{"entity":{"id":"permutation-test","kind":"term","name":"Permutation test and the Mann-Whitney U test","aka":["permutation test","permutation p-value","label shuffling","shuffled labels","Mann-Whitney U test","Mann-Whitney test","Wilcoxon rank-sum test","rank-sum test","non-parametric test"],"tldr":"A permutation test builds the null distribution by shuffling labels (or spot positions) many times and asks how often chance does as well as the real result; the Mann-Whitney U test compares two groups by ranks without assuming a normal distribution.","summary":"A permutation test is an exact hypothesis test in which the null distribution of the statistic is obtained by recomputing it over rearrangements of the labels (Wikipedia). It gives p-values for Moran's I, for enrichment scores and for any model metric where the parametric distribution is unknown. The Mann-Whitney U test is the non-parametric test that randomly chosen values from two populations have the same distribution (Wikipedia), the default for comparing, say, predicted risk between responders and non-responders.","asOf":"2026-09-24","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_test","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Mann-Whitney U test","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%E2%80%93Whitney_U_test"},{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_test"}],"tags":["cansim-terms"],"related":["cancer-ai-vocabulary"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["spatial-autocorrelation","bootstrap","spearman-correlation"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Listed in the CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme; CanSim page path /terms/permutation-test."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo CanSim terms wave (Wikipedia summaries, standards and project pages, GDC and FDA pages, Europe PMC)","editedOn":"2026-09-24","note":"CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme"},"category":"Methods and models"},"route":"/terms/permutation-test/","neighbours":{"term":[{"id":"bootstrap","kind":"term","name":"Bootstrap resampling","route":"/terms/bootstrap/"},{"id":"cancer-ai-vocabulary","kind":"term","name":"Cancer AI vocabulary (CanSim terms map)","route":"/terms/cancer-ai-vocabulary/"},{"id":"spatial-autocorrelation","kind":"term","name":"Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I)","route":"/terms/spatial-autocorrelation/"},{"id":"spearman-correlation","kind":"term","name":"Spearman rank correlation","route":"/terms/spearman-correlation/"}]}}