# OnCo record ctdna-tests (roadmap). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)". Whole corpus: https://onco.cc/api/v1/onco.nt
@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix onco: <https://onco.cc/ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<https://onco.cc/roadmaps/ctdna-tests/>
  a schema:CreativeWork ;
  onco:kind "roadmap" ;
  schema:identifier "ctdna-tests" ;
  schema:name "ctDNA tests roadmap: from a curiosity in plasma to blood tests that decide treatment"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Liquid biopsy roadmap"@en, "MRD testing roadmap"@en, "Multi-cancer early detection roadmap"@en ;
  schema:description "Blood carries fragments of tumour DNA. This roadmap follows the tests that read them, from the first sighting in 1948 to blood tests that now choose a drug, spare chemotherapy, or screen for many cancers at once, and it lists the readouts to watch next."@en ;
  schema:url <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/ctdna-tests/> ;
  schema:dateModified "2026-09-21"^^xsd:date ;
  schema:citation <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/18875018>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/837366>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/18670422>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/23484797>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/24553385>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/27384348>, <https://www.aacr.org/blog/2016/06/06/fda-approval-liquid-biopsy-test-lung-cancer/>, <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P150044>, <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P200010>, <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P190032>, <https://www.natera.com/company/news/natera-receives-final-medicare-coverage-for-its-signatera-mrd-test-in-stage-ii-iii-colorectal-cancer-2/>, <https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/article.aspx?articleId=58456>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35657320>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40055522>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36646802>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33931919>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42260101>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41124204>, <https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-atezolizumab-adjuvant-treatment-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-patients-molecular>, <https://europepmc.org/article/MED/37805216>, <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P230009>, <https://grail.com/press-releases/grail-reports-full-results-from-nhs-galleri-trial-demonstrating-substantial-reduction-in-stage-iv-cancer-diagnoses-at-2026-asco-annual-meeting/>, <https://grail.com/press-releases/grail-presents-pathfinder-2-results-of-more-than-35000-participants-showing-the-galleri-test-substantially-increased-cancer-detection-with-robust-performance-and-favorable-safety-at-2026-a/>, <https://grail.com/press-releases/grail-announces-fda-advisory-committee-meeting-to-review-premarket-approval-application-for-the-galleri-multi-cancer-early-detection-test/>, <https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06995898>, <https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05174169>, <https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04050345>, <https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04660344>, <https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05155605> ;
  onco:tag "ctdna", "liquid-biopsy", "mrd", "mced" ;
  onco:related <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/diagnostics-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/early-detection-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/cure-paths/>, <https://onco.cc/pairings/ctdna-mrd-to-adjuvant/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-ctdna-guided-adjuvant-crc/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-ctdna-mrd-qualification/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-mrd-coverage-with-evidence/>, <https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-mced-positive-resolution-pathway/> ;
  onco:sections <https://onco.cc/fronts/diagnostics/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/early-detection/> ;
  onco:technologies <https://onco.cc/technologies/liquid-biopsy/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/mrd-testing/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/mced/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/cfdna-methylation-testing/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/fragmentomics/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/continuous-ctdna-monitoring/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/methylation-profiling/>, <https://onco.cc/technologies/companion-diagnostic/> ;
  onco:drugs <https://onco.cc/drugs/cobas-egfr-mutation-test/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/guardant360-cdx/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/foundationone-cdx/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/signatera/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/guardant-reveal/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/radar-mrd/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/galleri/>, <https://onco.cc/drugs/shield/> ;
  onco:companies <https://onco.cc/companies/roche-genentech/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/guardant-health/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/foundation-medicine/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/natera/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/grail/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/exact-sciences/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/freenome/>, <https://onco.cc/companies/delfi-diagnostics/> ;
  onco:terms <https://onco.cc/terms/cfdna/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/ctdna/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/mrd/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/tumour-informed-assay/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/de-escalation/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/stage-shift/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/ppv/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/surrogate-validation/> ;
  onco:trials <https://onco.cc/trials/dynamic/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/circulate-japan/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/imvigor011/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/tracc/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/bespoke-crc/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/mermaid-1/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/mermaid-2/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/circulate-us/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/pathfinder-2/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/nhs-galleri/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/eclipse-shield/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/vanguard-study/> ;
  onco:people <https://onco.cc/people/nitzan-rosenfeld/>, <https://onco.cc/people/dawson-sarah-jane/>, <https://onco.cc/people/nickolas-papadopoulos/>, <https://onco.cc/people/alberto-bardelli/>, <https://onco.cc/people/jeanne-tie/>, <https://onco.cc/people/thomas-powles/>, <https://onco.cc/people/deb-schrag/>, <https://onco.cc/people/peter-sasieni/>, <https://onco.cc/people/klaus-pantel/> ;
  onco:bottlenecks <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-dormancy-mrd/> ;
  onco:keyPapers <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-dynamic-nejm-2022/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-galaxy-signatera-nat-med-2023/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-imvigor011-nejm-2025/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-pathfinder-lancet-2023/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nhs-galleri-design-cancers-2022/> .