{"entity":{"id":"paper-rindi-common-classification-framework-mod-pathol-2018","kind":"paper","name":"A common classification framework for neuroendocrine neoplasms (IARC and WHO expert consensus)","aka":[],"tldr":"This consensus proposed a uniform way of classifying neuroendocrine neoplasms at every body site, separating well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (graded 1 to 3) from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, which became the basis of the WHO 2019 and 2022 classifications.","summary":"Expert consensus from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and WHO proposing that neuroendocrine neoplasms across organs be divided into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours graded 1 to 3 by proliferation and poorly differentiated small- and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms as a third family.","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"Mod Pathol 2018","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-018-0110-y"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30140036/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["extrapulmonary-nec","grade-3-net"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Modern Pathology","year":2018,"doi":"10.1038/s41379-018-0110-y","pmid":"30140036","authors":"Rindi G, Klimstra DS, Abedi-Ardekani B, et al.","paperType":"guideline","findings":[],"whatItMeans":"The grade 3 neuroendocrine tumour category, treated differently from neuroendocrine carcinoma, exists because of this framework.","caveats":["Lung neuroendocrine tumours retain older terminology (typical and atypical carcinoid) in the 2021 thoracic classification."],"changedPractice":true},"route":"/key-papers/paper-rindi-common-classification-framework-mod-pathol-2018/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"extrapulmonary-nec","kind":"cancer","name":"Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma","route":"/cancers/extrapulmonary-nec/"},{"id":"grade-3-net","kind":"cancer","name":"Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour","route":"/cancers/grade-3-net/"}]}}