{"entity":{"id":"time-dependent-auc","kind":"term","name":"Univariate Cox scores and time-dependent metrics","aka":["univariate Cox","univariate Cox score","Cox z-score","per-gene Cox","Breslow approximation","Breslow method for ties","Cox partial likelihood","proportional hazards assumption"],"tldr":"A univariate Cox model fits one gene at a time against survival and its z-score ranks genes by prognostic strength; the Breslow approximation is how the fit handles patients whose events fall on the same day.","summary":"Proportional hazards models relate the time before an event to covariates, with each covariate's effect multiplying the hazard (Wikipedia). Fitting one gene at a time across twenty thousand genes gives a marginal prognostic score per gene, a common feature-selection step that must be done inside the training fold; tied event times are handled by the Breslow or Efron approximations to the partial likelihood. The model assumes hazards stay proportional over time, which many cancer covariates violate.","asOf":"2026-09-24","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_hazards_model","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_hazards_model"}],"tags":["cansim-terms"],"related":["cancer-ai-vocabulary"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["hazard-ratio","concordance-index","censoring-and-events","kaplan-meier-curve"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Listed in the CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme; CanSim page path /terms/univariate-cox-score."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo CanSim terms wave (Wikipedia summaries, standards and project pages, GDC and FDA pages, Europe PMC)","editedOn":"2026-09-24","note":"CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme"},"category":"Methods and models"},"route":"/terms/time-dependent-auc/","neighbours":{"term":[{"id":"concordance-index","kind":"term","name":"C-index (concordance index), Harrell's and Uno's","route":"/terms/concordance-index/"},{"id":"cancer-ai-vocabulary","kind":"term","name":"Cancer AI vocabulary (CanSim terms map)","route":"/terms/cancer-ai-vocabulary/"},{"id":"censoring-and-events","kind":"term","name":"Censoring and events in survival data","route":"/terms/censoring-and-events/"},{"id":"hazard-ratio","kind":"term","name":"Hazard ratio (HR)","route":"/terms/hazard-ratio/"},{"id":"kaplan-meier-curve","kind":"term","name":"Kaplan-Meier curve, censoring and proportional hazards","route":"/terms/kaplan-meier-curve/"},{"id":"cross-entropy-mse","kind":"term","name":"Loss functions: cross-entropy and mean squared error","route":"/terms/cross-entropy-mse/"}]}}