{"entity":{"id":"ptpn22","kind":"target","name":"PTPN22","aka":["protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22","Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22","Lyp","Lyp1","Lyp2","PTPN8"],"tldr":"PTPN22 (Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22) is an enzyme. In the public catalogues the evidence so far is association rather than a proven role.","summary":"Acts as a negative regulator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling by direct dephosphorylation of the Src family kinases LCK and FYN, ITAMs of the TCRz/CD3 complex, as well as ZAP70, VAV, VCP and other key signalling molecules. Associates with and probably dephosphorylates CBL. Dephosphorylates LCK at its activating 'Tyr-394' residue.\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.53 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.74, animal model 0.50, genetic association 0.66).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9652","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9652"},{"label":"UniProt Q9Y2R2","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9Y2R2/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 26191","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/26191"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000134242","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000134242"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: none stated by the sources. Evidence tier \"association-only\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"PTPN22","role":[],"evidenceTier":"association-only","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9652","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9652","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt Q9Y2R2","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9Y2R2/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000134242","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000134242/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.53;  (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9652","ensembl":"ENSG00000134242","uniprot":"Q9Y2R2","entrez":"26191","biology":"Acts as a negative regulator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling by direct dephosphorylation of the Src family kinases LCK and FYN, ITAMs of the TCRz/CD3 complex, as well as ZAP70, VAV, VCP and other key signalling molecules. Associates with and probably dephosphorylates CBL. Dephosphorylates LCK at its activating 'Tyr-394' residue. Dephosphorylates ZAP70 at its activating 'Tyr-493' residue. Dephosphorylates the immune system activator SKAP2. Positively regulates toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced type 1 interferon production. Location: Cytoplasm (UniProt). Locus 1p13.2 (HGNC).","whereFound":[],"targetClass":"enzyme","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/ptpn22/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}]}}