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A negative result does not rule out an inherited BRCA change, because most such changes are not on the list.","route":"/drugs/23andme-brca-report/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"23andme-brca-report","modality":"Direct-to-consumer saliva genetic test (genotyping) for selected BRCA1/BRCA2 variants","sub":"23andMe PGS Genetic Health Risk Report for BRCA1/BRCA2 (Selected Variants)","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"23andme-mutyh-report","name":"23andMe Genetic Health Risk Report for MUTYH-Associated Polyposis","tldr":"A saliva test sold directly to the public that looks for two common changes in the MUTYH gene, which in two copies cause an inherited bowel polyp condition. A negative result does not rule out other MUTYH changes.","route":"/drugs/23andme-mutyh-report/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"23andme-mutyh-report","modality":"Direct-to-consumer saliva genetic test (genotyping) for two MUTYH variants","sub":"23andMe PGS Genetic Health Risk Report for MUTYH-Associated Polyposis","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":["2019"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2019"},"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2019}},{"id":"23andme-hoxb13-report","name":"23andMe Genetic Risk Report for Hereditary Prostate Cancer (HOXB13-Related)","tldr":"A saliva test sold directly to the public that looks for one change in the HOXB13 gene, which raises a man's risk of prostate cancer. A negative result does not rule out other inherited prostate cancer risk.","route":"/drugs/23andme-hoxb13-report/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"23andme-hoxb13-report","modality":"Direct-to-consumer saliva genetic test (genotyping) for the HOXB13 G84E variant","sub":"23andMe PGS Genetic Health Risk Report for Hereditary Prostate Cancer (HOXB13-Related)","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":["2022"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2022"},"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2022}},{"id":"4kscore","name":"4Kscore Test (OPKO Health)","tldr":"A blood test that estimates the chance that a biopsy would find an aggressive prostate cancer, approved by the FDA in December 2021 for men 45 and older with an abnormal PSA or examination.","route":"/drugs/4kscore/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"4kscore","modality":"Blood test combining four kallikrein measurements with clinical information","sub":"4Kscore","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2021"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2021"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2021}},{"id":"abbott-realtime-idh1","name":"Abbott RealTime IDH1","tldr":"The FDA-approved test that finds an IDH1 mutation in acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, which makes a person eligible for an IDH1 inhibitor.","route":"/drugs/abbott-realtime-idh1/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"abbott-realtime-idh1","modality":"PCR companion diagnostic test (IDH1 mutations, blood or bone marrow)","sub":"Abbott RealTime IDH1","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Acute myeloid leukaemia","Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."},{"label":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms","href":"/cancers/mds/","tip":"Bone-marrow disorders where blood cells are made badly and too few reach the blood; a third progress to acute leukaemia. Treatment ranges from transfusions and growth factors to hypomethylating drugs and, for the fit, transplant."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"abbott-realtime-idh2","name":"Abbott RealTime IDH2","tldr":"The FDA-approved test that finds an IDH2 mutation in acute myeloid leukaemia, the gateway to enasidenib.","route":"/drugs/abbott-realtime-idh2/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"abbott-realtime-idh2","modality":"PCR companion diagnostic test (IDH2 mutations, blood or bone marrow)","sub":"Abbott RealTime IDH2","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Acute myeloid leukaemia"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"accuscan-mrd","name":"AccuScan","tldr":"A whole-genome blood test for leftover cancer from AccuraGen that corrects sequencing errors read by read, so it can add up thousands of a tumour's mutations.","route":"/drugs/accuscan-mrd/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"accuscan-mrd","modality":"Tumour-informed whole-genome ctDNA minimal residual disease test (single-read error correction)","sub":"AccuScan","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Oesophageal cancer","Melanoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."},{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."}],"tags":[{"label":"mrd","href":"/tagged/mrd/","tip":"Every record tagged mrd."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"adela-mced","name":"Adela multi-cancer methylome test","tldr":"Adela's blood test in development for 20 cancer types, built on reading DNA methylation across the whole genome; no peer-reviewed screening results yet.","route":"/drugs/adela-mced/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"adela-mced","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test in development (genome-wide methylome enrichment)","sub":"Adela","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"afirma","name":"Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier","tldr":"A gene test on the needle sample from a thyroid lump that can safely call an 'uncertain' result benign and spare an operation.","route":"/drugs/afirma/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"afirma","modality":"RNA-sequencing rule-out classifier test (indeterminate thyroid nodules)","sub":"Afirma GSC","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Thyroid cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Thyroid cancer","href":"/cancers/thyroid/","tip":"Thyroid cancer is usually curable with surgery and radioactive iodine, the original theranostic. Rare aggressive forms respond to RET and BRAF inhibitors."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"dako-er-pr-ihc","name":"Agilent (Dako) ER and PR immunohistochemistry: ER/PR pharmDx, ER clone EP1, PR clones PgR 636 and PgR 1294","tldr":"Dako's antibodies and kit for staining the oestrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer tissue, cleared by the FDA between 2002 and 2017; Dako is now part of Agilent.","route":"/drugs/dako-er-pr-ihc/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"dako-er-pr-ihc","modality":"Immunohistochemistry assay (oestrogen and progesterone receptor protein, breast tumour tissue)","sub":"Dako ER/PR","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2005"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2005"},"tags":[{"label":"ihc-assay","href":"/tagged/ihc-assay/","tip":"Every record tagged ihc-assay."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2005}},{"id":"ai-cancerch","name":"ai-CANCERCH","tldr":"GC Genome's blood test from South Korea, launched in 2023 for six cancers, built on a method published with KAIST.","route":"/drugs/ai-cancerch/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"ai-cancerch","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test (low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, fragmentomics)","sub":"ai-CANCERCH","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"alinity-m-hr-hpv","name":"Alinity m HR HPV (Abbott)","tldr":"Abbott's laboratory HPV test, approved by the FDA in November 2023 for primary cervical screening and in 2025 for self-collected samples taken in a clinic.","route":"/drugs/alinity-m-hr-hpv/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"alinity-m-hr-hpv","modality":"HPV DNA test for cervical screening","sub":"Alinity m HR HPV","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"altera","name":"Altera","tldr":"Natera's tumour gene test, which reads every gene's DNA and RNA and can be ordered on the same sample as its Signatera blood test for recurrence.","route":"/drugs/altera/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"altera","modality":"Tumour profiling test (whole exome, whole transcriptome and immunohistochemistry)","sub":"Altera","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"aminoindex-cancer-screening","name":"AminoIndex Cancer Screening (AICS)","tldr":"Ajinomoto's Japanese blood test that ranks the risk of several cancers separately from amino acid levels; in a validation of 10,245 people it found 34 cancers.","route":"/drugs/aminoindex-cancer-screening/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"aminoindex-cancer-screening","modality":"Cancer risk blood test (plasma free amino acids), separate scores per cancer","sub":"AminoIndex","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"aptima-hpv","name":"Aptima HPV Assay and Aptima HPV 16 18/45 Genotype Assay","tldr":"An HPV test that detects the virus's E6/E7 messenger RNA rather than its DNA, approved by the FDA in 2011, with a follow-on test that names types 16, 18 and 45.","route":"/drugs/aptima-hpv/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"aptima-hpv","modality":"HPV messenger RNA test for cervical screening","sub":"Aptima HPV","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["2011"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2011"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2011}},{"id":"archer-fusionplex","name":"Archer FusionPlex panels","tldr":"Laboratory kits that read tumour RNA to find gene fusions without needing to know the partner gene in advance; sold for research use, they are widely built into laboratories' own tests.","route":"/drugs/archer-fusionplex/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"archer-fusionplex","modality":"Targeted RNA fusion assay panels for laboratories (research use only)","sub":"FusionPlex","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"anchordx-aurora","name":"Aurora (AnchorDx)","tldr":"A methylation blood test for six common cancers announced by AnchorDx of Guangzhou in 2020 at a target cost of about $100; whether it reached the market could not be confirmed.","route":"/drugs/anchordx-aurora/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"anchordx-aurora","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test in development (cell-free DNA methylation)","sub":"Aurora","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"automated-pap-screening-readers","name":"Automated Pap slide readers: BD FocalPoint and the ThinPrep Imaging System","tldr":"Machines that scan Pap slides and point the human reader to the cells most likely to be abnormal, approved in the United States from 1995 onwards.","route":"/drugs/automated-pap-screening-readers/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"automated-pap-screening-readers","modality":"Automated Pap test slide reader (computer-assisted cervical cytology screening)","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["1995"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1995"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":1995}},{"id":"avantect-mcd","name":"Avantect Multi-Cancer Detection Test","tldr":"ClearNote Health's blood test for several cancers, one of the two tests in the US National Cancer Institute's randomised Vanguard study, with no published performance figures yet.","route":"/drugs/avantect-mcd/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"avantect-mcd","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test (cell-free DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine)","sub":"Avantect","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"bd-onclarity-hpv","name":"BD Onclarity HPV Assay (extended genotyping)","tldr":"BD's laboratory HPV test, approved in 2018, which since 2024 names six high-risk virus types separately, helping decide who needs colposcopy, and accepts samples women take themselves.","route":"/drugs/bd-onclarity-hpv/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"bd-onclarity-hpv","modality":"HPV DNA test (PCR) with extended genotyping, for cervical screening","sub":"BD Onclarity HPV","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"bd-surepath","name":"BD SurePath liquid-based Pap test and PrepStain slide processor","tldr":"BD's liquid-based Pap test, approved in 1999 as AutoCyte PREP and renamed SurePath in 2001.","route":"/drugs/bd-surepath/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"bd-surepath","modality":"Liquid-based cervical cytology (Pap test) slide processor","sub":"BD SurePath","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["1999"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1999"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":1999}},{"id":"blueprint","name":"BluePrint","tldr":"An 80-gene tissue test that sorts an early breast cancer into one of three biological types, used alongside MammaPrint.","route":"/drugs/blueprint/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"blueprint","modality":"Gene-expression molecular subtyping assay (80 genes, breast cancer)","sub":"BluePrint","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"bond-oracle-her2-ihc","name":"Bond Oracle HER2 IHC System","tldr":"Leica's HER2 stain for breast cancer, listed by the FDA as a companion to trastuzumab.","route":"/drugs/bond-oracle-her2-ihc/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"bond-oracle-her2-ihc","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay (HER2 protein, breast tumour tissue)","sub":"Bond Oracle HER2 IHC System","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HER2-positive breast cancer"],"year":["2012"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HER2-positive breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2012"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2012}},{"id":"bracanalysis-cdx","name":"BRACAnalysis CDx","tldr":"The inherited BRCA test that decides who can have PARP inhibitor pills for ovarian, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer.","route":"/drugs/bracanalysis-cdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"bracanalysis-cdx","modality":"Germline BRCA1/2 sequencing companion diagnostic test","sub":"BRACAnalysis CDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Ovarian cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Prostate cancer"],"year":["2014"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2014"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2014}},{"id":"ambry-brcaplus","name":"BRCAplus (Ambry Genetics)","tldr":"A blood test from Ambry Genetics for 13 genes linked to inherited breast cancer, including BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and TP53.","route":"/drugs/ambry-brcaplus/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"ambry-brcaplus","modality":"Germline breast cancer gene panel (laboratory-developed test)","sub":"BRCAplus","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"breast-cancer-index","name":"Breast Cancer Index","tldr":"The only test designed to tell a woman who has finished five years of hormone therapy whether another five years is worth the side effects.","route":"/drugs/breast-cancer-index/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"breast-cancer-index","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic and predictive assay (extended endocrine therapy benefit)","sub":"Breast Cancer Index (BCI)","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"brprophet","name":"brPROPHET","tldr":"Burning Rock's personalised blood test for leftover lung cancer after surgery, which tracks up to 50 of the tumour's own mutations.","route":"/drugs/brprophet/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"brprophet","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (up to 50 variants, hybrid capture)","sub":"brPROPHET","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. 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Genomic profiling finds a drug target in about a third of cases and tumour-agnostic approvals apply directly; the rest still rely on general-purpose chemotherapy, which is what those tests are changing."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"carcimun-test","name":"Carcimun test","tldr":"A German blood test that measures how blood proteins change shape; the only studies are small, run with the inventor, and do not say how often it finds early cancers.","route":"/drugs/carcimun-test/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"carcimun-test","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test (optical extinction of plasma protein conformation)","sub":"Carcimun","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"cintec-plus-cytology","name":"CINtec PLUS Cytology (p16/Ki-67 dual stain)","tldr":"A stain on cervical cells that helps decide which women with a positive HPV test need colposcopy, approved by the FDA in 2020.","route":"/drugs/cintec-plus-cytology/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"cintec-plus-cytology","modality":"Immunocytochemistry dual-stain test for triage of HPV-positive screens","sub":"CINtec PLUS","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["2020"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2020"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2020}},{"id":"clonoseq","name":"clonoSEQ","tldr":"A DNA test that counts leftover leukaemia, myeloma or lymphoma cells down to one in a million, used to decide whether treatment has really worked.","route":"/drugs/clonoseq/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"clonoseq","modality":"NGS minimal residual disease test (immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor clonotypes)","sub":"clonoSEQ","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","Multiple myeloma","Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","Mantle cell lymphoma"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/all-leukemia/","tip":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the childhood cancer success story, and was the first disease treated with CAR-T and with a T-cell engager."},{"label":"Multiple myeloma","href":"/cancers/multiple-myeloma/","tip":"Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC."},{"label":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cll/","tip":"A slow leukaemia that no longer needs chemotherapy: BTK inhibitors and venetoclax control it for years, often in fixed-duration courses."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"cobas-4800-braf-v600","name":"cobas 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test","tldr":"The BRAF test for melanoma approved as companion to vemurafenib in 2011 and to cobimetinib with vemurafenib in 2016.","route":"/drugs/cobas-4800-braf-v600/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"cobas-4800-braf-v600","modality":"Real-time PCR companion diagnostic test (BRAF V600, melanoma tissue)","sub":"cobas 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Melanoma"],"year":["2011"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2011"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2011}},{"id":"cobas-egfr-mutation-test","name":"cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2","tldr":"The lung cancer gene test that became the first blood-based companion diagnostic the FDA ever approved.","route":"/drugs/cobas-egfr-mutation-test/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"cobas-egfr-mutation-test","modality":"Real-time PCR companion diagnostic test (tissue and plasma)","sub":"cobas EGFR Mutation Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2013"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2013"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2013}},{"id":"cobas-hpv","name":"cobas HPV test (Roche)","tldr":"Roche's laboratory test for 14 high-risk HPV types, approved by the FDA for primary cervical screening and, since 2024, for samples women take themselves in a clinic.","route":"/drugs/cobas-hpv/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"cobas-hpv","modality":"HPV DNA test (PCR) for cervical screening","sub":"cobas HPV","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["2011"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2011"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2011}},{"id":"cologuard","name":"Cologuard","tldr":"A home stool test done every three years that looks for cancer DNA and hidden blood; a positive result means you need a colonoscopy.","route":"/drugs/cologuard/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"cologuard","modality":"Multitarget stool DNA colorectal cancer screening test","sub":"Cologuard","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2014"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2014"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2014}},{"id":"cologuard-plus","name":"Cologuard Plus","tldr":"The updated Cologuard, approved in 2024, which keeps the high cancer detection rate while causing fewer false alarms.","route":"/drugs/cologuard-plus/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"cologuard-plus","modality":"Next-generation multitarget stool DNA colorectal cancer screening test","sub":"Cologuard Plus","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2024"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2024"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2024}},{"id":"color-hereditary-cancer-test","name":"Color Hereditary Cancer Test","tldr":"Color Health's test of 29 genes linked to inherited breast, ovarian, bowel, stomach, pancreatic, prostate and skin cancer risk.","route":"/drugs/color-hereditary-cancer-test/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"color-hereditary-cancer-test","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel (laboratory-developed test)","sub":"Color Hereditary Cancer Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"crcdx-ras","name":"CRCDx RAS Mutation Detection Assay Kit","tldr":"A PCR test that confirms a bowel cancer has no KRAS or NRAS mutation before panitumumab.","route":"/drugs/crcdx-ras/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"crcdx-ras","modality":"Real-time PCR companion diagnostic test (KRAS and NRAS, colorectal tumour tissue)","sub":"CRCdx RAS Mutation Detection","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"cxbladder","name":"Cxbladder","tldr":"A urine test that can rule out bladder cancer in people with blood in their urine, so fewer need a camera examination of the bladder.","route":"/drugs/cxbladder/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"cxbladder","modality":"Urine mRNA biomarker test (bladder cancer detection and surveillance)","sub":"Cxbladder Detect / Triage / Monitor","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Bladder & urothelial cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"decipher-bladder","name":"Decipher Bladder","tldr":"A tissue test that sorts a bladder cancer into molecular types, which may help judge how it will respond to chemotherapy before surgery.","route":"/drugs/decipher-bladder/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"decipher-bladder","modality":"Gene-expression molecular subtyping classifier (219 genes, bladder cancer)","sub":"Decipher Bladder","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer","Bladder & urothelial cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer","href":"/cancers/muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/","tip":"Once bladder cancer has grown into the muscle it needs more than scraping out: chemotherapy then removal of the bladder, or chemoradiation to keep it. For cancer that has spread, the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin with pembrolizumab has replaced platinum chemotherapy as the first treatment."},{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"decisiondx-melanoma","name":"DecisionDx-Melanoma","tldr":"A tissue test for stage I to III skin melanoma that measures 31 genes to estimate the chance of the melanoma spreading.","route":"/drugs/decisiondx-melanoma/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"decisiondx-melanoma","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (31-gene RT-PCR, cutaneous melanoma)","sub":"DecisionDx-Melanoma","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Melanoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"decisiondx-scc","name":"DecisionDx-SCC","tldr":"A tissue test for high-risk squamous cell skin cancer that measures 40 genes to estimate the chance of spread; Medicare does not cover it.","route":"/drugs/decisiondx-scc/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"decisiondx-scc","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (40-gene RT-PCR, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma)","sub":"DecisionDx-SCC","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/cutaneous-scc/","tip":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"decisiondx-um","name":"DecisionDx-UM","tldr":"A test on a small sample of an eye melanoma that measures 15 transcripts to estimate how likely it is to spread, often to the liver.","route":"/drugs/decisiondx-um/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"decisiondx-um","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (15 transcripts, uveal melanoma)","sub":"DecisionDx-UM","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Uveal melanoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Uveal melanoma","href":"/cancers/uveal-melanoma/","tip":"A melanoma inside the eye that is biologically unrelated to skin melanoma: different mutations, no response to standard immunotherapy, and a tendency to spread to the liver years later. Tebentafusp is the first drug ever to extend survival in the metastatic disease."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"digene-hc2-hpv","name":"digene Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) High-Risk HPV DNA Test","tldr":"Qiagen's hybrid capture HPV test, approved by the FDA in 2003 for use with the Pap test in women 30 and older and for sorting out borderline Pap results.","route":"/drugs/digene-hc2-hpv/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"digene-hc2-hpv","modality":"HPV DNA test (hybrid capture, signal amplification) for cervical screening","sub":"hc2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Cervical cancer"],"year":["1991"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. 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Glioblastoma is the hardest to treat: surgery, radiotherapy with temozolomide and tumour treating fields are its backbone, with CAR-T into the brain and focused ultrasound in trials."}],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"dako-egfr-pharmdx","name":"EGFR pharmDx","tldr":"The 2004 EGFR protein stain approved with cetuximab for bowel cancer; the FDA database records it as withdrawn in 2024.","route":"/drugs/dako-egfr-pharmdx/","status":"withdrawn","kind":"drug","molecule":"dako-egfr-pharmdx","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay (EGFR protein, colorectal tumour tissue)","sub":"Dako EGFR pharmDx Kit","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2004"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2004"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2004}},{"id":"gagome-mced-test","name":"Elypta GAGome multi-cancer test","tldr":"A test in development from Elypta in Sweden that reads sugar molecules in urine and blood rather than DNA, aiming to flag many cancers including some that DNA tests find hard to see.","route":"/drugs/gagome-mced-test/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"gagome-mced-test","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection test in development (urine and plasma glycosaminoglycans)","sub":"GAGome","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"natera-empower","name":"Empower Hereditary Cancer Test (Natera)","tldr":"Natera's blood test for inherited cancer risk, offered as fixed gene panels or a gene list the clinician builds.","route":"/drugs/natera-empower/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"natera-empower","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel (laboratory-developed test)","sub":"Empower","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"endopredict","name":"EndoPredict","tldr":"A 12-gene test that combines gene activity with tumour size and lymph nodes to say whether hormone therapy alone is enough, and whether to continue it beyond five years.","route":"/drugs/endopredict/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"endopredict","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (12-gene EPclin score)","sub":"EndoPredict","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"enspyre-mrd","name":"Enspyre","tldr":"An experimental blood test from Biofidelity in Cambridge that enriches the tumour's mutated DNA before sequencing, so it needs far less sequencing to find leftover cancer.","route":"/drugs/enspyre-mrd/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"enspyre-mrd","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease assay (mutation enrichment, shallow sequencing)","sub":"Enspyre","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[{"label":"mrd","href":"/tagged/mrd/","tip":"Every record tagged mrd."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"epi-procolon","name":"Epi proColon (Septin 9 blood test for bowel cancer)","tldr":"The first FDA-approved blood test for bowel cancer screening (2016), meant only for people who have been offered and declined the recommended screening tests.","route":"/drugs/epi-procolon/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"epi-procolon","modality":"Blood test for methylated Septin 9 DNA (colorectal screening)","sub":"Epi proColon","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"epipangi-dx","name":"EpiPanGI Dx","tldr":"A research blood test that looks for six digestive-system cancers at once and predicts which organ the signal comes from.","route":"/drugs/epipangi-dx/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"epipangi-dx","modality":"Gastrointestinal multi-cancer blood test, academic research assay (cell-free DNA methylation)","sub":"EpiPanGI Dx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Oesophageal cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."}],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"exodx-prostate","name":"ExoDx Prostate (IntelliScore)","tldr":"A urine test that reads three genes from tiny vesicles shed by the prostate to estimate the chance of a significant prostate cancer, to help decide whether a biopsy is needed.","route":"/drugs/exodx-prostate/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"exodx-prostate","modality":"Urine extracellular vesicle RNA test (3 genes, prostate biopsy decision)","sub":"Exo mdx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"fludeoxyglucose-f18","name":"Fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG)","tldr":"The radioactive sugar used in almost every cancer PET scan, approved in the 1990s and made fresh each day by regional cyclotrons.","route":"/drugs/fludeoxyglucose-f18/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"fludeoxyglucose-f18","modality":"PET imaging agent (glucose analogue)","sub":"FDG (multiple manufacturers)","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":["1994"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1994"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":1994}},{"id":"foresight-clarity","name":"Foresight CLARITY","tldr":"A blood test for leftover lymphoma that looks for several of the tumour's mutations sitting on the same piece of DNA, which lets it see far smaller traces than tests that look for one mutation at a time.","route":"/drugs/foresight-clarity/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"foresight-clarity","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (phased variants, PhasED-Seq)","sub":"Foresight CLARITY","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."}],"tags":[{"label":"mrd","href":"/tagged/mrd/","tip":"Every record tagged mrd."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"foundationfocus-cdxbrca","name":"FoundationFocus CDxBRCA","tldr":"Foundation Medicine's first FDA-approved test, a BRCA test for rucaparib in ovarian cancer, since withdrawn in the FDA database.","route":"/drugs/foundationfocus-cdxbrca/","status":"withdrawn","kind":"drug","molecule":"foundationfocus-cdxbrca","modality":"Tissue NGS companion diagnostic test (BRCA1 and BRCA2)","sub":"FoundationFocus CDxBRCA","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Ovarian cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"foundationone-germline","name":"FoundationOne Germline and FoundationOne Germline More","tldr":"Foundation Medicine's tests of inherited cancer genes from blood or saliva, which can be ordered alongside its tumour profiling: 50 genes, or 154 in the expanded version.","route":"/drugs/foundationone-germline/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"foundationone-germline","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel (laboratory-developed test)","sub":"FoundationOne Germline","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"foundationone-heme","name":"FoundationOne Heme","tldr":"Foundation Medicine's gene test for blood cancers such as leukaemia and lymphoma, which reads RNA as well as DNA so that it finds gene fusions.","route":"/drugs/foundationone-heme/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"foundationone-heme","modality":"Genomic profiling test for blood cancers (DNA and RNA sequencing)","sub":"FoundationOne Heme","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"foundationone-mrd","name":"FoundationOne MRD","tldr":"Foundation Medicine's blood test for breast cancer coming back, launched in May 2026; it is SAGA Diagnostics' Pathlight test, which Medicare already covered.","route":"/drugs/foundationone-mrd/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"foundationone-mrd","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (whole-genome design, digital PCR of up to 16 structural variants)","sub":"FoundationOne MRD","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","HER2-positive breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"HER2-positive breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"foundationone-rna","name":"FoundationOne RNA","tldr":"An add-on to Foundation Medicine's tumour DNA test that reads RNA to find gene fusions, some of which DNA testing misses.","route":"/drugs/foundationone-rna/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"foundationone-rna","modality":"Targeted tumour RNA sequencing test (fusions in 318 genes)","sub":"FoundationOne RNA","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"galleri","name":"Galleri","tldr":"GRAIL's blood test that looks for a signal from more than 50 cancers at once; an FDA advisory panel voted in its favour in September 2026, but in the NHS-Galleri randomised trial three yearly tests did not reduce the number of cancers found at a late stage.","route":"/drugs/galleri/","status":"phase-3","kind":"drug","molecule":"galleri","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. 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Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. 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For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2024"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2024}},{"id":"guardant-reveal","name":"Guardant Reveal","tldr":"A blood test for leftover cancer after surgery that needs no tumour sample, so results come faster than tumour-informed tests.","route":"/drugs/guardant-reveal/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"guardant-reveal","modality":"Tumour-naive ctDNA minimal residual disease test (methylation and genomic)","sub":"Guardant Reveal","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"guardant360-cdx","name":"Guardant360 CDx","tldr":"A blood test that reads a tumour's mutations without a tissue biopsy and is the FDA-approved gateway to several targeted drugs.","route":"/drugs/guardant360-cdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"guardant360-cdx","modality":"Liquid biopsy companion diagnostic test (NGS, cfDNA)","sub":"Guardant360 CDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2020"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. 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Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."}],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"haystack-mrd","name":"Haystack MRD","tldr":"Quest Diagnostics' blood test for leftover cancer after surgery, with an FDA Breakthrough Device designation in stage II bowel cancer.","route":"/drugs/haystack-mrd/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"haystack-mrd","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (up to 50 variants)","sub":"Haystack MRD","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"helix-hereditary-cancer","name":"Helix Hereditary Comprehensive Cancer Panel","tldr":"Helix's test of 70 genes linked to inherited cancer risk, registered with the US genetic testing registry in 2026.","route":"/drugs/helix-hereditary-cancer/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"helix-hereditary-cancer","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel (laboratory-developed test)","sub":"Helix Hereditary Comprehensive Cancer Panel","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"her2-fish-pharmdx","name":"HER2 FISH pharmDx Kit","tldr":"Dako's HER2 gene test, listed as companion to trastuzumab, pertuzumab and trastuzumab emtansine.","route":"/drugs/her2-fish-pharmdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"her2-fish-pharmdx","modality":"FISH companion diagnostic test (HER2 gene amplification, tumour tissue)","sub":"HER2 FISH pharmDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HER2-positive breast cancer","HER2-positive gastric cancer"],"year":["2005"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HER2-positive breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu."},{"label":"HER2-positive gastric cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive gastric cancer overexpresses the HER2 growth receptor and is treated with trastuzumab added to chemotherapy, now usually with pembrolizumab as well. After progression the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan gives responses that plain chemotherapy cannot."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2005"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2005}},{"id":"her2-testing-assays","name":"HER2 IHC and ISH companion assays (HercepTest, PATHWAY 4B5, HER2 Dual ISH)","tldr":"The tests that grade a breast or stomach cancer's HER2 level, from the original trastuzumab test in 1998 to the new 'HER2-low' and 'ultralow' cut-offs.","route":"/drugs/her2-testing-assays/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"her2-testing-assays","modality":"HER2 immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation companion diagnostic assays","sub":"HercepTest / PATHWAY anti-HER2 (4B5) / INFORM HER2 Dual ISH","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HER2-positive breast cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["1998"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HER2-positive breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1998"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":1998}},{"id":"hifi-pan-cancer-screening","name":"HIFI Pan-Cancer Screening (Berry Oncology)","tldr":"Berry Oncology's blood test for six cancers common in China, launched in 2022; its accuracy figures are the company's own and no peer-reviewed multi-cancer paper was found.","route":"/drugs/hifi-pan-cancer-screening/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"hifi-pan-cancer-screening","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test (whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA)","sub":"HIFI","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Lung cancer","Oesophageal cancer","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."}],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hrc-test","name":"HrC test (Epigeneres)","tldr":"A Mumbai company's blood test that scores one embryonic gene and claims to detect and stage any cancer; the published support is the company's own description and case studies, without accuracy figures.","route":"/drugs/hrc-test/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"hrc-test","modality":"Cancer blood test (OCT-4A expression in peripheral blood)","sub":"HrC","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"idylla-cdx-msi","name":"Idylla CDx MSI Test","tldr":"A test that finds MSI-high bowel cancer, the group that can be treated with nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab.","route":"/drugs/idylla-cdx-msi/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"idylla-cdx-msi","modality":"Nucleic acid companion diagnostic test (microsatellite instability, colorectal tumour tissue)","sub":"Idylla CDx MSI Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}},{"id":"illuccix","name":"Illuccix (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide)","tldr":"Telix's ready-to-label kit that lets any nuclear medicine department make the gallium PSMA scan for prostate cancer.","route":"/drugs/illuccix/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"illuccix","modality":"PET imaging agent kit (PSMA, gallium-68)","sub":"Illuccix / Gozellix","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2021"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2021"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2021}},{"id":"immunocyt","name":"ImmunoCyt (urine immunocytology for bladder cancer)","tldr":"A urine cell test cleared by the FDA in 2000 for monitoring bladder cancer; with ordinary urine cytology it finds more cancers than cytology alone, at the cost of more false positives.","route":"/drugs/immunocyt/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"immunocyt","modality":"Urine immunocytology test (bladder cancer monitoring)","sub":"ImmunoCyt","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Bladder & urothelial cancer"],"year":["2000"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2000"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2000}},{"id":"inspector-mced","name":"INSPECTOR methylation test (Geneplus)","tldr":"A methylation blood test for eight cancers from Geneplus-Beijing and Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, which found about eight in ten cancers in people already diagnosed; it has not been tested in a screening population.","route":"/drugs/inspector-mced/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"inspector-mced","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test in development (enzyme-assisted cell-free DNA methylation sequencing)","sub":"INSPECTOR","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"invitae-common-hereditary-cancers-panel","name":"Invitae Common Hereditary Cancers Panel","tldr":"A blood test of 47 genes, authorised by the US regulator and ordered by a clinician, that finds inherited changes which raise cancer risk or explain a cancer already diagnosed.","route":"/drugs/invitae-common-hereditary-cancers-panel/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"invitae-common-hereditary-cancers-panel","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel test (FDA De Novo)","sub":"Invitae Common Hereditary Cancers Panel","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"invitae-multi-cancer-panel","name":"Invitae Multi-Cancer Panel","tldr":"Invitae's broad blood test for inherited cancer risk across many cancer types, now sold under Labcorp.","route":"/drugs/invitae-multi-cancer-panel/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"invitae-multi-cancer-panel","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel (laboratory-developed test)","sub":"Invitae Multi-Cancer Panel","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"isopsa","name":"IsoPSA Assay (Cleveland Diagnostics)","tldr":"A blood test approved by the FDA in November 2025 to help decide on a prostate biopsy in men 50 and older with a PSA between 4 and 10.","route":"/drugs/isopsa/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"isopsa","modality":"Blood test combining partitioned PSA results into one index","sub":"IsoPSA","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}},{"id":"arup-kit-d816v","name":"KIT D816V Assay (ARUP Laboratories)","tldr":"The bone marrow test the FDA lists with imatinib for aggressive systemic mastocytosis, approved as a humanitarian device for a rare disease.","route":"/drugs/arup-kit-d816v/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"arup-kit-d816v","modality":"KIT D816V mutation detection test (bone marrow), Humanitarian Device Exemption","sub":"KIT D816V Assay","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Systemic mastocytosis"],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Systemic mastocytosis","href":"/cancers/systemic-mastocytosis/","tip":"Systemic mastocytosis is a clonal disease of mast cells, the immune cells that release histamine; almost every case is driven by a single mutation in the KIT gene. Precise KIT-blocking pills now shrink the mast cell burden, ease symptoms and, in the aggressive forms, prolong life. Most patients have the indolent form, where the goal is controlling symptoms and preventing anaphylaxis."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"labcorp-plasma-detect","name":"Labcorp Plasma Detect","tldr":"Labcorp's blood tests for leftover cancer: a whole-genome version for stage III colon cancer and a personalised-panel version for early breast and lung cancer.","route":"/drugs/labcorp-plasma-detect/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"labcorp-plasma-detect","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (whole-genome and whole-exome designs)","sub":"Labcorp Plasma Detect","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"leica-er-pr-ihc","name":"Leica Biosystems ER clone 6F11 and PR clone 16 antibodies (Novocastra, BOND)","tldr":"Leica's antibodies for staining the oestrogen receptor (clone 6F11) and progesterone receptor (clone 16) in breast cancer tissue, including ready-to-use versions for its BOND stainers.","route":"/drugs/leica-er-pr-ihc/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"leica-er-pr-ihc","modality":"Immunohistochemistry assay (oestrogen and progesterone receptor protein, breast tumour tissue)","sub":"Novocastra ER 6F11 / PR 16","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2006"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2006"},"tags":[{"label":"ihc-assay","href":"/tagged/ihc-assay/","tip":"Every record tagged ihc-assay."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2006}},{"id":"leukostrat-cdx-flt3","name":"LeukoStrat CDx FLT3 Mutation Assay","tldr":"The FDA-approved test that decides whether a person with acute myeloid leukaemia has a FLT3 mutation and so can be offered a FLT3 inhibitor.","route":"/drugs/leukostrat-cdx-flt3/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"leukostrat-cdx-flt3","modality":"PCR companion diagnostic test (FLT3 ITD and TKD mutations, blood or bone marrow)","sub":"LeukoStrat CDx FLT3","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Acute myeloid leukaemia"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/aml/","tip":"Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"locametz","name":"Locametz (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide)","tldr":"Novartis' gallium PSMA scan kit, approved the same day as Pluvicto as the test that qualifies men for that radioactive drug.","route":"/drugs/locametz/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"locametz","modality":"PET imaging agent kit (PSMA, gallium-68)","sub":"Locametz","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2022"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2022"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2022}},{"id":"lunit-insight-mmg","name":"Lunit INSIGHT MMG","tldr":"A Korean AI mammography reader used in screening programmes in Sweden and Australia and cleared in the US and Europe.","route":"/drugs/lunit-insight-mmg/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"lunit-insight-mmg","modality":"AI mammography detection software","sub":"Lunit INSIGHT MMG","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2019"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2019"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2019}},{"id":"mage-a4-ihc-1f9-pharmdx","name":"MAGE-A4 IHC 1F9 pharmDx","tldr":"The stain that shows whether a synovial sarcoma makes MAGE-A4, the target of the engineered T-cell therapy afamitresgene autoleucel.","route":"/drugs/mage-a4-ihc-1f9-pharmdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"mage-a4-ihc-1f9-pharmdx","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay (MAGE-A4 protein, sarcoma tissue)","sub":"MAGE-A4 IHC 1F9 pharmDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Synovial sarcoma"],"year":["2024"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Synovial sarcoma","href":"/cancers/synovial-sarcoma/","tip":"Synovial sarcoma is a young person's sarcoma driven by a single fusion gene, SS18-SSX, that scrambles how genes are switched on. It is treated with surgery, radiotherapy and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy, and in 2024 it became the first solid tumour with an approved engineered T-cell receptor therapy."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2024"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2024}},{"id":"caris-mi-cancer-seek","name":"MI Cancer Seek","tldr":"The first FDA-approved test that sequences all of a tumour's genes and gene activity at once, used to match patients to several targeted drugs.","route":"/drugs/caris-mi-cancer-seek/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"caris-mi-cancer-seek","modality":"Whole-exome and whole-transcriptome companion diagnostic test","sub":"MI Cancer Seek","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer","Melanoma","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":["2024"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2024"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2024}},{"id":"caris-mi-profile","name":"MI Profile","tldr":"Caris Life Sciences' tissue test that reads every gene's DNA and RNA and stains for tumour proteins, offered outside the United States and Europe.","route":"/drugs/caris-mi-profile/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"caris-mi-profile","modality":"Tumour profiling test (whole exome, whole transcriptome and immunohistochemistry)","sub":"MI Profile","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Metastatic cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Metastatic cancer","href":"/cancers/metastatic-cancer/","tip":"Metastatic cancer means the original cancer has spread to other parts of the body, most often the bones, liver, lungs or brain. It keeps the name of where it started, is treated with therapies that reach the whole body, and can increasingly be controlled for years; with limited spread it is sometimes treated with the aim of cure."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"kheiron-mia","name":"Mia (Mammography Intelligent Assessment)","tldr":"A London-built breast screening AI trialled across NHS sites as a second reader, now folded into RadNet's DeepHealth after a 2024 acquisition.","route":"/drugs/kheiron-mia/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"kheiron-mia","modality":"AI mammography detection software (independent or second reader)","sub":"Mia","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2019"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2019"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2019}},{"id":"minerva-prime","name":"MinerVa Prime","tldr":"Genecast's personalised blood test for leftover cancer, used to follow patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer after surgery in the EVIDENCE trial.","route":"/drugs/minerva-prime/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"minerva-prime","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (up to 52 variants plus a hotspot panel)","sub":"MinerVa Prime","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[{"label":"mrd","href":"/tagged/mrd/","tip":"Every record tagged mrd."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mir-sentinel","name":"miR Sentinel","tldr":"A urine test that reads small RNAs from tiny vesicles to detect prostate cancer and judge its grade, so far validated in a case-control study.","route":"/drugs/mir-sentinel/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"mir-sentinel","modality":"Urine extracellular vesicle small non-coding RNA test (prostate cancer)","sub":"miR Sentinel","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mmr-ihc-panel-pharmdx","name":"MMR IHC Panel pharmDx (Dako Omnis)","tldr":"Agilent's four-protein mismatch repair stain, approved in 2025 to select nivolumab, with or without ipilimumab, in bowel cancer.","route":"/drugs/mmr-ihc-panel-pharmdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"mmr-ihc-panel-pharmdx","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic panel (mismatch repair proteins, colorectal tumour tissue)","sub":"MMR IHC Panel pharmDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}},{"id":"mrdx-bcr-abl","name":"MRDx BCR-ABL Test","tldr":"An FDA-cleared blood test that measures the BCR-ABL1 signal of chronic myeloid leukaemia, listed by the FDA as a companion to nilotinib.","route":"/drugs/mrdx-bcr-abl/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"mrdx-bcr-abl","modality":"BCR-ABL1 monitoring test (blood)","sub":"MRDx BCR-ABL Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Chronic myeloid leukaemia"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cml/","tip":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a blood cancer driven by a single fused gene, BCR-ABL1, and the model for oncogene-targeted treatment: imatinib in 2001 and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors that followed turned it into a condition most people live with long-term. About half of patients with a sustained deep molecular response can now stop treatment altogether."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"mychoice-cdx","name":"myChoice CDx","tldr":"A tumour test that measures DNA-repair scarring so that women with ovarian cancer beyond BRCA carriers can benefit from PARP inhibitors.","route":"/drugs/mychoice-cdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"mychoice-cdx","modality":"Tumour HRD genomic instability companion diagnostic test","sub":"myChoice CDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Ovarian cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2019"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2019"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2019}},{"id":"myprostatescore-2","name":"MyProstateScore 2.0","tldr":"A urine test that reads 18 prostate cancer genes to estimate the chance of a cancer worth treating, to help decide on a biopsy.","route":"/drugs/myprostatescore-2/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"myprostatescore-2","modality":"Urine mRNA test (18 genes, prostate biopsy decision)","sub":"MPS2","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"myriad-myrisk","name":"MyRisk Hereditary Cancer (Myriad Genetics)","tldr":"Myriad's multi-gene blood test for inherited cancer risk, covering 63 genes including BRCA1, BRCA2 and the Lynch syndrome genes, ordered through a clinician.","route":"/drugs/myriad-myrisk/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"myriad-myrisk","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel (laboratory-developed test)","sub":"MyRisk","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"n-nose","name":"N-NOSE","tldr":"A Japanese urine test that uses the sense of smell of tiny worms; it is sold directly to the public in Japan, does not say which cancer, and in a real-world analysis about 2 in 100 people with a positive result were found to have cancer (about 12 in 100 after allowing for cancers the follow-up scan can miss).","route":"/drugs/n-nose/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"n-nose","modality":"Cancer risk urine test (nematode smell response)","sub":"N-NOSE","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"natera-mced","name":"Natera multi-cancer early detection assay","tldr":"Natera's blood test in development for several cancers, given FDA Breakthrough Device designation in October 2026 on data from 12 cancer types; no performance figures have been published.","route":"/drugs/natera-mced/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"natera-mced","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test in development (cell-free DNA)","sub":"Natera MCED","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"navdx","name":"NavDx","tldr":"A blood test that counts HPV DNA shed by HPV-driven throat and anal cancers, used to watch for the cancer coming back; Medicare covers it in both.","route":"/drugs/navdx/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"navdx","modality":"Tumour-naive circulating tumour HPV DNA test (digital droplet PCR)","sub":"NavDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer","Oropharyngeal cancer","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Anal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer","href":"/cancers/hpv-positive-oropharyngeal-cancer/","tip":"Throat cancers caused by HPV are usually cured with chemoradiation or robotic surgery, so trials now ask how much treatment can be taken away: swapping cisplatin for cetuximab failed, cutting the radiation dose has worked only after surgery so far, and blood tests for HPV DNA may pick out the patients who can safely have less."},{"label":"Oropharyngeal cancer","href":"/cancers/oropharyngeal-cancer/","tip":"Cancer of the tonsils and back of the tongue, a head and neck cancer, now comes mostly from HPV infection rather than smoking, and behaves like a different disease: it responds well to chemoradiation, most patients are cured, and the research question is how much treatment can safely be removed."},{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."},{"label":"Anal cancer","href":"/cancers/anal/","tip":"An HPV-caused cancer of the anal canal that is usually cured without surgery by combined chemotherapy and radiation. Prevention (HPV vaccination, screening of high-risk groups) and immunotherapy for advanced disease are the new fronts."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"neo-comprehensive","name":"Neo Comprehensive","tldr":"NeoGenomics' gene panels for leukaemia, lymphoma and related blood cancers, reading DNA and RNA in one test.","route":"/drugs/neo-comprehensive/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"neo-comprehensive","modality":"Genomic profiling tests for blood cancers (DNA and RNA sequencing)","sub":"Neo Comprehensive","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nevisense","name":"Nevisense (electrical impedance spectroscopy for melanoma, SciBase)","tldr":"A probe that measures the electrical properties of a worrying mole to give a dermatologist more information before deciding on a biopsy, approved by the FDA in 2017.","route":"/drugs/nevisense/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"nevisense","modality":"Electrical impedance spectroscopy test of skin lesions","sub":"Nevisense","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Melanoma"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"next-personal","name":"NeXT Personal Dx","tldr":"Personalis' whole-genome blood test for leftover cancer, which tracks up to 1,800 of the tumour's own mutations and is Medicare-covered in breast and lung cancer.","route":"/drugs/next-personal/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"next-personal","modality":"Tumour-informed whole-genome ctDNA minimal residual disease test (up to 1,800 variants)","sub":"NeXT Personal Dx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer","HER2-positive breast cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"HER2-positive breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"novelna-protein-test","name":"Novelna sex-specific protein test","tldr":"An experimental blood test that reads a handful of proteins, with different panels for men and women, to find many early cancers; so far it has been tried only on a few hundred stored samples.","route":"/drugs/novelna-protein-test/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"novelna-protein-test","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test in development (plasma proteins, proximity extension assay)","sub":"Novelna","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nu-q-cancer","name":"Nu.Q Cancer","tldr":"VolitionRx's blood test that measures DNA packaging released by dying cells; a version is sold for dogs, and the human multi-cancer test is at preprint stage.","route":"/drugs/nu-q-cancer/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"nu-q-cancer","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test in development (circulating nucleosome immunoassay)","sub":"Nu.Q","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oc-sensor-fit","name":"OC-Sensor faecal immunochemical tests (Eiken, Polymedco)","tldr":"A family of stool tests for hidden blood and the laboratory machines that read them, cleared by the FDA from 2010 onwards.","route":"/drugs/oc-sensor-fit/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"oc-sensor-fit","modality":"Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for hidden blood, with laboratory analysers","sub":"OC-Sensor","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":["2010"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2010"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2010}},{"id":"omniseq-insight","name":"OmniSeq INSIGHT","tldr":"Labcorp's tissue gene test for solid tumours, covering 523 genes with a 7 to 10 day turnaround and an option to add PD-L1 testing on the same sample.","route":"/drugs/omniseq-insight/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"omniseq-insight","modality":"Tissue comprehensive genomic profiling test (DNA and RNA sequencing)","sub":"OmniSeq INSIGHT","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Metastatic cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Metastatic cancer","href":"/cancers/metastatic-cancer/","tip":"Metastatic cancer means the original cancer has spread to other parts of the body, most often the bones, liver, lungs or brain. It keeps the name of where it started, is treated with therapies that reach the whole body, and can increasingly be controlled for years; with limited spread it is sometimes treated with the aim of cure."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"onco-reveal-dx-lung-colon","name":"ONCO/Reveal Dx Lung and Colon Cancer Assay","tldr":"A sequencing test that confirms KRAS is unmutated before cetuximab or panitumumab in bowel cancer, and finds common EGFR mutations in lung cancer.","route":"/drugs/onco-reveal-dx-lung-colon/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"onco-reveal-dx-lung-colon","modality":"Tissue NGS companion diagnostic test (KRAS and EGFR)","sub":"ONCO/Reveal Dx Lung & Colon Cancer Assay","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2021"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2021"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2021}},{"id":"oncodetect","name":"Oncodetect","tldr":"Exact Sciences' blood test for leftover cancer after treatment, launched in 2025 and Medicare-covered in bowel cancer; since October 2026 Abbott sells a whole-genome version.","route":"/drugs/oncodetect/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncodetect","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (whole-genome since October 2026)","sub":"Oncodetect","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oncoextra","name":"OncoExTra","tldr":"Exact Sciences' tissue test for advanced solid tumours that reads every gene's DNA and RNA and compares the tumour with the patient's normal DNA.","route":"/drugs/oncoextra/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncoextra","modality":"Tumour profiling test (whole exome and whole transcriptome, tumour and matched normal)","sub":"OncoExTra","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Metastatic cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Metastatic cancer","href":"/cancers/metastatic-cancer/","tip":"Metastatic cancer means the original cancer has spread to other parts of the body, most often the bones, liver, lungs or brain. It keeps the name of where it started, is treated with therapies that reach the whole body, and can increasingly be controlled for years; with limited spread it is sometimes treated with the aim of cure."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oncomate-msi-dx","name":"OncoMate MSI Dx Analysis System","tldr":"Promega's microsatellite instability test, approved twice: to find microsatellite-stable endometrial cancer for pembrolizumab with lenvatinib, and MSI-high solid tumours for pembrolizumab.","route":"/drugs/oncomate-msi-dx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncomate-msi-dx","modality":"Nucleic acid companion diagnostic test (microsatellite instability, tumour tissue)","sub":"OncoMate MSI Dx Analysis System","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Endometrial cancer","Metastatic cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Endometrial cancer","href":"/cancers/endometrial/","tip":"The gynaecological cancer where immunotherapy has had the biggest impact, guided by molecular classification."},{"label":"Metastatic cancer","href":"/cancers/metastatic-cancer/","tip":"Metastatic cancer means the original cancer has spread to other parts of the body, most often the bones, liver, lungs or brain. It keeps the name of where it started, is treated with therapies that reach the whole body, and can increasingly be controlled for years; with limited spread it is sometimes treated with the aim of cure."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}},{"id":"oncomine-dx-express","name":"Oncomine Dx Express Test","tldr":"Thermo Fisher's newer sequencing test for lung cancer, companion to sunvozertinib for EGFR exon 20 insertions and to sevabertinib for HER2 mutations.","route":"/drugs/oncomine-dx-express/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncomine-dx-express","modality":"Tissue NGS companion diagnostic test","sub":"Oncomine Dx Express Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}},{"id":"oncomine-dx-target-test","name":"Oncomine Dx Target Test","tldr":"The first FDA-approved gene panel that could match one biopsy to several different lung cancer drugs at once.","route":"/drugs/oncomine-dx-target-test/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncomine-dx-target-test","modality":"Tissue NGS companion diagnostic test (multi-gene panel)","sub":"Oncomine Dx Target Test","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Biliary tract cancer"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"oncoseek","name":"OncoSeek","tldr":"SeekIn's low-cost protein blood test for 14 cancers, designed for countries that cannot afford DNA sequencing; it finds about six in ten cancers but flags about one in twelve people without cancer.","route":"/drugs/oncoseek/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncoseek","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test (seven protein tumour markers with artificial intelligence)","sub":"OncoSeek","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oncotype-dx-dcis","name":"Oncotype DX Breast DCIS Score","tldr":"A tissue test for ductal carcinoma in situ, the earliest non-invasive stage of breast cancer, that estimates the chance of it coming back in the same breast to help decide whether radiotherapy is needed.","route":"/drugs/oncotype-dx-dcis/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncotype-dx-dcis","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (12-gene RT-PCR, ductal carcinoma in situ)","sub":"Oncotype DX DCIS Score","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Ductal carcinoma in situ"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Ductal carcinoma in situ","href":"/cancers/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ/","tip":"DCIS is abnormal cells confined to the milk ducts of the breast; it is not yet invasive cancer and cannot spread, but some would become invasive if left. Lumpectomy with radiotherapy, or mastectomy, halves local recurrence, so the live question is which low-risk DCIS can safely be watched: the COMET trial (2024) found active monitoring no worse at two years."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oncotype-dx-colon","name":"Oncotype DX Colon Recurrence Score","tldr":"A tissue test for stage II and some stage III colon cancers that estimates how likely the cancer is to come back after surgery.","route":"/drugs/oncotype-dx-colon/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncotype-dx-colon","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (12-gene RT-PCR, colon cancer)","sub":"Oncotype DX Colon","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oncotype-dx-gps","name":"Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score","tldr":"A 17-gene biopsy test that helps men with newly diagnosed low-risk prostate cancer decide whether to watch or treat.","route":"/drugs/oncotype-dx-gps/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncotype-dx-gps","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (17-gene Genomic Prostate Score)","sub":"Oncotype DX GPS","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"oncoveryx","name":"OncoVeryx (PredOmix)","tldr":"An Indian blood test that reads thousands of small molecules in serum; its developer reports about 98% accuracy for 30 cancers, figures that have not been checked independently.","route":"/drugs/oncoveryx/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"oncoveryx","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test (serum metabolomics with machine learning)","sub":"OncoVeryx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"onetest","name":"OneTest for Cancer","tldr":"A low-cost blood test from 20/20 BioLabs that measures a panel of protein tumour markers and is sold in the United States as a laboratory test without FDA review.","route":"/drugs/onetest/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"onetest","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test (panel of serum tumour-associated proteins)","sub":"OneTest","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"optellum-virtual-nodule-clinic","name":"Optellum Virtual Nodule Clinic","tldr":"The first AI cleared to estimate how likely a lung nodule on a CT scan is to be cancer, helping doctors decide who needs a biopsy and who can wait.","route":"/drugs/optellum-virtual-nodule-clinic/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"optellum-virtual-nodule-clinic","modality":"AI lung nodule malignancy prediction software (CT)","sub":"Virtual Nodule Clinic","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2020"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2020"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2020}},{"id":"orimiracle-s","name":"OriMIRACLE S","tldr":"OrigiMed's personalised blood test for leftover cancer, which deliberately tracks only mutations shared by every tumour cell.","route":"/drugs/orimiracle-s/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"orimiracle-s","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (clonal variants, multiplex PCR)","sub":"OriMIRACLE S","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Colorectal cancer","Osteosarcoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Osteosarcoma","href":"/cancers/osteosarcoma/","tip":"Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer, mostly in teenagers. Chemotherapy plus surgery cures about two-thirds when it has not spread; because no new drug has beaten that chemotherapy in a large trial in 30 years, the next gains are being sought in cellular therapy against GD2, HER2 and B7-H3."}],"tags":[{"label":"mrd","href":"/tagged/mrd/","tip":"Every record tagged mrd."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"overc-mcdbt","name":"OverC Multi-Cancer Detection Blood Test","tldr":"Burning Rock's methylation blood test from China for five or six cancers, with Breakthrough designations from the US and Chinese regulators but no approval yet.","route":"/drugs/overc-mcdbt/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"overc-mcdbt","modality":"Multi-cancer early detection blood test (cell-free DNA methylation, ELSA-seq)","sub":"OverC","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"paige-prostate","name":"Paige Prostate Detect","tldr":"The first AI for reading biopsy slides authorised by the FDA, which points pathologists to prostate cancer they might otherwise miss.","route":"/drugs/paige-prostate/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"paige-prostate","modality":"AI digital pathology detection software (prostate biopsy)","sub":"Paige Prostate","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2019"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2019"},"tags":[{"label":"precision","href":"/tagged/precision/","tip":"Every record tagged precision."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2019}},{"id":"panseer","name":"PanSeer","tldr":"Singlera's methylation blood test, tested on stored samples from a Chinese cohort, that reported finding cancers up to four years before they were diagnosed; it has not been confirmed in a prospective study.","route":"/drugs/panseer/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"panseer","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test (circulating tumour DNA methylation), research assay","sub":"PanSeer","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Oesophageal cancer","Colorectal cancer","Lung cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"neogenomics-pantracer","name":"PanTracer","tldr":"NeoGenomics' family of large gene tests for solid tumours, from a tissue sample or a blood draw.","route":"/drugs/neogenomics-pantracer/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"neogenomics-pantracer","modality":"Comprehensive genomic profiling tests for solid tumours (tissue and blood)","sub":"PanTracer","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Metastatic cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Metastatic cancer","href":"/cancers/metastatic-cancer/","tip":"Metastatic cancer means the original cancer has spread to other parts of the body, most often the bones, liver, lungs or brain. It keeps the name of where it started, is treated with therapies that reach the whole body, and can increasingly be controlled for years; with limited spread it is sometimes treated with the aim of cure."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"pantum-detect","name":"PanTum Detect","tldr":"A German blood test sold through a private health insurance add-on, which claims to signal cancer of any type; its published evidence is small studies and case reports.","route":"/drugs/pantum-detect/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"pantum-detect","modality":"Cancer blood test (Apo10 and TKTL1 epitopes in monocytes, flow cytometry)","sub":"PanTum Detect","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"pathvysion-her2","name":"PathVysion HER-2 DNA Probe Kit","tldr":"One of the first HER2 gene tests, approved in December 1998 to select trastuzumab for breast cancer.","route":"/drugs/pathvysion-her2/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"pathvysion-her2","modality":"FISH companion diagnostic test (HER2 gene amplification, breast tumour tissue)","sub":"PathVysion HER-2 DNA Probe Kit","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HER2-positive breast cancer"],"year":["1998"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HER2-positive breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-her2-positive/","tip":"HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1998"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":1998}},{"id":"dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx","name":"PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx","tldr":"The 22C3 pharmDx assay is the PD-L1 stain tied to pembrolizumab since 2015 and the source of the combined positive score (CPS). The cut-off differs by cancer: 1% of tumour cells in lung cancer, CPS 1 in gastric, cervical and head and neck cancer, CPS 10 in oesophageal and triple-negative breast cancer, so one stain is read differently per disease.","route":"/drugs/dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx","modality":"PD-L1 immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay","sub":"PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","Cervical cancer","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Oesophageal cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer","Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."},{"label":"Cervical cancer","href":"/cancers/cervical/","tip":"A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival."},{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"pd-l1-ihc-28-8-pharmdx","name":"PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx","tldr":"The PD-L1 stain paired with nivolumab: tumour-cell staining of 1% or more for nivolumab with ipilimumab in lung cancer, and a combined positive score of 1 or more in oesophageal and gastric cancers.","route":"/drugs/pd-l1-ihc-28-8-pharmdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"pd-l1-ihc-28-8-pharmdx","modality":"PD-L1 immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay","sub":"PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer"],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/oesophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, the world's commonest form, is linked to smoking, alcohol and very hot drinks and sits in the upper and middle gullet. It is treated with chemoradiation, with or without surgery, and immunotherapy has recently joined chemotherapy for advanced disease."},{"label":"Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/oesophageal-adenocarcinoma/","tip":"Adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus and junction grows out of Barrett's oesophagus, the change in the lining caused by long-standing acid reflux. Chemotherapy or chemoradiation before surgery is standard, and HER2, PD-L1 and claudin 18.2 now guide drugs for advanced disease as they do in stomach cancer."},{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"precise-mrd","name":"Precise MRD","tldr":"Myriad Genetics' whole-genome blood test for leftover cancer, launched in 2026 for breast cancer and extended to bowel and kidney cancer.","route":"/drugs/precise-mrd/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"precise-mrd","modality":"Tumour-informed whole-genome ctDNA minimal residual disease test (up to 1,000 variants)","sub":"Precise MRD","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"icad-profound-ai","name":"ProFound AI (iCAD)","tldr":"The first AI cleared for 3D mammography in the US, now part of RadNet's imaging network.","route":"/drugs/icad-profound-ai/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"icad-profound-ai","modality":"AI mammography and tomosynthesis detection software","sub":"ProFound Detection","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"progensa-pca3","name":"Progensa PCA3 Assay","tldr":"The first urine RNA test for prostate cancer approved in the United States; its approval has since been withdrawn, though Medicare still lists it.","route":"/drugs/progensa-pca3/","status":"withdrawn","kind":"drug","molecule":"progensa-pca3","modality":"Urine RNA test (PCA3 and PSA RNA, after a negative biopsy)","sub":"Progensa PCA3","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2012"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2012"},"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2012}},{"id":"prolaris","name":"Prolaris","tldr":"A gene test on a prostate biopsy that estimates how aggressive the cancer is, to help decide between active surveillance and treatment.","route":"/drugs/prolaris/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"prolaris","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (cell-cycle progression score, prostate)","sub":"Prolaris","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"prosigna","name":"Prosigna (PAM50)","tldr":"A 50-gene test run in local hospital laboratories that estimates the ten-year risk of a hormone-positive breast cancer coming back.","route":"/drugs/prosigna/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"prosigna","modality":"Gene-expression prognostic assay (50-gene PAM50 risk of recurrence)","sub":"Prosigna","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2012"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2012"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2012}},{"id":"prostate-health-index","name":"Prostate Health Index (phi, Beckman Coulter)","tldr":"A blood test that combines three forms of PSA into one score, to help men with a moderately raised PSA and a normal examination decide whether to have a biopsy.","route":"/drugs/prostate-health-index/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"prostate-health-index","modality":"Blood test combining three PSA measurements into an index","sub":"phi","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer"],"year":["2012"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2012"},"tags":[{"label":"screening-test","href":"/tagged/screening-test/","tip":"Every record tagged screening-test."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2012}},{"id":"quest-hereditary-cancer-panel","name":"Quest Comprehensive Hereditary Cancer Panel (66 genes)","tldr":"Quest Diagnostics' test of 66 genes linked to inherited cancer risk, ordered through a clinician.","route":"/drugs/quest-hereditary-cancer-panel/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"quest-hereditary-cancer-panel","modality":"Germline hereditary cancer sequencing panel test","sub":"Comprehensive Hereditary Cancer Panel","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"hereditary","href":"/tagged/hereditary/","tip":"Every record tagged hereditary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"radar-mrd","name":"RaDaR ST","tldr":"NeoGenomics' personalised blood test for tiny amounts of leftover cancer, tracking up to 48 mutations from the patient's own tumour.","route":"/drugs/radar-mrd/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"radar-mrd","modality":"Tumour-informed ctDNA minimal residual disease test (up to 48 variants)","sub":"RaDaR ST","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","Non-small-cell lung cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"resolution-ctdx-first","name":"Resolution ctDx FIRST","tldr":"A blood test approved with adagrasib to find the KRAS G12C mutation in lung cancer when a tissue biopsy is not possible.","route":"/drugs/resolution-ctdx-first/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"resolution-ctdx-first","modality":"Liquid biopsy companion diagnostic test (NGS, cfDNA)","sub":"Resolution ctDx FIRST","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2022"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2022"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2022}},{"id":"harbinger-resolve","name":"RESOLVE (Harbinger Health)","tldr":"Harbinger Health's blood test meant for the weeks between a doctor suspecting cancer and a diagnosis, pointing to where in the body a cancer may be; it is not offered as a screening test for well people.","route":"/drugs/harbinger-resolve/","status":"emerging","kind":"drug","molecule":"harbinger-resolve","modality":"Multi-cancer blood test for people with suspected cancer (cell-free DNA methylation)","sub":"RESOLVE","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"mced","href":"/tagged/mced/","tip":"Every record tagged mced."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"secore-cdx-hla","name":"SeCore CDx HLA Sequencing System","tldr":"The blood test that checks a person's tissue type (HLA-A*02) before tebentafusp for uveal melanoma or afamitresgene autoleucel for synovial sarcoma.","route":"/drugs/secore-cdx-hla/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"secore-cdx-hla","modality":"HLA sequencing companion diagnostic test (whole blood)","sub":"SeCore CDx HLA Sequencing System","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Uveal melanoma","Synovial sarcoma"],"year":["2022"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Uveal melanoma","href":"/cancers/uveal-melanoma/","tip":"A melanoma inside the eye that is biologically unrelated to skin melanoma: different mutations, no response to standard immunotherapy, and a tendency to spread to the liver years later. Tebentafusp is the first drug ever to extend survival in the metastatic disease."},{"label":"Synovial sarcoma","href":"/cancers/synovial-sarcoma/","tip":"Synovial sarcoma is a young person's sarcoma driven by a single fusion gene, SS18-SSX, that scrambles how genes are switched on. 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Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"ventana-cldn18-43-14a","name":"VENTANA CLDN18 (43-14A) RxDx Assay","tldr":"The stain that decides whether stomach or junction cancer is claudin 18.2-positive and so eligible for zolbetuximab.","route":"/drugs/ventana-cldn18-43-14a/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-cldn18-43-14a","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay (claudin 18 protein, gastric tumour tissue)","sub":"VENTANA CLDN18 (43-14A) RxDx Assay","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer"],"year":["2024"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","href":"/cancers/gastric/","tip":"A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2024"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2024}},{"id":"ventana-confirm-er-pr","name":"VENTANA CONFIRM anti-ER (SP1) and anti-PR (1E2) antibodies","tldr":"Ventana's ready-to-use rabbit antibodies for staining the oestrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer tissue, cleared by the FDA in 2011 and 2012.","route":"/drugs/ventana-confirm-er-pr/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-confirm-er-pr","modality":"Immunohistochemistry assay (oestrogen and progesterone receptor protein, breast tumour tissue)","sub":"CONFIRM","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2011"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2011"},"tags":[{"label":"ihc-assay","href":"/tagged/ihc-assay/","tip":"Every record tagged ihc-assay."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2011}},{"id":"ventana-folr1-rxdx","name":"VENTANA FOLR1 (FOLR-2.1) RxDx Assay","tldr":"The stain that selects people with ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer for mirvetuximab soravtansine.","route":"/drugs/ventana-folr1-rxdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-folr1-rxdx","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay (folate receptor alpha, ovarian tumour tissue)","sub":"VENTANA FOLR1 RxDx Assay","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Ovarian cancer"],"year":["2022"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2022"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2022}},{"id":"ventana-met-sp44","name":"VENTANA MET (SP44) RxDx Assay","tldr":"The MET protein stain that selects people with lung cancer for telisotuzumab vedotin.","route":"/drugs/ventana-met-sp44/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-met-sp44","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay (MET protein, lung tumour tissue)","sub":"VENTANA MET (SP44) RxDx Assay","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}},{"id":"ventana-mmr-rxdx","name":"VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel","tldr":"A four-stain test that shows whether a womb cancer has lost its DNA spell-checker, which makes immunotherapy likely to work.","route":"/drugs/ventana-mmr-rxdx/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-mmr-rxdx","modality":"Mismatch-repair immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay","sub":"VENTANA MMR RxDx","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Endometrial cancer","Colorectal cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":["2021"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Endometrial cancer","href":"/cancers/endometrial/","tip":"The gynaecological cancer where immunotherapy has had the biggest impact, guided by molecular classification."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2021"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2021}},{"id":"ventana-pd-l1-sp142","name":"VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay","tldr":"The PD-L1 stain that decides who can have atezolizumab, scored on immune cells rather than tumour cells in breast cancer.","route":"/drugs/ventana-pd-l1-sp142/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-pd-l1-sp142","modality":"PD-L1 immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay","sub":"VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142)","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Bladder & urothelial cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer","Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/","tip":"The treatment of triple-negative breast cancer that has spread has been transformed since 2020, though it is not yet curable. By PD-L1 score, first treatment is pembrolizumab with chemotherapy or with sacituzumab govitecan, or datopotamab deruxtecan or sacituzumab govitecan alone; BRCA carriers can take a PARP inhibitor tablet; and trastuzumab deruxtecan reaches the third of tumours with low HER2."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"ventana-pd-l1-sp263","name":"VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) Assay","tldr":"The VENTANA SP263 assay is an immunohistochemistry stain that measures PD-L1 on tumour cells. Approved in 2017 alongside durvalumab in bladder cancer, it became the companion test in 2021 for adjuvant atezolizumab in resected lung cancer with PD-L1 on at least 1% of tumour cells, and it agrees closely with 22C3, so laboratories often validate it as a single platform.","route":"/drugs/ventana-pd-l1-sp263/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-pd-l1-sp263","modality":"PD-L1 immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay","sub":"VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263)","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Bladder & urothelial cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer","Triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"ventana-pten-sp218","name":"VENTANA PTEN (SP218) RxDx Assay","tldr":"The stain that finds PTEN loss in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer that has spread, selecting men for capivasertib.","route":"/drugs/ventana-pten-sp218/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"ventana-pten-sp218","modality":"Immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assay (PTEN protein, prostate tumour tissue)","sub":"VENTANA PTEN (SP218) RxDx Assay","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer"],"year":["2026"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate-mhspc/","tip":"Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is disease that has spread but still responds to lowering testosterone. Hormone therapy alone is no longer enough: adding an androgen receptor inhibitor, and docetaxel for high-volume disease, lengthens life by years."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2026"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2026}},{"id":"vysis-alk-break-apart-fish","name":"Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH Probe Kit","tldr":"The test approved with crizotinib in 2011 to find ALK-rearranged lung cancer, still listed as companion to brigatinib and ensartinib.","route":"/drugs/vysis-alk-break-apart-fish/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"vysis-alk-break-apart-fish","modality":"FISH companion diagnostic test (ALK rearrangement, lung tumour tissue)","sub":"Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH Probe Kit","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2011"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2011"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2011}},{"id":"vysis-cll-fish","name":"Vysis CLL FISH Probe Kit","tldr":"The FDA-approved blood test for the 17p deletion in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, approved alongside venetoclax.","route":"/drugs/vysis-cll-fish/","status":"approved","kind":"drug","molecule":"vysis-cll-fish","modality":"FISH companion diagnostic test (chromosome 17p deletion, blood)","sub":"Vysis CLL FISH Probe Kit","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"],"year":["2016"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cll/","tip":"A slow leukaemia that no longer needs chemotherapy: BTK inhibitors and venetoclax control it for years, often in fixed-duration courses."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2016"},"tags":[]},"sortKeys":{"year":2016}},{"id":"xpert-bladder-cancer-monitor","name":"Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor","tldr":"A urine test that reads five RNA markers to check for bladder cancer coming back, and in a Danish trial halved the number of camera examinations of the bladder.","route":"/drugs/xpert-bladder-cancer-monitor/","status":"established","kind":"drug","molecule":"xpert-bladder-cancer-monitor","modality":"Urine mRNA test (five markers, bladder cancer surveillance; CE-IVD)","sub":"Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor","facets":{"kind":["Treatment"],"cancers":["Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","Bladder & urothelial cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Treatment","tip":"Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","href":"/cancers/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/","tip":"Most bladder cancers are found while still confined to the lining. They are scraped out through the urethra and, when higher risk, treated with BCG instilled into the bladder; the challenge is the frequent recurrences and the patients whose tumours stop responding to BCG."},{"label":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","href":"/cancers/urothelial/","tip":"Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval."}],"tags":[{"label":"rna","href":"/tagged/rna/","tip":"Every record tagged rna."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}}]