# OnCo record colorectal-roadmap (roadmap). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)". Whole corpus: https://onco.cc/api/v1/onco.nt
@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix onco: <https://onco.cc/ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<https://onco.cc/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/>
  a schema:CreativeWork ;
  onco:kind "roadmap" ;
  schema:identifier "colorectal-roadmap" ;
  schema:name "Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Colorectal cancer history"@en, "Bowel cancer roadmap"@en, "CRC evidence roadmap"@en, "Colon and rectal cancer roadmap"@en ;
  schema:description "Bowel cancer grows from a polyp over years, so removing the polyp prevents it. This roadmap follows the evidence from that discovery through the stool tests and scopes that built the screening programmes, the operation that changed rectal cancer, the chemotherapy and antibody era, immunotherapy that dissolves some tumours without surgery, and the unexplained rise in young adults, to 2032."@en ;
  schema:url <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/> ;
  schema:dateModified "2026-09-24"^^xsd:date ;
  schema:citation <https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng151>, <https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng12>, <https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/esmo-clinical-practice-guidelines-gastrointestinal-cancers>, <https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1428>, <https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1461>, <https://www.natcan.org.uk/audits/bowel/>, <https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05174169>, <https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05253651> ;
  onco:tag "colorectal", "gi", "roadmap", "colorectal-evidence" ;
  onco:related <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/early-detection-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/surgery-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/chemotherapy-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/immunotherapy-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/kras-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/ctdna-tests/>, <https://onco.cc/pairings/neoadjuvant-io-dmmr/>, <https://onco.cc/pairings/anti-egfr-left-sided/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-ctdna-guided-adjuvant-crc/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-immunotherapy-mss-crc/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-early-onset-cause-hunt/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-screening-uptake-and-age-extension/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-ctdna-de-escalation-beyond-stage-ii/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-organ-preservation-randomised-in-pmmr-rectal/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-mss-immunotherapy-by-biomarker-not-by-line/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-peritoneal-disease-found-early-and-treated-in-networks/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-exercise-as-a-funded-treatment/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-uk-colonoscopy-capacity-and-fit-threshold/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-uk-young-patient-referral-and-diagnostic-interval/> ;
  onco:cancers <https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/colon-cancer/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/msi-high-colorectal/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/braf-v600e-colorectal/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/her2-amplified-colorectal/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/kras-g12c-colorectal/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/early-onset-colorectal/> ;
  onco:sections <https://onco.cc/fronts/early-detection/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/prevention/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/surgery/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/radiation/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/chemotherapy/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/targeted-therapy/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/immunotherapy/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/diagnostics/> ;
  onco:technologies <https://onco.cc/technologies/colorectal-screening/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/colonoscopy/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/liquid-biopsy/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/mrd-testing/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/signatera/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/kras-inhibitors/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/radiotherapy/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/hipec/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/wes-wgs/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/exercise-oncology/> ;
  onco:targets <https://onco.cc/targets/apc/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/kras/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/braf/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/tp53/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/egfr/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/her2/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/ctla4/> ;
  onco:drugs <https://onco.cc/drugs/fluorouracil/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/oxaliplatin/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/irinotecan/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/folfiri/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/bevacizumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/cetuximab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/panitumumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/trifluridine-tipiracil/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/encorafenib/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/tucatinib/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/sotorasib/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/botensilimab/> ;
  onco:companies <https://onco.cc/companies/merck/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/bms/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/amgen/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/pfizer/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/servier/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/gsk/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/natera/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/unicancer/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/alliance-oncology/> ;
  onco:institutions <https://onco.cc/institutions/esmo/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/nice/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/cruk/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/mskcc/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/nki/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/johns-hopkins/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/ncc-japan/>, <https://onco.cc/institutions/iarc/> ;
  onco:pathways <https://onco.cc/pathways/wnt/>, <https://onco.cc/pathways/ras-mapk/>, <https://onco.cc/pathways/microbiome-tumour/> ;
  onco:terms <https://onco.cc/terms/msi/>, <https://onco.cc/targets/mmr/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/sidedness/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/cms-subtypes/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/lynch-syndrome/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/fit-test/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/ctdna/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/mrd/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/total-mesorectal-excision/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/organ-preservation/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/clinical-complete-response/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/total-neoadjuvant-therapy/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/folfox-family/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/gut-microbiome-diversity/> ;
  onco:trials <https://onco.cc/trials/nordicc/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-177/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-8hw/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/niche-2/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/atomic/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/azur-1/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/breakwater/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/paradigm/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/crystal-fire3/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/beacon-crc/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/mountaineer/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/codebreak-300/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/rapido/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/prodige-23/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/opra/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/dynamic/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/circulate-japan/> ;
  onco:people <https://onco.cc/people/bert-vogelstein/>, <https://onco.cc/people/thierry-andre/>, <https://onco.cc/people/andrea-cercek/>, <https://onco.cc/people/myriam-chalabi/>, <https://onco.cc/people/julio-garcia-aguilar/>, <https://onco.cc/people/scott-kopetz/>, <https://onco.cc/people/eric-van-cutsem/>, <https://onco.cc/people/jeanne-tie/>, <https://onco.cc/people/michael-bretthauer/>, <https://onco.cc/people/dung-le/> ;
  onco:bottlenecks <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-early-detection/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-prevention-adoption/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-immunotherapy-response/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-dormancy-mrd/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-resistance/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-surgery-radiation-innovation/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-toxicity-qol/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-workforce/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-care-fragmentation/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-global-access/> ;
  onco:keyPapers <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-vogelstein-genetic-alterations-colorectal-tumor-development-nejm-1988/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tcga-colon-rectal-molecular-characterization-nature-2012/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cms-guinney-nat-med-2015/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-zauber-national-polyp-study-colonoscopic-polypectomy-nejm-2012/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-atkin-flexible-sigmoidoscopy-17-year-follow-up-lancet-2017/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bretthauer-nordicc-colonoscopy-screening-nejm-2022/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-heald-mesorectum-rectal-cancer-surgery-br-j-surg-1982/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kapiteijn-dutch-tme-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-2001/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mosaic-oxaliplatin-adjuvant-colon-nejm-2004/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-idea-duration-adjuvant-stage-iii-colon-nejm-2018/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-van-cutsem-crystal-cetuximab-folfiri-nejm-2009/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-arnold-primary-tumour-side-ras-wild-type-ann-oncol-2017/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-le-pd1-blockade-mismatch-repair-deficiency-nejm-2015/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-andre-keynote-177-pembrolizumab-msi-high-nejm-2020/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cercek-nonoperative-management-mismatch-repair-deficient-tumours-nejm-2025/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kopetz-beacon-encorafenib-braf-colorectal-nejm-2019/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tie-dynamic-ctdna-guided-adjuvant-stage-ii-colon-nejm-2022/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-garcia-aguilar-opra-organ-preservation-jco-2022/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-siegel-colorectal-incidence-birth-cohort-jnci-2017/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-diaz-gay-colibactin-geographic-age-mutational-processes-nature-2025/> .
