{"entity":{"id":"paper-shindoh-t2-gallbladder-cancer-tumour-location-ann-surg-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Tumor location is a strong predictor of tumor progression and survival in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicenter study","aka":[],"tldr":"Where a muscle-invading gallbladder tumour sits matters: those on the side against the liver spread more and killed more, with five-year survival of 43 in 100 against 65 in 100 for tumours on the free side.","summary":"Four institutions analysed 437 resected gallbladder cancers, defining tumour location as hepatic side or peritoneal side. Among 252 T2 tumours, hepatic-side tumours (99) had more vascular invasion (51 versus 19 percent), neural invasion (33 versus 8 percent) and nodal metastasis (40 versus 17 percent) than peritoneal-side tumours (153). After a median follow-up of 58.9 months, three- and five-year survival was 52.1 and 42.6 percent for hepatic-side and 73.7 and 64.7 percent for peritoneal-side T2 tumours (p=0.0006); no such difference was seen for T1 or T3. Hepatic-side location was independently associated with survival (hazard ratio 2.7, 95 percent CI 1.7 to 4.2) and predicted liver recurrence (23 versus 3 percent) and distant nodal recurrence (16 versus 3 percent) even after radical resection.","asOf":"2026-09-24","links":[{"label":"Ann Surg 2015","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000728"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24854451/"}],"tags":["gallbladder-evidence"],"related":[],"cancers":["gallbladder"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":["md-anderson"],"pathways":[],"terms":["t2a-versus-t2b","tnm-staging"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Annals of Surgery","year":2015,"doi":"10.1097/SLA.0000000000000728","pmid":"24854451","authors":"Shindoh J, de Aretxabala X, Aloia TA, et al.","paperType":"observational","findings":["Five-year survival 42.6 percent for hepatic-side vs 64.7 percent for peritoneal-side T2 tumours (p=0.0006).","Hepatic-side location: hazard ratio 2.7 (95 percent CI 1.7 to 4.2) for death; nodal metastasis 40 vs 17 percent.","Liver recurrence 23 vs 3 percent and distant nodal recurrence 16 vs 3 percent after radical resection."],"whatItMeans":"The study behind the T2a/T2b split adopted by the AJCC eighth edition in 2017, the one staging change in gallbladder cancer that grew from the disease's own anatomy rather than from bile duct cancer.","caveats":["Retrospective, four referral centres.","Location was assigned on pathology review; reproducibility between pathologists is a known difficulty."],"changedPractice":true,"participants":437},"route":"/key-papers/paper-shindoh-t2-gallbladder-cancer-tumour-location-ann-surg-2015/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"gallbladder","kind":"cancer","name":"Gallbladder cancer","route":"/cancers/gallbladder/"}],"institution":[{"id":"md-anderson","kind":"institution","name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/md-anderson/"}],"term":[{"id":"t2a-versus-t2b","kind":"term","name":"T2a versus T2b gallbladder cancer (peritoneal side versus hepatic side)","route":"/terms/t2a-versus-t2b/"},{"id":"tnm-staging","kind":"term","name":"TNM staging","route":"/terms/tnm-staging/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-chun-ajcc-8th-edition-hepatobiliary-aso-2018","kind":"paper","name":"8th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Pancreas and Hepatobiliary Cancers","route":"/key-papers/paper-chun-ajcc-8th-edition-hepatobiliary-aso-2018/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"gallbladder-cancer-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials","route":"/roadmaps/gallbladder-cancer-roadmap/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-gbc-t2a-spare-liver-resection-trial","kind":"idea","name":"A trial of sparing the liver resection in peritoneal-side (T2a) gallbladder cancer","route":"/ideas/idea-gbc-t2a-spare-liver-resection-trial/"}]}}