# OnCo record trial-failure-modes (term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)". Whole corpus: https://onco.cc/api/v1/onco.nt
@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix onco: <https://onco.cc/ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<https://onco.cc/terms/trial-failure-modes/>
  a schema:DefinedTerm ;
  onco:kind "term" ;
  schema:identifier "trial-failure-modes" ;
  schema:name "Why trials fail: underpowered, wrong endpoint, control arm drift, subgroup fishing, crossover"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "trial failure"@en, "failed trial"@en, "failed trials"@en, "negative trial"@en, "negative trials"@en, "why trials fail"@en, "why the trial failed"@en, "underpowered"@en, "underpowered trial"@en, "wrong endpoint"@en, "wrong comparator"@en, "control arm drift"@en, "control arm underperformed"@en, "control arm outperformed"@en, "control arm did better than expected"@en, "historical control comparison"@en, "regression to the mean"@en, "winner's curse"@en, "subgroup fishing"@en, "cherry-picked subgroup"@en, "post-hoc subgroup"@en, "crossover contamination"@en, "contamination"@en, "diluted effect"@en, "treatment dilution"@en, "non-adherence"@en, "poor adherence"@en, "dropout"@en, "loss to follow-up"@en, "lost to follow-up"@en, "immature data"@en, "did not replicate"@en, "failed to replicate"@en, "phase 2 signal did not hold"@en, "informative censoring"@en, "technically negative"@en ;
  schema:description "Trials fail for a short list of reasons that recur: too few patients for the real effect, an endpoint that does not track what matters, a control arm that did better than the planners assumed, a benefit that was only ever a subgroup illusion, and control patients receiving the experimental drug anyway."@en ;
  schema:url <https://onco.cc/terms/trial-failure-modes/> ;
  schema:dateModified "2026-09-17"^^xsd:date ;
  schema:sameAs <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_bias> ;
  schema:citation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_bias>, <https://www.consort-statement.org/>, <https://www.ich.org/page/efficacy-guidelines> ;
  onco:related <https://onco.cc/terms/sample-size-re-estimation/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/surrogate-validation/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/control-arm/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/external-control-arm/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/subgroup-analysis/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/prespecified-vs-post-hoc/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/crossover/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/non-inferiority-margin/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/intention-to-treat/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/statistical-significance/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/kaplan-meier-curve/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/confirmatory-trial/>, <https://onco.cc/terms/trial-protocol/> ;
  onco:sections <https://onco.cc/fronts/drug-discovery/> ;
  onco:trials <https://onco.cc/trials/dream3r/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/ukctocs/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/tropion-breast01/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-0617/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/act-iv/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/convert/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/announce/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/atlantis/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/progesterone-preop-tmh/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/vision/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/therap/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/codebreak-200/>, <https://onco.cc/trials/belinda/> ;
  onco:bottlenecks <https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-trial-design/> .