{"entity":{"id":"rad21","kind":"target","name":"RAD21","aka":["RAD21 cohesin complex component","Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog","KIAA0078","hHR21","SCC1"],"tldr":"RAD21 (Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog) is a protein that switches other genes on and off. The public catalogues list it as an oncogene driver, a tumour suppressor and a DNA repair gene, and it is called a cancer driver by mutation analysis of patient cohorts. Tied to Leukaemia, Myeloproliferative neoplasms, Lung cancer and 2 more.","summary":"As a member of the cohesin complex, involved in sister chromatid cohesion from the time of DNA replication in S phase to their segregation in mitosis, a function that is essential for proper chromosome segregation, post-replicative DNA repair, and the prevention of inappropriate recombination between repetitive regions. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. In interphase, cohesins may function in the control of gene expression by binding to numerous sites within the genome.\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.73 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.98, genetic association 0.29, somatic mutation 0.86). IntOGen calls it a driver in 3 cohorts (1 activating, 2 loss-of-function), covering Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9811","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9811"},{"label":"UniProt O60216","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O60216/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 5885","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5885"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000164754","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000164754"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["leukaemia","myeloproliferative-neoplasms","lung-cancer","aml","nsclc"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 1 cohort; IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 2 cohorts; UniProt keyword \"DNA repair\". Evidence tier \"cohort-driver\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"RAD21","role":["oncogene-driver","tumour-suppressor","dna-repair"],"evidenceTier":"cohort-driver","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9811","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9811","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt O60216","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O60216/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000164754","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000164754/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.73; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: acute myeloid leukaemia 0.60, myeloproliferative neoplasm 0.64, lung cancer 0.54, leukaemia 0.65 (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen RAD21","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=RAD21","note":"driver in 3 cohorts (Act 1, LoF 2); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9811","ensembl":"ENSG00000164754","uniprot":"O60216","entrez":"5885","biology":"As a member of the cohesin complex, involved in sister chromatid cohesion from the time of DNA replication in S phase to their segregation in mitosis, a function that is essential for proper chromosome segregation, post-replicative DNA repair, and the prevention of inappropriate recombination between repetitive regions. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. In interphase, cohesins may function in the control of gene expression by binding to numerous sites within the genome. May control RUNX1 gene expression. Binds to and represses APOB gene promoter. May play a role in embryonic gut development, possibly through the regulation of enteric neuron development. Location: Nucleus; Nucleus matrix; Chromosome; Chromosome, centromere (UniProt). Locus 8q24.11 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.65 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059)","Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Open Targets association 0.64 with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MONDO_0020076)","Lung cancer: Open Targets association 0.54 with lung cancer (MONDO_0008903)","Acute myeloid leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.60 with acute myeloid leukaemia (MONDO_0018874); IntOGen driver in 2 cohorts (AML)","Non-small-cell lung cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (LUSC)"],"targetClass":"transcription","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/rad21/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"aml","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","route":"/cancers/aml/"},{"id":"leukaemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Leukaemia (all types)","route":"/cancers/leukaemia/"},{"id":"lung-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Lung cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/lung-cancer/"},{"id":"myeloproliferative-neoplasms","kind":"cancer","name":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis)","route":"/cancers/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"}]}}