{"entity":{"id":"paper-igcccg-classification-jco-1997","kind":"paper","name":"International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers","aka":[],"tldr":"Pooling over 5,000 patients, the IGCCCG classification sorted metastatic testicular cancer into good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups using tumour markers, primary site and non-lung metastases, and still decides how many cycles of chemotherapy a man receives.","summary":"Analysis of 5,202 patients with metastatic non-seminomatous and 660 with seminomatous germ cell tumours treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, identifying tumour marker levels (AFP, hCG, LDH), mediastinal primary site and non-pulmonary visceral metastases as independent prognostic factors and defining good (56 percent, 92 percent five-year survival), intermediate (28 percent, 80 percent) and poor (16 percent, 48 percent) prognosis groups for non-seminoma.","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"J Clin Oncol 1997","url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.594"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9053482/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["non-seminoma","seminoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["jco"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","year":1997,"doi":"10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.594","pmid":"9053482","authors":"Unknown","paperType":"methods","findings":["Good, intermediate and poor prognosis non-seminoma: five-year survival 92, 80 and 48 percent.","Seminoma: good (86 percent) and intermediate (72 percent) groups by non-pulmonary visceral metastases."],"whatItMeans":"Three cycles of BEP for good risk and four for intermediate and poor risk follow directly from this classification, which was updated in 2021 with modern survival figures.","caveats":["Survival figures predate modern supportive care; the 2021 update reports better outcomes in all groups."],"changedPractice":true,"participants":5202},"route":"/key-papers/paper-igcccg-classification-jco-1997/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"non-seminoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-seminomatous germ cell tumour","route":"/cancers/non-seminoma/"},{"id":"seminoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Seminoma","route":"/cancers/seminoma/"}],"journal":[{"id":"jco","kind":"journal","name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","route":"/journals/jco/"}]}}