{"entity":{"id":"paper-kanda-panin-1-somatic-mutations-gastroenterology-2012","kind":"paper","name":"Presence of somatic mutations in most early-stage pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia","aka":[],"tldr":"More than 99% of the smallest, lowest-grade precursor lesions in the pancreas already carry a mutation in KRAS, CDKN2A, GNAS or BRAF, showing the genetic change comes first.","summary":"More than 99% of the earliest-stage, lowest-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm-1 lesions were shown to contain mutations in KRAS, p16/CDKN2A, GNAS or BRAF.","asOf":"2026-09-24","links":[{"label":"Kanda et al., Gastroenterology 2012: somatic mutations in more than 99% of PanIN-1 lesions","url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.042"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22226782/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["pancreatic","ipmn-cystic-precursors"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":["kras","cdkn2a","gnas","braf"],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":["johns-hopkins"],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":["bert-vogelstein","anirban-maitra"],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["gastroenterology"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Gastroenterology","year":2012,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.042","pmid":"22226782","authors":"Kanda M, Matthaei H, Wu J, et al.","paperType":"translational","findings":["More than 99% of PanIN-1 lesions carry a KRAS, CDKN2A, GNAS or BRAF mutation."],"whatItMeans":"It fixes the order of events, with the initiating mutation present in the smallest visible lesion, and it warns that finding mutant KRAS in a duct does not mean cancer.","caveats":["Microdissected lesions; small numbers per grade.","Mutation presence does not predict which lesions progress."],"changedPractice":false},"route":"/key-papers/paper-kanda-panin-1-somatic-mutations-gastroenterology-2012/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"ipmn-cystic-precursors","kind":"cancer","name":"Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and other pancreatic cystic precursors","route":"/cancers/ipmn-cystic-precursors/"},{"id":"pancreatic","kind":"cancer","name":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/pancreatic/"}],"target":[{"id":"braf","kind":"target","name":"BRAF","route":"/targets/braf/"},{"id":"cdkn2a","kind":"target","name":"CDKN2A","route":"/targets/cdkn2a/"},{"id":"gnas","kind":"target","name":"GNAS","route":"/targets/gnas/"},{"id":"kras","kind":"target","name":"KRAS","route":"/targets/kras/"}],"institution":[{"id":"johns-hopkins","kind":"institution","name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital / Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/johns-hopkins/"}],"person":[{"id":"anirban-maitra","kind":"person","name":"Anirban Maitra","route":"/people/anirban-maitra/"},{"id":"bert-vogelstein","kind":"person","name":"Bert Vogelstein","route":"/people/bert-vogelstein/"}],"journal":[{"id":"gastroenterology","kind":"journal","name":"Gastroenterology","route":"/journals/gastroenterology/"}]}}