{"entity":{"id":"paper-pd-l1-urothelial-onco-targets-ther-2016","kind":"paper","name":"PD-L1 expression in human cancers and its association with clinical outcomes","aka":[],"tldr":"Review on PD-L1 in Bladder & urothelial cancer, in OncoTargets and therapy (2016), one of the most cited Europe PMC records with PD-L1 in its title.","summary":"PD-L1 is an immunoinhibitory molecule that suppresses the activation of T cells, leading to the progression of tumors. Overexpression of PD-L1 in cancers such as gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and bladder cancer is associated with poor clinical outcomes. In contrast, PD-L1 expression correlates with better clinical outcomes in breast cancer and merkel cell carcinoma. The prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma is controversial. Blocking antibodies that target PD-1 and PD-L1 have achieved remarkable response rates in cancer patients who have PD-L1-overexpressing tumors. However, using PD-L1 as an exclusive predictive biomarker for cancer immunotherapy is questionable due to the low accuracy of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry staining. Factors that affect the accuracy of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry staining are as follows. First, antibodies used in different studies have different sensitivity. Second, in different studies, the cut-off value of PD-L1 staining positivity is different. Third, PD-L1 expression in tumors is not uniform, and sampling time and location may affect the results of PD-L1 staining. Therefore, better understanding of tumor microenvironment and use of other biomarkers such as gene marker and combined index are necessary to better identify patients who will benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade therapy.\n\nIndexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 27574444 (DOI 10.2147/ott.s105862). Its title names PD-L1 and its text names Bladder & urothelial cancer; PubMed types it as a review (review-article, Review). It was matched automatically to the idea \"Anchor a TGF-beta trap in the tumour stroma so it cannot act everywhere\" and no figure has been checked by an editor.","asOf":"2026-09-22","links":[{"label":"Onco Targets Ther 2016","url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ott.s105862"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27574444/"},{"label":"Europe PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/27574444"}],"tags":["europepmc-ingest"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"OncoTargets and therapy","year":2016,"doi":"10.2147/ott.s105862","pmid":"27574444","authors":"Wang X, Teng F, Kong L, et al.","paperType":"review","findings":[],"whatItMeans":"One of the most cited reviews Europe PMC returns for PD-L1 in Bladder & urothelial cancer, so it is a natural first reading for anyone weighing the idea it is linked from. The record was linked automatically by title and abstract; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.","caveats":["Matched by PD-L1 in the title and Bladder & urothelial cancer in the title or abstract of the Europe PMC record; the summary reproduces the record's abstract and no figure has been verified against the full paper.","A review summarises other studies; the primary reports it cites are the evidence."]},"route":"/key-papers/paper-pd-l1-urothelial-onco-targets-ther-2016/","neighbours":{"idea":[{"id":"idea-bio2-tumour-anchored-tgfbeta-trap","kind":"idea","name":"Anchor a TGF-beta trap in the tumour stroma so it cannot act everywhere","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-tumour-anchored-tgfbeta-trap/"}]}}