{"entity":{"id":"paper-chapman-vemurafenib-nejm-2011","kind":"paper","name":"BRIM-3: improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation","aka":[],"tldr":"Vemurafenib, the first drug targeting the BRAF V600E mutation, reduced deaths by 63 percent compared with dacarbazine chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma, launching targeted therapy in the disease.","summary":"Phase 3 trial of 675 patients with previously untreated BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic melanoma randomised to vemurafenib or dacarbazine.\n\nAt interim analysis, the hazard ratio for death was 0.37 and for progression 0.26, with response of 48 versus 5 percent; cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, arthralgia and photosensitivity were the characteristic toxicities, and the data monitoring board recommended crossover.","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"N Engl J Med 2011","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1103782"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21639808/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["braf-v600-melanoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["vemurafenib"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["nejm"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"New England Journal of Medicine","year":2011,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa1103782","pmid":"21639808","authors":"Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al.","paperType":"rct","findings":["Hazard ratio for death 0.37; for progression 0.26 at interim analysis.","Objective response 48 percent vs 5 percent."],"whatItMeans":"BRAF testing became mandatory in advanced melanoma and vemurafenib the first approved BRAF inhibitor; combination with MEK inhibitors soon replaced monotherapy.","caveats":["Early analysis; responses were often short because of acquired resistance.","Keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas in about 18 percent."],"changedPractice":true,"participants":675},"route":"/key-papers/paper-chapman-vemurafenib-nejm-2011/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"braf-v600-melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"BRAF V600-mutant melanoma","route":"/cancers/braf-v600-melanoma/"}],"drug":[{"id":"vemurafenib","kind":"drug","name":"Vemurafenib","route":"/drugs/vemurafenib/"}],"journal":[{"id":"nejm","kind":"journal","name":"New England Journal of Medicine","route":"/journals/nejm/"}]}}