{"entity":{"id":"threshold-pharmaceuticals","kind":"company","name":"Threshold Pharmaceuticals","aka":["Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc."],"tldr":"Threshold developed evofosfamide, a drug switched on only in the oxygen-starved parts of tumours; two phase 3 trials in pancreatic cancer and sarcoma failed in 2015 and the company merged away.","summary":"Threshold Pharmaceuticals, founded in 2001 in San Francisco, pursued hypoxia-activated prodrugs, chiefly evofosfamide (TH-302), a bromo-isophosphoramide mustard released in hypoxic tumour tissue and partnered with Merck KGaA. The MAESTRO trial in pancreatic cancer and the TH CR-406 trial in soft tissue sarcoma both missed their survival endpoints in 2015; Threshold later merged with Molecular Templates. Its trials remain on ClinicalTrials.gov under Threshold as lead sponsor.","asOf":"2026-09-11","links":[{"label":"Official website","url":"http://www.thresholdpharm.com"},{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov: trials led by Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?lead=Threshold%20Pharmaceuticals%2C%20Inc."},{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30289027"}],"tags":["ctgov-sponsor"],"related":[],"cancers":["pancreatic","sarcoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":["hypoxia-activated-therapy"],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":["merck-kgaa"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["pivotal-trial","clinical-trial"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"notes":[],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo ingestion (ClinicalTrials.gov v2 + sponsor websites)","editedOn":"2026-09-11"},"hq":"San Francisco, CA","country":"US","companyType":"biotech","website":"http://www.thresholdpharm.com","founded":2001,"stage":"defunct","investors":[],"funding":[]},"route":"/companies/threshold-pharmaceuticals/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"pancreatic","kind":"cancer","name":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/pancreatic/"},{"id":"sarcoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)","route":"/cancers/sarcoma/"}],"technology":[{"id":"hypoxia-activated-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Hypoxia-activated prodrugs","route":"/technologies/hypoxia-activated-therapy/"}],"company":[{"id":"merck-kgaa","kind":"company","name":"Merck KGaA (EMD Serono)","route":"/companies/merck-kgaa/"}],"term":[{"id":"clinical-trial","kind":"term","name":"Clinical trial","route":"/terms/clinical-trial/"},{"id":"pivotal-trial","kind":"term","name":"Pivotal (registrational) trial","route":"/terms/pivotal-trial/"}]}}