{"slug":"lymphoma-evidence","tag":"lymphoma-evidence","variants":["lymphoma-evidence"],"description":"Trials, papers, roadmap and ideas added by the autumn 2026 lymphoma deep dive, each resolved against Europe PMC or ClinicalTrials.gov on the date recorded.","count":79,"kinds":{"trial":29,"paper":42,"idea":8},"related":[],"records":[{"id":"flyer","kind":"trial","name":"FLYER","route":"/trials/flyer/","status":"positive","tldr":"Young people with early, low-risk aggressive lymphoma got two fewer rounds of chemotherapy and did just as well, with about a third fewer side effects recorded."},{"id":"calgb-50303","kind":"trial","name":"Alliance/CALGB 50303","route":"/trials/calgb-50303/","status":"negative","tldr":"An intensive infusion chemotherapy schedule, widely believed to be better for aggressive lymphoma, was compared head to head with the standard and was not better, only harder to tolerate."},{"id":"goya","kind":"trial","name":"GOYA","route":"/trials/goya/","status":"negative","tldr":"A newer antibody against the same target as rituximab was tested in first-line treatment for the commonest aggressive lymphoma and did not work better, while causing more side effects."},{"id":"remarc","kind":"trial","name":"REMARC","route":"/trials/remarc/","status":"mixed","tldr":"Two years of a tablet taken after chemotherapy delayed relapse in older people with aggressive lymphoma but did not help them live longer, and caused low white cell counts in over half."},{"id":"polargo","kind":"trial","name":"POLARGO","route":"/trials/polargo/","status":"positive","tldr":"Adding an antibody-drug conjugate to a gentle outpatient chemotherapy pairing added about seven months of life for people with relapsed aggressive lymphoma who could not have a transplant."},{"id":"juliet","kind":"trial","name":"JULIET","route":"/trials/juliet/","status":"positive","tldr":"The pivotal study of the second CAR-T cell product approved for adult lymphoma, which put about a third of people with no remaining options into a lasting remission."},{"id":"transcend-nhl-001","kind":"trial","name":"TRANSCEND NHL 001","route":"/trials/transcend-nhl-001/","status":"positive","tldr":"The study that registered the third CAR-T cell product for lymphoma, built from a fixed one-to-one mix of two kinds of T cell, with fewer severe immune side effects than its predecessors."},{"id":"prima-follicular","kind":"trial","name":"PRIMA","route":"/trials/prima-follicular/","status":"mixed","tldr":"Two years of an antibody given every two months after chemotherapy more than doubled the time before follicular lymphoma came back, but after nine years the two groups were equally likely to be alive."},{"id":"ielsg-19","kind":"trial","name":"IELSG-19","route":"/trials/ielsg-19/","status":"mixed","tldr":"The first randomised trial of first-line drug treatment for MALT lymphoma found that combining an old tablet with an antibody delayed relapse better than either alone, without anyone living longer."},{"id":"trog-99-03","kind":"trial","name":"TROG 99.03","route":"/trials/trog-99-03/","status":"positive","tldr":"Radiotherapy can cure early follicular lymphoma, but most relapses happen outside the treated area. Adding a short course of drug treatment afterwards halved that risk."},{"id":"elara","kind":"trial","name":"ELARA","route":"/trials/elara/","status":"positive","tldr":"A single infusion of a patient's own reprogrammed immune cells cleared follicular lymphoma completely in about seven out of ten people who had already been through several treatments."},{"id":"rosewood","kind":"trial","name":"ROSEWOOD","route":"/trials/rosewood/","status":"positive","tldr":"Adding a targeted tablet to an antibody roughly doubled the chance of the lymphoma shrinking and tripled the time before it grew again, in people whose follicular lymphoma had already returned twice."},{"id":"shine","kind":"trial","name":"SHINE","route":"/trials/shine/","status":"mixed","tldr":"Adding a targeted tablet to first-line chemotherapy gave older people with mantle cell lymphoma about two and a half more years before the disease returned, but they did not live longer."},{"id":"enrich","kind":"trial","name":"ENRICH","route":"/trials/enrich/","status":"positive","tldr":"A British and Nordic trial took chemotherapy out of first-line treatment for older people with mantle cell lymphoma and found the two-drug, chemotherapy-free combination worked better."},{"id":"lyma","kind":"trial","name":"LyMa","route":"/trials/lyma/","status":"positive","tldr":"Three years of an antibody every two months after a stem cell transplant kept younger people with mantle cell lymphoma in remission longer and helped them live longer."},{"id":"hd10","kind":"trial","name":"GHSG HD10","route":"/trials/hd10/","status":"positive","tldr":"Halving the chemotherapy and cutting the radiation dose by a third worked just as well for early Hodgkin lymphoma with favourable features, and caused fewer side effects."},{"id":"hd16","kind":"trial","name":"GHSG HD16","route":"/trials/hd16/","status":"negative","tldr":"Trying to spare people radiotherapy by using a clear scan after two rounds of chemotherapy cost them about seven in a hundred in disease control, so the radiotherapy stayed."},{"id":"hd18","kind":"trial","name":"GHSG HD18","route":"/trials/hd18/","status":"positive","tldr":"People whose scan was clear after two rounds of the most intensive Hodgkin chemotherapy could stop after four rounds instead of six or eight, with the same disease control and far fewer severe infections."},{"id":"ahl2011","kind":"trial","name":"AHL2011","route":"/trials/ahl2011/","status":"positive","tldr":"Starting with the most intensive Hodgkin chemotherapy and switching to the gentler standard once the scan cleared gave the same results with markedly less anaemia, low platelets and infection."},{"id":"eortc-h10","kind":"trial","name":"EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10","route":"/trials/eortc-h10/","status":"mixed","tldr":"In early Hodgkin lymphoma, people whose scan was still positive after two rounds did much better on more intensive chemotherapy, and people whose scan was clear still needed their radiotherapy."},{"id":"jcog9801","kind":"trial","name":"JCOG9801","route":"/trials/jcog9801/","status":"mixed","tldr":"The only randomised trial ever run exclusively in the virus-driven T-cell leukaemia found an intensive Japanese regimen better than standard chemotherapy, at the cost of much more severe low blood counts."},{"id":"smile-enktl","kind":"trial","name":"SMILE","route":"/trials/smile-enktl/","status":"positive","tldr":"An asparaginase-based regimen gave a response in four out of five people with an aggressive nasal lymphoma that had always resisted standard chemotherapy, and nearly all of them had dangerously low white cell counts."},{"id":"radar-hodgkin","kind":"trial","name":"RADAR","route":"/trials/radar-hodgkin/","status":"active","tldr":"An international trial asking whether swapping one old chemotherapy drug for a targeted antibody lets most people with early Hodgkin lymphoma avoid radiotherapy altogether."},{"id":"mosun-lbt-fl","kind":"trial","name":"Mosunetuzumab against rituximab in low tumour burden follicular lymphoma","route":"/trials/mosun-lbt-fl/","status":"active","tldr":"A large American trial testing whether a two-headed antibody that recruits the immune system should replace the standard antibody as the first treatment for slow-growing follicular lymphoma."},{"id":"mosun-len-mzl","kind":"trial","name":"Mosunetuzumab with lenalidomide in relapsed marginal zone lymphoma","route":"/trials/mosun-len-mzl/","status":"active","tldr":"A European trial for a lymphoma that rarely gets its own study, testing a two-headed antibody with a tablet against the three combinations doctors currently choose between."},{"id":"polar-bear","kind":"trial","name":"POLAR BEAR","route":"/trials/polar-bear/","status":"active","tldr":"A Nordic trial asking whether the antibody-drug conjugate that improved first-line treatment for younger patients also helps people in their eighties, who were barely represented in the original trial."},{"id":"arched","kind":"trial","name":"ARCHED","route":"/trials/arched/","status":"active","tldr":"A German trial adding a targeted tablet to the reduced-dose chemotherapy used for older people with aggressive lymphoma, to see whether it delays relapse."},{"id":"prima-cns","kind":"trial","name":"PRIMA-CNS","route":"/trials/prima-cns/","status":"active","tldr":"The first randomised trial asking whether older people with lymphoma of the brain do better with a short intensive course and a stem cell transplant than with the gentler long regimen that is standard in Germany."},{"id":"fortplus","kind":"trial","name":"FORTplus","route":"/trials/fortplus/","status":"active","tldr":"A trial testing whether a radiotherapy dose one sixth of the standard works as well for early follicular lymphoma when an antibody is given alongside it."},{"id":"paper-rosenwald-molecular-profiling-dlbcl-nejm-2002","kind":"paper","name":"The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-rosenwald-molecular-profiling-dlbcl-nejm-2002/","tldr":"Reading which genes were switched on in 240 lymphoma samples sorted one disease into three, and the group whose cells looked like a particular stage of normal B-cell development lived the longest."},{"id":"paper-hans-immunohistochemistry-cell-of-origin-dlbcl-blood-2004","kind":"paper","name":"Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray","route":"/key-papers/paper-hans-immunohistochemistry-cell-of-origin-dlbcl-blood-2004/","tldr":"Three ordinary laboratory stains, available in any hospital, were shown to sort lymphoma into the same two prognostic groups that an expensive gene-expression machine had found."},{"id":"paper-chapuy-molecular-subtypes-dlbcl-nat-med-2018","kind":"paper","name":"Molecular subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma are associated with distinct pathogenic mechanisms and outcomes","route":"/key-papers/paper-chapuy-molecular-subtypes-dlbcl-nat-med-2018/","tldr":"Reading the whole genetic picture of 304 lymphomas, rather than one gene at a time, sorted them into five groups that arise by different routes and respond differently."},{"id":"paper-schmitz-genetics-pathogenesis-dlbcl-nejm-2018","kind":"paper","name":"Genetics and pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-schmitz-genetics-pathogenesis-dlbcl-nejm-2018/","tldr":"Sequencing 574 lymphomas found four genetic patterns that recur, two of which depend on a signalling route that an existing tablet can block."},{"id":"paper-wright-lymphgen-genetic-subtypes-dlbcl-cancer-cell-2020","kind":"paper","name":"A probabilistic classification tool for genetic subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma with therapeutic implications","route":"/key-papers/paper-wright-lymphgen-genetic-subtypes-dlbcl-cancer-cell-2020/","tldr":"A tool that takes one patient's tumour genetics and gives the probability that it belongs to each of seven genetic groups, rather than sorting whole cohorts into clusters."},{"id":"paper-phoenix-ibrutinib-r-chop-non-gcb-dlbcl-jco-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Randomized phase III trial of ibrutinib and R-CHOP in non-germinal centre B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PHOENIX)","route":"/key-papers/paper-phoenix-ibrutinib-r-chop-non-gcb-dlbcl-jco-2019/","tldr":"Adding a targeted tablet to standard first-line chemotherapy failed overall, helped people under 60 substantially, and harmed people over 60 by making them unable to finish the chemotherapy."},{"id":"paper-casulo-pod24-follicular-lymphoma-jco-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Early relapse of follicular lymphoma after R-CHOP defines patients at high risk for death: an analysis from the National LymphoCare Study","route":"/key-papers/paper-casulo-pod24-follicular-lymphoma-jco-2015/","tldr":"One in five people whose follicular lymphoma came back within two years of first treatment had half the five-year survival of everyone else, which is why that two-year mark now changes the plan."},{"id":"paper-scherer-ctdna-lymphoma-subtypes-genome-evolution-sci-transl-med-2016","kind":"paper","name":"Distinct biological subtypes and patterns of genome evolution in lymphoma revealed by circulating tumour DNA","route":"/key-papers/paper-scherer-ctdna-lymphoma-subtypes-genome-evolution-sci-transl-med-2016/","tldr":"A blood test read the genetic type of a lymphoma without a biopsy, detected disease left behind better than scans did, and spotted the change from a slow lymphoma into an aggressive one before it showed."},{"id":"paper-burkitt-sarcoma-involving-jaws-african-children-br-j-surg-1958","kind":"paper","name":"A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children","route":"/key-papers/paper-burkitt-sarcoma-involving-jaws-african-children-br-j-surg-1958/","tldr":"A surgeon working in Uganda described a tumour of the jaw in children that nobody had named, and the pattern of where it occurred led, six years later, to the discovery of the first human cancer virus."},{"id":"paper-epstein-virus-particles-burkitt-lymphoblasts-lancet-1964","kind":"paper","name":"Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-epstein-virus-particles-burkitt-lymphoblasts-lancet-1964/","tldr":"Looking at cells grown from an African child's jaw tumour under an electron microscope, three researchers in London saw virus particles, the first virus ever linked to a human cancer."},{"id":"paper-poiesz-htlv-retrovirus-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma-pnas-1980","kind":"paper","name":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-poiesz-htlv-retrovirus-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma-pnas-1980/","tldr":"The first retrovirus found in people was isolated from the blood cells of a patient with a skin lymphoma, and turned out to cause a leukaemia endemic in southern Japan and the Caribbean."},{"id":"paper-hinuma-adult-t-cell-leukaemia-antigen-pnas-1981","kind":"paper","name":"Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera","route":"/key-papers/paper-hinuma-adult-t-cell-leukaemia-antigen-pnas-1981/","tldr":"Japanese researchers found an antigen in cells from a patient with an unusual leukaemia, then found antibodies to it in every one of 44 patients with that leukaemia and in a quarter of healthy adults where the disease clusters."},{"id":"paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015/","tldr":"Of nearly 4,000 Dutch people cured of Hodgkin lymphoma, almost half developed another cancer within forty years, and the gentler treatments introduced in the late 1980s had not reduced that risk."},{"id":"paper-van-nimwegen-cardiovascular-disease-after-hodgkin-jama-intern-med-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Cardiovascular disease after Hodgkin lymphoma treatment: 40-year disease risk","route":"/key-papers/paper-van-nimwegen-cardiovascular-disease-after-hodgkin-jama-intern-med-2015/","tldr":"Half of 2,524 people treated for Hodgkin lymphoma developed heart or valve disease within forty years, and the risk was still four to six times the general population's after thirty-five years."},{"id":"paper-travis-breast-cancer-after-hodgkin-radiotherapy-jama-2003","kind":"paper","name":"Breast cancer following radiotherapy and chemotherapy among young women with Hodgkin disease","route":"/key-papers/paper-travis-breast-cancer-after-hodgkin-radiotherapy-jama-2003/","tldr":"In young women treated for Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer risk rose with the radiation dose to the breast, and fell when chemotherapy or radiation had stopped the ovaries working."},{"id":"paper-flyer-four-vs-six-cycles-r-chop-lancet-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Four versus six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy in combination with six applications of rituximab in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma with favourable prognosis (FLYER)","route":"/key-papers/paper-flyer-four-vs-six-cycles-r-chop-lancet-2019/","tldr":"Young people with early, low-risk aggressive lymphoma did just as well with four rounds of chemotherapy as with six, and had roughly a quarter fewer side effects."},{"id":"paper-calgb-50303-da-epoch-r-vs-r-chop-jco-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R compared with R-CHOP as frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: clinical outcomes of the phase III intergroup trial Alliance/CALGB 50303","route":"/key-papers/paper-calgb-50303-da-epoch-r-vs-r-chop-jco-2019/","tldr":"An intensive infusional chemotherapy regimen that many centres had adopted on single-arm evidence was no better than the standard when finally compared head to head, and was harder to tolerate."},{"id":"paper-goya-obinutuzumab-vs-rituximab-chop-dlbcl-jco-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Obinutuzumab or rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-goya-obinutuzumab-vs-rituximab-chop-dlbcl-jco-2017/","tldr":"A newer antibody against the same target did not improve first-line treatment of the commonest aggressive lymphoma, although it had improved treatment of two other B-cell cancers."},{"id":"paper-remarc-lenalidomide-maintenance-dlbcl-jco-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Lenalidomide maintenance compared with placebo in responding elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with first-line R-CHOP","route":"/key-papers/paper-remarc-lenalidomide-maintenance-dlbcl-jco-2017/","tldr":"Two years of a tablet after chemotherapy delayed relapse in older people with aggressive lymphoma but did not help them live longer."},{"id":"paper-polargo-polatuzumab-r-gemox-dlbcl-jco-2026","kind":"paper","name":"Polatuzumab vedotin plus rituximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the phase III, randomized POLARGO trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-polargo-polatuzumab-r-gemox-dlbcl-jco-2026/","tldr":"Adding an antibody-drug conjugate to an outpatient chemotherapy pairing added seven months of median survival for people with relapsed aggressive lymphoma who could not have a transplant."},{"id":"paper-transcend-nhl-001-liso-cel-lancet-2020","kind":"paper","name":"Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study","route":"/key-papers/paper-transcend-nhl-001-liso-cel-lancet-2020/","tldr":"The pivotal study of the third CAR-T product for lymphoma, built from a fixed one-to-one mix of two kinds of T cell, with severe immune side effects in only a small minority."},{"id":"paper-belinda-tisagenlecleucel-second-line-nejm-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Second-line tisagenlecleucel or standard care in aggressive B-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-belinda-tisagenlecleucel-second-line-nejm-2022/","tldr":"The one second-line CAR-T trial that failed. Its result is best explained by how long the cells took to make and what patients received while they waited."},{"id":"paper-echelon-3-brentuximab-lenalidomide-rituximab-dlbcl-jco-2025","kind":"paper","name":"Brentuximab vedotin combination for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-echelon-3-brentuximab-lenalidomide-rituximab-dlbcl-jco-2025/","tldr":"Adding a CD30-directed antibody-drug conjugate to a tablet-and-antibody pairing added about five months of median survival for heavily pretreated people with relapsed aggressive lymphoma."},{"id":"paper-prima-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-lancet-2011","kind":"paper","name":"Rituximab maintenance for 2 years in patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma responding to rituximab plus chemotherapy (PRIMA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-prima-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-lancet-2011/","tldr":"Two years of an antibody given every two months after first-line chemotherapy raised the proportion still free of progression at three years from 58 to 75 per cent."},{"id":"paper-prima-final-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-jco-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Sustained progression-free survival benefit of rituximab maintenance in patients with follicular lymphoma: long-term results of the PRIMA study","route":"/key-papers/paper-prima-final-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-jco-2019/","tldr":"After nine years the antibody maintenance group had gone more than six years longer before their lymphoma returned, and exactly as many people in each group were alive."},{"id":"paper-ielsg-19-chlorambucil-rituximab-malt-jco-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Final results of the IELSG-19 randomized trial of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: improved event-free and progression-free survival with rituximab plus chlorambucil versus either chlorambucil or rituximab monotherapy","route":"/key-papers/paper-ielsg-19-chlorambucil-rituximab-malt-jco-2017/","tldr":"The first randomised trial of first-line drug treatment for MALT lymphoma: the combination of an old tablet and an antibody beat either alone on relapse, and nobody lived longer."},{"id":"paper-trog-99-03-radiotherapy-systemic-therapy-early-follicular-jco-2018","kind":"paper","name":"Randomized trial of systemic therapy after involved-field radiotherapy in patients with early-stage follicular lymphoma: TROG 99.03","route":"/key-papers/paper-trog-99-03-radiotherapy-systemic-therapy-early-follicular-jco-2018/","tldr":"Adding six cycles of drug treatment after radiotherapy for early follicular lymphoma cut relapses outside the treated area and improved ten-year freedom from progression from 41 to 59 per cent."},{"id":"paper-elara-tisagenlecleucel-follicular-nat-med-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: the phase 2 ELARA trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-elara-tisagenlecleucel-follicular-nat-med-2022/","tldr":"A single infusion of reprogrammed immune cells cleared follicular lymphoma completely in about seven of ten heavily pretreated people, with no severe cytokine release syndrome at all."},{"id":"paper-zuma-5-axi-cel-indolent-lymphoma-lancet-oncol-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-zuma-5-axi-cel-indolent-lymphoma-lancet-oncol-2022/","tldr":"The first CAR-T trial in slow-growing lymphoma: more than nine in ten responded and three quarters went into complete remission, with severe neurological events in about one in five."},{"id":"paper-rosewood-zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab-follicular-jco-2023","kind":"paper","name":"ROSEWOOD: a phase II randomized study of zanubrutinib plus obinutuzumab versus obinutuzumab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-rosewood-zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab-follicular-jco-2023/","tldr":"Adding a targeted tablet to an antibody roughly halved the risk of progression in follicular lymphoma that had already returned twice."},{"id":"paper-inmind-tafasitamab-lenalidomide-rituximab-follicular-lancet-2026","kind":"paper","name":"Tafasitamab, lenalidomide, and rituximab in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (inMIND): a global, phase 3, randomised controlled trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-inmind-tafasitamab-lenalidomide-rituximab-follicular-lancet-2026/","tldr":"Adding a third antibody, directed at a different target, to the usual tablet-and-antibody pairing added about eight months before follicular lymphoma progressed again."},{"id":"paper-elm-2-odronextamab-follicular-ann-oncol-2024","kind":"paper","name":"Safety and efficacy of odronextamab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-elm-2-odronextamab-follicular-ann-oncol-2024/","tldr":"A two-headed antibody given alone put nearly three quarters of people with repeatedly relapsed follicular lymphoma into complete remission, lasting a median of two years."},{"id":"paper-shine-ibrutinib-bendamustine-rituximab-mantle-cell-nejm-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Ibrutinib plus bendamustine and rituximab in untreated mantle-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-shine-ibrutinib-bendamustine-rituximab-mantle-cell-nejm-2022/","tldr":"Adding a targeted tablet to first-line chemotherapy gave older people with mantle cell lymphoma about two and a half more years before relapse, without helping them live longer."},{"id":"paper-enrich-ibrutinib-rituximab-mantle-cell-lancet-2025","kind":"paper","name":"Ibrutinib and rituximab versus immunochemotherapy in patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (ENRICH): a randomised, open-label, phase 2/3 superiority trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-enrich-ibrutinib-rituximab-mantle-cell-lancet-2025/","tldr":"The first trial to show that a chemotherapy-free first-line combination beats immunochemotherapy in older people with mantle cell lymphoma."},{"id":"paper-echo-acalabrutinib-bendamustine-rituximab-mantle-cell-jco-2025","kind":"paper","name":"Acalabrutinib plus bendamustine-rituximab in untreated mantle cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-echo-acalabrutinib-bendamustine-rituximab-mantle-cell-jco-2025/","tldr":"Repeating the SHINE design with a more selective targeted tablet gave another seventeen months before relapse, and again did not extend life."},{"id":"paper-lyma-rituximab-maintenance-after-transplant-mantle-cell-nejm-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Rituximab after autologous stem-cell transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-lyma-rituximab-maintenance-after-transplant-mantle-cell-nejm-2017/","tldr":"Three years of an antibody every two months after a stem cell transplant kept younger people with mantle cell lymphoma in remission longer and helped them live longer."},{"id":"paper-ghsg-hd16-pet-guided-early-favourable-hodgkin-jco-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Positron emission tomography-guided treatment in early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the international, randomized phase III HD16 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group","route":"/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd16-pet-guided-early-favourable-hodgkin-jco-2019/","tldr":"Trying to spare radiotherapy on the strength of a clear scan after two rounds of chemotherapy cost about seven people in a hundred their remission."},{"id":"paper-ghsg-hd18-pet-guided-escalated-beacopp-lancet-2017","kind":"paper","name":"PET-guided treatment in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD18): final results of an open-label, international, randomised phase 3 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group","route":"/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd18-pet-guided-escalated-beacopp-lancet-2017/","tldr":"People whose scan cleared after two rounds of the most intensive Hodgkin regimen could stop after four rounds instead of six or eight, halving severe infections with no loss of control."},{"id":"paper-ahl2011-pet-adapted-treatment-advanced-hodgkin-lancet-oncol-2019","kind":"paper","name":"PET-adapted treatment for newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (AHL2011): a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 study","route":"/key-papers/paper-ahl2011-pet-adapted-treatment-advanced-hodgkin-lancet-oncol-2019/","tldr":"Starting with the most intensive Hodgkin chemotherapy and switching to the gentler standard once the scan cleared gave the same disease control with far less anaemia, bleeding risk and infection."},{"id":"paper-eortc-h10-pet-adapted-early-hodgkin-jco-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Early positron emission tomography response-adapted treatment in stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-eortc-h10-pet-adapted-early-hodgkin-jco-2017/","tldr":"In early Hodgkin lymphoma, switching to more intensive chemotherapy when the scan was still positive raised five-year freedom from progression from 77 to 91 per cent."},{"id":"paper-jcog9801-vcap-amp-vecp-adult-t-cell-leukaemia-jco-2007","kind":"paper","name":"VCAP-AMP-VECP compared with biweekly CHOP for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG9801","route":"/key-papers/paper-jcog9801-vcap-amp-vecp-adult-t-cell-leukaemia-jco-2007/","tldr":"The only randomised trial run exclusively in the virus-driven adult T-cell leukaemia found an intensive Japanese regimen produced more complete remissions than standard chemotherapy, at considerable cost in toxicity."},{"id":"paper-smile-chemotherapy-nk-t-cell-lymphoma-jco-2011","kind":"paper","name":"Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the NK-Cell Tumor Study Group study","route":"/key-papers/paper-smile-chemotherapy-nk-t-cell-lymphoma-jco-2011/","tldr":"An asparaginase-based regimen produced a response in four out of five people with an aggressive nasal lymphoma that resists ordinary chemotherapy, and nearly all of them developed dangerously low white cell counts."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-genetic-subtype-directed-first-line","kind":"idea","name":"Assign first-line treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by genetic subtype, not by a three-antibody stain","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-genetic-subtype-directed-first-line/","tldr":"Three genetic classifications of the commonest aggressive lymphoma exist and none of them yet decides anyone's treatment. The trial that would change that has not been run."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-ctdna-instead-of-the-interim-scan","kind":"idea","name":"Use circulating tumour DNA instead of the interim scan to decide what happens next","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-ctdna-instead-of-the-interim-scan/","tldr":"A blood test detects lymphoma left behind better than a scan does, and no trial has yet used it to change anyone's treatment."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-radiotherapy-free-early-hodgkin","kind":"idea","name":"A radiotherapy-free cure for early Hodgkin lymphoma that actually holds","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-radiotherapy-free-early-hodgkin/","tldr":"Every attempt to drop radiotherapy from early Hodgkin lymphoma on the strength of a clear scan has cost people their remission. Changing the chemotherapy as well is the next attempt."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-fixed-duration-chemotherapy-free-first-line","kind":"idea","name":"Fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free first-line treatment for the indolent lymphomas","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-fixed-duration-chemotherapy-free-first-line/","tldr":"Several treatments now work without chemotherapy, but most are given until the disease comes back. Giving them for a fixed time and stopping is the version patients would choose."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-randomised-evidence-for-the-t-cell-lymphomas","kind":"idea","name":"Randomised evidence for the T-cell lymphomas, including the ones that are not in Europe or North America","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-randomised-evidence-for-the-t-cell-lymphomas/","tldr":"Adult T-cell leukaemia has had one randomised trial, in 1998. Most T-cell lymphoma treatment rests on single-arm studies, and the diseases concentrated outside Europe and North America have the least evidence of all."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-manufacturing-time-as-a-trial-endpoint","kind":"idea","name":"Report the time from apheresis to infusion as a trial endpoint, not a logistics footnote","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-manufacturing-time-as-a-trial-endpoint/","tldr":"The best explanation for why one second-line CAR-T trial failed when two succeeded is how long the cells took to make. That interval is almost never a reported endpoint."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-the-drugs-that-cure-and-the-places-without-them","kind":"idea","name":"The drugs that cure lymphoma, and the places that do not have them","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-the-drugs-that-cure-and-the-places-without-them/","tldr":"Lymphoma is among the most curable common cancers where the drugs exist. Rituximab is thirty years old and still out of reach for many of the people who need it."},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-late-effects-of-the-treatments-given-now","kind":"idea","name":"Measure the late effects of the treatments being given now, not the ones given in 1975","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-late-effects-of-the-treatments-given-now/","tldr":"Everything known about the long-term cost of curing lymphoma comes from people treated decades ago with much larger radiation fields. Nobody knows the forty-year risks of what is given today."}]}