{"entity":{"id":"rejuv-access-fertility-preservation","kind":"technology","name":"Who gets told about fertility before treatment, and who does not","aka":[],"tldr":"Fertility preservation has to happen before treatment starts, which makes it the most time-critical part of recovery care and the easiest to miss. Published United States rates of even having the conversation range from 9 per cent to 75 per cent depending on where a young woman is treated.","summary":"The clinical content of fertility preservation is on the existing `fertility-preservation` record. This record is about who reaches it, because the gap between guideline and practice here is one of the widest measured anywhere on this front, and because the window closes.\n\nWhat the systematic review found. Twenty-five United States studies of access among female adolescents and young adults, all appraised as high quality and low risk of bias, were synthesised. \"Reported rates of FP discussions ranged from 9% to 75%, referrals or consultations with fertility specialists ranged from 0.9% to 57%, and completion of FP procedures ranged from 0.56% to 70.3%.\" A referral rate with a floor below one per cent and a ceiling above half tells you that the determining variable is the institution, not the patient.\n\nWhat predicts access. Facilitators were \"younger age, private insurance, nulliparity, higher socioeconomic status, certain cancer types, and more recent diagnosis year\". Barriers were \"non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, lower income, public insurance, and residence in rural or low-resource areas\". The direction of these is the same as every other gap in this file, with one addition specific to fertility: cancer type matters, so a young woman with a cancer whose treatment pathway has an established oncofertility referral is far more likely to be asked than one with a cancer where it is not routine.\n\nWhat works, and how far. \"Institutional interventions improved access but did not eliminate the underlying disparities.\" That sentence should be read carefully by anyone designing a pathway: an embedded referral protocol, a navigator or a standing order measurably raises the floor, and the people who were least likely to be referred before remain least likely afterwards.\n\nWhy the window matters more here than elsewhere. Every other service on this front can be offered late. Sperm banking has to happen before the first dose; ovarian stimulation takes around two weeks even with random-start protocols; ovarian tissue cryopreservation needs an operation. A conversation deferred until after treatment is a conversation that cannot be had. This is why fertility is the clearest test of whether a system does the time-critical supportive thing or only the easy one.\n\nWhat is not in these numbers. The review is United States-based and covers female adolescents and young adults; equivalent synthesised figures for men, for prepubertal children, for adults over 40 and for countries outside the United States were not sourced in this round. Male fertility preservation is cheaper, faster and simpler than female, and referral rates for men are widely reported as low, but we did not verify a figure for it here and so none is given.","status":"established","asOf":"2026-10-02","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncofertility","links":[{"label":"Algave et al., Fertility preservation access among female adolescents and young adults with cancer: a systematic review (Cancer 2026)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70486"}],"tags":["rejuvenation","survivorship","measurement","access","equity"],"related":["rejuv-access-what-it-costs-us","rejuv-access-what-it-costs-uk"],"cancers":["breast-hr-positive","hodgkin-lymphoma","all-leukemia","cervical","testicular"],"sections":["rejuvenation","supportive-care"],"technologies":["fertility-preservation","rejuv-access-who-misses-out","rejuv-paed-fertility-female","rejuv-paed-fertility-male","rejuv-tx-fertility-and-growth","rejuv-ayac-services"],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["aya-oncology","late-effects"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":["b-survivorship","b-care-fragmentation","b-knowledge-diffusion"],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"A time-critical referral that depends on an individual clinician remembering, in the consultation where a cancer diagnosis is given, will be made for the patients who most resemble the people who designed the pathway. Embedding it as a standing step raises the rate without equalising it, because the remaining variation sits upstream of the clinic.","strengths":["Access has been measured systematically and the determinants identified","Institutional interventions demonstrably raise referral rates","Guidelines have recommended discussion with every patient of reproductive age for nearly two decades"],"limitations":["Rates of even discussing it range from 9 to 75 per cent across studies","Race, income, insurance and rurality all predict access","Institutional fixes raise the floor without closing the gap","No synthesised figures sourced here for men, for children or outside the United States"]},"route":"/technologies/rejuv-access-fertility-preservation/","neighbours":{"technology":[{"id":"rejuv-paed-fertility-male","kind":"technology","name":"Fertility in boys and young men treated for cancer, including testicular tissue banking","route":"/technologies/rejuv-paed-fertility-male/"},{"id":"rejuv-paed-fertility-female","kind":"technology","name":"Fertility in girls and young women treated for cancer, including ovarian tissue freezing","route":"/technologies/rejuv-paed-fertility-female/"},{"id":"rejuv-tx-fertility-and-growth","kind":"technology","name":"Fertility, growth and what total body irradiation costs","route":"/technologies/rejuv-tx-fertility-and-growth/"},{"id":"fertility-preservation","kind":"technology","name":"Oncofertility and fertility preservation","route":"/technologies/fertility-preservation/"},{"id":"rejuv-ayac-services","kind":"technology","name":"Services built for teenagers and young adults, and what the national evaluation found","route":"/technologies/rejuv-ayac-services/"},{"id":"rejuv-access-what-it-costs-uk","kind":"technology","name":"What recovery costs in the UK, and what it does not","route":"/technologies/rejuv-access-what-it-costs-uk/"},{"id":"rejuv-access-what-it-costs-us","kind":"technology","name":"What recovery costs in the United States","route":"/technologies/rejuv-access-what-it-costs-us/"},{"id":"rejuv-access-who-misses-out","kind":"technology","name":"Who misses out on recovery care, measured","route":"/technologies/rejuv-access-who-misses-out/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"all-leukemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","route":"/cancers/all-leukemia/"},{"id":"cervical","kind":"cancer","name":"Cervical cancer","route":"/cancers/cervical/"},{"id":"hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Hodgkin lymphoma","route":"/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/"},{"id":"breast-hr-positive","kind":"cancer","name":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","route":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/"},{"id":"testicular","kind":"cancer","name":"Testicular germ cell tumours","route":"/cancers/testicular/"}],"section":[{"id":"rejuvenation","kind":"section","name":"Recovery & Rejuvenation","route":"/fronts/rejuvenation/"},{"id":"supportive-care","kind":"section","name":"Supportive Care & Survivorship","route":"/fronts/supportive-care/"}],"term":[{"id":"aya-oncology","kind":"term","name":"Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology","route":"/terms/aya-oncology/"},{"id":"late-effects","kind":"term","name":"Late effects and survivorship toxicity","route":"/terms/late-effects/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-care-fragmentation","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Fragmented care and guideline gaps","route":"/bottlenecks/b-care-fragmentation/"},{"id":"b-knowledge-diffusion","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Knowledge reaches practice too slowly","route":"/bottlenecks/b-knowledge-diffusion/"},{"id":"b-survivorship","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Survivorship and late effects are neglected","route":"/bottlenecks/b-survivorship/"}]}}