{"entity":{"id":"prague-c-and-m-criteria","kind":"term","name":"Prague C and M criteria (Barrett's oesophagus)","aka":["Prague C&M","Prague C and M criteria","Prague classification"],"tldr":"The Prague C and M numbers on an endoscopy report give the length of Barrett's oesophagus in centimetres: C for the part that goes all the way round, M for the longest tongue.","summary":"Barrett's oesophagus is a precancerous change for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. An international working group (Sharma and colleagues, Gastroenterology 2006) set criteria for recognising it at endoscopy and grading its extent as the circumferential (C) and maximum (M) length above the gastro-oesophageal junction. Scored on video recordings by 29 endoscopists, reliability was 0.95 for C and 0.94 for M; 97% and 95% of paired readings agreed within 2 cm.","asOf":"2026-11-04","links":[{"label":"Sharma et al., The development and validation of an endoscopic grading system for Barrett's esophagus: the Prague C & M criteria (Gastroenterology 2006)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2006.08.032"}],"tags":[],"related":["barretts-esophagus","endoscopy","vienna-classification"],"cancers":["oesophageal-adenocarcinoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"category":"Diagnostics & imaging"},"route":"/terms/prague-c-and-m-criteria/","neighbours":{"term":[{"id":"barretts-esophagus","kind":"term","name":"Barrett's oesophagus","route":"/terms/barretts-esophagus/"},{"id":"endoscopy","kind":"term","name":"Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP)","route":"/terms/endoscopy/"},{"id":"vienna-classification","kind":"term","name":"Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia","route":"/terms/vienna-classification/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"oesophageal-adenocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/oesophageal-adenocarcinoma/"}]}}