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Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2009"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2009}},{"id":"ambulatory-chemotherapy-pumps","name":"Ambulatory and elastomeric pumps for home chemotherapy (CADD-Solis, Curlin, Sapphire, Avoset, SMARTeZ)","tldr":"Small pumps carried in a bag or pocket that keep chemotherapy running into a port or PICC line for one or two days at home, for example the 46-hour fluorouracil infusion used for bowel cancer.","route":"/technologies/ambulatory-chemotherapy-pumps/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ambulatory-chemotherapy-pumps","sections":["chemotherapy","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"atos-medical","name":"Atos Medical","tldr":"Atos Medical makes the Provox voice prostheses and the filters, tubes and covers people use after their voice box is removed.","route":"/companies/atos-medical/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"Horby, SE","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"tumour-marker-immunoassay-analysers","name":"Automated analysers for tumour-marker blood tests (Elecsys, Atellica, Access, VITROS, Lumipulse)","tldr":"The laboratory machines that measure tumour markers such as PSA, CEA and CA 15-3 in a blood sample. Each test is cleared by the FDA for a named analyser.","route":"/technologies/tumour-marker-immunoassay-analysers/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"tumour-marker-immunoassay-analysers","sections":["diagnostics","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Colorectal cancer","Breast cancer"],"year":["2000"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. 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Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2000"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2000}},{"id":"automated-breast-ultrasound","name":"Automated breast ultrasound (Invenia ABUS) and ultrasound tomography (SoftVue)","tldr":"A breast ultrasound done by a machine that sweeps the whole breast in a few passes, used alongside mammograms in women with dense breasts. It finds extra cancers but also leads to more call-backs for things that turn out not to be cancer.","route":"/technologies/automated-breast-ultrasound/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"automated-breast-ultrasound","sections":["early-detection","imaging","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2012"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2012"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2012}},{"id":"breast-implant-illness","name":"Breast implant illness (systemic symptoms with breast implants)","tldr":"Some people with breast implants report tiredness, memory problems, rashes and joint pain that they call breast implant illness. The FDA says these symptoms and their cause are poorly understood, and that removal without replacement has been reported to help some people.","route":"/terms/breast-implant-illness/","kind":"term","schematic":{"id":"breast-implants","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"breast-implants","name":"Breast implants for reconstruction (silicone gel, saline and shaped cohesive gel)","tldr":"Implants filled with silicone gel or salt water used to rebuild a breast after mastectomy. They are not lifetime devices: some need replacing, and the FDA requires a warning and a checklist that patients read before agreeing to them.","route":"/technologies/breast-implants/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"breast-implants","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma"],"year":["2000"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/breast-implant-associated-alcl/","tip":"A rare lymphoma that grows in the scar capsule the body forms around a breast implant, usually many years after the operation, and usually shows itself as sudden swelling of the breast from fluid around the implant. It is linked to textured implants, and when it is confined to the capsule it is usually cured by removing the implant and the capsule whole."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2000"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2000}},{"id":"breast-lesion-localisation","name":"Breast lesion localisation markers (wire, magnetic seed, radar reflector, RFID tag)","tldr":"When a breast cancer is too small to feel, a radiologist places a marker in it before surgery so the surgeon can find it. The marker used to be a fine wire; now it is often a tiny seed or tag that a probe detects during the operation.","route":"/technologies/breast-lesion-localisation/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"breast-lesion-localisation","sections":["surgery","imaging","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"breast-tissue-expanders","name":"Breast tissue expanders (saline and carbon dioxide)","tldr":"A temporary empty implant placed at mastectomy and gradually filled over weeks to stretch the skin, so that a permanent implant can be put in later.","route":"/technologies/breast-tissue-expanders/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"breast-tissue-expanders","sections":["surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"catheter-lock-solutions","name":"Catheter lock solutions (heparin, taurolidine and DefenCath)","tldr":"A small volume of liquid left inside a central line or port between uses to stop it clotting and, in some products, to kill bacteria. The one American antimicrobial lock approved so far is licensed only for kidney dialysis lines, not cancer lines.","route":"/technologies/catheter-lock-solutions/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"catheter-lock-solutions","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"catheter-securement-devices","name":"Catheter securement devices and dressings (SecurAcath, Tegaderm CHG)","tldr":"Ways of holding a PICC or central line in place without stitches: a small anchor that sits just under the skin, or a see-through dressing containing an antiseptic gel that also helps keep infection away.","route":"/technologies/catheter-securement-devices/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"catheter-securement-devices","sections":["chemotherapy","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"coloplast","name":"Coloplast","tldr":"Coloplast makes stoma bags, skin care and continence products. It is the largest stoma product supplier on the NHS prescription list for England by number of product lines.","route":"/companies/coloplast/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"Humlebaek, DK","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"colostomy-irrigation","name":"Colostomy irrigation systems","tldr":"A way for some people with a colostomy to empty the bowel with water through the stoma once a day or every other day, so that they need only a small cap or patch in between instead of a bag.","route":"/technologies/colostomy-irrigation/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"colostomy-irrigation","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"convatec","name":"ConvaTec","tldr":"ConvaTec makes stoma bags and skin care products, including the Esteem and Natura lines, alongside wound and infusion care products.","route":"/companies/convatec/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"Greensboro, NC, US","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"image-guided-percutaneous-robots","name":"CT-guided needle robots and percutaneous navigation (XACT ACE, Epione, MICROMATE, CAS-One IR)","tldr":"Robots and navigation systems that plan the path of a biopsy or ablation needle on a CT scan and then hold, aim or steer the needle along it, to reach small targets in the lung, liver or kidney with fewer adjustments.","route":"/technologies/image-guided-percutaneous-robots/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"image-guided-percutaneous-robots","sections":["imaging","surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"digital-pcr-platforms","name":"Digital PCR and BCR::ABL1 monitoring kits (QXDx, Fastplex, Xpert BCR-ABL Ultra)","tldr":"Tests that count copies of a cancer gene in a blood sample, used most in chronic myeloid leukaemia to measure how far the BCR::ABL1 signal has fallen on treatment. Digital PCR splits the sample into thousands of droplets and counts the positive ones.","route":"/technologies/digital-pcr-platforms/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"digital-pcr-platforms","sections":["diagnostics","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Chronic myeloid leukaemia"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cml/","tip":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a blood cancer driven by a single fused gene, BCR-ABL1, and the model for oncogene-targeted treatment: imatinib in 2001 and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors that followed turned it into a condition most people live with long-term. About half of patients with a sustained deep molecular response can now stop treatment altogether."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"needleless-connector-disinfecting-caps","name":"Disinfecting caps for needleless connectors (Curos)","tldr":"A small cap soaked in alcohol that screws onto the end of a central line between uses, meant to keep the connector clean and lower the chance of a line infection.","route":"/technologies/needleless-connector-disinfecting-caps/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"needleless-connector-disinfecting-caps","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2019"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2019"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2019}},{"id":"drug-eluting-beads","name":"Drug-eluting beads for chemoembolisation (DC Bead, LC Bead, HepaSphere, ONCOZENE, CalliSpheres, LifePearl)","tldr":"Beads that soak up a chemotherapy drug before they are injected into the liver's arteries, then block the tumour's blood supply and release the drug slowly inside it. In a randomised trial they did not beat the older oil-based method overall, though some groups of patients responded better.","route":"/technologies/drug-eluting-beads/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"drug-eluting-beads","sections":["surgery","chemotherapy","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Hepatocellular carcinoma","Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. 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Without a drug they are called bland embolisation; the same beads can carry chemotherapy in some countries.","route":"/technologies/embolic-microspheres/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"embolic-microspheres","sections":["surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"barretts-radiofrequency-ablation","name":"Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's oesophagus (Barrx HALO)","tldr":"Heat delivered through an endoscope to burn away the abnormal lining of the gullet in Barrett's oesophagus with dysplasia, the change that can lead to oesophageal adenocarcinoma, so normal lining grows back.","route":"/technologies/barretts-radiofrequency-ablation/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"barretts-radiofrequency-ablation","sections":["early-detection","surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma","Oesophageal cancer"],"year":["2012"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/oesophageal-adenocarcinoma/","tip":"Adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus and junction grows out of Barrett's oesophagus, the change in the lining caused by long-standing acid reflux. Chemotherapy or chemoradiation before surgery is standard, and HER2, PD-L1 and claudin 18.2 now guide drugs for advanced disease as they do in stomach cancer."},{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2012"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2012}},{"id":"enteral-feeding-pumps","name":"Enteral feeding pumps and enteral-specific connectors","tldr":"A small pump that runs liquid feed through a feeding tube at a steady rate, used at home by people who cannot eat enough after head and neck or gullet cancer treatment.","route":"/technologies/enteral-feeding-pumps/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"enteral-feeding-pumps","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Oesophageal cancer"],"year":["2022"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."},{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2022"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2022}},{"id":"establishment-labs","name":"Establishment Labs (Motiva)","tldr":"Establishment Labs makes Motiva breast implants and tissue expanders, approved in the United States in 2024.","route":"/companies/establishment-labs/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"Coyol, Alajuela, CR","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"external-breast-prostheses","name":"External breast prostheses, mastectomy bras and nipple prostheses","tldr":"A breast form worn inside a bra after mastectomy instead of, or before, reconstruction. They come in silicone, foam and fibre, stick-on and pocket versions, and as stick-on nipples; American insurers cover replacements on a set schedule.","route":"/technologies/external-breast-prostheses/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"external-breast-prostheses","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"transperineal-prostate-biopsy-devices","name":"Freehand transperineal prostate biopsy devices (PrecisionPoint and others)","tldr":"Needle guides that let a prostate biopsy be taken through the skin behind the scrotum under local anaesthetic, instead of through the back passage. NICE recommends them as an option.","route":"/technologies/transperineal-prostate-biopsy-devices/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"transperineal-prostate-biopsy-devices","sections":["diagnostics","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"haematology-analysers","name":"Haematology analysers and digital blood film and marrow morphology (Sysmex XN, DxH 900, CellaVision, Scopio)","tldr":"The machines that count blood cells for the full blood count checked before every chemotherapy cycle, and cameras with software that find and sort cells on a blood or bone marrow slide for a specialist to review.","route":"/technologies/haematology-analysers/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"haematology-analysers","sections":["diagnostics","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Acute myeloid leukaemia","Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms","Multiple myeloma"],"year":["2014"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."},{"label":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cll/","tip":"A slow leukaemia that no longer needs chemotherapy: BTK inhibitors and venetoclax control it for years, often in fixed-duration courses."},{"label":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms","href":"/cancers/mds/","tip":"Bone-marrow disorders where blood cells are made badly and too few reach the blood; a third progress to acute leukaemia. Treatment ranges from transfusions and growth factors to hypomethylating drugs and, for the fit, transplant."},{"label":"Multiple myeloma","href":"/cancers/multiple-myeloma/","tip":"Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2014"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2014}},{"id":"laryngectomy-stoma-care-devices","name":"Heat and moisture exchangers, laryngectomy tubes and stoma protectors","tldr":"Small filters worn over the breathing hole in the neck after the voice box is removed. They warm, moisten and clean the air the nose used to, and covers and guards keep water and dust out when showering or outdoors.","route":"/technologies/laryngectomy-stoma-care-devices/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"laryngectomy-stoma-care-devices","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer","Hypopharyngeal cancer"],"year":["2008"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer","href":"/cancers/laryngeal-cancer/","tip":"Cancer of the voice box, a head and neck cancer, announces itself with hoarseness and is highly curable when caught early, by laser surgery or radiotherapy that preserve the voice. Advanced disease is treated with chemoradiation to keep the larynx where possible, with total laryngectomy for the most extensive tumours or when other treatment fails."},{"label":"Hypopharyngeal cancer","href":"/cancers/hypopharyngeal-cancer/","tip":"Cancer of the hypopharynx, the funnel behind the voice box, is the head and neck cancer with the worst outlook because it grows silently and spreads to the neck early. Treatment is chemoradiation to keep the larynx where possible, or removal of the larynx and pharynx with reconstruction for the most extensive tumours."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2008"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2008}},{"id":"hollister","name":"Hollister","tldr":"Hollister makes stoma bags and skin barriers, including the Moderma Flex and CeraPlus lines.","route":"/companies/hollister/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"Libertyville, IL, US","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hepatic-arterial-infusion-pump","name":"Implanted hepatic artery infusion pump (Intera 3000)","tldr":"A pump about the size of a hockey puck placed under the skin of the abdomen during an operation, with a tube into the artery feeding the liver. It sends chemotherapy straight to tumours in the liver and is refilled through the skin every few weeks.","route":"/technologies/hepatic-arterial-infusion-pump/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"hepatic-arterial-infusion-pump","sections":["chemotherapy","surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma"],"year":["1996"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma starts in the small bile ducts inside the liver and usually appears as a liver mass rather than causing jaundice. It is the biliary cancer with the most drug targets: FGFR2 fusions treated with pemigatinib or futibatinib, IDH1 mutations with ivosidenib, and for everyone chemotherapy with the immunotherapy durvalumab or pembrolizumab."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1996"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":1996}},{"id":"intrathecal-drug-delivery-pumps","name":"Implanted intrathecal drug delivery pumps for cancer pain (SynchroMed, Prometra)","tldr":"A pump placed under the skin of the abdomen that delivers tiny doses of pain medicine directly into the fluid around the spinal cord, for cancer pain that tablets and patches do not control.","route":"/technologies/intrathecal-drug-delivery-pumps/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"intrathecal-drug-delivery-pumps","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["1988"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1988"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":1988}},{"id":"implanted-ports","name":"Implanted ports for chemotherapy (port-a-cath, power-injectable, apheresis and intraperitoneal ports)","tldr":"A port is a small disc placed under the skin of the chest or arm with a thin tube running into a large vein. Nurses reach it through the skin with a special needle, so chemotherapy and blood tests do not need a new needle in an arm vein every time.","route":"/technologies/implanted-ports/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"implanted-ports","sections":["chemotherapy","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","Colorectal cancer","Ovarian cancer"],"year":["1987"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1987"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":1987}},{"id":"indwelling-peritoneal-catheters","name":"Indwelling peritoneal catheters for malignant ascites (PeritX, Rocket, Aspira, Passio)","tldr":"A tube tunnelled into the tummy so fluid that builds up because of cancer can be drained at home in small amounts, instead of coming into hospital for a large drain each time.","route":"/technologies/indwelling-peritoneal-catheters/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"indwelling-peritoneal-catheters","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Ovarian cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"indwelling-pleural-catheters","name":"Indwelling pleural catheters for malignant pleural effusion (PleurX, Rocket, Aspira, Passio)","tldr":"A soft tube tunnelled under the skin into the chest, left in place so fluid that keeps building up around the lung can be drained at home, easing breathlessness without repeated hospital visits.","route":"/technologies/indwelling-pleural-catheters/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"indwelling-pleural-catheters","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Mesothelioma","Non-small-cell lung cancer","Breast cancer"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Mesothelioma","href":"/cancers/mesothelioma/","tip":"An asbestos-caused cancer of the lung lining. Immunotherapy doublets replaced chemotherapy in 2020, and mesothelin CAR-T is under study."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"m-protein-laboratory-analysers","name":"M-protein analysers: mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and free light chain assays (EXENT, Capillarys, Freelite)","tldr":"The laboratory machines that find and measure the abnormal antibody (M-protein) made by myeloma cells in a blood sample, used to diagnose myeloma and related conditions and to follow treatment.","route":"/technologies/m-protein-laboratory-analysers/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"m-protein-laboratory-analysers","sections":["diagnostics","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Multiple myeloma","Waldenström macroglobulinaemia"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Multiple myeloma","href":"/cancers/multiple-myeloma/","tip":"Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC."},{"label":"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia","href":"/cancers/waldenstrom/","tip":"A slow lymphoma that makes an abnormal IgM antibody, causing thick blood, anaemia and nerve damage. Nearly all cases share one mutation (MYD88 L265P), and BTK inhibitors control it for years."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"magnetic-sentinel-node-tracer","name":"Magnetic tracer for sentinel lymph node biopsy (Magtrace and Sentimag)","tldr":"An iron oxide liquid injected into the breast that travels to the first lymph nodes, where a magnetic probe finds them during surgery. It does the job of the radioactive tracer without radioactivity.","route":"/technologies/magnetic-sentinel-node-tracer/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"magnetic-sentinel-node-tracer","sections":["surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"tace-delivery-microcatheters","name":"Microcatheters for tumour embolisation (balloon-occlusion and pressure-enabled delivery)","tldr":"Special thin catheters used to deliver beads or chemotherapy into liver arteries. A small balloon or valve at the tip stops material flowing backwards into healthy branches and changes the pressure so more reaches the tumour.","route":"/technologies/tace-delivery-microcatheters/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"tace-delivery-microcatheters","sections":["surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"prostate-fusion-biopsy-systems","name":"MRI-ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy systems (UroNav, Artemis, KOELIS Trinity, Mona Lisa)","tldr":"Software that lays the prostate MRI over the live ultrasound picture during a biopsy, so the needle can be aimed at the area the MRI flagged. NICE found too little evidence to recommend it for routine use over the doctor fusing the images by eye.","route":"/technologies/prostate-fusion-biopsy-systems/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"prostate-fusion-biopsy-systems","sections":["diagnostics","imaging","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"nipple-areola-tattooing","name":"Nipple and areola tattooing after breast surgery","tldr":"Tattooing colour onto a rebuilt breast to create the look of an areola and nipple, usually done some months after reconstruction is finished.","route":"/technologies/nipple-areola-tattooing/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"nipple-areola-tattooing","sections":["surgery","supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"huber-needles-port-access","name":"Non-coring (Huber) needles for port access","tldr":"The bent needle a nurse pushes through the skin into an implanted port. Its tip is shaped so it slices rather than punches the port's rubber seal, which lets the seal close again after thousands of uses.","route":"/technologies/huber-needles-port-access/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"huber-needles-port-access","sections":["chemotherapy","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2021"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2021"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2021}},{"id":"ostomy-support-garments","name":"Ostomy belts and parastomal hernia support garments","tldr":"Belts, pants and wraps that support the tummy around a stoma, worn to hold the bag securely or to support a bulge (parastomal hernia) that can develop next to a stoma.","route":"/technologies/ostomy-support-garments/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ostomy-support-garments","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"pca-pumps","name":"Patient-controlled analgesia pumps","tldr":"A pump that lets a person in pain give themselves a small, pre-set dose of pain relief by pressing a button, with a lock-out so they cannot take too much.","route":"/technologies/pca-pumps/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"pca-pumps","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"picc-lines","name":"Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC lines)","tldr":"A long thin tube put in through a vein in the upper arm so that its tip lies near the heart. It stays in for weeks or months, so chemotherapy can be given and blood taken without repeated needles.","route":"/technologies/picc-lines/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"picc-lines","sections":["chemotherapy","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","Colorectal cancer","Acute myeloid leukaemia"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"picc-tip-location-systems","name":"PICC tip location systems (Sherlock 3CG, SmartPICC)","tldr":"Systems that use the heart's electrical signal and a magnetic tracker to show where the tip of a PICC line is while it is being put in, so most patients do not need a chest X-ray afterwards before the line can be used.","route":"/technologies/picc-tip-location-systems/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"picc-tip-location-systems","sections":["chemotherapy","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"pleural-and-peritoneal-shunts","name":"Pleural and peritoneal shunts (Denver shunts, ACES)","tldr":"Tubes placed fully under the skin that move fluid from the chest or abdomen to somewhere the body can absorb it, so there is no drain to empty.","route":"/technologies/pleural-and-peritoneal-shunts/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"pleural-and-peritoneal-shunts","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2001"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2001"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2001}},{"id":"pneumatic-compression-lymphoedema","name":"Pneumatic compression pumps for lymphoedema (Flexitouch, Lympha Press, Hydroven)","tldr":"An inflatable sleeve or garment connected to a pump that squeezes the swollen arm or leg in waves, used at home alongside compression garments to move fluid out of a limb with lymphoedema.","route":"/technologies/pneumatic-compression-lymphoedema/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"pneumatic-compression-lymphoedema","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Cervical cancer"],"year":["2007"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. 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For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2007"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2007}},{"id":"bone-marrow-biopsy-devices","name":"Powered bone marrow biopsy drivers (OnControl, BD Trek, OmniBone)","tldr":"A small battery drill that drives the bone marrow biopsy needle into the hip bone, instead of the doctor twisting it in by hand, used to diagnose and check leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma.","route":"/technologies/bone-marrow-biopsy-devices/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"bone-marrow-biopsy-devices","sections":["diagnostics","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Multiple myeloma","Acute myeloid leukaemia","Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"year":["2014"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Multiple myeloma","href":"/cancers/multiple-myeloma/","tip":"Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC."},{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."},{"label":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cll/","tip":"A slow leukaemia that no longer needs chemotherapy: BTK inhibitors and venetoclax control it for years, often in fixed-duration courses."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2014"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2014}},{"id":"salts-healthcare","name":"Salts Healthcare","tldr":"Salts Healthcare is a British maker of stoma bags and seals, including the Confidence range.","route":"/companies/salts-healthcare/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"Aston, Birmingham, GB","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"self-expanding-metal-stents","name":"Self-expanding metal stents for malignant obstruction (oesophagus, duodenum, colon, bile duct, airway)","tldr":"Mesh tubes that spring open inside a gullet, bowel, bile duct or airway narrowed by cancer, to let food, stool, bile or air through again. Most are put in through an endoscope without an operation.","route":"/technologies/self-expanding-metal-stents/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"self-expanding-metal-stents","sections":["supportive-care","surgery","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Oesophageal cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Colorectal cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"cholangioscopy","name":"Single-operator cholangioscopy (SpyGlass DS)","tldr":"A very thin camera passed through an endoscope up into the bile duct, so the doctor can look directly at a narrowing and take a targeted biopsy to find out whether it is cancer.","route":"/technologies/cholangioscopy/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"cholangioscopy","sections":["diagnostics","imaging","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer"],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"smart-infusion-pumps","name":"Smart infusion pumps with drug libraries (Novum IQ, Plum, Infusomat Space, Agilia, Ivenix)","tldr":"The hospital pumps on drip stands that run chemotherapy and fluids into a vein. Their built-in library of drug limits warns the nurse if a dose or rate is outside the safe range.","route":"/technologies/smart-infusion-pumps/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"smart-infusion-pumps","sections":["chemotherapy","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"breast-implant-capsule-cancers","name":"Squamous cell carcinoma and lymphomas in the capsule around breast implants","tldr":"Besides the lymphoma linked to textured breast implants, the FDA has received reports of a skin-type cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) and other lymphomas in the scar tissue around implants. It believes they may be rare and does not yet know their cause or how often they happen.","route":"/terms/breast-implant-capsule-cancers/","kind":"term","schematic":{"id":"breast-implants","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"stereotactic-breast-biopsy","name":"Stereotactic and tomosynthesis-guided breast biopsy systems (Affirm, Giotto, Fujifilm positioner)","tldr":"Mammogram machines fitted with a needle guide, which take X-rays from two angles or a 3D scan to work out exactly where a tiny abnormality is, so a biopsy needle can be aimed at something that cannot be felt or seen on ultrasound.","route":"/technologies/stereotactic-breast-biopsy/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"stereotactic-breast-biopsy","sections":["diagnostics","imaging","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"ostomy-appliances","name":"Stoma bags and baseplates (one-piece, two-piece, convex, urostomy, caps and leak alerts)","tldr":"The bags that collect stool or urine from a stoma. They come as one piece or as a bag that clips onto a separate sticky base, in closed, drainable and urostomy versions, with curved (convex) bases for stomas that sit flat or below the skin.","route":"/technologies/ostomy-appliances/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ostomy-appliances","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer","Bladder & urothelial cancer","Muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."},{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."},{"label":"Muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer","href":"/cancers/muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/","tip":"Once bladder cancer has grown into the muscle it needs more than scraping out: chemotherapy then removal of the bladder, or chemoradiation to keep it. For cancer that has spread, the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin with pembrolizumab has replaced platinum chemotherapy as the first treatment."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ostomy-output-management-products","name":"Stoma output thickeners and deodorants","tldr":"Sachets put in the bag that turn watery output into gel, and drops or sprays that cut down on smell, used mostly with an ileostomy.","route":"/technologies/ostomy-output-management-products/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ostomy-output-management-products","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ostomy-skin-care-products","name":"Stoma skin protectors, seals, pastes and adhesive removers","tldr":"Rings, pastes, wipes and sprays that protect the skin around a stoma and stop leaks, and sprays that dissolve the glue so a bag comes off without pulling the skin.","route":"/technologies/ostomy-skin-care-products/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ostomy-skin-care-products","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nhs-stoma-supply-route","name":"Stoma supplies on NHS prescription in England (appliance contractors and customisation)","tldr":"In England stoma bags and accessories are prescribed by the GP and supplied by a pharmacy or a specialist home-delivery company, which can also cut bags to fit and review how the products are working.","route":"/terms/nhs-stoma-supply-route/","kind":"term","schematic":{"id":"ostomy-appliances","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"syringe-drivers","name":"Syringe pumps and subcutaneous syringe drivers","tldr":"A small pump that pushes the plunger of a syringe slowly over a day, used in palliative care to give medicines for pain, sickness and agitation under the skin when someone can no longer swallow.","route":"/technologies/syringe-drivers/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"syringe-drivers","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"uoaa","name":"United Ostomy Associations of America (UOAA)","tldr":"A national charity in the United States for people who have or will have a stoma, running local support groups, a virtual clinic and advocacy.","route":"/companies/uoaa/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"United States, US","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ureteric-stents-and-nephrostomy","name":"Ureteric stents and nephrostomy tubes for malignant ureteric obstruction (Memokath 051)","tldr":"When cancer in the pelvis blocks the tubes from the kidneys, a stent inside the tube or a drain through the back into the kidney lets urine flow again and protects kidney function.","route":"/technologies/ureteric-stents-and-nephrostomy/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ureteric-stents-and-nephrostomy","sections":["supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer","Bladder & urothelial cancer","Prostate cancer","Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2020"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."},{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."},{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2020"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2020}},{"id":"vacuum-assisted-breast-biopsy","name":"Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy systems (Mammotome, EnCor, Eviva, Brevera)","tldr":"A breast biopsy needle that uses suction to pull tissue into its side window and cut it, so several larger samples can be taken through one small cut in the skin, guided by mammogram, ultrasound or MRI.","route":"/technologies/vacuum-assisted-breast-biopsy/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"vacuum-assisted-breast-biopsy","sections":["diagnostics","imaging","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"voice-prostheses","name":"Voice prostheses after laryngectomy (Provox, Blom-Singer)","tldr":"A small one-way valve fitted between the windpipe and the gullet after the voice box is removed. Covering the breathing hole in the neck sends air through the valve, and the throat vibrates to make a voice.","route":"/technologies/voice-prostheses/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"voice-prostheses","sections":["surgery","supportive-care","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer","Hypopharyngeal cancer","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":["1999"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer","href":"/cancers/laryngeal-cancer/","tip":"Cancer of the voice box, a head and neck cancer, announces itself with hoarseness and is highly curable when caught early, by laser surgery or radiotherapy that preserve the voice. Advanced disease is treated with chemoradiation to keep the larynx where possible, with total laryngectomy for the most extensive tumours or when other treatment fails."},{"label":"Hypopharyngeal cancer","href":"/cancers/hypopharyngeal-cancer/","tip":"Cancer of the hypopharynx, the funnel behind the voice box, is the head and neck cancer with the worst outlook because it grows silently and spreads to the neck early. Treatment is chemoradiation to keep the larynx where possible, or removal of the larynx and pharynx with reconstruction for the most extensive tumours."},{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1999"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":1999}},{"id":"wocn-society","name":"Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN)","tldr":"The professional society for specialist wound, ostomy and continence nurses in the United States, the nurses who mark the stoma site before surgery and help with bags and sore skin afterwards.","route":"/companies/wocn-society/","kind":"company","avatar":"org","sub":"United States, US","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}}]