{"slug":"biomarker-parent","tag":"biomarker-parent","variants":["biomarker-parent"],"description":"No description yet","count":7,"kinds":{"target":7},"related":[{"slug":"surface-antigen","tag":"surface-antigen","shared":1},{"slug":"tumor-suppressor","tag":"tumor-suppressor","shared":1}],"records":[{"id":"mki67","kind":"target","name":"Ki-67 (MKI67)","route":"/targets/mki67/","tldr":"Ki-67 is a protein present only in cells that are dividing, so the share of tumour cells that stain for it is a direct read of how fast the cancer is growing."},{"id":"mgmt-protein","kind":"target","name":"MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase)","route":"/targets/mgmt-protein/","tldr":"MGMT is a DNA repair enzyme that removes the damage temozolomide causes; when the gene is switched off by methylation the tumour cannot repair itself and the drug works better."},{"id":"mycn","kind":"target","name":"MYCN (N-myc)","route":"/targets/mycn/","tldr":"MYCN is a growth-driving gene that some neuroblastomas copy many times over; that amplification is one of the strongest signs the tumour is aggressive and sets the intensity of treatment."},{"id":"h3-3a","kind":"target","name":"Histone H3.3 (H3-3A)","route":"/targets/h3-3a/","tldr":"H3.3 is one of the histone proteins DNA wraps around; a single change at position 27 (K27M) locks brain-stem and midline gliomas in an immature state and defines the diagnosis."},{"id":"fcrh5","kind":"target","name":"FcRH5 (FCRL5)","route":"/targets/fcrh5/","tldr":"FcRH5 is a surface protein found almost only on B cells and myeloma plasma cells, which makes it a target for T-cell engaging antibodies in multiple myeloma."},{"id":"pten","kind":"target","name":"PTEN","route":"/targets/pten/","tldr":"PTEN is the brake on the PI3K growth pathway; when a tumour loses it the pathway runs unchecked, which is why PTEN loss now selects patients for the AKT inhibitor capivasertib."},{"id":"mmr","kind":"target","name":"Mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2)","route":"/targets/mmr/","tldr":"The four mismatch repair proteins proofread newly copied DNA; when a tumour loses one of them its DNA fills with small errors, and that state (dMMR or MSI-high) is what lets immunotherapy work across many cancers."}]}