{"entity":{"id":"rac1","kind":"target","name":"RAC1","aka":["Rac family small GTPase 1","Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1","TC-25","p21-Rac1","Rac-1"],"tldr":"RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) is a gene that drives cell growth when it is altered. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Skin cancer, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and Melanoma.","summary":"Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarisation, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages.\n\nCIViC holds 3 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 1 variant, naming Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib and PLX4720. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.78 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes affected pathway 0.59, literature 1.00, genetic association 0.32, somatic mutation 0.93, animal model 0.37). IntOGen calls it a driver in 5 cohorts (5 activating, 0 loss-of-function), covering Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma, Cutaneous Melanoma.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9801","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9801"},{"label":"UniProt P63000","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P63000/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 5879","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5879"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000136238","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000136238"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["skin-cancer","head-and-neck","melanoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 3 therapies; IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 5 cohorts; CIViC holds 3 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"RAC1","role":["drug-target","oncogene-driver","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9801","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9801","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P63000","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P63000/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene RAC1","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/4753","note":"3 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Melanoma, Skin Melanoma (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000136238","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000136238/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.78; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: melanoma 0.71, skin cancer 0.69 (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen RAC1","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=RAC1","note":"driver in 5 cohorts (Act 5, LoF 0); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9801","ensembl":"ENSG00000136238","uniprot":"P63000","entrez":"5879","biology":"Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarisation, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. Location: Cell membrane; Melanosome; Cytoplasm; Cell projection, lamellipodium (UniProt). Locus 7p22.1 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.69 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (HNSC)","Melanoma: Open Targets association 0.71 with melanoma (MONDO_0005105); CIViC evidence names this disease"],"targetClass":"oncogene","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/rac1/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"head-and-neck","kind":"cancer","name":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/head-and-neck/"},{"id":"melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Melanoma","route":"/cancers/melanoma/"},{"id":"skin-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Skin cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/skin-cancer/"}]}}