{"slug":"testicular","tag":"testicular","variants":["testicular"],"description":"Testicular tumours and the people who work on them.","count":7,"kinds":{"cancer":7},"related":[{"slug":"rare","tag":"rare","shared":7},{"slug":"subtype-page","tag":"subtype-page","shared":7},{"slug":"wave4","tag":"wave4","shared":7}],"records":[{"id":"leydig-cell-tumour","kind":"cancer","name":"Leydig cell tumour of the testis","route":"/cancers/leydig-cell-tumour/","tldr":"Leydig cell tumour is the commonest testicular tumour that is not a germ cell tumour; it grows from the hormone-making cells between the seminiferous tubules. It often makes testosterone or oestrogen, causing early puberty in boys or breast growth in men, and about nine in ten are benign and cured by surgery; the malignant minority responds poorly to chemotherapy."},{"id":"sertoli-cell-tumour","kind":"cancer","name":"Sertoli cell tumour of the testis","route":"/cancers/sertoli-cell-tumour/","tldr":"Sertoli cell tumour is a rare testicular tumour arising from the cells that support sperm production. Most are benign and cured by removing the testis; about one in ten spread, and there is no good treatment for those. A calcifying form occurs in boys with Peutz-Jeghers or Carney syndromes, usually with breast enlargement."},{"id":"spermatocytic-tumour","kind":"cancer","name":"Spermatocytic tumour of the testis","route":"/cancers/spermatocytic-tumour/","tldr":"Spermatocytic tumour, once called spermatocytic seminoma, is a rare testicular germ cell tumour of older men that arises from maturing sperm precursors rather than from the fetal germ cells behind ordinary testicular cancer. It almost never spreads, so removing the testis is the whole treatment and no chemotherapy or radiotherapy is needed."},{"id":"germ-cell-neoplasia-in-situ","kind":"cancer","name":"Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS)","route":"/cancers/germ-cell-neoplasia-in-situ/","tldr":"Germ cell neoplasia in situ is the pre-cancer of testicular germ cell tumours: abnormal fetal-type germ cells sitting inside the seminiferous tubules, which will become seminoma or non-seminoma if left. It is found beside almost every testicular cancer and sometimes on its own in the other testis, where low-dose radiotherapy or surgery prevents a second cancer."},{"id":"embryonal-carcinoma-testis","kind":"cancer","name":"Embryonal carcinoma of the testis","route":"/cancers/embryonal-carcinoma-testis/","tldr":"Embryonal carcinoma is the most aggressive and most common building block of non-seminoma testicular cancer, made of primitive cells that resemble an early embryo and can turn into the other tumour types. On its own or as the main component it spreads early to lymph nodes and lungs, but it is highly sensitive to cisplatin chemotherapy and most men are cured."},{"id":"yolk-sac-tumour-postpubertal","kind":"cancer","name":"Yolk sac tumour of the testis, postpubertal type","route":"/cancers/yolk-sac-tumour-postpubertal/","tldr":"Yolk sac tumour is a germ cell tumour whose cells copy the yolk sac of an early embryo and make the protein alpha-fetoprotein, which is measured in the blood to track it. In adults it almost always occurs mixed with other non-seminoma components and is cured with cisplatin chemotherapy; the pure infant form is a different, gentler disease covered on the childhood page."},{"id":"testicular-choriocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Choriocarcinoma of the testis","route":"/cancers/testicular-choriocarcinoma/","tldr":"Choriocarcinoma is the rarest and most dangerous form of non-seminoma testicular cancer, made of placenta-like cells that pour out the pregnancy hormone hCG and spread early through the blood to the lungs, liver and brain, where they can bleed. Fewer than eight in ten men survive five years, against more than 95 for testicular cancer overall, so it is treated urgently with intensive chemotherapy."}]}