{"entity":{"id":"paper-gultekin-hpv-triage-gynecol-oncol-2020","kind":"paper","name":"How to triage HPV positive cases: Results of four million females","aka":[],"tldr":"The first four million women screened in Türkiye's national cervical screening programme, which tests for human papillomavirus and takes a smear at the same visit; about one in twenty-three tested positive.","summary":"Türkiye's Ministry of Health replaced smear-based cervical screening with a national programme of primary HPV DNA testing in 2014, offered to women aged 30 to 65 every five years. Women were invited for screening with HPV DNA testing and conventional cytology collected at a single visit, so that triage (extended genotyping and the smear) needed no second appointment. The paper reports the programme's first 4,099,230 screened women. Under the Turkish algorithm a woman is referred to colposcopy if she has HPV 16 or 18 or any smear abnormality of ASC-US or worse.","asOf":"2026-11-04","links":[{"label":"Gynecol Oncol 2020","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.04.698"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32362567/"},{"label":"Turkey Cancer Control Programme, 2021: the switch to HPV testing (Ministry of Health, PDF, Internet Archive copy)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2025/https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Raporlar/Turkey_NCCP_18_April_2022.pdf"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["cervical"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":["tr-cancer-department"],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Gynecologic Oncology","year":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.04.698","pmid":"32362567","authors":"Gultekin M, Dundar S, Keskinkilic B, Turkyilmaz M, Ozgul N, Yuce K, Kara F","paperType":"real-world","findings":["4,099,230 women attended HPV DNA screening; 4.39% were HPV DNA positive.","The commonest HPV type was 16, followed by 51, 31, 52, 56 and 18, at all ages and in all regions.","Cytology was reported normal in 69.2% and inadequate in 16.6%; the remainder were abnormal (ASC-US or worse).","The Turkish referral rule gave an overall positive predictive value of 24.3% for CIN2 or worse; by genotype it was 32.6% for HPV 16 and 15.3% for HPV 18."],"whatItMeans":"A middle-income country can run primary HPV screening at national scale, with triage done at the same visit and colposcopy referral rates the authors judge acceptable. For a woman in Türkiye it means the test offered at a family health centre or KETEM screening centre from age 30 is an HPV test, not only a smear.","caveats":["Reports test results and positive predictive values, not effects on cancer incidence or deaths.","The abstract does not give the share of eligible women who attended, so coverage cannot be read from it."],"participants":4099230},"route":"/key-papers/paper-gultekin-hpv-triage-gynecol-oncol-2020/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"cervical","kind":"cancer","name":"Cervical cancer","route":"/cancers/cervical/"}],"institution":[{"id":"tr-cancer-department","kind":"institution","name":"Department of Cancer, Ministry of Health of Türkiye (Kanser Dairesi Başkanlığı)","route":"/institutions/tr-cancer-department/"}]}}