# OnCo record paper-catalona-psa-screening-test-nejm-1991 (paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)". Whole corpus: https://onco.cc/api/v1/onco.nt
@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix onco: <https://onco.cc/ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-catalona-psa-screening-test-nejm-1991/>
  a schema:ScholarlyArticle ;
  onco:kind "paper" ;
  schema:identifier "paper-catalona-psa-screening-test-nejm-1991" ;
  schema:name "Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Catalona 1991"@en, "PSA screening 1991"@en, "PSA 4.0 threshold"@en ;
  schema:description "This is where the number 4.0 came from. Screening 1,653 healthy men over 50 with a blood test and biopsying those above that level found cancers that a finger examination would have missed, and the threshold entered practice worldwide."@en ;
  schema:url <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-catalona-psa-screening-test-nejm-1991/> ;
  schema:dateModified "2026-09-25"^^xsd:date ;
  schema:citation <https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199104253241702>, <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1707140/> ;
  onco:tag "prostate-evidence" ;
  schema:sameAs <https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199104253241702> ;
  schema:datePublished "1991"^^xsd:gYear ;
  schema:author "Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ratliff TL, et al." ;
  onco:related <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-stamey-psa-serum-marker-nejm-1987/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-schroder-erspc-screening-mortality-nejm-2009/>, <https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-andriole-plco-prostate-screening-nejm-2009/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/early-detection-roadmap/>, <https://onco.cc/roadmaps/prostate-roadmap/> ;
  onco:cancers <https://onco.cc/cancers/prostate/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/prostate-low-risk/>, <https://onco.cc/cancers/prostate-intermediate-risk/> ;
  onco:sections <https://onco.cc/fronts/early-detection/>, <https://onco.cc/fronts/diagnostics/> ;
  onco:terms <https://onco.cc/terms/psa/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/screening/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/number-needed-to-screen/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/lead-time-bias/> ;
  onco:bottlenecks <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-early-detection/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-overdiagnosis/>, <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-prevention-adoption/> ;
  onco:journals <https://onco.cc/journals/nejm/> .