{"entity":{"id":"txnrd1","kind":"target","name":"Thioredoxin reductase 1","aka":[],"tldr":"Thioredoxin reductase keeps cells' antioxidant defences charged; arsenic trioxide, the drug that cures most acute promyelocytic leukaemia with ATRA, inhibits it as one of its several actions.","summary":"Thioredoxin reductase 1 is a selenium-containing enzyme that recycles thioredoxin, a small protein that keeps other proteins reduced and protects against oxidative stress. Many cancers over-express it to survive their own high oxidant load. Arsenic trioxide binds the selenocysteine in the enzyme's active site and inhibits it, adding oxidative stress to its direct degradation of the PML-RARA fusion protein in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Gold compounds such as auranofin inhibit the same enzyme and are in trials for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and ovarian cancer.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioredoxin_reductase","links":[{"label":"UniProt Q16881: TXNRD1","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q16881/entry"},{"label":"HGNC:12437 TXNRD1","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:12437"},{"label":"ChEMBL target CHEMBL1927","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/target/CHEMBL1927"}],"tags":["chembl-gap"],"related":["rrm1"],"cancers":["aml","cll","ovarian"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["arsenic-trioxide"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"TXNRD1","biology":"A cytosolic flavoenzyme that uses NADPH to reduce thioredoxin; it supports DNA synthesis through ribonucleotide reductase and buffers reactive oxygen species.","whereFound":["All cells, highest in tumours with high oxidative metabolism","Acute promyelocytic leukaemia treated with arsenic trioxide"],"targetClass":"enzyme","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/txnrd1/","neighbours":{"target":[{"id":"gsr","kind":"target","name":"Glutathione reductase","route":"/targets/gsr/"},{"id":"rrm1","kind":"target","name":"Ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1)","route":"/targets/rrm1/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"aml","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","route":"/cancers/aml/"},{"id":"cll","kind":"cancer","name":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","route":"/cancers/cll/"},{"id":"ovarian","kind":"cancer","name":"Ovarian cancer","route":"/cancers/ovarian/"}],"drug":[{"id":"arsenic-trioxide","kind":"drug","name":"Arsenic trioxide","route":"/drugs/arsenic-trioxide/"}]}}