{"entity":{"id":"paper-checkmate-648-nejm-2022","kind":"paper","name":"CheckMate 648: nivolumab combination therapy in advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","aka":[],"tldr":"Adding nivolumab to chemotherapy, or combining nivolumab with ipilimumab without chemotherapy, lengthened survival compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, with the largest gains in PD-L1-positive tumours.","summary":"Phase 3 trial of 970 patients with previously untreated advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma randomised to nivolumab plus fluorouracil-cisplatin, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, or chemotherapy alone.\n\nIn tumours with PD-L1 expression of 1 percent or more, median overall survival was 15.4 months with nivolumab-chemotherapy and 13.7 months with nivolumab-ipilimumab against 9.1 months with chemotherapy (hazard ratios 0.54 and 0.64); benefit was also seen in the overall population.","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"N Engl J Med 2022","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2111380"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35108470/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["oesophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["nivolumab"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":["checkmate-648"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["nejm"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"New England Journal of Medicine","year":2022,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2111380","pmid":"35108470","authors":"Doki Y, Ajani JA, Kato K, et al.","paperType":"rct","findings":["PD-L1 1 percent or more: median overall survival 15.4 (nivolumab-chemotherapy) and 13.7 (nivolumab-ipilimumab) vs 9.1 months (chemotherapy).","All randomised: 13.2 and 12.7 vs 10.7 months."],"whatItMeans":"Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or nivolumab plus ipilimumab are first-line standards for advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, joining pembrolizumab-chemotherapy from KEYNOTE-590.","caveats":["Early progression was more frequent with chemotherapy-free nivolumab-ipilimumab.","Benefit in PD-L1-negative tumours was uncertain."],"changedPractice":true,"participants":970},"route":"/key-papers/paper-checkmate-648-nejm-2022/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"oesophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/oesophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma/"}],"drug":[{"id":"nivolumab","kind":"drug","name":"Nivolumab","route":"/drugs/nivolumab/"}],"trial":[{"id":"checkmate-648","kind":"trial","name":"CheckMate 648","route":"/trials/checkmate-648/"}],"journal":[{"id":"nejm","kind":"journal","name":"New England Journal of Medicine","route":"/journals/nejm/"}]}}