# OnCo record checkpoint-inhibitor (technology). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)". Whole corpus: https://onco.cc/api/v1/onco.nt
@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix onco: <https://onco.cc/ns#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/>
  a schema:MedicalTherapy ;
  onco:kind "technology" ;
  schema:identifier "checkpoint-inhibitor" ;
  schema:name "Immune checkpoint inhibitors"@en ;
  schema:description "Immune checkpoint inhibitors are antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 that release the brakes on T cells so they attack the cancer. They are approved in more than 20 tumour types and produce lasting, sometimes curative responses that chemotherapy rarely does, but most patients do not respond and autoimmune side effects are the cost."@en ;
  schema:url <https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/> ;
  schema:dateModified "2026-09-04"^^xsd:date ;
  schema:sameAs <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor> ;
  owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39086981> ;
  schema:citation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor>, <https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng122/chapter/Management>, <https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/pembrolizumab>, <https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/durvalumab>, <https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/atezolizumab>, <https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-05-282780>, <https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.66.4482>, <https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411087>, <https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.77.3994> ;
  onco:status "standard-of-care" ;
  onco:related <https://onco.cc/technologies/tigit-blockade/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/tim3-blockade/> ;
  onco:cancers <https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/lung-cancer/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/nsclc/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/sclc/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/> ;
  onco:sections <https://onco.cc/fronts/immunotherapy/> ;
  onco:targets <https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/pdl1/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/ctla4/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/lag3/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/tigit/> ;
  onco:drugs <https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/ipilimumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/atezolizumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/relatlimab-nivolumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/cemiplimab/> ;
  onco:companies <https://onco.cc/companies/compass-therapeutics/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/eris-biotech/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/onc-ai/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/ose-immunotherapeutics/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/persephone-biosciences/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/xilio-therapeutics/> ;
  onco:terms <https://onco.cc/terms/cps/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/tmb/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/msi/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/irae/> ;
  onco:trials <https://onco.cc/trials/rationale-302/> ;
  onco:people <https://onco.cc/people/lieping-chen/> ;
  onco:keyPapers <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ribas-wolchok-checkpoint-blockade-science-2018/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-chen-mellman-cancer-immunity-cycle-immunity-2013/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-le-mmr-deficiency-pd1-nejm-2015/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-overman-checkmate-142-nivolumab-dmmr-colorectal-lancet-oncol-2017/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-eng-imblaze370-atezolizumab-cobimetinib-colorectal-lancet-oncol-2019/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bullock-botensilimab-balstilimab-mss-colorectal-nat-med-2024/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-keynote-024-nejm-2016/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-herbst-impower110-atezolizumab-pd-l1-nejm-2020/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-checkmate-026-first-line-nivolumab-nejm-2017/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ricciuti-stk11-keap1-kras-immunotherapy-jto-2022/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-gay-sclc-subtypes-inflamed-cancer-cell-2021/> ;
  onco:journals <https://onco.cc/journals/cancer-immunology-immunotherapy/>, <https://onco.cc/journals/journal-of-immunotherapy/>, <https://onco.cc/journals/oncoimmunology/> ;
  onco:dependsOn <https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/> .