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After 30 years without progress, T-cell engagers and ADCs are finally moving the needle."},{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"alpha-nanogenerators","name":"Alpha-emitter nanogenerators and daughter trapping","tldr":"Actinium-225 releases four alpha particles as it decays, but the daughters escape and irradiate the kidneys and salivary glands. 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PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"auger-electron-therapy","name":"Auger-electron therapy","tldr":"Auger-electron therapy uses radioactive atoms such as iodine-125 or terbium-161 that release cascades of low-energy electrons travelling only nanometres to micrometres, so they kill a cell only if the atom sits on or inside its DNA and spare the neighbours. Terbium-161 can replace lutetium-177 in existing PSMA ligands; true nuclear delivery remains preclinical.","route":"/technologies/auger-electron-therapy/","status":"preclinical","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"auger-electron-therapy","sections":["radiopharma"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"radical","href":"/tagged/radical/","tip":"Every record tagged radical."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"phage-delivery","name":"Bacteriophage-based tumour delivery","tldr":"Bacteriophage delivery uses viruses that infect bacteria, not human cells, as engineered shells whose coat proteins display tumour-homing peptides or antigens and carry drugs or vaccines. They are cheap and cannot replicate in people, but the work is preclinical: no oncology phage trial had reported efficacy by 2026, and the body clears them quickly.","route":"/technologies/phage-delivery/","status":"preclinical","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"phage-delivery","sections":["drug-discovery","immunotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"radical","href":"/tagged/radical/","tip":"Every record tagged radical."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"bispecific-adc","name":"Bispecific ADC","tldr":"A bispecific ADC is an ADC whose antibody grabs two different proteins on the cancer cell, so it sticks better to tumour and less to healthy tissue.","route":"/technologies/bispecific-adc/","status":"phase-3","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"bispecific-adc","sections":["adcs"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer","Oesophageal cancer","Bladder & urothelial cancer"],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."},{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"breath-vocs","name":"Breath and volatile-organic-compound detection","tldr":"Smelling cancer: measuring the trace chemicals a tumour puts into exhaled breath.","route":"/technologies/breath-vocs/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"breath-vocs","sections":["early-detection","diagnostics"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"cachexia-therapy","name":"Cachexia-directed therapy (GDF-15 blockade)","tldr":"Cachexia-directed therapy treats cancer wasting by blocking GDF-15, a hormone that rises in advanced cancer and acts on the brainstem to suppress appetite. Pfizer's antibody ponsegromab improved weight in a phase 2 trial and is in phase 2/3 in pancreatic cancer cachexia; whether weight gain translates into function is the open question.","route":"/technologies/cachexia-therapy/","status":"phase-3","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"cachexia-therapy","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[{"label":"promising","href":"/tagged/promising/","tip":"Every record tagged promising."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"interception-vaccination","name":"Cancer interception vaccines","tldr":"Cancer interception vaccines immunise people who do not yet have cancer but carry a high inherited risk, such as Lynch syndrome carriers, against the antigens their future tumour is predicted to express, so memory T cells remove transformed cells early. Because healthy people accept risk for a probabilistic benefit, the safety bar is far higher and trials take years.","route":"/technologies/interception-vaccination/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"interception-vaccination","sections":["prevention","immunotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"tags":[{"label":"radical","href":"/tagged/radical/","tip":"Every record tagged radical."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nerve-tumour-denervation","name":"Cancer neuroscience: cutting the nerve supply","tldr":"Tumours recruit nerves and use nerve signals to grow. Blocking that traffic, with beta-blockers or botulinum toxin, is being tested.","route":"/technologies/nerve-tumour-denervation/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"nerve-tumour-denervation","sections":["targeted-therapy","supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Ovarian cancer","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."}],"tags":[{"label":"radical","href":"/tagged/radical/","tip":"Every record tagged radical."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"car-nk-macrophage","name":"CAR-NK & CAR-macrophage","tldr":"Putting the cancer-seeking receptor on natural killer cells or macrophages instead of T cells, which could be safer and off-the-shelf.","route":"/technologies/car-nk-macrophage/","status":"phase-1","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"car-nk-macrophage","sections":["cell-therapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"stroma-directed-car","name":"CAR-T against stroma: fibroblasts and myeloid cells","tldr":"Instead of attacking the cancer cell, engineering T cells to strip away the scaffolding and the suppressive immune cells that protect it.","route":"/technologies/stroma-directed-car/","status":"preclinical","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"stroma-directed-car","sections":["cell-therapy","immunotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Mesothelioma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Mesothelioma","href":"/cancers/mesothelioma/","tip":"An asbestos-caused cancer of the lung lining. Immunotherapy doublets replaced chemotherapy in 2020, and mesothelin CAR-T is under study."}],"tags":[{"label":"radical","href":"/tagged/radical/","tip":"Every record tagged radical."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"fragmentomics","name":"cfDNA fragmentomics","tldr":"Fragmentomics reads the sizes and positions of DNA fragments in blood, not the mutations. 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Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"chronotherapy","name":"Chronotherapy: timing treatment to the body clock","tldr":"Giving the same drug at a different time of day, because the body clock changes how much damage it does and how well the immune system responds.","route":"/technologies/chronotherapy/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"chronotherapy","sections":["chemotherapy","immunotherapy","supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"promising","href":"/tagged/promising/","tip":"Every record tagged promising."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"continuous-ctdna-monitoring","name":"Continuous and near-continuous ctDNA monitoring","tldr":"Instead of testing blood 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PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"histotripsy-immune-priming","name":"Histotripsy as an immune primer","tldr":"Destroying a tumour mechanically with sound, rather than heat, leaves the debris intact enough for the immune system to learn from it.","route":"/technologies/histotripsy-immune-priming/","status":"phase-1","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"histotripsy-immune-priming","sections":["surgery","immunotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. 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Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"radical","href":"/tagged/radical/","tip":"Every record tagged radical."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mechanobiology-therapy","name":"Targeting tumour mechanics and pressure","tldr":"Stiff, high-pressure tumours squeeze their own blood vessels shut, keeping drugs out. Softening them is a way in.","route":"/technologies/mechanobiology-therapy/","status":"preclinical","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"mechanobiology-therapy","sections":["targeted-therapy","drug-discovery"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"total-body-pet-screening","name":"Total-body PET for screening and ultra-low-dose imaging","tldr":"Scanners sensitive enough to image the whole body in seconds at a fraction of the radiation dose, which raises the question of whether healthy people should be scanned at all.","route":"/technologies/total-body-pet-screening/","status":"concept","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"total-body-pet-screening","sections":["imaging","early-detection"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"trained-innate-immunity","name":"Trained innate immunity","tldr":"Giving the innate immune system a memory, so monocytes and NK cells respond harder the next time they meet a tumour.","route":"/technologies/trained-innate-immunity/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"trained-innate-immunity","sections":["immunotherapy","prevention"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Bladder & urothelial cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"trop2-pet","name":"TROP2 PET","tldr":"An experimental PET scan that shows whether a tumour carries the TROP2 protein, so doctors could pick the right ADC before giving it.","route":"/technologies/trop2-pet/","status":"phase-1","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"trop2-pet","sections":["imaging","adcs"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"umoja-biopharma","name":"Umoja Biopharma","tldr":"In vivo CAR-T company using lentiviral vectors (VivoVec); first CD22-directed in vivo CAR-T cleared for US trials in 2026.","route":"/companies/umoja-biopharma/","kind":"company","logo":"/logos/umoja-biopharma.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Seattle, WA, US","facets":{"kind":["Company"],"cancers":["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Company","tip":"Who is building what."},"cancers":[{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."},{"label":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/all-leukemia/","tip":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the childhood cancer success story, and was the first disease treated with CAR-T and with a T-cell engager."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"vhee-radiotherapy","name":"Very-high-energy electron therapy","tldr":"VHEE radiotherapy fires electrons at 100 to 250 MeV, energies that reach deep tumours and can be steered by magnets, aiming to deliver FLASH-speed radiation from a machine smaller and cheaper than a proton facility. It is still at the accelerator-development and preclinical stage: no patient had been treated by September 2026.","route":"/technologies/vhee-radiotherapy/","status":"preclinical","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"vhee-radiotherapy","sections":["radiation"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"radical","href":"/tagged/radical/","tip":"Every record tagged radical."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}}]