{"entity":{"id":"paper-roa-gallbladder-cancer-primer-nat-rev-dis-primers-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Gallbladder cancer","aka":[],"tldr":"The 2022 Nature Reviews primer on gallbladder cancer: the commonest biliary cancer, mostly found by chance at gallstone surgery, driven by long-standing inflammation, curable only by surgery and badly in need of screening biomarkers and separate study.","summary":"Disease primer by authors from Chile, India, the United States and the US National Cancer Institute. Gallbladder cancer is the most common biliary tract cancer with a very poor prognosis at advanced stages; most cases are discovered incidentally after cholecystectomy for symptomatic stones, and chronic inflammation drives the disease whether or not stones are present. Omics studies have clarified inflammation-driven initiation and progression. Surgery is the only curative treatment and few cases are resectable; adjuvant therapy has low response rates. Unmet needs named: biomarkers for screening, therapy selection and prognosis; standardised nomenclature for preneoplastic lesions and specimen processing; and multidisciplinary care with neoadjuvant, adjuvant and novel systemic therapies including immunotherapy.","asOf":"2026-09-24","links":[{"label":"Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00398-y"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36302789/"}],"tags":["gallbladder-evidence"],"related":[],"cancers":["gallbladder"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":["nci"],"pathways":[],"terms":["incidental-gallbladder-cancer","inflammation"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":["b-rare-cancers","b-early-detection"],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","year":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00398-y","pmid":"36302789","authors":"Roa JC, García P, Kapoor VK, et al.","paperType":"review","findings":["Most gallbladder cancers are discovered incidentally after cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones.","Named unmet needs: screening, selection and prognostic biomarkers; standardised lesion nomenclature and specimen sampling."],"whatItMeans":"The best single starting point for a clinician or researcher new to the disease, written by the groups running the Chilean and Indian cohorts; its list of unmet needs is the skeleton of the ideas section on this page.","caveats":["Narrative review.","Published before the zanidatamab approvals and the TOPAZ-1 long-term update."],"changedPractice":false},"route":"/key-papers/paper-roa-gallbladder-cancer-primer-nat-rev-dis-primers-2022/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"gallbladder","kind":"cancer","name":"Gallbladder cancer","route":"/cancers/gallbladder/"},{"id":"incidental-gallbladder-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Incidental gallbladder cancer (found after cholecystectomy)","route":"/cancers/incidental-gallbladder-cancer/"}],"institution":[{"id":"nci","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Institute (NIH)","route":"/institutions/nci/"}],"term":[{"id":"inflammation","kind":"term","name":"Inflammation","route":"/terms/inflammation/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-rare-cancers","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Rare and paediatric cancers without markets","route":"/bottlenecks/b-rare-cancers/"},{"id":"b-early-detection","kind":"bottleneck","name":"The hardest cancers are found late","route":"/bottlenecks/b-early-detection/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"gallbladder-cancer-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials","route":"/roadmaps/gallbladder-cancer-roadmap/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-gbc-burden-to-funding-audit-and-dedicated-call","kind":"idea","name":"A burden-to-funding audit for gallbladder cancer and a dedicated research call","route":"/ideas/idea-gbc-burden-to-funding-audit-and-dedicated-call/"},{"id":"idea-gbc-risk-targeted-ultrasound-in-high-incidence-regions","kind":"idea","name":"Risk-targeted ultrasound screening in high-incidence regions, tested against usual care","route":"/ideas/idea-gbc-risk-targeted-ultrasound-in-high-incidence-regions/"}]}}