{"entity":{"id":"paper-yu-anti-gd2-neuroblastoma-nejm-2010","kind":"paper","name":"Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2 and isotretinoin for high-risk neuroblastoma (COG ANBL0032)","aka":[],"tldr":"Adding the anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18 with cytokines to isotretinoin after transplant improved two-year event-free survival in high-risk neuroblastoma from 46 to 66 percent, making immunotherapy a standard part of treatment.","summary":"Phase 3 trial of 226 children with high-risk neuroblastoma who had responded to induction and autologous transplant, randomised to isotretinoin alone or with five cycles of ch14.18 (dinutuximab) plus GM-CSF and interleukin-2.\n\nTwo-year event-free survival was 66 versus 46 percent and overall survival 86 versus 75 percent; pain, capillary leak and hypersensitivity were the main toxicities. Later follow-up confirmed the benefit.","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"N Engl J Med 2010","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0911123"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20879881/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["neuroblastoma-high-risk"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["nejm"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"New England Journal of Medicine","year":2010,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa0911123","pmid":"20879881","authors":"Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, et al.","paperType":"rct","findings":["Two-year event-free survival 66 percent vs 46 percent.","Two-year overall survival 86 percent vs 75 percent."],"whatItMeans":"Anti-GD2 immunotherapy after consolidation is standard for high-risk neuroblastoma worldwide; interleukin-2 was later dropped after the SIOPEN trial showed no added benefit.","caveats":["Trial stopped early at interim analysis.","Neuropathic pain and capillary leak syndrome are substantial toxicities."],"changedPractice":true,"participants":226},"route":"/key-papers/paper-yu-anti-gd2-neuroblastoma-nejm-2010/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"neuroblastoma-high-risk","kind":"cancer","name":"High-risk neuroblastoma","route":"/cancers/neuroblastoma-high-risk/"}],"journal":[{"id":"nejm","kind":"journal","name":"New England Journal of Medicine","route":"/journals/nejm/"}]}}