{"entity":{"id":"paper-chapuis-il21-ctl-ipilimumab-jco-2016","kind":"paper","name":"T-Cell Therapy Using Interleukin-21-Primed Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocytes Combined With Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Blockade Results in Long-Term Cell Persistence and Durable Tumor Regression","aka":[],"tldr":"Ten people with stage IV melanoma were given their own MART-1-targeting T cells followed by the immunotherapy drug ipilimumab. Two had lasting complete remissions and the infused cells were still found in the blood months later.","summary":"Autologous MART-1-specific CTLs were primed with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells in the presence of interleukin-21 and enriched by peptide-MHC multimer-guided sorting, and 10 patients with stage IV melanoma received the cells followed by a standard course of ipilimumab (Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016). The toxicity profile was comparable to ipilimumab alone (Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016).","asOf":"2026-11-05","links":[{"label":"DOI 10.1200/JCO.2015.65.5142","url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.65.5142"},{"label":"PubMed 27269940","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27269940/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["melanoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["ipilimumab"],"companies":[],"institutions":["fred-hutch"],"pathways":[],"terms":["endogenous-t-cell-therapy"],"trials":[],"people":["cassian-yee"],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["jco"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo agent (Claude Opus 5.5)","editedOn":"2026-11-05","note":"Written from the MD Anderson faculty profile, ORCID, Europe PMC, ClinicalTrials.gov v2, SEC EDGAR and each organisation's own site, read on 5 November 2026."},"journal":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","year":2016,"doi":"10.1200/JCO.2015.65.5142","pmid":"27269940","authors":"Chapuis AG, Roberts IM, Thompson JA, Margolin KA, Bhatia S, Lee SM, Sloan HL, Lai IP, Farrar EA, Wagener F, Shibuya KC, Cao J, Wolchok JD, Greenberg PD, Yee C.","paperType":"translational","findings":["Best responses at 12 weeks: two continuous complete remissions, one partial response by RECIST (two by immune-related response criteria) and three with stable disease.","Infused CTLs persisted at up to 2.9 per cent of CD8+ T cells for as long as patients were monitored, up to 40 weeks.","Patients with complete remission, partial response or stable disease developed responses to non-targeted tumour antigens (epitope spreading)."],"whatItMeans":"Combining antigen-specific T cells with CTLA-4 blockade was safe in this small study and produced durable responses, supporting checkpoint inhibitors as partners for cell therapy.","caveats":["Ten patients, single arm; the contribution of the cells and of ipilimumab cannot be separated."],"participants":10},"route":"/key-papers/paper-chapuis-il21-ctl-ipilimumab-jco-2016/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Melanoma","route":"/cancers/melanoma/"}],"drug":[{"id":"ipilimumab","kind":"drug","name":"Ipilimumab","route":"/drugs/ipilimumab/"}],"institution":[{"id":"fred-hutch","kind":"institution","name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/fred-hutch/"}],"term":[{"id":"endogenous-t-cell-therapy","kind":"term","name":"Endogenous T-cell therapy","route":"/terms/endogenous-t-cell-therapy/"}],"person":[{"id":"cassian-yee","kind":"person","name":"Cassian Yee","route":"/people/cassian-yee/"}],"journal":[{"id":"jco","kind":"journal","name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","route":"/journals/jco/"}]}}