{"slug":"discovery","tag":"discovery","variants":["discovery"],"description":"No description yet","count":4,"kinds":{"person":4},"related":[{"slug":"immunotherapy","tag":"immunotherapy","shared":2},{"slug":"immunology","tag":"immunology","shared":1},{"slug":"japan","tag":"japan","shared":1},{"slug":"parp","tag":"parp","shared":1},{"slug":"pd-1","tag":"pd-1","shared":1},{"slug":"pd-l1","tag":"pd-l1","shared":1},{"slug":"regulatory-t-cells","tag":"regulatory-t-cells","shared":1},{"slug":"synthetic-lethality","tag":"synthetic-lethality","shared":1}],"records":[{"id":"lieping-chen","kind":"person","name":"Lieping Chen","route":"/people/lieping-chen/","tldr":"Discovered PD-L1 (B7-H1) and showed tumours use it to escape immunity, the biology behind every anti-PD-1 drug."},{"id":"gordon-freeman","kind":"person","name":"Gordon J. Freeman","route":"/people/gordon-freeman/","tldr":"Showed that PD-L1 is the ligand for PD-1 and that the pair switches T cells off, the foundation of checkpoint immunotherapy."},{"id":"shimon-sakaguchi","kind":"person","name":"Shimon Sakaguchi","route":"/people/shimon-sakaguchi/","tldr":"Discovered regulatory T cells, the immune cells that suppress anti-tumour responses and are now a target for cancer therapy."},{"id":"thomas-helleday","kind":"person","name":"Thomas Helleday","route":"/people/thomas-helleday/","tldr":"Co-discovered that PARP inhibitors kill BRCA-deficient cells, the synthetic lethality behind olaparib and its successors."}]}