{"entity":{"id":"paper-sruamsiri-thai-targeted-therapy-access-plos-one-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Policies and programs to facilitate access to targeted cancer therapies in Thailand","aka":[],"tldr":"How Thailand widened access to expensive targeted cancer medicines in 2007 to 2009, through a special category on the national medicines list, compulsory licences, price negotiation and company programmes, and how many more patients were treated afterwards.","summary":"The authors built timelines of access policies for two medicines on Thailand's 2013 National List of Essential Medicines, letrozole and imatinib, and three unlisted medicines for the same uses, trastuzumab, nilotinib and dasatinib, from scientific and grey literature, and used IMS Health sales data from January 2001 to December 2012 to estimate how many patients were treated before and after.\n\nDuring 2007 to 2009 the government created a special category on the national list with different coverage requirements for payers and issued compulsory licences; payers negotiated prices and pooled procurement; companies expanded patient assistance programmes and lowered prices.","asOf":"2026-11-04","links":[{"label":"PLoS One 2015","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119945"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25798948/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["breast-cancer","cml"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["letrozole","imatinib","trastuzumab","nilotinib","dasatinib"],"companies":[],"institutions":["nhso-thailand"],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"PLoS One","year":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0119945","pmid":"25798948","authors":"Sruamsiri R, Ross-Degnan D, Lu CY, Chaiyakunapruk N, Wagner AK","paperType":"observational","findings":["Estimated patients treated with letrozole rose from 645 (95% CI 366 to 923) before the interventions to 3,683 (2,748 to 4,618) after.","Imatinib: from 103 (72 to 174) to 350 (307 to 398).","Trastuzumab: from 68 (45 to 118) to 412 (344 to 563)."],"whatItMeans":"Thailand's special high-cost category on its essential medicines list, now called R2, dates from these years, and this paper is the measured account of what the combined measures did to the number of patients reached.","caveats":["Patient numbers are estimated from sales volumes, not counted from records.","Several interventions happened at once, so the effect of any one of them cannot be separated."]},"route":"/key-papers/paper-sruamsiri-thai-targeted-therapy-access-plos-one-2015/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"breast-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Breast cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/breast-cancer/"},{"id":"cml","kind":"cancer","name":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)","route":"/cancers/cml/"}],"drug":[{"id":"dasatinib","kind":"drug","name":"Dasatinib","route":"/drugs/dasatinib/"},{"id":"imatinib","kind":"drug","name":"Imatinib","route":"/drugs/imatinib/"},{"id":"letrozole","kind":"drug","name":"Letrozole (and other aromatase inhibitors)","route":"/drugs/letrozole/"},{"id":"nilotinib","kind":"drug","name":"Nilotinib","route":"/drugs/nilotinib/"},{"id":"trastuzumab","kind":"drug","name":"Trastuzumab","route":"/drugs/trastuzumab/"}],"institution":[{"id":"nhso-thailand","kind":"institution","name":"National Health Security Office, Thailand","route":"/institutions/nhso-thailand/"}]}}