{"entity":{"id":"paper-rainbow-ramucirumab-paclitaxel-lancet-oncol-2014","kind":"paper","name":"RAINBOW: ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in previously treated advanced gastric cancer","aka":[],"tldr":"Adding the anti-VEGFR2 antibody ramucirumab to weekly paclitaxel lengthened survival by over two months in gastric cancer that had progressed after first-line chemotherapy, establishing the standard second-line regimen.","summary":"Phase 3 placebo-controlled trial of 665 patients with advanced gastric or junctional adenocarcinoma progressing after first-line platinum-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy randomised to ramucirumab or placebo with weekly paclitaxel.\n\nMedian overall survival was 9.6 versus 7.4 months (hazard ratio 0.81), progression-free survival 4.4 versus 2.9 months and response 28 versus 16 percent; neutropenia, hypertension and fatigue were more frequent with ramucirumab.","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"Lancet Oncol 2014","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70420-6"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25240821/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["gastric-pdl1-high","gastric-cldn18-2-positive"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["ramucirumab"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":["rainbow"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["lancet-oncology"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"The Lancet Oncology","year":2014,"doi":"10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70420-6","pmid":"25240821","authors":"Wilke H, Muro K, Van Cutsem E, et al.","paperType":"rct","findings":["Median overall survival 9.6 vs 7.4 months; hazard ratio 0.81.","Median progression-free survival 4.4 vs 2.9 months."],"whatItMeans":"Ramucirumab-paclitaxel is the second-line standard for HER2-negative gastric cancer after chemo-immunotherapy, and the comparator for newer agents.","caveats":["Regional differences: benefit was smaller in Asian patients, partly because of more third-line therapy."],"changedPractice":true,"participants":665},"route":"/key-papers/paper-rainbow-ramucirumab-paclitaxel-lancet-oncol-2014/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"gastric-cldn18-2-positive","kind":"cancer","name":"Claudin 18.2-positive gastric cancer","route":"/cancers/gastric-cldn18-2-positive/"},{"id":"gastric-pdl1-high","kind":"cancer","name":"PD-L1-high gastric cancer","route":"/cancers/gastric-pdl1-high/"}],"drug":[{"id":"ramucirumab","kind":"drug","name":"Ramucirumab","route":"/drugs/ramucirumab/"}],"trial":[{"id":"rainbow","kind":"trial","name":"RAINBOW","route":"/trials/rainbow/"}],"journal":[{"id":"lancet-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"The Lancet Oncology","route":"/journals/lancet-oncology/"}]}}