# OnCo record b-brain-delivery (bottleneck). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)". Whole corpus: https://onco.cc/api/v1/onco.nt
@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix onco: <https://onco.cc/ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-brain-delivery/>
  a schema:Thing ;
  onco:kind "bottleneck" ;
  schema:identifier "b-brain-delivery" ;
  schema:name "The brain: barrier and sanctuary"@en ;
  schema:description "The blood-brain barrier's tight junctions and efflux pumps keep antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and most kinase inhibitors out of the brain, so glioblastoma treatment has barely changed since 2005 and brain metastases, which develop in about a fifth of adults with cancer, are usually left to radiotherapy alone."@en ;
  schema:url <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-brain-delivery/> ;
  schema:dateModified "2026-09-08"^^xsd:date ;
  schema:citation <https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043330>, <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0055-y>, <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-019-0205-x> ;
  onco:related <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fus-plus-adc-glioma/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-neoadjuvant-io-glioblastoma/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cns-first-adc-strategy/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-mri-surveillance-replaces-pci/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-sonobiopsy/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-intraventricular-car-t/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-robotic-convection-delivery/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-transferrin-shuttle-adc/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-implanted-ultrasound-repeat-dosing/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-cns-cohort-mandate/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-csf-ctdna-monitoring/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-brain-exposure-disclosure/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-intranasal-delivery/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-blood-csf-barrier-model/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-fus-for-cell-entry/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-brain-penetrant-glue-degraders/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-brain-delivery-platform/> ;
  onco:cancers <https://onco.cc/cancers/glioblastoma/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/breast-her2-positive/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/nsclc/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/melanoma/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/sclc/> ;
  onco:technologies <https://onco.cc/technologies/bbb-focused-ultrasound/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/litt/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/glioma-car-t/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/ttfields/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/prophylactic-cranial-irradiation/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/sbrt/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/> ;
  onco:targets <https://onco.cc/targets/idh/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/egfr/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/her2/> ;
  onco:drugs <https://onco.cc/drugs/temozolomide/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/vorasidenib/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/tucatinib/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/optune/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/rindopepimut/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/dordaviprone/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/tovorafenib/> ;
  onco:companies <https://onco.cc/companies/insightec/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/novocure/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/servier/> ;
  onco:institutions <https://onco.cc/institutions/city-of-hope/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/stanford/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/mgh/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/heidelberg-nct/> ;
  onco:terms <https://onco.cc/terms/blood-brain-barrier/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/her2-brain-metastases/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/mgmt/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/egfrviii/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/h3k27m/> ;
  onco:trials <https://onco.cc/trials/eortc-26981/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/ef-14/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/indigo/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/her2climb/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-breast12/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-548/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/act-iv/> ;
  onco:keyPapers <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-arvanitis-nat-rev-cancer/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-achrol-nat-rev-dis-primers/> .