[{"id":"acupuncture-nausea","name":"Acupuncture and acupressure for chemotherapy nausea","tldr":"Stimulating the P6 point on the inner wrist, with needles, electrical stimulation or a pressure band, adds a small further reduction in chemotherapy vomiting on top of modern anti-sickness drugs. It is safe and cheap, and guidelines say it can be offered.","route":"/technologies/acupuncture-nausea/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"acupuncture-nausea","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"acupuncture-aromatase-inhibitor-arthralgia","name":"Acupuncture for aromatase-inhibitor joint pain","tldr":"Joint pain and stiffness are the main reason women stop aromatase-inhibitor tablets early. In a large randomised trial, twelve weeks of acupuncture reduced that pain more than sham needling or no treatment, and the benefit lasted after the sessions ended.","route":"/technologies/acupuncture-aromatase-inhibitor-arthralgia/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"acupuncture-aromatase-inhibitor-arthralgia","sections":["supportive-care","hormonal"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"acupuncture-chemotherapy-neuropathy","name":"Acupuncture for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy","tldr":"Numb, tingling or painful hands and feet after taxanes, platinum or bortezomib have no proven preventive treatment. Small trials suggest acupuncture may ease the symptoms, but they are too small and inconsistent to be sure, so it is an option to try inside a trial or with careful tracking rather than an established treatment.","route":"/technologies/acupuncture-chemotherapy-neuropathy/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"acupuncture-chemotherapy-neuropathy","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"acupuncture-xerostomia","name":"Acupuncture for dry mouth after head and neck radiotherapy","tldr":"Radiotherapy to the head and neck can permanently dry the mouth. A randomised trial in the United States and China found that acupuncture given during radiotherapy reduced dry mouth a year later compared with standard care, an effect that needs confirming.","route":"/technologies/acupuncture-xerostomia/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"acupuncture-xerostomia","sections":["supportive-care","radiation"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Nasopharyngeal carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."},{"label":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","href":"/cancers/nasopharyngeal/","tip":"A cancer at the back of the nose caused largely by the Epstein-Barr virus and common in southern China and Southeast Asia. Radiation cures most early cases; adding chemotherapy and, recently, PD-1 immunotherapy has improved outcomes in advanced disease, and a blood test for viral DNA can detect it early."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"acupuncture-hot-flushes","name":"Acupuncture for hot flushes on endocrine therapy","tldr":"Hot flushes on tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors are common and hormone replacement is off the table. Acupuncture reduced flushes in several randomised trials, in one about as well as the drug gabapentin and with fewer side effects, though sham-controlled results are mixed.","route":"/technologies/acupuncture-hot-flushes/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"acupuncture-hot-flushes","sections":["supportive-care","hormonal"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"alexandre-chan","name":"Alexandre Chan","tldr":"Oncology pharmacist-scientist at UC Irvine and President of MASCC, the multinational society for supportive care in cancer, known for research on cancer-related cognitive impairment.","route":"/people/alexandre-chan/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"President · Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"leadership","href":"/tagged/leadership/","tip":"Every record tagged leadership."},{"label":"clinician-scientist","href":"/tagged/clinician-scientist/","tip":"Every record tagged clinician-scientist."},{"label":"survivorship","href":"/tagged/survivorship/","tip":"Every record tagged survivorship."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"alternative-medicine-instead-of-treatment","name":"Alternative medicine used instead of standard treatment","tldr":"Complementary approaches used alongside treatment can help with symptoms. Choosing an alternative therapy instead of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy is a different decision: in a national US database, people who did so were two and a half times as likely to die within the study period, and more than five times as likely with breast cancer.","route":"/technologies/alternative-medicine-instead-of-treatment/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"alternative-medicine-instead-of-treatment","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer","Colorectal cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer","Prostate cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"american-ginseng-fatigue","name":"American ginseng for cancer-related fatigue","tldr":"In a randomised placebo-controlled trial of 364 people, eight weeks of Wisconsin American ginseng modestly improved cancer-related fatigue, mainly in those still on treatment. The 2024 fatigue guideline says it may be offered during treatment; quality of the product matters.","route":"/technologies/american-ginseng-fatigue/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"american-ginseng-fatigue","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"antineoplastons","name":"Antineoplastons (Burzynski clinic)","tldr":"Antineoplastons are peptide fractions first isolated from urine and given at one private clinic in Texas for nearly fifty years, mostly to children with brain tumours. Despite dozens of registered trials, none has been published in full, no independent group has confirmed benefit, and the treatment is expensive and causes serious salt imbalance.","route":"/technologies/antineoplastons/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"antineoplastons","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Glioma & glioblastoma","Medulloblastoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Glioma & glioblastoma","href":"/cancers/glioblastoma/","tip":"Gliomas are now diagnosed by molecular class, and three classes got their first targeted drugs in 2024-25 (vorasidenib for IDH-mutant glioma, tovorafenib for BRAF-altered paediatric glioma, dordaviprone for H3 K27M). Glioblastoma itself is the hardest to treat and has kept the same standard since 2005; CAR-T delivered into the brain and focused-ultrasound drug delivery are the live directions."},{"label":"Medulloblastoma","href":"/cancers/medulloblastoma/","tip":"Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant childhood brain tumour, arising in the cerebellum. Surgery, radiation to the whole brain and spine, and chemotherapy cure about 70%, at a heavy cost to thinking and growth; treatment is now being tailored to four molecular subgroups so that the low-risk children get less."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"aromatherapy-cancer","name":"Aromatherapy","tldr":"Scented essential oils, alone or with massage, are pleasant and may briefly ease anxiety or nausea, but the trials are small and a Cochrane review found no reliable evidence that adding aromatherapy to massage does anything more than massage alone.","route":"/technologies/aromatherapy-cancer/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"aromatherapy-cancer","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ayurvedic-medicine-cancer","name":"Ayurvedic medicine and cancer","tldr":"Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India, offers diet, yoga, herbs and mineral preparations. Yoga has good evidence in its own right; the herbal and mineral remedies have not been shown to treat cancer, and a fifth of products sold online contained lead, mercury or arsenic in one study.","route":"/technologies/ayurvedic-medicine-cancer/","status":"concept","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ayurvedic-medicine-cancer","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"bimatoprost-eyelash-regrowth","name":"Bimatoprost for eyelash and eyebrow regrowth","tldr":"Eyelashes and eyebrows often fall out with chemotherapy and can be slow to return. Bimatoprost, a glaucoma eye drop approved for thin lashes, applied along the lash line each night increased lash length and thickness in a randomised trial that included people after chemotherapy.","route":"/technologies/bimatoprost-eyelash-regrowth/","status":"approved","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"bimatoprost-eyelash-regrowth","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["2008"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2008"},"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2008}},{"id":"black-salve-escharotics","name":"Black salve and other escharotic pastes","tldr":"Black salve is a corrosive paste containing bloodroot and zinc chloride sold online to 'draw out' skin cancers. It burns whatever it touches, leaves disfiguring scars, does not reliably remove the cancer, and has let melanomas spread while people believed they were cured.","route":"/technologies/black-salve-escharotics/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"black-salve-escharotics","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Basal cell carcinoma","Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","Melanoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Basal cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/basal-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer and the most common cancer of all, caused by sun exposure and almost never life-threatening. Nearly all are removed surgically; the rare advanced cases are treated with drugs that block the hedgehog signalling pathway, and with immunotherapy if those fail."},{"label":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/cutaneous-scc/","tip":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it."},{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"cannabinoids-nausea","name":"Cannabinoids for chemotherapy nausea (dronabinol, nabilone, medical cannabis)","tldr":"Two synthetic cannabinoid tablets, dronabinol and nabilone, have been approved for chemotherapy nausea since 1985 and can help when standard anti-sickness drugs fail. Modern antiemetics work better for most people, and evidence for herbal cannabis or vaped products is thin.","route":"/technologies/cannabinoids-nausea/","status":"approved","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"cannabinoids-nausea","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":["1985"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1985"},"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":1985}},{"id":"cannabinoids-pain-appetite","name":"Cannabis and cannabinoids for pain, appetite and cancer control","tldr":"Cannabis and cannabinoids are used by patients for pain, appetite and sleep. Three phase 3 trials of a THC:CBD mouth spray added to opioids did not beat placebo for cancer pain, dronabinol failed for appetite, and no human trial shows tumour control, so ASCO's 2024 guideline advises against them as cancer treatment outside a trial.","route":"/technologies/cannabinoids-pain-appetite/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"cannabinoids-pain-appetite","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Glioma & glioblastoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Glioma & glioblastoma","href":"/cancers/glioblastoma/","tip":"Gliomas are now diagnosed by molecular class, and three classes got their first targeted drugs in 2024-25 (vorasidenib for IDH-mutant glioma, tovorafenib for BRAF-altered paediatric glioma, dordaviprone for H3 K27M). Glioblastoma itself is the hardest to treat and has kept the same standard since 2005; CAR-T delivered into the brain and focused-ultrasound drug delivery are the live directions."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hypnosis-cancer-care","name":"Clinical hypnosis for procedures, pain and hot flushes","tldr":"A brief hypnosis session before breast surgery or a biopsy reduces pain, nausea and anxiety afterwards, and a course of hypnosis roughly halved hot flushes in one randomised trial. It is a skill some psychologists offer, not a stage act.","route":"/technologies/hypnosis-cancer-care/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"hypnosis-cancer-care","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"cbt-fatigue-distress","name":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for fatigue and distress","tldr":"Cancer-related fatigue and anxiety respond to structured talking therapy that targets the thoughts and habits that keep them going. Randomised trials show benefits during treatment and, for persistent fatigue, years afterwards; guidelines recommend it.","route":"/technologies/cbt-fatigue-distress/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"cbt-fatigue-distress","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"cbt-insomnia-cancer","name":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)","tldr":"Insomnia is one of the most persistent problems after cancer treatment. A short structured talking therapy that retrains sleep habits works better and for longer than sleeping tablets, and digital versions bring it to people who cannot reach a therapist.","route":"/technologies/cbt-insomnia-cancer/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"cbt-insomnia-cancer","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"lymphoedema-decongestive-therapy","name":"Compression, decongestive therapy and exercise for lymphoedema","tldr":"Arm or leg swelling after lymph node surgery or radiotherapy is managed with compression garments, specialised massage, skin care and exercise. Weight lifting, once forbidden, was shown in a randomised trial to reduce flare-ups rather than cause them.","route":"/technologies/lymphoedema-decongestive-therapy/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"lymphoedema-decongestive-therapy","sections":["supportive-care","surgery"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer","Melanoma","Vulvar cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."},{"label":"Vulvar cancer","href":"/cancers/vulvar/","tip":"An uncommon cancer of the external genitalia with two distinct causes: HPV infection in younger women and chronic skin inflammation in older women. Surgery is the mainstay, and sentinel-node biopsy has made it far less mutilating."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"curcumin-turmeric","name":"Curcumin and turmeric","tldr":"Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, kills cancer cells in a dish and is one of the most studied supplements, but it is barely absorbed from the gut and no randomised trial has shown it treats cancer in people. Cooking with turmeric is fine; high-dose capsules can interact with chemotherapy and blood thinners.","route":"/technologies/curcumin-turmeric/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"curcumin-turmeric","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"dance-movement-therapy","name":"Dance and movement therapy","tldr":"Dance and movement therapy is enjoyable and a form of exercise, and small trials hint at better quality of life and mood in women with breast cancer, but a Cochrane review found too little evidence to judge whether it helps beyond that.","route":"/technologies/dance-movement-therapy/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"dance-movement-therapy","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"eltrombopag","name":"Eltrombopag","tldr":"Eltrombopag is a daily tablet that raises platelet counts by stimulating the bone marrow; it is approved for immune thrombocytopenia and severe aplastic anaemia, and haematologists also use it when low platelets complicate blood cancers and their treatment.","route":"/drugs/eltrombopag/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"eltrombopag","modality":"Oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist","sub":"Promacta / Revolade","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Acute myeloid leukaemia","Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms"],"year":["2008"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."},{"label":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms","href":"/cancers/mds/","tip":"Bone-marrow disorders where blood cells are made badly and too few reach the blood; a third progress to acute leukaemia. Treatment ranges from transfusions and growth factors to hypomethylating drugs and, for the fit, transplant."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2008"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2008}},{"id":"emapalumab","name":"Emapalumab","tldr":"Emapalumab switches off interferon gamma, the signal behind the runaway immune activation of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a condition that can also be triggered by lymphoma and by CAR-T therapy.","route":"/drugs/emapalumab/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"emapalumab","modality":"Anti-interferon-gamma monoclonal antibody","sub":"Gamifant","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms","Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms","href":"/cancers/histiocytoses/","tip":"Histiocytoses are diseases in which immune scavenger cells build up in bone, heart, brain, kidneys and skin. They used to be treated as inflammatory conditions with steroids and interferon. The discovery that most carry mutations in the same growth pathway as melanoma turned them into targetable cancers: BRAF and MEK inhibitor pills now produce responses in nearly every treated patient."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"essiac-herbal-cancer-cures","name":"Essiac, Hoxsey and other 'herbal cancer cures'","tldr":"Essiac tea, Hoxsey tonic and similar herbal mixtures have been sold as cancer cures for a century. Laboratory tests and reviews by the NCI and Canadian regulators found no anticancer effect, and the clinics that sell them have never produced a controlled trial.","route":"/technologies/essiac-herbal-cancer-cures/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"essiac-herbal-cancer-cures","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ethan-basch","name":"Ethan Basch","tldr":"Proved that letting patients report symptoms electronically during chemotherapy improves quality of life and survival.","route":"/people/ethan-basch/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Chief of Medical Oncology and Physician-in-Chief, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center · UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"patient-reported-outcomes","href":"/tagged/patient-reported-outcomes/","tip":"Every record tagged patient-reported-outcomes."},{"label":"outcomes","href":"/tagged/outcomes/","tip":"Every record tagged outcomes."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"fenbendazole-ivermectin-repurposing-claims","name":"Fenbendazole, ivermectin and other internet 'repurposed cures'","tldr":"Dog dewormers and anti-parasite drugs are promoted on social media as hidden cancer cures on the strength of cell-culture experiments and anecdotes. No clinical trial shows benefit in people, liver damage has been reported, and drug repurposing is real but works through trials, not forums.","route":"/technologies/fenbendazole-ivermectin-repurposing-claims/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"fenbendazole-ivermectin-repurposing-claims","sections":["supportive-care","drug-discovery"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"omega3-epa-cachexia","name":"Fish oil (EPA) for cancer weight loss","tldr":"Fish oil rich in EPA was expected to slow cancer-related muscle wasting by damping inflammation. Randomised trials and a Cochrane review found no convincing effect on weight or survival, though fish oil is safe and sits comfortably inside general nutritional support.","route":"/technologies/omega3-epa-cachexia/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"omega3-epa-cachexia","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"fostamatinib","name":"Fostamatinib","tldr":"Fostamatinib is a tablet that blocks the enzyme SYK so the spleen stops destroying antibody-coated platelets; it is approved for chronic immune thrombocytopenia and was first trialled as a lymphoma drug.","route":"/drugs/fostamatinib/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"fostamatinib","modality":"Oral spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitor","sub":"Tavalisse","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cll/","tip":"A slow leukaemia that no longer needs chemotherapy: BTK inhibitors and venetoclax control it for years, often in fixed-duration courses."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"frozen-gloves-compression-taxane","name":"Frozen gloves, socks and compression for taxane nail and nerve damage","tldr":"Wearing frozen gloves and socks, or tight surgical gloves, during taxane infusions reduces nail damage and may reduce numbness in the hands and feet, by narrowing the blood vessels while the drug is at its peak. Trials are small but consistent, and it is cheap.","route":"/technologies/frozen-gloves-compression-taxane/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"frozen-gloves-compression-taxane","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"gemma-peters","name":"Gemma Peters","tldr":"Chief Executive of Macmillan Cancer Support, the UK charity that provides practical, emotional and financial support to people living with cancer.","route":"/people/gemma-peters/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Chief Executive Officer, Macmillan Cancer Support · Macmillan Cancer Support","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"leadership","href":"/tagged/leadership/","tip":"Every record tagged leadership."},{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"gerson-therapy-detox-regimens","name":"Gerson therapy, coffee enemas and 'detox' regimens","tldr":"The Gerson regimen prescribes hourly juices, a strict low-salt vegetarian diet, supplements and several coffee enemas a day, and is sold at clinics in Mexico. It has never shown benefit in any controlled study, and coffee enemas have caused fatal electrolyte disturbances and infections.","route":"/technologies/gerson-therapy-detox-regimens/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"gerson-therapy-detox-regimens","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Melanoma","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ginger-nausea","name":"Ginger for chemotherapy nausea","tldr":"Ginger capsules taken alongside standard anti-sickness drugs reduced nausea in the largest randomised trial, but other trials found no effect and the doses and products vary. It is safe for most people, with a caution about bleeding for anyone on anticoagulants.","route":"/technologies/ginger-nausea/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"ginger-nausea","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"glutamine-mucositis-neuropathy","name":"Glutamine for mucositis and neuropathy","tldr":"Oral glutamine, an amino acid that gut and mouth lining cells use for fuel, may reduce the severity of mouth ulcers during head and neck chemoradiation; mucositis guidelines suggest it for that use. Intravenous glutamine in transplant patients is not recommended, and evidence for preventing nerve damage is thin.","route":"/technologies/glutamine-mucositis-neuropathy/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"glutamine-mucositis-neuropathy","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy","radiation"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"green-tea-egcg","name":"Green tea and EGCG extracts","tldr":"Drinking green tea is safe and pleasant, but a Cochrane review found no consistent evidence that it prevents cancer, and concentrated green tea extract capsules have caused liver injury and can interfere with some drugs.","route":"/technologies/green-tea-egcg/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"green-tea-egcg","sections":["supportive-care","prevention","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"high-dose-vitamin-c","name":"High-dose intravenous vitamin C","tldr":"Vitamin C tablets do not treat cancer: two randomised trials at the Mayo Clinic settled that in the 1980s. Intravenous doses reach blood levels high enough to generate hydrogen peroxide in tumours, and small trials alongside chemotherapy are under way, but no adequately sized trial has yet shown benefit.","route":"/technologies/high-dose-vitamin-c/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"high-dose-vitamin-c","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Ovarian cancer","Glioma & glioblastoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."},{"label":"Glioma & glioblastoma","href":"/cancers/glioblastoma/","tip":"Gliomas are now diagnosed by molecular class, and three classes got their first targeted drugs in 2024-25 (vorasidenib for IDH-mutant glioma, tovorafenib for BRAF-altered paediatric glioma, dordaviprone for H3 K27M). Glioblastoma itself is the hardest to treat and has kept the same standard since 2005; CAR-T delivered into the brain and focused-ultrasound drug delivery are the live directions."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"homeopathy-cancer","name":"Homeopathy","tldr":"Homeopathic remedies are diluted until no molecules of the starting substance remain, so any effect would need new physics. A Cochrane review of trials for chemotherapy and radiotherapy side effects found no convincing evidence that they work; they are harmless as long as they do not replace real treatment.","route":"/technologies/homeopathy-cancer/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"homeopathy-cancer","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"honey-radiation-mucositis","name":"Honey for radiation mucositis","tldr":"Swallowing honey before and after head and neck radiotherapy sessions reduced mouth ulcers in several small trials, mostly from single centres, but the studies are of low quality and mucositis guidelines could not make a recommendation either way.","route":"/technologies/honey-radiation-mucositis/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"honey-radiation-mucositis","sections":["supportive-care","radiation"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hydrazine-sulfate","name":"Hydrazine sulfate","tldr":"Hydrazine sulfate was promoted in the 1970s and 80s to reverse cancer weight loss and prolong life. Three large randomised trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute found no benefit and more side effects, and the compound is a suspected carcinogen.","route":"/technologies/hydrazine-sulfate/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"hydrazine-sulfate","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hyperbaric-oxygen-radiation-injury","name":"Hyperbaric oxygen for late radiation injury","tldr":"Breathing pure oxygen in a pressurised chamber, over 30 to 40 sessions, helps heal radiation damage to the jaw, bladder and bowel that appears years after treatment. A Cochrane review found moderate-quality evidence of benefit for these sites, and little for others.","route":"/technologies/hyperbaric-oxygen-radiation-injury/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"hyperbaric-oxygen-radiation-injury","sections":["supportive-care","radiation"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Cervical cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."},{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"jennifer-temel","name":"Jennifer S. Temel","tldr":"Showed that early palliative care helps lung cancer patients live better and longer, changing oncology guidelines worldwide.","route":"/people/jennifer-temel/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Clinical Director of Thoracic Oncology and Co-Director, Cancer Outcomes Research and Education Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center · Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[{"label":"palliative-care","href":"/tagged/palliative-care/","tip":"Every record tagged palliative-care."},{"label":"outcomes","href":"/tagged/outcomes/","tip":"Every record tagged outcomes."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"kerry-courneya","name":"Kerry S. Courneya","tldr":"Exercise scientist behind CHALLENGE, the first trial to show a structured exercise programme improves survival after colon cancer.","route":"/people/kerry-courneya/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor and Canada Research Chair in Physical Activity and Cancer, University of Alberta · University of Alberta","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[{"label":"exercise","href":"/tagged/exercise/","tip":"Every record tagged exercise."},{"label":"survivorship","href":"/tagged/survivorship/","tip":"Every record tagged survivorship."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"laetrile-amygdalin","name":"Laetrile (amygdalin, 'vitamin B17')","tldr":"Laetrile, sold as vitamin B17 or apricot kernel extract, was tested in a large National Cancer Institute study in the 1980s and did nothing against cancer. It releases cyanide in the gut, and people have been poisoned by it.","route":"/technologies/laetrile-amygdalin/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"laetrile-amygdalin","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"massage-therapy-cancer","name":"Massage therapy in cancer care","tldr":"Gentle massage by a trained oncology massage therapist gives short-term relief of pain, anxiety and mood in people with advanced cancer, shown in a randomised trial of 380 patients. It is safe when pressure is adapted around tumours, bone metastases, ports and low platelet counts.","route":"/technologies/massage-therapy-cancer/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"massage-therapy-cancer","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"medicinal-mushrooms-reishi-turkey-tail","name":"Medicinal mushrooms: reishi, turkey tail, shiitake and others","tldr":"Reishi, turkey tail, shiitake, maitake and cordyceps extracts are rich in beta-glucans that stimulate natural killer cells in the laboratory and are sold as supplements to people with cancer. A 2016 Cochrane review found five small, poor-quality reishi trials and no evidence it treats cancer; the other species lack randomised efficacy trials, and rare liver toxicity is reported.","route":"/technologies/medicinal-mushrooms-reishi-turkey-tail/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"medicinal-mushrooms-reishi-turkey-tail","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"melatonin-cancer","name":"Melatonin as a cancer adjunct","tldr":"Melatonin helps some people sleep and is safe at usual doses, but the claim that high-dose melatonin improves survival rests on a series of small unblinded trials from one group that has never been reproduced elsewhere. It is not a cancer treatment.","route":"/technologies/melatonin-cancer/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"melatonin-cancer","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mindfulness-based-interventions","name":"Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive therapy","tldr":"Structured eight-week mindfulness courses reduce anxiety and low mood during and after cancer treatment, with dozens of randomised trials behind them. Guidelines from ASCO and the Society for Integrative Oncology recommend them as a first option alongside, not instead of, psychological care.","route":"/technologies/mindfulness-based-interventions/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"mindfulness-based-interventions","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"minoxidil-chemotherapy-alopecia","name":"Minoxidil for persistent chemotherapy- and endocrine-therapy hair loss","tldr":"Most hair grows back after chemotherapy, but a minority, especially after docetaxel, are left with thin hair, and tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors cause gradual thinning. Minoxidil lotion or low-dose tablets, the same treatment used for pattern hair loss, improved regrowth in most patients in dermatology series and shortened regrowth time in an early randomised trial.","route":"/technologies/minoxidil-chemotherapy-alopecia/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"minoxidil-chemotherapy-alopecia","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy","hormonal"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mistletoe-extracts","name":"Mistletoe extracts (Iscador, Helixor)","tldr":"Injectable mistletoe extracts are the most prescribed complementary cancer treatment in German-speaking Europe. Decades of studies have not shown that they lengthen life; some suggest better quality of life during chemotherapy, but the trials are weak and the largest well-run ones were negative.","route":"/technologies/mistletoe-extracts/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"mistletoe-extracts","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Melanoma","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. 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It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"music-therapy-cancer","name":"Music therapy and music medicine","tldr":"Listening to music, or working with a trained music therapist, reduces anxiety, pain and fatigue during cancer treatment in a Cochrane review of more than 80 trials. The effects are real but modest, and the evidence is of low to moderate certainty because blinding is impossible.","route":"/technologies/music-therapy-cancer/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"music-therapy-cancer","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oral-cryotherapy-mucositis","name":"Oral cryotherapy (ice chips) to prevent mucositis","tldr":"Sucking ice chips for half an hour around a bolus dose of fluorouracil or high-dose melphalan roughly halves the risk of painful mouth ulcers. It costs nothing and is recommended in international mucositis guidelines.","route":"/technologies/oral-cryotherapy-mucositis/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"oral-cryotherapy-mucositis","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"peer-support-groups","name":"Peer support and support groups","tldr":"Meeting others in the same situation reduces distress and isolation, and randomised trials of supportive-expressive groups show better mood and pain coping. The once-famous claim that support groups lengthen survival did not hold up in a larger trial.","route":"/technologies/peer-support-groups/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"peer-support-groups","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"photobiomodulation-mucositis","name":"Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) for oral mucositis","tldr":"Shining low-power red or near-infrared light on the inside of the mouth before and during treatment prevents severe mouth ulcers in people having head and neck radiotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy for transplant. Mucositis guidelines recommend it, though few centres yet have the equipment.","route":"/technologies/photobiomodulation-mucositis/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"photobiomodulation-mucositis","sections":["supportive-care","radiation","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Multiple myeloma","Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."},{"label":"Multiple myeloma","href":"/cancers/multiple-myeloma/","tip":"Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"probiotics-treatment-diarrhoea","name":"Probiotics for chemotherapy and radiotherapy diarrhoea","tldr":"Probiotic supplements (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) may reduce diarrhoea during pelvic radiotherapy for cervical, rectal and prostate cancer and some chemotherapy, but a 2018 Cochrane review rated the evidence low certainty and strains differ between trials. Patients in profound neutropenia or with a central line should not take them without advice, because bloodstream infections have occurred.","route":"/technologies/probiotics-treatment-diarrhoea/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"probiotics-treatment-diarrhoea","sections":["supportive-care","radiation","chemotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer","Colorectal cancer","Prostate cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."},{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"propranolol-hemangeol","name":"Propranolol (Hemangeol)","tldr":"Hemangeol is a liquid form of the blood-pressure drug propranolol approved to shrink infantile haemangiomas, the common benign blood-vessel tumours of babies, replacing steroids and surgery for most children who need treatment.","route":"/drugs/propranolol-hemangeol/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"propranolol-hemangeol","modality":"Small-molecule non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, oral solution","sub":"Hemangeol","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Sarcomas"],"year":["2014"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Sarcomas","href":"/cancers/sarcoma/","tip":"Sarcomas are dozens of rare cancers of bone and connective tissue. GIST was the first solid tumour cured-in-practice by a targeted pill; synovial sarcoma got the first TCR-T therapy."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2014"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2014}},{"id":"psk-krestin-adjuvant","name":"PSK (Krestin) mushroom polysaccharide as adjuvant therapy","tldr":"PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide from the turkey tail mushroom, has been an approved adjuvant cancer drug in Japan since 1977. Meta-analyses of Japanese randomised trials in stomach and bowel cancer found a modest survival benefit added to chemotherapy, but these results have never been tested outside Japan.","route":"/technologies/psk-krestin-adjuvant/","status":"approved","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"psk-krestin-adjuvant","sections":["supportive-care","immunotherapy"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Colorectal cancer"],"year":["1977"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1977"},"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":1977}},{"id":"ravulizumab","name":"Ravulizumab","tldr":"Ravulizumab is an eight-weekly infusion that blocks the complement system; it treats paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, a clonal bone marrow disorder managed by haematologists alongside aplastic anaemia and myelodysplasia.","route":"/drugs/ravulizumab/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"ravulizumab","modality":"Long-acting anti-complement C5 monoclonal antibody","sub":"Ultomiris","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms","href":"/cancers/mds/","tip":"Bone-marrow disorders where blood cells are made badly and too few reach the blood; a third progress to acute leukaemia. Treatment ranges from transfusions and growth factors to hypomethylating drugs and, for the fit, transplant."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"reflexology-cancer","name":"Reflexology","tldr":"Reflexology is foot massage guided by a map of the body that has no anatomical basis. Small trials report short-lived relaxation and pain relief similar to any gentle foot massage; guidelines list it as an option for pain only with low confidence.","route":"/technologies/reflexology-cancer/","status":"emerging","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"reflexology-cancer","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"reiki-energy-therapies","name":"Reiki, healing touch and other energy therapies","tldr":"Reiki and similar practices involve a practitioner holding hands on or near the body to channel an 'energy' that has never been detected. Trials show relaxation similar to sham sessions; they are harmless as rest, but they treat nothing.","route":"/technologies/reiki-energy-therapies/","status":"concept","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"reiki-energy-therapies","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"relaxation-guided-imagery","name":"Relaxation training and guided imagery","tldr":"Progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises and guided imagery are simple techniques that reduce anxiety and treatment-related distress during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Guidelines say they may be offered, and audio versions cost nothing.","route":"/technologies/relaxation-guided-imagery/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"relaxation-guided-imagery","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"romiplostim","name":"Romiplostim","tldr":"Romiplostim is a weekly injection that tells the bone marrow to make more platelets; it is approved for immune thrombocytopenia and for radiation injury, and is being tested for the low platelets that chemotherapy causes.","route":"/drugs/romiplostim/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"romiplostim","modality":"Thrombopoietin receptor agonist (peptibody), weekly injection","sub":"Nplate","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Acute myeloid leukaemia","Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms"],"year":["2008"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."},{"label":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms","href":"/cancers/mds/","tip":"Bone-marrow disorders where blood cells are made badly and too few reach the blood; a third progress to acute leukaemia. Treatment ranges from transfusions and growth factors to hypomethylating drugs and, for the fit, transplant."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2008"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2008}},{"id":"scalp-cooling","name":"Scalp cooling (cold caps: DigniCap, Paxman)","tldr":"A tightly fitted cap chilled to a few degrees above freezing, worn before, during and after each chemotherapy infusion, narrows the blood vessels of the scalp so less drug reaches the hair roots. In a randomised trial about half of women on taxane-based chemotherapy kept most of their hair, compared with none who went without.","route":"/technologies/scalp-cooling/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"scalp-cooling","sections":["supportive-care","chemotherapy","devices"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer","HER2-positive breast cancer","Ovarian cancer","Prostate cancer"],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"HER2-positive breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu."},{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."},{"label":"hair-loss","href":"/tagged/hair-loss/","tip":"Every record tagged hair-loss."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"shark-cartilage","name":"Shark cartilage (AE-941, Neovastat)","tldr":"The idea that sharks do not get cancer (they do) launched a supplement industry. Two randomised trials, including a large phase 3 in lung cancer, found that shark cartilage extract does nothing for survival, and the trade contributed to shark population declines.","route":"/technologies/shark-cartilage/","status":"negative","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"shark-cartilage","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"st-johns-wort-interaction","name":"St John's wort: an interaction to avoid","tldr":"St John's wort is a herbal antidepressant whose active ingredient hyperforin switches on the liver enzyme CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein pump, cutting blood levels of irinotecan's active metabolite by 42% and imatinib by about a third. It is contraindicated with most tyrosine kinase, CDK4/6 and PARP inhibitors, and its effect lasts two weeks after stopping.","route":"/technologies/st-johns-wort-interaction/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"st-johns-wort-interaction","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"supriya-mohile","name":"Supriya G. Mohile","tldr":"Led GAP70+, which showed a geriatric assessment cuts serious chemotherapy toxicity in older patients.","route":"/people/supriya-mohile/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester · Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"geriatric-oncology","href":"/tagged/geriatric-oncology/","tip":"Every record tagged geriatric-oncology."},{"label":"toxicity","href":"/tagged/toxicity/","tip":"Every record tagged toxicity."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"tai-chi-qigong","name":"Tai chi and qigong","tldr":"Slow, low-impact movement practices from Chinese tradition improve fatigue, sleep and balance in people with cancer. Randomised trials are moderately sized and positive, and the 2024 fatigue guideline recommends them during treatment.","route":"/technologies/tai-chi-qigong/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"tai-chi-qigong","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"traditional-chinese-herbal-medicine","name":"Traditional Chinese herbal medicine alongside treatment","tldr":"Traditional Chinese herbal medicine prescribes individualised multi-herb decoctions, taken by most cancer patients in China to reduce chemotherapy side effects. Cochrane reviews found the hundreds of trials small, unblinded and poorly reported, so whether they help is unknown, and some herbs damage the liver or interact with tyrosine kinase inhibitors through CYP3A4.","route":"/technologies/traditional-chinese-herbal-medicine/","status":"phase-2","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"traditional-chinese-herbal-medicine","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"wigs-cranial-prosthesis","name":"Wigs, cranial prostheses and head coverings","tldr":"A wig, scarf or cap restores privacy and confidence during hair loss. In the UK wigs come on NHS prescription, free in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and in England for children, students under 19 and people on qualifying benefits; in the US a prescription for a 'cranial prosthesis' lets some insurers reimburse one, and charities give wigs free.","route":"/technologies/wigs-cranial-prosthesis/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"wigs-cranial-prosthesis","sections":["supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"yoga-cancer","name":"Yoga during and after cancer treatment","tldr":"Yoga combining postures, breathing and relaxation reduces fatigue, anxiety and low mood and improves sleep and quality of life, on the evidence of a Cochrane review of 24 randomised trials in women with breast cancer. SIO-ASCO guidelines recommend it for fatigue and anxiety during treatment; it does not replace aerobic and resistance exercise.","route":"/technologies/yoga-cancer/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"yoga-cancer","sections":["supportive-care","nutrition-lifestyle"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"tags":[{"label":"complementary","href":"/tagged/complementary/","tip":"Every record tagged complementary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}}]