{"entity":{"id":"paper-tcga-gastric-nature-2014","kind":"paper","name":"Comprehensive molecular characterisation of gastric adenocarcinoma (The Cancer Genome Atlas)","aka":[],"tldr":"Sequencing 295 stomach cancers divided them into four molecular groups, Epstein-Barr virus-positive, microsatellite unstable, genomically stable and chromosomally unstable, each with distinct drivers and potential therapies.","summary":"Integrated genomic analysis by The Cancer Genome Atlas of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas identifying four subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus-positive (PIK3CA mutations, PD-L1/2 amplification), microsatellite unstable (hypermutation), genomically stable (diffuse histology, RHOA and CLDN18-ARHGAP fusions) and chromosomal instability (TP53 mutation, receptor tyrosine kinase amplifications).","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"Nature 2014","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13480"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25079317/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["gastric-msi-high"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["nature"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Nature","year":2014,"doi":"10.1038/nature13480","pmid":"25079317","authors":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network.","paperType":"translational","findings":["Four molecular subtypes with distinct genomic features.","Microsatellite-unstable tumours in about 22 percent and Epstein-Barr virus-positive in about 9 percent of the cohort."],"whatItMeans":"The immunotherapy sensitivity of microsatellite-unstable and Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer and the claudin 18.2 and HER2 targets map onto these subtypes.","caveats":["Subtypes are not yet used directly to choose treatment beyond microsatellite status and HER2."],"changedPractice":true,"participants":295},"route":"/key-papers/paper-tcga-gastric-nature-2014/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"gastric-msi-high","kind":"cancer","name":"Microsatellite-unstable (MSI-high) gastric cancer","route":"/cancers/gastric-msi-high/"}],"journal":[{"id":"nature","kind":"journal","name":"Nature","route":"/journals/nature/"}]}}