{"entity":{"id":"paper-hughes-n-engl-j-med","kind":"paper","name":"Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early breast cancer","aka":[],"tldr":"Paper cited by one trial page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 15342805 and published in New England Journal of Medicine; the citing page links this DOI, which is how the record was matched.","summary":"Background: In women 70 years of age or older who have early breast cancer, it is unclear whether lumpectomy plus tamoxifen is as effective as lumpectomy followed by tamoxifen plus radiation therapy.\n\nMethods: Between July 1994 and February 1999, we randomly assigned 636 women who were 70 years of age or older and who had clinical stage I (T1N0M0 according to the tumor-node-metastasis classification), estrogen-receptor-positive breast carcinoma treated by lumpectomy to receive tamoxifen plus radiation therapy (317 women) or tamoxifen alone (319 women). Primary end points were the time to local or regional recurrence, the frequency of mastectomy for recurrence, breast-cancer-specific survival, the time to distant metastasis, and overall survival.\n\nResults: The only significant difference between the two groups was in the rate of local or regional recurrence at five years (1 percent in the group given tamoxifen plus irradiation and 4 percent in the group given tamoxifen alone, P<0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the rates of mastectomy for local recurrence, distant metastases, or five-year rates of overall survival (87 percent in the group given tamoxifen plus irradiation and 86 percent in the tamoxifen group, P=0.94). Assessment by physicians and patients of cosmetic results and adverse events uniformly rated tamoxifen plus irradiation inferior to tamoxifen alone.\n\nConclusions: Lumpectomy plus adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen alone is a realistic choice for the treatment of women 70 years of age or older who have early, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.\n\nIndexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 15342805 (DOI 10.1056/nejmoa040587). Matched by DOI alone: one trial page cites this DOI among its external links (the pages are listed under Related), and this page was written so that the citation resolves inside OnCo. No figure has been checked by an editor.","asOf":"2026-09-22","links":[{"label":"N Engl J Med 2004","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa040587"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342805/"},{"label":"Europe PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/15342805"}],"tags":["europepmc-ingest"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":["calgb-9343"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["nejm"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"New England Journal of Medicine","year":2004,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa040587","pmid":"15342805","authors":"Hughes KS, Schnaper LA, Berry D, et al.","paperType":"rct","findings":[],"whatItMeans":"One trial page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.","caveats":["Matched to the citing OnCo records by DOI alone; the summary reproduces the Europe PMC abstract and no figure has been verified against the full paper."]},"route":"/key-papers/paper-hughes-n-engl-j-med/","neighbours":{"trial":[{"id":"calgb-9343","kind":"trial","name":"CALGB 9343","route":"/trials/calgb-9343/"}],"journal":[{"id":"nejm","kind":"journal","name":"New England Journal of Medicine","route":"/journals/nejm/"}]}}