# OnCo: every record > 10,779 records in 18 kinds, one line each: name (kind): TL;DR, then the URL of the record's Markdown context file, which holds the technical summary, structured fields, sources and connected records. The site overview and licence are at https://onco.cc/llms.txt. Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use must contact OnCo. Not medical advice. ## Cancers (108) One page per disease: state of the art, history, and what is coming. - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (cancer): Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the childhood cancer success story, and was the first disease treated with CAR-T and with a T-cell engager. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/all-leukemia.md - Acute myeloid leukaemia (cancer): Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aml.md - Adrenocortical carcinoma (cancer): Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cancer of the adrenal gland that often over-produces hormones. Surgery is the only cure, mitotane is the one drug specific to it (with real toxicity), and chemotherapy or immunotherapy help only a minority. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adrenocortical.md - Ampullary cancer (ampulla of Vater) (cancer): Ampullary cancer starts where the bile and pancreatic ducts empty into the small bowel. Because it blocks bile flow early it is often caught while still removable, and the Whipple operation cures a good share of patients. Tumours come in two flavours, intestinal-like and pancreas-like, and chemotherapy is increasingly chosen by which one the pathologist sees. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ampullary.md - Anal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) (cancer): An HPV-caused cancer of the anal canal that is usually cured without surgery by combined chemotherapy and radiation. Prevention (HPV vaccination, screening of high-risk groups) and immunotherapy for advanced disease are the new fronts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anal.md - Appendiceal cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei (cancer): Rare tumours of the appendix that range from slow mucin-producing growths that fill the abdomen (pseudomyxoma peritonei) to aggressive adenocarcinomas. The slow forms are treated by extensive surgery with heated chemotherapy in the abdomen; the fast ones like colon cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/appendiceal.md - Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (ATRT) (cancer): ATRT is an aggressive brain tumour of babies and toddlers caused by loss of a single gene, SMARCB1, part of the machinery that opens and closes DNA. Intensive chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue, and radiotherapy where age allows, now cure a meaningful share of children who once had little chance, and drugs aimed at the epigenetic consequence of SMARCB1 loss (EZH2 inhibitors) are in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atrt.md - Basal cell carcinoma (cancer): Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of all, caused by sun exposure and almost never life-threatening. Nearly all are removed surgically; the rare advanced cases are treated with drugs that block the hedgehog signalling pathway, and with immunotherapy if those fail. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/basal-cell-carcinoma.md - Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) (cancer): Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cholangiocarcinoma.md - Bladder & urothelial cancer (cancer): Bladder cancer went from 40 years of cisplatin to an ADC-immunotherapy combination that nearly doubled survival, and in 2026 the first blood-test-guided drug approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/urothelial.md - Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) (cancer): Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a rare aggressive blood cancer of dendritic-cell precursors, a few hundred US cases a year, that often first appears as bruise-like skin lesions. Two CD123-directed drugs, tagraxofusp and pivekimab sunirine, are the first targeted therapies; allogeneic transplant in first remission is still the only route to long-term control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bpdcn.md - Brain and spinal cord tumours (all types) (cancer): Brain and spinal cord tumours range from slow-growing meningiomas and low-grade gliomas to glioblastoma, the commonest malignant brain tumour in adults, and a distinct set of childhood tumours such as medulloblastoma and diffuse midline glioma. Molecular markers now define them, and treatment is surgery, radiotherapy and, for some, drugs chosen by those markers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brain-tumours.md - Burkitt lymphoma (cancer): Burkitt lymphoma is the fastest-growing human tumour, driven by a single rearrangement that switches on the MYC gene. That speed makes it exquisitely sensitive to chemotherapy: short, intense courses, now with the antibody rituximab, cure the great majority of children in well-resourced settings. The remaining task is to bring the same cure to the African children who make up most cases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/burkitt-lymphoma.md - Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) (cancer): Cancer found already spread, where doctors cannot find where it started. Genomic profiling finds a drug target in about a third of cases and tumour-agnostic approvals apply directly; the rest still rely on general-purpose chemotherapy, which is what those tests are changing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-of-unknown-primary.md - Cervical cancer (cancer): A cancer that could be eliminated by HPV vaccination and screening. For those who develop it, immunotherapy and a tissue-factor ADC have improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cervical.md - Childhood cancers (all types) (cancer): Cancer in children is rare and different from adult cancer: the common types are leukaemias, brain tumours, lymphomas and embryonal tumours such as neuroblastoma and Wilms tumour, most are curable in well-resourced health systems, and the great challenge is bringing the same cures to the majority of children who live where they are not available. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/childhood-cancers.md - Childhood lung and airway tumours (pleuropulmonary blastoma, tracheobronchial tumours) (cancer): Primary lung tumours in children are rare and unlike adult lung cancer. Pleuropulmonary blastoma starts as a lung cyst in infants and results from a faulty DICER1 gene that also predisposes to thyroid, ovarian and kidney tumours; removing cysts early, guided by an international registry and family gene testing, prevents progression to the aggressive solid forms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pleuropulmonary-blastoma.md - Chordoma (cancer): Chordoma is a slow-growing bone cancer of the skull base and spine that arises from leftover embryonic notochord cells. Complete surgery followed by high-dose proton or carbon-ion radiotherapy controls most tumours, and the whole disease depends on a single transcription factor, brachyury, which vaccines and degraders are now trying to hit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chordoma.md - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cancer): A slow leukaemia that no longer needs chemotherapy: BTK inhibitors and venetoclax control it for years, often in fixed-duration courses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cll.md - Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) (cancer): Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a blood cancer driven by a single fused gene, BCR-ABL1, and the model for oncogene-targeted treatment: imatinib in 2001 and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors that followed turned it into a condition most people live with long-term. About half of patients with a sustained deep molecular response can now stop treatment altogether. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cml.md - Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms (cancer): Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and its relatives are bone-marrow cancers that behave partly like myelodysplasia (poorly made blood cells) and partly like a proliferative disease (an excess of monocytes or platelets). Hypomethylating agents produce responses in a minority and stabilise counts in more, transplant can cure the fit, and RAS-pathway and JAK inhibitors are in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cmml.md - Colorectal cancer (cancer): The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely, yet most metastatic disease still depends on chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colorectal.md - Craniopharyngioma (cancer): Craniopharyngioma is a benign but destructive tumour growing from embryonic remnants beside the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Surgery, or limited surgery plus radiotherapy, cures most people, but the price can be lifelong hormone deficiency and severe obesity. The adult (papillary) form carries a BRAF mutation and shrinks dramatically with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, its first drug treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/craniopharyngioma.md - Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cancer): Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cutaneous-scc.md - Desmoid tumour (cancer): Desmoid tumours are locally aggressive growths of fibroblast-like cells, driven by WNT pathway mutations, that never spread to distant organs but can invade nerves, bowel and muscle. A substantial fraction stop growing or shrink on their own, so watching first is standard; for those that progress, the gamma-secretase inhibitor nirogacestat, approved in 2023, shrinks tumours and relieves pain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/desmoid-tumour.md - Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cancer): Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dlbcl.md - Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (including DIPG) (cancer): Diffuse midline glioma grows through the brainstem and cannot be removed surgically. A single change in a histone protein (H3 K27M) rewires how the tumour reads its DNA. Radiotherapy was long the only help; in 2025 the first drug aimed at this tumour, dordaviprone (ONC201), was approved after durable shrinkage in some patients, and GD2 CAR-T cells have produced striking early responses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dipg-dmg.md - Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (cancer): DCIS is abnormal cells confined to the milk ducts; it is not yet invasive cancer and cannot spread, but some would become invasive if left. Lumpectomy with radiotherapy, or mastectomy, halves local recurrence, so the live question is which low-risk DCIS can safely be watched: the COMET trial (2024) found active monitoring no worse at two years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ.md - Endometrial cancer (cancer): The gynaecological cancer where immunotherapy has had the biggest impact, guided by molecular classification. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endometrial.md - Ependymoma (cancer): Ependymomas grow from the cells lining the fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord, mostly in children under five. Removing the whole tumour followed by focused radiotherapy controls most cases; molecular groups defined in 2021 behave differently, with posterior fossa group A relapsing often, and there is no approved drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ependymoma.md - Epithelioid sarcoma (cancer): Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare soft tissue cancer that has lost a gene brake called SMARCB1, leaving it dependent on the enzyme EZH2. Surgery cures localised tumours, and the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat, the first epigenetic drug approved for a solid tumour, gives durable disease control in some advanced cases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epithelioid-sarcoma.md - Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms (cancer): Histiocytoses are diseases in which immune scavenger cells build up in bone, heart, brain, kidneys and skin. They used to be treated as inflammatory conditions with steroids and interferon. The discovery that most carry mutations in the same growth pathway as melanoma turned them into targetable cancers: BRAF and MEK inhibitor pills now produce responses in nearly every treated patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histiocytoses.md - Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) (cancer): Essential thrombocythaemia is a slow blood cancer in which the marrow makes too many platelets. Most people need only aspirin and monitoring; those at higher risk of clots take a drug to lower the platelet count, usually hydroxyurea or interferon, with anagrelide in reserve. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/essential-thrombocythaemia.md - Ewing sarcoma (cancer): Ewing sarcoma is a bone and soft-tissue cancer of teenagers driven by a single fusion gene, EWSR1-FLI1. Intensive chemotherapy with surgery or radiation cures most localised cases; disease that has spread at diagnosis, and relapse, remain hard to treat, and no drug against the fusion protein itself has yet succeeded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ewing-sarcoma.md - Extragonadal germ cell tumour (cancer): Extragonadal germ cell tumours are the same cancers as testicular germ cell tumours but arising in the midline of the body, most often the chest or the back of the abdomen. Seminomas are highly curable with chemotherapy; non-seminomas of the chest are the hardest germ cell tumours to cure and are treated with intensive chemotherapy followed by surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/extragonadal-germ-cell-tumour.md - Follicular lymphoma (cancer): Follicular lymphoma is the most common slow-growing lymphoma, defined in about 85% of cases by a BCL2 translocation. Most people live with it for decades, treated only when it causes problems; it can be controlled repeatedly with anti-CD20 antibodies, chemotherapy, bispecifics or CAR-T but rarely cured, and a small share transform into an aggressive lymphoma each year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/follicular-lymphoma.md - Gallbladder cancer (cancer): Gallbladder cancer is a cancer of the bile-storing sac under the liver, most often found by chance when the gallbladder is removed for stones. Caught early, a second operation to clear the liver bed and nodes can cure it; for advanced disease, chemotherapy now comes with an immunotherapy partner, and HER2-directed antibodies help the subset whose tumours over-express HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gallbladder.md - Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (cancer): A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gastric.md - Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) (cancer): GIST is a sarcoma of the gut wall driven almost always by a KIT or PDGFRA mutation. It was the proof that a pill can control a solid tumour: imatinib turned a median survival of about a year into one of eight years or more, and the mutation now dictates which drug to use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gist.md - Germ cell tumours of childhood and adolescence (extracranial and CNS) (cancer): Germ cell tumours arise from the cells meant to become eggs or sperm and can appear in the gonads, lower back, chest or brain. They are among the most curable childhood cancers because they respond to cisplatin chemotherapy and release blood markers that make monitoring easy. The work now is to cure with less: surgery alone for low-risk tumours, gentler platinum drugs, and protecting hearing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paediatric-germ-cell-tumours.md - Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (cancer): Cancers that grow from placental tissue after a pregnancy. They make a hormone (hCG) that acts as a perfect blood test, and they were the first solid cancer ever cured by chemotherapy. Immunotherapy now rescues the few that resist drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gestational-trophoblastic.md - Glioma & glioblastoma (cancer): Gliomas are now diagnosed by molecular class, and three classes got their first targeted drugs in 2024-25 (vorasidenib for IDH-mutant glioma, tovorafenib for BRAF-altered paediatric glioma, dordaviprone for H3 K27M). Glioblastoma itself is the hardest to treat and has kept the same standard since 2005; CAR-T delivered into the brain and focused-ultrasound drug delivery are the live directions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glioblastoma.md - Hairy cell leukaemia (cancer): Hairy cell leukaemia is a rare, slow B-cell leukaemia with a single defining mutation (BRAF V600E) that is unusually curable: one week of a purine analogue puts most people into remission for years, and BRAF drugs rescue those who relapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hairy-cell-leukemia.md - Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (cancer): Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/head-and-neck.md - Hepatoblastoma (cancer): Hepatoblastoma is a liver cancer of toddlers, cured in most standard-risk cases with cisplatin chemotherapy and surgery, including liver transplant when the tumour cannot be cut out. Sodium thiosulfate given after cisplatin halves the permanent hearing loss cisplatin causes, and became the first approved otoprotectant in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hepatoblastoma.md - Hepatocellular carcinoma (cancer): Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hcc.md - HER2-positive breast cancer (cancer): HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-her2-positive.md - HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas (cancer): People living with HIV have a raised risk of aggressive lymphomas, driven by immune suppression and viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus. The transformation of the last two decades is that, with antiretroviral therapy continued through treatment, these lymphomas are treated with the same full-dose chemotherapy and antibody regimens as in anyone else, with similar chances of cure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hiv-associated-lymphoma.md - Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer): Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hodgkin-lymphoma.md - HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer (cancer): HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-hr-positive.md - Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) (cancer): IMT is a rare tumour of spindle cells mixed with inflammatory cells, most often in the lung or abdomen of children and young adults. Surgery cures most, and about half carry an ALK gene fusion, so the ALK-blocking pill crizotinib is approved for those that cannot be removed, one of the first targeted approvals for a childhood solid tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inflammatory-myofibroblastic-tumour.md - Kaposi sarcoma (cancer): Kaposi sarcoma is a blood-vessel cancer caused by the herpesvirus HHV-8, made famous by the AIDS epidemic. In people with HIV, antiretroviral therapy alone often shrinks it; liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel treat advanced disease, and it remains among the commonest cancers in sub-Saharan Africa, where paclitaxel is often unaffordable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kaposi-sarcoma.md - Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) (cancer): Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder in which a small group of immune cells with a faulty growth signal (most often a BRAF mutation) pile up in bone, skin, pituitary or organs. It ranges from a single bone lesion that heals after biopsy to a life-threatening disease of infants. A year of gentle chemotherapy cures most children, and BRAF or MEK inhibitors rescue those with resistant disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis.md - Male breast cancer (cancer): Men get breast cancer too, usually a hormone-sensitive kind found as a lump near the nipple. It is treated much as in women, with surgery, radiotherapy and tamoxifen, and inherited BRCA2 mutations are found often enough that every man diagnosed is offered genetic testing. The main fix under way is including men in trials so their care stops being borrowed from women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/male-breast-cancer.md - Mantle cell lymphoma (cancer): An uncommon B-cell lymphoma driven by cyclin D1 that used to behave badly in almost everyone. BTK inhibitors, CAR-T and now BCL2 drugs have changed it from chemotherapy-plus-transplant to targeted combinations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mantle-cell-lymphoma.md - Medulloblastoma (cancer): Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant childhood brain tumour, arising in the cerebellum. Surgery, radiation to the whole brain and spine, and chemotherapy cure about 70%, at a heavy cost to thinking and growth; treatment is now being tailored to four molecular subgroups so that the low-risk children get less. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medulloblastoma.md - Melanoma (cancer): The cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/melanoma.md - Merkel cell carcinoma (cancer): Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, fast-growing skin cancer, usually caused by a common virus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) or by sun damage. It was almost untreatable once it spread; PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy now gives lasting responses in about half of patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/merkel-cell-carcinoma.md - Mesothelioma (cancer): An asbestos-caused cancer of the lung lining. Immunotherapy doublets replaced chemotherapy in 2020, and mesothelin CAR-T is under study. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mesothelioma.md - Metastatic cancer (cancer that has spread) (cancer): Metastatic cancer means the original cancer has spread to other parts of the body, most often the bones, liver, lungs or brain. It keeps the name of where it started, is treated with therapies that reach the whole body, and can increasingly be controlled for years; with limited spread it is sometimes treated with the aim of cure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metastatic-cancer.md - Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN1, MEN2, MEN4) (cancer): The MEN syndromes are inherited faults in a single gene that cause tumours in several hormone glands over a lifetime. Because the gene can be found in childhood, at-risk relatives can be tested, watched and in MEN2 have the thyroid removed before cancer develops; and for MEN2 thyroid cancer that does spread there is now a precise pill, selpercatinib, that blocks the faulty RET protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia.md - Multiple myeloma (cancer): Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/multiple-myeloma.md - Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms (MDS) (cancer): Bone-marrow disorders where blood cells are made badly and too few reach the blood; a third progress to acute leukaemia. Treatment ranges from transfusions and growth factors to hypomethylating drugs and, for the fit, transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mds.md - Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis) (cancer): Myeloproliferative neoplasms are slow-growing blood cancers in which the marrow overproduces red cells (polycythaemia vera), platelets (essential thrombocythaemia) or scar tissue (myelofibrosis). Almost all carry a mutation in JAK2, CALR or MPL; treatment aims to prevent clots and control symptoms, and only transplant cures myelofibrosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myeloproliferative-neoplasms.md - Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma) (cancer): Cancers of the nose and sinuses are a mixed group, from squamous carcinoma to the nerve-derived esthesioneuroblastoma and the aggressive undifferentiated carcinoma SNUC. Surgery through the nose with an endoscope followed by precise radiotherapy has replaced disfiguring open operations, and giving chemotherapy first to see who responds now guides how SNUC is treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sinonasal.md - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (cancer): A cancer at the back of the nose caused largely by the Epstein-Barr virus and common in southern China and Southeast Asia. Radiation cures most early cases; adding chemotherapy and, recently, PD-1 immunotherapy has improved outcomes in advanced disease, and a blood test for viral DNA can detect it early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nasopharyngeal.md - Neuroblastoma (paediatric) (cancer): Neuroblastoma is a childhood nerve-cell cancer where anti-GD2 antibodies and, recently, GD2 CAR-T have improved survival in high-risk disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neuroblastoma.md - Neuroendocrine tumours (cancer): A family of usually slow-growing tumours that start in hormone-producing cells of the gut, pancreas and lungs. They pioneered the idea of using the same molecule to see a tumour on a scan and then to treat it with radiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neuroendocrine.md - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types) (cancer): Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not one disease but a family of about sixty cancers of B cells, T cells or NK cells, from slow-growing follicular lymphoma to aggressive diffuse large B-cell and Burkitt lymphomas. This page is the map; each subtype has its own page with its own treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/non-hodgkin-lymphoma.md - Non-small-cell lung cancer (cancer): Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nsclc.md - NUT carcinoma (midline carcinoma with NUTM1 rearrangement) (cancer): NUT carcinoma is a fast-growing cancer of the midline of the body driven by a single fused gene, BRD4-NUTM1, that locks cells in an immature state. Chemotherapy and surgery rarely control it for long, but drugs that block the BET proteins the fusion depends on have produced responses and are the focus of trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nut-carcinoma.md - Oesophageal cancer (cancer): Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esophageal.md - Osteosarcoma (cancer): Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer, mostly in teenagers. Chemotherapy plus surgery cures about two-thirds when it has not spread; because no new drug has beaten that chemotherapy in a large trial in 30 years, the next gains are being sought in cellular therapy against GD2, HER2 and B7-H3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/osteosarcoma.md - Ovarian cancer (cancer): Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ovarian.md - Paediatric low-grade glioma (cancer): Paediatric low-grade gliomas are slow-growing brain tumours driven almost always by a single overactive signal, the MAPK pathway, most often through a BRAF gene change. Because the switch is known, pills that block it (dabrafenib with trametinib, and tovorafenib) now shrink tumours far more often than chemotherapy, and children are increasingly spared radiation to the developing brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paediatric-low-grade-glioma.md - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (cancer): Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pancreatic.md - Parathyroid carcinoma (cancer): Parathyroid carcinoma is a cancer of the glands that control blood calcium, seen in a few people per ten million a year; most of its harm comes from dangerously high calcium rather than spread. Removing the tumour intact at the first operation gives the best chance of cure, and cinacalcet and bone-protecting drugs control calcium when it cannot be removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parathyroid-carcinoma.md - Penile cancer (cancer): Penile cancer is a squamous skin-type cancer, about half of it caused by HPV. Caught early it is usually cured with organ-sparing surgery that has replaced amputation, and HPV vaccination and circumcision prevent it; the hard cases are those with lymph-node spread, where cisplatin-based chemotherapy plus surgery and now immunotherapy are being tested in the InPACT trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/penile.md - Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) (cancer): Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are lymphomas of T cells rather than B cells. They are rarer, more varied and, apart from a few subtypes, harder to treat than B-cell lymphomas; several new drugs help only defined subtypes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma.md - Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) (cancer): Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are tumours of adrenaline-producing tissue that cause dangerous blood pressure surges. Surgery after careful blood-pressure blockade cures most, genetic testing finds an inherited cause in nearly half, and for the minority that spread there are now radioactive drugs that home to the tumour and, since 2025, the first oral targeted pill, belzutifan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma.md - Pituitary tumours (pituitary neuroendocrine tumours) and pituitary carcinoma (cancer): Pituitary tumours are usually benign growths of the hormone gland at the base of the brain that cause trouble by overproducing hormones or pressing on the optic nerves. Prolactin-producing tumours melt away with a tablet, most others are cured by surgery through the nose, and the rare aggressive ones respond to the chemotherapy drug temozolomide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pituitary-tumours.md - Polycythaemia vera (PV) (cancer): Polycythaemia vera is a slow blood cancer in which a single faulty gene, JAK2, makes the bone marrow produce too many red cells. Thick blood causes clots, so treatment thins it (blood removal, aspirin) and, for higher-risk patients, calms the marrow with hydroxyurea, interferon or ruxolitinib; a hepcidin mimic, rusfertide, now controls red cell counts without regular blood removal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polycythaemia-vera.md - Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) (cancer): After an organ or stem cell transplant, the drugs that stop rejection also stop the immune system from policing Epstein-Barr virus, and infected B cells can grow into a lymphoma. The first move is to ease the immunosuppression; then the antibody rituximab, chemotherapy if needed, and, newest of all, off-the-shelf virus-specific T cells that restore the missing immune control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder.md - Primary CNS lymphoma (cancer): Primary CNS lymphoma is a lymphoma confined to the brain, eyes and spinal fluid. Unlike most brain tumours it is chemo-sensitive: high-dose methotrexate-based treatment cures a substantial minority, and consolidation with a stem-cell transplant has replaced whole-brain radiation for the fit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/primary-cns-lymphoma.md - Prostate cancer (cancer): Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prostate.md - Rare cancers of childhood (NCI PDQ umbrella) (cancer): Some childhood cancers are so rare that no single hospital sees enough to learn from. The NCI groups them together: heart tumours, airway papillomas, cancers of the thyroid, adrenal, nose and throat, melanoma and carcinomas more typical of adults. The answer has been international registries and expert networks that pool every case, so treatment guidance exists even without trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rare-childhood-cancers.md - Renal cell carcinoma (cancer): Kidney cancer is where anti-angiogenic drugs and immunotherapy came together, and where a Nobel-winning oxygen-sensing pathway yielded a drug, belzutifan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rcc.md - Retinoblastoma (cancer): An eye cancer of infants caused by loss of the RB1 gene, the first tumour-suppressor gene ever found. In rich countries almost every child survives and most eyes are saved by chemotherapy delivered through the eye's artery; in low-income countries, where most cases occur, survival depends on finding it early, and that is the global gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/retinoblastoma.md - Rhabdomyosarcoma (cancer): A childhood soft-tissue cancer of muscle-like cells found anywhere from the eye socket to the bladder. Most children are cured with chemotherapy, surgery and radiation, and a fusion gene (PAX-FOXO1) now decides how intensively to treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rhabdomyosarcoma.md - Salivary gland cancers (cancer): Salivary gland cancers are a family of over 20 rare cancers, each with its own behaviour and often its own gene fusion. Surgery and radiation treat most; drug therapy is now chosen by the specific subtype, from anti-HER2 or anti-androgen drugs to NTRK inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/salivary-gland.md - Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST) (cancer): Sarcomas are dozens of rare cancers of bone and connective tissue. GIST was the first solid tumour cured-in-practice by a targeted pill; synovial sarcoma got the first TCR-T therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarcoma.md - Skin cancer (all types) (cancer): Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/skin-cancer.md - Small intestine cancer (small bowel adenocarcinoma) (cancer): Cancers of the small intestine are rare and often found late because the small bowel is hard to see and symptoms are vague. Surgery cures early disease, chemotherapy borrowed from bowel cancer helps after surgery and in advanced disease, and a large minority of tumours have a repair defect that makes them respond well to immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/small-bowel.md - Small-cell lung cancer (cancer): A fast-growing lung cancer that responds to chemotherapy then relapses quickly. After 30 years without progress, T-cell engagers and ADCs are finally moving the needle. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sclc.md - Systemic mastocytosis (cancer): Systemic mastocytosis is a clonal disease of mast cells, the immune cells that release histamine; almost every case is driven by a single mutation in the KIT gene. Precise KIT-blocking pills now shrink the mast cell burden, ease symptoms and, in the aggressive forms, prolong life. Most patients have the indolent form, where the goal is controlling symptoms and preventing anaphylaxis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/systemic-mastocytosis.md - Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) (cancer): TGCT is a benign but destructive tumour of the joint lining in which a few cells carrying a CSF1 gene fusion recruit a crowd of normal immune cells that eat away at the joint. Surgery cures most localised cases, and for diffuse or recurrent disease two pills that block the CSF1 receptor, pexidartinib and vimseltinib, shrink tumours and restore joint function. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tenosynovial-giant-cell-tumour.md - Testicular germ cell tumours (cancer): Testicular germ cell tumours are the most curable adult solid cancer: cisplatin-based chemotherapy cures the large majority even when the disease has spread to distant sites. Today's research is about giving less treatment to the majority who are cured, rescuing the minority who relapse, and limiting lifelong survivorship harms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/testicular.md - Thymoma and thymic carcinoma (cancer): Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are rare tumours of the thymus gland in the chest. Thymomas grow slowly, often cause autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis, and are usually cured by surgery; thymic carcinomas behave like other aggressive cancers and have few effective drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thymic-epithelial.md - Thyroid cancer (cancer): Thyroid cancer is usually curable with surgery and radioactive iodine, the original theranostic. Rare aggressive forms respond to RET and BRAF inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thyroid.md - Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (cancer): A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tnbc.md - Urethral cancer (cancer): Urethral cancer grows in the tube that carries urine out of the body, with fewer than one case per million people a year. With no randomised trials, it is treated by borrowing from bladder, anal or vulvar cancer depending on cell type and location; chemotherapy with radiotherapy before or instead of surgery lets more patients keep their organs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/urethral.md - Uterine sarcoma (cancer): Uterine sarcomas are rare cancers of the muscle and supporting tissue of the womb, distinct from the far commoner endometrial cancer. Removing the uterus intact is the main treatment and is followed by observation for stage I disease; low-grade stromal sarcomas respond to hormone-blocking pills, while advanced leiomyosarcoma is treated with doxorubicin and trabectedin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uterine-sarcoma.md - Uveal melanoma (cancer): A melanoma inside the eye that is biologically unrelated to skin melanoma: different mutations, no response to standard immunotherapy, and a tendency to spread to the liver years later. Tebentafusp is the first drug ever to extend survival in the metastatic disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uveal-melanoma.md - Vaginal cancer (cancer): Primary vaginal cancer is rare and mostly caused by HPV, the virus behind cervical cancer. It is treated like cervical cancer, with weekly cisplatin alongside external and internal radiotherapy, which controls most tumours while preserving the organ; HPV vaccination and cervical screening, which also detects vaginal precursors, are steadily reducing it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vaginal.md - Vascular tumours (angiosarcoma, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma, kaposiform haemangioendothelioma) (cancer): Vascular tumours range from angiosarcoma, an aggressive cancer of blood vessel lining cells, to the slow-growing EHE and the infant tumour KHE. Angiosarcoma responds to paclitaxel and, in the sun-damaged scalp form, to immunotherapy; EHE and KHE depend on growth signals that the mTOR blocker sirolimus quiets, and EHE without symptoms is watched. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vascular-tumours.md - Vulvar cancer (cancer): An uncommon cancer of the external genitalia with two distinct causes: HPV infection in younger women and chronic skin inflammation in older women. Surgery is the mainstay, and sentinel-node biopsy has made it far less mutilating. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vulvar.md - Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (cancer): A slow lymphoma that makes an abnormal IgM antibody, causing thick blood, anaemia and nerve damage. Nearly all cases share one mutation (MYD88 L265P), and BTK inhibitors control it for years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/waldenstrom.md - Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) (cancer): Wilms tumour is a kidney cancer of young children and one of paediatric oncology's success stories: surgery plus a few months of chemotherapy cures about nine in ten. Today's trials aim to give the lowest-risk children almost no chemotherapy while finding the few with aggressive biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wilms-tumor.md ## Fronts (19) The fronts of the war on cancer: from imaging and early detection to ADCs, radiopharma, and cell therapy. - AI & Computation (front): Software that reads scans and slides, predicts outcomes, designs drugs, and matches patients to trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-computation.md - Antibody-Drug Conjugates (front): An antibody that finds the tumour, carrying a tiny dose of very strong chemotherapy that is released only inside it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adcs.md - Cell Therapy (front): Taking immune cells, engineering or expanding them, and giving them back as a living drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-therapy.md - Chemotherapy (front): Drugs that kill fast-dividing cells. Still the backbone of many cures, and now the warhead inside smarter drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemotherapy.md - Devices & Physical Therapies (front): Devices and physical therapies treat cancer with electric fields, heat, or sound rather than chemicals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/devices.md - Diagnostics & Biomarkers (front): Tests on tissue and blood that say what kind of cancer it is, what is driving it, and which drugs might work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diagnostics.md - Diet, Exercise & Lifestyle (front): What people eat, drink, weigh and do affects who gets cancer, how treatment goes, and who relapses. This front studies that with the rigour of a drug trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nutrition-lifestyle.md - Drug Discovery Platforms (front): Drug discovery platforms are the tools used to find the next drug: gene screens, organoids, models in mice, and AI. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drug-discovery.md - Early Detection & Screening (front): Early detection and screening means finding cancer before it causes symptoms, when it is most curable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/early-detection.md - Epigenetic & Transcriptional Therapy (front): Epigenetic and transcriptional therapy changes how genes are read rather than the genes themselves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epigenetics.md - Hormonal Therapy (front): Cutting off the hormones that some cancers, especially breast and prostate, need to grow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hormonal.md - Imaging (front): Imaging covers the ways of seeing cancer inside the body without cutting, from X-rays to tracers that light up a single protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imaging.md - Immunotherapy (front): Immunotherapy helps the patient's own immune system recognise and destroy the cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunotherapy.md - Prevention & Risk (front): Stopping cancer from starting: vaccines, germline testing, lifestyle, and preventive drugs or surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prevention.md - Radiation Therapy (front): Using focused beams or radioactive particles to kill tumour cells while sparing healthy tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiation.md - Radiopharmaceuticals & Theranostics (front): A molecule that homes to the tumour carries a radioactive atom. The same molecule with a different atom lets you see the tumour first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiopharma.md - Supportive Care & Survivorship (front): Supportive care and survivorship covers everything that keeps a patient well enough to receive treatment, and well afterwards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/supportive-care.md - Surgery & Interventional (front): Removing or destroying tumours physically, increasingly with robots, image guidance, and heat or cold instead of a knife. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surgery.md - Targeted Therapy (front): Targeted therapies are drugs designed to switch off a specific broken protein that a cancer depends on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/targeted-therapy.md ## Technologies (457) Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained. - Active surveillance (technology): For low-risk prostate cancer, monitoring with PSA, MRI, and repeat biopsy instead of treating, because most such cancers never cause harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/active-surveillance.md - Active surveillance of papillary microcarcinoma (technology): Active surveillance watches papillary thyroid cancers of 1 cm or less with ultrasound every 6 to 12 months instead of operating, because about 90% stay stable over a decade and delayed surgery works as well when needed. It is not suitable for tumours next to the windpipe or the voice nerve, and uptake outside Japan and Korea is still low. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/active-surveillance-thyroid.md - Acupuncture and acupressure for chemotherapy nausea (technology): Stimulating the P6 point on the inner wrist, with needles, electrical stimulation or a pressure band, adds a small further reduction in chemotherapy vomiting on top of modern anti-sickness drugs. It is safe and cheap, and guidelines say it can be offered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acupuncture-nausea.md - Acupuncture for aromatase-inhibitor joint pain (technology): Joint pain and stiffness are the main reason women stop aromatase-inhibitor tablets early. In a large randomised trial, twelve weeks of acupuncture reduced that pain more than sham needling or no treatment, and the benefit lasted after the sessions ended. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acupuncture-aromatase-inhibitor-arthralgia.md - Acupuncture for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (technology): Numb, tingling or painful hands and feet after taxanes, platinum or bortezomib have no proven preventive treatment. Small trials suggest acupuncture may ease the symptoms, but they are too small and inconsistent to be sure, so it is an option to try inside a trial or with careful tracking rather than an established treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acupuncture-chemotherapy-neuropathy.md - Acupuncture for dry mouth after head and neck radiotherapy (technology): Radiotherapy to the head and neck can permanently dry the mouth. A randomised trial in the United States and China found that acupuncture given during radiotherapy reduced dry mouth a year later compared with standard care, an effect that needs confirming. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acupuncture-xerostomia.md - Acupuncture for hot flushes on endocrine therapy (technology): Hot flushes on tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors are common and hormone replacement is off the table. Acupuncture reduced flushes in several randomised trials, in one about as well as the drug gabapentin and with fewer side effects, though sham-controlled results are mixed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acupuncture-hot-flushes.md - ADC bioconjugation manufacturing (CDMOs) (technology): ADC bioconjugation manufacturing joins a payload so toxic it needs the top containment class (OEB 5) to an antibody, then checks drug-to-antibody ratio and free payload. Capacity sits with a handful of contractors such as Lonza, WuXi XDC and Samsung Biologics, so long queues and China-based exposure shape who can develop ADCs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc-cdmo-manufacturing.md - ADC payload neutralisers (technology): An ADC payload neutraliser is an antibody given alongside an ADC that mops up the poison once it leaks into the bloodstream, so the ADC can hit the tumour with fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc-payload-neutralizer.md - AI auto-contouring and adaptive planning (technology): Software that draws organs and tumours on scans automatically, saving hours per patient and making daily plan adaptation practical. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/auto-contouring-ai.md - AI compute and model platforms for oncology (technology): AI compute platforms are the GPUs, model libraries, and cloud services that pathology, radiology, and drug-design AI run on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-compute-platforms.md - AI in radiology (technology): Software that reads scans alongside radiologists, catching cancers earlier and predicting who is at risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiology-ai-screening.md - AI polyp detection in colonoscopy (technology): Real-time software that highlights polyps on the colonoscopy screen, helping doctors find more of the growths that could become bowel cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-endoscopy-detection.md - AI scoring of biomarkers and grade on pathology slides (technology): Software that reads digitised biopsy slides to detect cancer, grade it, and score biomarkers such as HER2, PD-L1 and Ki-67 more consistently than the eye alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-pathology-scoring.md - AI trial matching & clinical decision support (technology): Software, increasingly LLM-based, that reads a patient's record and finds trials or guideline options they qualify for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-trial-matching.md - AI-assisted mammography screening (technology): Software that reads screening mammograms alongside or before radiologists, catching more cancers and cutting the reading workload in large trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-mammography-screening.md - AI-driven drug & target discovery (technology): Using machine learning to pick targets, design molecules and antibodies, and predict which ADC will work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-drug-design.md - Aidoc CARE (clinical radiology foundation model) (technology): Aidoc CARE is one radiology foundation model, pretrained on CT scans without labels, whose task-specific heads have each been FDA-cleared to flag urgent findings in emergency scans so radiologists read those first. Its oncology relevance is indirect, catching incidental masses; the regulatory evidence covers triage, not diagnostic accuracy for tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aidoc-care.md - Alcohol reduction, pricing and cancer warning labels (technology): Alcohol causes at least seven cancers and there is no safe threshold. Price, availability and cancer warning labels are the tools that work; most people still do not know alcohol causes cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alcohol-reduction-labelling.md - Allogeneic (off-the-shelf) cell therapy (technology): Cell therapies made from healthy donors in advance, so patients do not have to wait for their own cells to be engineered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allogeneic-cell-therapy.md - Allogeneic donor and iPSC master cell banks (technology): Making cell therapies from a healthy donor or stem-cell line in advance, so patients get an off-the-shelf product instead of waiting weeks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allogeneic-cell-banking.md - Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (technology): Allogeneic stem cell transplantation replaces a patient's blood system with a donor's after conditioning chemotherapy, so donor immune cells hunt down leukaemia left behind. It remains the only cure for adverse-risk acute myeloid leukaemia, high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and Richter transformation, at the price of graft-versus-host disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allogeneic-hsct.md - Alpha-emitter nanogenerators and daughter trapping (technology): Actinium-225 releases four alpha particles as it decays, but the daughters escape and irradiate the kidneys and salivary glands. Nanocarriers try to hold them in place. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alpha-nanogenerators.md - AlphaFold 3 (technology): Predicts the 3D shape of proteins together with DNA, RNA, small molecules and antibodies, the starting point for much modern drug design. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alphafold3.md - AlphaGenome (technology): Reads a million letters of DNA at once and predicts how a mutation changes gene regulation, splicing and chromatin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alphagenome.md - AlphaMissense (technology): Scored all 71 million possible single-letter protein changes in humans as likely harmful or benign. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alphamissense.md - Alternative medicine used instead of standard treatment (technology): Complementary approaches used alongside treatment can help with symptoms. Choosing an alternative therapy instead of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy is a different decision: in a national US database, people who did so were two and a half times as likely to die within the study period, and more than five times as likely with breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alternative-medicine-instead-of-treatment.md - American ginseng for cancer-related fatigue (technology): In a randomised placebo-controlled trial of 364 people, eight weeks of Wisconsin American ginseng modestly improved cancer-related fatigue, mainly in those still on treatment. The 2024 fatigue guideline says it may be offered during treatment; quality of the product matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/american-ginseng-fatigue.md - Androgen deprivation & AR pathway inhibitors (technology): Androgen deprivation lowers testosterone or blocks its receptor, and has been the foundation of prostate cancer treatment since 1941 (Nobel Prize 1966). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/androgen-deprivation.md - Anti-angiogenic therapy (technology): Anti-angiogenic therapy cuts off the tumour's blood supply; it is now mostly used to help immunotherapy work better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antiangiogenic.md - Antibody manufacturing (CHO bioprocessing) (technology): Antibody manufacturing means growing antibody drugs like pembrolizumab or trastuzumab in vats of engineered hamster cells, then purifying them. It is the industrial base for most modern cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monoclonal-antibody-manufacturing.md - Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) (technology): An antibody-drug conjugate is an antibody that homes to a protein on the tumour cell, is swallowed, and releases a chemotherapy payload inside it. That widens chemotherapy's safe dose window about a hundredfold, which is why payloads too toxic to give alone can be used, though lung inflammation, neutropenia and eye toxicity from the payload still occur. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc.md - Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (technology): An ADC that carries a gene-silencing strand instead of a chemotherapy, so it can switch a protein off rather than poison the cell. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antibody-oligonucleotide-conjugates.md - Antiemetics for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (technology): The drugs that stopped chemotherapy from meaning days of vomiting: 5-HT3 blockers (ondansetron, palonosetron), NK1 blockers (aprepitant), dexamethasone and olanzapine, given by the emetic risk of each regimen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antiemetic-therapy.md - Antineoplastons (Burzynski clinic) (technology): Antineoplastons are peptide fractions first isolated from urine and given at one private clinic in Texas for nearly fifty years, mostly to children with brain tumours. Despite dozens of registered trials, none has been published in full, no independent group has confirmed benefit, and the treatment is expensive and causes serious salt imbalance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antineoplastons.md - Apheresis and starting-material collection (technology): Apheresis is collecting a patient's white blood cells through a machine over several hours. Every autologous CAR-T begins here, and the quality of these cells shapes the final product. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apheresis-starting-material.md - Armoured, logic-gated & next-gen CARs (technology): Upgraded CAR-T cells that also secrete immune boosters, resist exhaustion, or only fire when two signals are present. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/armored-car.md - Aromatherapy (technology): Scented essential oils, alone or with massage, are pleasant and may briefly ease anxiety or nausea, but the trials are small and a Cochrane review found no reliable evidence that adding aromatherapy to massage does anything more than massage alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aromatherapy-cancer.md - Aspirin for cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy (technology): Daily low-dose aspirin lowers bowel cancer risk in people with Lynch syndrome and appears to cut recurrence in bowel cancers with a particular mutation. In healthy older people it caused more harm than good. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aspirin-cancer-prevention.md - Astatine-211 alpha therapy (technology): A rare alpha-emitting halogen that can be attached to antibodies and small molecules like iodine, tested in leukaemia conditioning and brain and ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/astatine-211-alpha-therapy.md - Atlas (Aignostics, Mayo Clinic, Charité) (technology): Atlas is a pathology foundation model trained on 1.2 million slides from two of the world's largest hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atlas-aignostics.md - ATR and CHK1 inhibitors (technology): Drugs that disable the checkpoint cancer cells use to pause and repair DNA under replication stress, pushing tumours with faulty DNA repair into collapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atr-chk1-inhibitors.md - Auger-electron therapy (technology): Auger-electron therapy uses radioactive atoms such as iodine-125 or terbium-161 that release cascades of low-energy electrons travelling only nanometres to micrometres, so they kill a cell only if the atom sits on or inside its DNA and spare the neighbours. Terbium-161 can replace lutetium-177 in existing PSMA ligands; true nuclear delivery remains preclinical. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/auger-electron-therapy.md - Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy) (technology): Autologous stem cell transplant collects the patient's own blood-forming stem cells, gives melphalan or another chemotherapy at a dose that would otherwise destroy the marrow, then returns the cells to rebuild it. It is standard consolidation in myeloma and for relapsed lymphoma, though CAR-T has displaced it in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/autologous-stem-cell-transplant.md - Ayurvedic medicine and cancer (technology): Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India, offers diet, yoga, herbs and mineral preparations. Yoga has good evidence in its own right; the herbal and mineral remedies have not been shown to treat cancer, and a fifth of products sold online contained lead, mercury or arsenic in one study. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ayurvedic-medicine-cancer.md - Bacterial vector cancer vaccines (technology): Weakened bacteria such as Listeria engineered to carry tumour antigens, using the body's strong response to infection to train T cells against cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bacterial-vector-vaccines.md - Bacteriophage-based tumour delivery (technology): Bacteriophage delivery uses viruses that infect bacteria, not human cells, as engineered shells whose coat proteins display tumour-homing peptides or antigens and carry drugs or vaccines. They are cheap and cannot replicate in people, but the work is preclinical: no oncology phage trial had reported efficacy by 2026, and the body clears them quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phage-delivery.md - Bariatric surgery and cancer incidence (technology): People with severe obesity who have weight-loss surgery develop about a third fewer cancers over the following decade, especially womb and other hormone-related cancers, than similar people who do not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bariatric-surgery-cancer-incidence.md - BCL-2 inhibitors (technology): Drugs that switch off BCL-2, the protein that lets cancer cells refuse to die; venetoclax transformed treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcl2-inhibitors.md - BH3 profiling (functional apoptosis testing) (technology): A lab test that measures how close a leukaemia cell is to self-destructing, and which survival protein is holding it back, to predict response to venetoclax-type drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bh3-profiling.md - Biliary stenting and drainage (technology): A small tube placed by endoscope or through the skin reopens a blocked bile duct, relieving jaundice so chemotherapy can be given. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biliary-stenting-drainage.md - Bimatoprost for eyelash and eyebrow regrowth (technology): Eyelashes and eyebrows often fall out with chemotherapy and can be slow to return. Bimatoprost, a glaucoma eye drop approved for thin lashes, applied along the lash line each night increased lash length and thickness in a randomised trial that included people after chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bimatoprost-eyelash-regrowth.md - Biobanking and tissue procurement (technology): Freezers full of consented tumour samples with matched clinical data, which every biomarker and drug programme depends on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biobanking.md - BioEmu (Microsoft) (technology): BioEmu is a Microsoft generative diffusion model that predicts the range of shapes a protein moves between, not one static structure, thousands of times faster than molecular dynamics simulation. For cancer drug discovery that can reveal transient pockets, as in KRAS, that static predictors miss, but its outputs are approximate and validated mainly on small proteins. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bioemu.md - Bispecific ADC (technology): A bispecific ADC is an ADC whose antibody grabs two different proteins on the cancer cell, so it sticks better to tumour and less to healthy tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bispecific-adc.md - Bispecific antibodies (technology): A bispecific antibody is one antibody with two different grabbing arms, so it can block two targets at once or pull an immune cell onto a cancer cell. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bispecific-antibody.md - Black salve and other escharotic pastes (technology): Black salve is a corrosive paste containing bloodroot and zinc chloride sold online to 'draw out' skin cancers. It burns whatever it touches, leaves disfiguring scars, does not reliably remove the cancer, and has let melanomas spread while people believed they were cured. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/black-salve-escharotics.md - Boltz-1 / Boltz-2 (MIT, open) (technology): Open-source structure models that match AlphaFold 3, with Boltz-2 also predicting how strongly a drug binds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boltz.md - Bone-modifying agents (bisphosphonates, denosumab) (technology): Zoledronic acid and denosumab reduce fractures, spinal cord compression and bone pain from bone metastases and myeloma, prevent treatment-induced bone loss, and in postmenopausal breast cancer modestly reduce recurrence in bone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bone-modifying-agents.md - Boron neutron capture therapy (technology): In boron neutron capture therapy a boron drug accumulates in tumour cells, then a neutron beam makes only those cells explode from inside. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bnct.md - Brachytherapy (technology): Brachytherapy places a radioactive source directly inside or next to the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brachytherapy.md - Breath and volatile-organic-compound detection (technology): Smelling cancer: measuring the trace chemicals a tumour puts into exhaled breath. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breath-vocs.md - Cachexia pharmacotherapy: GDF-15 blockade, anamorelin, olanzapine (technology): Cachexia pharmacotherapy covers three drug approaches to cancer wasting: ponsegromab, an antibody that blocks the appetite-suppressing hormone GDF-15 and is in phase 3; anamorelin, a ghrelin mimic approved only in Japan; and low-dose olanzapine, a generic tablet available everywhere that ASCO added to guidance in 2024. None has yet been shown to improve physical function. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cachexia-appetite-pharmacotherapy.md - Cachexia-directed therapy (GDF-15 blockade) (technology): Cachexia-directed therapy treats cancer wasting by blocking GDF-15, a hormone that rises in advanced cancer and acts on the brainstem to suppress appetite. Pfizer's antibody ponsegromab improved weight in a phase 2 trial and is in phase 2/3 in pancreatic cancer cachexia; whether weight gain translates into function is the open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cachexia-therapy.md - CAIX PET (89Zr-girentuximab) (technology): CAIX PET is a scan using an antibody against a protein almost unique to clear-cell kidney cancer, to tell cancer from benign kidney lumps without a biopsy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caix-pet.md - Cancer cell line encyclopedias and dependency maps (technology): Large public collections of cancer cell lines profiled for their genomes, drug sensitivity and gene dependencies, the reference data behind much of modern target discovery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-cell-line-encyclopedias.md - Cancer interception vaccines (technology): Cancer interception vaccines immunise people who do not yet have cancer but carry a high inherited risk, such as Lynch syndrome carriers, against the antigens their future tumour is predicted to express, so memory T cells remove transformed cells early. Because healthy people accept risk for a probabilistic benefit, the safety bar is far higher and trials take years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/interception-vaccination.md - Cancer neuroscience: cutting the nerve supply (technology): Tumours recruit nerves and use nerve signals to grow. Blocking that traffic, with beta-blockers or botulinum toxin, is being tested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nerve-tumour-denervation.md - Cancer pain management (technology): Systematic treatment of cancer pain with opioids, adjuvant drugs, radiation and procedures such as nerve blocks and intrathecal pumps. Most pain can be controlled, yet under-treatment remains common, especially where opioids are unavailable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pain-management.md - Cancer registries and population surveillance (technology): The public systems that count every cancer diagnosis and death in a country, which tell us whether incidence and survival are improving. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-registries-surveillance.md - Cancer variant knowledgebases and molecular tumour boards (technology): Curated databases that say what each mutation means for treatment, and the expert meetings that use them to decide on therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/variant-knowledgebases.md - Cancer-associated thrombosis prevention and treatment (technology): Blood clots are the second commonest cause of death in people with cancer. Risk scores identify who should take preventive blood thinners during chemotherapy, and direct oral anticoagulants have largely replaced injections for treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-associated-thrombosis.md - Cannabinoids for chemotherapy nausea (dronabinol, nabilone, medical cannabis) (technology): Two synthetic cannabinoid tablets, dronabinol and nabilone, have been approved for chemotherapy nausea since 1985 and can help when standard anti-sickness drugs fail. Modern antiemetics work better for most people, and evidence for herbal cannabis or vaped products is thin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cannabinoids-nausea.md - Cannabis and cannabinoids for pain, appetite and cancer control (technology): Cannabis and cannabinoids are used by patients for pain, appetite and sleep. Three phase 3 trials of a THC:CBD mouth spray added to opioids did not beat placebo for cancer pain, dronabinol failed for appetite, and no human trial shows tumour control, so ASCO's 2024 guideline advises against them as cancer treatment outside a trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cannabinoids-pain-appetite.md - CAR-NK & CAR-macrophage (technology): Putting the cancer-seeking receptor on natural killer cells or macrophages instead of T cells, which could be safer and off-the-shelf. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/car-nk-macrophage.md - CAR-T against stroma: fibroblasts and myeloid cells (technology): Instead of attacking the cancer cell, engineering T cells to strip away the scaffolding and the suppressive immune cells that protect it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stroma-directed-car.md - CAR-T cell therapy (technology): A patient's T cells are removed, given a synthetic receptor that recognises the cancer, multiplied, and put back as a living drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/car-t.md - CAR-T for glioma (IL13Rα2, GD2, EGFRvIII, multi-target) (technology): Engineered immune cells delivered directly into the brain or spinal fluid. Some children with diffuse midline glioma, a brainstem tumour with no curative treatment, have had striking, if temporary, responses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glioma-car-t.md - Carbon-ion therapy (technology): Heavier charged particles that kill even radiation-resistant tumours, available at only a handful of centres worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carbon-ion.md - Cardio-oncology (technology): Cardio-oncology builds heart risk assessment, monitoring and prevention into cancer care so patients can finish curative treatment without trading cancer for heart failure. It targets anthracycline and trastuzumab damage, checkpoint-inhibitor myocarditis and radiation heart disease using echocardiography, troponin tests and protective drugs; specialist clinics are concentrated in large centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cardio-oncology.md - CD40 agonist antibodies (technology): Antibodies that switch on CD40 on dendritic cells and macrophages to kick-start an immune response against tumours that checkpoint drugs alone cannot reach. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd40-agonists.md - CD47 and SIRP-alpha blockade (technology): Drugs that remove the 'don't eat me' signal cancer cells show to macrophages, so the immune system's scavenger cells can engulf them; the lead programme was halted for safety. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd47-blockade.md - CDK4/6 inhibitors (technology): Pills that stop the cell-division engine, added to hormone therapy for the most common type of breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdk46-inhibitor.md - Cell-free DNA methylation tests (technology): Blood tests that read chemical marks on fragments of DNA shed by tumours; the marks tell cancer DNA from normal DNA and hint at where the cancer is. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cfdna-methylation-testing.md - Cell-therapy orchestration and chain-of-identity software (technology): Scheduling and tracking software that makes sure each patient's cells come back to that patient, on time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-therapy-orchestration-software.md - Cell-therapy release and potency testing (technology): The quality checks a CAR-T batch must pass before it can be given: sterile, correct identity, enough live CAR-positive cells, and no replicating virus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-therapy-release-testing.md - Cell2Sentence / C2S-Scale (Yale, Google) (technology): Turns a cell's gene expression into a sentence so a normal language model can reason about it; a 27-billion-parameter version proposed a cancer immunotherapy idea that was confirmed in the lab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/c2s-scale.md - CellFM (technology): CellFM is an 800-million-parameter single-cell model trained on 100 million human cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellfm.md - Cereblon E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs) (technology): Next-generation relatives of lenalidomide that make the cell's disposal machinery destroy the myeloma proteins Ikaros and Aiolos more completely, working after older drugs fail. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/celmods.md - cfDNA fragmentomics (technology): Fragmentomics reads the sizes and positions of DNA fragments in blood, not the mutations. Cancer cells die messily and leave a recognisable fragmentation pattern. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fragmentomics.md - Chai-1 / Chai-2 (technology): Structure and antibody-design models from Chai Discovery, with Chai-2 reporting high zero-shot antibody hit rates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chai-1.md - Chemistry42 and Pharma.AI (Insilico) (technology): Generative chemistry platform behind the first AI-discovered drug to reach phase 2, plus oncology candidates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemistry42.md - Chemoprevention & risk-reducing surgery (technology): Drugs or surgery for people at high inherited risk, before any cancer appears. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemoprevention.md - CHIEF (Harvard, Yu Lab) (technology): A pathology model trained across 19 cancer types that predicts survival and mutations from slides. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chief.md - Chronotherapy: timing treatment to the body clock (technology): Giving the same drug at a different time of day, because the body clock changes how much damage it does and how well the immune system responds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chronotherapy.md - Circulating tumour cell capture (technology): Fishing whole cancer cells out of a blood sample to count them or study them; the count is prognostic in breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctc-capture.md - Circulating tumour HPV DNA (ctHPV-DNA) (technology): A blood test that detects fragments of the virus DNA shed by HPV-positive throat cancers, to confirm diagnosis, track response, and catch recurrence early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cthpv-dna.md - Clinical hypnosis for procedures, pain and hot flushes (technology): A brief hypnosis session before breast surgery or a biopsy reduces pain, nausea and anxiety afterwards, and a course of hypnosis roughly halved hot flushes in one randomised trial. It is a skill some psychologists offer, not a stage act. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hypnosis-cancer-care.md - Clinical NGS bioinformatics and variant interpretation (technology): Software that turns raw sequencer output into a report of which mutations matter and which drugs they point to. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ngs-bioinformatics-software.md - Clinical trial software (EDC, eCOA, CTMS, RTSM) (technology): Clinical trial software is the set of systems that collect trial data, randomise patients, and keep every form auditable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-trial-software.md - Closed automated cell-therapy manufacturing (technology): Sealed, robot-run machines that turn a patient's blood cells into a CAR-T product with far fewer hands, clean rooms, and mistakes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/closed-automated-cell-manufacturing.md - Coffee and tea intake (technology): Coffee does not cause cancer: IARC downgraded it in 2016, and cohort studies link two to three cups a day with lower rates of liver and womb cancer. Drinks of any kind served above 65 C are classed as a probable cause of oesophageal cancer, so the temperature, not the coffee, is the risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/coffee-intake-cancer.md - Cognitive behavioural therapy for fatigue and distress (technology): Cancer-related fatigue and anxiety respond to structured talking therapy that targets the thoughts and habits that keep them going. Randomised trials show benefits during treatment and, for persistent fatigue, years afterwards; guidelines recommend it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cbt-fatigue-distress.md - Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) (technology): Insomnia is one of the most persistent problems after cancer treatment. A short structured talking therapy that retrains sleep habits works better and for longer than sleeping tablets, and digital versions bring it to people who cannot reach a therapist. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cbt-insomnia-cancer.md - Colorectal cancer screening (colonoscopy, FIT, stool DNA, blood) (technology): Finding and removing polyps before they become cancer. Colonoscopy prevents cancer; stool and blood tests catch it early and get more people screened. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colorectal-screening.md - Colposcopy and excisional treatment (LEEP/LLETZ, cone) (technology): Looking at the cervix with a magnifier after a positive screen, then removing the abnormal patch with an electric wire loop in a clinic visit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colposcopy-excision.md - Community oncology and site networks (technology): The clinics where most cancer patients are actually treated, increasingly organised into large networks that also run trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/community-oncology-networks.md - Companion diagnostics (technology): The test that decides whether a specific drug is right for you, approved together with the drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/companion-diagnostic.md - Comprehensive genomic profiling (technology): Sequencing hundreds of cancer genes at once from a biopsy to find the mutations a drug can target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cgp.md - Compression, decongestive therapy and exercise for lymphoedema (technology): Arm or leg swelling after lymph node surgery or radiotherapy is managed with compression garments, specialised massage, skin care and exercise. Weight lifting, once forbidden, was shown in a randomised trial to reduce flare-ups rather than cause them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymphoedema-decongestive-therapy.md - Continuous and near-continuous ctDNA monitoring (technology): Instead of testing blood every three months, sampling constantly, so a relapse is caught the week it starts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/continuous-ctdna-monitoring.md - Contract research organisations (CROs) (technology): Companies that run clinical trials for sponsors: sites, monitoring, data, and regulatory filing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/contract-research-organisations.md - CRISPR functional genomics (technology): Knocking out every gene one at a time in cancer cells to find which ones they cannot live without. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crispr-screens.md - Cryopreservation and cell-therapy cold chain (technology): Freezing cells at minus 150 degrees and shipping them in liquid-nitrogen 'dry shippers' with tracking, so a living drug arrives alive and matched to the right patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-therapy-cold-chain.md - CT (computed tomography) (technology): A CT scan is a fast 3D X-ray that shows the size and shape of tumours and whether they have spread. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ct.md - CT-FM (whole-body CT foundation model) (technology): A model pretrained on 148,000 CT scans to segment organs and triage findings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ct-fm.md - ctDNA monitoring in lymphoma (PhasED-seq, clonoSEQ) (technology): A blood test that tracks lymphoma DNA far below what a PET scan can see, so doctors can tell early who is cured and who will relapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctdna-lymphoma-monitoring.md - Curcumin and turmeric (technology): Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, kills cancer cells in a dish and is one of the most studied supplements, but it is barely absorbed from the gut and no randomised trial has shown it treats cancer in people. Cooking with turmeric is fine; high-dose capsules can interact with chemotherapy and blood thinners. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curcumin-turmeric.md - Cystoscopy, blue-light imaging & TURBT (technology): Cystoscopy and TURBT mean looking inside the bladder with a camera and shaving off tumours through the urethra. Blue-light dyes make flat tumours easier to see. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cystoscopy-turbt.md - Cytogenetics and FISH (technology): Looking at the leukaemia's chromosomes under a microscope, or lighting up specific gene breaks with fluorescent probes, to classify risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytogenetics-fish.md - Cytokines & engineered cytokines (technology): Cytokine therapy gives immune-signalling proteins as drugs. High-dose interleukin-2 was the first immunotherapy to cure some melanomas, at great toxicity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytokine-therapy.md - Cytotoxic chemotherapy (technology): Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs (platinums, antimetabolites, microtubule agents and topoisomerase inhibitors) kill rapidly dividing cells by damaging DNA or the mitotic spindle. They still cure testicular cancer, lymphoma and leukaemia, and they are the warhead inside antibody-drug conjugates, but a narrow margin between effective and toxic doses is their limitation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytotoxic-chemotherapy.md - Dance and movement therapy (technology): Dance and movement therapy is enjoyable and a form of exercise, and small trials hint at better quality of life and mood in women with breast cancer, but a Cochrane review found too little evidence to judge whether it helps beyond that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dance-movement-therapy.md - De novo designed protein binders (technology): Designing a protein from scratch on a computer to grip a chosen target, instead of finding one in an animal or a library. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/de-novo-protein-design.md - Decentralised and hybrid clinical trials (technology): Running parts of a trial at home or locally, with telehealth, home nursing, and remote monitoring, so patients far from big centres can take part. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/decentralised-clinical-trials.md - Degrader-antibody conjugate (DAC) (technology): An ADC that delivers a protein-destroying molecule instead of chemotherapy, hitting targets inside the cell that were previously unreachable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/degrader-antibody-conjugate.md - Dendritic cell vaccines (technology): Vaccines made from a patient's own antigen-presenting cells loaded with tumour proteins; sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer was the first approved, and newer versions are tested in brain and other cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dendritic-cell-vaccines.md - Dermoscopy, total-body photography & AI skin analysis (technology): Magnified skin imaging and whole-body photo mapping, increasingly read by algorithms, to find melanoma early and avoid unnecessary biopsies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dermoscopy-ai.md - Dietary fibre and the gut microbiome for immunotherapy response (technology): Patients who eat plenty of fibre and avoid probiotic pills seem to respond better to immunotherapy for melanoma, probably because fibre feeds the right gut bacteria. A proper trial is under way. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dietary-fibre-microbiome-io.md - Dietary supplements during cancer treatment: interactions and harms (technology): Most people on cancer treatment take supplements, often without telling their team. Antioxidants, St John's wort, high-dose vitamins and some herbs can blunt chemotherapy or radiotherapy or interact with targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dietary-supplements-treatment-interactions.md - Dietitian-led weight-loss programmes in HR-positive breast cancer (technology): Being overweight after breast cancer is linked with more recurrence, so a 3,000-woman trial tested a two-year telephone weight-loss programme. Women lost weight, but the trial did not clearly show fewer recurrences. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dietitian-led-weight-loss-breast.md - Digital pathology & AI (technology): Scanning microscope slides and letting software measure things a pathologist cannot see, including predictions of who will benefit from a treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/digital-pathology-ai.md - Digital twins and virtual control arms (technology): Using a model of what would have happened to a patient on standard treatment, so fewer people have to be randomised to it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/digital-twins-trials.md - DNA methylation profiling (technology): Reading chemical tags on DNA that reveal a cell's identity, used to classify brain tumours and to detect cancer in blood. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/methylation-profiling.md - DNA origami nanorobots (technology): Folded DNA machines that open only when they touch a tumour, releasing a payload or clotting the tumour's blood supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dna-origami-nanorobots.md - Dual-payload ADC (technology): A dual-payload ADC is an ADC carrying two different poisons at once, so the tumour cannot escape by becoming resistant to one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dual-payload-adc.md - Early integrated palliative care (technology): Specialist care for symptoms, decision-making and quality of life given alongside cancer treatment from diagnosis, not just at the end. Trials show it improves quality of life and mood and may lengthen survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palliative-care.md - Electrochemotherapy (technology): Brief electric pulses applied to a tumour open pores in cell membranes so that a tiny dose of bleomycin or cisplatin floods in; used for skin metastases and, increasingly, for deep tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/electrochemotherapy.md - Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) symptom monitoring (technology): Patients report symptoms weekly through an app or web form, and nurses respond to alerts. Randomised trials showed this simple system improved quality of life, cut emergency visits and, in one trial, extended survival by five months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epro-symptom-monitoring.md - Electronic patient-reported outcomes and remote monitoring (technology): Apps and sensors that let patients report symptoms between visits, which in trials improved survival and cut emergency visits. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/remote-patient-monitoring.md - Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs) (technology): Pills that block or remove oestrogen signalling, the mainstay of treatment for hormone-driven breast cancer for 50 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endocrine-therapy.md - Endoscopic resection (EMR / ESD) (technology): Endoscopic resection lifts an early cancer of the oesophagus or stomach with an injection and cuts it out from inside with a snare or electrosurgical knife, keeping the organ intact. It cures cancers confined to the mucosa (T1a) and gives a definitive depth reading; deeper invasion or lymph node spread still needs surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endoscopic-resection.md - Enformer and Borzoi (DeepMind, Calico) (technology): Models that predict how DNA sequence controls gene activity, used to interpret non-coding cancer mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enformer-borzoi.md - Engineered bacteria as living cancer drugs (technology): Bacteria that seek out the low-oxygen core of tumours, then manufacture a drug on the spot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/engineered-bacteria-therapy.md - Engineered exosomes as drug carriers (technology): Loading the tiny vesicles cells naturally use to talk to each other with a cancer drug, so the body treats the carrier as its own. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exosome-therapeutics.md - Enhanced recovery (ERAS) and perioperative nutrition (technology): Instead of starving patients before and after an operation, modern surgical pathways feed them early, give carbohydrate drinks the night before, and get them walking the next day. Complications and hospital stays fall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eras-perioperative-nutrition.md - Enteral and parenteral nutrition support (technology): Nutrition support means tube feeding into the gut, or nutrition into a vein when the gut cannot be used. It is life-saving in the right patient, harmful or futile in the wrong one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enteral-parenteral-nutrition.md - Epigenetic drugs (HDAC, DNMT, EZH2, IDH, menin, BET) (technology): Drugs that change how genes are switched on and off without changing the DNA itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epigenetic-drugs.md - Epigenetic editing (durable gene silencing) (technology): Switching a gene off for good without changing the DNA sequence, by writing chemical marks onto it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epigenetic-editing.md - ESM3 (EvolutionaryScale) (technology): ESM3 is a generative protein model that designed a working fluorescent protein far from any natural sequence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esm3.md - Essiac, Hoxsey and other 'herbal cancer cures' (technology): Essiac tea, Hoxsey tonic and similar herbal mixtures have been sold as cancer cures for a century. Laboratory tests and reviews by the NCI and Canadian regulators found no anticancer effect, and the clinics that sell them have never produced a controlled trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/essiac-herbal-cancer-cures.md - Evidence-based integrative oncology (technology): Using complementary approaches with real evidence, such as acupuncture for nausea and pain, yoga and mindfulness for anxiety and fatigue, alongside standard treatment, while steering patients away from unproven 'alternative' therapies that can shorten life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/integrative-oncology.md - Evo 2 (Arc Institute, NVIDIA) (technology): A DNA language model trained on 9.3 trillion bases that can flag cancer-causing BRCA1 variants without being told about them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evo2.md - Exercise & lifestyle oncology (technology): Structured exercise during and after treatment, which the CHALLENGE trial showed improves survival in colon cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exercise-oncology.md - Exercise during chemotherapy and radiotherapy (technology): Moderate exercise while on chemotherapy is safe and reduces fatigue, helps people finish their planned doses, and may protect the heart and nerves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exercise-during-chemotherapy.md - Extended pleurectomy/decortication & radical mesothelioma surgery (technology): Pleurectomy and decortication are operations that strip the tumour-bearing lining from the lung and chest wall. They were long assumed to help; the MARS 2 trial showed they do not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pleurectomy-decortication.md - Faecal microbiota transplantation for PD-1 non-responders (technology): Transplanting gut bacteria from patients who responded to immunotherapy into those who did not. In small studies a minority of resistant melanomas started responding. Randomised trials are running. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fmt-checkpoint-nonresponders.md - FAPI PET (technology): FAPI PET is a PET scan that lights up the scaffolding around almost any solid tumour, including cancers the standard sugar scan misses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fapi-pet.md - Fasting and fasting-mimicking diets around chemotherapy (technology): Fasting-mimicking diets cut food intake for three days around each chemotherapy dose to lower glucose, insulin and IGF-1, which may shield normal cells and sensitise the tumour. The DIRECT trial in early breast cancer improved radiological response but fewer than 20% of patients kept to the diet, and it is unsafe in cachexia or without a dietitian. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fasting-mimicking-diet.md - FDG PET (technology): FDG PET is the standard PET scan. A radioactive sugar shows which tissues are burning glucose fast, which most cancers do. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fdg-pet.md - Federated learning and privacy-preserving AI (technology): Federated learning trains one AI model across hospitals by exchanging model updates, not patient data, so a pathology or radiology model learns from every site while records stay behind each firewall. Owkin, NVIDIA FLARE and the MELLODDY pharma consortium use it; governance overhead and differing data across sites are the practical obstacles. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/federated-learning-medical-ai.md - Fenbendazole, ivermectin and other internet 'repurposed cures' (technology): Dog dewormers and anti-parasite drugs are promoted on social media as hidden cancer cures on the strength of cell-culture experiments and anecdotes. No clinical trial shows benefit in people, liver damage has been reported, and drug repurposing is real but works through trials, not forums. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fenbendazole-ivermectin-repurposing-claims.md - Fertility-sparing hormonal treatment of early endometrial cancer (technology): For young women with the earliest, low-grade endometrial cancers, progestin pills or a hormonal IUD can clear the cancer and allow pregnancy before a later hysterectomy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fertility-sparing-endometrial.md - Financial toxicity and financial navigation (technology): Cancer treatment can bankrupt patients even with insurance. Financial navigation programmes screen for money problems and connect patients to assistance, insurance optimisation and legal help, and trials show they reduce distress and debt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/financial-navigation.md - Fish oil (EPA) for cancer weight loss (technology): Fish oil rich in EPA was expected to slow cancer-related muscle wasting by damping inflammation. Randomised trials and a Cochrane review found no convincing effect on weight or survival, though fish oil is safe and sits comfortably inside general nutritional support. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/omega3-epa-cachexia.md - FLASH radiotherapy (technology): Delivering an entire dose in under a second, which in animals spares healthy tissue while still killing the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flash-rt.md - Fluorescence-guided surgery (technology): Injecting a dye that makes tumour glow so the surgeon can see exactly where to cut. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fluorescence-guided-surgery.md - Focused ultrasound & histotripsy (technology): Destroying tumours from outside the body with tightly focused sound waves, using either heat or microscopic bubbles. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hifu-histotripsy.md - Focused-ultrasound blood-brain barrier opening (technology): Sound waves plus microbubbles briefly open the brain's protective barrier so chemotherapy or antibodies can get to the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bbb-focused-ultrasound.md - Foresight (generative EHR model) (technology): A model trained on millions of hospital records that forecasts a patient's next diagnoses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foresight-ehr.md - Frozen gloves, socks and compression for taxane nail and nerve damage (technology): Wearing frozen gloves and socks, or tight surgical gloves, during taxane infusions reduces nail damage and may reduce numbness in the hands and feet, by narrowing the blood vessels while the drug is at its peak. Trials are small but consistent, and it is cheap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frozen-gloves-compression-taxane.md - Functional (ex vivo) drug testing (technology): Growing a patient's own cancer cells in a dish and testing drugs on them directly, instead of guessing from genetics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/functional-drug-testing.md - Gamma-delta T cell therapy (technology): Cell therapies built from a rare T-cell type that recognises stressed cancer cells without needing tissue matching, making them candidates for off-the-shelf products. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gamma-delta-t-cell-therapy.md - Gamma-secretase inhibitors (technology): Drugs that block the enzyme that activates Notch signalling; nirogacestat became the first approved, in 2023, for desmoid tumours, a rare but destructive growth of connective tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gamma-secretase-inhibitors.md - Gastric cancer endoscopic screening (East Asia) (technology): In Korea and Japan, where stomach cancer is common, adults have a camera examination of the stomach every two years, so most cancers are found early enough to remove through the endoscope. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gastric-endoscopic-screening.md - GEARS and perturbation prediction benchmarks (technology): GEARS is a graph model predicting the effect of gene knockouts; the perturbation benchmarks around it showed how hard the problem is. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gears.md - Gene-expression prognostic assays (technology): Tests that measure a set of genes in a removed tumour to estimate how likely it is to come back, so patients with low scores can safely skip chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gene-expression-prognostic-assays.md - Geneformer (technology): Geneformer is a transformer trained on about 30 million single cells that encodes each cell as a ranked list of its genes, so deleting a gene in silico shows which genes matter in a disease. It was the first single-cell foundation model in general use, though benchmarks find only modest gains over linear baselines on some tasks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geneformer.md - GenePT (technology): Uses text embeddings of gene descriptions from a general LLM to represent cells, and performs surprisingly well. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genept.md - Generic oncology drug supply and shortage mitigation (technology): Keeping cheap, essential chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin available; shortages in 2023 forced rationing in US hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/generic-drug-shortage-response.md - Genetically engineered mouse models (technology): Mice carrying the same mutations as human cancers so that tumours arise in the right tissue with an intact immune system; the KPC pancreatic model is the best known. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genetically-engineered-mouse-models.md - Genomics cloud and secure research environments (technology): Cloud systems where hospitals and researchers store and analyse genomic data securely at petabyte scale. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genomics-cloud-platforms.md - Geriatric assessment (technology): Geriatric assessment is a structured check of an older patient's fitness, memory, and support that predicts treatment tolerance better than age. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geriatric-assessment.md - Germline (hereditary) testing (technology): A test of the DNA you were born with, to find inherited risk genes such as BRCA or Lynch syndrome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/germline-testing.md - Gerson therapy, coffee enemas and 'detox' regimens (technology): The Gerson regimen prescribes hourly juices, a strict low-salt vegetarian diet, supplements and several coffee enemas a day, and is sold at clinics in Mexico. It has never shown benefit in any controlled study, and coffee enemas have caused fatal electrolyte disturbances and infections. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gerson-therapy-detox-regimens.md - Ginger for chemotherapy nausea (technology): Ginger capsules taken alongside standard anti-sickness drugs reduced nausea in the largest randomised trial, but other trials found no effect and the doses and products vary. It is safe for most people, with a caution about bleeding for anyone on anticoagulants. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ginger-nausea.md - Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries (technology): Seventy percent of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where radiotherapy machines, pathologists, essential medicines and palliative care are scarce. Global oncology works on affordable, adapted care and the systems to deliver it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/global-oncology-access.md - GLP-1 receptor agonists and obesity-related cancer risk (technology): GLP-1 agonists, the new weight-loss injections, lower weight by 15-20%. Early observational data suggest fewer obesity-related cancers in people who take them, but no trial has yet tested cancer as an outcome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glp1-agonists-cancer-risk.md - Glutamine for mucositis and neuropathy (technology): Oral glutamine, an amino acid that gut and mouth lining cells use for fuel, may reduce the severity of mouth ulcers during head and neck chemoradiation; mucositis guidelines suggest it for that use. Intravenous glutamine in transplant patients is not recommended, and evidence for preventing nerve damage is thin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glutamine-mucositis-neuropathy.md - Green tea and EGCG extracts (technology): Drinking green tea is safe and pleasant, but a Cochrane review found no consistent evidence that it prevents cancer, and concentrated green tea extract capsules have caused liver injury and can interfere with some drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/green-tea-egcg.md - Growth factors: G-CSF and febrile neutropenia prevention (technology): Injections of filgrastim or its long-acting form pegfilgrastim after chemotherapy make white cells recover faster, cutting the risk of life-threatening infections and allowing chemotherapy on schedule. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/g-csf-growth-factors.md - H-optimus (Bioptimus) (technology): An open 1.1-billion-parameter pathology model from a French startup, among the strongest on public benchmarks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/h-optimus.md - HCC surveillance in cirrhosis (ultrasound + AFP) (technology): People with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B get a liver ultrasound and a blood test every six months so cancer is caught while it is still curable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hcc-surveillance.md - Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (technology): Pills that block a developmental signalling pathway hijacked by basal cell skin cancer, shrinking tumours that cannot be operated on; also used in some leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hedgehog-inhibitors.md - HER2 PET (technology): HER2 PET is a PET scan using radiolabelled trastuzumab or smaller HER2 binders to map HER2 across all metastases at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-pet.md - HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (technology): Small pills that block HER2 from inside the cell, complementing antibody drugs; tucatinib is notable for working against brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors.md - Hibou (HistAI) (technology): Hibou is a family of open pathology foundation models under a permissive licence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hibou.md - High-dose intravenous vitamin C (technology): Vitamin C tablets do not treat cancer: two randomised trials at the Mayo Clinic settled that in the 1980s. Intravenous doses reach blood levels high enough to generate hydrogen peroxide in tumours, and small trials alongside chemotherapy are under way, but no adequately sized trial has yet shown benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/high-dose-vitamin-c.md - High-risk pancreatic surveillance (CAPS / PRECEDE) (technology): Yearly MRI or endoscopic ultrasound for people with inherited risk, which catches pancreatic cancers while they are still operable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pancreatic-surveillance.md - High-throughput screening and DNA-encoded libraries (technology): Testing millions or billions of chemical compounds against a cancer target automatically to find starting points for new drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/high-throughput-screening-libraries.md - HIPEC / PIPAC (intraperitoneal chemotherapy) (technology): Washing the abdominal cavity with heated chemotherapy during surgery to kill microscopic peritoneal deposits. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hipec.md - Histology automation and IHC autostainers (technology): Histology automation is the robots that process tissue into slides and stain them for biomarkers such as HER2 and PD-L1, the same way every time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ihc-autostainers-histology-automation.md - Histopathology & immunohistochemistry (technology): Histopathology means looking at cancer cells under a microscope, and immunohistochemistry stains them for specific proteins. Together they are still the foundation of every diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histopathology-ihc.md - Histotripsy as an immune primer (technology): Destroying a tumour mechanically with sound, rather than heat, leaves the debris intact enough for the immune system to learn from it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histotripsy-immune-priming.md - Homeopathy (technology): Homeopathic remedies are diluted until no molecules of the starting substance remain, so any effect would need new physics. A Cochrane review of trials for chemotherapy and radiotherapy side effects found no convincing evidence that they work; they are harmless as long as they do not replace real treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/homeopathy-cancer.md - Honey for radiation mucositis (technology): Swallowing honey before and after head and neck radiotherapy sessions reduced mouth ulcers in several small trials, mostly from single centres, but the studies are of low quality and mucositis guidelines could not make a recommendation either way. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/honey-radiation-mucositis.md - Hospice and end-of-life care (technology): Care in the last months of life focused entirely on comfort, at home or in a hospice, when cancer treatment no longer helps. Enrolling earlier than the typical two to three weeks gives patients and families more benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospice-end-of-life.md - HPV & HBV vaccination (technology): Vaccines that prevent the viral infections behind cervical, throat, anal, and liver cancers. The most effective anti-cancer intervention ever created. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpv-vaccine.md - HPV DNA testing and self-sampling (technology): A swab tested for the virus that causes cervical cancer, more accurate than the Pap smear and doable at home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpv-testing.md - HRD & BRCA testing (technology): Tests that reveal whether a tumour has a broken DNA repair system, which predicts response to PARP inhibitors and platinum. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hrd-testing.md - Humanised mouse models (technology): Immunodeficient mice given a human immune system from stem cells, so human immunotherapies and CAR-T cells can be tested against human tumours in a living animal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/humanised-mouse-models.md - Hydrazine sulfate (technology): Hydrazine sulfate was promoted in the 1970s and 80s to reverse cancer weight loss and prolong life. Three large randomised trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute found no benefit and more side effects, and the compound is a suspected carcinogen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hydrazine-sulfate.md - Hyperbaric oxygen for late radiation injury (technology): Breathing pure oxygen in a pressurised chamber, over 30 to 40 sessions, helps heal radiation damage to the jaw, bladder and bowel that appears years after treatment. A Cochrane review found moderate-quality evidence of benefit for these sites, and little for others. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hyperbaric-oxygen-radiation-injury.md - Hyperthermia (technology): Hyperthermia heats tumours to 40-43 °C to make radiation and chemotherapy work better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hyperthermia.md - Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (technology): A harmless molecule that turns into a poison only where there is no oxygen, which in the body means inside a tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hypoxia-activated-therapy.md - IDH inhibitors (technology): Pills that block mutant IDH1 or IDH2 enzymes, which flood cells with a metabolite that blocks maturation; approved in leukaemia, bile duct cancer and low-grade glioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idh-inhibitors.md - Imaging core labs and central review (technology): Independent radiologists who re-read every scan in a trial the same way, so response rates mean the same thing across hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imaging-core-labs.md - Imaging mass cytometry (technology): A way to stain a tumour slice for dozens of proteins at once using metal-tagged antibodies read by a mass spectrometer, giving a detailed map of which cells are where. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imaging-mass-cytometry.md - Immune checkpoint inhibitors (technology): Immune checkpoint inhibitors are antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 that release the brakes on T cells so they attack the cancer. They are approved in more than 20 tumour types and produce lasting, sometimes curative responses that chemotherapy rarely does, but most patients do not respond and autoimmune side effects are the cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkpoint-inhibitor.md - Immune-stimulating antibody conjugate (ISAC) (technology): An immune-stimulating antibody conjugate (ISAC) is an ADC whose payload wakes up the immune system inside the tumour rather than poisoning the cell. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immune-stimulating-adc.md - Immuno-PET (technology): PET scans built from radiolabelled antibodies or their fragments, to see any protein an antibody can reach, including immune cells inside tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immuno-pet.md - Immunocytokines (antibody-cytokine fusions) (technology): Cytokines such as interleukin-2 or TNF fused to an antibody that homes to the tumour, aiming to concentrate the immune boost where it is needed and spare the rest of the body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunocytokines.md - Immunonutrition before cancer surgery (technology): Drinks enriched with arginine, omega-3 fats and nucleotides for a week before a big operation seem to reduce infections afterwards, though the trials are old and mostly industry-funded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunonutrition-perioperative.md - IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam) (technology): IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imrt-igrt.md - In situ vaccination (technology): Treating one tumour so aggressively that the immune system learns to attack every other one, using the tumour itself as the vaccine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/in-situ-vaccination.md - In vivo base and prime editing for cancer (technology): In vivo base and prime editing would rewrite a cancer's DNA letter by letter inside the body. It works in the liver for inherited disease; nobody has yet corrected a cancer this way in a person. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/in-vivo-gene-editing-cancer.md - In vivo CAR-T (technology): Instead of engineering T cells in a factory, an injection reprograms them inside the patient's body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/in-vivo-car-t.md - Infusion pumps, ports, and ambulatory chemotherapy devices (technology): Infusion devices are the implanted ports, smart pumps, and take-home pumps that deliver chemotherapy safely, including 46-hour infusions patients carry home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/infusion-devices-vascular-access.md - Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) (technology): Giving a single large dose of radiation directly to the tumour bed during surgery, with normal organs moved out of the way; used mainly in breast cancer as an alternative to weeks of external radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intraoperative-radiotherapy.md - Intratumoural gene electrotransfer (IL-12 plasmid) (technology): Intratumoural gene electrotransfer injects a plasmid carrying the interleukin-12 gene into a tumour and pushes it into cells with electric pulses, so this T-cell-activating cytokine is made locally instead of at the toxic doses intravenous IL-12 needed. It produced responses with pembrolizumab in anti-PD-1-resistant melanoma, but the sponsor's programmes have stalled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/il12-electroporation.md - Intravesical therapy (BCG, chemotherapy, devices, gene and viral therapy) (technology): Treating early bladder cancer by putting the drug straight into the bladder through a catheter, so the whole body is spared. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcg-and-intravesical-therapy.md - Irreversible electroporation (NanoKnife) (technology): Irreversible electroporation uses short high-voltage pulses that punch permanent holes in tumour cells while sparing nearby vessels and ducts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/irreversible-electroporation.md - Isolated limb perfusion and infusion (technology): Isolating the blood supply of an arm or leg so that chemotherapy doses 15-20 times higher than the body could tolerate can be circulated through it, to save limbs with melanoma or sarcoma that would otherwise be amputated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isolated-limb-perfusion.md - KAT6 inhibitors (technology): First-in-class drugs against the histone acetyltransferases KAT6A and KAT6B, in late trials for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer that has stopped responding to endocrine therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kat6-inhibitors.md - Ketogenic diets in glioblastoma (technology): A ketogenic diet restricts carbohydrate so the body runs on ketones, on the theory that glioblastoma cells depend on glucose while neurons can burn ketones. Small trials show it is safe and achievable for three to six months with supervision, but none has shown a benefit against the tumour, and adherence beyond three months is poor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ketogenic-diet-glioblastoma.md - KRAS & RAS inhibitors (technology): Drugs against the most common cancer gene, considered impossible to target until sotorasib in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kras-inhibitors.md - Laetrile (amygdalin, 'vitamin B17') (technology): Laetrile, sold as vitamin B17 or apricot kernel extract, was tested in a large National Cancer Institute study in the 1980s and did nothing against cancer. It releases cyanide in the gut, and people have been poisoned by it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laetrile-amygdalin.md - LAG-3 blockade (technology): Antibodies against LAG-3, another brake on tired T cells; relatlimab plus nivolumab became the first approved LAG-3 combination for melanoma in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lag3-blockade.md - Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) (technology): Laser interstitial thermal therapy guides a laser fibre through a small skull hole, monitored by real-time MRI, to heat and destroy deep brain tumours a surgeon could not safely reach. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/litt.md - Lattice and GRID radiotherapy (technology): Lattice radiotherapy deliberately treats a bulky tumour unevenly, placing peaks of tumour-destroying dose at spaced points inside it while the tissue between receives far less, relying on bystander and immune effects to extend the kill. It runs on standard linear accelerators, but evidence is mostly palliative and single-arm, and the mechanism is unsettled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lattice-radiotherapy.md - Limb-salvage surgery and endoprosthetic reconstruction (technology): Removing a bone or soft-tissue sarcoma while keeping the arm or leg, rebuilding with metal implants, bone grafts or growing prostheses in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/limb-salvage-surgery.md - Liquid biopsy (ctDNA) (technology): A blood test that reads fragments of DNA shed by the tumour, so you can genotype or monitor cancer without a needle in the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/liquid-biopsy.md - Liver transplantation for cancer (Milan criteria and beyond) (technology): Replacing the whole diseased liver cures both the cancer and the cirrhosis underneath it, for patients whose tumours are small enough. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/liver-transplant-oncology.md - Logic-gated therapeutics (AND, NOT gates) (technology): Cells or drugs that fire only when two conditions are true at once, so healthy tissue expressing just one of them is spared. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/logic-gated-therapeutics.md - Long-read sequencing (PacBio, Oxford Nanopore) (technology): Long-read sequencing (PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore) reads single DNA molecules in stretches of thousands of bases, so rearrangements, repeat expansions, gene fusions and methylation appear in one run where short-read machines miss them. Nanopore can classify a brain tumour during surgery in under an hour; throughput per dollar still trails the largest short-read instruments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/long-read-sequencing.md - Low-dose CT lung screening (technology): A yearly low-radiation CT scan for current and former heavy smokers that finds lung cancer early enough to cure it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/low-dose-ct-screening.md - LSD1 inhibitors (technology): Drugs against the histone demethylase LSD1, which keeps blood and neuroendocrine cancer cells from maturing; being tested in myelofibrosis, leukaemia and small cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lsd1-inhibitors.md - Lutetium-177 radioligand therapy (technology): Cancer-seeking molecules carrying the radioactive metal lutetium-177, which delivers short-range radiation to tumours it binds; approved for neuroendocrine tumours and prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lu177-radioligand-therapy.md - Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (technology): Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia injects iron-oxide nanoparticles into a tumour and heats them from outside with an alternating magnetic field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/magnetic-nanoparticle-hyperthermia.md - Mammography & tomosynthesis (technology): Low-dose breast X-ray used for screening. Newer 3D versions find more cancers with fewer false alarms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mammography.md - Masked / conditionally active ADC (technology): An ADC wearing a mask that only comes off inside the tumour, so it ignores the same protein on healthy tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/masked-adc.md - Massage therapy in cancer care (technology): Gentle massage by a trained oncology massage therapist gives short-term relief of pain, anxiety and mood in people with advanced cancer, shown in a randomised trial of 380 patients. It is safe when pressure is adapted around tumours, bone metastases, ports and low platelet counts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/massage-therapy-cancer.md - MDM2 inhibitors (technology): Drugs that stop MDM2 destroying p53, reawakening the cell's guardian protein in tumours where p53 is intact but suppressed, such as some sarcomas and leukaemias. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mdm2-inhibitors.md - Med-Gemini and MedLM (Google) (technology): Google's medical versions of its Gemini models, able to reason over text, images, and long records. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/med-gemini.md - Medical cyclotrons, hot cells, and synthesis modules (technology): The particle accelerators and shielded robotic chemistry boxes that make PET tracers in hospital basements and commercial pharmacies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medical-cyclotrons-synthesis-modules.md - Medicinal mushrooms: reishi, turkey tail, shiitake and others (technology): Reishi, turkey tail, shiitake, maitake and cordyceps extracts are rich in beta-glucans that stimulate natural killer cells in the laboratory and are sold as supplements to people with cancer. A 2016 Cochrane review found five small, poor-quality reishi trials and no evidence it treats cancer; the other species lack randomised efficacy trials, and rare liver toxicity is reported. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medicinal-mushrooms-reishi-turkey-tail.md - Mediterranean and plant-forward dietary patterns (technology): Diets built around vegetables, wholegrains, legumes, nuts, fish and olive oil, with little red or processed meat, are linked with lower cancer risk and better survival after diagnosis. The evidence is strong for the pattern, weak for any single food. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mediterranean-plant-forward-diet.md - MedSAM / SAM-Med3D (segment anything for medicine) (technology): Adaptations of Meta's Segment Anything model that outline tumours and organs on any scan with a click. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medsam.md - Melatonin as a cancer adjunct (technology): Melatonin helps some people sleep and is safe at usual doses, but the claim that high-dose melatonin improves survival rests on a series of small unblinded trials from one group that has never been reproduced elsewhere. It is not a cancer treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/melatonin-cancer.md - Menin inhibitors (technology): Pills that break the interaction between menin and the KMT2A protein that acute leukaemias with KMT2A rearrangements or NPM1 mutations depend on; revumenib was the first approved, in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/menin-inhibitors.md - Merlin (Stanford abdominal CT vision-language model) (technology): Merlin is a model trained on 15,000 CT scans with their reports that can find and describe hundreds of findings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/merlin-ct.md - Metabolic therapy: starving the tumour of a nutrient (technology): Removing an amino acid or nutrient that certain tumours cannot make for themselves, while normal cells can. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metabolic-therapy.md - Methylation classifier for brain tumours (technology): A test that reads the methylation pattern of a brain tumour's DNA and matches it to a reference library, giving a more reliable diagnosis than the microscope alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cns-tumour-methylation-classifier.md - MIBG imaging and 131I-MIBG therapy (technology): A noradrenaline look-alike that neuroblastoma cells swallow: labelled with a small amount of radioactivity it shows the tumour on a scan; with a large amount it treats it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mibg-theranostics.md - Microbiome modulation to unlock immunotherapy (technology): Changing the gut bacteria of a patient whose immunotherapy stopped working, in the hope of restarting the response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/microbiome-modulation-io.md - Midnight (kaiko.ai) (technology): Midnight is a pathology model that matched the leaders while training on far fewer slides. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kaiko-midnight.md - Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive therapy (technology): Structured eight-week mindfulness courses reduce anxiety and low mood during and after cancer treatment, with dozens of randomised trials behind them. Guidelines from ASCO and the Society for Integrative Oncology recommend them as a first option alongside, not instead of, psychological care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mindfulness-based-interventions.md - Minoxidil for persistent chemotherapy- and endocrine-therapy hair loss (technology): Most hair grows back after chemotherapy, but a minority, especially after docetaxel, are left with thin hair, and tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors cause gradual thinning. Minoxidil lotion or low-dose tablets, the same treatment used for pattern hair loss, improved regrowth in most patients in dermatology series and shortened regrowth time in an early randomised trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/minoxidil-chemotherapy-alopecia.md - Mirai (MIT breast cancer risk from mammograms) (technology): Reads a mammogram to estimate five-year breast cancer risk, consistently across races and devices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mirai.md - Mistletoe extracts (Iscador, Helixor) (technology): Injectable mistletoe extracts are the most prescribed complementary cancer treatment in German-speaking Europe. Decades of studies have not shown that they lengthen life; some suggest better quality of life during chemotherapy, but the trials are weak and the largest well-run ones were negative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mistletoe-extracts.md - Molecular glue discovery platforms (technology): Molecular glues are small molecules that stick two proteins together so the cell destroys one of them. They are smaller and more drug-like than bifunctional degraders. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-glue-platforms.md - Monoclonal antibodies (technology): Lab-made immune proteins that lock onto one target, either blocking it or flagging the cell for destruction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monoclonal-antibody.md - MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy (technology): An MR-linac is a radiation machine with an MRI scanner built in, so images taken during setup let the plan be re-optimised in minutes to that day's anatomy. It allows tighter margins and higher doses in pancreatic and prostate cancer, but treatment is slow and costly, and whether daily adaptation improves cure rates rather than only toxicity is unproven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mr-linac.md - MRD / molecular residual disease testing (technology): An ultra-sensitive blood test after surgery that detects leftover cancer months before a scan would. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrd-testing.md - MRI (technology): MRI uses a strong magnet and radio waves, with no ionising radiation, to picture soft tissue in finer contrast than CT, so it is the standard scan for brain tumours, prostate, rectal cancer staging, liver lesions and breast screening in high-risk women. It is slow, expensive and blurred by movement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mri.md - MSI and mismatch-repair testing (technology): Tests that show whether a tumour has lost its DNA spell-checker; if so, immunotherapy works unusually well and an inherited syndrome may be present. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/msi-mmr-testing.md - Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) (technology): A single blood test intended to screen for dozens of cancers at once, including ones with no screening today. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mced.md - Multidisciplinary tumour boards (technology): Multidisciplinary tumour boards are regular meetings where surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and pathologists review each patient's case with the full dataset and agree a plan before treatment starts. They are mandatory in the UK and for accreditation in the US, Europe and Germany, and change the diagnosis or plan in 10 to 30% of cases, though randomised evidence is lacking. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/multidisciplinary-tumour-board.md - Multiparameter flow cytometry MRD (technology): Flow cytometry MRD counts leukaemia cells in the bone marrow one at a time by their surface proteins, down to one in ten thousand. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flow-cytometry-mrd.md - Multiparametric prostate MRI (PI-RADS) (technology): Multiparametric prostate MRI combines three scan sequences, scored 1 to 5 under PI-RADS, and is done before a first biopsy in men with a raised PSA. Needles go to suspicious areas and men with a negative scan can often avoid biopsy altogether, but about one in ten clinically significant cancers is missed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mp-mri.md - Multiplex immunofluorescence (technology): Staining one tumour slide for several proteins in different colours, then using software to count immune and cancer cells and measure how close they are. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/multiplex-immunofluorescence.md - Music therapy and music medicine (technology): Listening to music, or working with a trained music therapist, reduces anxiety, pain and fatigue during cancer treatment in a Cochrane review of more than 80 trials. The effects are real but modest, and the evidence is of low to moderate certainty because blinding is impossible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/music-therapy-cancer.md - MUSK (Stanford, vision-language pathology) (technology): A model that reads slides and clinical text together to predict who will respond to immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/musk.md - N-of-1 and rapid platform trials (technology): Building a trial around one patient, or letting one trial swap drugs in and out as evidence accumulates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/n-of-1-platforms.md - New short-read sequencing platforms (technology): New short-read sequencing platforms from Ultima Genomics, Element Biosciences, Roche and MGI compete with Illumina by cutting the cost per gigabase, with Ultima claiming a genome under 100 dollars. Cheaper reads make whole-genome tumour-normal sequencing and deep ctDNA testing affordable in principle, but clinical assays must be revalidated and Illumina's installed base still dominates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/next-gen-short-read-platforms.md - NGS-based MRD (clonoSEQ and molecular MRD) (technology): Sequencing the unique genetic barcode of a patient's leukaemia to find one cancer cell in a million. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ngs-mrd-clonoseq.md - NHS Targeted Lung Health Check (lung cancer screening programme) (technology): England's lung screening programme: people aged 55 to 74 who have ever smoked are invited for a risk assessment and, if high risk, a low-dose CT scan, often in a mobile unit in a supermarket car park. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nhs-targeted-lung-health-check.md - Nicheformer (spatial single-cell) (technology): Nicheformer is a model trained on both dissociated and spatial data so it learns how a cell's neighbourhood shapes it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicheformer.md - NK cell engagers (technology): Bispecific or trispecific antibodies that hold a natural killer cell against a tumour cell and switch it on, an alternative to T-cell engagers with potentially milder side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nk-cell-engagers.md - NK cell therapy and CAR-NK (technology): Infusions of natural killer cells from donors or cord blood, sometimes fitted with a CAR, offering an off-the-shelf alternative to CAR-T with less cytokine release. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nk-cell-therapy.md - Nuclear medicine and total-body PET hardware (technology): Nuclear medicine hardware means the scanners themselves: PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and new total-body PET that images the whole body at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nuclear-medicine-hardware.md - Nucleotide Transformer (InstaDeep) (technology): DNA language models trained on thousands of genomes for variant and regulatory prediction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nucleotide-transformer.md - Nutrition support and cachexia management (technology): Screening for malnutrition, dietitian-led counselling, supplements and tube or intravenous feeding where indicated, plus treatment of cancer cachexia, the muscle-wasting syndrome that affects up to 80% of advanced patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-nutrition.md - NVIDIA BioNeMo (technology): NVIDIA BioNeMo is a software stack, not a model: GPU-optimised training recipes and inference services on which protein, DNA and single-cell foundation models such as Evo 2, ESM and Geneformer are trained and served. The Arc Institute, Recursion and pharmaceutical companies use it, at the price of being tied to NVIDIA hardware and tooling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bionemo.md - Off-the-shelf cancer vaccines (technology): Off-the-shelf cancer vaccines target antigens shared across patients, such as mutant KRAS or HER2 peptides, so they are made in advance rather than per person. Sipuleucel-T is still the only approved therapeutic cancer vaccine in the US; tolerance to self-antigens and weak past results hold them back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shared-antigen-vaccine.md - Oligonucleotide therapeutics (technology): Oligonucleotide therapeutics are short synthetic strands of genetic code that silence a specific cancer gene. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antisense-sirna.md - Oncofertility and fertility preservation (technology): Protecting the ability to have children before cancer treatment that damages eggs, sperm or the womb: sperm and egg or embryo freezing, ovarian tissue freezing, ovarian shielding and, for some breast cancers, temporary ovarian suppression. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fertility-preservation.md - Oncology EHR and real-world data platforms (technology): Databases built from millions of real patient records, used to see how treatments work outside trials and to run studies without new trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-real-world-data.md - Oncology EHR modules and treatment pathways (technology): The ordering and record systems oncologists use every day, including built-in treatment pathways that steer drug choice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospital-information-systems-oncology.md - Oncology nursing and nurse-led care (technology): Specialist nurses deliver most cancer treatment and much of its safety, education and support; nurse-led clinics, navigation and symptom management improve outcomes and are the backbone of care in low-resource settings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-nursing.md - Oncology nutrition assessment and medical nutrition therapy (technology): Nutrition screening means weighing every patient, asking a few screening questions, and referring those at risk to a dietitian. It is simple, guideline-endorsed, and still not done routinely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nutrition-screening-mnt.md - Oncology pharmacy automation and compounding robots (technology): Robots and closed systems that prepare chemotherapy doses safely, protecting pharmacists from hazardous drugs and patients from errors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pharmacy-automation.md - Oncolytic viruses (technology): Viruses engineered to infect and burst cancer cells while leaving normal cells alone, and to alert the immune system in the process. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncolytic-virus.md - Optical & fluorescence imaging (technology): Dyes that glow under special light, so surgeons can see tumour edges and nerves in the operating theatre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/optical-imaging.md - Oral cancer visual screening (technology): A trained health worker looking inside the mouth with a light can find mouth cancer early; in India this cut deaths by a third among people who use tobacco or alcohol. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oral-visual-screening.md - Oral cryotherapy (ice chips) to prevent mucositis (technology): Sucking ice chips for half an hour around a bolus dose of fluorouracil or high-dose melphalan roughly halves the risk of painful mouth ulcers. It costs nothing and is recommended in international mucositis guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oral-cryotherapy-mucositis.md - Oral SERDs (technology): Oral drugs that destroy the oestrogen receptor rather than just blocking it, working even when the receptor has mutated to escape older hormone therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oral-serds.md - Organoid-guided therapy at scale (technology): Organoid-guided therapy means routinely growing a piece of each patient's tumour and testing drugs on it before choosing, rather than relying on genetics alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/organoid-guided-therapy-scale.md - Palliative radiotherapy (technology): Short courses of radiation, often a single treatment, to relieve pain from bone metastases, stop bleeding, open blocked airways or protect the spinal cord. Among the most cost-effective treatments in cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palliative-radiotherapy.md - PARP inhibitors (technology): Pills that block a DNA repair backup, killing cancer cells that already lost their main repair system (BRCA). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parp-inhibitor.md - PARP PET (technology): A PET tracer that measures how much of the DNA repair enzyme PARP a tumour has, to predict response to PARP inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parp-pet.md - Partial nephrectomy, ablation & active surveillance of small renal masses (technology): Most small kidney tumours found on scans grow slowly. Options range from watching them, to freezing or heating them, to removing just the tumour and keeping the kidney. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/partial-nephrectomy-active-surveillance.md - Pathology & radiology foundation models (technology): Pathology and radiology foundation models are AI networks pretrained without labels on over a million slides or scans (Virchow used 1.5 million), then adapted with small task heads to predict mutations, prognosis or treatment response from routine images. They power the FDA-cleared ArteraAI tools, but validation across hospitals and how regulators treat general-purpose models remain unsettled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pathology-foundation-model.md - Patient-derived organoids (technology): Patient-derived organoids are miniature 3D versions of a patient's tumour grown in the lab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/organoids.md - Patient-derived xenografts (technology): A patient-derived xenograft is a patient's tumour grown in a mouse, used to test drugs before they reach people. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pdx-models.md - Payload-linker synthesis (high-potency API) (technology): Payload-linker synthesis makes the cytotoxic small molecules inside ADCs (exatecan, MMAE, DM1, PBD dimers), whose occupational exposure limits sit in the nanogram range, in facilities built so a speck of dust cannot harm a worker. A handful of licensed sites such as Lonza and WuXi STA supply them, and their lead times gate hundreds of ADCs in development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/high-potency-payload-synthesis.md - PDAC organoid pharmacotyping (technology): Growing a patient's pancreatic tumour as mini-organs in a dish and testing chemotherapies on them to pick the regimen most likely to work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pdac-organoid-pharmacotyping.md - Peer support and support groups (technology): Meeting others in the same situation reduces distress and isolation, and randomised trials of supportive-expressive groups show better mood and pain coping. The once-famous claim that support groups lengthen survival did not hold up in a larger trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peer-support-groups.md - Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) (technology): A radioactive version of the hormone mimic used for the scan; it homes to neuroendocrine tumour cells and irradiates them from inside. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prrt.md - Peptide-drug & small-molecule-drug conjugates (technology): Like an ADC but with a small targeting peptide instead of an antibody, so it penetrates tumours faster and is cheaper to make. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peptide-drug-conjugate.md - Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (chemosaturation) (technology): Isolating the liver's circulation with catheters and balloons so that high-dose melphalan can be pumped through it and filtered out before it reaches the rest of the body; approved in 2023 for eye melanoma that has spread to the liver. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/percutaneous-hepatic-perfusion.md - Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines (technology): A vaccine made for one patient, encoding the unique mutations in their own tumour, to train the immune system to hunt it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neoantigen-mrna-vaccine.md - PET (positron emission tomography) (technology): A scan that shows where a radioactive tracer accumulates, so it images what tumours are doing rather than what they look like. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pet.md - PET tracer manufacturing and distribution (technology): Making PSMA, FDG, and new tracers under drug-manufacturing rules and delivering them daily. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pet-tracer-manufacturing.md - PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy (technology): Scan after two cycles of chemotherapy; if the tumour has gone dark, give less treatment, and if not, give more. Hodgkin lymphoma pioneered this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pet-adapted-therapy.md - PET/CT (technology): PET and CT in one machine, so hot spots on the PET are pinned to exact locations on the CT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pet-ct.md - PET/MRI (technology): PET combined with MRI instead of CT, giving biology plus the best soft-tissue detail, at lower radiation dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pet-mri.md - Pharmacogenomic testing before chemotherapy (technology): Testing a patient's inherited genes before certain chemotherapies to spot people who cannot break the drug down and would suffer severe, sometimes fatal, side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-pharmacogenomics.md - Phenom-2 and Recursion OS (technology): A model trained on billions of cell microscopy images to read what a drug or gene knockout does to a cell. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phenom-2.md - Phikon / Phikon-v2 (Owkin) (technology): Owkin's open pathology models trained on TCGA and its federated hospital network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phikon.md - Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) for oral mucositis (technology): Shining low-power red or near-infrared light on the inside of the mouth before and during treatment prevents severe mouth ulcers in people having head and neck radiotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy for transplant. Mucositis guidelines recommend it, though few centres yet have the equipment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/photobiomodulation-mucositis.md - Photoimmunotherapy & photodynamic therapy (technology): An antibody carries a light-sensitive dye to the tumour; shining near-infrared light then bursts the cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/photoimmunotherapy.md - Photothermal (plasmonic) nanoparticle ablation (technology): Gold nanoshells that accumulate in a tumour and cook it when a near-infrared laser is shone on them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/photothermal-nanoparticles.md - PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors (technology): Drugs against one of the most commonly mutated growth pathways in cancer, now used with hormone therapy in breast cancer and in kidney and neuroendocrine tumours, with high blood sugar as the shared side effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pi3k-akt-mtor-inhibitors.md - Plasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material manufacturing (technology): Plasmid DNA and mRNA raw materials are the DNA templates and enzymes behind viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. They are invisible to patients but decisive for supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/plasmid-dna-manufacturing.md - Platinum agents (technology): Platinum agents such as cisplatin and carboplatin work by crosslinking DNA. They are curative in testicular cancer and central to lung, ovarian, bladder, head and neck, and TNBC treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/platinum.md - PLUTO (PathAI) (technology): PLUTO is PathAI's compact pathology foundation model, a vision transformer pretrained at several magnifications on 195 million tiles from 158,000 slides, so one network serves slide-level and biomarker quantification tasks at whatever resolution each needs. It runs inside PathAI's AISight product, but its weights are proprietary, so outside groups cannot benchmark or adapt it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pluto.md - Point-of-care and decentralised cell manufacturing (technology): Making CAR-T cells at or near the hospital instead of shipping cells to a central factory and back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/point-of-care-cell-manufacturing.md - Polygenic risk scores for cancer (technology): A score built from hundreds of common gene variants that says whether your inherited risk of a cancer is higher or lower than average, now being tested as a way to decide who is screened and how often. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polygenic-risk-scores.md - Pre-analytics: blood-collection tubes and tissue fixation (technology): The tubes and fixatives that keep a sample stable between the patient and the lab. Unglamorous, but they decide whether a liquid biopsy or PD-L1 stain is trustworthy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/preanalytics-sample-stabilisation.md - Prehabilitation before cancer surgery (technology): Prehabilitation is a few weeks of structured exercise, nutrition and psychological preparation between diagnosis and surgery to make patients fitter for the operation and speed recovery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prehabilitation.md - Probiotics for chemotherapy and radiotherapy diarrhoea (technology): Probiotic supplements (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) may reduce diarrhoea during pelvic radiotherapy for cervical, rectal and prostate cancer and some chemotherapy, but a 2018 Cochrane review rated the evidence low certainty and strains differ between trials. Patients in profound neutropenia or with a central line should not take them without advice, because bloodstream infections have occurred. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/probiotics-treatment-diarrhoea.md - Probiotics, antibiotics and stewardship around immunotherapy (technology): Antibiotics in the weeks before immunotherapy are linked with worse outcomes, and shop-bought probiotics may not help and might hurt. Avoiding both where possible is a low-cost precaution. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/probiotics-antibiotic-stewardship-io.md - Programmable DNA-targeting therapeutics (technology): Programmable DNA-targeting therapeutics are an experimental idea: a drug that reads a cell's DNA, recognises a cancer-specific sequence, and kills only cells that carry it. Change the guide, and the same drug becomes a new drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/programmable-dna-targeting-therapeutics.md - Prophylactic cranial irradiation vs MRI surveillance (technology): Small-cell lung cancer spreads to the brain so often that doctors used to irradiate the whole brain pre-emptively. Regular MRI scans are now challenging that practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prophylactic-cranial-irradiation.md - PROTACs & molecular glues (targeted protein degradation) (technology): Instead of blocking a protein, these drugs tag it for the cell's own garbage disposal, removing it entirely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/protac-degrader.md - Proteomics & phosphoproteomics (technology): Measuring the proteins in a tumour, which is what drugs actually hit, rather than the genes that encode them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proteomics.md - Proteomics instruments and affinity platforms (technology): Machines that measure thousands of proteins at once from tissue or blood, used to find drug targets and early-detection markers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proteomics-platforms.md - Proton arc therapy (technology): Rotating the proton beam continuously around the patient instead of firing from a few fixed angles, to spread the entrance dose and sharpen the target dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proton-arc-therapy.md - Proton therapy (technology): Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proton-therapy.md - Prov-GigaPath (Microsoft, Providence) (technology): An open pathology model trained on 1.3 billion image tiles from a US health system, modelling whole slides at gigapixel scale. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prov-gigapath.md - PSA and MRI-first prostate cancer screening (technology): Whether men should be screened for prostate cancer is still debated; the modern approach uses a PSA blood test followed by an MRI scan, which finds the cancers that matter while leaving harmless ones alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prostate-screening-psa-mri.md - PSK (Krestin) mushroom polysaccharide as adjuvant therapy (technology): PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide from the turkey tail mushroom, has been an approved adjuvant cancer drug in Japan since 1977. Meta-analyses of Japanese randomised trials in stomach and bowel cancer found a modest survival benefit added to chemotherapy, but these results have never been tested outside Japan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psk-krestin-adjuvant.md - PSMA PET (technology): A prostate-cancer-specific PET scan that finds spread far earlier than CT or bone scan, and tells you whether a matched radioactive drug will work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psma-pet.md - Psycho-oncology and distress screening (technology): Psycho-oncology recognises and treats the anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence and existential distress that affect a third of people with cancer, using screening, psychotherapy adapted to cancer, and medication. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psycho-oncology.md - Quantum-dot and molecular ultrasound imaging agents (technology): Brighter, longer-lasting fluorescent particles and targeted microbubbles that make tumours visible during surgery or on an ultrasound scan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quantum-dot-imaging.md - RadFM (generalist radiology foundation model) (technology): An open generalist model that answers questions about 2D and 3D scans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radfm.md - Radio-antibody & radio-ADC (technology): Attaching a radioactive atom to an antibody, so an ADC's targeting is used to deliver radiation instead of chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radioimmunotherapy.md - Radiodynamic therapy and radiosensitising nanoparticles (technology): Nanoparticles that turn ordinary radiotherapy X-rays into a much bigger dose exactly where they sit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiodynamic-therapy.md - Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90) (technology): Millions of tiny radioactive glass or resin beads are injected into the liver artery, lodging in the tumour and irradiating it from within. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radioembolisation-tare.md - Radioiodine therapy and whole-body iodine scanning (technology): Using the thyroid's natural appetite for iodine to image and treat thyroid cancer with a radioactive form of it. The oldest theranostic, and now used more selectively than it was. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radioiodine-therapy.md - Radioligand dosimetry (technology): Measuring, from scans taken after each dose, how much radiation a radioligand actually delivers to the tumour and to kidneys and marrow, so treatment can be personalised. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radioligand-dosimetry.md - Radioligand plus DNA-repair inhibitor combinations (technology): Adding a PARP or ATR inhibitor to a radioactive drug so the tumour cannot repair the damage the radiation causes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radionuclide-parp-combination.md - Radioligand therapy (beta emitters) (technology): A drug that finds tumour cells and carries a radioactive atom that irradiates them from inside the body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radioligand-therapy.md - Radiomics (technology): Turning ordinary CT, MRI and PET scans into hundreds of measured features of shape and texture that computers relate to tumour biology and outcome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiomics.md - Radionuclide generators and cold kits (technology): Bench-top devices that 'milk' a short-lived isotope from a long-lived parent, plus vials of ready-to-label ligand. How most hospitals make PSMA and somatostatin PET tracers without a cyclotron. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radionuclide-generators-kits.md - Radiopharmacy and cyclotron networks (technology): The factories and courier routes that make and deliver short-lived radioactive tracers to hospitals within hours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiopharmacy-network.md - Radiotherapy treatment planning and QA software (technology): The software that calculates exactly how radiation beams should be shaped and checks the machine delivered it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/treatment-planning-systems.md - Red and processed meat reduction (technology): Processed meat (bacon, ham, sausages) is classed by IARC as a definite cause of bowel cancer and red meat as a probable one, with about 18% higher risk per 50 g of processed meat a day. One person's extra lifetime risk is a few percentage points, but 5 to 10% of bowel cancers in high-income countries are attributed to it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/red-processed-meat-reduction.md - Reference laboratories and companion-diagnostic testing (technology): The big labs that run most biomarker tests, and the reagent makers whose stains decide who gets a drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reference-laboratories.md - Reflexology (technology): Reflexology is foot massage guided by a map of the body that has no anatomical basis. Small trials report short-lived relaxation and pain relief similar to any gentle foot massage; guidelines list it as an option for pain only with low confidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reflexology-cancer.md - Reiki, healing touch and other energy therapies (technology): Reiki and similar practices involve a practitioner holding hands on or near the body to channel an 'energy' that has never been detected. Trials show relaxation similar to sham sessions; they are harmless as rest, but they treat nothing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reiki-energy-therapies.md - Relaxation training and guided imagery (technology): Progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises and guided imagery are simple techniques that reduce anxiety and treatment-related distress during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Guidelines say they may be offered, and audio versions cost nothing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relaxation-guided-imagery.md - Resistance training and protein for cachexia and sarcopenia (technology): Lifting weights and eating enough protein is the only treatment shown to build muscle in people with cancer wasting, but most are too unwell to do it alone and the trials are small. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resistance-training-cachexia.md - RFdiffusion / RFdiffusion2 and ProteinMPNN (Baker Lab) (technology): The tools that design entirely new proteins to bind a chosen target, now used for cancer binders and antibodies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rfdiffusion.md - Risk-reducing and opportunistic salpingectomy (technology): Removing the fallopian tubes, where most ovarian cancer starts, during other pelvic surgery or in women at inherited risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/risk-reducing-salpingectomy.md - RNA sequencing & expression profiling (technology): Measuring which genes a tumour is actively using, which reveals its subtype and finds gene fusions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rna-seq.md - Robotic & minimally invasive surgery (technology): Surgeons operate through small incisions using robotic arms with tremor-free precision and 3D vision. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robotic-surgery.md - Robotic and navigational bronchoscopy (technology): A robot-guided flexible scope that reaches small lung nodules through the airways to biopsy them without a needle through the chest wall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robotic-bronchoscopy.md - SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy) (technology): Stereotactic body radiotherapy converges multiple beams with sub-millimetre accuracy to deliver tumour-destroying doses in one to five outpatient sessions, doing the job of surgery for inoperable early lung cancer and for metastases in liver, spine and brain. Tumour size and location limit its use, and late toxicity is a concern near the central airways. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sbrt.md - Scalp cooling (cold caps: DigniCap, Paxman) (technology): A tightly fitted cap chilled to a few degrees above freezing, worn before, during and after each chemotherapy infusion, narrows the blood vessels of the scalp so less drug reaches the hair roots. In a randomised trial about half of women on taxane-based chemotherapy kept most of their hair, compared with none who went without. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scalp-cooling.md - scFoundation (BioMap) (technology): scFoundation is a 100-million-parameter model trained on 50 million cells, from China's BioMap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scfoundation.md - scGPT (technology): A GPT-style model for single-cell data that predicts cell types, perturbation responses, and gene networks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scgpt.md - Self-amplifying and circular RNA therapeutics (technology): RNA drugs that copy themselves inside the cell, or are made as a loop so they last longer. Both aim to get more protein from a smaller dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/self-amplifying-rna.md - Senolytics and senescence-directed therapy (technology): Chemotherapy leaves behind zombie cells that will not divide but poison their neighbours. Senolytics aim to clear them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/senescence-targeting.md - Sentinel lymph node biopsy (technology): Removing just the first lymph node a tumour drains to, instead of all of them, to check for spread. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sentinel-node.md - Shark cartilage (AE-941, Neovastat) (technology): The idea that sharks do not get cancer (they do) launched a supplement industry. Two randomised trials, including a large phase 3 in lung cancer, found that shark cartilage extract does nothing for survival, and the trade contributed to shark population declines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shark-cartilage.md - Single-cell & spatial profiling (technology): Reading the genes of each individual cell, and mapping where each cell sits in the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/single-cell-spatial.md - Site-specific conjugation & linker chemistry (technology): Site-specific conjugation and linker chemistry decide exactly where and how many payloads attach to the antibody, which determines how safe and effective an ADC is. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/site-specific-conjugation.md - Skin cancer screening (visual skin examination) (technology): Checking the whole skin for suspicious moles finds melanomas earlier, but no trial has yet shown that screening everyone saves lives, so most countries target people at high risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/skin-cancer-screening.md - Sleep and circadian interventions in cancer (technology): Half of people with cancer sleep badly, so sleep and body-clock interventions matter. Talking therapy for insomnia works well and is under-used; whether fixing sleep or body-clock disruption changes the cancer itself is unproven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sleep-circadian-interventions.md - Small-molecule kinase inhibitors (technology): Pills that block the specific enzyme a cancer relies on. Imatinib in 2001 proved a cancer could be switched off by design. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kinase-inhibitors.md - Smoking cessation in cancer patients (technology): Stopping smoking after a cancer diagnosis improves survival, reduces treatment complications and second cancers, and is the single most effective supportive intervention that oncology services still routinely fail to deliver. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/smoking-cessation-after-diagnosis.md - Somatostatin receptor PET (68Ga/64Cu-DOTATATE) (technology): A PET scan using a radioactive hormone mimic that lights up neuroendocrine tumours and shows whether the matching radioactive treatment will work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sstr-pet.md - Sonodynamic therapy (technology): A drug that does nothing until ultrasound hits it, then kills the cells that took it up. Being tested in brain tumours because sound reaches where light cannot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sonodynamic-therapy.md - Soy foods and breast cancer (technology): For years women with breast cancer were told to avoid soy because it contains plant oestrogens. Large studies show moderate soy food intake is safe and may slightly reduce recurrence, including on tamoxifen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/soy-breast-cancer.md - Spatial biology instruments (technology): Spatial biology instruments are machines that map which genes and proteins are active in each part of a tumour slice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spatial-biology-instruments.md - Spatial transcriptomics (technology): Methods that read which genes are switched on in each spot or cell of a tumour slice while keeping the tissue's geography, so scientists can see how cancer, immune and stromal cells sit next to one another. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spatial-transcriptomics.md - Spatial-omics-guided treatment selection (technology): Choosing treatment from a map of where each cell type sits in the tumour, not just from a list of its mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spatial-omics-guided-therapy.md - SPECT & bone scan (technology): SPECT and the bone scan are an older type of nuclear scan, still used for bone metastases and to check where a radioactive drug went after treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spect.md - St John's wort: an interaction to avoid (technology): St John's wort is a herbal antidepressant whose active ingredient hyperforin switches on the liver enzyme CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein pump, cutting blood levels of irinotecan's active metabolite by 42% and imatinib by about a third. It is contraindicated with most tyrosine kinase, CDK4/6 and PARP inhibitors, and its effect lasts two weeks after stopping. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/st-johns-wort-interaction.md - State (Arc Institute perturbation model) (technology): Predicts how cells will respond to a drug or gene knockout, trained on over 100 million perturbed cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/state-arc.md - Sterile fill-finish and lyophilisation (technology): Sterile fill-finish is putting the finished drug into vials under sterile conditions. It is a frequent cause of shortages when capacity is tight. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sterile-fill-finish.md - STING & innate immune agonists (technology): Drugs that trigger the cell's built-in 'virus alarm' inside tumours to summon immune cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sting-agonist.md - Structural biology infrastructure (cryo-EM, synchrotrons, AlphaFold) (technology): Structural biology infrastructure is the microscopes, X-ray sources, and prediction models that show what a cancer protein looks like so chemists can design a drug to fit it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/structural-biology-infrastructure.md - Structured exercise programmes after curative treatment (technology): A supervised, coached exercise programme for three years after bowel cancer treatment cut recurrence and death in a large randomised trial. It is the first lifestyle intervention proven to work like an adjuvant drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/structured-exercise-survivorship.md - Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance (technology): Organised follow-up for the 18 million US and 50+ million global cancer survivors: watching for recurrence and second cancers, managing long-term side effects such as heart damage, infertility, neuropathy and fatigue, and helping people return to work and life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/survivorship-care-plan.md - Sybil (MIT/MGH lung cancer risk from CT) (technology): Predicts a person's six-year lung cancer risk from one low-dose CT, even when no nodule is visible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sybil.md - Synthetic lethality approaches (technology): Finding a second gene that a cancer needs only because its first gene is broken, then hitting the second one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/synthetic-lethality-approaches.md - Systematic drug repurposing (technology): Testing cheap old drugs, aspirin, metformin, statins, beta-blockers, as cancer treatments, because they are safe, available and sometimes work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drug-repurposing.md - T-cell engagers (bispecific) (technology): An off-the-shelf drug that physically links a killer T cell to a cancer cell, forcing the attack. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/t-cell-engager.md - Tai chi and qigong (technology): Slow, low-impact movement practices from Chinese tradition improve fatigue, sleep and balance in people with cancer. Randomised trials are moderately sized and positive, and the 2024 fatigue guideline recommends them during treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tai-chi-qigong.md - Tandem autologous transplant (technology): Tandem transplant gives two back-to-back rounds of marrow-destroying chemotherapy, each rescued with the child's own stored stem cells, for high-risk neuroblastoma in North America. It kept more children relapse-free than one transplant in a randomised trial, but adds organ toxicity and hearing loss. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tandem-transplant.md - Targeted alpha therapy (technology): Like radioligand therapy but with alpha particles: far more destructive over a much shorter range, so single cells can be killed with less collateral damage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/targeted-alpha-therapy.md - Targeting the tumour's own microbes (technology): Some tumours contain bacteria and fungi that shelter cancer cells and break down chemotherapy. Killing them may make treatment work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-microbiome-targeting.md - Targeting tumour mechanics and pressure (technology): Stiff, high-pressure tumours squeeze their own blood vessels shut, keeping drugs out. Softening them is a way in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mechanobiology-therapy.md - TCR-T cell therapy (technology): T cells engineered with a receptor that sees fragments of proteins inside the cancer cell, reaching targets CAR-T cannot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tcr-t.md - Telehealth and hospital-at-home in oncology (technology): Video visits, remote monitoring and home delivery of some cancer treatments expanded massively during COVID-19 and have stayed; they reduce travel burden, especially for rural patients, without evidence of worse outcomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telehealth-oncology.md - Telemedicine, teleoncology, and telepathology (technology): Video visits, remote second opinions, and slides reviewed from afar, which let rural and low-resource patients reach specialists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telemedicine-teleoncology.md - Tempus multimodal models (technology): Models trained on Tempus's paired genomic, pathology, imaging and outcome data to predict response and prognosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tempus-multimodal.md - Therapeutic isotope supply chain (Mo-99, Lu-177, Ac-225) (technology): Where the radioactive atoms for imaging and therapy actually come from: ageing reactors, new accelerators, and a scramble for actinium. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/therapy-isotope-supply-chain.md - Thermal ablation (RFA, microwave, cryo) (technology): Thermal ablation kills a tumour with heat or cold delivered through a needle, with no incision required. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thermal-ablation.md - Thermal ablation and cryotherapy for cervical precancer (technology): Destroying precancerous cervical cells with a heated or frozen probe in under a minute, the tool that makes screen-and-treat possible where there are no surgeons. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/precancer-ablation.md - Thyroid nodule FNA, Bethesda cytology & molecular classifiers (technology): Thyroid fine-needle aspiration takes a needle sample from a thyroid lump and grades it on a six-level scale; when the result is uncertain, a gene test on the same sample can often rule cancer out and avoid surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thyroid-fna-molecular.md - TIGIT blockade (technology): Antibodies against TIGIT, a brake on T cells and natural killer cells, tested alongside PD-L1 drugs; the biggest lung cancer trials so far have failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tigit-blockade.md - TIL therapy (technology): Immune cells that have already found their way into the tumour are harvested, grown to billions, and returned. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/til-therapy.md - TIM-3 blockade (technology): Antibodies against TIM-3, a checkpoint on exhausted T cells and myeloid cells, tested mostly with PD-1 drugs and in blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tim3-blockade.md - Time-restricted eating in cancer prevention and survivorship (technology): Time-restricted eating means eating within a window of 8-12 hours a day and fasting overnight. It improves blood sugar and weight a little; whether it changes cancer risk or recurrence is unknown. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/time-restricted-eating.md - TITAN (whole-slide multimodal model) (technology): TITAN is a model that summarises a whole slide, not just tiles, and can write a draft pathology report. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/titan.md - Topoisomerase-I inhibitors (and ADC payloads) (technology): Topoisomerase-I inhibitors jam the enzyme that untangles DNA during copying, causing double-strand breaks. As free drugs (irinotecan, topotecan) they are modest, but their analogues SN-38 and deruxtecan are the dominant antibody-drug conjugate payload class of the 2020s, active after taxane failure; cross-resistance between these ADCs is a growing problem. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/topoisomerase-inhibitors.md - Total-body PET for screening and ultra-low-dose imaging (technology): Scanners sensitive enough to image the whole body in seconds at a fraction of the radiation dose, which raises the question of whether healthy people should be scanned at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/total-body-pet-screening.md - Traditional Chinese herbal medicine alongside treatment (technology): Traditional Chinese herbal medicine prescribes individualised multi-herb decoctions, taken by most cancer patients in China to reduce chemotherapy side effects. Cochrane reviews found the hundreds of trials small, unblinded and poorly reported, so whether they help is unknown, and some herbs damage the liver or interact with tyrosine kinase inhibitors through CYP3A4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/traditional-chinese-herbal-medicine.md - Trained innate immunity (technology): Giving the innate immune system a memory, so monocytes and NK cells respond harder the next time they meet a tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trained-innate-immunity.md - Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) (technology): A catheter threaded into the artery feeding a liver tumour delivers chemotherapy and then blocks the vessel, starving the tumour from inside. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tace.md - TranscriptFormer and rBio (CZI virtual cell models) (technology): CZI's open cross-species cell models and a reasoning model trained on them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transcriptformer.md - Transfusion support and anaemia management (technology): Red cell and platelet transfusions, iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents keep patients safe through chemotherapy and marrow failure; restrictive thresholds and ESA caution reflect trials showing more is not better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transfusion-support.md - Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) (technology): Transoral robotic surgery removes early (T1 to T2) throat tumours through the mouth with a robot and 3D endoscope, avoiding splitting the jaw or a tracheostomy. In HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer the pathology then guides how much radiation to add, but randomised trials found it no better than radiation for swallowing, and surgeon volume matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tors.md - Trispecific antibodies (technology): Antibodies engineered to bind three things at once, for example a tumour antigen, a T-cell activator and a co-stimulatory signal, to make a stronger or more selective immune attack. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trispecific-antibodies.md - TROP2 PET (technology): An experimental PET scan that shows whether a tumour carries the TROP2 protein, so doctors could pick the right ADC before giving it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trop2-pet.md - Tumour clonal evolution tracking (technology): Sequencing several parts of a tumour, or blood over time, to draw its family tree of mutations and see which branches drive relapse and resistance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clonal-evolution-tracking.md - Tumour mutational burden testing (technology): Counting how many mutations a tumour carries per stretch of DNA; heavily mutated tumours are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tmb-testing.md - Tumour treating fields (TTFields) (technology): Wearable electrodes that deliver alternating electric fields disrupting cancer cell division. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ttfields.md - Tumour-on-a-chip (technology): Small microfluidic devices that grow tumour cells with blood-vessel-like channels and immune cells, letting researchers watch drugs act in a more life-like setting than a dish. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-on-chip.md - Ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened drinks (technology): Diets high in industrially processed foods and sugary drinks are linked with more cancer, mainly through obesity but perhaps also through additives and packaging chemicals. Sugar itself does not 'feed' a tumour in the way social media claims. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ultra-processed-food-ssb.md - Ultrasound (technology): Ultrasound uses sound waves to make live pictures; it is cheap, safe, and used to guide needles into lumps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ultrasound.md - UNI and CONCH (Harvard, Mahmood Lab) (technology): Two open academic pathology models: UNI reads tissue images, CONCH links images with pathology text. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uni-conch.md - Universal Cell Embedding (UCE) (technology): Universal Cell Embedding maps any cell from any species into one shared space without retraining. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/universal-cell-embedding.md - Very-high-energy electron therapy (technology): VHEE radiotherapy fires electrons at 100 to 250 MeV, energies that reach deep tumours and can be steered by magnets, aiming to deliver FLASH-speed radiation from a machine smaller and cheaper than a proton facility. It is still at the accelerator-development and preclinical stage: no patient had been treated by September 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vhee-radiotherapy.md - Viral vector manufacturing (lentiviral, retroviral, AAV) (technology): Producing the engineered viruses that carry a CAR gene into T cells. Viral vector manufacturing is a long-standing bottleneck for cell and gene therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/viral-vector-manufacturing.md - Virchow / Virchow2 (Paige, MSK) (technology): A pathology foundation model trained on millions of slides that can detect cancer and predict biomarkers from an ordinary H&E slide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/virchow.md - Virus-specific T cells (technology): Off-the-shelf T cells from healthy donors that recognise Epstein-Barr virus, used to treat virus-driven lymphomas after transplant; tabelecleucel was approved in Europe in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/virus-specific-t-cells.md - Vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation (technology): The largest trial of vitamin D and fish-oil pills found they did not prevent cancer. A possible reduction in cancer deaths, and hints of benefit after a digestive cancer diagnosis, keep the question alive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vitamin-d-omega3-supplementation.md - Whole-body MRI (technology): Whole-body MRI is an MRI of the entire body without radiation, used to find spread in myeloma and to screen people with high inherited cancer risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/whole-body-mri.md - Whole-exome & whole-genome sequencing (technology): Reading all the genes (exome) or the entire DNA (genome) of a tumour, rather than a chosen panel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wes-wgs.md - Whole-slide scanners and image management (technology): The scanners that turn glass slides into gigapixel images, and the software that stores and serves them, without which pathology AI cannot run. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/whole-slide-scanners.md - Wigs, cranial prostheses and head coverings (technology): A wig, scarf or cap restores privacy and confidence during hair loss. In the UK wigs come on NHS prescription, free in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and in England for children, students under 19 and people on qualifying benefits; in the US a prescription for a 'cranial prosthesis' lets some insurers reimburse one, and charities give wigs free. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wigs-cranial-prosthesis.md - Yoga during and after cancer treatment (technology): Yoga combining postures, breathing and relaxation reduces fatigue, anxiety and low mood and improves sleep and quality of life, on the evidence of a Cochrane review of 24 randomised trials in women with breast cancer. SIO-ASCO guidelines recommend it for fatigue and anxiety during treatment; it does not replace aerobic and resistance exercise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yoga-cancer.md ## Targets (162) The molecules drugs and tracers aim at. - 5-alpha-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) (target): 5-alpha-reductase turns testosterone into the more potent dihydrotestosterone inside the prostate; finasteride and dutasteride block it, and two large trials showed they cut prostate cancer diagnoses by about a quarter while raising concern about high-grade tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/srd5a2.md - 5-HT3 receptor (HTR3A) (target): The serotonin receptor on the gut's vagus nerve endings and in the brainstem vomiting centre that chemotherapy triggers. Ondansetron and palonosetron block it, the foundation of modern anti-sickness treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/htr3a.md - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) (target): Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme that breaks down adenosine and deoxyadenosine; blocking it with pentostatin poisons lymphocytes, which is why the drug works in hairy cell leukaemia and some T-cell cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ada.md - AKT (target): AKT is a central survival kinase downstream of PI3K, blocked by capivasertib in breast and now prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/akt.md - ALK (target): ALK is a gene fusion driver in about 4 to 5% of non-small-cell lung cancers that responds to a succession of ALK inhibitor pills. Lorlatinib kept about 60% of patients progression-free at five years, alectinib is approved after surgery, and neladalkib targets compound resistance mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alk.md - Androgen receptor (target): The hormone switch that drives prostate cancer, attacked by castration and by pills that block the receptor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/androgen-receptor.md - Aromatase (CYP19A1) (target): The enzyme that turns androgens into oestrogen in fat, muscle and breast tissue after the menopause. Aromatase inhibitors remove the oestrogen that drives most breast cancers in post-menopausal women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aromatase.md - ATR (target): ATR is a DNA-damage alarm kinase. Blocking it makes tumours with broken repair systems collapse under their own replication stress. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atr.md - AXL (target): A receptor that helps cancer cells survive stress, resist treatment and spread. Cabozantinib is among the multi-kinase drugs that block it, and dedicated AXL inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates are in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/axl.md - B7-H3 (target): B7-H3 is an immune checkpoint-like surface protein found on 60 to 70% of small-cell lung cancers and 80 to 90% of castration-resistant prostate cancers, with little on normal tissue. It is used as an ADC address, chiefly by ifinatamab deruxtecan, now in phase 3 in small-cell lung cancer; whether blocking its immune-dampening role adds anything beyond payload delivery is unresolved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b7h3.md - BCL-2 (target): A protein that stops cells from self-destructing. Venetoclax removes that protection and has transformed leukaemia treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcl2.md - BCMA (target): BCMA is a survival receptor on plasma cells, and the target that made CAR-T and bispecifics work in multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcma.md - BCR::ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome) (target): The fusion that defines chronic myeloid leukaemia and a quarter of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; the first cancer driver ever switched off by a pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcr-abl.md - BRAF (target): BRAF is a signalling kinase mutated in half of melanomas; blocking it with two drugs at once became a template for targeted therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/braf.md - BRCA1 / BRCA2 (HRD) (target): DNA repair genes. Inheriting a broken copy raises breast and ovarian cancer risk, but tumours that lose them become uniquely vulnerable to PARP inhibitors and platinum. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brca.md - BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase) (target): The signalling enzyme that B-cell cancers use to survive. Blocking it turned chronic lymphocytic leukaemia into a disease controlled by a daily pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/btk.md - Cannabinoid receptor 1 (target): The CB1 cannabinoid receptor is how dronabinol and nabilone, synthetic cannabinoids approved for chemotherapy nausea that other drugs fail to control, act on the brain; their place is behind the 5-HT3 and NK1 antagonists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cnr1.md - CCR4 (target): CCR4 is a chemokine receptor on skin-homing and regulatory T cells, and on the malignant cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukaemia; mogamulizumab removes those cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ccr4.md - CD123 (target): CD123 is the interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain, present on every blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm and on the blasts and leukaemia stem cells of 70 to 80% of acute myeloid leukaemias. Tagraxofusp and pivekimab sunirine target it in that rare neoplasm, and CAR-T cells against it in AML must spare the normal blood-forming progenitors that also carry it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd123.md - CD19 (target): CD19 is a marker on B cells and B-cell cancers, and was the target of the first CAR-T therapies ever approved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd19.md - CD20 (target): CD20 is a B-cell marker; rituximab against it was the first antibody approved for cancer, in 1997. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd20.md - CD22 (target): CD22 is a B-cell surface protein and the docking site for the leukaemia ADC inotuzumab ozogamicin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd22.md - CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha) (target): CD25 is the part of the interleukin-2 receptor found on activated T cells and on some lymphoma cells; denileukin diftitox uses it as a doorway to deliver a toxin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd25.md - CD3 (target): CD3 is the switch on every T cell. Bispecific drugs grab it with one arm and the tumour with the other, forcing the T cell to attack. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd3.md - CD30 (target): CD30 is a protein on the malignant Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma and on some T-cell lymphomas, and the address for the ADC brentuximab vedotin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd30.md - CD33 (target): CD33 is a myeloid surface marker on the blasts of 85 to 90% of acute myeloid leukaemias and on normal myeloid cells, so drugs against it also hit healthy marrow. It is the target of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, the first ADC ever approved (2000), withdrawn in 2010 and re-approved in 2017 at a lower fractionated dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd33.md - CD38 (target): CD38 is a myeloma surface enzyme and the target of daratumumab, which is now given as a quick under-the-skin injection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd38.md - CD47 (target): CD47 is the 'don't eat me' signal: it binds SIRP-alpha on macrophages to stop them engulfing the cell, and over 90% of AML blasts and large B-cell lymphoma cells display it. Blocking it should let macrophages eat tumour cells, but red cells carry CD47 too, so anaemia is built in, and the lead antibody magrolimab was dropped after failed trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd47.md - CD52 (target): CD52 is a small protein on nearly all lymphocytes and the target of alemtuzumab, a profoundly immunosuppressive antibody once used in CLL and now mostly in transplant conditioning, T-cell leukaemia and multiple sclerosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd52.md - CD7 (target): A T-cell surface marker kept on most T-cell leukaemias; CAR-T cells against it must be engineered not to kill each other, and they have produced remissions in T-ALL where nothing else worked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd7.md - CD70 (target): CD70 is a protein normally only on activated immune cells, but permanently switched on in kidney cancer and some leukaemias. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd70.md - CD73 / adenosine axis (target): CD73 is an enzyme on tumour and immune cells that converts AMP into adenosine, which switches off T and natural killer cells through A2A and A2B receptors. Oleclumab (anti-CD73) with durvalumab slowed progression in a phase 2 lung cancer trial and quemliclustat is in phase 3 in pancreatic cancer, but A2A blockers gave only modest signals and several were dropped. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd73-adenosine.md - CD79b (target): Part of the B-cell receptor found on nearly all B-cell lymphomas; the target of the ADC polatuzumab vedotin and a frequently mutated gene in brain and testicular lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd79b.md - CDH6 (target): CDH6 is an adhesion protein from kidney development that reappears on ovarian and kidney cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdh6.md - CDK4/6 (target): CDK4/6 is the engine that pushes a cell to copy its DNA. Blocking it alongside hormone therapy roughly doubled the time hormone-driven breast cancer stays controlled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdk4-6.md - CEACAM5 (target): The classic 'CEA' tumour marker measured in blood, also present on the cell surface where ADCs can reach it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ceacam5.md - Cereblon (CRBN) (target): The protein that lenalidomide and pomalidomide latch onto. Bound drug changes which proteins the cell tags for destruction, degrading the myeloma transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cereblon.md - Claudin 18.2 (target): A tight-junction protein normally hidden in the stomach lining that becomes exposed in gastric and pancreatic cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cldn18-2.md - Claudin 6 (target): A tight-junction protein normally found only in the embryo that reappears in ovarian, testicular, endometrial and lung cancers, making it a clean target for ADCs and CAR-T. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cldn6.md - COX-2 (PTGS2) (target): COX-2 makes the inflammatory prostaglandins that help tumours grow; aspirin and celecoxib block it, which is why they reduce colorectal polyps and are studied for cancer prevention. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cox2.md - CRAF (RAF1) (target): CRAF is BRAF's sibling in the growth-signal relay; sorafenib and regorafenib were designed against it, and it is the route by which RAS-mutant tumours escape BRAF-only drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raf1.md - CSF1R (target): The receptor that macrophages depend on; blocking it shrinks tenosynovial giant cell tumour (a CSF1-driven tumour) and depletes tumour-supporting macrophages, though the latter has not yet helped patients with common cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/csf1r.md - CTLA-4 (target): The first immune brake ever targeted for cancer; releasing it won a Nobel Prize and cures a fraction of melanomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctla4.md - CXCR4 (target): A chemokine receptor that anchors blood cells in the marrow and helps cancer cells home to it; mutated in a third of Waldenström patients and targeted by plerixafor for stem-cell mobilisation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cxcr4.md - CYP11A1 (cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) (target): CYP11A1 is the first enzyme in making every steroid hormone from cholesterol; the historic breast cancer drug aminoglutethimide blocked it, cutting oestrogen and adrenal steroids, before aromatase inhibitors made that approach precise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cyp11a1.md - CYP17A1 (17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) (target): The enzyme that makes androgens in the testes, the adrenal glands and prostate tumours themselves. Abiraterone blocks it, cutting androgen production below what castration alone achieves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cyp17a1.md - DDR2 receptor kinase (target): DDR2 is a receptor that senses collagen; mutations in it occur in a small share of squamous lung cancers, and dasatinib inhibits it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ddr2.md - Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) (target): The enzyme that recycles folate so cells can build DNA. Methotrexate blocks it, which is why folinic acid rescue after high-dose methotrexate matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dhfr.md - DLL3 (target): A protein that appears on the surface of small-cell lung cancer cells, now hit by a drug that pulls T cells onto them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dll3.md - DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) (target): DNMT3A writes new methyl marks on DNA; it is one of the most commonly mutated genes in acute myeloid leukaemia and is trapped by the hypomethylating drugs azacitidine and decitabine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dnmt3a.md - DNA polymerase alpha (POLA1) (target): DNA polymerase alpha starts every new DNA strand; nucleoside chemotherapies such as cytarabine, fludarabine and gemcitabine are converted inside cells into fake building blocks that jam this and the other replicative polymerases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pola1.md - DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) (target): The enzyme that copies methylation marks onto newly made DNA, keeping genes silenced. Azacitidine and decitabine trap and destroy it, waking silenced tumour suppressor genes in blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dnmt1.md - Dopamine D2 receptor (target): The dopamine D2 receptor is how cabergoline and bromocriptine shrink prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours without surgery, and it is the target of the antiemetics metoclopramide and prochlorperazine used during chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drd2.md - EGFR (target): A growth receptor that is mutated in some lung cancers and overproduced in others; the first great success of targeted pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/egfr.md - Elongation factor 2 (EEF2) (target): EEF2 is the ribosome's motor for moving along messenger RNA; the CML drug omacetaxine stalls protein production by acting at this step. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eef2.md - EpCAM (target): An adhesion protein on almost all carcinoma cells and the capture molecule for circulating tumour cell tests; the target of the first bispecific antibody ever approved (catumaxomab, 2009). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epcam.md - EphA2 receptor (target): EphA2 is a cell-guidance receptor that many solid tumours overexpress; dasatinib and regorafenib block it among their many kinase targets, and it is being tested as an antibody-drug conjugate and CAR-T target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epha2.md - Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) (target): The receptor that tells the marrow to make red blood cells. Epoetin stimulates it to treat chemotherapy-induced anaemia, used with care because it can raise the risk of blood clots and, in some cancers, tumour growth. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epor.md - Estrogen receptor (ERα) (target): The hormone switch that drives most breast cancers. Blocking or destroying it is the oldest and most effective targeted therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/estrogen-receptor.md - EWSR1-FLI1 fusion (target): The fused gene that defines Ewing sarcoma: an aberrant transcription factor that has resisted 30 years of drug design. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ewsr1-fli1.md - Exportin-1 (XPO1) (target): The export pump that carries tumour suppressor proteins such as p53 out of the nucleus, where they cannot act. Selinexor blocks it so those brakes stay in the nucleus and cancer cells die. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xpo1.md - EZH2 (target): EZH2 is an enzyme that silences genes. The first drug against it treated a rare sarcoma and some lymphomas until it was withdrawn in 2026 for causing second blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ezh2.md - FAP (target): FAP (fibroblast activation protein) sits on the cancer-associated fibroblasts that scaffold more than 90% of epithelial cancers and is almost absent from normal adult tissue. FAPI PET tracers therefore light up tumours with high contrast, including pancreatic, gastric and low-grade cancers where FDG PET is weak, and FAP-targeted radioligands are in development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fap.md - FGFR1 (target): A growth receptor amplified in squamous lung cancer and fused in a rare blood cancer. Pemigatinib is approved for the FGFR1-rearranged myeloid and lymphoid neoplasm, and pan-FGFR drugs block FGFR1 too, which is why they raise blood phosphate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fgfr1.md - FGFR2 (target): FGFR2 is a growth receptor fused in bile-duct cancer and overproduced in gastric cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fgfr2.md - FGFR3 (target): A growth-factor receptor that is mutated or fused in a sizeable minority of bladder cancers. Erdafitinib blocks it and is the first targeted drug approved for urothelial cancer selected by a genomic test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fgfr3-receptor.md - FKBP12 (FKBP1A) (target): FKBP12 is the small protein that rapamycin-type drugs grab first; the drug-FKBP12 pair then clamps onto mTOR and switches off its growth signalling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fkbp12.md - FLT3 (target): FLT3 is a kinase mutated in about a third of acute myeloid leukaemias, where adding an inhibitor to chemotherapy improves survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flt3.md - Folate receptor alpha (target): Folate receptor alpha is a vitamin receptor that ovarian cancer cells carry in large numbers, used as the docking site for the ADC mirvetuximab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/folr1.md - FRK kinase (target): FRK is a SRC-related kinase that mostly acts as a brake on growth; it is a minor off-target of approved kinase inhibitors and is lost or mutated in some liver and brain cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frk.md - G-CSF receptor (CSF3R) (target): The receptor that tells the bone marrow to make neutrophils. Filgrastim and pegfilgrastim stimulate it to shorten the dangerous low-neutrophil period after chemotherapy, cutting the risk of febrile neutropenia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/csf3r.md - Gamma-secretase (PSEN1) (target): The membrane enzyme that releases the active part of Notch. Nirogacestat blocks it and became the first drug approved for desmoid tumours, the aggressive but non-metastasising growths driven by Wnt signalling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gamma-secretase.md - GART (trifunctional purine synthesis enzyme) (target): GART is one of the enzymes that builds purines from scratch; pemetrexed blocks it alongside thymidylate synthase, which is why the drug starves fast-growing lung and mesothelioma cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gart.md - GD2 (disialoganglioside) (target): GD2 is a sugar-fat molecule on the surface of neuroblastoma cells (and some other childhood and adult tumours) with almost none on normal tissue except nerves, which is why anti-GD2 drugs cause pain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gd2.md - Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) (target): The receptor that steroid hormones switch on inside cells. In lymphoid cancers, dexamethasone and prednisone acting through it kill malignant lymphocytes directly, which is why steroids sit inside leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma regimens as well as easing nausea and swelling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glucocorticoid-receptor.md - Glutathione reductase (target): Glutathione reductase regenerates the cell's main antioxidant; the nitrosourea carmustine inhibits it as a side action to its DNA cross-linking, which adds to the drug's toxicity as well as its effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gsr.md - Glypican-3 (target): Glypican-3 is a fetal liver protein that reappears in liver cancer, giving CAR-T and bispecifics a clean target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gpc3.md - GM-CSF receptor (CSF2RA) (target): The GM-CSF receptor is what sargramostim switches on to speed the recovery of white cells after leukaemia chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, and it is the signal that tumour vaccines such as talimogene use to recruit immune cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/csf2ra.md - GnRH receptor (GNRHR) (target): The pituitary receptor that starts the hormone chain leading to testosterone and oestrogen. Agonists overstimulate it into silence and antagonists block it outright, the basis of medical castration in prostate cancer and ovarian suppression in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gnrhr.md - gp100 (PMEL) (target): gp100 is a pigment-cell protein, and the target of the first bispecific drug to improve survival in a solid tumour, uveal melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gp100.md - GPRC5D (target): GPRC5D is a second myeloma target used when BCMA-directed drugs stop working. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gprc5d.md - GRPR (gastrin-releasing peptide receptor) (target): GRPR is a hormone receptor abundant in early and hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, imaged and treated with bombesin-like radioligands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/grpr.md - HCK kinase (target): HCK is a SRC-family kinase of white blood cells that dasatinib and bosutinib inhibit; it drives growth in some leukaemias and in Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia, where ibrutinib also hits it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hck.md - HER2 (target): A growth-signal receptor. Some cancers make far too much of it, and drugs that block it or use it as a docking site have transformed those cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2.md - HER3 (target): HER3 is a cousin of HER2 that cancers use as an escape route when HER2 or EGFR are blocked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her3.md - HER4 (ERBB4) (target): The fourth member of the HER family, hit by the irreversible pan-HER inhibitors afatinib, dacomitinib and neratinib along with EGFR and HER2. It has no approved drug of its own, and its role in cancer is less clear than that of its siblings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erbb4.md - HIF-2α (target): A master switch that kidney cancer cells leave permanently on when they lose the VHL gene; belzutifan blocks it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hif2a.md - Histone deacetylases (HDAC) (target): Histone deacetylases tighten the packaging of DNA so that genes are switched off. Drugs that block them loosen the packaging and can wake up genes that make lymphoma cells stop growing or die. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hdac.md - IDH1 / IDH2 (target): A metabolic enzyme whose mutant form produces a molecule that scrambles how genes are read; blocking it slows brain tumours and leukaemias. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idh.md - IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) (target): The IGF-1 receptor is a growth-factor receptor that many cancers use to survive; a decade of antibodies and kinase inhibitors against it failed in trials, a cautionary tale in oncology drug development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/igf1r.md - IL-11 receptor alpha (target): The IL-11 receptor was the target of oprelvekin, the first drug approved to prevent the severe platelet falls that chemotherapy causes; the drug was withdrawn in 2011 and thrombopoietin agonists took over the problem. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/il11ra.md - IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH2) (target): IMPDH is the bottleneck enzyme for making guanine nucleotides; mycophenolate blocks it to hold back the donor T cells that cause graft-versus-host disease after stem cell transplantation, and the enzyme is over-expressed in fast-growing tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/impdh2.md - Interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR1) (target): The receptor through which interferon alpha alerts immune cells and slows tumour growth. Interferon was one of the first immunotherapies, used in melanoma, hairy cell leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia, and has largely given way to targeted drugs and checkpoint inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ifnar1.md - Interleukin-6 and IL-6 receptor (target): Interleukin-6 is an inflammation messenger. Blocking it treats Castleman disease, a lymph node disorder, and calms the dangerous immune storm that CAR-T cell therapy can trigger. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/il6.md - JAK2 (target): The signalling enzyme that tells marrow cells to make red cells and platelets; a single mutation (V617F) leaves it switched on in most myeloproliferative neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jak2.md - KIT (target): KIT mutation is the driver behind most gastrointestinal stromal tumours, and the reason imatinib turned a sarcoma with a median survival of about a year into a chronic disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kit.md - KLK2 (kallikrein-2) (target): A relative of PSA that stays attached to prostate cancer cells, used as a T-cell engager address by J&J. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/klk2.md - KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement (target): A gene fusion that drives an aggressive leukaemia in infants and adults. It cannot be blocked directly, but the scaffold protein it depends on (menin) can. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kmt2a.md - KRAS (target): KRAS is the most commonly mutated cancer gene, called 'undruggable' for 40 years until 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kras.md - LAG-3 (target): LAG-3 is the third immune brake to reach approval, combined with PD-1 blockade in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lag3.md - LIV-1 (SLC39A6) (target): LIV-1 is an oestrogen-regulated zinc transporter on most breast cancers; the ADC against it (ladiratuzumab vedotin) showed activity in triple-negative disease but was discontinued in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/liv1.md - LYN kinase (target): LYN is a SRC-family kinase that sits under the B-cell receptor; dasatinib and bosutinib inhibit it alongside BCR-ABL, and LYN over-activity is one way chronic myeloid leukaemia escapes imatinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lyn.md - MAGE-A4 (target): A protein normally only in testis that some sarcomas and other tumours switch on; T cells can be engineered to recognise fragments of it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mage-a4.md - MDM2 (target): MDM2 is the protein that degrades p53; blocking it reactivates p53 in tumours where the gene is intact, especially the liposarcomas that carry extra copies of MDM2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mdm2.md - MEK1/2 (target): MEK is the relay in the growth-signal chain that sits just below RAS and RAF. Blocking it starves BRAF- and RAS-driven tumours of their go signal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mek.md - Menin (target): A scaffold protein that certain leukaemias need to keep their genes switched on; the first drug against it was approved in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/menin.md - Mesothelin (target): Mesothelin is a surface protein on mesothelioma, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, targeted by ADCs, CAR-T, and T-cell engagers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mesothelin.md - MET (target): A receptor that is either mutated in some lung cancers or amplified as an escape route when other lung cancer drugs fail. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/met.md - mTOR (target): mTOR is the cell's master growth controller, deciding whether to build proteins and divide. Rapamycin-like drugs clamp it down in kidney, breast and neuroendocrine cancers and in rare tumours driven by TSC gene loss. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mtor.md - Mu-opioid receptor (target): The mu-opioid receptor is the target of morphine and the other strong opioids that control most severe cancer pain; the same receptor in the gut causes opioid constipation, which methylnaltrexone and naloxegol relieve by blocking it outside the brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oprm1.md - MUC16 (CA-125) (target): The giant mucin that is shed into blood as the CA-125 ovarian cancer marker; its membrane stalk is being targeted by ADCs and T-cell engagers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/muc16.md - Nectin-4 (target): Nectin-4 is an adhesion protein plentiful on bladder cancer cells, used as the docking site for the ADC enfortumab vedotin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nectin4.md - NK1 receptor (TACR1) (target): The substance P receptor that drives the delayed nausea felt in the days after chemotherapy. Aprepitant and netupitant block it and are combined with a 5-HT3 blocker and dexamethasone for the most nausea-provoking regimens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tacr1.md - NPM1 mutation (target): NPM1 is the most common mutation in adult leukaemia. It moves a nuclear protein into the cytoplasm and, it turns out, makes the leukaemia dependent on menin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/npm1.md - NTRK (target): Rare gene fusions found across dozens of cancer types; the first target where a drug was approved for any tumour carrying it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ntrk.md - PARP (target): PARP is a DNA repair enzyme. Cancers that have already lost one repair system (BRCA) die when this second one is blocked; healthy cells survive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parp.md - PD-1 (target): PD-1 is a brake on T cells. Blocking it releases the immune system against the tumour and has cured some previously incurable cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pd1.md - PD-L1 (target): PD-L1 is the tumour's side of the PD-1 brake, and also the biomarker that decides who gets immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pdl1.md - PDGFRA (target): PDGFRA is a growth-factor receptor mutated in about 10% of GISTs, including the D842V mutation that resists imatinib but responds to avapritinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pdgfra.md - PDGFRB (target): A growth receptor on connective-tissue and blood-vessel cells. Imatinib works in rare cancers driven by PDGFRB fusions, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and some chronic myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pdgfrb.md - PI3K delta (PIK3CD) (target): The blood-cell version of the PI3K survival signal that keeps B cells alive. Idelalisib, duvelisib and copanlisib block it in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and follicular lymphoma, at the price of immune-related colitis, liver inflammation and infections that have limited their use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pik3cd.md - PIK3CA / PI3K-alpha (target): PIK3CA is the most commonly mutated gene in hormone-driven breast cancer. Drugs against it work, but hitting it cleanly without raising blood sugar took years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pik3ca.md - PRAME (target): PRAME is a cancer-testis antigen: a protein normally confined to the testis that about 90% of cutaneous melanomas and substantial fractions of ovarian, lung, endometrial and uveal cancers switch on. Because it sits inside the cell, drugs reach it only as peptide fragments displayed on HLA, through T-cell receptor bispecifics such as brenetafusp and TCR-T cells such as IMA203. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prame.md - PRMT5 (MTAP-deleted cancers) (target): An enzyme that cancers lacking the MTAP gene (about 10-15% of all tumours) depend on more than normal cells do; new inhibitors designed to exploit that difference are in late trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prmt5-mtap.md - Progesterone receptor (PGR) (target): The progesterone receptor is the hormone receptor that, alongside the oestrogen receptor, marks breast cancers likely to respond to hormone therapy, and it is the target of the progestins megestrol and medroxyprogesterone used in endometrial and breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pgr.md - Prostatic acid phosphatase (ACP3, PAP) (target): Prostatic acid phosphatase is an enzyme made almost only by the prostate; the cell vaccine sipuleucel-T trains a patient's immune cells against it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pap.md - Proteasome (PSMB5) (target): The cell's protein shredder. Myeloma cells make huge amounts of antibody protein and depend on the proteasome to clear the waste, so blocking it kills them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proteasome.md - Protein kinase C family (PKC) (target): Protein kinase C is a family of signalling enzymes; the AML drug midostaurin started life as a PKC inhibitor and still hits the family alongside FLT3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pkc.md - PSMA (target): A protein on prostate cancer cells that lets doctors both see the cancer on a PET scan and hit it with a radioactive drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psma.md - PTK6 (BRK) (target): PTK6, also called breast tumour kinase, is over-expressed in most breast cancers and is one of the off-targets of dasatinib; drugs made specifically against it are still experimental. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ptk6.md - RANK ligand (RANKL) (target): RANK ligand is the signal that tells bone-dissolving cells to get to work. Cancers in the bone hijack it; denosumab blocks it to prevent fractures and other bone complications. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rankl.md - RET (target): RET is a kinase altered in thyroid cancer and a small slice of lung cancer, treatable with one selective pill regardless of where the tumour is. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ret.md - Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) (target): The retinoic acid receptor that, fused to PML in acute promyelocytic leukaemia, blocks white blood cells from maturing. All-trans retinoic acid releases the block and arsenic trioxide destroys the fusion protein, turning a once rapidly fatal leukaemia into one of the most curable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rara.md - Retinoid X receptor (RXR) (target): The retinoid X receptor is a switch inside cells that vitamin A-like molecules turn on to change which genes are active; bexarotene uses it to make lymphoma cells in the skin mature and die. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rxr.md - Ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1) (target): The enzyme that makes DNA building blocks from RNA building blocks. Gemcitabine's active form shuts it down and hydroxyurea quenches its catalytic radical, starving dividing cells of the nucleotides they need. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rrm1.md - RON receptor (MST1R) (target): RON is a receptor kinase from the same family as MET; multi-kinase drugs such as crizotinib and cabozantinib hit it as well as their main targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ron.md - ROR1 (target): ROR1 is a fetal pseudo-kinase receptor re-expressed on over 90% of chronic lymphocytic leukaemias, 30 to 50% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and 40 to 60% of triple-negative breast cancers, and largely absent from healthy adult tissue. Zilovertamab vedotin uses it as an ADC address, in phase 3 in large B-cell lymphoma; whether expression level predicts benefit is unproven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ror1.md - ROS1 (target): A gene fusion in about 1-2% of lung cancers that responds for years to targeted pills, now in their third generation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ros1.md - SLAMF7 (CS1) (target): A surface protein found on myeloma cells and on natural killer cells. Elotuzumab tags myeloma cells with it while also switching on the natural killer cells that carry it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/slamf7.md - Smoothened (hedgehog pathway) (target): The switch in the hedgehog developmental pathway that is stuck on in basal cell carcinoma and some medulloblastomas; three approved pills block it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/smoothened.md - Somatostatin receptor 2 (target): Somatostatin receptor 2 is a hormone receptor densely present on neuroendocrine tumours, and was the first theranostic target to reach routine care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sstr2.md - SRC family kinases (target): The first cancer gene ever identified, a kinase that relays growth, adhesion and movement signals. Dasatinib and bosutinib were designed as BCR::ABL1 drugs but also hit SRC-family kinases, part of the reason they work when imatinib has failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src.md - STEAP1 (target): STEAP1 is a protein on the surface of most prostate cancer cells, now the address for a T-cell engager in phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steap1.md - Thioredoxin reductase 1 (target): Thioredoxin reductase keeps cells' antioxidant defences charged; arsenic trioxide, the drug that cures most acute promyelocytic leukaemia with ATRA, inhibits it as one of its several actions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/txnrd1.md - Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) (target): The enzyme that makes the thymine building block of DNA. Fluorouracil, capecitabine and pemetrexed jam it, starving dividing cells of thymidine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tyms.md - TIE2 receptor (TEK) (target): TIE2 is the angiopoietin receptor that keeps blood vessels stable; regorafenib and cabozantinib block it as part of their attack on the tumour's blood supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tie2.md - TIGIT (target): TIGIT is an inhibitory receptor on T and natural killer cells that binds PVR (CD155) on tumour cells, so blocking it was expected to amplify PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. Tiragolumab, domvanalimab and others then failed to add benefit in phase 3 lung cancer trials despite encouraging phase 2 signals, and the lack of a TIGIT-specific biomarker remains a weakness. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tigit.md - TIM-3 (target): An immune checkpoint on exhausted T cells and on leukaemic stem cells; antibodies against it failed in lung cancer and MDS after strong preclinical promise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tim3.md - Tissue factor (target): Tissue factor is a clotting protein that cancers abnormally display on their surface, used as an ADC target in cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tissue-factor.md - Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) (target): TLR7 is an innate immune sensor for viral RNA; the cream imiquimod switches it on to make the skin's immune cells attack superficial basal cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tlr7.md - Topoisomerase I (TOP1) (target): The enzyme that nicks one DNA strand to relieve twisting while DNA is copied. Camptothecins and the payloads of several antibody-drug conjugates trap it on the DNA so the nick becomes a permanent break when the cell replicates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/top1.md - Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) (target): The enzyme that cuts both DNA strands to untangle chromosomes before cell division. Etoposide and the anthracyclines hold it in the cut state, filling dividing cells with double-strand breaks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/top2a.md - TP53 (target): TP53 is the 'guardian of the genome', broken in half of all cancers. Fixing it directly has so far defeated every attempt, so drugs exploit what its loss makes cancers depend on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tp53.md - TROP2 (target): TROP2 is a surface glycoprotein present at high levels on most epithelial cancers (breast, lung, urothelial, gastric, pancreatic) and at low levels on normal tissue. It does not drive the cancer; it is a delivery address, used by the approved ADCs sacituzumab govitecan and datopotamab deruxtecan and by sacituzumab tirumotecan, with a TROP2 PET tracer in development to pick patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trop2.md - Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (target): Tryptophan hydroxylase makes serotonin, the hormone that neuroendocrine tumours pour out in carcinoid syndrome; telotristat ethyl blocks the enzyme to cut the diarrhoea that somatostatin analogues leave uncontrolled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tph1.md - TSH receptor (TSHR) (target): The TSH receptor tells thyroid cells to take up iodine; recombinant TSH (thyrotropin alfa) stimulates it so that radioactive iodine can find and destroy leftover thyroid cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tshr.md - Tubulin (microtubules) (target): The protein that builds the microtubule scaffolding a cell needs to pull its chromosomes apart. Taxanes freeze the scaffold and vinca alkaloids and eribulin stop it forming; either way the dividing cell stalls and dies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tubulin.md - VEGF / VEGFR (target): The signal tumours use to grow their own blood supply. Blocking it starves tumours and, surprisingly, helps immunotherapy work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vegf.md - VISTA (target): An immune checkpoint on myeloid cells that works at the acidic pH inside tumours and is a suspected escape route after PD-1 therapy; antibodies are in early trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vista.md - WEE1 (target): A checkpoint kinase that gives cells time to fix DNA before dividing. Removing it forces damaged cancer cells into a fatal division. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wee1.md - WRN helicase (MSI-high cancers) (target): A DNA-unwinding enzyme that mismatch-repair-deficient cancers cannot live without; the first WRN inhibitors are in trials as a chemotherapy-free option for MSI-high tumours that fail immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wrn.md - Xanthine oxidase (XDH) (target): Xanthine oxidase makes uric acid from the breakdown of DNA; allopurinol blocks it to prevent the kidney damage of tumour lysis syndrome when chemotherapy kills many cancer cells at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xdh.md ## Drugs (1,014) Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them. - 131I-MIBG (iobenguane I-131) therapy (treatment): High-dose radioactive MIBG delivers radiation from inside neuroblastoma cells that take up noradrenaline; used for relapsed disease and tested in upfront therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/i131-mibg.md - 177Lu-edotreotide (treatment): A second lutetium radioligand for neuroendocrine tumours that beat the standard pill everolimus in a head-to-head trial and is awaiting an FDA decision. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/itm-11.md - 177Lu-PSMA-I&T (treatment): 177Lu-PSMA-I&T is a second PSMA radioligand, chemically different from Pluvicto, that has passed two phase 3 trials on progression but has not yet shown a survival benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lu177-psma-it.md - 212Pb-DOTAMTATE (treatment): An alpha-particle version of neuroendocrine radioligand therapy that produced responses in over half of patients who had never had PRRT, with FDA Breakthrough designation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alphamedix.md - 5-Aminolevulinic acid (oral, for glioma surgery) (treatment): A drink taken before brain surgery that makes high-grade glioma glow under blue light, letting surgeons remove more tumour safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aminolevulinic-acid-gleolan.md - A166 (treatment): A166 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for HER2-positive breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/a166.md - AAA817 (treatment): AAA817 is an experimental radioligand therapy from Novartis Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at PSMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aaa817.md - Abarelix (treatment): Abarelix was the first GnRH antagonist for prostate cancer, approved in the United States in 2003 for men who could not take agonists, but allergic reactions restricted it and it was withdrawn from the US market in 2005; it remained available in Germany. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abarelix.md - ABBV-706 (treatment): ABBV-706 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from AbbVie in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abbv-706.md - Abemaciclib (treatment): Abemaciclib was the first CDK4/6 inhibitor approved after surgery for high-risk hormone-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abemaciclib.md - Abexinostat (treatment): Abexinostat is an experimental small-molecule drug from Xynomic Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for renal cell carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abexinostat.md - Abiraterone acetate (treatment): Abiraterone is a pill that shuts down testosterone production everywhere, including inside the tumour. Discovered at the Institute of Cancer Research, now generic and used from the first metastatic diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abiraterone.md - ABSK061 (treatment): ABSK061 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Abbisko Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, bladder & urothelial cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at HER2 and FGFR2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/absk061.md - ABT-301 (treatment): ABT-301 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Anbogen Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer, aimed at Histone deacetylases (HDAC). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abt-301.md - Acalabrutinib (treatment): Acalabrutinib is a cleaner BTK blocker with fewer heart and bleeding problems than ibrutinib. In February 2026 it became half of the first all-oral, fixed-duration CLL regimen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acalabrutinib.md - Acasunlimab (treatment): Acasunlimab is an experimental bispecific antibody from Genmab in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acasunlimab.md - Actinium-225 DOTATATE (treatment): An alpha-particle version of Lutathera for neuroendocrine tumours that have stopped responding to the beta version. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ryz101.md - Actinium-225 PSMA agents (treatment): Alpha-emitting PSMA drugs that produce responses even after Pluvicto fails, held back mainly by isotope supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ac225-psma.md - Adagloxad simolenin (treatment): Adagloxad simolenin is OBI Pharma's vaccine against the tumour sugar Globo H, in the phase 3 GLORIA trial as adjuvant treatment for triple-negative breast cancer that expresses the antigen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adagloxad-simolenin.md - Adagrasib (treatment): Adagrasib was the second KRAS G12C inhibitor, with a long half-life and brain penetration, and is approved in lung and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adagrasib.md - Adavosertib (treatment): Adavosertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from AstraZeneca, in registered phase 2 trials for triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adavosertib.md - Adebrelimab (treatment): Adebrelimab is Hengrui's PD-L1 antibody, approved in China for first-line extensive-stage small cell lung cancer on the CAPSTONE-1 trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adebrelimab.md - ADG126 (treatment): ADG126 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Adagene in phase 2 trials for hepatocellular carcinoma, aimed at CTLA-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adg126.md - ADI-270 (treatment): ADI-270 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Adicet Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for renal cell carcinoma, aimed at CD70. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adi-270.md - ADI-PEG20 (treatment): ADI-PEG20 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Polaris in phase 3 trials for hepatocellular carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adi-peg20.md - ADU-S100 (MIW815) (treatment): ADU-S100 was the first STING agonist in the clinic. Injected directly into tumours, it produced almost no responses, alone or with checkpoint blockade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adu-s100.md - Afamitresgene autoleucel (treatment): Afamitresgene autoleucel was the first engineered T-cell receptor therapy approved for a solid tumour, synovial sarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/afamitresgene-autoleucel.md - Afatinib (treatment): Afatinib (Gilotrif) is a second-generation pill that binds EGFR, HER2 and HER4 irreversibly, approved in 2013 for EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Its lasting value is activity against the uncommon EGFR mutations G719X, L861Q and S768I, approved in 2018, because osimertinib has displaced it for common mutations and its wild-type EGFR binding causes more rash and diarrhoea. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/afatinib.md - Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier (treatment): A gene test on the needle sample from a thyroid lump that can safely call an 'uncertain' result benign and spare an operation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/afirma.md - Aglatimagene besadenovec (treatment): Aglatimagene besadenovec is an experimental gene therapy from Candel Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and prostate cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aglatimagene-besadenovec.md - AI-081 (treatment): AI-081 is an experimental bispecific antibody from OncoC4 in phase 2 trials, aimed at PD-1 and VEGF / VEGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-081.md - AK117 (treatment): AK117 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Akeso in phase 3 trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ak117.md - AK119 (treatment): AK119 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Akeso in phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer, aimed at CD73 / adenosine axis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ak119.md - AK146D1 (treatment): AK146D1 is Akeso's Nectin-4 × TROP2 bispecific ADC, combining the two most validated ADC addresses in one molecule. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ak146d1.md - AL2846 (treatment): AL2846 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for thyroid cancer, aimed at MET and RET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/al2846.md - AL8326 (treatment): AL8326 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Advenchen Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/al8326.md - Aldesleukin (high-dose IL-2) (treatment): High-dose interleukin-2 was the first immunotherapy to cure a small fraction of patients with metastatic melanoma and kidney cancer, at the cost of ICU-level toxicity; today it mainly supports TIL therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aldesleukin.md - Aldoxorubicin (treatment): Aldoxorubicin is doxorubicin, the workhorse chemotherapy nicknamed the red devil, attached to a linker that hitches it to the body's own albumin so more reaches the tumour and less reaches the heart; it beat doxorubicin in a randomised phase 2 sarcoma trial but missed the primary endpoint of its phase 3, and a new company is now trying to finish its development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aldoxorubicin.md - Alectinib (treatment): Alectinib is a well-tolerated ALK pill, standard first line for years and, since 2024, the first targeted therapy given after surgery for ALK-positive lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alectinib.md - Alemtuzumab (treatment): Alemtuzumab (Campath) is an antibody that wipes out lymphocytes carrying the CD52 marker. It is approved for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is supplied in the US through a restricted distribution programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alemtuzumab.md - Alisertib (treatment): Alisertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from Puma Biotechnology, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alisertib.md - Alitretinoin (treatment): Alitretinoin gel is a vitamin A derivative applied directly to Kaposi sarcoma skin lesions in people with AIDS, approved in the United States in 1999 as the first topical treatment for the disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alitretinoin.md - ALLO-647 (treatment): ALLO-647 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Allogene Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, aimed at CD52. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allo-647.md - Alpelisib (treatment): Alpelisib was the first PI3K drug for PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer (2019). It is effective, but high blood sugar and rash limited its use, and newer drugs are displacing it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alpelisib.md - Altretamine (treatment): Altretamine is an oral chemotherapy tablet approved in 1990 as a single agent for ovarian cancer that has persisted or come back after platinum-based treatment, now rarely used. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/altretamine.md - Amifostine (treatment): Amifostine (Ethyol) is an infusion given just before chemotherapy or radiotherapy to shield the kidneys from cisplatin and the salivary glands from radiation, reducing dry mouth after head and neck treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amifostine.md - Aminoglutethimide (treatment): Aminoglutethimide produced a medical adrenalectomy for advanced breast and prostate cancer in the 1970s and 1980s, the ancestor of today's aromatase inhibitors, and was withdrawn once selective drugs arrived. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aminoglutethimide.md - Aminolevulinic acid (topical, for photodynamic therapy) (treatment): Aminolevulinic acid is painted on sun-damaged skin and then activated with a lamp, destroying actinic keratoses before they can become skin cancer; in Europe the gel is also approved for superficial basal cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aminolevulinic-acid.md - Amivantamab (treatment): A two-armed antibody that blocks EGFR and its escape partner MET, now first-line for EGFR-mutant lung cancer with lazertinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amivantamab.md - AMO959 (treatment): AMO959 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, in registered phase 2 trials for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amo959.md - Amrubicin (treatment): Amrubicin is a Japanese anthracycline approved there in 2002 for small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, a standard second-line option for small cell lung cancer in Japan that failed to beat topotecan in a Western phase 3 trial and now serves as the comparator in global trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amrubicin.md - Amsacrine (treatment): Amsacrine is an intravenous leukaemia drug, approved in Europe, Canada and Australia in the 1980s, used mainly for acute myeloid leukaemia that has relapsed or resisted anthracycline-based treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amsacrine.md - AMT-116 (treatment): AMT-116 is an antibody-drug conjugate from Multitude Therapeutics Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amt-116.md - Anagrelide (treatment): Anagrelide (Agrylin) is a capsule that lowers dangerously high platelet counts in essential thrombocythaemia and other myeloproliferative neoplasms, reducing the risk of clots and bleeding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anagrelide.md - Anetumab ravtansine (treatment): Anetumab ravtansine was the first antibody-drug conjugate tested in a randomised trial in mesothelioma, aimed at the mesothelin protein that nearly all mesotheliomas carry; it was no better than vinorelbine chemotherapy as second-line treatment, and is now being tried with pembrolizumab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anetumab-ravtansine.md - Anitocabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Anitocabtagene autoleucel is a BCMA CAR-T whose binder is a small synthetic D-domain protein rather than an antibody fragment, a design chosen for low immunogenicity. In heavily pretreated myeloma it produced responses in 97% of patients with mostly low-grade cytokine release syndrome and no delayed parkinsonism reported, and an FDA decision is due on 27 December 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anitocabtagene-autoleucel.md - Anlotinib (treatment): Anlotinib is one of the most used cancer pills in China, first approved for lung cancer after other treatments have failed and then for several rarer tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anlotinib.md - Anvumetostat (treatment): Anvumetostat is an experimental small-molecule drug from Amgen in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PRMT5 (MTAP-deleted cancers). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anvumetostat.md - Apalutamide (treatment): An AR blocker approved for prostate cancer that has spread and for high-risk disease before it shows on scans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apalutamide.md - Aprepitant (and fosaprepitant) (treatment): Aprepitant (Emend) was the first of a new class of anti-sickness drugs. Taken with a 5-HT3 blocker and dexamethasone, it prevents the delayed nausea and vomiting that follow strongly emetogenic chemotherapy such as cisplatin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aprepitant.md - ARD103 (treatment): ARD103 is a car-t cell therapy from ARCE Therapeutics, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ard103.md - Arlocabtagene Autoleucel (treatment): Arlocabtagene Autoleucel is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Juno Therapeutics, a Bristol-Myers Squibb in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, aimed at GPRC5D. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arlocabtagene-autoleucel.md - Arsenic trioxide (treatment): An ancient poison turned cure: with retinoic acid it cures more than 95% of acute promyelocytic leukaemia without conventional chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arsenic-trioxide.md - ArteraAI Breast (treatment): An FDA-cleared AI test (May 2026) that reads breast cancer slides to estimate recurrence risk in early hormone-positive disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/artera-ai-breast.md - ArteraAI Prostate (treatment): The first AI tool cleared by the FDA to predict both prognosis and treatment benefit from a routine biopsy slide, in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/artera-ai-prostate.md - ARX788 (treatment): ARX788 is a HER2 ADC with a precisely placed, non-cleavable payload that beat lapatinib-capecitabine in China and showed activity in brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arx788.md - ASC40 (treatment): ASC40 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Ascletis Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for glioma & glioblastoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asc40.md - Asciminib (treatment): Asciminib is a BCR::ABL1 blocker that binds a different pocket from every other TKI, approved for all newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia in 2024 and now being tested in Ph-positive ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asciminib.md - ASP2138 (treatment): ASP2138 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Astellas Pharma Global Development in phase 3 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, aimed at Claudin 18.2 and CD3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asp2138.md - Asparaginase (pegaspargase, calaspargase pegol, Erwinia asparaginase) (treatment): An enzyme that starves leukaemia cells of an amino acid they cannot make; a mainstay of childhood ALL therapy for 50 years, with new versions solving allergy and supply problems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asparaginase.md - Aspirin (treatment): Aspirin is not a cancer drug but sits in cancer care in two places: low doses prevent clots in polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia, and long-term use lowers colorectal cancer in people with Lynch syndrome, while a trial in the healthy elderly found no benefit and possible harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aspirin.md - AT101 (treatment): AT101 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from AbClon in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/at101.md - Atebimetinib (treatment): Atebimetinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Immuneering in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aimed at MEK1/2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atebimetinib.md - Atezolizumab (treatment): A PD-L1 blocker used in lung, liver, and bladder cancer. In 2026 it became the first drug approved based on a blood test showing leftover cancer after bladder surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atezolizumab.md - Atigotatug (treatment): Atigotatug is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Bristol-Myers Squibb in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atigotatug.md - Atirmociclib (treatment): A next-generation pill that blocks only CDK4, not CDK6, to keep the benefit of today's drugs without the low blood counts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atirmociclib.md - AU-007 (treatment): AU-007 is a monoclonal antibody from Aulos Bioscience, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer, melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/au-007.md - Aumolertinib (treatment): Aumolertinib is Hansoh's third-generation lung cancer pill, the first China-developed drug of its class, approved for first-line EGFR-mutant lung cancer on the AENEAS trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aumolertinib.md - Autogene cevumeran (treatment): Autogene cevumeran is BioNTech and Genentech's personalised mRNA vaccine encoding each patient's own tumour neoantigens. In a small phase 1 in resected pancreatic cancer, half of patients mounted T-cell responses and stayed free of recurrence far longer; phase 2 IMCODE003 tests whether that holds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/autogene-cevumeran.md - Avapritinib (treatment): Avapritinib is the first drug for GIST driven by the PDGFRA D842V mutation, which resists every other kinase inhibitor; it is also approved for systemic mastocytosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avapritinib.md - Avelumab (treatment): Avelumab is a PD-L1 blocker given as maintenance after chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer, which lengthened survival by about seven months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avelumab.md - Avutometinib + defactinib (treatment): Avutometinib plus defactinib is the first treatment approved specifically for low-grade serous ovarian cancer, a slow-growing type driven by the RAS pathway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avutometinib-defactinib.md - AVZO-021 (treatment): AVZO-021 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Avenzo Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avzo-021.md - AVZO-023 (treatment): AVZO-023 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Avenzo Therapeutics, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avzo-023.md - Axicabtagene ciloleucel (treatment): A CD19 CAR-T that cures about 40% of patients with large B-cell lymphoma who had failed everything, and beat transplant in second line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/axicabtagene-ciloleucel.md - Axitinib (treatment): Axitinib is a selective VEGF-receptor pill, now given mainly with pembrolizumab or avelumab as first-line kidney cancer treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/axitinib.md - Azacitidine (treatment): A gentle chemotherapy that switches silenced genes back on. With venetoclax it became the standard for older people with AML who cannot take intensive treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azacitidine.md - AZD0120 (treatment): AZD0120 is a car-t cell therapy from AstraZeneca, in registered phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd0120.md - AZD0486 (treatment): AZD0486 is an experimental bispecific antibody from AstraZeneca in phase 3 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, aimed at CD19 and CD3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd0486.md - AZD3470 (treatment): AZD3470 is an experimental small-molecule drug from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphomas, aimed at PRMT5 (MTAP-deleted cancers). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd3470.md - AZD4045 (treatment): AZD4045 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for multiple myeloma, aimed at BCMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd4045.md - AZD4360 (treatment): AZD4360 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, biliary tract cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd4360.md - AZD4512 (treatment): AZD4512 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma, aimed at CD22. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd4512.md - AZD5335 (treatment): AZD5335 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from AstraZeneca in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd5335.md - AZD5492 (treatment): AZD5492 is an experimental T-cell engager from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials, aimed at CD20. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd5492.md - AZD5863 (treatment): AZD5863 is an experimental bispecific antibody from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and oesophageal cancer, aimed at Claudin 18.2 and CD3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd5863.md - AZD6621 (treatment): AZD6621 is an experimental T-cell engager from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at CD3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd6621.md - AZD7789 (treatment): AZD7789 is an experimental bispecific antibody from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, aimed at PD-1 and TIM-3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd7789.md - AZD8421 (treatment): AZD8421 is a small-molecule inhibitor from AstraZeneca, in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd8421.md - AZD9750 (treatment): AZD9750 is an experimental protein degrader from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at Androgen receptor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd9750.md - AZD9793 (treatment): AZD9793 is an experimental T-cell engager from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for hepatocellular carcinoma, aimed at Glypican-3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azd9793.md - Azenosertib (treatment): Azenosertib is an experimental small-molecule drug from K-, Beta in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, aimed at WEE1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azenosertib.md - BA3071 (treatment): BA3071 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from BioAtla in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and melanoma, aimed at CTLA-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ba3071.md - Balstilimab (treatment): Balstilimab is a monoclonal antibody from Agenus Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/balstilimab.md - BCB-276 (treatment): BCB-276 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from BrainChild Bio in phase 2 trials for glioma & glioblastoma, aimed at B7-H3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcb-276.md - BCD-100 (treatment): BCD-100 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Biocad in phase 3 trials for melanoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcd-100.md - BCD-217 (treatment): BCD-217 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Biocad in phase 3 trials for melanoma, aimed at PD-1 and CTLA-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcd-217.md - BDC-4182 (treatment): BDC-4182 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Bolt Biotherapeutics in phase 2 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bdc-4182.md - BEBT-209 (treatment): BEBT-209 is an experimental small-molecule drug from BeBetter Med in phase 3 trials for triple-negative breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bebt-209.md - Befotertinib (treatment): Befotertinib is an oral kinase inhibitor from Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/befotertinib.md - Belantamab mafodotin (treatment): A myeloma ADC that was withdrawn in 2022 then came back in 2025 after strong trials in earlier lines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/belantamab-mafodotin.md - Belinostat (treatment): Belinostat is an HDAC inhibitor for relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma; about a quarter of patients respond, and it can be used in patients with low platelets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/belinostat.md - Belumosudil (treatment): Belumosudil is a pill for chronic graft-versus-host disease, the long-term immune complication of donor stem-cell transplants used to cure blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/belumosudil.md - Belzutifan (treatment): Belzutifan is the first HIF-2α inhibitor, born from Nobel-winning biology, and is now approved after kidney cancer surgery with pembrolizumab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/belzutifan.md - Bemarituzumab (treatment): Bemarituzumab is an antibody against FGFR2b, a growth receptor overproduced in about a third of stomach cancers. It improved survival early in its phase 3 trial, but the gain faded with longer follow-up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bemarituzumab.md - Bempegaldesleukin (treatment): Bempegaldesleukin was a re-engineered interleukin-2 meant to be a safer version of a famous old immunotherapy. It added nothing to nivolumab in three phase 3 trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bempegaldesleukin.md - Bendamustine (treatment): An East German chemotherapy rediscovered in the 2000s that became the backbone partner for rituximab in follicular, mantle cell and Waldenström lymphomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bendamustine.md - Benmelstobart (treatment): Benmelstobart is Chia Tai Tianqing's PD-L1 antibody, approved in China in 2024 for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer in combination with anlotinib and chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/benmelstobart.md - Bevacizumab (treatment): Bevacizumab is a humanised antibody that soaks up VEGF-A, the signal tumours use to grow new blood vessels. Approved in 2004, it partners chemotherapy in colorectal, ovarian, cervical, lung, kidney and liver cancer and glioblastoma, and adds to trifluridine/tipiracil in late-line bowel cancer; hypertension, protein in the urine and bleeding are its characteristic side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bevacizumab.md - Bevacizumab (glioblastoma use) (treatment): A blood-vessel-blocking antibody that shrinks glioblastoma on scans and reduces swelling, but has never been shown to help patients live longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bevacizumab-glioma.md - Bexarotene (treatment): Bexarotene (Targretin) is a vitamin A-like capsule and gel for the skin disease of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma when other treatments have stopped working. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bexarotene.md - Bexmarilimab (treatment): Bexmarilimab is a monoclonal antibody from Faron Pharmaceuticals Ltd, in registered phase 2 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bexmarilimab.md - Bexobrutideg (treatment): Bexobrutideg is an experimental protein degrader from Nurix Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, aimed at BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bexobrutideg.md - Bezuclastinib (treatment): Bezuclastinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Cogent Biosciences in phase 3 trials for gastrointestinal stromal tumour, aimed at KIT and MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bezuclastinib.md - BGB-16673 (treatment): Instead of blocking BTK, this pill destroys it, so it works even when the enzyme has mutated to escape every inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bgb-16673.md - BGB-43395 (treatment): BGB-43395 is an experimental small-molecule drug from BeOne Medicines in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bgb-43395.md - Bicalutamide (treatment): The old antiandrogen pill used to block the testosterone flare from GnRH agonists and in combined androgen blockade; superseded by enzalutamide-class drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bicalutamide.md - Binimetinib (treatment): Binimetinib is the MEK inhibitor partnered with encorafenib; blocking the next step in the same relay stops the tumour rerouting around the BRAF block. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/binimetinib.md - BIO-106 (treatment): BIO-106 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from BiOneCure Therapeutics in phase 2 trials, aimed at TROP2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bio-106.md - Bleomycin (treatment): Bleomycin is the 'B' in BEP for testicular cancer and ABVD for Hodgkin lymphoma; its unique danger is scarring of the lungs, so lung function is monitored and it is often dropped when safe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bleomycin.md - Bleximenib (treatment): Bleximenib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Janssen Research & Development in phase 3 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bleximenib.md - Blinatumomab (treatment): Blinatumomab was the first T-cell engager (2014), and is now given to children and adults with leukaemia even when in remission, because it improves survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blinatumomab.md - BMS-986365 (treatment): BMS-986365 is an experimental protein degrader from Celgene in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at Androgen receptor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bms-986365.md - BNT113 (treatment): BNT113 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from BioNTech SE in phase 3 trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bnt113.md - BNT324 (treatment): BNT324 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from BioNTech SE in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at B7-H3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bnt324.md - Bomedemstat (treatment): Bomedemstat is an experimental small-molecule drug from Merck Sharp & Dohme in phase 3 trials for myeloproliferative neoplasms, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bomedemstat.md - Bortezomib (treatment): Bortezomib was the first proteasome inhibitor: it jams the cell's protein-recycling machine, which antibody-factory plasma cells cannot tolerate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bortezomib.md - Boserolimab (treatment): Boserolimab is a monoclonal antibody from Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boserolimab.md - Bosutinib (treatment): Bosutinib is a CML pill with less cardiovascular and pleural toxicity than its rivals; its main side effect is diarrhoea. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bosutinib.md - Botensilimab (treatment): Botensilimab is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Agenus in phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer, aimed at CTLA-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/botensilimab.md - BRACAnalysis CDx (treatment): The inherited BRCA test that decides who can have PARP inhibitor pills for ovarian, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bracanalysis-cdx.md - Breast Cancer Index (treatment): The only test designed to tell a woman who has finished five years of hormone therapy whether another five years is worth the side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-cancer-index.md - Brenetafusp (treatment): Brenetafusp is a soluble T-cell receptor bispecific, tebentafusp's successor, that recognises a PRAME peptide on HLA-A*02:01 and drags T cells onto the tumour. A phase 3 with nivolumab in first-line melanoma is enrolling, but only patients carrying HLA-A*02:01, about half of those of European ancestry, are eligible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brenetafusp.md - Brentuximab vedotin (treatment): The ADC that made the modern field credible (2011), for Hodgkin lymphoma and CD30+ lymphomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brentuximab-vedotin.md - Brexucabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Brexucabtagene autoleucel is the CAR-T therapy for mantle cell lymphoma and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, giving long remissions after BTK inhibitors fail. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brexucabtagene-autoleucel.md - Brigatinib (treatment): Brigatinib is an ALK pill with strong brain activity, approved first after crizotinib and then first line after beating it in ALTA-1L. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brigatinib.md - Budigalimab (treatment): Budigalimab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from AbbVie in phase 3 trials for hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/budigalimab.md - Buserelin (treatment): Buserelin is one of the original GnRH agonists, approved in Europe and Canada in the 1980s for advanced prostate cancer and also used in endometriosis and fertility treatment; it is not sold in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/buserelin.md - Busulfan (treatment): Busulfan is one of the oldest cancer drugs. As a tablet it controlled chronic myeloid leukaemia before imatinib; as an infusion it is used to clear the bone marrow before a stem cell transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/busulfan.md - Cabazitaxel (treatment): A second taxane that works after docetaxel and beat a second hormone pill head-to-head (CARD). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cabazitaxel.md - Cabozantinib (treatment): A pill that blocks both blood-vessel growth and the MET escape pathway, used in kidney, liver, thyroid and, since 2025, neuroendocrine cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cabozantinib.md - Cadonilimab (treatment): A Chinese two-armed antibody that blocks PD-1 and CTLA-4 together, approved in China for cervical cancer and extending survival even in PD-L1-negative tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cadonilimab.md - Calderasib (treatment): Calderasib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Merck Sharp & Dohme in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, aimed at KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/calderasib.md - CAM2029 (octreotide subcutaneous depot) (treatment): CAM2029 is Camurus's monthly octreotide depot that patients can inject themselves, positive in the phase 3 SORENTO trial for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours against the standard depot formulations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cam2029.md - Camizestrant (treatment): Camizestrant is an oral oestrogen-receptor degrader approved in September 2026 for a new kind of decision: switching treatment when a blood test shows resistance developing, before the cancer visibly grows. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/camizestrant.md - Camonsertib (treatment): Camonsertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from Hoffmann-La Roche, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/camonsertib.md - Camrelizumab (treatment): Camrelizumab is Jiangsu Hengrui's humanised PD-1 antibody, approved in China for oesophageal, liver and lung cancer but not in the US, where its liver cancer combination with rivoceranib drew complete response letters in 2024 and 2025 over manufacturing and inspection issues. Its signature side effect is reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation, a skin reaction seen in most patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/camrelizumab.md - Camrelizumab + rivoceranib (treatment): A Chinese immunotherapy-plus-anti-angiogenic pill combination that clearly beat sorafenib in liver cancer, yet remains unapproved in the US after three manufacturing-related rejections. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/camrelizumab-rivoceranib.md - Cancerguard (treatment): Exact Sciences' multi-cancer blood test, sold since 2025 as a lab test that has not been through FDA approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancerguard.md - Capecitabine (treatment): Capecitabine (Xeloda) is a tablet form of the chemotherapy fluorouracil. It is a backbone of treatment for bowel cancer and a standard option in advanced breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capecitabine.md - Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM) (treatment): CAPTEM (capecitabine plus temozolomide) is an all-oral chemotherapy pair that shrinks pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in about a third of patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capecitabine-temozolomide.md - Capivasertib (treatment): Capivasertib (Truqap) is the first AKT inhibitor, for breast cancer with PI3K-pathway mutations and, since 2026, for prostate cancer with PTEN loss. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capivasertib.md - Capmatinib (treatment): Capmatinib is a targeted pill for the small group of lung cancers driven by a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, found by tumour sequencing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capmatinib.md - Capmatinib & tepotinib (treatment): Capmatinib and tepotinib are two pills for the roughly 3% of lung cancers with a MET exon 14 skipping mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capmatinib-tepotinib.md - CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin) (treatment): CAPOX pairs the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine with intravenous oxaliplatin as a pill-based alternative to FOLFOX. For low-risk stage III colon cancer three months after surgery works as well as six and halves nerve damage; it is also standard in gastric cancer, with hand-foot syndrome as its price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capox.md - Carboplatin (treatment): Carboplatin is a platinum chemotherapy that crosslinks DNA; it is part of the standard pre-surgery regimen for triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carboplatin.md - Carfilzomib (treatment): Carfilzomib is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor with less nerve damage but more heart and blood-pressure effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carfilzomib.md - Carmustine (treatment): Carmustine is a chemotherapy that reaches the brain. It is given by infusion for brain tumours, lymphoma and myeloma, and as a slow-release wafer left in the cavity after a brain tumour is removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carmustine.md - CART84 (treatment): CART84 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Gyala Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia, aimed at CD3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cart84.md - Catumaxomab (treatment): Catumaxomab (Korjuny) is an antibody infused into the abdominal cavity to control malignant ascites, the build-up of fluid caused by cancers such as ovarian and stomach cancer, in people who have run out of other treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/catumaxomab.md - CD19 t-haNK (treatment): CD19 t-haNK is an experimental cell therapy whose type is not stated from ImmunityBio in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd19-t-hank.md - Cemiplimab (treatment): A PD-1 blocker that is the standard for advanced skin squamous cell carcinoma, and in 2025 became the first adjuvant immunotherapy for it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cemiplimab.md - Ceralasertib (treatment): Ceralasertib is an experimental small-molecule drug from AstraZeneca in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer, aimed at ATR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ceralasertib.md - Ceritinib (treatment): Ceritinib is a second-generation ALK pill for lung cancer, effective after crizotinib but with gastrointestinal toxicity that limited uptake. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ceritinib.md - CERVAVAC (quadrivalent HPV vaccine, India) (treatment): India's first home-made HPV vaccine, protecting against the two virus types that cause most cervical cancers and the two that cause genital warts, at a price meant for a national programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cervavac.md - Cetrelimab (treatment): Cetrelimab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Janssen Research & Development in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cetrelimab.md - Cetuximab (treatment): Cetuximab is a chimeric antibody that blocks the EGFR growth receptor. It is used with FOLFIRI or FOLFOX in RAS wild-type, left-sided bowel cancer, with encorafenib in BRAF V600E disease, with KRAS G12C inhibitors, and with radiation or chemotherapy in head and neck cancer; RAS-mutant tumours gain nothing and may be harmed, so RAS testing comes first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cetuximab.md - Cetuximab sarotalocan (treatment): Cetuximab sarotalocan is an EGFR antibody carrying a light-activated dye: after infusion, a red laser is shone on the tumour and the cells burst. It has been approved in Japan since 2020. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cetuximab-sarotalocan.md - Cevostamab (treatment): Cevostamab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Hoffmann-La Roche in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cevostamab.md - CGT4859 (treatment): CGT4859 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Cogent Biosciences in phase 2 trials for biliary tract cancer, aimed at FGFR2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cgt4859.md - Chiauranib (treatment): Chiauranib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Chipscreen Biosciences in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, aimed at VEGF / VEGFR and KIT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chiauranib.md - Chlorambucil (treatment): Chlorambucil (Leukeran) is a gentle oral chemotherapy tablet used for decades in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and low-grade lymphomas, mainly in older patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chlorambucil.md - Choline C-11 (treatment): Choline C-11 was the first PET tracer approved in the United States, in 2012, to find where prostate cancer has come back when PSA rises after treatment; PSMA tracers have now largely replaced it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/choline-c11.md - Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Ciltacabtagene autoleucel is a one-time BCMA CAR-T for myeloma that, in CARTITUDE-4, cut the risk of death by about 45% compared with standard regimens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ciltacabtagene-autoleucel.md - Cinacalcet (treatment): Cinacalcet is a tablet that quiets overactive parathyroid tissue, approved in 2004 and labelled for the dangerous high calcium levels of parathyroid carcinoma, a rare cancer where surgery often cannot remove all the hormone-producing tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cinacalcet.md - Cinrebafusp alfa (treatment): Cinrebafusp alfa is an experimental fusion protein from Pieris Pharmaceuticals in phase 2 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cinrebafusp-alfa.md - Cisplatin (treatment): Cisplatin is the original platinum chemotherapy, discovered by accident in 1965; it cures testicular cancer and makes radiation work better in cervical and head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cisplatin.md - Cladribine (treatment): A one-week infusion that puts most people with hairy cell leukaemia into remission for years; also used in multiple sclerosis in tablet form. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cladribine.md - Clifutinib (treatment): Clifutinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Sunshine Lake Pharma in phase 3 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clifutinib.md - Clofarabine (treatment): Clofarabine (Clolar) is an infusion for children and young adults whose acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has come back after at least two other treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clofarabine.md - clonoSEQ (treatment): A DNA test that counts leftover leukaemia, myeloma or lymphoma cells down to one in a million, used to decide whether treatment has really worked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clonoseq.md - cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (treatment): The lung cancer gene test that became the first blood-based companion diagnostic the FDA ever approved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cobas-egfr-mutation-test.md - Cobimetinib (treatment): Cobimetinib is the MEK partner for vemurafenib, and the first drug approved for histiocytic neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cobimetinib.md - Cobolimab (treatment): Cobolimab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from GlaxoSmithKline in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma and hodgkin lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cobolimab.md - Cologuard (treatment): A home stool test done every three years that looks for cancer DNA and hidden blood; a positive result means you need a colonoscopy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cologuard.md - Cologuard Plus (treatment): The updated Cologuard, approved in 2024, which keeps the high cancer detection rate while causing fewer false alarms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cologuard-plus.md - Copanlisib (treatment): Copanlisib is an intravenous PI3K inhibitor for relapsed follicular lymphoma, approved in 2017 and withdrawn in 2023 when its confirmatory trial failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/copanlisib.md - Cosibelimab (treatment): Cosibelimab is a PD-L1 antibody approved in December 2024 for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, offering a third immunotherapy choice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cosibelimab.md - CPX-351 (liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine) (treatment): The two old chemotherapy drugs packed together into tiny fat bubbles at a fixed ratio, which doubled five-year survival in older adults with high-risk AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cpx-351.md - CRB-701 (treatment): CRB-701 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Corbus Pharmaceuticals in phase 2 trials, aimed at Nectin-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crb-701.md - CRC01 (treatment): CRC01 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Curocell in phase 2 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crc01.md - Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec (treatment): Cretostimogene is a virus engineered to multiply only in bladder cancer cells with a broken RB pathway, instilled into the bladder. It cleared carcinoma in situ in 75% of BCG-unresponsive patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cretostimogene.md - Crizotinib (treatment): Crizotinib was the first ALK inhibitor, approved four years after ALK fusions were found in lung cancer; it was also the first drug for ROS1 lung cancer and for ALK-positive lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crizotinib.md - CT3001 (treatment): CT3001 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Crossignal Therapeutics, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ct3001.md - CTX112 (treatment): CTX112 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from CRISPR Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and follicular lymphoma, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctx112.md - Cusatuzumab (treatment): Cusatuzumab is an experimental monoclonal antibody from OncoVerity in phase 2 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia, aimed at CD70. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cusatuzumab.md - Cxbladder (treatment): A urine test that can rule out bladder cancer in people with blood in their urine, so fewer need a camera examination of the bladder. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cxbladder.md - Cyclophosphamide (treatment): Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating chemotherapy that damages DNA in dividing cells. It is part of CHOP for lymphoma, AC for breast cancer and VAC for childhood sarcomas, clears lymphocytes before CAR-T and prevents graft-versus-host disease after transplant; bladder bleeding, infertility and secondary leukaemia are its harms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cyclophosphamide.md - CYH33 (treatment): CYH33 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Haihe Biopharma Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cyh33.md - Cytarabine (treatment): Cytarabine is the core chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia, given with an anthracycline as the classic 7+3 induction and at high doses for consolidation; it is also injected into the spinal fluid to treat or prevent leukaemia in the brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytarabine.md - Cytarabine + anthracycline ('7+3') (treatment): The intensive chemotherapy that has induced remission in fit AML patients since 1973: seven days of one drug, three of another. Still the backbone that targeted drugs are added to. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytarabine-7-3.md - D-0502 (treatment): D-0502 is an experimental small-molecule drug from InventisBio in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/d-0502.md - D07001 (treatment): D07001 is an experimental small-molecule drug from InnoPharmax in phase 3 trials for biliary tract cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/d07001.md - Dabrafenib (treatment): Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) is a capsule that switches off the faulty BRAF protein driving some melanomas, lung, thyroid and other cancers. It is almost always paired with trametinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dabrafenib.md - Dabrafenib + trametinib (treatment): Dabrafenib plus trametinib is the BRAF-plus-MEK pill combination, approved for BRAF V600E lung cancer and, since 2022, for any solid tumour with that mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dabrafenib-trametinib.md - Dacarbazine (treatment): Dacarbazine is an older chemotherapy infusion. It was the standard treatment for advanced melanoma for decades and is the D in the ABVD regimen that cures most Hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dacarbazine.md - Dacomitinib (treatment): A second-generation EGFR pill that beat gefitinib on survival in EGFR-mutant lung cancer but was quickly overshadowed by osimertinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dacomitinib.md - Dactinomycin (actinomycin D) (treatment): The first antibiotic used as an anticancer drug (1954) and still the core of chemotherapy for Wilms tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma and gestational trophoblastic disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dactinomycin.md - Dalpiciclib (treatment): Dalpiciclib is Hengrui's CDK4/6 inhibitor, the first China-developed drug of the class, approved for hormone-driven advanced breast cancer on the DAWNA trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dalpiciclib.md - Daratumumab (treatment): The CD38 antibody that turned triplets into quadruplets: adding it to standard induction roughly halves the risk of myeloma progressing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daratumumab.md - Daraxonrasib (treatment): The first drug that blocks all active RAS variants, approved by the FDA in August 2026 for metastatic pancreatic cancer, where KRAS drives 90% of tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daraxonrasib.md - Darbepoetin alfa (treatment): Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) is a longer-acting version of erythropoietin given every one to three weeks to treat anaemia caused by chemotherapy, reducing transfusions but with the same warnings about clots and tumour growth as epoetin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/darbepoetin-alfa.md - Darolutamide (treatment): Darolutamide is an AR blocker that barely enters the brain, so it causes fewer falls and cognitive side effects; it is approved with and without chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/darolutamide.md - Darovasertib (treatment): Darovasertib is an experimental small-molecule drug from IDEAYA Biosciences in phase 3 trials for uveal melanoma and melanoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/darovasertib.md - Dasatinib (treatment): Dasatinib is a second-generation BCR::ABL1 pill that, combined with the immunotherapy blinatumomab, can put Ph-positive ALL into deep remission with no chemotherapy at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dasatinib.md - Datopotamab deruxtecan (treatment): Datopotamab deruxtecan (Datroway) is the second TROP2 ADC and shares Enhertu's payload. In 2026 it became a first-line option for triple-negative breast cancer patients who cannot receive immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/datopotamab-deruxtecan.md - Daunorubicin (treatment): Daunorubicin is the anthracycline most often combined with cytarabine to bring acute myeloid leukaemia into remission; it is also part of induction for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daunorubicin.md - DCVax-L (treatment): A personalised vaccine made from the patient's own immune cells and tumour. Its 20-year-old phase 3 trial reported longer survival, but the way the result was analysed has divided the field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dcvax-l.md - Decipher Prostate (treatment): A 22-gene test on the biopsy or surgical specimen that predicts spread and death, used to decide on surveillance or adding hormone therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/decipher-prostate.md - Decitabine (treatment): Decitabine (Dacogen) is an infusion that loosens the chemical silencing of genes in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia, helping the bone marrow work again. An oral version combined with cedazuridine has its own record. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/decitabine.md - Decitabine + cedazuridine (oral) (treatment): Oral decitabine-cedazuridine is a pill version of the hypomethylating chemotherapy that, since May 2026, lets older AML patients take their whole venetoclax regimen at home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/decitabine-cedazuridine.md - Defibrotide (treatment): Defibrotide (Defitelio) is the only approved treatment for hepatic veno-occlusive disease, a life-threatening liver complication of high-dose chemotherapy before stem cell transplant, in patients whose kidneys or lungs are also failing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/defibrotide.md - Degarelix (treatment): An injectable hormone blocker for prostate cancer that lowers testosterone within days without the initial surge caused by agonists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/degarelix.md - Denileukin diftitox (treatment): Denileukin diftitox (Lymphir) is an infusion that uses the interleukin-2 signal as a homing device to deliver a bacterial toxin into cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells. It was withdrawn in 2014 and returned in an improved form in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/denileukin-diftitox.md - Denosumab (treatment): Denosumab is an injection under the skin that blocks the signal driving bone breakdown. As Xgeva it prevents fractures and other bone complications in people whose cancer has spread to bone or who have myeloma; as Prolia it treats osteoporosis, including bone loss caused by hormone therapy for breast and prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/denosumab.md - Dexamethasone (treatment): Dexamethasone is a long-acting glucocorticoid steroid that kills lymphoid cancer cells directly, which is why it sits in nearly every myeloma regimen and in childhood leukaemia and lymphoma protocols. It is also the standard drug for preventing chemotherapy sickness and for brain swelling and spinal cord compression; high blood sugar, insomnia, muscle wasting and infection follow prolonged use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dexamethasone.md - Dexrazoxane (treatment): Dexrazoxane protects the heart from the cumulative damage of doxorubicin in women with metastatic breast cancer who need to keep receiving it, and, as Totect, limits tissue destruction when an anthracycline leaks out of a vein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dexrazoxane.md - Diethylstilbestrol (treatment): Diethylstilbestrol was the first hormonal treatment for prostate cancer, standard from the 1940s, and was also given for breast cancer, before its cardiovascular harms and the cancers it caused in the daughters of women who took it in pregnancy ended its use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diethylstilbestrol.md - Dinutuximab (ch14.18) / dinutuximab beta (treatment): The antibody that raised cure rates in high-risk childhood neuroblastoma by about 20 points when given after transplant with immune boosters and retinoid. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dinutuximab.md - Disitamab vedotin (treatment): Disitamab vedotin is a Chinese HER2 ADC approved for gastric and bladder cancer, now in global trials with Pfizer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/disitamab-vedotin.md - Divarasib (treatment): Divarasib is Roche's KRAS G12C pill, the first to beat the two approved KRAS drugs head-to-head (July 2026). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/divarasib.md - DJI136 (treatment): DJI136 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Novartis Pharmaceuticals in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at DLL3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dji136.md - DOC1021 (treatment): DOC1021 is a cancer vaccine from Diakonos Oncology Corporation, in registered phase 2 trials for glioma & glioblastoma, melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/doc1021.md - Docetaxel (treatment): The first chemotherapy to extend life in prostate cancer (2004), now part of triplet therapy at first metastatic diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/docetaxel.md - Dolasetron (treatment): Dolasetron is one of the serotonin-blocking antiemetics that transformed chemotherapy in the 1990s, approved in 1997 to prevent nausea and vomiting; its intravenous form lost its chemotherapy indication in 2010 because of heart rhythm effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dolasetron.md - Domvanalimab (treatment): Domvanalimab is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Gilead Sciences in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder & urothelial cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/domvanalimab.md - Donafenib (treatment): Donafenib is a Chinese redesign of sorafenib that lived longer than the original in a head-to-head liver cancer trial and is approved in China as a first-line option. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/donafenib.md - Dordaviprone (treatment): Dordaviprone is the first drug ever approved for a lethal childhood and young-adult brain tumour, diffuse midline glioma with the H3 K27M mutation (August 2025). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dordaviprone.md - Dorocubicel (UM171-expanded cord blood) (treatment): Zemcelpro is a laboratory-expanded umbilical cord blood transplant for adults with blood cancers who need a donor stem cell transplant but have no suitable matched donor; expanding the cells lets a single small cord blood unit be enough. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dorocubicel.md - Dostarlimab (treatment): Dostarlimab is a PD-1 blocker famous for making rectal cancer disappear without surgery in every patient with a mismatch-repair-deficient tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dostarlimab.md - Doxifluridine (treatment): Doxifluridine is an oral fluorouracil prodrug approved in Japan in 1987 and used in China and Korea for stomach, bowel and breast cancers; capecitabine, which the body turns into doxifluridine, later carried the same idea to the rest of the world. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/doxifluridine.md - Doxorubicin (treatment): The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/doxorubicin.md - DR-01 (treatment): DR-01 is a monoclonal antibody from Dren Bio, in registered phase 2 trials for peripheral T-cell lymphomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dr-01.md - Dronabinol (treatment): Dronabinol is synthetic THC in a capsule, approved in 1985 for chemotherapy nausea and vomiting that other antiemetics have failed to control, and later for appetite loss in AIDS; it sits well behind the 5-HT3 and NK1 antagonists in today's guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dronabinol.md - Durvalumab (treatment): A PD-L1 blocker that became standard after chemoradiation for stage III lung cancer, and now in bladder, biliary, and gastric cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/durvalumab.md - Duvelisib (treatment): A dual PI3K inhibitor for relapsed CLL whose survival data raised FDA concern; use is now limited to late lines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/duvelisib.md - DZD8586 (treatment): DZD8586 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Dizal Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dzd8586.md - E-EDV-D682 (treatment): E-EDV-D682 is an experimental EDV nanocell (bacterial minicell) drug conjugate from Engeneic Pty in phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aimed at EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/e-edv-d682.md - EB-CAR30-NK (treatment): EB-CAR30-NK is an experimental CAR-NK cell therapy from Beijing Biotech in phase 2 trials for thymoma and thymic carcinoma, aimed at CD30. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eb-car30-nk.md - EB-MF-CAR-NK-01 (treatment): EB-MF-CAR-NK-01 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Beijing Biotech in phase 2 trials for mesothelioma, aimed at Mesothelin and FAP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eb-mf-car-nk-01.md - EB-NK-301 (treatment): EB-NK-301 is an experimental CAR-NK cell therapy from Beijing Biotech in phase 2 trials, aimed at TROP2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eb-nk-301.md - Efbemalenograstim alfa (treatment): Efbemalenograstim alfa (Ryzneuta) is a once-per-cycle white cell booster, an alternative to pegfilgrastim, that reduces the risk of febrile infections after chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/efbemalenograstim-alfa.md - Eflapegrastim (treatment): Eflapegrastim is a once-per-cycle white cell growth factor approved in the United States in 2022 to prevent infections when chemotherapy for solid tumours knocks down neutrophils, an alternative to pegfilgrastim. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eflapegrastim.md - Eflornithine (DFMO) (treatment): Eflornithine (DFMO) is an old sleeping-sickness drug repurposed as the first oral maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma, approved in December 2023 to reduce relapse after immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eflornithine.md - EIK1001 (treatment): EIK1001 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Eikon Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eik1001.md - EIK1005 (treatment): EIK1005 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Eikon Therapeutics, in registered phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eik1005.md - Elacestrant (treatment): Elacestrant was the first oral oestrogen-receptor degrader (2023), for ESR1-mutant breast cancer detected by blood test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elacestrant.md - Elenestinib (treatment): Elenestinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Blueprint Medicines in phase 3 trials for systemic mastocytosis, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elenestinib.md - ELI-002 7P (treatment): A ready-made vaccine against the seven commonest KRAS mutations, given after pancreatic cancer surgery. Its phase 2 missed the main goal in 2026 but showed signs of activity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eli-002-7p.md - Elironrasib (treatment): A next-generation KRAS G12C drug that hits the active form of the protein, from the same company as daraxonrasib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elironrasib.md - Elotuzumab (treatment): An immune-stimulating antibody for myeloma that works only in combination, adding benefit to lenalidomide or pomalidomide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elotuzumab.md - Elranatamab (treatment): Elranatamab is Pfizer's BCMA bispecific, given under the skin every week then every two weeks, for myeloma after four prior lines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elranatamab.md - Elritercept (treatment): Elritercept is Keros and Takeda's ligand trap for the anaemia of myelodysplastic syndromes, a relative of luspatercept, in phase 3 trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elritercept.md - Eltrombopag (treatment): Eltrombopag is a daily tablet that raises platelet counts by stimulating the bone marrow; it is approved for immune thrombocytopenia and severe aplastic anaemia, and haematologists also use it when low platelets complicate blood cancers and their treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eltrombopag.md - Emactuzumab (treatment): Emactuzumab is an experimental monoclonal antibody from SynOx Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for tenosynovial giant cell tumour, aimed at CSF1R. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emactuzumab.md - Emapalumab (treatment): Emapalumab switches off interferon gamma, the signal behind the runaway immune activation of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a condition that can also be triggered by lymphoma and by CAR-T therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emapalumab.md - Emavusertib (treatment): Emavusertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from Curis, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, brain and spinal cord tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emavusertib.md - Enasidenib (treatment): Enasidenib is the IDH2 counterpart of ivosidenib, approved in the US for relapsed disease but never approved in Europe after it failed to extend survival in a confirmatory trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enasidenib.md - ENB003 (treatment): ENB003 is a small-molecule antagonist from ENB Therapeutics, Inc, in registered phase 2 trials for melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enb003.md - Encorafenib (treatment): Encorafenib is a BRAF inhibitor that, with cetuximab and chemotherapy, became first-line standard for BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/encorafenib.md - EndoPredict (treatment): A 12-gene test that combines gene activity with tumour size and lymph nodes to say whether hormone therapy alone is enough, and whether to continue it beyond five years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endopredict.md - Enfortumab vedotin (treatment): Enfortumab vedotin is an ADC against Nectin-4 that, combined with pembrolizumab, nearly doubled survival in advanced bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enfortumab-vedotin.md - Englumafusp alfa (treatment): Englumafusp alfa is an experimental fusion protein from Hoffmann-La Roche in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/englumafusp-alfa.md - Ensartinib (treatment): A Chinese-developed ALK pill approved in the US in December 2024 for first-line ALK-positive lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ensartinib.md - Entrectinib (treatment): Entrectinib (Rozlytrek) is a pill for NTRK-fusion cancers and ROS1 lung cancer that reaches brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/entrectinib.md - ENV-501 (treatment): ENV-501 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Hummingbird Bioscience in phase 2 trials for melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at HER3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/env-501.md - Envafolimab (treatment): Envafolimab is the first PD-L1 antibody given as a quick injection under the skin rather than an infusion, approved in China for advanced tumours with mismatch-repair deficiency. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/envafolimab.md - Enzalutamide (treatment): Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen-receptor blocker that stops the receptor binding testosterone, entering the nucleus and switching on genes. It is approved at every stage of advanced prostate cancer, from rising PSA after surgery to castration-resistant disease, and fatigue, falls and memory problems are its main drawbacks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enzalutamide.md - EP0031 (treatment): EP0031 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Ellipses Pharma in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at RET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ep0031.md - EP0062 (treatment): EP0062 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Ellipses Pharma in phase 2 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at Androgen receptor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ep0062.md - Epacadostat (treatment): An enzyme blocker meant to stop tumours starving T cells of tryptophan. Its 2018 phase 3 failure ended an entire class overnight. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epacadostat.md - Epcoritamab (treatment): Epcoritamab is an under-the-skin injection that pulls T cells onto lymphoma cells; it is approved for relapsed large B-cell and follicular lymphoma, and moving toward first line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epcoritamab.md - Epirubicin (treatment): Epirubicin (Ellence) is a close relative of doxorubicin used mainly after breast cancer surgery when lymph nodes are involved, and in stomach cancer regimens; it is a little kinder to the heart. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epirubicin.md - Epoetin alfa (treatment): Epoetin alfa is a manufactured version of the kidney hormone that tells the bone marrow to make red blood cells. In cancer it treats anaemia caused by chemotherapy and reduces the need for transfusions, but it is used cautiously because it can shorten survival and cause clots. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epoetin-alfa.md - Eprenetapopt (treatment): Eprenetapopt (APR-246) was a drug meant to refold mutant p53, the most common broken protein in cancer. Its phase 3 in blood cancer failed in 2020. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eprenetapopt.md - Equecabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Equecabtagene autoleucel is a BCMA CAR-T from IASO Bio and Innovent, approved in China in June 2023 for multiple myeloma that has returned after at least three lines of treatment. In the FUMANBA-1 trial about 96% of infused patients responded, most with deep minimal-residual-disease-negative remissions and few severe cytokine release reactions; it competes with cilta-cel and zevor-cel in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/equecabtagene-autoleucel.md - Erdafitinib (treatment): The first targeted pill for bladder cancer, for the roughly 20% of tumours with FGFR3 alterations, used after immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erdafitinib.md - Eribulin (treatment): A sea-sponge-derived chemotherapy that extended survival in heavily pretreated breast cancer and in liposarcoma, where almost nothing else had. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eribulin.md - Erlotinib (treatment): Erlotinib was one of the first EGFR pills for lung cancer; it was approved before anyone knew EGFR mutations predicted who would respond, then redefined by them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erlotinib.md - ESG401 (treatment): ESG401 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Qilu Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for triple-negative breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esg401.md - Estramustine (treatment): Estramustine is an oral prostate cancer drug that combines an oestrogen with an alkylating agent, approved in the United States in 1981 for metastatic disease and later combined with taxanes, though its clotting risk has pushed it out of routine use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/estramustine.md - Ethiodized oil (treatment): Lipiodol is an iodine-rich oil injected into the liver's artery that lodges in liver tumours; it lets radiologists see them on CT and is the vehicle that carries chemotherapy into the tumour in conventional chemoembolisation for liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ethiodized-oil.md - Etoposide (treatment): Etoposide is a chemotherapy from the mayapple plant, essential to curing testicular cancer (BEP), treating small-cell lung cancer, lymphomas, childhood sarcomas and leukaemias, and used in transplant conditioning. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/etoposide.md - Everolimus (treatment): An mTOR-blocking pill that doubled progression-free time with exemestane in 2012 and is now paired with the oral SERD giredestrant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/everolimus.md - Evexomostat (treatment): Evexomostat is a small-molecule inhibitor from SynDevRx, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evexomostat.md - EVM14 (treatment): EVM14 is a cancer vaccine from Everest Medicines (Beijing) Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evm14.md - Evorpacept (treatment): Evorpacept is an experimental immune checkpoint modulator from ALX Oncology in phase 3 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evorpacept.md - Exemestane (treatment): Exemestane is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, the partner of everolimus and the agent tested with ovarian suppression in young women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exemestane.md - F182112 (treatment): F182112 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/f182112.md - FAP-2286 (177Lu / 68Ga) (treatment): A FAP-targeted theranostic pair: one version images almost any solid tumour, the other treats it with radiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fap-2286.md - Farletuzumab ecteribulin (treatment): Farletuzumab ecteribulin is an antibody-drug conjugate from Eisai Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/farletuzumab-ecteribulin.md - Farletuzumab-exatecan (treatment): Farletuzumab-exatecan is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical in phase 2 trials, aimed at Folate receptor alpha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/farletuzumab-exatecan.md - Favezelimab (treatment): Favezelimab is Merck's LAG-3 antibody, tested with pembrolizumab in phase 3 trials in colorectal cancer and classical Hodgkin lymphoma; the colorectal trial did not succeed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/favezelimab.md - FDA018-ADC (treatment): FDA018-ADC is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for triple-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fda018-adc.md - Fedratinib (treatment): A second JAK inhibitor for myelofibrosis that works after ruxolitinib fails; it carries a boxed warning for a rare brain toxicity (Wernicke encephalopathy) so thiamine is checked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fedratinib.md - Feladilimab (treatment): Feladilimab is a monoclonal antibody from GlaxoSmithKline, in registered phase 2 trials for multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/feladilimab.md - Fianlimab (treatment): Fianlimab is Regeneron's LAG-3 blocking antibody, paired with the PD-1 blocker cemiplimab. A 60% phase 1 response rate in untreated melanoma prompted phase 3 trials, but the metastatic trial against pembrolizumab missed its progression endpoint in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fianlimab.md - Ficerafusp alfa (treatment): Ficerafusp alfa is an EGFR antibody fused to a TGF-beta sponge, designed to remove the immune-suppressing signal that keeps HPV-negative throat cancers cold. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ficerafusp-alfa.md - Ficlatuzumab (treatment): Ficlatuzumab is an experimental monoclonal antibody from AVEO Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ficlatuzumab.md - Filgrastim (G-CSF) (treatment): Filgrastim (Neupogen and its biosimilars) is a daily injection that speeds the recovery of infection-fighting white cells after chemotherapy, lets doctors give chemotherapy on schedule and mobilises stem cells for transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/filgrastim.md - Flonoltinib (treatment): Flonoltinib is an oral kinase inhibitor from Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, in registered phase 2 trials for myeloproliferative neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flonoltinib.md - Florastamin F-18 (treatment): Florastamin is FutureChem's fluorine-18 PSMA PET tracer from South Korea, in phase 3 trials for staging high-risk and recurrent prostate cancer alongside the established PSMA agents. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/florastamin-f18.md - FLOT (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel) (treatment): FLOT is the four-drug chemotherapy given before and after surgery for stomach cancer in the West; since 2025 immunotherapy is added to it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flot.md - Flotufolastat F-18 (treatment): Flotufolastat is a third PSMA PET tracer, with a radiohybrid chemistry designed to be reused for therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flotufolastat.md - Floxuridine (treatment): Floxuridine is a cousin of fluorouracil pumped directly into the liver's artery to treat bowel cancer that has spread to the liver, delivering a very high local dose with little reaching the rest of the body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/floxuridine.md - Fluciclovine F-18 (treatment): Fluciclovine F-18 was the first PET tracer approved for finding recurrent prostate cancer after treatment (2016), and has been largely superseded since 2020 by PSMA PET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fluciclovine-f18.md - Fludarabine (treatment): Fludarabine is a chemotherapy infusion for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. It anchored the FCR regimen that was the first to give long remissions, and today it is used above all to prepare patients for CAR-T cells and transplants. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fludarabine.md - Fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) (treatment): The radioactive sugar used in almost every cancer PET scan, approved in the 1990s and made fresh each day by regional cyclotrons. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fludeoxyglucose-f18.md - Flumatinib (treatment): Flumatinib is Hansoh Pharma's second-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor, approved in China in 2019 for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flumatinib.md - Fluoroestradiol F-18 (FES PET) (treatment): A PET scan that shows which breast cancer deposits still have oestrogen receptors, helping decide whether hormone therapy will work when biopsy is impractical. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fluoroestradiol-f18.md - Fluorouracil (5-FU) (treatment): The 1957 chemotherapy that remains the backbone of treatment for bowel, stomach, pancreatic, anal, head and neck and breast cancers, and as a cream for skin precancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fluorouracil.md - Fluoxymesterone (treatment): Fluoxymesterone is an oral male hormone approved in 1956 and once used to palliate advanced breast cancer in women, an approach abandoned when better tolerated antioestrogens and aromatase inhibitors arrived. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fluoxymesterone.md - Flutamide (treatment): Flutamide was the first tablet to block testosterone at the prostate cancer cell. It is taken with an injection that stops testosterone production, but newer drugs have largely replaced it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flutamide.md - Fluzoparib (treatment): Fluzoparib is an oral parp inhibitor from Risen (Suzhou) Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fluzoparib.md - FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan) (treatment): FOLFIRI is the other backbone bowel-cancer chemotherapy, swapping oxaliplatin for irinotecan. Used first or second line and, since 2026, with the BRAF combination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/folfiri.md - FOLFIRINOX / mFOLFIRINOX (treatment): FOLFIRINOX is a four-drug chemotherapy combination that, in 2011, became the first treatment to meaningfully extend life in metastatic pancreatic cancer; it is now the standard before and after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/folfirinox.md - FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) (treatment): FOLFOX is the workhorse chemotherapy combination for bowel cancer, used after surgery to cure and in advanced disease as the backbone that targeted drugs are added to. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/folfox.md - Formestane (treatment): Formestane, launched in Europe in 1993, was the first selective aromatase inhibitor for advanced breast cancer, given by injection every two weeks; oral exemestane and the non-steroidal inhibitors made it redundant within a few years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/formestane.md - Fostamatinib (treatment): Fostamatinib is a tablet that blocks the enzyme SYK so the spleen stops destroying antibody-coated platelets; it is approved for chronic immune thrombocytopenia and was first trialled as a lymphoma drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fostamatinib.md - FoundationOne CDx / Liquid CDx (treatment): The FDA-approved tissue (324 genes) and blood genomic tests that serve as companion diagnostics for dozens of drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foundationone-cdx.md - FPI-2265 (treatment): FPI-2265 is an experimental radioligand therapy from Fusion Pharmaceuticals in phase 2 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at PSMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fpi-2265.md - Fruquintinib (treatment): A Chinese-discovered pill that blocks the blood-vessel receptors, approved in 2023 for bowel cancer after all standard treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fruquintinib.md - Fulvestrant (treatment): Fulvestrant is a monthly intramuscular injection that degrades the oestrogen receptor rather than blocking it, the endocrine backbone paired with CDK4/6, PI3K and AKT inhibitors once aromatase inhibitors fail. Slow uptake and incomplete receptor degradation drove the search for oral degraders. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fulvestrant.md - Fulzerasib (treatment): Fulzerasib was the first KRAS G12C-blocking pill approved in China, for lung cancers carrying that mutation after earlier treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fulzerasib.md - Furmonertinib (treatment): Furmonertinib is a Chinese lung cancer pill of the same class as osimertinib, which more than doubled the time before cancer grew compared with gefitinib in the FURLONG trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/furmonertinib.md - Futibatinib (treatment): Futibatinib is a covalent FGFR inhibitor for FGFR2-fusion bile duct cancer, with the highest response rate of the first-generation drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/futibatinib.md - Galleri (treatment): A blood test screening for more than 50 cancers at once, before the FDA in September 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/galleri.md - Gallium-68 DOTATATE (and Cu-64 DOTATATE) (treatment): The PET scan for neuroendocrine tumours that finds far more disease than older scans and confirms eligibility for lutetium radioligand therapy (the theranostic pair). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ga68-dotatate.md - Gallium-68 gozetotide (PSMA-11) (treatment): Gallium-68 PSMA-11 was the first PSMA PET tracer approved in the US (2020), and is made on site from a generator or cyclotron. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ga68-psma-11.md - Garsorasib (treatment): Garsorasib is InventisBio's KRAS G12C-blocking pill, approved in China in 2024 for previously treated lung cancer with that mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/garsorasib.md - GC012F (treatment): GC012F is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Gracell Biotechnologies (Shanghai) in phase 2 trials for multiple myeloma, aimed at CD19 and BCMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gc012f.md - GC101 TIL (treatment): GC101 TIL is an experimental tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy from Shanghai Juncell Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for melanoma, aimed at PD-1 and BRAF. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gc101-til.md - Gecacitinib (treatment): Gecacitinib is an oral kinase inhibitor from Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, in registered phase 2 trials for cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gecacitinib.md - Gedatolisib (treatment): An intravenous drug that blocks the whole PI3K/mTOR pathway, approved in July 2026 for hormone-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gedatolisib.md - Gefitinib (treatment): The lung-cancer pill whose dramatic responses in a few patients led to the discovery of EGFR mutations in 2004. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gefitinib.md - Gemcitabine (treatment): A versatile chemotherapy used in pancreatic, bladder, lung, ovarian, breast and biliary cancers, in nasopharyngeal cancer, and as a bladder instillation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemcitabine.md - Gemcitabine + cisplatin (treatment): Gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been the chemotherapy backbone for bile duct cancer since 2010 and is now given with immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemcitabine-cisplatin.md - Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel (treatment): Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is the gentler of the two standard chemotherapy backbones for pancreatic cancer, and the base on which most new drugs are being tested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel.md - Gemcitabine intravesical system (TAR-200) (treatment): TAR-200 is a small pretzel-shaped device placed in the bladder that releases gemcitabine for three weeks at a time. It was approved in 2025 for early bladder cancer that no longer responds to BCG. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tar-200.md - Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (treatment): Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) is an anti-CD33 antibody linked to the DNA-cutting payload calicheamicin, the first ADC approved, in 2000 for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. An unstable linker and no benefit in a confirmatory trial led to withdrawal in 2010; it returned in 2017 at a lower fractionated dose, with liver toxicity, including veno-occlusive disease, its defining risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemtuzumab-ozogamicin.md - GFH375 (treatment): GFH375 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Genfleet Therapeutics (Shanghai) in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gfh375.md - Gilteritinib (treatment): A single pill that beats salvage chemotherapy for relapsed FLT3-mutated AML, and the backbone of the triplets now being tested in frontline disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gilteritinib.md - Giredestrant (treatment): Giredestrant is Roche's oral SERD: it failed to beat an aromatase inhibitor in first-line metastatic disease but succeeded after surgery and after CDK4/6 failure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giredestrant.md - Givinostat (treatment): Givinostat is an experimental small-molecule drug from Italfarmaco in phase 3 trials for myeloproliferative neoplasms, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/givinostat.md - Glasdegib (treatment): Glasdegib is a hedgehog-pathway pill that, with low-dose chemotherapy, extends survival in older AML patients who cannot have intensive treatment; it has largely been displaced by venetoclax combinations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glasdegib.md - Glecirasib (treatment): Glecirasib is Jacobio's KRAS G12C inhibitor, approved in China in 2024 for previously treated non-small cell lung cancer with that mutation, and in a phase 3 trial against docetaxel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glecirasib.md - Glofitamab (treatment): Glofitamab is a fixed-duration bispecific for large B-cell lymphoma, with OS benefit when combined with chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glofitamab.md - GLSI-100 (treatment): GLSI-100 is an experimental cancer vaccine from Greenwich LifeSciences in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glsi-100.md - Glucarpidase (treatment): Glucarpidase (Voraxaze) is a single emergency injection that chops up methotrexate in the blood when a patient's kidneys have failed to clear a high dose, preventing potentially fatal toxicity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glucarpidase.md - Glumetinib (treatment): Glumetinib is a Chinese MET inhibitor approved in 2023 for lung cancers with MET exon 14 skipping, one of three such drugs approved in China and now in a phase 3 trial in gastric cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glumetinib.md - Golcadomide (treatment): Golcadomide is a next-generation lenalidomide-like pill that degrades two lymphoma transcription factors far more potently, now in phase 3 with R-CHOP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/golcadomide.md - Golidocitinib (treatment): Golidocitinib is Dizal's JAK1 inhibitor, approved in China in 2024 as the first JAK inhibitor for relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, a cancer with few options after first-line chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/golidocitinib.md - Goserelin / leuprolide (ovarian function suppression) (treatment): Monthly or 3-monthly injections that switch off the ovaries, letting premenopausal women use aromatase inhibitors and lowering recurrence in higher-risk cases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/goserelin.md - Gotistobart (treatment): Gotistobart is an experimental monoclonal antibody from OncoC4 in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, aimed at CTLA-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gotistobart.md - GQ1005 (treatment): GQ1005 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from GeneQuantum Healthcare (Suzhou) in phase 3 trials for HER2-positive breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gq1005.md - GR1803 (treatment): GR1803 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Genrix (Shanghai) Biopharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gr1803.md - Granisetron (treatment): Granisetron is an anti-sickness medicine for chemotherapy given as a tablet, an injection, a week-long skin patch (Sancuso) or a slow-release injection that lasts several days (Sustol). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/granisetron.md - GRT-C901 (treatment): GRT-C901 is an experimental cancer vaccine from Seattle Project in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/grt-c901.md - GRT-R902 (treatment): GRT-R902 is an experimental cancer vaccine from Seattle Project in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/grt-r902.md - Guardant Reveal (treatment): A blood test for leftover cancer after surgery that needs no tumour sample, so results come faster than tumour-informed tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/guardant-reveal.md - Guardant360 CDx (treatment): A blood test that reads a tumour's mutations without a tissue biopsy and is the FDA-approved gateway to several targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/guardant360-cdx.md - Gumarontinib (treatment): Gumarontinib is Haihe Biopharma's MET inhibitor, approved in China in 2023 for non-small-cell lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gumarontinib.md - H101 oncolytic adenovirus (treatment): Oncorine is Shanghai Sunway Biotech's oncolytic adenovirus, approved in China in 2005 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with chemotherapy, the first oncolytic virus approved anywhere in the world. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/h101-oncolytic-adenovirus.md - HB0036 (treatment): HB0036 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PD-L1 and TIGIT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hb0036.md - HB1801 (treatment): HB1801 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Shanghai JMT-Bio in phase 3 trials for HER2-positive breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hb1801.md - HDM2017 (treatment): HDM2017 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer, aimed at MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hdm2017.md - HER2 IHC and ISH companion assays (HercepTest, PATHWAY 4B5, HER2 Dual ISH) (treatment): The tests that grade a breast or stomach cancer's HER2 level, from the original trastuzumab test in 1998 to the new 'HER2-low' and 'ultralow' cut-offs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-testing-assays.md - Hexaminolevulinate (treatment): Hexaminolevulinate makes bladder tumours fluoresce red under blue light so the urologist can see and remove flat and tiny cancers that white-light cystoscopy misses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hexaminolevulinate.md - Histamine dihydrochloride (treatment): Ceplene is a twice-daily injection of histamine given alongside low-dose interleukin-2 as maintenance treatment for adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in first remission, to help immune cells prevent relapse. It is authorised in Europe only. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histamine-dihydrochloride.md - Histrelin (treatment): Histrelin is a GnRH agonist delivered by a small implant under the skin of the arm that lasts a whole year, approved in the United States as Vantas for palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer and as Supprelin for early puberty in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histrelin.md - HLX11 (treatment): HLX11 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Shanghai Henlius Biotech in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hlx11.md - HLX22 (treatment): HLX22 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Shanghai Henlius Biotech in phase 3 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hlx22.md - HLX26 (treatment): HLX26 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Shanghai Henlius Biotech in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at LAG-3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hlx26.md - HLX43 (treatment): HLX43 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Shanghai Henlius Biotech in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, aimed at PD-L1 and EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hlx43.md - HMBD-001 (treatment): HMBD-001 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Hummingbird Bioscience in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal cancer, aimed at HER3 and EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hmbd-001.md - HMPL-306 (treatment): HMPL-306 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Hutchmed in phase 3 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia, aimed at IDH1 / IDH2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hmpl-306.md - HMPL-453 (treatment): HMPL-453 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Hutchmed in phase 3 trials for biliary tract cancer, aimed at FGFR2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hmpl-453.md - HMPL-760 (treatment): HMPL-760 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Hutchmed in phase 3 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hmpl-760.md - HPV bivalent vaccine (types 16 and 18) (treatment): Cervarix is a vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18, the two types that cause most cervical cancers, authorised in the EU in 2007 and the US in 2009 after the 18,000-woman PATRICIA trial showed near-complete protection against type-specific precancer. GSK withdrew it from the US in 2016, but it remains WHO-prequalified and used in national programmes, including single-dose schedules. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpv-bivalent-vaccine.md - HPV quadrivalent vaccine (types 6, 11, 16 and 18) (treatment): Gardasil was the first HPV vaccine, licensed in 2006 to prevent cervical and other genital cancers and genital warts. It has been replaced in most countries by the nine-type version, Gardasil 9. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpv-quadrivalent-vaccine.md - HR070803 (treatment): HR070803 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Jiangsu HengRui Medicine in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hr070803.md - HRS-4357 (treatment): HRS-4357 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Jiangsu HengRui Medicine in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at PSMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hrs-4357.md - HRS-8080 (treatment): HRS-8080 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Shandong Suncadia Medicine in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hrs-8080.md - HS-20089 (treatment): HS-20089 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Hansoh BioMedical R&D in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hs-20089.md - HS-20093 (treatment): HS-20093 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Hansoh BioMedical R&D in phase 3 trials for osteosarcoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and sarcomas, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hs-20093.md - HS-20117 (treatment): HS-20117 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Hansoh BioMedical R&D in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at EGFR and MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hs-20117.md - HST-1011 (treatment): HST-1011 is a small-molecule inhibitor from HotSpot Therapeutics, Inc, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hst-1011.md - Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) (treatment): Hydroxyurea is a cheap, decades-old pill that lowers high blood counts in polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia and is also the main drug for sickle cell disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hydroxyurea.md - IAH0968 (treatment): IAH0968 is an experimental small-molecule drug from SUNHO（China）BioPharmaceutical CO. in phase 3 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iah0968.md - Ibandronic acid (treatment): Ibandronic acid (Bondronat) is a bisphosphonate available in Europe as a monthly infusion or daily tablet to prevent fractures and other bone complications in women with breast cancer that has spread to bone, and to treat cancer-related high calcium. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibandronic-acid.md - Iberdomide (treatment): Iberdomide is a far more potent successor to lenalidomide, now in phase 3 as post-transplant maintenance and in relapsed disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iberdomide.md - IBI310 (treatment): IBI310 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Innovent Biopharmaceutical Technology (Hangzhou) in phase 3 trials for hepatocellular carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibi310.md - IBI343 (treatment): IBI343 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibi343.md - IBI354 (treatment): IBI354 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) in phase 3 trials for HER2-positive breast cancer and ovarian cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibi354.md - IBI363 (treatment): IBI363 is an experimental fusion protein from Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) in phase 2 trials for melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, aimed at PD-1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibi363.md - Ibritumomab tiuxetan (treatment): Zevalin is an antibody carrying a radioactive isotope that seeks out CD20 on lymphoma cells. It treats follicular lymphoma that has relapsed and is given as a one-off consolidation after chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibritumomab-tiuxetan.md - Ibrutinib (treatment): The pill that ended chemotherapy for most CLL. It blocks the survival signal B cells depend on, and it was the first drug to beat chemoimmunotherapy in nearly every CLL setting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibrutinib.md - Icotinib (treatment): Icotinib, approved in 2011, was the first cancer drug invented and developed in China, and it showed that a domestic lung cancer pill could match a Western one head to head. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icotinib.md - ICP-248 (treatment): ICP-248 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech in phase 3 trials for mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icp-248.md - Idarubicin (treatment): Idarubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy approved in 1990 for adult acute myeloid leukaemia, given with cytarabine in 3+7 induction and FLAG-Ida salvage and in acute promyelocytic leukaemia protocols. Randomised trials showed more complete remissions than with daunorubicin, which is why centres prefer it; heart damage, marrow suppression and extravasation injury are the class risks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idarubicin.md - Idecabtagene vicleucel (treatment): Idecabtagene vicleucel was the first myeloma CAR-T (2021) and is now approved after two prior lines based on KarMMa-3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idecabtagene-vicleucel.md - Idelalisib (treatment): Idelalisib was the first PI3K inhibitor for blood cancers; it is effective in CLL with rituximab but so toxic (colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, infections) that the class has largely been abandoned. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idelalisib.md - IDRX-42 (treatment): IDRX-42 is an experimental small-molecule drug from GlaxoSmithKline in phase 3 trials for gastrointestinal stromal tumour, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idrx-42.md - Ifinatamab deruxtecan (treatment): Ifinatamab deruxtecan is a B7-H3 ADC showing some of the best response rates ever seen in relapsed small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ifinatamab-deruxtecan.md - Ifosfamide (treatment): Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapy partnered with doxorubicin in sarcoma and with etoposide in Ewing sarcoma, given with a bladder-protecting drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ifosfamide.md - Ifupinostat (treatment): Ifupinostat is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from BeBetter Med in phase 3 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ifupinostat.md - Illuccix (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide) (treatment): Telix's ready-to-label kit that lets any nuclear medicine department make the gallium PSMA scan for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/illuccix.md - IMA203 (treatment): IMA203 is an experimental TCR-T cell therapy from Immatics US in phase 3 trials for melanoma, aimed at PRAME. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ima203.md - Imatinib (treatment): The drug that started the targeted therapy era in 2001, turning chronic myeloid leukaemia into a manageable condition with near-normal life expectancy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imatinib.md - Imetelstat (treatment): Imetelstat is a lipid-linked oligonucleotide that binds the RNA template of telomerase, the enzyme cancer cells use to stay immortal, and it is the first telomerase inhibitor approved for any cancer. In lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes it freed 40% of transfusion-dependent patients from transfusions for at least eight weeks versus 15% on placebo, once growth factors have failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imetelstat.md - Imiquimod (treatment): Imiquimod (Aldara) is a cream that provokes the skin's own immune system to clear superficial basal cell carcinomas and the sun-damage patches (actinic keratoses) that can turn into skin cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imiquimod.md - Imlunestrant (treatment): Imlunestrant is Lilly's oral oestrogen-receptor degrader, approved in 2025 for ESR1-mutant breast cancer and shown to work with abemaciclib regardless of mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imlunestrant.md - IMP1734 (treatment): IMP1734 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Eikon Therapeutics, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imp1734.md - IMP4927 (treatment): IMP4927 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Impact Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imp4927.md - IN10018 (treatment): IN10018 is an experimental small-molecule drug from InxMed (Shanghai) in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/in10018.md - Inaticabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Inati-cel is a Chinese CAR-T for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia that has come back or stopped responding, approved in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inaticabtagene-autoleucel.md - Inavolisib (treatment): Inavolisib is a PI3K drug that also destroys the mutant protein, approved in 2024 with palbociclib and fulvestrant for PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inavolisib.md - INBRX-106 (treatment): INBRX-106 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Inhibrx Biosciences in phase 3 trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inbrx-106.md - INCA33890 (treatment): INCA33890 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Incyte in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inca33890.md - INCB123667 (treatment): INCB123667 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Incyte in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/incb123667.md - INCB161734 (treatment): INCB161734 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Incyte in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aimed at KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/incb161734.md - Inetetamab (treatment): Inetetamab is 3SBio's HER2 antibody, approved in China in 2020 with vinorelbine for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inetetamab.md - Infigratinib (treatment): Infigratinib is an FGFR inhibitor pill given accelerated approval in the United States in 2021 for bile duct cancer with an FGFR2 fusion, then withdrawn in 2024 when its confirmatory trial could not enrol; it is now being developed for achondroplasia instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/infigratinib.md - Iniparib (treatment): Billed as the first PARP inhibitor for triple-negative breast cancer, it failed its phase 3 in 2011. It turned out not to inhibit PARP at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iniparib.md - Inlexisertib (treatment): Inlexisertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inlexisertib.md - INO-5401 (treatment): INO-5401 is an experimental cancer vaccine from Inovio Pharmaceuticals in phase 2 trials for glioma & glioblastoma, aimed at PSMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ino-5401.md - Inotuzumab ozogamicin (treatment): Inotuzumab ozogamicin is an antibody carrying a DNA-cutting toxin to CD22 on leukaemia cells. It gets far more relapsed ALL patients into remission than chemotherapy and bridges them to transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inotuzumab-ozogamicin.md - INT230-6 (treatment): INT230-6 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Intensity Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for sarcomas, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/int230-6.md - Interferon alfa-2a/2b (treatment): Interferon alfa was the first biologic cancer drug (1986). It treated hairy cell leukaemia, CML, melanoma, kidney cancer and Kaposi sarcoma, and has been replaced almost everywhere by better-tolerated agents. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/interferon-alfa.md - Intismeran autogene (treatment): A custom mRNA vaccine encoding up to 34 of a patient's own tumour mutations. In August 2026 it became the first personalised cancer vaccine to win a phase 3 trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intismeran-autogene.md - Intravesical BCG (treatment): A weakened tuberculosis vaccine put directly into the bladder. Since 1976 it has been the most effective treatment for early bladder cancer, and it remains in chronic short supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcg-intravesical.md - IO102-IO103 (treatment): IO102-IO103 is an experimental peptide (immunotherapeutic vaccine) from IO Biotech in phase 3 trials for melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, aimed at PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io102-io103.md - Iobenguane I-131 (therapeutic) (treatment): Azedra was a radioactive drug that homed in on adrenal-type tumours (phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma) that could not be removed and delivered radiation from inside. It was approved in 2018 and discontinued by its maker in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iobenguane-i-131.md - Iomab-B (treatment): Iomab-B is Actinium's radioactive antibody that clears the bone marrow before a transplant for older patients with active relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia; the phase 3 SIERRA trial met its primary endpoint but the FDA asked for another study. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iomab-b.md - Iparomlimab and tuvonralimab (treatment): QL1706 is Qilu Pharmaceutical's PD-1 plus CTLA-4 antibody mixture, approved in China in 2024 for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer after platinum chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iparomlimab-tuvonralimab.md - Ipatasertib (treatment): Ipatasertib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Hoffmann-La Roche in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer, aimed at AKT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipatasertib.md - IPG1094 (treatment): IPG1094 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Nanjing Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipg1094.md - Ipilimumab (treatment): Ipilimumab was the first checkpoint inhibitor (2011), and proved the immune system could be unleashed against cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipilimumab.md - Irinotecan (and liposomal irinotecan) (treatment): Irinotecan is a topoisomerase-blocking chemotherapy central to bowel and pancreatic cancer regimens (FOLFIRI, FOLFIRINOX, NALIRIFOX) and to salvage therapy in childhood sarcomas; it carries the same warhead as the deruxtecan ADC payloads. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/irinotecan.md - Iruplinalkib (treatment): Iruplinalkib is Qilu Pharmaceutical's second-generation ALK inhibitor, approved in China in 2023 for ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer after crizotinib and in 2024 as first-line treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iruplinalkib.md - Isatuximab (treatment): Isatuximab is Sanofi's CD38 antibody, approved in frontline transplant-ineligible myeloma (IMROZ) and, from July 2026, as an under-the-skin injection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isatuximab.md - ISB 2001 (treatment): An Indian-discovered antibody that grips two targets on myeloma cells at once while pulling in T cells to kill them, licensed to AbbVie in 2025 in the biggest deal yet for an Indian cancer drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isb-2001.md - Ivonescimab (treatment): A Chinese bispecific that beat Keytruda head-to-head on progression-free survival in lung cancer, the first drug ever to do so. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ivonescimab.md - Ivosidenib (treatment): The first drug to block a mutant metabolic enzyme in cancer. With azacitidine it tripled survival in IDH1-mutated AML that could not take intensive chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ivosidenib.md - Ivospemin (treatment): Ivospemin is an experimental small-molecule drug from Panbela Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ivospemin.md - Ixabepilone (treatment): Ixabepilone (Ixempra) is a chemotherapy infusion for breast cancer that has stopped responding to anthracyclines, taxanes and capecitabine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ixabepilone.md - Ixazomib (treatment): Ixazomib (Ninlaro) is the first oral proteasome inhibitor for multiple myeloma, enabling an all-oral triplet with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ixazomib.md - Izalontamab brengitecan (treatment): Izalontamab brengitecan is the first bispecific ADC to succeed in a phase 3 trial, hitting two growth receptors at once in triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/izalontamab-brengitecan.md - JBI-802 (treatment): JBI-802 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Jubilant Therapeutics Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jbi-802.md - JDQ443 (treatment): JDQ443 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Novartis Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, aimed at KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jdq443.md - JK08 (treatment): JK08 is an experimental fusion protein or cytokine from Salubris Biotherapeutics in phase 2 trials for melanoma, colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at CTLA-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jk08.md - JMT101 (treatment): JMT101 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Shanghai JMT-Bio in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jmt101.md - JMT203 (treatment): JMT203 is a monoclonal antibody from Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jmt203.md - JNJ-79635322 (treatment): JNJ-79635322 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Janssen Research & Development in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnj-79635322.md - JNJ-87189401 (treatment): JNJ-87189401 is an experimental costimulatory agent from Janssen Research & Development in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at PSMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnj-87189401.md - JNJ-90014496 (treatment): JNJ-90014496 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Janssen Research & Development in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, aimed at CD19 and CD20. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnj-90014496.md - JNJ-90301900 (treatment): JNJ-90301900 is an experimental radioenhancer nanoparticle from Johnson & Johnson Enterprise Innovation in phase 3 trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnj-90301900.md - JS105 (treatment): JS105 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Risen (Suzhou) Pharma Tech in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/js105.md - JS111 (treatment): JS111 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Suzhou Junjing BioSciences in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at EGFR and MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/js111.md - JSKN003 (treatment): JSKN003 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Jiangsu Alphamab Biopharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jskn003.md - JSKN016 (treatment): JSKN016 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Jiangsu Alphamab Biopharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for triple-negative breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jskn016.md - JYP0015 (treatment): JYP0015 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Guangzhou JOYO Pharma in phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, aimed at KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jyp0015.md - KC1036 (treatment): KC1036 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Beijing Konruns Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for oesophageal cancer, ewing sarcoma and thymoma and thymic carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kc1036.md - KL-A167 (treatment): KL-A167 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kl-a167.md - KN026 (treatment): KN026 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Shanghai JMT-Bio in phase 3 trials for HER2-positive breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kn026.md - KRT-232 (treatment): KRT-232 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Kartos Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for myeloproliferative neoplasms, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, aimed at MDM2 and TP53. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/krt-232.md - LAM561 (treatment): LAM561 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Laminar Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for glioma & glioblastoma, aimed at MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lam561.md - Lapatinib (treatment): Lapatinib was the first HER2-blocking pill (2007) and is now mostly a comparator arm and a late-line option, displaced by tucatinib and ADCs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lapatinib.md - Larotrectinib (treatment): The first drug approved for a gene fusion regardless of where the cancer started; it works in about 75% of NTRK-fusion cancers, from infant fibrosarcoma to salivary and thyroid cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/larotrectinib.md - Lazertinib (treatment): A third-generation EGFR pill used together with amivantamab as the first regimen to beat osimertinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lazertinib.md - LB1410 (treatment): LB1410 is an experimental bispecific antibody from L & L Bio, Ningbo, China in phase 2 trials, aimed at PD-1 and TIM-3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lb1410.md - LB4330 (treatment): LB4330 is an experimental fusion protein from L & L Bio, Ningbo, China in phase 2 trials, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lb4330.md - LCB02A (treatment): LCB02A is an experimental monoclonal antibody from LigaChem Biosciences in phase 2 trials, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lcb02a.md - LCB84 (treatment): LCB84 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from LigaChem Biosciences in phase 2 trials, aimed at TROP2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lcb84.md - Lenalidomide (treatment): Lenalidomide is a thalidomide descendant that glues the proteins IKZF1 and IKZF3 to cereblon so the cell destroys them, killing plasma cells and rousing T cells. It is the backbone of myeloma treatment and maintenance, also used in mantle cell and follicular lymphoma, and generic since 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lenalidomide.md - Lenograstim (treatment): Lenograstim is Europe's and Japan's glycosylated form of G-CSF, given after chemotherapy to shorten the period of dangerously low neutrophils and to mobilise stem cells for transplant; it does the same job as filgrastim. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lenograstim.md - Lenvatinib (treatment): An oral anti-angiogenic pill that matched sorafenib in liver cancer with higher response rates, and partners with pembrolizumab in kidney and endometrial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lenvatinib.md - Lerociclib (treatment): Lerociclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitor from G1 Therapeutics developed in China by Genor Biopharma, in a phase 3 trial with letrozole for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lerociclib.md - Lerotinib (treatment): Lerotinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Sunshine Lake Pharma in phase 3 trials for oesophageal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lerotinib.md - Letetresgene autoleucel (treatment): Letetresgene autoleucel is a second engineered T-cell receptor therapy for sarcoma, targeting NY-ESO-1 in synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma; a BLA is expected by the end of 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/letetresgene-autoleucel.md - Letrozole (and other aromatase inhibitors) (treatment): Daily pills that stop the body making oestrogen after menopause, the backbone of hormone therapy for most breast cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/letrozole.md - Leucovorin (folinic acid) (treatment): Leucovorin is not a cancer drug in itself: it rescues normal tissue after high-dose methotrexate and, given with fluorouracil, makes that chemotherapy work better, which is why it appears in FOLFOX, FOLFIRI and FOLFIRINOX. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leucovorin.md - Leuprolide (leuprorelin) and GnRH agonists (treatment): Leuprolide is the injectable that shuts off testosterone production, the foundation of hormone therapy for prostate cancer since the 1980s; it is also used for ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leuprolide.md - Lifileucel (treatment): Lifileucel was the first approved TIL therapy: the patient's own tumour-fighting immune cells are expanded to billions and given back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lifileucel.md - Limertinib (treatment): Limertinib is Aosaikang's third-generation EGFR inhibitor, approved in China in 2024 for lung cancer with the T790M resistance mutation after earlier EGFR drugs, and in phase 3 trials for first-line use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/limertinib.md - Linperlisib (treatment): Linperlisib is Shanghai Yingli's PI3K-delta inhibitor, approved in China in 2022 for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma after two or more lines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/linperlisib.md - Linvoseltamab (treatment): Linvoseltamab is Regeneron's BCMA bispecific, approved in July 2025 with the highest complete-response rate of the class in its pivotal study. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/linvoseltamab.md - Lipegfilgrastim (treatment): Lipegfilgrastim (Lonquex) is a once-per-chemotherapy-cycle white cell booster used in Europe, similar to pegfilgrastim, for adults and children from two years old. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lipegfilgrastim.md - Lirafugratinib (treatment): Lirafugratinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Elevar Therapeutics in phase 2 trials, aimed at FGFR2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lirafugratinib.md - Lisocabtagene maraleucel (treatment): Lisocabtagene maraleucel is the only CAR-T approved for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, for patients whose disease has outrun both BTK and BCL-2 inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lisocabtagene-maraleucel.md - Livmoniplimab (treatment): Livmoniplimab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from AbbVie in phase 3 trials for hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/livmoniplimab.md - LM-108 (treatment): LM-108 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lm-108.md - LM-302 (treatment): LM-302 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from LaNova Medicines Zhejiang in phase 3 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lm-302.md - LNS8801 (treatment): LNS8801 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Linnaeus Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for melanoma, aimed at Estrogen receptor (ERα). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lns8801.md - Locametz (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide) (treatment): Novartis' gallium PSMA scan kit, approved the same day as Pluvicto as the test that qualifies men for that radioactive drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/locametz.md - Lomustine (CCNU) (treatment): An old chemotherapy pill used when glioblastoma comes back, and the control arm most new glioblastoma drugs must beat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lomustine.md - Loncastuximab tesirine (treatment): Loncastuximab tesirine (Zynlonta) is a CD19 ADC with a DNA-crosslinking payload for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zynlonta.md - Lorigerlimab (treatment): Lorigerlimab is an experimental bispecific antibody from MacroGenics in phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer and cervical cancer, aimed at PD-1 and CTLA-4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lorigerlimab.md - Lorlatinib (treatment): An ALK inhibitor with the longest disease control ever recorded for a targeted lung cancer pill: 60% progression-free at five years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lorlatinib.md - LP-184 (treatment): LP-184 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Lantern Pharma Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for triple-negative breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lp-184.md - Lunit INSIGHT MMG (treatment): A Korean AI mammography reader used in screening programmes in Sweden and Australia and cleared in the US and Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lunit-insight-mmg.md - Lurbinectedin (treatment): A marine-derived chemotherapy that jams cancer's gene-reading machinery, approved for relapsed small-cell lung cancer and, since 2025, as first-line maintenance with atezolizumab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lurbinectedin.md - Luspatercept (treatment): An injection that helps the marrow finish making red cells, reducing or removing the need for transfusions in lower-risk MDS and beta-thalassaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luspatercept.md - Lutetium-177 dotatate (treatment): Lutetium-177 dotatate was the first modern radioligand therapy (2018), for neuroendocrine tumours, and is now used in first line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lutathera.md - Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan (treatment): A radioactive drug that seeks out PSMA on prostate cancer cells; the best-selling radiopharmaceutical ever. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pluvicto.md - Luveltamab tazevibulin (treatment): A folate-receptor ADC designed to work across low and high receptor levels, in a pivotal ovarian cancer trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luveltamab-tazevibulin.md - LVGN6051 (treatment): LVGN6051 is a monoclonal antibody from Lyvgen Biopharma Holdings Limited, in registered phase 2 trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lvgn6051.md - M108 (treatment): M108 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from FutureGen Biopharmaceutical (Beijing) in phase 3 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/m108.md - M701 (treatment): M701 is Wuhan YZY Biopharma's EpCAM-CD3 bispecific antibody infused into the abdomen to control malignant ascites, in a phase 3 trial in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/m701.md - Magrolimab (treatment): The first 'don't eat me' signal blocker. Gilead paid $4.9B for it; it was stopped in 2024 after trials showed more deaths, not fewer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/magrolimab.md - MammaPrint (70-gene signature) (treatment): A 70-gene test that tells whether an early breast cancer is genomically low or high risk, used to decide who can skip chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mammaprint.md - Margetuximab (treatment): A trastuzumab look-alike with an engineered tail that binds immune cells more tightly; approved in 2020 but rarely used after ADCs arrived. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/margetuximab.md - Masofaniten (treatment): A drug designed to block the part of the androgen receptor that resistant variants keep; its phase 2 was stopped for futility and development ended. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/masofaniten.md - Mavrostobart (treatment): Mavrostobart is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Phanes Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aimed at CD73 / adenosine axis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mavrostobart.md - MCLA-129 (treatment): MCLA-129 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Betta Pharmaceuticals in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer, aimed at EGFR and MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mcla-129.md - Mecapegfilgrastim (treatment): Mecapegfilgrastim is Hengrui's long-acting G-CSF, approved in China in 2018 to prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mecapegfilgrastim.md - Mechlorethamine (chlormethine) (treatment): Mechlorethamine, or nitrogen mustard, was the first chemotherapy ever used, in 1940s Hodgkin lymphoma. Today its main use is as a skin gel (Valchlor in the US, Ledaga in Europe) for early cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mechlorethamine.md - Megestrol acetate (treatment): Megestrol acetate is a hormone tablet used to ease advanced breast and womb cancer, and as a liquid to improve appetite and weight in people with cancer or AIDS-related wasting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/megestrol.md - Melphalan (including hepatic delivery system) (treatment): The myeloma chemotherapy that is also the standard high-dose conditioning before autologous transplant, and, delivered directly into the liver's blood supply or the eye, treats uveal melanoma metastases and retinoblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/melphalan.md - Melphalan flufenamide (treatment): A myeloma drug given accelerated approval in 2021 and withdrawn in the US months later when its confirmatory trial suggested it shortened survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/melflufen.md - Melphalan hepatic delivery system (treatment): High-dose melphalan pumped through the liver's own blood supply while the blood leaving the liver is filtered, the first approved treatment for uveal melanoma that has spread to the liver. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hepzato.md - MEN1703 (treatment): MEN1703 is an experimental small molecule (kinase inhibitor) from Ryvu Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for hodgkin lymphoma, aimed at FLT3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/men1703.md - Mercaptopurine (treatment): Mercaptopurine is a daily tablet, or a liquid for children, that keeps acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in remission during the long maintenance phase of treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mercaptopurine.md - Merestinib (treatment): Merestinib is an oral kinase inhibitor from Eli Lilly and Company, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/merestinib.md - Mesna (treatment): Mesna is given with the chemotherapy ifosfamide (and high-dose cyclophosphamide) to stop its breakdown products from burning the bladder lining and causing bleeding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mesna.md - Methotrexate (treatment): The 1948 antifolate that produced the first chemotherapy remissions in childhood leukaemia and the first cure of a solid tumour; still essential in ALL, lymphoma, osteosarcoma and CNS lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/methotrexate.md - Methoxsalen (extracorporeal photopheresis) (treatment): Uvadex is the drug used in photopheresis, where a patient's white cells are drawn off, treated with methoxsalen and ultraviolet light, and returned; it is approved for the skin symptoms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and widely used for graft-versus-host disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/methoxsalen-ecp.md - Methyl aminolevulinate (treatment): Methyl aminolevulinate is a cream applied to sun-damaged skin or a superficial basal cell carcinoma and then activated with red light, clearing precancerous and early skin cancers with better cosmetic results than surgery or freezing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/methyl-aminolevulinate.md - Methylnaltrexone (treatment): Methylnaltrexone (Relistor) is an injection or tablet that relieves the severe constipation caused by strong painkillers in people with advanced cancer, without blocking the pain relief itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/methylnaltrexone.md - Mevrometostat (treatment): An epigenetic drug that may re-sensitise prostate cancer to hormone therapy, in three phase 3 trials with enzalutamide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mevrometostat.md - Mezigdomide (treatment): Mezigdomide is the most potent oral cereblon modulator, producing responses in about 40% of triple-class-refractory myeloma with dexamethasone alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mezigdomide.md - MHB036C (treatment): MHB036C is an antibody-drug conjugate from Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mhb036c.md - MHB039A (treatment): MHB039A is a bispecific antibody from Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mhb039a.md - MI Cancer Seek (treatment): The first FDA-approved test that sequences all of a tumour's genes and gene activity at once, used to match patients to several targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caris-mi-cancer-seek.md - Mia (Mammography Intelligent Assessment) (treatment): A London-built breast screening AI trialled across NHS sites as a second reader, now folded into RadNet's DeepHealth after a 2024 acquisition. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kheiron-mia.md - Midostaurin (treatment): The first drug to improve survival in FLT3-mutated AML, added to standard chemotherapy: median survival went from about two years to more than six. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/midostaurin.md - Mifamurtide (treatment): An immune-activating drug approved in Europe for osteosarcoma after a trial suggested it improved survival; the FDA never approved it, and it remains one of oncology's transatlantic disagreements. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mifamurtide.md - Mirdametinib (treatment): Mirdametinib (Gomekli in the US, Ezmekly in Europe) is a MEK-blocking capsule or dispersible tablet for adults and children with neurofibromatosis type 1 whose plexiform neurofibromas cannot be removed surgically; it is the first such drug approved for adults. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mirdametinib.md - Mirvetuximab soravtansine (treatment): Mirvetuximab soravtansine (Elahere) is the first ADC for ovarian cancer, for tumours with high folate receptor alpha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mirvetuximab-soravtansine.md - Mitazalimab (treatment): Mitazalimab is an antibody-drug conjugate from Alligator Bioscience AB, in registered phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitazalimab.md - Mitobronitol (treatment): Mitobronitol was a Hungarian-developed oral tablet used in Europe from the 1960s to control chronic myeloid leukaemia and polycythaemia, an alternative to busulfan that disappeared once hydroxycarbamide, interferon and imatinib took over. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitobronitol.md - Mitomycin C (treatment): The chemotherapy given with radiation to cure anal cancer without surgery, used as a bladder instillation after tumour resection, and since 2020-25 in gel form for upper-tract and recurrent bladder cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitomycin.md - Mitotane (treatment): A relative of the insecticide DDT that is the only drug specific to adrenal cortex cancer; it needs blood-level monitoring and permanent steroid replacement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitotane.md - Mitoxantrone (treatment): Mitoxantrone is a blue chemotherapy infusion used with cytarabine for acute myeloid leukaemia and, historically, to relieve pain in advanced prostate cancer; it is also licensed for multiple sclerosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitoxantrone.md - MK-1045 (treatment): MK-1045 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Merck Sharp & Dohme in phase 3 trials for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, follicular lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mk-1045.md - Mobocertinib (treatment): Mobocertinib was the first oral drug for EGFR exon 20 insertion lung cancer, approved in 2021 and withdrawn in 2023-24 after its confirmatory trial failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mobocertinib.md - Mogamulizumab (treatment): Mogamulizumab is an antibody that clears cancerous T cells from the blood in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, the leukaemic form of skin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mogamulizumab.md - Momelotinib (treatment): Momelotinib is the JAK inhibitor designed for anaemic myelofibrosis patients: it can improve haemoglobin while shrinking the spleen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/momelotinib.md - Monalizumab (treatment): Monalizumab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from AstraZeneca in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monalizumab.md - Mosunetuzumab (treatment): Mosunetuzumab is a fixed-duration CD20 bispecific approved for follicular lymphoma and studied with polatuzumab in large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mosunetuzumab.md - Motixafortide (treatment): Motixafortide is an injection given with G-CSF before stem cell collection in people with multiple myeloma, approved in the United States in 2023, so that enough stem cells for an autologous transplant can be harvested in one or two sessions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/motixafortide.md - Moxetumomab pasudotox (treatment): An immunotoxin for hairy cell leukaemia that produced lasting remissions in relapsed patients but was withdrawn from sale in 2023 for commercial reasons. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/moxetumomab-pasudotox.md - MRG002 (treatment): MRG002 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Shanghai Miracogen in phase 3 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrg002.md - MRG003 (treatment): MRG003 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Lepu Biopharma in phase 3 trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrg003.md - MRTX1133 (treatment): MRTX1133 was the first potent chemical tool against KRAS G12D, and proved the mutation could be drugged even though it lacks the reactive handle G12C has. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrtx1133.md - myChoice CDx (treatment): A tumour test that measures DNA-repair scarring so that women with ovarian cancer beyond BRCA carriers can benefit from PARP inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mychoice-cdx.md - Nabilone (treatment): Nabilone is a synthetic cannabinoid capsule approved in 1985 for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting that standard drugs cannot control; like dronabinol it is a later-line option because of its effects on mood and balance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nabilone.md - Nadofaragene firadenovec (treatment): Nadofaragene firadenovec is the first gene therapy for bladder cancer: a virus that makes bladder cells produce interferon for weeks, given once every three months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nadofaragene-firadenovec.md - NALIRIFOX (liposomal irinotecan + oxaliplatin + 5-FU/LV) (treatment): NALIRIFOX is a version of FOLFIRINOX using a liposome-wrapped irinotecan, approved in 2024 as a first-line option for metastatic pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nalirifox.md - Naporafenib (treatment): Naporafenib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Erasca in phase 3 trials for melanoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/naporafenib.md - Navitoclax (treatment): Navitoclax is an experimental small-molecule drug from AbbVie in phase 3 trials for myeloproliferative neoplasms, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/navitoclax.md - Navlimetostat (treatment): Navlimetostat is an experimental small-molecule drug from Bristol-Myers Squibb in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aimed at PRMT5 (MTAP-deleted cancers). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/navlimetostat.md - Naxitamab (treatment): Naxitamab is a humanised anti-GD2 antibody from Memorial Sloan Kettering, given as an outpatient with GM-CSF for relapsed neuroblastoma in bone or marrow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/naxitamab.md - NB003 (treatment): NB003 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Ningbo Newbay Technology Development in phase 3 trials for gastrointestinal stromal tumour, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nb003.md - NDI-219216 (treatment): NDI-219216 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Nimbus Wadjet in phase 2 trials, aimed at WRN helicase (MSI-high cancers). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ndi-219216.md - Necitumumab (treatment): Necitumumab (Portrazza) is an antibody added to gemcitabine and cisplatin as first treatment for squamous non-small cell lung cancer that has spread; the benefit is modest and it is little used. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/necitumumab.md - Nedaplatin (treatment): Nedaplatin is a Japanese platinum drug, approved there in 1995, used for head and neck, oesophageal, lung, cervical and other squamous cancers as a gentler alternative to cisplatin on the kidneys; it has never been approved in the West. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nedaplatin.md - Neladalkib (treatment): A fourth-generation ALK pill that works after lorlatinib and avoids the TRK-related brain side effects; under FDA priority review with a decision due 27 November 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neladalkib.md - Nelarabine (treatment): Nelarabine (Arranon) is an infusion for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma that has come back after at least two other treatments; it is now also added to first-line therapy for children with T-cell leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nelarabine.md - Nemtabrutinib (treatment): Nemtabrutinib is Merck's reversible BTK blocker, active against the C481S escape mutation, being tested against ibrutinib and acalabrutinib in first-line CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nemtabrutinib.md - Neratinib (treatment): A pill taken for a year after trastuzumab to further reduce recurrence in HER2-positive, hormone-positive breast cancer, limited by severe diarrhoea. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neratinib.md - Netupitant and palonosetron (treatment): Akynzeo combines two anti-sickness drugs in one capsule or infusion taken once before chemotherapy, so a single dose plus dexamethasone protects against both immediate and delayed vomiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/netupitant-palonosetron.md - Nilotinib (treatment): Nilotinib is a second-generation CML pill that produces deeper responses faster than imatinib, at the cost of cardiovascular and metabolic side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nilotinib.md - Nilutamide (treatment): Nilutamide (Nilandron) is an older antiandrogen tablet started on the day of surgical castration for metastatic prostate cancer; it is rarely used now because of lung and eye side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nilutamide.md - Nimotuzumab (treatment): Nimotuzumab is a Cuban-developed antibody against EGFR approved in India, China, Cuba and other countries for head and neck cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and brain tumours, usually with radiotherapy; it causes far less rash than cetuximab but has never been approved in the United States or Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nimotuzumab.md - Nintedanib (treatment): Nintedanib is a triple angiokinase inhibitor pill (VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR) approved for pulmonary fibrosis and, in the EU, for second-line lung adenocarcinoma with docetaxel. In mesothelioma the phase 2 part of LUME-Meso suggested slower progression in epithelioid disease, but the phase 3 part showed none, a much-cited warning about small randomised phase 2 signals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nintedanib.md - Niraparib (treatment): Niraparib is a PARP inhibitor approved as maintenance for ovarian cancer regardless of BRCA status, and in prostate cancer with abiraterone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/niraparib.md - Nirogacestat (treatment): Nirogacestat is the first approved medicine for desmoid tumours, locally invasive growths that do not spread but can be crippling; it works by blocking Notch signalling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nirogacestat.md - Nivolumab (treatment): Nivolumab was the second PD-1 blocker and is often combined with ipilimumab. Long-term data show about half of advanced melanoma patients alive at 10 years on the combination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nivolumab.md - Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept (treatment): Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept is an engineered version of the immune-boosting protein IL-15, given with BCG into the bladder, approved in 2024 for early bladder cancer that BCG alone no longer controls. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nogapendekin-alfa.md - Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept (treatment): Anktiva is a bladder-instilled immune booster given with BCG for early bladder cancer that has stopped responding to BCG, offering many patients a way to keep their bladder rather than have it removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nogapendekin-alfa-inbakicept.md - Nonavalent HPV vaccine (treatment): A vaccine against nine HPV types that prevents about 90% of cervical cancers, and now works with a single dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gardasil-9.md - NP137 (treatment): NP137 is a monoclonal antibody from NETRIS Pharma, in registered phase 2 trials for endometrial cancer, cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/np137.md - NUV-1511 (treatment): NUV-1511 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Nuvation Bio Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for prostate cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nuv-1511.md - NXC-201 CAR-T (treatment): NXC-201 CAR-T is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Nexcella in phase 2 trials, aimed at BCMA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nxc-201-car-t.md - Obecabtagene autoleucel (treatment): A CD19 CAR-T built to grip and release quickly, which cut severe side effects and gave adults with relapsed ALL a real chance at durable remission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obecabtagene-autoleucel.md - OBI-902 (treatment): OBI-902 is an antibody-drug conjugate from OBI Pharma, Inc, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obi-902.md - OBI-992 (treatment): OBI-992 is an antibody-drug conjugate from OBI Pharma, Inc, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obi-992.md - Obinutuzumab (treatment): Obinutuzumab is a glycoengineered CD20 antibody that recruits immune cells and kills B cells more directly than rituximab. Paired with venetoclax for a fixed 12 months in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, it keeps over half of patients treatment-free six years later, and it is also used in follicular lymphoma; first-dose infusion reactions are common and managed by splitting the dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obinutuzumab.md - Odronextamab (treatment): Odronextamab is Regeneron's CD20 bispecific, approved in Europe for lymphoma and in the US for follicular lymphoma after earlier FDA rejections over confirmatory-trial enrolment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/odronextamab.md - Ofatumumab (treatment): Ofatumumab (Arzerra) is a fully human anti-CD20 antibody for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, used with chlorambucil in untreated patients or alone after other drugs have failed; the same molecule is sold as Kesimpta for multiple sclerosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ofatumumab.md - Olaparib (treatment): Olaparib was the first PARP inhibitor, and turned an inherited BRCA mutation from a risk factor into a drug target, including after surgery in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olaparib.md - Olaratumab (treatment): Olaratumab was approved in 2016 with doxorubicin for soft tissue sarcoma after a small trial suggested it added almost a year of life, but the large confirmatory trial found no benefit and it was withdrawn in 2019, a warning case for accelerated approvals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olaratumab.md - Oleclumab (treatment): Oleclumab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from AstraZeneca in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and colorectal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oleclumab.md - Olmutinib (treatment): Olmutinib was a Korean-developed EGFR pill approved in South Korea in 2016 for lung cancers that had developed the T790M resistance mutation, the same niche as osimertinib; severe skin reactions and osimertinib's success ended its development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olmutinib.md - Olomorasib (treatment): Olomorasib is Lilly's KRAS G12C pill, designed to combine safely with immunotherapy in first-line lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olomorasib.md - Olutasidenib (treatment): Olutasidenib is a second IDH1 inhibitor for relapsed AML, with a higher response rate in its pivotal cohort than ivosidenib had in its own. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olutasidenib.md - Olverembatinib (treatment): Olverembatinib is Ascentage Pharma's third-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor, approved in China in 2021 for chronic myeloid leukaemia carrying the T315I mutation, and now in global phase 3 trials against the established drugs; it was the one China-only approval OnCo found missing from the headline list. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olverembatinib.md - Olvimulogene nanivacirepvec (treatment): Olvimulogene nanivacirepvec is an experimental oncolytic virus from Genelux in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olvimulogene-nanivacirepvec.md - Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (treatment): Omacetaxine (Synribo) is a twice-daily injection under the skin for chronic myeloid leukaemia that has stopped responding to at least two tyrosine kinase inhibitor pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/omacetaxine.md - Omidubicel (treatment): An expanded umbilical cord blood graft that shortens the dangerous wait for neutrophils to return after a transplant for blood cancer, the first cell therapy approved to speed engraftment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/omidubicel.md - Oncodetect (treatment): Exact Sciences' entry into the leftover-cancer blood test market, launched in 2025 for bowel cancer follow-up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncodetect.md - Oncomine Dx Target Test (treatment): The first FDA-approved gene panel that could match one biopsy to several different lung cancer drugs at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncomine-dx-target-test.md - Oncotype DX (treatment): A 21-gene test that tells most women with early hormone-positive breast cancer whether they can safely skip chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncotype-dx.md - Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score (treatment): A 17-gene biopsy test that helps men with newly diagnosed low-risk prostate cancer decide whether to watch or treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncotype-dx-gps.md - Ondansetron (treatment): Ondansetron (Zofran) was the drug that made cisplatin-type chemotherapy bearable. It blocks the serotonin signal that triggers vomiting and is now a cheap generic tablet, dissolving wafer or injection used across cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ondansetron.md - Onvansertib (treatment): Onvansertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from Cardiff Oncology, in registered phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/onvansertib.md - Opevesostat (treatment): Opevesostat is an experimental small-molecule drug from Merck Sharp & Dohme in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/opevesostat.md - Oprelvekin (treatment): Oprelvekin was the first drug approved, in 1997, to prevent the severe platelet falls that chemotherapy causes, but fluid retention and heart rhythm problems limited it and it was withdrawn in 2011; thrombopoietin agonists took over the problem. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oprelvekin.md - Optellum Virtual Nodule Clinic (treatment): The first AI cleared to estimate how likely a lung nodule on a CT scan is to be cancer, helping doctors decide who needs a biopsy and who can wait. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/optellum-virtual-nodule-clinic.md - Optune / Optune Pax (TTFields) (treatment): Optune is a wearable device delivering electric fields that disrupt cell division. It is approved for glioblastoma and, in 2026, pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/optune.md - OR502 (treatment): OR502 is a monoclonal antibody from OncoResponse, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer, melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/or502.md - Oregovomab (treatment): Oregovomab is an experimental monoclonal antibody from CanariaBio in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oregovomab.md - Orelabrutinib (treatment): Orelabrutinib is InnoCare's BTK-blocking pill for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma, approved in China in 2020. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orelabrutinib.md - OSE2101 (treatment): OSE2101 is an experimental cancer vaccine from OSE Immunotherapeutics in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at HER2 and CEACAM5. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ose2101.md - Osimertinib (treatment): Osimertinib (Tagrisso) is the standard pill for EGFR-mutant lung cancer, now also given after surgery and with chemotherapy or after chemoradiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/osimertinib.md - Oxaliplatin (treatment): The platinum drug that works in bowel cancer where cisplatin does not, the 'OX' in FOLFOX and CAPOX; its cost is nerve damage in hands and feet. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oxaliplatin.md - Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel (treatment): A microtubule poison discovered in the Pacific yew tree, among the most used chemotherapies in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paclitaxel.md - Pacritinib (treatment): The JAK inhibitor for myelofibrosis patients whose platelet counts are too low for ruxolitinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pacritinib.md - Padeliporfin (treatment): Tookad is a light-activated drug for men with low-risk prostate cancer in one side of the prostate. It is infused and then switched on with laser fibres placed in the gland, destroying the cancer-bearing tissue as an alternative to watchful waiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/padeliporfin.md - Pafolacianine (treatment): An injected dye that makes ovarian and lung cancer deposits glow during surgery so surgeons can find lesions they would otherwise miss. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pafolacianine.md - Paige Prostate Detect (treatment): The first AI for reading biopsy slides authorised by the FDA, which points pathologists to prostate cancer they might otherwise miss. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paige-prostate.md - Palacaparib (treatment): Palacaparib is an experimental small-molecule drug from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and endometrial cancer, aimed at PARP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palacaparib.md - Palbociclib (treatment): Palbociclib was the first CDK4/6 inhibitor (2015), and in 2026 became the first approved as maintenance in HER2-positive, hormone-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palbociclib.md - Palifermin (treatment): Palifermin (Kepivance) is a growth factor injected for three days before and after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue to reduce the severe mouth ulcers (mucositis) that this treatment causes in people with blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palifermin.md - Palonosetron (treatment): Palonosetron (Aloxi) is a long-acting anti-sickness injection given once before chemotherapy; a single dose covers both the first day and the delayed nausea that follows. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palonosetron.md - Pamidronate (treatment): Pamidronate (Aredia) is a bisphosphonate infusion approved in 1991 for dangerously high blood calcium in cancer and later for bone damage from myeloma and breast cancer, where it roughly halved skeletal complications. Its two-hour infusion, against fifteen minutes for zoledronic acid, pushed most centres to switch, though it is cheaper and may cause less jaw osteonecrosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pamidronate.md - Pamiparib (treatment): Pamiparib is an oral parp inhibitor from BeiGene, in registered phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pamiparib.md - Panitumumab (treatment): Panitumumab is a fully human EGFR antibody, the preferred first-line partner for chemotherapy in left-sided, RAS-normal bowel cancer after the PARADIGM trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/panitumumab.md - Panobinostat (treatment): An HDAC inhibitor for relapsed myeloma approved in 2015 and withdrawn in 2021 after its confirmatory trial was never completed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/panobinostat.md - Parsaclisib (treatment): Parsaclisib is an oral pi3k inhibitor from Incyte Corporation, in registered phase 2 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parsaclisib.md - Pasritamig (treatment): Pasritamig is Johnson & Johnson's bispecific T-cell engager that binds KLK2 on prostate cancer cells and CD3 on T cells, with a deliberately low-affinity CD3 arm. In phase 1 about 40% of patients had a PSA50 response with far less cytokine release syndrome than other engagers, and a phase 3 trial began in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pasritamig.md - Patritumab deruxtecan (treatment): A HER3-directed ADC with Enhertu's payload, active in lung and all subtypes of breast cancer, but with a bumpy regulatory road. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patritumab-deruxtecan.md - Pazopanib (treatment): Pazopanib is the only multi-kinase inhibitor approved for soft-tissue sarcoma (excluding fat-derived tumours), used after chemotherapy fails. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pazopanib.md - PBP1510 (treatment): PBP1510 is a monoclonal antibody from Prestige Biopharma Limited, in registered phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pbp1510.md - PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx (treatment): The 22C3 pharmDx assay is the PD-L1 stain tied to pembrolizumab since 2015 and the source of the combined positive score (CPS). The cut-off differs by cancer: 1% of tumour cells in lung cancer, CPS 1 in gastric, cervical and head and neck cancer, CPS 10 in oesophageal and triple-negative breast cancer, so one stain is read differently per disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx.md - Pegfilgrastim (treatment): Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) is a long-acting form of the growth factor G-CSF, given once per chemotherapy cycle to speed white cell recovery and prevent febrile neutropenia; one dose replaces about eleven daily filgrastim injections. Biosimilars have been sold since 2018 and the Onpro on-body injector delivers it automatically the day after chemotherapy; bone pain is the main side effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pegfilgrastim.md - Peginterferon alfa-2b (treatment): Peginterferon alfa-2b, a long-acting interferon, was approved in 2011 as Sylatron for melanoma that had spread to lymph nodes and been removed, to delay recurrence; checkpoint inhibitors have since replaced it in that role. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peginterferon-alfa-2b.md - Pegulicianine (treatment): A cavity-imaging dye used during breast lumpectomy to spot leftover tumour before the operation ends, reducing second surgeries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pegulicianine.md - Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (treatment): Doxorubicin wrapped in a fatty bubble so it reaches tumours with less heart damage; a workhorse of relapsed ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pegylated-liposomal-doxorubicin.md - Pelabresib (treatment): Pelabresib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Novartis Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pelabresib.md - Peluntamig (treatment): Peluntamig is an experimental bispecific antibody from Phanes Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and neuroendocrine tumours, aimed at CD47 and DLL3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peluntamig.md - Pembrolizumab (treatment): Pembrolizumab is a PD-1 blocking antibody approved in more than 40 settings, from melanoma and lung cancer to the first tumour-agnostic approval for mismatch-repair-deficient tumours in 2017, and before and after surgery in triple-negative breast cancer. A subcutaneous form arrived in 2025, and it is the backbone partner for ADCs and personalised neoantigen vaccines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pembrolizumab.md - Pemetrexed (treatment): Pemetrexed is the chemotherapy that, with a platinum drug, became the first approved treatment for mesothelioma in 2004, and is still the backbone today. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pemetrexed.md - Pemigatinib (treatment): Pemigatinib was the first targeted therapy for bile duct cancer, for tumours with an FGFR2 gene fusion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pemigatinib.md - Penpulimab (treatment): Penpulimab is a Chinese PD-1 antibody approved in the US in 2025 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the second after toripalimab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/penpulimab.md - Pentostatin (treatment): An intravenous drug given every other week that produces long remissions in hairy cell leukaemia by poisoning the leukaemic lymphocytes' purine metabolism; cladribine is the one-week alternative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pentostatin.md - Pertuzumab (treatment): A second HER2 antibody that binds a different spot from trastuzumab, blocking HER2 from pairing with HER3; together they extended survival by 16 months in CLEOPATRA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pertuzumab.md - Petosemtamab (treatment): A two-armed antibody that blocks EGFR while gripping LGR5, a marker of cancer stem cells, so it hits the cells that regrow tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/petosemtamab.md - Pexidartinib (treatment): Pexidartinib is the first drug for tenosynovial giant cell tumour, a benign but destructive joint tumour; it is effective but has liver toxicity that requires a restricted programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pexidartinib.md - PF-07248144 (treatment): PF-07248144 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Pfizer in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pf-07248144.md - PF-08046054 (treatment): PF-08046054 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Pfizer in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pf-08046054.md - PF-08634404 (treatment): PF-08634404 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Pfizer in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pf-08634404.md - Piflufolastat F-18 / Pylarify TruVu (treatment): Piflufolastat F-18 (Pylarify) is the leading PSMA PET tracer for prostate cancer, with a new formulation approved in March 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pylarify.md - Pimicotinib (treatment): Pimicotinib is an oral kinase inhibitor from Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, in registered phase 2 trials for tenosynovial giant cell tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pimicotinib.md - Pipobroman (treatment): Pipobroman was an oral tablet approved in 1966 for polycythaemia vera, the blood disorder that makes too many red cells, and for chronic myeloid leukaemia; it was discontinued after studies showed it raised the risk of leukaemia compared with hydroxycarbamide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pipobroman.md - Pirarubicin (treatment): Pirarubicin is a doxorubicin relative developed in Japan and used there and in China for breast cancer, lymphoma, bladder cancer and other tumours, including instillation into the bladder after tumour resection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pirarubicin.md - Pirtobrutinib (treatment): A BTK blocker that works after the older ones stop, because it grips a different part of the enzyme. Fully approved for CLL in December 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pirtobrutinib.md - Pivekimab sunirine (treatment): Pivekimab sunirine is an antibody-drug conjugate against CD123, approved in 2026 for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm as the second targeted drug for this rare cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pivekimab-sunirine.md - Pixantrone (treatment): Pixantrone is an anthracycline-like drug engineered to spare the heart, approved in the European Union in 2012 as a single agent for adults with aggressive B-cell lymphoma that has relapsed several times. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pixantrone.md - Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE) (treatment): Platinum plus etoposide has been the chemotherapy backbone of small-cell lung cancer for over 40 years, and is now given with immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/platinum-etoposide.md - Plerixafor (treatment): Plerixafor (Mozobil) is an injection given with G-CSF to flush stem cells out of the bone marrow into the blood so that enough can be collected for an autologous transplant in myeloma or lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/plerixafor.md - Plicamycin (treatment): Plicamycin, approved in 1970, was a chemotherapy for testicular cancer that fell out of use as cisplatin arrived, and was kept for treating dangerously high calcium levels caused by cancer until it was discontinued in 2000. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/plicamycin.md - Plitidepsin (treatment): Plitidepsin is a chemotherapy derived from a Mediterranean sea squirt, approved in Australia in 2018 with dexamethasone for multiple myeloma after several other treatments; the European regulator refused it, and it drew attention in 2021 as a possible COVID-19 antiviral. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/plitidepsin.md - PM8002 (treatment): PM8002 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Biotheus in phase 3 trials for small-cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumours, aimed at PD-L1 and VEGF / VEGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pm8002.md - Polatuzumab vedotin (treatment): Polatuzumab vedotin is an ADC against CD79b that, swapped into the classic R-CHOP regimen, became the first improvement on frontline lymphoma therapy in twenty years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polatuzumab-vedotin.md - Pomalidomide (treatment): The third-generation thalidomide analogue for myeloma that has failed lenalidomide, and since 2020 the first new drug for Kaposi sarcoma in two decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pomalidomide.md - Ponatinib (treatment): Ponatinib is the only BCR::ABL1 inhibitor that covers the T315I resistance mutation. In 2024 it became the preferred pill for newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ponatinib.md - Ponsegromab (treatment): Ponsegromab is a monoclonal antibody from Pfizer, in registered phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ponsegromab.md - Porfimer sodium (treatment): Porfimer sodium is the drug half of photodynamic therapy: injected, it gathers in tumours, and a laser passed through an endoscope two days later activates it to burn away oesophageal and lung tumours that block the airway or gullet. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/porfimer-sodium.md - Pralatrexate (treatment): Pralatrexate was the first drug approved specifically for relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma; about a third of patients respond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pralatrexate.md - Pralsetinib (treatment): Pralsetinib is the second selective RET pill for lung cancer, less used than selpercatinib after a change of owner and label. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pralsetinib.md - Precemtabart tocentecan (treatment): Precemtabart tocentecan is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from EMD Serono Research & Development Institute in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer, aimed at CEACAM5. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/precemtabart-tocentecan.md - Prednisone (treatment): Prednisone is the everyday steroid tablet in cancer care. It is the P in CHOP and MOPP for lymphoma, part of childhood leukaemia treatment, and taken with abiraterone in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prednisone.md - Procarbazine (treatment): Procarbazine (Matulane) is an old chemotherapy capsule from the MOPP regimen for Hodgkin lymphoma; it is now used mainly in the PCV combination for certain brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/procarbazine.md - ProFound AI (iCAD) (treatment): The first AI cleared for 3D mammography in the US, now part of RadNet's imaging network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icad-profound-ai.md - Progestins (megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD) (treatment): Progesterone-like hormones that can reverse early endometrial cancer in women who want to keep their uterus, and control advanced hormone-sensitive disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/megestrol-progestins.md - Prolaris (treatment): A gene test on a prostate biopsy that estimates how aggressive the cancer is, to help decide between active surveillance and treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prolaris.md - Propranolol (Hemangeol) (treatment): Hemangeol is a liquid form of the blood-pressure drug propranolol approved to shrink infantile haemangiomas, the common benign blood-vessel tumours of babies, replacing steroids and surgery for most children who need treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/propranolol-hemangeol.md - Prosigna (PAM50) (treatment): A 50-gene test run in local hospital laboratories that estimates the ten-year risk of a hormone-positive breast cancer coming back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prosigna.md - PRTX007 (treatment): PRTX007 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Primmune Therapeutics, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prtx007.md - PSMA-1007 F-18 (treatment): PSMA-1007 is a fluorine-18 PSMA PET tracer from ABX in Germany, widely used in Europe for prostate cancer staging because little of it reaches the bladder, and in a phase 3 trial registered by its maker. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psma-1007-f18.md - Pucotenlimab (treatment): Pucotenlimab is Lepu Biopharma's PD-1 antibody, approved in China in 2022 for mismatch-repair-deficient solid tumours and for melanoma, and in a phase 3 trial in colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pucotenlimab.md - Purinostat (treatment): Purinostat is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology in phase 3 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/purinostat.md - Puxitatug samrotecan (treatment): Puxitatug samrotecan is a B7-H4 ADC targeting a checkpoint-like protein enriched in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/puxitatug-samrotecan.md - Pyrotinib (treatment): Pyrotinib is an irreversible pan-ErbB kinase inhibitor pill (EGFR, HER2, HER4) from Jiangsu Hengrui, approved in China since 2018 but not in the US or EU. It is the standard HER2 pill there, given with capecitabine after trastuzumab, and the comparator that new Chinese HER2 ADCs are beating; diarrhoea affects nearly every patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pyrotinib.md - QL1706 (treatment): QL1706 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Qilu Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ql1706.md - QL2107 (treatment): QL2107 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Qilu Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ql2107.md - QLC5508 (treatment): QLC5508 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Qilu Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for oesophageal cancer, prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at B7-H3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qlc5508.md - QLH12016 (treatment): QLH12016 is an experimental protein degrader from Qilu Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at Androgen receptor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qlh12016.md - QLS31905 (treatment): QLS31905 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Qilu Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qls31905.md - QLS32015 (treatment): QLS32015 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Qilu Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qls32015.md - Quemliclustat (treatment): Quemliclustat is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Arcus Biosciences in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quemliclustat.md - Quizartinib (treatment): Quizartinib is a more selective FLT3 blocker that, added to chemotherapy, roughly doubled median survival in the highest-risk FLT3 subtype. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quizartinib.md - RaDaR (treatment): NeoGenomics' personalised blood test for tiny amounts of leftover cancer, tracking up to 48 mutations from the patient's own tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radar-mrd.md - Radioactive iodine (I-131) (treatment): The original targeted radiotherapy: thyroid cells soak up iodine, so radioactive iodine destroys leftover thyroid tissue and metastases while sparing everything else. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radioactive-iodine.md - Radium-223 dichloride (treatment): Radium-223 was the first alpha-emitting drug ever approved (2013). It homes to bone like calcium and treats prostate cancer that has spread only to bone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radium-223.md - Radotinib (treatment): Radotinib is an oral kinase inhibitor from Il-Yang Pharm. Co., Ltd., in registered phase 3 trials for chronic myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radotinib.md - Raloxifene (treatment): Raloxifene (Evista) is an osteoporosis tablet that also lowers the chance of developing invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women at higher risk, with fewer womb-cancer problems than tamoxifen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raloxifene.md - Raltitrexed (treatment): Raltitrexed is a three-weekly intravenous antifolate used in Europe, Canada and Australia for advanced bowel cancer, and with cisplatin for mesothelioma, in patients who cannot take fluorouracil. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raltitrexed.md - Raludotatug deruxtecan (treatment): Raludotatug deruxtecan is a CDH6 ADC in phase 3 for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raludotatug-deruxtecan.md - Ramucirumab (treatment): An antibody that blocks the VEGF receptor, approved in liver cancer only for patients with a high AFP blood level, the first biomarker-selected HCC drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramucirumab.md - Rasburicase (treatment): Rasburicase (Elitek) is an enzyme infusion that rapidly dissolves the uric acid released when large numbers of leukaemia or lymphoma cells die at the start of treatment, protecting the kidneys from tumour lysis syndrome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rasburicase.md - Ravulizumab (treatment): Ravulizumab is an eight-weekly infusion that blocks the complement system; it treats paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, a clonal bone marrow disorder managed by haematologists alongside aplastic anaemia and myelodysplasia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ravulizumab.md - RC118-ADC (treatment): RC118-ADC is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from RemeGen in phase 2 trials, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rc118-adc.md - RC148 (treatment): RC148 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from RemeGen in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rc148.md - Recombinant human endostatin (treatment): Endostar is Simcere's recombinant endostatin, approved in China in 2005 with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, one of the first angiogenesis inhibitors approved anywhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/recombinant-human-endostatin.md - REGN7075 (treatment): REGN7075 is a bispecific antibody from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/regn7075.md - Regorafenib (treatment): A sorafenib successor that became the first second-line drug proven to prolong life in liver cancer (2017). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/regorafenib.md - Relacorilant (treatment): A first-in-class drug that blocks cortisol signalling in tumour cells, approved in 2026 for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer with chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relacorilant.md - Relatlimab + nivolumab (treatment): Opdualag combines relatlimab, the first drug targeting the LAG-3 immune brake, with nivolumab for melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relatlimab-nivolumab.md - Relmacabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Relma-cel was the first CAR-T therapy developed and made in China to be approved, for large B-cell lymphoma that has come back after two treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relmacabtagene-autoleucel.md - Relugolix (treatment): Relugolix is the first hormone-suppressing pill for prostate cancer, working within days and wearing off quickly when stopped. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relugolix.md - REM-422 (treatment): REM-422 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Remix Therapeutics, in registered phase 2 trials for salivary gland cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rem-422.md - Remestemcel-L (treatment): Donor bone marrow stromal cells given to children whose acute graft-versus-host disease no longer responds to steroids, the first mesenchymal stromal cell therapy approved in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/remestemcel-l.md - Repotrectinib (treatment): A ROS1 and NTRK pill that also works after other ROS1 drugs fail, with dizziness as its signature side effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/repotrectinib.md - Resolution ctDx FIRST (treatment): A blood test approved with adagrasib to find the KRAS G12C mutation in lung cancer when a tissue biopsy is not possible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resolution-ctdx-first.md - Retifanlimab (treatment): Retifanlimab is a PD-1 antibody approved for Merkel cell carcinoma and, with chemotherapy, as the first immunotherapy standard for advanced anal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/retifanlimab.md - Retlirafusp alfa (treatment): Retlirafusp alfa is Hengrui's PD-L1 and TGF-beta bifunctional antibody, in phase 3 trials with chemotherapy in gastric cancer after the Western class leader bintrafusp alfa failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/retlirafusp-alfa.md - Revumenib (treatment): Revumenib (Revuforj) is the first menin inhibitor (2024), for acute leukaemias with KMT2A rearrangements or NPM1 mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/revumenib.md - Rezvilutamide (treatment): Rezvilutamide is Hengrui's androgen receptor blocker, approved in China in 2022 for high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer on the CHART trial, where it improved survival over bicalutamide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rezvilutamide.md - Ribociclib (treatment): Ribociclib is the CDK4/6 inhibitor with the most consistent survival benefit, approved for a broad population of early breast cancer patients since 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ribociclib.md - Rilvegostomig (treatment): Rilvegostomig is an experimental bispecific antibody from AstraZeneca in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PD-1 and TIGIT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rilvegostomig.md - Rinatabart sesutecan (treatment): Rinatabart sesutecan is a next-generation folate-receptor ADC with a topoisomerase payload that responds in both ovarian and endometrial cancer regardless of receptor level. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rinatabart-sesutecan.md - Rindopepimut (treatment): Rindopepimut is a peptide vaccine against EGFRvIII, a mutant protein found only on some glioblastomas. After a phase 2 that beat historical controls, the 745-patient double-blind phase 3 ACT IV found no benefit in 2016, and tumours in both arms had lost EGFRvIII at recurrence, a lesson in antigen escape. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rindopepimut.md - Rinzimetostat (treatment): Rinzimetostat is an experimental small-molecule drug from ORIC Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rinzimetostat.md - Ripretinib (treatment): A fourth-line GIST drug that locks KIT in an off state regardless of which resistance mutation the tumour has acquired. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ripretinib.md - Rituximab (treatment): Rituximab was the first antibody ever approved for cancer (1997). It made chemoimmunotherapy the CLL standard for a decade, and biosimilars keep it cheap and everywhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rituximab.md - Rivoceranib (apatinib) (treatment): Apatinib, sold as rivoceranib outside China, was the first pill of its kind approved for stomach cancer and is now the partner of camrelizumab in first-line liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rivoceranib.md - RNK05047 (treatment): RNK05047 is a targeted protein degrader from Ranok Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rnk05047.md - RO7771950 (treatment): RO7771950 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Hoffmann-La Roche in phase 3 trials for HER2-positive breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ro7771950.md - Rocbrutinib (treatment): Rocbrutinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Guangzhou Lupeng Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rocbrutinib.md - Roginolisib (treatment): Roginolisib is an oral pi3k inhibitor from iOnctura, in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roginolisib.md - Rolapitant (treatment): Rolapitant (Varubi) is a long-lasting anti-sickness tablet taken once before chemotherapy, alongside a 5-HT3 blocker and dexamethasone, to prevent nausea and vomiting in the days after treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rolapitant.md - Romidepsin (treatment): Romidepsin is an epigenetic drug for T-cell lymphomas of the skin and lymph nodes; its US lymph-node indication was withdrawn when a confirmatory trial failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/romidepsin.md - Romiplostim (treatment): Romiplostim is a weekly injection that tells the bone marrow to make more platelets; it is approved for immune thrombocytopenia and for radiation injury, and is being tested for the low platelets that chemotherapy causes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/romiplostim.md - Rondecabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Rondecabtagene autoleucel is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Lyell Immunopharma in phase 3 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma, aimed at CD19 and CD20. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rondecabtagene-autoleucel.md - Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (treatment): Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is a long-acting interferon for polycythaemia vera that, unlike hydroxyurea, can shrink the mutant clone over years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ropeginterferon-alfa-2b.md - Rovalpituzumab tesirine (treatment): Rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T) was the first drug against DLL3 in small-cell lung cancer. AbbVie bought it for $5.8B and abandoned it after two failed phase 3 trials. The target later worked with a different weapon. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rovalpituzumab-tesirine.md - RPH-051 (treatment): RPH-051 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from R-Pharm in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rph-051.md - Rucaparib (treatment): A PARP inhibitor for BRCA-mutated ovarian and prostate cancer whose original maker went bankrupt; still available, with a narrowed label. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rucaparib.md - Rusfertide (treatment): Rusfertide is the first drug to control polycythaemia vera's excess red cells by restricting iron, sparing patients repeated blood removal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rusfertide.md - Ruxolitinib (treatment): Ruxolitinib was the first JAK inhibitor: it shrinks the spleen and relieves symptoms in myelofibrosis and controls blood counts in polycythaemia vera, without eliminating the disease clone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ruxolitinib.md - RV001V (treatment): RV001V is a cancer vaccine from RhoVac APS, in registered phase 2 trials for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rv001v.md - RVU120 (treatment): RVU120 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Ryvu Therapeutics SA, in registered phase 2 trials for acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rvu120.md - Sabatolimab (treatment): Sabatolimab is a monoclonal antibody from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, in registered phase 2 trials for myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sabatolimab.md - Sacituzumab govitecan (treatment): The first TROP2-targeted ADC. It delivers a strong chemotherapy directly to breast and bladder cancer cells and is now a first-line option in triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sacituzumab-govitecan.md - Sacituzumab tirumotecan (treatment): Sacituzumab tirumotecan is Kelun-Biotech's TROP2 ADC, approved in China in 2024 for pretreated triple-negative breast cancer and then EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Merck holds rights outside Greater China and runs the TroFuse programme of more than ten phase 3 trials across breast, lung, endometrial and cervical cancer; in the US it holds a priority voucher but no approval yet. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sacituzumab-tirumotecan.md - Safusidenib (treatment): Safusidenib is an experimental small molecule inhibitor from Nuvation Bio in phase 3 trials for glioma & glioblastoma, aimed at IDH1 / IDH2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/safusidenib.md - Samarium-153 lexidronam (treatment): Quadramet (samarium-153 lexidronam) is a radioactive bone-seeking injection that lodges in bone metastases and irradiates them from inside, approved in 1997 to relieve pain from prostate, breast and other cancers spread to bone. Most patients get relief within one to two weeks, but marrow suppression follows at three to five weeks, and radium-223 and PSMA radioligands have largely replaced it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/samarium-153-lexidronam.md - Samuraciclib (treatment): Samuraciclib is an oral cdk inhibitor from Pfizer, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/samuraciclib.md - Sapanisertib (treatment): Sapanisertib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Faeth Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and endometrial cancer, aimed at mTOR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sapanisertib.md - Sargramostim (treatment): Sargramostim is a lab-made version of GM-CSF, the signal that tells bone marrow to make white cells; approved in 1991, it shortens the dangerous low-count period after leukaemia chemotherapy and stem cell transplants. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sargramostim.md - Saruparib (treatment): Saruparib is an experimental small-molecule drug from AstraZeneca in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PARP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/saruparib.md - Sasanlimab (treatment): Sasanlimab is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Pfizer in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, aimed at PD-1 and PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sasanlimab.md - Satricabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Satricabtagene autoleucel (satri-cel) is the first CAR-T therapy approved for a solid tumour (gastric cancer), in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/satricabtagene-autoleucel.md - Savolitinib (treatment): Savolitinib is a Chinese-discovered pill that blocks the MET growth signal, approved in China for lung cancers with a MET exon 14 mutation and being tested worldwide with osimertinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/savolitinib.md - SCTB14 (treatment): SCTB14 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Sinocelltech in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sctb14.md - SCTB35 (treatment): SCTB35 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Sinocelltech in phase 3 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sctb35.md - SCTB41 (treatment): SCTB41 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Sinocelltech in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sctb41.md - SCTC21C (treatment): SCTC21C is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Sinocelltech in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sctc21c.md - Selicrelumab (treatment): Selicrelumab is a monoclonal antibody from Hoffmann-La Roche, in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/selicrelumab.md - Selinexor (treatment): Selinexor is a first-in-class pill that traps tumour-suppressor proteins inside the nucleus; approved in myeloma, it failed its endometrial cancer test in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/selinexor.md - Selpercatinib (treatment): Selpercatinib is a selective RET inhibitor approved for any tumour with a RET fusion, with a further label update in July 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/selpercatinib.md - Selumetinib (treatment): Selumetinib (Koselugo) is the first medicine for children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 whose plexiform neurofibromas, benign but disfiguring and painful nerve tumours, cannot be removed by surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/selumetinib.md - Serabelisib (treatment): Serabelisib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Faeth Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and endometrial cancer, aimed at PIK3CA / PI3K-alpha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serabelisib.md - Serplulimab (treatment): Serplulimab is a Chinese PD-1 antibody with the largest survival gain of any first-line small-cell lung cancer immunotherapy trial, approved in China, Europe, and the UK but not yet the US. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serplulimab.md - Setidegrasib (treatment): Setidegrasib is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Astellas Pharma Global Development in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/setidegrasib.md - Sevabertinib (treatment): Sevabertinib is an oral HER2 inhibitor for lung cancers with HER2 mutations, approved in November 2025 as an alternative to Enhertu and zongertinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sevabertinib.md - SG301 (treatment): SG301 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Hangzhou Sumgen Biotech in phase 3 trials for multiple myeloma, aimed at CD38. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sg301.md - SGM-101 (treatment): SGM-101 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Surgimab in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer, aimed at CEACAM5. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sgm-101.md - Shield (treatment): The first FDA-approved blood test for colorectal cancer screening (2024), now optionally reporting other cancers too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shield.md - SHR-1501 (treatment): SHR-1501 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shr-1501.md - SHR-8068 (treatment): SHR-8068 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for biliary tract cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and cervical cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shr-8068.md - SHR-A1912 (treatment): SHR-A1912 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shr-a1912.md - SHR-A1921 (treatment): SHR-A1921 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shr-a1921.md - SHR-A2009 (treatment): SHR-A2009 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shr-a2009.md - SHR-A2102 (treatment): SHR-A2102 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for cervical cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shr-a2102.md - SI-B001 (treatment): SI-B001 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/si-b001.md - Signatera (treatment): Signatera is Natera's tumour-informed blood test that tracks 16 mutations from each patient's own tumour to detect residual or returning cancer after surgery. Medicare covers it in colorectal, breast, bladder, lung and ovarian cancer and for immunotherapy monitoring, and in 2026 it selected the bladder cancer patients for the first approval based on circulating tumour DNA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/signatera.md - Silevertinib (treatment): Silevertinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Black Diamond Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/silevertinib.md - Siltuximab (treatment): Siltuximab (Sylvant) is an antibody that neutralises the inflammatory messenger interleukin-6. It is the only approved treatment for multicentric Castleman disease, a rare lymph node disorder, in people without HIV or HHV-8 infection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/siltuximab.md - SIM0270 (treatment): SIM0270 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sim0270.md - SimpleScreen CRC (treatment): The second FDA-approved blood test for bowel cancer screening, from Freenome, sold by Abbott from late 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/simplescreen-crc.md - Sintilimab (treatment): Sintilimab is Innovent's PD-1 antibody, approved in China since 2018 for Hodgkin lymphoma and then, on the ORIENT trials, for first-line lung, liver, oesophageal and stomach cancer. In 2022 the FDA rejected its lung cancer application because a China-only trial against chemotherapy did not fit US practice, defining the agency's stance on single-country data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sintilimab.md - Sipuleucel-T (treatment): Sipuleucel-T was the first therapeutic cancer vaccine approved (2010): it lengthened survival in metastatic prostate cancer by about four months without shrinking tumours or lowering PSA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sipuleucel-t.md - Sirolimus protein-bound particles (treatment): Fyarro is an infusion of the transplant drug sirolimus packaged in albumin particles. It is the first approved treatment for malignant PEComa, a rare soft-tissue tumour driven by loss of the TSC genes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sirolimus-albumin-bound.md - Sitneprotafib (treatment): Sitneprotafib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Allist Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sitneprotafib.md - SKB105 (treatment): SKB105 is an antibody-drug conjugate from Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/skb105.md - Socazolimab (treatment): Socazolimab is Lee's Pharmaceutical's PD-L1 antibody, in phase 3 trials in China for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer and recurrent cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/socazolimab.md - Sodium thiosulfate (otoprotectant) (treatment): An old antidote proven in two paediatric trials to halve permanent hearing loss from cisplatin, and approved in 2022 as the first drug to prevent a chemotherapy side effect in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sodium-thiosulfate.md - Sofetabart Mipitecan (treatment): Sofetabart Mipitecan is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Eli Lilly and in phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer, aimed at Folate receptor alpha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sofetabart-mipitecan.md - Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide) (treatment): Monthly injections of a synthetic hormone that both quiets tumour hormone symptoms and slows tumour growth, the first treatment for most neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/octreotide-lanreotide.md - Sonesitatug vedotin (treatment): Sonesitatug vedotin is a Claudin 18.2 ADC in phase 3 for gastric cancer, licensed by AstraZeneca from KYM Biosciences. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cmg901.md - Sonidegib (treatment): Sonidegib (Odomzo) is the second hedgehog inhibitor for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma, similar in effect and side effects to vismodegib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sonidegib.md - Sonrotoclax (treatment): Sonrotoclax is a more potent, shorter-acting successor to venetoclax. It was approved for mantle cell lymphoma in May 2026 and is in late-stage trials with zanubrutinib for CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sonrotoclax.md - Soquelitinib (treatment): Soquelitinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Corvus Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for peripheral T-cell lymphomas, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/soquelitinib.md - Sorafenib (treatment): The first drug ever to extend life in advanced liver cancer (2007), now mostly a comparator arm that newer combinations are measured against. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sorafenib.md - Sotevtamab (treatment): Sotevtamab is a monoclonal antibody from Alethia Biotherapeutics, in registered phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sotevtamab.md - Sotorasib (treatment): Sotorasib (Lumakras) was the first drug to hit KRAS, approved in 2021 after four decades of failure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sotorasib.md - Spartalizumab (treatment): Spartalizumab is a monoclonal antibody from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, in registered phase 2 trials for myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spartalizumab.md - Spevatamig (treatment): Spevatamig is an experimental bispecific antibody from Phanes Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and biliary tract cancer, aimed at Claudin 18.2 and CD47. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spevatamig.md - SPH4336 (treatment): SPH4336 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Shanghai Pharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sph4336.md - SSGJ-612 (treatment): SSGJ-612 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ssgj-612.md - SSGJ-705 (treatment): SSGJ-705 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials, aimed at PD-1 and HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ssgj-705.md - SSGJ-706 (treatment): SSGJ-706 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PD-1 and PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ssgj-706.md - STI-6129 (treatment): STI-6129 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Zhejiang ACEA Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for multiple myeloma, aimed at CD38. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sti-6129.md - STP938 (treatment): STP938 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Step Pharma, SAS, in registered phase 2 trials for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stp938.md - Streptozocin (treatment): Streptozocin is a chemotherapy drug that seeks out pancreatic islet cells, approved in 1982 for the rare tumours that arise from them; the same selectivity makes it the standard way to induce diabetes in laboratory animals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/streptozocin.md - Sugemalimab (treatment): Sugemalimab is CStone's PD-L1 antibody, approved in China for first-line lung cancer with chemotherapy and after chemoradiotherapy in stage III disease, and the first China-developed PD-L1 antibody to win European approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sugemalimab.md - Sunitinib (treatment): Sunitinib is an anti-angiogenic pill approved for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, kidney cancer and GIST. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunitinib.md - Sunvozertinib (treatment): An oral drug for EGFR exon 20 insertion lung cancer that succeeded where mobocertinib failed; approved in China (2023) and the US (2025). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunvozertinib.md - Surufatinib (treatment): Surufatinib is HUTCHMED's angio-immuno kinase inhibitor, approved in China in 2020 for non-pancreatic and in 2021 for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surufatinib.md - SYS6010 (treatment): SYS6010 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sys6010.md - SYS6023 (treatment): SYS6023 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at HER3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sys6023.md - T3011 (treatment): T3011 is an experimental small-molecule drug from ImmVira Pharma in phase 2 trials for melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and sarcomas, aimed at PD-1 and PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/t3011.md - Tabelecleucel (treatment): Tabelecleucel is a bank of donor T cells trained against Epstein-Barr virus, approved in Europe in 2022 as the first off-the-shelf T-cell therapy, for EBV-driven lymphoma after transplant when rituximab has failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tabelecleucel.md - TAC01-CLDN18.2 (treatment): TAC01-CLDN18.2 is an experimental TCR-T cell therapy from Triumvira Immunologics in phase 2 trials, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tac01-cldn18-2.md - Tafasitamab (treatment): A CD19 antibody given with lenalidomide for lymphoma patients who cannot have a transplant; in 2026 it showed the first frontline gain over R-CHOP in high-risk disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tafasitamab.md - Tagraxofusp (treatment): Tagraxofusp is a fusion of the growth factor IL-3 with a bacterial toxin that homes to CD123 on a rare, aggressive blood cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tagraxofusp.md - TAK-928 (treatment): TAK-928 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Takeda in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PD-1 and CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tak-928.md - Talazoparib (treatment): Talazoparib is a PARP inhibitor that traps PARP on DNA about 100 times more strongly than olaparib, which is why it works at a 1 mg daily dose. It is approved for germline BRCA-mutant HER2-negative breast cancer and, with enzalutamide, for HRR-mutant castration-resistant prostate cancer; anaemia is its dominant side effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talazoparib.md - Talc (intrapleural) (treatment): Sterile talc is puffed or instilled into the chest cavity after fluid is drained to make the lung stick to the chest wall, stopping cancer-related fluid (malignant pleural effusion) from building up again. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talc-sclerosant.md - Taletrectinib (treatment): A ROS1 lung-cancer pill approved in 2025 that works in the brain and after crizotinib, with fewer dizziness-type side effects than repotrectinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/taletrectinib.md - Talicabtagene autoleucel (treatment): India's first home-grown CAR-T cell therapy, approved in 2023 for relapsed leukaemia and lymphoma, made in Mumbai for roughly a tenth of what the same kind of treatment costs in the US. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talicabtagene-autoleucel.md - Talimogene laherparepvec (treatment): Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC, Imlygic) was the first approved oncolytic virus (2015), injected into melanoma skin lesions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talimogene-laherparepvec.md - Talquetamab (treatment): Talquetamab is the first drug against GPRC5D, a second myeloma target used after BCMA therapies stop working; taste and skin side effects are its signature. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talquetamab.md - Tamoxifen (treatment): The original targeted cancer drug (1977): a pill that blocks oestrogen's effect on breast cancer and halves recurrence, still essential for premenopausal women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tamoxifen.md - TAR-210 (treatment): TAR-210 is an experimental small molecule (intravesical drug-releasing system) from Janssen Research & Development in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, aimed at FGFR2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tar-210.md - TARA-002 (treatment): TARA-002 is an experimental cell therapy whose type is not stated from Protara Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tara-002.md - Tarlatamab (treatment): The first T-cell engager to improve survival in a common solid tumour, small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tarlatamab.md - Tasonermin (treatment): Beromun is a recombinant form of the immune protein TNF-alpha, pumped with the chemotherapy melphalan through the isolated blood supply of an arm or leg to shrink soft-tissue sarcomas so that the limb can be saved rather than amputated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tasonermin.md - Tazemetostat (treatment): Tazemetostat was the first EZH2 inhibitor, approved for epithelioid sarcoma and follicular lymphoma in 2020 and withdrawn worldwide in 2026 after secondary blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tazemetostat.md - TBI-1301 (treatment): TBI-1301 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Takara Bio in phase 3 trials for sarcomas, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tbi-1301.md - TBI-1501 (treatment): TBI-1501 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Takara Bio in phase 2 trials for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tbi-1501.md - TC011 (treatment): TC011 is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from TICAROS in phase 2 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, aimed at CD19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tc011.md - Tebentafusp (treatment): The first drug to improve survival in metastatic uveal melanoma, and the first TCR-based bispecific. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tebentafusp.md - Technetium Tc-99m sulfur colloid (treatment): Technetium sulfur colloid is the radioactive tracer injected around a breast cancer or melanoma before surgery so the surgeon can find the first lymph node the tumour drains to and remove only that node instead of the whole basin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/technetium-sulfur-colloid.md - Technetium-99m tilmanocept (treatment): The purpose-built tracer for sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer, melanoma and oral cancer, replacing off-label sulfur colloid. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tilmanocept-tc99m.md - Teclistamab (treatment): Teclistamab was the first off-the-shelf bispecific for multiple myeloma, and is now approved after just one prior line of therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/teclistamab.md - Tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil (S-1) (treatment): Teysuno (S-1) is an oral chemotherapy combining a fluorouracil pro-drug with two protectors. It is a standard in Japan and approved in Europe for stomach cancer with cisplatin and for bowel cancer when other fluoropyrimidines cause hand-foot syndrome or heart problems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil.md - Telisotuzumab adizutecan (treatment): Telisotuzumab adizutecan is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from AbbVie in phase 3 trials for colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telisotuzumab-adizutecan.md - Telisotuzumab vedotin (treatment): Telisotuzumab vedotin (Emrelis) is the first c-MET-directed ADC, approved in 2025 for lung cancer with high c-MET protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telisotuzumab-vedotin.md - Telotristat ethyl (treatment): Telotristat ethyl (Xermelo) is a tablet that cuts the serotonin that neuroendocrine tumours pour out, easing the relentless diarrhoea of carcinoid syndrome when somatostatin analogue injections are not enough. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telotristat-ethyl.md - Temoporfin (treatment): Foscan is a light-activated drug used in Europe to shrink advanced head and neck cancers that have failed other treatments and cannot be operated on, irradiated or given chemotherapy, to relieve symptoms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/temoporfin.md - Temozolomide (treatment): The only chemotherapy proven to extend life in glioblastoma, given during and after radiation. It works best when the tumour has switched off a repair gene called MGMT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/temozolomide.md - Tempus xT CDx (treatment): Tempus's tumour-and-normal gene panel, FDA-approved in 2023 as a companion test for EGFR antibodies in bowel cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tempus-xt-cdx.md - Temsirolimus (treatment): A weekly infusion that was the first drug to extend survival in poor-risk kidney cancer (2007), and in 2024 the first targeted drug to improve outcomes in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/temsirolimus.md - Tenalisib (treatment): Tenalisib is an oral pi3k inhibitor from Rhizen Pharmaceuticals SA, in registered phase 2 trials for triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tenalisib.md - Teniposide (treatment): Teniposide is a close relative of etoposide approved in the United States in 1992 for children whose acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has come back after induction, and used in Europe for childhood brain tumours and neuroblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/teniposide.md - Tepotinib (treatment): Tepotinib is a once-daily targeted pill for lung cancers driven by a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, and the MET inhibitor NICE funds in England. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tepotinib.md - Tersolisib (treatment): Tersolisib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Eli Lilly and in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at PIK3CA / PI3K-alpha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tersolisib.md - TGRX-326 (treatment): TGRX-326 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Shenzhen TargetRx in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tgrx-326.md - Thalidomide (treatment): Thalidomide is the drug behind the 1960s birth-defect tragedy, rehabilitated as the first immunomodulatory myeloma drug and the parent of lenalidomide and pomalidomide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thalidomide.md - THEO-260 (treatment): THEO-260 is an oncolytic virus from Theolytics Limited, in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/theo-260.md - therascreen companion diagnostic kits (KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, FGFR, BRAF) (treatment): A family of quick single-gene tests that decide who can have several bowel, lung, breast and bladder cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/therascreen-cdx.md - Thioguanine (treatment): Thioguanine (Tabloid) is an oral chemotherapy tablet used in some regimens to induce and consolidate remission in acute myeloid leukaemia; long-term use is avoided because it damages the liver. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thioguanine.md - Thiotepa (treatment): Thiotepa is an old chemotherapy with a modern job: at high doses it prepares patients for stem cell transplants, and it is still instilled into the bladder or body cavities for superficial bladder cancer and malignant effusions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thiotepa.md - Thyrotropin alfa (treatment): Thyrogen is an injected version of thyroid-stimulating hormone that lets people with thyroid cancer have radioiodine treatment and follow-up blood tests without stopping their thyroid hormone tablets and suffering weeks of hypothyroidism. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thyrotropin-alfa.md - Tilatamig samrotecan (treatment): AstraZeneca's EGFR×c-MET bispecific ADC, the most advanced in the most crowded next-generation ADC target pair. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tilatamig-samrotecan.md - TILT-123 (treatment): TILT-123 is an oncolytic virus from TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tilt-123.md - Tinengotinib (treatment): A next-generation FGFR inhibitor designed to work after pemigatinib or futibatinib stop working, now in a global phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tinengotinib.md - Tiragolumab (treatment): An immune-brake blocker that looked excellent in a phase 2 lung cancer trial and then failed every phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tiragolumab.md - Tisagenlecleucel (treatment): Tisagenlecleucel was the first CAR-T therapy ever approved (2017), for children and young adults whose leukaemia had come back after everything else. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tisagenlecleucel.md - Tislelizumab (treatment): A Chinese-developed PD-1 blocker, engineered to avoid a side-channel that may blunt other PD-1 drugs, now approved in the US and EU for oesophageal and stomach cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tislelizumab.md - Tisotumab vedotin (treatment): Tisotumab vedotin is an ADC against tissue factor, the first to show a survival benefit in recurrent cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tisotumab-vedotin.md - Tivozanib (treatment): Tivozanib is a VEGF-receptor pill that hits VEGFR1 to 3 with little off-target kinase activity, so it is better tolerated than other anti-angiogenic pills, though hypertension and fatigue remain common. It is approved for kidney cancer after two or more prior treatments, and its TiNivo-2 trial showed that restarting immunotherapy after failure adds nothing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tivozanib.md - TNG260 (treatment): TNG260 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Tango Therapeutics, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tng260.md - TNG456 (treatment): TNG456 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Tango Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and glioma & glioblastoma, aimed at PRMT5 (MTAP-deleted cancers). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tng456.md - TNG462 (treatment): TNG462 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Tango Therapeutics in phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PRMT5 (MTAP-deleted cancers). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tng462.md - TNO155 (treatment): TNO155 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tno155.md - Tocilizumab (treatment): Tocilizumab (Actemra) is a rheumatoid arthritis antibody that has become the rescue drug for cytokine release syndrome, the fever and blood-pressure crash that CAR-T cells and bispecific antibodies can trigger. Every CAR-T centre must have it on hand. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tocilizumab.md - Topotecan (treatment): Topotecan is the long-standing second-line chemotherapy for relapsed small-cell lung cancer, and now the comparator that new drugs must beat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/topotecan.md - Toremifene (treatment): Toremifene (Fareston) is a tamoxifen-like tablet for postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer that has spread. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/toremifene.md - Toripalimab (treatment): A Chinese-developed PD-1 blocker that became the first immunotherapy approved in the US for nasopharyngeal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/toripalimab.md - Tovecimig (treatment): Tovecimig is an experimental bispecific antibody from Compass Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for biliary tract cancer and bladder & urothelial cancer, aimed at VEGF / VEGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tovecimig.md - Tovorafenib (treatment): Tovorafenib is a pill for the most common childhood brain tumour, low-grade glioma driven by BRAF changes, approved in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tovorafenib.md - TQ-B3234 (treatment): TQ-B3234 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for rare cancers of childhood, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tq-b3234.md - TQB2102 (treatment): TQB2102 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer and biliary tract cancer, aimed at HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb2102.md - TQB2450 (treatment): TQB2450 is an experimental monoclonal antibody from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for renal cell carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at PD-L1 and PD-1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb2450.md - TQB2825 (treatment): TQB2825 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, aimed at CD20 and CD3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb2825.md - TQB2868 (treatment): TQB2868 is a bispecific antibody from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb2868.md - TQB2922 (treatment): TQB2922 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer, aimed at EGFR and MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb2922.md - TQB2930 (treatment): TQB2930 is an experimental bispecific antibody from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at HER2 and EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb2930.md - TQB3454 (treatment): TQB3454 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for biliary tract cancer, aimed at IDH1 / IDH2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb3454.md - TQB3616 (treatment): TQB3616 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at CDK4/6. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb3616.md - TQB3702 (treatment): TQB3702 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb3702.md - TQB3909 (treatment): TQB3909 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb3909.md - TQB6411 (treatment): TQB6411 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and oesophageal cancer, aimed at EGFR and MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tqb6411.md - Trabectedin (treatment): A chemotherapy derived from a sea squirt, used with liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer in Europe and for sarcomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trabectedin.md - Trabedersen (treatment): Trabedersen is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Oncotelic in phase 3 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trabedersen.md - Trametinib (treatment): Trametinib (Mekinist) blocks MEK, the protein one step below BRAF in the growth-signal chain. Paired with dabrafenib it treats BRAF-mutant melanoma, lung, thyroid and other cancers, including brain tumours in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trametinib.md - Transpara (treatment): The breast screening AI tested in Sweden's MASAI trial, where AI-supported reading found more cancers and nearly halved the radiologists' workload. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transpara.md - Trastuzumab (treatment): The first targeted antibody for a solid tumour (1998), which turned HER2-positive breast cancer from the worst subtype into one of the most treatable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab.md - Trastuzumab biosimilars (treatment): Near-identical copies of Herceptin, approved since 2017, that cut the price of HER2 treatment and widened access worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-biosimilars.md - Trastuzumab brengitecan (treatment): SystImmune's HER2 ADC, sharing its payload with iza-bren, now in a 1,450-patient trial to replace Kadcyla after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-brengitecan.md - Trastuzumab deruxtecan (treatment): Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu) is the most successful ADC ever. It redefined HER2 by working in tumours with only tiny amounts of the protein, and in 2026 moved into early-stage breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-deruxtecan.md - Trastuzumab duocarmazine (treatment): A HER2 ADC with a DNA-alkylating payload that beat chemotherapy in a phase 3 trial yet never reached the market, because eye and lung toxicity and a stronger rival arrived first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-duocarmazine.md - Trastuzumab emtansine (treatment): Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla, T-DM1) was the first ADC for a solid tumour (2013). It is still standard after surgery for HER2+ breast cancer patients whose tumour did not fully respond to pre-surgery treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-emtansine.md - Trastuzumab pamirtecan (treatment): Trastuzumab pamirtecan is DualityBio and BioNTech's HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, in phase 3 trials in breast cancers with high and with modest HER2 expression and in HER2-expressing endometrial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-pamirtecan.md - Trastuzumab rezetecan (treatment): Hengrui's HER2 ADC, approved in China for lung cancer and showing Enhertu-scale results in breast cancer, part of a wave of Chinese ADCs heading for global trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-rezetecan.md - Tremelimumab (treatment): Tremelimumab is AstraZeneca's CTLA-4 antibody, given as a single priming dose with durvalumab and chemotherapy in lung and liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tremelimumab.md - Treosulfan (treatment): A conditioning chemotherapy given before donor stem-cell transplant in AML and MDS; it was long used in Europe and reached the US in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/treosulfan.md - Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) (treatment): The vitamin-A derivative that made acute promyelocytic leukaemia the first cancer cured by differentiation therapy rather than by killing cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tretinoin-atra.md - TRI-611 (treatment): TRI-611 is an experimental protein degrader from TRIANA Biomedicines in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at ALK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tri-611.md - Trifluridine/tipiracil (treatment): An oral chemotherapy pill for bowel cancer that has stopped responding to everything else; with bevacizumab it extends life by about three months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trifluridine-tipiracil.md - Trilaciclib (treatment): Trilaciclib is given as an infusion just before chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer to put the bone marrow's stem cells briefly to sleep, so fewer are killed and patients need fewer transfusions and growth factor injections. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trilaciclib.md - Triptorelin (treatment): Triptorelin (Trelstar) is a one-, three- or six-monthly injection that switches off testosterone production for men with advanced prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/triptorelin.md - TRK-950 (treatment): TRK-950 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Toray Industries in phase 2 trials for gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and melanoma, aimed at NTRK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trk-950.md - TruSight Oncology Comprehensive (treatment): A large gene panel hospitals can run themselves, approved by the FDA in 2024 as a companion diagnostic for the tumour-agnostic drug larotrectinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trusight-oncology-comprehensive.md - TST001 (treatment): TST001 is a monoclonal antibody from Transcenta Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tst001.md - TST003 (treatment): TST003 is a monoclonal antibody from Transcenta Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tst003.md - Tucatinib (treatment): A HER2-selective pill that works in the brain, for HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tucatinib.md - Tucidinostat (chidamide) (treatment): Chidamide, approved in 2014, was the first epigenetic cancer drug invented in China and the first oral drug of its kind anywhere, used for T-cell lymphoma and, with hormone therapy, for breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tucidinostat.md - Tunlametinib (treatment): Tunlametinib is a Chinese MEK inhibitor approved in 2024 for advanced melanoma with an NRAS mutation, a group with no targeted therapy elsewhere in the world, and in phase 3 trials with vemurafenib for BRAF-mutant disease and for colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tunlametinib.md - Tusamitamab ravtansine (treatment): Tusamitamab ravtansine was Sanofi's ADC against the classic CEA tumour marker, stopped for futility in lung cancer in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tusamitamab-ravtansine.md - Tuspetinib (treatment): Tuspetinib is an oral kinase inhibitor from Aptose Biosciences Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tuspetinib.md - TY-9591 (treatment): TY-9591 is an experimental small-molecule drug from TYK Medicines in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ty-9591.md - TYRA-300 (treatment): TYRA-300 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Tyra Biosciences in phase 2 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, aimed at FGFR2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tyra-300.md - Ubamatamab (treatment): Ubamatamab is a monoclonal antibody from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ubamatamab.md - UCART22 (treatment): UCART22 is an experimental allogeneic CAR T-cell therapy from Cellectis S.A. in phase 2 trials for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, aimed at CD22. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ucart22.md - UGN-103 (treatment): UGN-103 is an experimental chemotherapy (mitomycin) delivered via hydrogel from UroGen Pharma in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ugn-103.md - UGN-104 (treatment): UGN-104 is an experimental chemotherapy (mitomycin) delivered via hydrogel from UroGen Pharma in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ugn-104.md - Uliledlimab (treatment): Uliledlimab is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from TJ Biopharma in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uliledlimab.md - Umbralisib (treatment): A PI3K inhibitor for marginal zone and follicular lymphoma approved in 2021 and withdrawn in 2022 after the UNITY-CLL trial suggested more deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/umbralisib.md - Upifitamab rilsodotin (treatment): Upifitamab rilsodotin is an antibody-drug conjugate from Mersana Therapeutics, in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/upifitamab-rilsodotin.md - Uracil mustard (treatment): Uracil mustard was an oral alkylating agent approved in 1962 for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphomas, one of the early nitrogen mustard tablets, and long since discontinued. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uracil-mustard.md - Uridine triacetate (treatment): Uridine triacetate (Vistogard) is an oral antidote for fluorouracil or capecitabine overdose, or for dangerously early severe toxicity from these drugs, and must be started within four days of the chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uridine-triacetate.md - UroVysion Bladder Cancer Kit (treatment): A urine test that looks for chromosome changes in shed bladder cells, approved for people with blood in the urine and for follow-up after bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/urovysion.md - Utidelone (treatment): Utidelone is Biostar Pharmaceuticals' epothilone chemotherapy, approved in China in 2021 with capecitabine for advanced breast cancer after anthracyclines and taxanes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/utidelone.md - Utomilumab (treatment): Utomilumab is a monoclonal antibody from Pfizer, in registered phase 3 trials for ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/utomilumab.md - Vactosertib (treatment): Vactosertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from MedPacto, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for osteosarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vactosertib.md - Valrubicin (treatment): Valrubicin (Valstar) is a chemotherapy washed into the bladder for carcinoma in situ that has not responded to BCG, in patients who cannot yet have their bladder removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valrubicin.md - Vandetanib (treatment): Vandetanib was the first drug approved for medullary thyroid cancer (2011), now largely replaced by RET-selective selpercatinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vandetanib.md - Varegacestat (treatment): Varegacestat is an experimental small-molecule drug from Immunome in phase 3 trials for desmoid tumour, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/varegacestat.md - Varnimcabtagene autoleucel (treatment): India's second approved CAR-T therapy, a Bengaluru-made version of a Spanish hospital's academic CD19 cell therapy, for lymphoma that has come back after other treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/varnimcabtagene-autoleucel.md - VB15010 (treatment): VB15010 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Zhejiang Yangli Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vb15010.md - VC004 (treatment): VC004 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Jiangsu vcare pharmaceutical technology co. in phase 3 trials, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vc004.md - Vebreltinib (treatment): Vebreltinib is a Chinese MET inhibitor approved in 2023 for lung cancers with a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, and the first drug tested in a phase 3 trial for glioblastomas carrying a PTPRZ1-MET fusion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vebreltinib.md - Velzatinib (treatment): Velzatinib is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from GlaxoSmithKline in phase 3 trials for gastrointestinal stromal tumour, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/velzatinib.md - Vemurafenib (treatment): Vemurafenib was the first BRAF inhibitor (2011); it shrank melanomas in weeks and proved that a single mutation could be drugged in a solid tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vemurafenib.md - Venetoclax (treatment): A pill that removes the survival shield from leukaemia cells, enabling chemotherapy-free, time-limited treatment for CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/venetoclax.md - VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel (treatment): A four-stain test that shows whether a womb cancer has lost its DNA spell-checker, which makes immunotherapy likely to work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ventana-mmr-rxdx.md - VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay (treatment): The PD-L1 stain that decides who can have atezolizumab, scored on immune cells rather than tumour cells in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ventana-pd-l1-sp142.md - VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) Assay (treatment): The VENTANA SP263 assay is an immunohistochemistry stain that measures PD-L1 on tumour cells. Approved in 2017 alongside durvalumab in bladder cancer, it became the companion test in 2021 for adjuvant atezolizumab in resected lung cancer with PD-L1 on at least 1% of tumour cells, and it agrees closely with 22C3, so laboratories often validate it as a single platform. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ventana-pd-l1-sp263.md - Vepdegestrant (treatment): Vepdegestrant is the first PROTAC ever approved (2026): a pill that tags the oestrogen receptor for destruction, for breast cancers with ESR1 mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vepdegestrant.md - Vepugratinib (treatment): Vepugratinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Eli Lilly and in phase 3 trials for bladder & urothelial cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vepugratinib.md - Vibostolimab (treatment): Vibostolimab is a monoclonal antibody from Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vibostolimab.md - Vimseltinib (treatment): Vimseltinib is a pill approved in February 2025 for tenosynovial giant cell tumour, a benign but destructive joint tumour, offering an alternative to repeated surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vimseltinib.md - Vinblastine (treatment): Vinblastine is the vinca alkaloid in ABVD, the standard Hodgkin lymphoma regimen, and was formerly in the cisplatin combinations that first cured testicular cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vinblastine.md - Vincristine (treatment): A plant-derived chemotherapy from the Madagascar periwinkle that has been in almost every childhood leukaemia and lymphoma regimen since the 1960s. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vincristine.md - Vindesine (treatment): Vindesine is a vinca alkaloid, a semi-synthetic relative of vinblastine, used in Europe and elsewhere for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and some solid tumours; it was never marketed in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vindesine.md - Vinflunine (treatment): Vinflunine (Javlor) is a chemotherapy infusion used in Europe as a second treatment for advanced bladder cancer after platinum chemotherapy has stopped working. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vinflunine.md - Vinorelbine (treatment): Vinorelbine is a vinca chemotherapy for lung and breast cancer, available orally, and is now part of maintenance therapy that improved survival in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vinorelbine.md - Vismodegib (treatment): Vismodegib was the first hedgehog-pathway drug, for basal cell carcinomas too advanced for surgery; it shrinks most tumours but muscle cramps, taste loss and hair loss make long-term use hard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vismodegib.md - Vistusertib (treatment): Vistusertib is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor from AstraZeneca, in registered phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vistusertib.md - Visugromab (treatment): Visugromab is CatalYm's antibody against GDF-15, a tumour-made signal that both blocks immune cells and causes cancer wasting; it is in a phase 3 trial with PD-1 blockade after durable responses in patients whose cancers had stopped responding to checkpoint inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/visugromab.md - Vorasidenib (treatment): The first targeted therapy for low-grade brain tumours, delaying the need for radiation and chemotherapy by years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vorasidenib.md - Vorinostat (treatment): Vorinostat (Zolinza) was the first drug of its kind, a capsule that loosens the chemical packaging of DNA. It treats the skin disease of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after two other treatments have failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vorinostat.md - Vorolanib (treatment): Vorolanib is Betta Pharmaceuticals' oral VEGFR and PDGFR inhibitor, approved in China in 2023 with everolimus for advanced kidney cancer after a first kinase inhibitor has failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vorolanib.md - VRN110755 (treatment): VRN110755 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Voronoi in phase 2 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vrn110755.md - VS-7375 (treatment): VS-7375 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Verastem in phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, aimed at KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vs-7375.md - Vudalimab (treatment): Vudalimab is a bispecific antibody from Xencor, Inc., in registered phase 2 trials for ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vudalimab.md - Vusolimogene oderparepvec (treatment): Vusolimogene oderparepvec is an engineered herpes virus injected into melanoma tumours, approved in August 2026 with nivolumab after immunotherapy failure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vusolimogene-oderparepvec.md - WJB001 (treatment): WJB001 is a small-molecule inhibitor from Wigen Biomedicine Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., in registered phase 2 trials for metastatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wjb001.md - Xaluritamig (treatment): Xaluritamig is Amgen's T-cell engager for prostate cancer, now in two phase 3 trials, aiming to do for prostate cancer what tarlatamab did for small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xaluritamig.md - XNW27011 (treatment): XNW27011 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Astellas Pharma Global Development in phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer, aimed at Claudin 18.2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xnw27011.md - XNW5004 (treatment): XNW5004 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Evopoint Biosciences in phase 2 trials for follicular lymphoma and prostate cancer, aimed at EZH2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xnw5004.md - XZP-3287 (treatment): XZP-3287 is an experimental small-molecule drug from Sihuan Pharmaceutical in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xzp-3287.md - YL201 (treatment): YL201 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) in phase 3 trials for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, aimed at B7-H3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yl201.md - YL202 (treatment): YL202 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) from MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and colorectal cancer, aimed at HER3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yl202.md - Zalifrelimab (treatment): Zalifrelimab is a monoclonal antibody from Nelum Corp, in registered phase 2 trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zalifrelimab.md - Zamtocabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Zamtocabtagene autoleucel is an experimental CAR-T cell therapy from Miltenyi Biomedicine in phase 2 trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, aimed at CD19 and CD20. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zamtocabtagene-autoleucel.md - Zanidatamab (treatment): Zanidatamab (Ziihera) is an antibody that grabs HER2 at two different spots, approved for HER2+ bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zanidatamab.md - Zanubrutinib (treatment): Zanubrutinib is the only BTK blocker to beat ibrutinib on both efficacy and safety in a head-to-head trial. It is now the most prescribed BTK inhibitor in CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zanubrutinib.md - Zanzalintinib (treatment): Zanzalintinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Exelixis in phase 3 trials for neuroendocrine tumours, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, aimed at VEGF / VEGFR and MET. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zanzalintinib.md - Zelenectide pevedotin (treatment): A tiny peptide instead of an antibody carries the same payload as Padcev to Nectin-4, with far less rash and neuropathy in early data, but its developer stepped back in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zelenectide-pevedotin.md - ZEN-3694 (treatment): ZEN-3694 is a BET inhibitor from Zenith Epigenetics being tested in NUT carcinoma, where the cancer's driving fusion is itself a BET protein, and in prostate and breast cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zen-3694.md - Zenocutuzumab (treatment): Zenocutuzumab is the first drug for cancers driven by NRG1 gene fusions, working by blocking HER3 from receiving its growth signal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zenocutuzumab.md - Zevorcabtagene autoleucel (treatment): Zevor-cel is CARsgen's myeloma CAR-T, approved in China in 2024 for patients whose disease has come back after three or more treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zevorcabtagene-autoleucel.md - ZG006 (treatment): ZG006 is an experimental investigational agent whose form is not stated in the registry from Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer and neuroendocrine tumours, with its target not yet stated publicly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zg006.md - Zidesamtinib (treatment): A ROS1 inhibitor approved in July 2026 that works after other ROS1 drugs fail and avoids their brain side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zidesamtinib.md - Ziftomenib (treatment): Ziftomenib is the second menin inhibitor for leukaemia, approved in November 2025 as a once-daily pill for relapsed NPM1-mutated AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ziftomenib.md - Zilovertamab vedotin (treatment): Zilovertamab vedotin is a ROR1-directed ADC in phase 3 for large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zilovertamab-vedotin.md - Zimberelimab (treatment): Zimberelimab is a PD-1 antibody approved in China in 2021 for relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and the checkpoint partner in Arcus and Gilead's Western trials of the TIGIT antibody domvanalimab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zimberelimab.md - Zipalertinib (treatment): Zipalertinib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Taiho Oncology in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at EGFR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zipalertinib.md - Zirconium-89 girentuximab (treatment): Zirconium-89 girentuximab is Telix's PET scan that tells whether a kidney mass is clear cell renal cell carcinoma without a biopsy; the phase 3 ZIRCON trial met its endpoints in 2023 and the product is under regulatory review. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/girentuximab-zr89.md - Ziv-aflibercept (treatment): Ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap) is a decoy receptor that soaks up the blood-vessel growth signal VEGF. It is added to the FOLFIRI chemotherapy combination for bowel cancer that has spread and progressed after oxaliplatin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ziv-aflibercept.md - ZL-1310 (treatment): ZL-1310 is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate from Zai Lab (Shanghai) in phase 3 trials for non-small-cell lung cancer, aimed at DLL3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zl-1310.md - Zolbetuximab (treatment): Zolbetuximab is the first drug against Claudin 18.2, a protein exposed on stomach cancer cells. Added to chemotherapy it extends survival by two to three months; nausea is the price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zolbetuximab.md - Zoldonrasib (treatment): The first drug aimed specifically at KRAS G12D, the single most common mutation in pancreatic cancer. Early combination data in 2026 showed half of previously treated patients responding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zoldonrasib.md - Zoledronic acid (treatment): Zoledronic acid (Zometa) is a fifteen-minute infusion given every few weeks or months to strengthen bone and prevent fractures, spinal cord compression and the need for radiotherapy in people with myeloma or cancer that has spread to bone; it also treats dangerously high calcium caused by cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zoledronic-acid.md - Zongertinib (treatment): Zongertinib was the first oral HER2 inhibitor for lung cancer with HER2 mutations, approved in 2025 and moved to first line in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zongertinib.md - Zovegalisib (treatment): Zovegalisib is an experimental small-molecule drug from Relay Therapeutics in phase 3 trials for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, aimed at PIK3CA / PI3K-alpha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zovegalisib.md ## Companies (994) Who is building what. - 10x Genomics (company): Leader in single-cell and spatial biology tools (Chromium, Visium, Xenium) used to dissect tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/10x-genomics.md - 2cureX (company): 2cureX's IndiTreat test grows a patient's tumour cells as microtumours and tests approved drugs on them, available through hospitals in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/2curex.md - 3D Medicines (company): 3D Medicines is a Chinese biotechnology company that co-developed envafolimab, the first subcutaneous PD-L1 antibody, approved in China in 2021 for microsatellite instability-high solid tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/3d-medicines.md - 3DHISTECH (company): 3DHISTECH, of Budapest, makes the Pannoramic slide scanners, including the high-throughput Pannoramic 1000, and the SlideViewer software used in research and European clinical laboratories, distributed by Epredia and Thermo Fisher in some markets. As digital pathology consolidates around a few large vendors, holding its position is the open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/3dhistech.md - 3SBio (company): 3SBio is a Shenyang biologics company whose HER2 antibody inetetamab was approved in China in 2020 for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/3sbio.md - 5AM Ventures (company): A venture firm with offices in San Francisco and Boston that funds early-stage drug companies and also runs a public-market fund. Its cancer investments include the cell therapy company Artiva, the protein degrader pioneer Arvinas and Enliven Therapeutics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/5am-ventures.md - AB Science (company): AB Science is a Paris biotechnology company built around masitinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor aimed at mast cells and macrophages that it has tested in phase 3 trials across cancers and neurological diseases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ab-science.md - Abbisko Therapeutics (company): Abbisko is a Shanghai biotech listed in Hong Kong whose CSF-1R inhibitor pimicotinib met its phase 3 endpoint in tenosynovial giant cell tumour, a rare joint tumour, and is licensed to Merck KGaA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abbisko.md - Abbott Laboratories (company): Diagnostics giant that makes the UroVysion bladder test, sells Freenome's blood test for bowel cancer, and is acquiring Exact Sciences. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abbott.md - AbbVie (incl. ImmunoGen, Capstan) (company): AbbVie owns Venclexta and Elahere, and bought Capstan, the leading in vivo CAR-T company. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abbvie.md - AbbVie Ventures (company): AbbVie's corporate venture arm, which invests in early-stage biotech companies in AbbVie's therapeutic areas including cancer. Its web pages blocked automated access at the time of research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abbvie-ventures.md - Abdera Therapeutics (company): Abdera Therapeutics engineered antibodies that carry a radioactive isotope to cancer cells, tuning how long they circulate so more radiation reaches the tumour and less reaches healthy tissue. Its first medicine targets a protein on small cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abdera-therapeutics.md - ABX advanced biochemical compounds (company): ABX is a German maker of the precursors and kits behind PET imaging tracers, including PSMA agents for prostate cancer, and sponsors the trials that register them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abx-advanced-biochemical-compounds.md - Abzena (company): Abzena is a bioconjugation and biologics CDMO with the ThioBridge site-specific linker technology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abzena.md - Acacia Pharma (company): Acacia Pharma was a Cambridge company that repurposed the old antipsychotic amisulpride, at low dose, to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting after surgery and chemotherapy; it was bought by Eagle Pharmaceuticals in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acacia-pharma.md - Accuray (company): Accuray makes the CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery system and the TomoTherapy and Radixact helical radiotherapy platforms, and sponsors trials of stereotactic and adaptive radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/accuray.md - Achieve Life Sciences (formerly OncoGenex) (company): Achieve Life Sciences carries the trial record of OncoGenex, whose antisense drug custirsen failed phase 3 trials in prostate and lung cancer before the company turned to a smoking-cessation medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/achieve-life-sciences.md - Acrivon Therapeutics (company): Acrivon Therapeutics uses a protein-activity test to pick the patients most likely to respond to its cancer drugs. Its lead drug blocks DNA damage checkpoint proteins and is being tested in womb and ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acrivon-therapeutics.md - Acrotech Biopharma (company): Acrotech Biopharma, part of Aurobindo, owns the former Spectrum Pharmaceuticals haematology portfolio: the radioimmunotherapy Zevalin, pralatrexate (Folotyn), belinostat (Beleodaq) and vincristine liposome (Marqibo). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acrotech-biopharma.md - ACS BrightEdge (American Cancer Society) (company): BrightEdge is the American Cancer Society's own venture fund. It invests donated money in start-ups working on cancer and returns any gains to the charity's mission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acs-brightedge.md - Actinium Pharmaceuticals (company): Actinium Pharmaceuticals attaches the alpha-emitting isotope actinium-225 to antibodies to treat acute myeloid leukaemia and, more recently, solid tumours such as prostate and lung cancer. It is a small listed company whose lead programme is approaching new clinical milestones. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/actinium-pharmaceuticals.md - Active Biotech (company): Active Biotech is a Swedish immunomodulator company whose tasquinimod reached phase 3 in prostate cancer without success and is now tested in myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/active-biotech.md - Adaptimmune (company): Adaptimmune developed Tecelra, the first TCR-T for a solid tumour, and sold the US rights to US WorldMeds in 2025 amid financial distress. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adaptimmune.md - Adaptive Biotechnologies (company): Adaptive Biotechnologies makes clonoSEQ, the FDA-cleared sequencing test that finds one leukaemia cell in a million and now guides treatment in ALL, myeloma, and CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adaptive-biotechnologies.md - ADC Therapeutics (company): ADC Therapeutics, based in Lausanne, developed Zynlonta (loncastuximab tesirine), an antibody-drug conjugate built on its pyrrolobenzodiazepine payload platform and approved in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It is now switching to exatecan-based payloads, so its future rests on changing platform while staying independent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc-therapeutics.md - Adcendo (company): Adcendo is a Danish company developing antibody-drug conjugates, antibodies that deliver a cell-killing drug straight to cancer cells, against targets few others are pursuing. Its first medicines are in early human trials, including one for soft tissue sarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adcendo.md - Adela (company): Adela, of Toronto, develops blood tests that profile methylation marks across all cell-free DNA fragments without sequencing the tumour itself, first to detect residual disease and immunotherapy response in advanced solid tumours and later to screen for multiple cancers with one test. The screening programme is still in study. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adela.md - Adialante (company): Adialante has redesigned MRI so it fits in a mobile clinic and is paid per scan, aiming to bring MRI cancer screening to any medical site, starting with prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adialante.md - Adicet Bio (company): Adicet makes off-the-shelf immune cell therapies from donor gamma delta T cells, a rarer type of T cell. Its lead programme is now aimed at lupus and other autoimmune diseases, with a prostate cancer candidate expected to enter the clinic in late 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adicet-bio.md - Adienne Pharma & Biotech (company): Adienne is a Swiss company specialising in haematology and transplantation medicines; it holds the US and EU authorisations for thiotepa (Tepadina). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adienne.md - Advanced Accelerator Applications (Novartis) (company): The CERN spin-out that Novartis bought in 2018 for Lutathera, which now makes Pluvicto and the Locametz and Netspot imaging kits. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/advanced-accelerator-applications.md - Advenchen Laboratories (company): Advenchen is the small Californian company that discovered anlotinib, the multi-kinase inhibitor that became one of China's most used cancer pills, and it leads late-stage trials of related compounds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/advenchen-laboratories.md - Adventris Pharmaceuticals (company): Adventris Pharmaceuticals, a Johns Hopkins spin-out, develops off-the-shelf cancer vaccines designed to raise immune responses against mutant KRAS, the driver mutation shared by pancreatic, colorectal and lung cancers, with the long-term aim of a yearly vaccine that prevents those cancers before they form. Its programmes are preclinical or early clinical. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adventris-pharmaceuticals.md - Aeterna Zentaris (company): Aeterna Zentaris is a Frankfurt-based biotech whose oncology programmes, including the alkylphospholipid perifosine and the LHRH antagonist ozarelix, went through phase 3 trials it led; its approved product is a growth hormone deficiency test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aeterna-zentaris.md - Affini-T Therapeutics (company): Affini-T engineers a patient's T cells with receptors that recognise mutated cancer driver proteins such as KRAS, and uses gene editing to make the cells more effective. It is an early clinical-stage company based near Boston. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/affini-t-therapeutics.md - Agendia (company): Dutch maker of MammaPrint, the 70-gene breast cancer test validated in the MINDACT trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/agendia.md - Agennix (company): Agennix was a German-American biotech whose oral talactoferrin, a recombinant form of the milk protein lactoferrin, failed a phase 3 trial in non-small cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/agennix.md - Agenus (company): Agenus is a Massachusetts immuno-oncology company developing botensilimab, an Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 antibody, with its anti-PD-1 balstilimab, notably in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer where checkpoint inhibitors have not worked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/agenus.md - Agilent Technologies (Dako) (company): Agilent makes the Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 and 28-8 companion diagnostics and the Omnis staining platform. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/agilent.md - Aidoc (company): Radiology AI company with the first FDA-cleared foundation-model triage platform (CARE, January 2026); oncology-relevant for incidental findings and workflow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aidoc.md - Aignostics (company): Aignostics is the Berlin pathology AI company that built the Atlas foundation model with Mayo Clinic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aignostics.md - Akeso (company): Chinese biotech whose ivonescimab beat Keytruda head-to-head, and developer of the Nectin-4×TROP2 ADC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/akeso.md - Akoya Biosciences (company): Spatial proteomics (PhenoCycler, PhenoImager) used to map immune cells in tumours; agreed to be acquired by Quanterix (2025). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/akoya-biosciences.md - Aktis Oncology (company): Miniprotein alpha-radiopharmaceutical company; the first biotech IPO of 2026 (~$365M) funds Ac-225 programmes against Nectin-4 and B7-H3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aktis-oncology.md - Alaunos Therapeutics (formerly Ziopharm Oncology) (company): Alaunos, previously Ziopharm Oncology, developed non-viral TCR-T cell therapies against neoantigens in solid tumours with MD Anderson, after earlier phase 3 programmes with palifosfamide and darinaparsin; it wound down its clinical work in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alaunos.md - Aldevron (Danaher) (company): Leading GMP plasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material supplier, acquired by Danaher for $9.6B in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aldevron.md - Alentis Therapeutics (company): Alentis Therapeutics targets Claudin-1, a protein exposed on squamous cancers and scarred organs, with antibodies that either carry a cancer-killing drug or block disease signalling. Its first cancer medicine entered human trials in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alentis-therapeutics.md - Alexandria Venture Investments (company): Alexandria Venture Investments is the venture arm of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, the life science property company, and takes small, non-lead stakes across a large number of biotech start-ups, often tenants of its campuses, in oncology and other areas. Its web pages blocked automated access, so its own strategy and named cancer companies are unconfirmed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alexandria-venture-investments.md - Algen Biotechnologies (company): Algen uses CRISPR screens read out at the single-cell level, plus machine learning, to find which RNA messages drive cancer and inflammation, and then designs drugs against them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/algen-biotechnologies.md - Alixia (company): Alixia is developing drugs that act on the supporting cells and inflammation around a tumour as well as the cancer cells, to stop cancers from becoming resistant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alixia.md - Allogene Therapeutics (company): Allogeneic CAR-T leader: cema-cel (CD19) as MRD-guided first-line consolidation in lymphoma, and ALLO-316 (CD70) with responses in kidney cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allogene.md - Allotera Therapeutics (formerly Wugen) (company): Allotera, formerly Wugen, makes off-the-shelf CAR T-cell therapies from healthy donor cells for T-cell leukaemias and lymphomas, which are hard to treat with conventional CAR T because the cancer cells look like the therapy cells. Its lead product is in a global pivotal trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allotera-therapeutics.md - Almirall (company): Almirall is a Barcelona dermatology company whose cancer-related product is tirbanibulin ointment for actinic keratosis, approved in the United States in 2020 and in Europe in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/almirall.md - Alpha Tau Medical (company): Alpha Tau Medical places tiny radioactive seeds directly inside tumours so that short-range alpha radiation destroys the cancer from within. It is testing the approach in pancreatic, skin, head and neck, brain and prostate cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alpha-tau-medical.md - Alpha-9 Oncology (company): Alpha-9 Oncology designs bespoke molecules that deliver radioactive isotopes to cancer cells, with early human trials under way in melanoma and in breast and other solid tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alpha-9-oncology.md - Alphamab Oncology (company): Alphamab developed envafolimab, the first subcutaneous PD-L1 antibody approved anywhere, and the HER2 bispecific ADC JSKN003. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alphamab.md - Altay Therapeutics (company): Altay Therapeutics is developing small-molecule drugs for chronic liver disease, including the scarring that leads to liver cancer and liver cancer itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/altay-therapeutics.md - Aluna (company): Aluna works with hospitals to build carefully curated cancer datasets and evaluation sets so that medical AI models can be trained and tested properly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aluna.md - ALX Oncology (company): ALX Oncology is a Californian biotechnology company developing evorpacept, a CD47-blocking fusion protein designed to remove the 'do not eat me' signal so that antibodies such as trastuzumab can recruit macrophages against HER2-positive gastric cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alx-oncology.md - Ambagon Therapeutics (company): Ambagon Therapeutics designs small molecules that act like glue, locking a hub protein called 14-3-3 onto its partner proteins to switch them on or off. It is an early-stage company with cancer and brain disease programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ambagon-therapeutics.md - Amgen (company): Amgen invented the BiTE T-cell engager format and the first KRAS inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amgen.md - Amgen Ventures (company): Amgen Ventures is the venture arm of the biotech company Amgen. It takes minority stakes in early companies whose science could matter to Amgen, including cancer drug and platform start-ups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amgen-ventures.md - Amphista Therapeutics (company): Amphista Therapeutics, based near Cambridge in the UK, designs small molecules that make cancer cells destroy specific proteins using a less common disposal enzyme called DCAF16. Its first drug, for acute myeloid leukaemia, was cleared to start human trials in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amphista-therapeutics.md - Amunix Pharmaceuticals (company): Amunix developed T-cell engager and cytokine cancer drugs with a protective mask that is clipped off by enzymes found in tumours, so the drugs become active mainly at the cancer. Sanofi agreed to buy the company in December 2021 for about $1 billion upfront. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amunix-pharmaceuticals.md - Ananya Health (company): Ananya Health makes a portable freezing device that lets a nurse in any clinic treat abnormal cervical cells before they turn into cancer, at a tenth of the usual cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ananya-health.md - Andera Partners (company): A Paris private equity firm whose life sciences team, through its BioDiscovery funds, invests in European and US drug and medtech companies. Its life sciences portfolio includes the cancer T-cell therapy company T-Knife. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andera-partners.md - Andreessen Horowitz Bio + Health (company): The life sciences and healthcare arm of the Silicon Valley venture firm Andreessen Horowitz (a16z). It backs founders who mix biology, software and care delivery, including a small number of cancer drug and diagnostics start-ups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/a16z-bio-health.md - Angiocrine Bioscience (company): Angiocrine is a San Diego company that infuses engineered blood-vessel lining cells to help patients recover from the high-dose chemotherapy given before stem cell transplants for lymphoma and myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/angiocrine-bioscience.md - Antengene (company): Antengene is a Shanghai company that brought the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor to China and other Asia-Pacific markets and develops its own pipeline of blood cancer and solid tumour drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antengene.md - Antidote (company): Antidote matches volunteers to clinical trials through a search that turns registry listings into plain questions, serving patients in the United Kingdom and United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antidote.md - AOA Dx (company): AOA Dx is developing a blood test to detect ovarian cancer early, based on fat-sugar molecules called glycolipids that tumours shed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aoa-dx.md - AOP Health (company): AOP Health is a Vienna rare-disease company that brought ropeginterferon alfa-2b (Besremi) to the European market for polycythaemia vera and runs trials in myeloproliferative neoplasms and other rare conditions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aop-health.md - AP Biosciences (company): AP Biosciences is a Taiwan-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of AP203, AP402 (Part 1 Dose esclation) and AP402 (Part 2 Dose Expansion) in non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ap-biosciences.md - Apollomics (company): Apollomics is a US-Chinese company whose MET inhibitor vebreltinib is approved in China for MET exon 14 lung cancer through its partner Avistone, and whose E-selectin antagonist uproleselan failed in acute myeloid leukaemia in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apollomics.md - Aprea Therapeutics (company): Aprea developed eprenetapopt, a drug meant to restore the function of mutant p53, which failed its phase 3 trial in TP53-mutant myelodysplastic syndromes in 2020; the company now works on ATR and WEE1 inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aprea-therapeutics.md - Aptose Biosciences (company): Aptose is a San Diego and Toronto company developing tuspetinib, an oral kinase inhibitor acting on FLT3, SYK, JAK and other targets, for acute myeloid leukaemia in combination with venetoclax and azacitidine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aptose.md - Aqemia (company): Aqemia combines physics-based calculations with generative artificial intelligence to invent new drug molecules, working both on its own projects and with large drug companies such as Sanofi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aqemia.md - Araris Biotech (Taiho) (company): Swiss linker-technology company (AraLinQ) acquired by Taiho for up to $1.14B; first clinical ADC ARC-02 (CD79b) dosed in June 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/araris.md - Arcellx (company): Arcellx developed anito-cel, a CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma that reprogrammes a patient's own immune cells to attack a marker called BCMA. Gilead bought the company in 2026 for about $7.8 billion ahead of a possible US approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arcellx.md - ARCH Venture Partners (company): A Chicago venture firm that starts and funds science-heavy biotech companies. Several of its companies work on cancer drugs, cancer cell therapies and cancer diagnostics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arch-venture-partners.md - Arcus Biosciences (company): Arcus Biosciences is a United States-based biotechnology company running 4 late-stage cancer trials of Domvanalimab and Quemliclustat in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arcus-biosciences.md - Arden Bio (company): Arden Bio is an Even One Ventures company outside cancer: it profiles the immune system of people with complex immune-mediated conditions to match them to biology-based treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arden-bio.md - argenx (company): argenx is a Belgian antibody company best known for efgartigimod in autoimmune disease; its cancer programme, the anti-CD70 antibody cusatuzumab for acute myeloid leukaemia, was returned by its partner in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/argenx.md - Argos Therapeutics (company): Argos was a North Carolina company whose personalised dendritic-cell vaccine rocapuldencel-T, made from each patient's own tumour RNA, failed the phase 3 ADAPT trial in kidney cancer and the company closed in 2019. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/argos-therapeutics.md - Ariceum Therapeutics (company): Ariceum Therapeutics is a Berlin company developing a treatment that carries the alpha-emitting isotope actinium-225 to small cell lung cancer and Merkel cell skin cancer. Its first human trial began in late 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ariceum-therapeutics.md - Arog Pharmaceuticals (company): Arog is a private Dallas biotech developing crenolanib, a FLT3 and PDGFR kinase inhibitor, through phase 3 trials in FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukaemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arog-pharmaceuticals.md - Arpeggio Bio (company): Arpeggio Bio uses AI on large RNA-sequencing datasets to find drugs against transcription factors, the hard-to-hit proteins that switch cancer genes on, with a first programme in immunotherapy-resistant melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arpeggio-bio.md - ArriVent BioPharma (company): ArriVent is a Pennsylvania company developing furmonertinib, an EGFR inhibitor approved in China, for EGFR exon 20 insertion and other uncommon EGFR-mutant lung cancers in global trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arrivent.md - Arsenal Biosciences (company): Programmable CAR-T company using logic gates so cells fire only when two tumour proteins are present; AB-2100 (PSMA + CA9) is in phase 1/2 for kidney cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arsenal-bio.md - ARTBIO (company): ARTBIO makes cancer treatments that deliver short-range alpha radiation from lead-212 directly to tumour cells, starting with prostate cancer. Its first medicine is in early human trials, currently paused by the company while it reviews data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/artbio.md - Artera (company): First company with FDA-cleared AI pathology tests that predict treatment benefit (prostate 2025, breast 2026). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/artera.md - Arvinas (company): PROTAC pioneer whose vepdegestrant became the first approved targeted protein degrader in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arvinas.md - Ascentage Pharma (company): Ascentage is a Chinese biotechnology company built on protein-protein interaction inhibitors: olverembatinib, a third-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor approved in China for T315I-mutant chronic myeloid leukaemia, and the BCL-2 inhibitor lisaftoclax. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascentage-pharma.md - Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals (company): Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of AST-3424 and AST-001 in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascentawits-pharmaceuticals.md - Ascletis Pharma (company): Ascletis is a Hangzhou biotech listed in Hong Kong, first known for hepatitis C antivirals, which sponsors phase 3 cancer trials among its liver-disease and metabolic programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascletis.md - Asher Biotherapeutics (company): Asher Bio engineers immune-stimulating molecules that switch on only one type of immune cell, such as killer T cells, so the drug is more potent against tumours and causes fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asher-bio.md - AskGene Pharma (company): AskGene Pharma is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of ASKG915 and Fruquintinib in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/askgene-pharma.md - Astellas (company): Astellas co-owns Padcev and makes Vyloy, the first Claudin 18.2 drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/astellas.md - AstraZeneca (company): AstraZeneca is the most ADC-committed large pharma, co-owner of Enhertu and Datroway, with deep targeted-therapy and radiopharma bets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/astrazeneca.md - Ataraxis AI (company): Ataraxis AI analyses digitised breast tumour slides with artificial intelligence to estimate how likely a cancer is to return and whether chemotherapy is likely to help, returning results in a day without using up tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ataraxis-ai.md - Atlas Venture (company): A Cambridge, Massachusetts biotech-only venture firm that seeds and incubates new drug companies. Cancer companies it has built include Bicycle Therapeutics, Day One Biopharmaceuticals and Antares Therapeutics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atlas-venture.md - Atomic Alchemy (company): Atomic Alchemy set out to build small reactors dedicated to making the radioactive isotopes used in cancer scans and treatments, so hospitals no longer depend on a handful of ageing government reactors. It was bought by the nuclear company Oklo. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atomic-alchemy.md - Atossa Therapeutics (company): Atossa is a Seattle company developing oral endoxifen, the active metabolite of tamoxifen, for breast cancer prevention and treatment and for reducing dense breast tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atossa-therapeutics.md - Aura Biosciences (company): Aura Biosciences is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of AU-011 in melanoma and uveal melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aura-biosciences.md - Aurigene Oncology (company): Dr. Reddy's oncology discovery company, with more than 20 programmes in clinical development worldwide through partners and its own small-molecule and cell therapy pipeline. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aurigene.md - Autolus Therapeutics (company): UCL spin-out whose fast-off-rate CD19 CAR-T, obe-cel, was approved for adult ALL in 2024 with lower neurotoxicity than earlier products. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/autolus.md - Avenzo Therapeutics (company): Avenzo in-licenses Chinese assets, including the Nectin-4×TROP2 bispecific ADC AVZO-103 and a CDK2 inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avenzo.md - AVEO Oncology (LG Chem) (company): AVEO Oncology is a Boston company that developed tivozanib (Fotivda), a VEGF-receptor blocking pill used in relapsed kidney cancer, and was acquired by LG Chem in 2023. Its one marketed product now faces first-line immunotherapy combinations, and the TiNivo-2 rechallenge trial was negative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aveo.md - Aveta Biomics (company): Aveta Biomics is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of APG-157 in glioma & glioblastoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aveta-biomics.md - Avistone Biotechnology (company): Avistone Biotechnology is a China-based biotechnology company running 5 late-stage cancer trials of PLB1004, Vebreltinib and ANS02 in non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avistone-biotechnology.md - B. Braun (company): German medical-device company supplying Celsite ports, Easypump elastomeric pumps, infusion systems, and cytotoxic-safe consumables. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-braun.md - Bain Capital Life Sciences (company): The life sciences investing arm of Bain Capital in Boston. It funds later-stage private and public biotech companies, including cancer drug developers such as Olema Oncology, Nuvalent, Revolution Medicines and Mersana. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bain-capital-life-sciences.md - Basilea Pharmaceutica (company): Basilea is a Swiss company now focused on anti-infectives that ran phase 3 cancer trials of the FGFR inhibitor derazantinib and the tumour checkpoint controller lisavanbulin before divesting its oncology work in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/basilea.md - Bausch Health (company): Bausch Health (formerly Valeant) is a diversified pharmaceutical company whose oncology-adjacent products include the retinoid bexarotene (Targretin) and imiquimod (Zyclara) for actinic keratosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bausch-health.md - Bavarian Nordic (company): Bavarian Nordic is a Danish vaccine company whose poxvirus-based prostate cancer vaccine PROSTVAC failed the phase 3 PROSPECT trial in 2017, after which it concentrated on infectious disease vaccines such as its smallpox and mpox vaccine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bavarian-nordic.md - Baxter International (company): Infusion pumps (Spectrum, Novum), elastomeric ambulatory pumps (Infusor), IV fluids and generic injectables. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/baxter.md - Bayer (company): Bayer owns Xofigo, the only approved alpha emitter, and is developing next-generation actinium PSMA agents. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bayer.md - BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company) (company): Medical technology company supplying closed-system transfer devices (PhaSeal), infusion systems, flow cytometers, and single-cell tools. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/becton-dickinson.md - BeBetter Med (company): BeBetter Med is a Guangzhou biotechnology company developing BEBT-908, a dual PI3K and HDAC inhibitor for relapsed lymphoma, and other small-molecule cancer drugs, with three late-stage trials in the registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bebetter-med.md - Beijing Gene Key Life Technology (company): Beijing Gene Key Life Technology is a Chinese developer in Beijing that sponsors 2 registered cancer trials of GKL-006. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beijing-gene-key-life-technology.md - Beijing Konruns Pharmaceutical (company): Beijing Konruns Pharmaceutical is a Chinese developer in Beijing that sponsors 5 registered cancer trials of KC1036 and S-1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beijing-konruns-pharmaceutical.md - Beijing Mabworks Biotech (company): Beijing Mabworks Biotech is a Chinese developer in Beijing that sponsors 4 registered cancer trials of MBS314 and MBS303. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beijing-mabworks-biotech.md - Beijing Pearl Biotechnology Limited Liability Company (company): Beijing Pearl Biotechnology Limited Liability Company is a Chinese developer in Beijing that sponsors 3 registered cancer trials of PLB1001 and Temozolomide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beijing-pearl-biotechnology-limited-liability-company.md - Beijing Scitech-Mq Pharmaceuticals (company): Beijing Scitech-Mq Pharmaceuticals is a Chinese developer in Beijing that sponsors 3 registered cancer trials of ST-1898. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beijing-scitech-mq-pharmaceuticals.md - Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical (company): Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical is a Chinese developer in Beijing that sponsors 2 registered cancer trials of TCC1727. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beijing-tide-pharmaceutical.md - Belay Diagnostics (company): Belay Diagnostics reads tumour DNA from cerebrospinal fluid, giving brain and spinal cord tumours a liquid biopsy when a tissue biopsy is risky or impossible, and telling true progression from treatment effects on scans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/belay-diagnostics.md - Bellicum Pharmaceuticals (company): Bellicum was a Houston cell-therapy company known for its rimiducid safety switch, which let doctors switch off infused T cells; its lead product for transplant failed to reach approval and the company wound down. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bellicum.md - Belong.Life (company): Belong.Life runs a large free social app where people with cancer share experiences and ask questions, plus Dave, an artificial intelligence mentor that answers cancer questions around the clock. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/belong-life.md - BeOne Medicines (formerly BeiGene) (company): BeOne Medicines makes Brukinsa, the leading BTK inhibitor, and tislelizumab, and is the Asia partner for zanidatamab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beone.md - Betta Pharmaceuticals (company): Betta made icotinib, the first cancer drug invented in China, and later ensartinib, the first Chinese ALK inhibitor to win FDA approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/betta.md - BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals (company): BeyondSpring is a New York biotechnology company developing plinabulin, a microtubule-binding agent tested in phase 3 for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and for non-small-cell lung cancer, which received a complete response letter from the FDA in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beyondspring.md - Bicara Therapeutics (company): Bicara's lead drug, ficerafusp alfa, is a two-in-one antibody that blocks the EGFR growth signal on head and neck cancer cells while also soaking up TGF-beta, a molecule tumours use to suppress immune attack. It is in a pivotal trial with pembrolizumab in head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bicara-therapeutics.md - Bicycle Therapeutics (company): Inventor of bicyclic peptide drug conjugates; its lead Nectin-4 conjugate was deprioritised in 2026 after regulatory feedback. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bicycle-therapeutics.md - BigHat Biosciences (company): BigHat uses machine learning and a fast automated lab to design antibodies. Its first cancer drug, an antibody carrying a chemotherapy payload to stomach and bowel tumours, entered human trials in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bighat-biosciences.md - Bikanta (company): Bikanta tried to use tiny fluorescent diamonds as imaging probes to spot cancer earlier. It went through Y Combinator in 2014 and is no longer operating. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bikanta.md - BillionToOne (company): BillionToOne counts DNA molecules in blood far more precisely than standard sequencing. Known first for prenatal testing, it now sells liquid biopsy tests that read a tumour's mutations and track treatment from a blood draw. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/billiontoone.md - Binhui Biopharmaceutical (company): Binhui Biopharmaceutical is a Chinese developer in Wuhan that sponsors 4 registered cancer trials of OH2 and HX008. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/binhui-biopharmaceutical.md - Bio-Thera Solutions (company): Bio-Thera Solutions is a China-based pharmaceutical company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of BAT8008, BAT1308 and BAT8010 in cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bio-thera-solutions.md - Biocad (company): Biocad is a Russian biotechnology company that makes biosimilars of rituximab, bevacizumab and trastuzumab and developed prolgolimab, the first anti-PD-1 antibody approved in Russia, now tested with its anti-CTLA-4 partner nurulimab in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biocad.md - Biocon (company): India's largest biopharmaceutical company, founded by Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw in 1978, and the parent of Biocon Biologics, which makes low-cost copies of the antibodies trastuzumab and bevacizumab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biocon.md - Biocon Biologics (company): Biocon's biosimilars arm, one of the few companies outside the US and Europe with FDA- and EMA-approved cancer antibody biosimilars, and since 2022 the owner of Viatris's biosimilars business. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biocon-biologics.md - Biodesix (company): Biodesix sells blood tests that help doctors judge whether a lung nodule seen on a scan is likely to be cancer, and tests that guide treatment once lung cancer is diagnosed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biodesix.md - Biofrontera (company): Biofrontera is a German dermatology company whose photodynamic therapy product Ameluz (aminolevulinic acid gel) with its RhodoLED lamp treats actinic keratosis and, in Europe, superficial basal cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biofrontera.md - Biogen (company): Biogen is the Massachusetts biotech that, as Biogen Idec, co-developed rituximab, the first antibody approved for cancer; it now concentrates on neurology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biogen.md - BioInvent International (company): BioInvent International is a Sweden-based biotechnology company running 4 late-stage cancer trials of BI-1607, Ipilimumab (YervoyTM and BI-1910 in melanoma, uveal melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bioinvent-international.md - BioLife Solutions (company): Maker of CryoStor freeze media used in most approved cell therapies, plus evo cold-chain shippers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biolife-solutions.md - BioLineRx (company): BioLineRx is an Israeli company whose CXCR4 inhibitor motixafortide (Aphexda) was approved in the United States in 2023 to mobilise stem cells for autologous transplant in multiple myeloma, and which tests the drug with pembrolizumab in pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biolinerx.md - biolitec (company): biolitec is a German medical laser company that holds the EU authorisation for temoporfin (Foscan), a photosensitiser for palliative photodynamic therapy of advanced head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biolitec.md - BioNTech (company): From COVID vaccine to a broad oncology pipeline: personalised vaccines, ADCs from China, and a PD-L1×VEGF bispecific sold to BMS for $11B. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biontech.md - Bioptimus (company): French startup behind H-optimus-0, an open 1.1-billion-parameter pathology foundation model. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bioptimus.md - Biostar Pharmaceuticals (company): Biostar Pharmaceuticals in Chengdu developed utidelone, the epothilone chemotherapy approved in China in 2021 for advanced breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biostar-pharmaceuticals.md - Black Diamond Therapeutics (company): Black Diamond Therapeutics designs cancer pills that hit whole families of mutations in a growth protein at once. Its lead drug, silevertinib, targets mutated EGFR in lung cancer and brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/black-diamond-therapeutics.md - Blank Bio (company): Blank Bio trains AI models on tumour RNA to predict how a disease will progress and which patients will respond, so drug companies can run smarter cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blank-bio.md - Blaze Bioscience (company): Blaze Bioscience is a Seattle company whose 'Tumor Paint', tozuleristide, is a scorpion-toxin peptide linked to a dye that lights up tumour tissue during surgery; it reached phase 3 in children's brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blaze-bioscience.md - Blue Earth Diagnostics (Bracco) (company): Blue Earth Diagnostics makes Posluma (18F-rhPSMA-7.3) and Axumin (fluciclovine) PET agents for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blue-earth-diagnostics.md - Blueprint Medicines (company): Blueprint Medicines invented Ayvakit, a pill approved for systemic mastocytosis and for a rare gut tumour called GIST that carries a specific mutation. The French drug maker Sanofi bought the company in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blueprint-medicines.md - Boehringer Ingelheim (company): Private German pharma whose zongertinib became the first oral HER2 inhibitor for lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boehringer-ingelheim.md - Boehringer Ingelheim BioXcellence (company): Boehringer Ingelheim BioXcellence is the contract-manufacturing arm of Boehringer Ingelheim, one of the largest antibody producers by volume. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boehringer-ingelheim-biox.md - Boston Scientific (company): Medical device giant whose TheraSphere glass microspheres deliver yttrium-90 radioembolisation in liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boston-scientific.md - BostonGene (company): BostonGene, of Waltham, Massachusetts, sells the Tumor Portrait, a single report combining genomic, transcriptomic and immune microenvironment analysis that sorts tumours into immune-enriched, fibrotic or depleted subtypes to guide immunotherapy decisions. Whether those subtypes predict immunotherapy response well enough to change practice is unproven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bostongene.md - Boundless Bio (company): Boundless Bio tried to treat cancers driven by extra loops of DNA outside the chromosomes, called ecDNA. Its lead drug did not show enough benefit in early trials, and in 2026 the company agreed to merge with a gene-editing company and leave cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boundless-bio.md - Boxer Capital (company): A San Diego biotech investment firm that backs precision medicine companies from private rounds through public listing. Its venture highlights include cancer drug developers Mirati, G1 Therapeutics, Tango and Elevation Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boxer-capital.md - Bpifrance (company): Bpifrance is the French state investment bank, created in 2012, which combines loans, guarantees, innovation grants and equity investment. Through its biotech funds and the France 2030 programme it co-invests, usually alongside private venture funds, in French oncology drug, diagnostics and radiotherapy hardware developers, which is why it appears in French oncology financing rounds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bpifrance.md - Brainlab (company): Surgical navigation and radiosurgery planning software (Elements), used in neurosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brainlab.md - Break Through Cancer (company): A Cambridge, Massachusetts foundation, founded in 2021 and led by Tyler Jacks, that funds teams across several cancer centres to work together on the deadliest cancers. It funds research projects rather than companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/break-through-cancer.md - BridgeBio Oncology Therapeutics (company): BridgeBio Oncology Therapeutics (BBOT) makes pills against the KRAS cancer protein and a drug that stops KRAS from switching on a second growth signal called PI3K-alpha. All three drugs are in early human trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bridgebio-oncology-therapeutics.md - Bristol Myers Squibb (company): Pioneer of checkpoint inhibitors (Opdivo, Yervoy), now betting on the first successful bispecific ADC and alpha radiopharmaceuticals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bms.md - Bruker (Bruker Spatial Biology) (company): Scientific-instrument group that acquired NanoString (GeoMx, CosMx) out of bankruptcy in 2024 to form Bruker Spatial Biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bruker.md - Bulsara Bioworks (company): Bulsara Bioworks is a 2025 start-up focused on precise p53-pathway activation for solid tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bulsara-bioworks.md - C2i Genomics (company): C2i Genomics built a blood test that reads the whole genome of tumour DNA fragments to detect leftover cancer after treatment; Veracyte bought the company in 2024 and now sells the approach as TrueMRD. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/c2i-genomics.md - C4 Therapeutics (company): Degrader company whose IKZF1/3 molecular glue cemsidomide showed a 53% response rate in heavily pretreated myeloma and entered phase 2 in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/c4-therapeutics.md - Callio Therapeutics (company): Callio Therapeutics makes antibodies that carry two different cancer-killing drugs at once to HER2-positive tumours, to stop cancers escaping treatment. Its first medicine entered human trials in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/callio-therapeutics.md - Calyx (company): Imaging core lab and RTSM provider (formerly Parexel Informatics), a leading vendor of blinded central review in oncology trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/calyx.md - Cambridge Cancer Genomics (CCG.ai) (company): CCG.ai built software to combine genomic and clinical data so oncologists could choose and adjust treatment sooner. The company is no longer active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cambridge-cancer-genomics.md - Can-Fite BioPharma (company): Can-Fite is an Israeli company developing adenosine A3 receptor agonists; namodenoson is in phase 3 as a second-line treatment for liver cancer in patients with poor liver function. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/can-fite.md - Cancer Commons (company): Nonprofit that helps advanced-cancer patients navigate precision-oncology options and trials, free of charge. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-commons.md - Cancer Prevention Pharmaceuticals (company): Cancer Prevention Pharmaceuticals is a Tucson company built around eflornithine, the polyamine-blocking drug, which it tested with sulindac in phase 3 to prevent polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-prevention-pharmaceuticals.md - Cancer Research Horizons (company): The innovation and commercial arm of the charity Cancer Research UK. It turns charity-funded discoveries into start-ups and licences, and runs a seed fund; its alumni include Autolus, KuDOS and Myricx Bio. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-research-horizons.md - CanCertain (company): CanCertain grows circulating tumour cells from a blood sample in 3D culture and tests drugs on them, including immunotherapies, and accepts orders from patients as well as physicians. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancertain.md - Candel Therapeutics (company): Candel makes viral immunotherapies injected into tumours to trigger an immune attack. Its lead product, aglatimagene, improved disease-free survival when added to radiotherapy in localised prostate cancer in a phase 3 trial, and a US approval filing is planned for late 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/candel-therapeutics.md - Canon Medical Systems (company): Canon Medical is the Japanese imaging vendor (formerly Toshiba Medical) with CT, MRI, ultrasound, and the Cartesion Prime PET/CT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/canon-medical.md - Canopy (company): Canopy is software for cancer clinics that lets patients report symptoms from home between visits, sorts the reports by urgency for nurses, and automates the paperwork that lets clinics bill for that monitoring. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/canopy.md - Capstan Therapeutics (company): Capstan built a way to create CAR T cells inside the patient's body by delivering messenger RNA in targeted lipid nanoparticles, avoiding the need to manufacture cells outside the body. AbbVie bought it in 2025 for $2.1 billion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capstan-therapeutics.md - Captor Therapeutics (company): Captor Therapeutics, a Polish company listed in Warsaw, designs small molecules that make cells destroy disease-causing proteins. Its lead cancer programme degrades three proteins at once and is aimed at liver and lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/captor-therapeutics.md - Cardinal Health Nuclear & Precision Health Solutions (company): Nuclear pharmacy network (>130 sites) that compounds and delivers SPECT and PET doses, and a distributor of oncology drugs to community practices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cardinal-health.md - Careology (company): Careology is an app that helps people going through cancer treatment log symptoms, medicines and appointments, and a dashboard that lets their hospital team see problems early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/careology.md - Carevive Systems (company): Carevive built software that cancer clinics use to give each patient a personalised care plan and to collect symptom reports from home so nurses can act early. It is now part of Health Catalyst. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carevive-systems.md - CARGO Therapeutics (company): CARGO developed a CAR T-cell therapy aimed at a protein called CD22 for patients with large B-cell lymphoma whose cancer had come back after CD19 CAR T treatment. It went public in 2023 and was bought by Concentra Biosciences in 2025 after winding down development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cargo-therapeutics.md - Caribou Biosciences (company): CRISPR-edited allogeneic CAR-T company whose vispa-cel (CB-010) matched autologous CAR-T efficacy in lymphoma in 2025 data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caribou.md - Caris Life Sciences (company): Whole-exome and whole-transcriptome tumour profiling at scale, with a large real-world database. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caris.md - Carrum Health (company): Carrum Health lets employers send workers with cancer to top cancer centres for a single upfront price, with travel and care coordination included and usually no bills for the patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carrum-health.md - CARsgen Therapeutics (company): CARsgen Therapeutics developed satri-cel, the first CAR-T approved for a solid tumour (gastric cancer, China). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carsgen.md - Cartesian Therapeutics (company): Cartesian makes CAR-T cells from messenger RNA rather than permanent gene insertion, so the cells work for days and then fade; it began in myeloma and now leads phase 3 trials in autoimmune disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cartesian-therapeutics.md - CARTx Therapeutics (company): CARTx Therapeutics, spun out of Nationwide Children's Hospital, is developing affordable off-the-shelf CAR gamma-delta T cell therapies from healthy donors for solid tumours and blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cartx-therapeutics.md - Casdin Capital (company): A New York investment firm founded by Eli Casdin that invests in life sciences companies on both public and private markets. Its venture list includes cancer companies such as Black Diamond Therapeutics and Function Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/casdin-capital.md - Catalent (Novo Holdings) (company): Catalent, of Somerset, New Jersey, is a contract manufacturer that fills and finishes sterile injectables and makes biologics and cell and gene therapies; Novo Holdings bought it in 2024 and moved three sites to Novo Nordisk. The diversion of fill-finish capacity to obesity drugs may squeeze oncology products. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/catalent.md - CatalYm (company): CatalYm is a Germany-based biotechnology company running 5 late-stage cancer trials of Visugromab (CTL-002), Visugromab and visugromab (CTL-002) in non-small-cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/catalym.md - CEBIOTEX (company): CEBIOTEX is a Spain-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of CEB-01 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cebiotex.md - CeGaT (company): CeGaT, a Tübingen genetics laboratory, sequences tumour and normal DNA side by side and identifies the patient-specific neoantigens that personalised vaccines are built on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cegat.md - Celcuity (company): Celcuity developed gedatolisib, approved in July 2026 for hormone-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/celcuity.md - Cellares (company): Cellares builds the Cell Shuttle, a fully automated 'smart factory' for cell therapies, with BMS and Kite as partners. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellares.md - Celldex Therapeutics (company): Biotech that ran one of the early GPNMB ADCs in triple-negative breast cancer, which failed, and has since pivoted to mast-cell (KIT) antibodies for allergic disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/celldex.md - Cellectar Biosciences (company): Cellectar is a New Jersey radiopharmaceutical company whose iodine-131 phospholipid drug conjugate iopofosine targets the lipid rafts of cancer cells, with a pivotal trial (CLOVER-WaM) in relapsed Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellectar.md - Cellectis S.A. (company): Cellectis S.A. is a France-based cell therapy company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of CLLS52 and UCART22 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellectis-s-a.md - Cellogen Therapeutics (company): A Delhi start-up developing bispecific CD19 and CD20 CAR-T cells and gene therapies for thalassaemia, aiming to cut treatment costs by up to 90%; still before its first trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellogen.md - CellSeed (company): CellSeed is a Tokyo regenerative-medicine company whose cell sheets, grown on temperature-responsive dishes, are applied to the oesophagus after endoscopic cancer removal to prevent scarring and narrowing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellseed.md - Celltrion (company): Celltrion is a South Korea-based pharmaceutical company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of CT-P51 and CT-P44(Daratumumab) in non-small-cell lung cancer and multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/celltrion.md - Century Therapeutics (company): Century makes off-the-shelf cell therapies from induced pluripotent stem cells that are engineered to hide from the patient's immune system. Its main focus is now type 1 diabetes, with a CD19 CAR T-like product for cancer and autoimmune disease due to enter the clinic in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/century-therapeutics.md - Certis Oncology Solutions (company): Certis grows pieces of a patient's tumour in mice and in the lab to test which drugs work, serving both drug developers and oncologists looking for treatment options for an individual patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/certis-oncology-solutions.md - CG Oncology (company): CG Oncology developed cretostimogene, the oncolytic virus for early bladder cancer, and is filing for approval in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cg-oncology.md - Chai Discovery (company): Makes Chai-1 and Chai-2, open-weight structure models used for antibody and binder design. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chai-discovery.md - Champions Oncology (company): Oncology CRO with the largest bank of patient-derived xenograft models (TumorGraft), now adding 3D organoid screening and radiopharmaceutical services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/champions-oncology.md - Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (Biohub) (company): Funds and builds the Human Cell Atlas infrastructure and the CZI virtual cell models (TranscriptFormer), plus one of the largest nonprofit GPU clusters for biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chan-zuckerberg-initiative.md - Changchun GeneScience Pharmaceutical (company): GeneScience is a Changchun biotech known for growth hormone that also makes a long-acting G-CSF used to prevent infection after chemotherapy, and leads phase 3 cancer trials in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/changchun-genescience.md - Charles River Laboratories (company): Preclinical CRO for safety and discovery studies, with viral vector and cell-therapy manufacturing services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-river.md - Checkpoint Therapeutics (company): Checkpoint Therapeutics developed cosibelimab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody approved by the FDA in December 2024 for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and was acquired by Sun Pharma in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkpoint-therapeutics.md - Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology (company): Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology is a Chinese developer in Chengdu that sponsors 6 registered cancer trials of Purinostat and Purinostat Mesylate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chengdu-zenitar-biomedical-technology.md - Chipscreen Biosciences (company): Chipscreen discovered chidamide (tucidinostat), the first original epigenetic cancer drug from China, approved in 2014 and later in Japan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chipscreen.md - Chongqing Precision Biotech (company): Chongqing Precision Biotech is a China-based cell therapy company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chongqing-precision-biotech.md - Chugai Pharmaceutical (company): Chugai is a Tokyo pharmaceutical company majority-owned by Roche that discovered alectinib for ALK-positive lung cancer and sells Roche's cancer medicines in Japan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chugai.md - Cipla (company): The Mumbai generics maker famous for a one-dollar-a-day HIV regimen, which sells oncology generics across India and Africa and in 2026 partnered with ImmunoACT to take Indian CAR-T therapy to Africa. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cipla.md - Circle Pharma (company): Circle Pharma is developing CID-078, the first oral cyclin A/B RxL inhibitor, aimed at cancers with a broken G1/S checkpoint such as small-cell lung and triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/circle-pharma.md - Citius Pharmaceuticals (company): Citius Pharmaceuticals brought denileukin diftitox back to market as Lymphir, approved in 2024 for relapsed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, through its Citius Oncology subsidiary. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/citius-pharmaceuticals.md - CivaTech Oncology (company): CivaTech Oncology is a United States-based medical device company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/civatech-oncology.md - Civica Rx (company): Non-profit generic drug maker formed by hospital systems to secure supply of essential injectables, including oncology drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/civica-rx.md - Clario (company): Clario is the endpoint technology company (Bioclinica and ERT merger) for imaging, eCOA, and cardiac data in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clario.md - Clarity Pharmaceuticals (company): Clarity Pharmaceuticals, a Sydney radiopharmaceutical company, pairs copper isotopes with SAR-bisPSMA, a molecule that binds PSMA on prostate cancer cells: copper-64 for PET imaging, in the phase 3 AMPLIFY and CLARIFY trials, and copper-67 for therapy in the SECuRE trial. The copper-67 therapy is still at the dose-finding stage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clarity-pharmaceuticals.md - Clear Gene (company): Clear Gene is developing tests that tell a surgeon, quickly, whether all of the cancer was removed during an operation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clear-gene.md - ClearNote Health (company): ClearNote Health sells blood tests that look for chemical marks on DNA fragments in the blood to catch pancreatic and ovarian cancer early in people at high risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clearnote-health.md - Clovis Oncology (company): Clovis Oncology was the Colorado company that brought the PARP inhibitor rucaparib (Rubraca) to market for ovarian and prostate cancer before filing for bankruptcy in December 2022; its products passed to pharma& in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clovis-oncology.md - CNSide Diagnostics (company): CNSide captures tumour cells from cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose and track leptomeningeal disease, cancer spread to the linings of the brain and spine that conventional cytology often misses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cnside-diagnostics.md - Cofactor Genomics (company): Cofactor Genomics reads the RNA of a tumour sample to model the immune cells inside it, and uses that to predict who will respond to immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cofactor-genomics.md - Cogent Biosciences (company): Cogent Biosciences makes bezuclastinib, a pill that blocks a mutated protein called KIT. It is being tested in a rare gut tumour called GIST and in systemic mastocytosis, a disease of overactive immune cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cogent-biosciences.md - Coherus BioSciences (company): Coherus is a Californian company that grew up on biosimilars and now holds the US rights to toripalimab, the anti-PD-1 antibody approved in 2023 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the first FDA approval for that cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/coherus.md - Color Health (company): Color Health runs a cancer programme for employers and health plans that gets people screened, follows up abnormal results, and gives those diagnosed access to an online clinic staffed by oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/color-health.md - Comecer (ATS) (company): Comecer, of Castel Bolognese, Italy, and part of ATS Corporation, makes hot cells, isolators and dose calibrators, the shielded enclosures and automation that radiopharmacies need to handle radioactive drugs aseptically. Therapeutic radioligands need more shielding than diagnostic tracers, and whether hospitals build enough of it is the open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/comecer.md - Compass Therapeutics (company): Compass makes antibodies that hit two targets at once to reshape the blood supply and immune environment of tumours. Its lead drug, tovecimig, blocks two blood-vessel growth signals and is heading for a possible US approval filing in bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/compass-therapeutics.md - ConcertAI (company): Oncology real-world data and AI company (ex-CancerLinQ data partner), supplying pharma and FDA-facing studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/concertai.md - Convergent Therapeutics (company): Convergent Therapeutics attaches an alpha-emitting isotope to an antibody that homes in on prostate cancer cells, for men whose disease has progressed after standard radioligand treatment. Its lead medicine has reported mid-stage trial results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/convergent-therapeutics.md - Corbus Pharmaceuticals (company): Corbus Pharmaceuticals is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of CRB-601 monoclonal antibody and CRB-701. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/corbus-pharmaceuticals.md - Corcept Therapeutics (company): Corcept is a cortisol-modulation company whose relacorilant was approved in ovarian cancer in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/corcept.md - Cormorant Asset Management (company): A Boston biotech investment firm led by Bihua Chen that invests in private and public life sciences companies and is a frequent name in crossover rounds. Its website could not be reached at the time of research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cormorant-asset-management.md - COTA (company): Curated oncology real-world data with clinically abstracted endpoints, used in FDA-recognised RWE studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cota-healthcare.md - Cradle (company): Cradle is a protein-engineering AI platform used by pharma to optimise antibodies and enzymes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cradle-bio.md - Crinetics Pharmaceuticals (company): Crinetics Pharmaceuticals is a United States-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of CRN09682 in neuroendocrine tumours and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crinetics-pharmaceuticals.md - Cryoport (company): Cryoport is a specialist cryogenic logistics provider supporting most commercial CAR-T products and hundreds of cell-therapy trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cryoport.md - CSL Limited (company): CSL is the Australian plasma-products and vaccines group whose CSL Behring arm makes immunoglobulins and clotting factors used in supportive cancer care, and which has sponsored phase 3 trials in cancer settings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/csl.md - CSPC Pharmaceutical Group (company): CSPC is a large Chinese pharma whose cancer business rests on albumin-bound paclitaxel and liposomal doxorubicin generics, an ADC pipeline and a growing list of licences to Western companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cspc.md - CStone Pharmaceuticals (company): CStone developed sugemalimab, the first Chinese PD-L1 antibody approved in Europe, and brought pralsetinib, avapritinib and ivosidenib to China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cstone.md - Cullgen (company): Cullgen designs drugs that tag disease-causing proteins for destruction by the cell's own recycling system, and links such drugs to antibodies. In May 2026 it became part of Gyre Therapeutics, a US and China company focused on fibrosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cullgen.md - Cullinan Therapeutics (company): Cullinan develops T-cell engager antibodies, which pull a patient's T cells onto target cells, for both cancer and autoimmune disease. Its cancer lead, CLN-049, targets FLT3 on acute myeloid leukaemia cells and is entering a potentially registrational trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cullinan-therapeutics.md - Cure-First (company): Cure-First is a nonprofit that grows organoids from a patient's tumour and screens them against dozens of anticancer drugs, and makes the results available to patients directly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cure-first.md - Curesponse (company): Israeli company whose cResponse test keeps a patient's tumour fragment alive, with its vessels and immune cells, to test which treatments it responds to. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curesponse.md - CureVac (company): CureVac was one of the pioneers of messenger RNA medicines and developed mRNA cancer vaccines for brain and head and neck cancer. It is now part of BioNTech, which bought the company. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curevac.md - Curis (company): Curis is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of Emavusertib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and primary CNS lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curis.md - Curium (company): Curium is one of the largest nuclear-medicine companies, developing 177Lu-PSMA-I&T (ECLIPSE) as a competitor to Pluvicto. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curium.md - Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals (company): Cyclacel is a cell-cycle drug company whose nucleoside analogue sapacitabine failed its phase 3 trial in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia; it now develops CDK and PLK inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cyclacel.md - Cyted Health (company): Cyted Health offers a swallowable capsule on a string that collects cells from the whole food pipe in a nurse-led appointment, so people with heartburn can be checked for Barrett's oesophagus and early oesophageal cancer without an endoscopy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cyted-health.md - Cytiva (Danaher) (company): Danaher's bioprocessing arm (formerly GE Healthcare Life Sciences), supplying the Sefia cell-therapy platform, chromatography, and single-use systems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytiva.md - CytomX Therapeutics (company): CytomX Therapeutics makes 'masked' antibody medicines: a peptide covers the antibody's binding site until tumour enzymes cut it off, so the drug switches on mainly inside tumours and can hit targets that healthy tissue also carries. Its lead, an EpCAM-directed topoisomerase inhibitor conjugate for advanced bowel cancer, is in phase 1 with Fast Track status. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytomx-therapeutics.md - CytoReason (company): CytoReason builds computer models of human diseases from molecular and clinical data so drug companies can predict which targets and drugs are most likely to work, including in cancer immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytoreason.md - D3 Bio (Wuxi) (company): D3 Bio (Wuxi) is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/d3-bio-wuxi.md - Daehwa Pharmaceutical (company): Daehwa is a Korean pharmaceutical company whose oral paclitaxel (Liporaxel) was approved in Korea for gastric cancer after a phase 3 trial it led, one of the few oral formulations of a taxane to reach the market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daehwa-pharmaceutical.md - Daiichi Sankyo (company): Daiichi Sankyo is the Japanese company whose DXd payload technology created the best ADC platform in the industry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daiichi-sankyo.md - Dantari (company): Dantari built polymer-based drug carriers that let an antibody deliver far more chemotherapy to a tumour than standard antibody-drug conjugates, while sparing the bone marrow. Its first medicine was tested in breast cancer before the company sold off its assets in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dantari.md - Data Driven Bioscience (Duoseq) (company): Data Driven Bioscience is building a faster, cheaper sequencing-based way to diagnose and subtype cancers, starting with lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/data-driven-bioscience.md - Datavant (company): Privacy-preserving record linkage (tokenisation) that lets real-world datasets be joined without exposing identities. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/datavant.md - Day One Biopharmaceuticals (company): Paediatric-first oncology company whose tovorafenib became the first targeted therapy for childhood low-grade glioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/day-one-biopharmaceuticals.md - DCVC (company): DCVC, once Data Collective, is a deep-tech venture firm whose DCVC Bio arm backs computational biology and cancer diagnostics companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dcvc.md - Debiopharm (company): Debiopharm is the private Swiss developer of the WEE1 inhibitor zedoresertib (Debio 0123) and of dual-payload ADC research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/debiopharm.md - Deciphera Pharmaceuticals (Ono) (company): Kinase-switch-control company behind ripretinib for GIST and vimseltinib for tenosynovial giant cell tumour; bought by Ono Pharmaceutical in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deciphera.md - Deep 6 AI (company): Deep 6 AI made software that reads hospital records, including free text notes, to find patients who match clinical trial criteria in minutes. It was bought by the genomics and data company Tempus in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deep-6-ai.md - Deerfield Management (company): A New York healthcare investment firm that funds companies, runs its own drug discovery labs and a philanthropy arm. It founded and seeded Nuvalent, a lung cancer drug company that GSK agreed to buy for $10.6 billion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deerfield-management.md - Delcath Systems (company): Delcath makes the Hepzato Kit, the melphalan percutaneous hepatic perfusion system approved by the FDA in 2023 for uveal melanoma that has spread to the liver, and sells the same device in Europe as Chemosat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/delcath.md - Delee (company): Delee, from Mexico, built a blood-testing device that catches circulating tumour cells to help diagnose cancer earlier and follow treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/delee.md - DELFI Diagnostics (company): Fragmentomics company whose FirstLook Lung blood test aims to raise lung-cancer screening uptake; first randomised clinical-utility data in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/delfi-diagnostics.md - Delta-Fly Pharma (company): Delta-Fly is a small Japanese company from Tokushima that improves existing chemotherapy drugs; its continuous-infusion cytarabine analogue DFP-10917 is in phase 3 for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/delta-fly-pharma.md - Dendreon (company): Dendreon makes sipuleucel-T (Provenge), the first autologous cellular immunotherapy approved for cancer, for metastatic prostate cancer; the company went bankrupt in 2014 and has been owned by China's Sanpower group since 2017. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dendreon.md - Denovo Biopharma (company): Denovo is a San Diego biotech that revives failed drugs by finding the genetic marker of patients who did respond; it took enzastaurin back into phase 3 in lymphoma and glioblastoma with its DGM1 biomarker. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/denovo-biopharma.md - Diakonos Oncology (company): Diakonos Oncology makes dendritic cell therapies from a patient's own cells, with trials under way in glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer and melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diakonos-oncology.md - Diffusion Pharmaceuticals (company): Diffusion developed trans sodium crocetinate, a small molecule meant to carry more oxygen into tumours so radiotherapy works better; its phase 3 trial in glioblastoma was cut short and the company merged into another biotech in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diffusion-pharmaceuticals.md - Digistain (company): Digistain shines infrared light through a breast tumour slide and reads its chemical fingerprint to score how likely the cancer is to return, giving a result in a day rather than weeks and at a fraction of the cost of genomic tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/digistain.md - Discovery Life Sciences (company): Discovery Life Sciences is a large commercial biospecimen and biomarker services provider (tissue, blood, cells) for pharma and diagnostics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/discovery-life-sciences.md - Dizal Pharmaceutical (company): Dizal is a Shanghai biotechnology company built on small-molecule kinase inhibitors: sunvozertinib for EGFR exon 20 insertion lung cancer and DZD8586, a dual LYN and BTK inhibitor in the phase 3 TAI-SHAN6 trial for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dizal.md - DNAnexus (company): DNAnexus, of Mountain View, California, runs the secure genomics cloud platform behind the UK Biobank Research Analysis Platform and Genomics England, giving biobanks, drug companies and clinical laboratories a compliant place to store and analyse sequencing data. Whether such trusted environments open data to more researchers without weakening privacy is what those deployments test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dnanexus.md - Dong-A ST (company): Dong-A ST is a Seoul pharmaceutical company, the prescription-medicine arm of one of Korea's oldest drug groups, which sponsors phase 3 cancer trials including biosimilars and supportive-care products. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dong-a-st.md - Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (company): The Hyderabad generics maker that launched the world's first rituximab biosimilar in 2007 and now sells oncology generics and biosimilars in India, the US and Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dr-reddys.md - Duality Biotherapeutics (company): Chinese ADC platform company behind BioNTech's trastuzumab pamirtecan (BNT323/DB-1303) and AI-nominated targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dualitybio.md - Echo Immune (company): Echo Immune is developing personalised mRNA cancer vaccines designed from a patient's own tumour to stop cancer coming back after treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/echo-immune.md - Eckert & Ziegler (company): German isotope and radiopharmaceutical services company supplying Lu-177, Ga-68 generators, Ac-225 development, and contract manufacturing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eckert-ziegler.md - EcoR1 Capital (company): EcoR1 Capital is a San Francisco investment fund that only invests in biotech, from private rounds to listed companies, and often leads the crossover financings of cancer drug developers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ecor1-capital.md - Eikon Therapeutics (company): Eikon Therapeutics is a United States-based biotechnology company running 6 late-stage cancer trials of EIK1001, EIK1004-001 (IMP1707-001) and IMP1734 in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eikon-therapeutics.md - Eisai (company): Japanese pharma that makes lenvatinib (Lenvima), a first-line option in liver cancer and a partner of pembrolizumab in several tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eisai.md - Elekta (company): Elekta is the Swedish radiotherapy company behind Unity, the leading MR-linac, and Gamma Knife. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elekta.md - Element Biosciences (company): AVITI benchtop sequencer with avidity chemistry, competing on accuracy and cost with mid-throughput Illumina systems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/element-biosciences.md - Elevar Therapeutics (HLB) (company): Elevar Therapeutics developed rivoceranib, whose combination with camrelizumab has beaten sorafenib in liver cancer but has been refused by the FDA three times on manufacturing grounds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elevar-therapeutics.md - Eli Lilly (incl. Loxo) (company): Eli Lilly makes Verzenio and Retevmo, as well as the oral SERD imlunestrant and the BTK inhibitor pirtobrutinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eli-lilly.md - Elicio Therapeutics (company): Small biotech developing lymph-node-targeted KRAS vaccines for pancreatic and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elicio-therapeutics.md - Ellipses Pharma (company): Ellipses Pharma is a United Kingdom-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of EP0031, EP0042 and Azacitidine (AZA) in non-small-cell lung cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ellipses-pharma.md - Elpiscience (Suzhou) Biopharma (company): Elpiscience (Suzhou) Biopharma is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of ES014 and ES102 in desmoid tumour and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elpiscience-suzhou-biopharma.md - Elucidate Bio (company): Spatial multi-omics service that images DNA, RNA, and protein from the same tissue slide to predict therapeutic response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elucidate-bio.md - Elypta (company): Elypta, of Stockholm, measures glycosaminoglycans, sugar molecules in blood and urine, and scores them with machine learning to detect kidney cancer returning after surgery; a second programme tests whether the same signature can flag any cancer early in symptom-free adults. Only interim data support the screening use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elypta.md - Emergence Therapeutics (company): Emergence Therapeutics was a German start-up making an antibody that carries a cancer-killing drug to a protein called Nectin-4, which is found on most bladder cancers. Eli Lilly bought the company in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emergence-therapeutics.md - Emergent BioSolutions (company): Emergent is a Maryland vaccines and biodefence company whose brief oncology venture, the anti-CD37 protein otlertuzumab inherited from Trubion, reached late trials in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia before being shelved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emergent-biosolutions.md - Empyrean Medical Systems (company): Empyrean Medical Systems, of Florida, develops radiotherapy machines that use magnetic fields to shape high-energy electron beams, an MD Anderson approach designed for both conventional and FLASH dose rates, plus Vektra, a robotic arm for delivering radiation during surgery. None of its patient-treatment devices is yet cleared for sale. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/empyrean-medical-systems.md - Endo (now Keenova Therapeutics and Par Health) (company): Endo was a specialty and generics pharmaceutical company, one of the busiest industry sponsors of phase 3 cancer trials on ClinicalTrials.gov; after merging with Mallinckrodt it became Keenova Therapeutics, with its generics arm spun off as Par Health. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endo.md - Enlaza Therapeutics (company): Enlaza Therapeutics engineers protein drugs that lock permanently onto their target once they find it, which could let antibody-based cancer medicines work at lower doses with fewer side effects. Its programmes are still in laboratory development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enlaza-therapeutics.md - Enliven Therapeutics (company): Enliven Therapeutics designs cleaner versions of cancer pills that already work. Its lead drug targets the BCR-ABL protein in chronic myeloid leukaemia and a second drug targets mutated HER2 in lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enliven-therapeutics.md - Epic Systems (company): Epic Systems is the dominant US hospital EHR; its Beacon oncology module handles chemotherapy ordering and Cosmos aggregates de-identified records for research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epic-systems.md - EpicentRx (company): EpicentRx is a United States-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials in sarcomas, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epicentrx.md - Epistamai Biotech (company): Epistamai Biotech is a UK concierge navigation service focused on maximal diagnostics and precision therapeutics for cancer patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epistamai-biotech.md - EQT Life Sciences (company): The life sciences venture arm of the Swedish investment group EQT, formerly the Amsterdam firm LSP (Life Sciences Partners). It funds European and US biotech and medtech companies, including in cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eqt-life-sciences.md - Erasca (company): Erasca develops pills that shut down the RAS signalling pathway, one of the most common drivers of cancer. Its two lead drugs aim to block all forms of RAS or KRAS rather than a single mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erasca.md - Eris Biotech (company): Eris Biotech is making small-molecule pills that release the brakes on the immune system inside tumours, starting with mesothelioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eris-biotech.md - ESSA Pharma (company): ESSA Pharma developed masofaniten, an AR N-terminal-domain inhibitor whose phase 2 was stopped for futility in 2024-25. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/essa-pharma.md - Eurofarma (company): Eurofarma is a São Paulo pharmaceutical group founded in 1972, one of the largest Brazilian-owned drug makers, with an oncology portfolio and phase 3 trials it leads in Latin America. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eurofarma.md - Evaxion (company): Evaxion uses artificial intelligence to design vaccines against cancer and infections. Its lead cancer vaccine is personalised to each melanoma patient's tumour, and a newer off-the-shelf vaccine targets brain cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evaxion.md - Even One Ventures (company): Even One Ventures is a venture studio that builds companies in the image of one patient's playbook: Sid Sijbrandij, the GitLab co-founder who, told in 2024 that he had run out of options for recurrent osteosarcoma, assembled a team, pursued every diagnostic and built individualised treatments in parallel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evenone-ventures.md - Evergreen Theragnostics (company): Evergreen Theragnostics manufactures radioactive cancer medicines for other companies and develops its own imaging agent for neuroendocrine tumours and a treatment for small cell lung cancer. Lantheus agreed to buy it in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evergreen-theragnostics.md - Evive Biotech (company): Evive Biotech developed efbemalenograstim alfa (Ryzneuta), a long-acting G-CSF fusion protein for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia approved in the US in 2023 and the EU in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evive-biotech.md - EvolutionaryScale (company): Spun out of Meta's protein team; makes the ESM3 protein language model that generated a new fluorescent protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evolutionaryscale.md - Evopoint Biosciences (company): Evopoint Biosciences is a China-based biotechnology company running 6 late-stage cancer trials of XNW29016, XNW5004 and XNW28012 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, follicular lymphoma and prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evopoint-biosciences.md - Exact Sciences (Abbott) (company): Exact Sciences makes Cologuard and Oncotype DX and is launching Cancerguard MCED and Oncodetect MRD; it is being acquired by Abbott for $21B. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exact-sciences.md - Exai Bio (company): Exai Bio is building blood tests that look for small pieces of RNA made only by tumours, rather than tumour DNA, and uses artificial intelligence to find cancer early from a routine blood draw. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exai-bio.md - Exelixis (company): Exelixis makes cabozantinib (Cabometyx), used in kidney, liver, thyroid and, since 2025, neuroendocrine cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exelixis.md - Exscientia (company): Exscientia was a British pioneer in designing drugs with artificial intelligence, including cancer drugs that reached early clinical trials. It has been folded into the US company Recursion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exscientia.md - F-Prime Capital (company): F-Prime Capital is the venture firm that grew out of Fidelity's own money. It invests in healthcare and technology companies, including cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, from seed to growth. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/f-prime-capital.md - Fate Therapeutics (company): Fate Therapeutics builds iPSC-derived off-the-shelf CAR-T and CAR-NK cells (FT819, FT522) for cancer and autoimmune disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fate-therapeutics.md - Ferring Pharmaceuticals (company): Ferring is the private Swiss pharma that brought the first bladder cancer gene therapy, Adstiladrin, to market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ferring.md - FidoCure (company): FidoCure sequences the tumours of dogs with cancer and matches them to targeted drugs, bringing precision medicine to veterinary oncology and building a dataset that also informs human cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fidocure.md - FinalDose (company): Y Combinator Spring 2026 start-up building a programmable DNA-targeting drug: a molecule that recognises a cancer-specific DNA sequence inside a cell and triggers a kill switch only there. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/finaldose.md - Firefly Bio (company): Firefly Bio attaches protein-destroying molecules to antibodies so they are delivered only into cancer cells, a new twist on antibody-drug conjugates. Johnson & Johnson bought the company for about 1 billion dollars in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/firefly-bio.md - First Ascent Biomedical (company): First Ascent Biomedical grows a patient's cancer cells and tests more than 150 approved drugs against them to find the right drug for the right patient at the right time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/first-ascent-biomedical.md - Flagship Pioneering (company): A Cambridge, Massachusetts firm that invents and builds its own biotech companies rather than backing outside founders. Its cancer-focused companies include Foghorn Therapeutics and Repertoire Immune Medicines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flagship-pioneering.md - Flatiron Health (Roche) (company): Oncology EHR (OncoEMR) and the largest curated real-world oncology database, acquired by Roche for $1.9B in 2018. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flatiron-health.md - Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute (company): Florida Cancer Specialists is one of the largest independent oncology practices in the US and a leading phase 1 enroller through its Drug Development Unit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/florida-cancer-specialists.md - Foghorn Therapeutics (company): Foghorn Therapeutics makes drugs that act on the machinery that packages DNA and controls which genes are switched on. Its lead drug, partnered with Lilly, targets lung cancers that have lost a gene called SMARCA4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foghorn-therapeutics.md - Forbion (company): A Dutch venture firm that funds European and North American biotech companies from formation to late-stage growth. Its homepage says it manages around EUR 5 billion across 11 funds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/forbion.md - Foresee Pharmaceuticals (company): Foresee is a Taipei biotech whose long-acting leuprolide depot, Camcevi, is an injection for advanced prostate cancer, and which runs phase 3 trials as lead sponsor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foresee-pharmaceuticals.md - Foresight Diagnostics (company): Stanford spin-out whose PhasED-Seq ctDNA technology detects residual lymphoma more accurately than PET/CT; clinical launch of CLARITY in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foresight-diagnostics.md - Foresite Capital (company): A San Francisco investment firm that funds healthcare companies at every stage with a data-science approach. Its cancer investments include CG Oncology, ALX Oncology, Kura Oncology and the blood-test company Delfi Diagnostics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foresite-capital.md - Fortrea (company): Fortrea, of Durham, North Carolina, is the contract research organisation spun out of Labcorp in 2023 that runs clinical trials for sponsors and keeps ties to Labcorp's central laboratory, which handles trial samples. Competing for oncology programmes against much larger rivals without its parent's balance sheet is its open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fortrea.md - Forward Pharmaceuticals (company): Forward Pharmaceuticals is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of FWD1802 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/forward-pharmaceuticals.md - Foundation Medicine (Roche) (company): Maker of the FDA-approved FoundationOne CDx genomic test used across dozens of drug labels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foundation-medicine.md - Founders Fund (company): Peter Thiel's San Francisco venture firm, best known for SpaceX, Palantir and Anduril. Its public portfolio page does not name any cancer companies, so its relevance to oncology is limited. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/founders-fund.md - Frazier Life Sciences (company): A life sciences venture firm that grew out of Frazier Healthcare Partners in Seattle and now operates independently, backing private and public biotech companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frazier-life-sciences.md - Freenome (company): Freenome makes SimpleScreen CRC, the second FDA-approved blood test for colorectal cancer screening (July 2026), commercialised by Abbott. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/freenome.md - Fresenius Kabi (company): Fresenius Kabi, of Bad Homburg, Germany, supplies the Amicus and LOVO apheresis devices that collect and process cells for cell therapy, a large portfolio of generic chemotherapy injectables, biosimilars and infusion products. Its generics have filled gaps during injectable shortages, which keep recurring because the economics of generic injectables remain unfixed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fresenius-kabi.md - Frontier Medicines (company): Chemoproteomics company with FMC-376, a KRAS G12C inhibitor that hits both the ON and OFF states of the protein, in phase 1/2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frontier-medicines.md - FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies (company): FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, headquartered in Tokyo, is a biologics contract manufacturer offering mammalian and microbial production and cell and gene therapy services, and is adding antibody capacity in Denmark and North Carolina, where its Holly Springs site is among the world's largest. Whether new capacity outruns demand once the biggest antibody patents expire is the sector's question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fujifilm-diosynth.md - Fusion Pharmaceuticals (AstraZeneca) (company): Alpha-emitter company acquired by AstraZeneca ($2.4B, 2024); FPI-2265 (225Ac-PSMA-I&T) in phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fusion-pharma.md - Future of Cancer Care Today (FCCT) (company): Future of Cancer Care Today is a free, PhD-led service that helps cancer patients and families connect the dots when standard of care runs out: it surfaces diagnostic and treatment options for their case, finds vetted suppliers who work beyond standard protocols, and writes playbooks so families walk into the next appointment with a fuller picture. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/future-of-cancer-care-today.md - FutureChem (company): FutureChem is a South Korea-based radiopharmaceutical company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of [F-18]Florastamin in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/futurechem.md - G1 Therapeutics (company): G1 Therapeutics developed trilaciclib (Cosela), a CDK4/6 inhibitor given before chemotherapy to protect bone marrow, approved in 2021 for small-cell lung cancer; the company was acquired by Pharmacosmos in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/g1-therapeutics.md - Galapagos (company): Galapagos is a biotech pursuing decentralised, seven-day vein-to-vein CAR-T manufacturing at hospital sites; it restructured its cell-therapy business in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/galapagos.md - Galderma (company): Galderma is a Swiss dermatology company, listed in 2024, whose cancer-related trials concern photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/galderma.md - Galen (company): Galen is an AI personal assistant for cancer patients that helps find trials, interpret lab results, manage appointments and deal with insurance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/galen.md - Galena Biopharma (company): Galena was the company behind NeuVax, a HER2 peptide vaccine meant to stop early breast cancer returning; the phase 3 PRESENT trial was stopped for futility in 2016 and Galena merged into SELLAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/galena-biopharma.md - Galera Therapeutics (company): Galera developed avasopasem, a synthetic enzyme mimic meant to prevent the severe mouth ulcers of head and neck radiotherapy; the FDA declined approval in 2023 despite a positive phase 3 trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/galera-therapeutics.md - Gamgee (company): Gamgee sequences a dog's tumour and designs a personalised mRNA vaccine that teaches its immune system what to attack, and is running trials in Australia with the aim of improving the approach with every case. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gamgee.md - Gamida Cell (company): Gamida Cell developed omidubicel, the nicotinamide-expanded cord blood therapy approved by the FDA in 2023 to speed neutrophil recovery after transplant in patients with blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gamida-cell.md - GC Cell (company): GC Cell is a South Korean cell therapy company whose autologous cytokine-induced killer cell product Immuncell-LC has been approved in Korea since 2007 as adjuvant treatment after liver cancer surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gc-cell.md - GE HealthCare (company): GE HealthCare, of Chicago, makes PET/CT, MRI and CT scanners (Omni Legend, SIGNA, Revolution) and PET tracers through its Pharmaceutical Diagnostics business, including Cerianna, the fluoroestradiol F-18 agent that images oestrogen receptors in breast cancer. Whether receptor-imaging tracers change treatment decisions often enough to be reimbursed is its tracer business's open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ge-healthcare.md - Gemini Therapeutics (company): Gemini Therapeutics is a startup with a single purpose: finishing the development of aldoxorubicin, a tumour-targeted form of doxorubicin, founded after the GitLab co-founder Sid Sijbrandij was treated with doxorubicin for osteosarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemini-therapeutics.md - Genelux (company): Genelux is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of olvimulogene nanivacirepvec and Olvimulogene nanivacirepvec in ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genelux.md - Geneos Therapeutics (company): Geneos builds a personalised DNA vaccine for each patient from the mutations in their own tumour, injected into the skin with a small electrical pulse so the immune system learns to attack the cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geneos-therapeutics.md - GeneQuantum Healthcare (Suzhou) (company): GeneQuantum Healthcare (Suzhou) is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of GQ1005 and phase II in HER2-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genequantum-healthcare-suzhou.md - General Catalyst (company): A large venture firm founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that now spans seed to growth and even owns a hospital system. Its health portfolio includes the radiopharmaceutical company Alpha-9 Oncology and the radiology AI firm Aidoc. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/general-catalyst.md - Generate:Biomedicines (company): Generative-AI protein design company (Flagship) that went public in 2026 and is testing an antibody that neutralises leaked ADC payload to reduce side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/generate-biomedicines.md - Genesis Molecular AI (formerly Genesis Therapeutics) (company): Genesis Molecular AI does small-molecule discovery on its GEMS platform, which combines physics and deep learning, with oncology programmes in the clinic pipeline. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genesis-molecular-ai.md - GenFleet Therapeutics (company): GenFleet discovered fulzerasib, the first KRAS G12C inhibitor approved in China, and licensed it to Innovent for the Chinese market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genfleet.md - Genmab (company): Genmab is the Danish antibody engineering company behind the DuoBody platform, Tivdak, Epkinly, and (via ProfoundBio) rinatabart sesutecan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genmab.md - Genprex (company): Genprex is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of quaratusugene ozeplasmid in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genprex.md - Georgiamune (company): Georgiamune is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of GIM122 and GIM-531 in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/georgiamune.md - Geron Corporation (company): Geron is the Californian company behind imetelstat, the first telomerase inhibitor to reach approval, cleared by the FDA in 2024 for lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with transfusion-dependent anaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geron.md - Gilde Healthcare (company): Gilde Healthcare is a Dutch investor with separate funds for venture-stage health companies and for established healthcare businesses, backing diagnostics, medical technology and therapeutics across Europe and the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gilde-healthcare.md - Gilead Sciences (incl. Kite) (company): Gilead owns Trodelvy (via the $21B Immunomedics deal) and the Kite CAR-T franchise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gilead.md - Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (Ichnos Glenmark Innovation) (company): The Indian company whose trispecific antibody ISB 2001 for multiple myeloma was licensed to AbbVie in 2025 for 700 million dollars upfront, the largest deal for an Indian-discovered cancer drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glenmark.md - Google (Health, DeepMind, Verily) (company): Alphabet's health efforts: mammography and pathology AI research, Med-PaLM/MedGemma medical models, DeepMind's AlphaFold, and Isomorphic Labs drug design. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/google-health.md - Google DeepMind (and Google Research) (company): Google DeepMind built AlphaFold, AlphaMissense, AlphaGenome and Med-Gemini, the reference models for structure, variants, and medical multimodal reasoning. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/google-deepmind.md - GRAIL (company): GRAIL developed Galleri, the multi-cancer blood test awaiting an FDA decision after a September 2026 advisory committee. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/grail.md - Granza Bio (company): Granza Bio is turning the natural attack particles that killer immune cells fire at their targets into programmable medicines that can re-arm exhausted immune cells against cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/granza-bio.md - Grifols (company): Grifols is the Catalan plasma-medicines group founded in 1909, whose immunoglobulins, albumin and clotting factors are used in supportive cancer care, and which has led phase 3 trials in cancer-related settings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/grifols.md - Gritstone bio (company): Neoantigen-vaccine pioneer (GRANITE, SLATE) that ran out of money and filed for bankruptcy in October 2024; a cautionary tale for the personalised-vaccine field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gritstone.md - GSK (company): GSK makes Jemperli, Zejula, and the twice-approved myeloma ADC Blenrep. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gsk.md - GT Medical Technologies (company): GT Medical Technologies makes GammaTile, small dissolvable collagen tiles containing radioactive caesium seeds that a neurosurgeon places in the cavity left after removing a brain tumour, so radiation starts immediately and the patient avoids weeks of daily radiotherapy visits. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gt-medical-technologies.md - GTx (company): GTx was a Memphis biotech that developed selective androgen receptor modulators, including enobosarm for cancer-related muscle wasting and breast cancer, before merging with Oncternal Therapeutics in 2019. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gtx.md - Guardant Health (company): Liquid biopsy leader: Guardant360 for genotyping, Reveal for MRD, Shield for screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/guardant-health.md - Guardian Bio (company): Guardian Bio turns a patient's stem cells into dendritic cells, the immune system's teachers, trains them against that patient's tumour and gives them back to restart the immune attack. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/guardian-bio.md - GV (Google Ventures) (company): Alphabet's venture arm, established in 2009. It has backed some of the best-known cancer diagnostics companies, including Foundation Medicine, Grail, Freenome and Flatiron Health, as well as cancer drug developers such as Forty Seven and Gritstone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gv.md - Haihe Biopharma (company): Haihe Biopharma is a China-based biotechnology company running 4 late-stage cancer trials of HH2853, Glumetinib and CYH33 in non-small-cell lung cancer, follicular lymphoma and sarcomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/haihe-biopharma.md - Halda Therapeutics (company): Halda Therapeutics invented a new kind of oral cancer drug that links a protein found only in tumour cells to a protein cells need to survive, killing the cancer cell. Johnson & Johnson bought the company for 3.05 billion US dollars in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/halda-therapeutics.md - Halozyme Therapeutics (company): Halozyme's recombinant hyaluronidase (ENHANZE) is what lets antibodies such as rituximab, trastuzumab and daratumumab be given as quick under-the-skin injections instead of long infusions; its own tumour-targeting version failed in pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/halozyme.md - Hamamatsu Photonics (company): Hamamatsu is the photonics company behind the NanoZoomer slide scanners and the photodetectors inside most PET scanners. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hamamatsu.md - Hangzhou Hanx Biopharmaceuticals (company): Hangzhou Hanx Biopharmaceuticals is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of HX009 in glioma & glioblastoma, biliary tract cancer and melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hangzhou-hanx-biopharmaceuticals.md - Hangzhou Sumgen Biotech (company): Hangzhou Sumgen Biotech is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of SG2918 and SG301 in multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hangzhou-sumgen-biotech.md - Hansoh Pharmaceutical (company): Hansoh is a Chinese pharmaceutical group whose EGFR inhibitor aumolertinib (Ameile in China, Aumseqa in the EU) became the first China-originated lung cancer pill authorised by the European Commission in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hansoh-pharma.md - Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group (company): Hansoh makes aumolertinib, China's most prescribed third-generation EGFR lung cancer pill, and has licensed two ADCs to GSK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hansoh.md - Harbinger Health (company): Flagship-founded blood-test company launching RESOLVE, a multi-cancer detection test for people with symptoms who are waiting for a diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harbinger-health.md - Harbour BioMed (company): Harbour BioMed is a Hong Kong-listed antibody company, with operations in China, the Netherlands and the United States, whose fully human and heavy-chain-only antibody platforms feed cancer immunotherapy programmes and phase 3 trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harbour-biomed.md - Harmonic Discovery (company): Harmonic Discovery designs single drugs that hit several disease-driving proteins at once, arguing that cancer is rarely caused by one broken protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harmonic-discovery.md - Harpoon Therapeutics (company): Harpoon built small T-cell engager proteins that link a patient's T cells to tumour cells, including HPN328, which targets DLL3 on small cell lung cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. Merck bought the company in early 2024 for about $680 million. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harpoon-therapeutics.md - Hartwig Medical Foundation (company): The Hartwig Medical Foundation sequences the whole genomes of Dutch cancer patients' tumours through participating hospitals and pools the data for research, one of the largest such programmes anywhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hartwig-medical-foundation.md - Haystack Oncology (company): Haystack Oncology, now owned by Quest Diagnostics, makes a blood test that looks for tiny traces of tumour DNA after cancer surgery to tell whether any cancer is left behind or coming back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/haystack-oncology.md - Heidelberg Pharma (company): Heidelberg Pharma is a German company building antibody-drug conjugates around amanitin, a toxin from the death cap mushroom that kills cells by blocking RNA polymerase II, with its lead candidate HDP-101 in multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/heidelberg-pharma.md - Helio Genomics (company): Helio Genomics sells HelioLiver, a blood test that combines DNA chemistry, protein markers and patient details to find liver cancer earlier than the ultrasound scans usually used for surveillance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helio-genomics.md - Helsinn (company): Helsinn is a Swiss family-owned company focused on supportive cancer care: the antiemetics Aloxi and Akynzeo, and the topical nitrogen mustard Valchlor for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helsinn.md - Henan Genuine Biotech (company): Henan Genuine Biotech is a Chinese developer in Henan that sponsors 2 registered cancer trials of GEN-725 and Dositinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/henan-genuine-biotech.md - Heron Therapeutics (company): Heron Therapeutics makes long-acting supportive-care injectables: the antiemetics Sustol (extended-release granisetron) and Cinvanti (aprepitant emulsion), plus the post-surgical analgesic Zynrelef. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/heron-therapeutics.md - Hetero Drugs (company): A privately held Hyderabad generics group, the world's largest maker of HIV antiretrovirals, which launched Indian biosimilars of rituximab in 2015 and bevacizumab in 2016. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hetero.md - HiberCell (company): HiberCell is a New York biotech working on the biology of dormant, disseminated cancer cells; its yeast beta-glucan immunotherapy imprime PGG, inherited from Biothera, reached late-stage trials with checkpoint inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hibercell.md - Hinova Pharmaceuticals (company): Hinova Pharmaceuticals is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of HP518 - Dose Escalation, HP518 -Dose Expansion and HC-1119 in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hinova-pharmaceuticals.md - HistAI (company): HistAI, of Miami, released Hibou-B and Hibou-L in 2024, open vision transformer models for pathology trained on more than a million slides and published under the Apache 2.0 licence, which allows commercial use. Whether permissively licensed open models reach regulated clinical products or stay research tools is the open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histai.md - HistoSonics (company): Inventor of histotripsy, non-invasive tumour destruction with focused ultrasound bubbles; acquired for $2.25B in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histosonics.md - HistoWiz (company): HistoWiz is a mail-in pathology laboratory for cancer researchers: send tissue, get scanned digital slides and expert readings online within days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histowiz.md - Hologic (company): The women's health company behind most 3D mammography machines, HPV and cytology testing, and the Breast Cancer Index. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hologic.md - HUB Organoids (company): The Clevers-lab spin-out that licenses patient-derived organoid technology and maintains a living biobank. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hub-organoids.md - Humane Genomics (company): Humane Genomics builds artificial cancer-killing viruses that only infect and only multiply inside tumour cells, starting with a rare liver cancer in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/humane-genomics.md - Hutchmed (company): Hutchmed discovered fruquintinib, the first Chinese cancer drug approved by the FDA for a common cancer, and savolitinib, its MET inhibitor partnered with AstraZeneca. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hutchmed.md - HUYABIO International (company): HUYABIO is a San Diego company that licenses Chinese-discovered medicines for the rest of the world; its lead is tucidinostat, the oral HDAC inhibitor approved in China and Japan for T-cell lymphoma, which it took into a phase 3 trial in melanoma with a checkpoint inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/huyabio.md - Iambic Therapeutics (company): AI-discovered oncology molecules in the clinic, including a HER2 inhibitor and a CDK2/4 inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iambic-therapeutics.md - IASO Biotherapeutics (company): IASO Bio developed eque-cel, the fully human BCMA CAR-T for myeloma approved in China in 2023 and partnered with Innovent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iaso-bio.md - IBA (Ion Beam Applications) (company): IBA (Ion Beam Applications), of Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, is the largest supplier of proton therapy equipment: its Proteus One and Proteus Plus systems equip proton centres worldwide, and it also builds cyclotrons for PET isotope production. Proton therapy's capital cost is the problem its compact systems try to answer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iba.md - Ibex Medical Analytics (company): Ibex makes artificial intelligence that examines digitised biopsy slides to help pathologists detect and grade prostate, breast and stomach cancer, and to score biomarkers such as HER2. Its prostate tool is FDA cleared and its systems are used in hundreds of laboratories. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ibex-medical-analytics.md - iCAD (RadNet) (company): Long-standing mammography computer-aided detection company whose ProFound AI was the first cleared for 3D mammography; acquired by RadNet in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icad.md - ICON plc (company): ICON is an Irish CRO (including PRA Health Sciences) with a large oncology franchise and an imaging core lab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icon-plc.md - IDEAYA Biosciences (company): IDEAYA Biosciences develops cancer drugs matched to the genetic make-up of a patient's tumour. Its most advanced drug, darovasertib, is in late-stage trials for a rare eye cancer called uveal melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ideaya-biosciences.md - Idera Pharmaceuticals (company): Idera was a Cambridge biotech whose injected TLR9 agonist tilsotolimod, given into tumours with ipilimumab, failed a phase 3 trial in anti-PD-1-refractory melanoma in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idera-pharmaceuticals.md - IGM Biosciences (company): IGM Biosciences engineered antibodies of the IgM class, which have ten binding arms instead of two, originally as T-cell engagers for blood cancers and later for autoimmune disease. It ended development and was bought by Concentra Biosciences in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/igm-biosciences.md - Ignitus Bio (company): Ignitus Bio is an Even One Ventures company outside cancer: it aims to measure a patient's mitochondrial function and use healthy mitochondria to restore energy in failing heart and brain tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ignitus-bio.md - Iksuda Therapeutics (company): Iksuda Therapeutics, based in Newcastle, designs antibody-drug conjugates, antibodies that release a cancer-killing drug only once inside the tumour. Its HER2-targeting medicine is in early human trials, with encouraging results in oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iksuda-therapeutics.md - Iktos (company): Iktos sells artificial intelligence software that designs new drug molecules and plans how to make them, and runs robotic labs that build and test the molecules automatically. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iktos.md - Illumina (company): Illumina is the dominant DNA sequencing platform underneath nearly every genomic test in oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/illumina.md - Illumina Ventures (company): An independently managed venture firm with a strategic tie to the sequencing company Illumina. It backs genomics and precision health start-ups, including cancer companies such as Delfi Diagnostics, Actym Therapeutics and Oncko. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/illumina-ventures.md - Imagene AI (company): Imagene AI trains large artificial intelligence models on ordinary stained biopsy images so that, within minutes, a slide can predict which gene changes a lung tumour carries, helping doctors decide on targeted drugs before slower genetic tests return. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imagene-ai.md - Immatics (company): TCR-T company whose PRAME-directed anzu-cel (IMA203) is in the phase 3 SUPRAME trial in melanoma, with a launch targeted for 2027. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immatics.md - Immunai (company): Immunai maps the human immune system cell by cell and uses machine learning on that map to help drug companies pick targets and design trials, including for cancer immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunai.md - Immuneel Therapeutics (company): A Bengaluru cell therapy company that brought Barcelona's academic CD19 CAR-T to India as Qartemi, the country's second approved CAR-T, after the IMAGINE trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immuneel.md - Immuneering (company): Immuneering is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of Atebimetinib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immuneering.md - ImmuneOncia Therapeutics (company): ImmuneOncia Therapeutics is a South Korea-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of IMC-001 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immuneoncia-therapeutics.md - Immunitor (company): Immunitor is a Mongolian biotech, founded in 2000, that makes oral tablet vaccines from heat-inactivated cells; its hepatocellular carcinoma vaccine hepcortespenlisimut-L went through phase 3 trials the company led. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunitor.md - ImmunityBio (company): ImmunityBio makes Anktiva, the IL-15 superagonist approved with BCG for bladder cancer in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunitybio.md - ImmunoACT (company): The IIT Bombay spin-off that won India's first CAR-T approval in 2023 with NexCAR19 and has treated more than 600 patients at a tenth of Western prices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunoact.md - Immunocore (company): Inventor of the ImmTAC soluble TCR bispecific; tebentafusp was the first to improve survival in a solid tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunocore.md - Immunome (company): Immunome is a US biotechnology company whose lead drug varegacestat, a gamma-secretase inhibitor acquired with Ayala Pharmaceuticals, completed the phase 3 RINGSIDE trial in progressing desmoid tumours; it also develops antibody-drug conjugates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunome.md - Immutep (company): Immutep is an Australian-French company built on the immune checkpoint LAG-3, whose soluble LAG-3 protein eftilagimod alpha is in the phase 3 TACTI-004 trial with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in first-line non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immutep.md - ImmVira Pharma (company): ImmVira Pharma is a Chinese developer in Shenzhen that sponsors 3 registered cancer trials of Herpes Virus C5252 and T3011. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immvira-pharma.md - IMPACT Therapeutics (company): IMPACT is a Shanghai biotech built around DNA damage response drugs; its PARP inhibitor senaparib met its phase 3 endpoint as maintenance in ovarian cancer and is approved in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/impact-therapeutics.md - Imugene (company): Imugene is an Australian company now focused on an off-the-shelf CAR-T cell therapy made from donor cells for people with blood cancers that have come back after other treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imugene.md - Imunon (company): Imunon, formerly Celsion, is a New Jersey company developing a DNA-based interleukin-12 immunotherapy for ovarian cancer after its heat-activated liposomal doxorubicin, ThermoDox, failed in liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imunon.md - Incyte (company): Incyte makes pemigatinib, the first targeted drug approved for bile duct cancer (2020), and the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/incyte.md - Indapta Therapeutics (company): Indapta Therapeutics, of Houston, makes IDP-023, an off-the-shelf natural killer cell therapy from donor g-NK cells, a subset that lacks the FcR gamma chain, and tests it alongside antibody drugs in myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and in progressive multiple sclerosis. The FDA granted Fast Track status in 2024, and efficacy data are still early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/indapta-therapeutics.md - Indica Labs (company): Indica Labs, of Albuquerque, New Mexico, makes HALO, image analysis software that quantifies stained tissue on digital slides, and HALO Link for enterprise viewing, sold to pharmaceutical and academic pathology laboratories; HALO AP Dx is cleared for clinical use in several regions. Crossing from research tool to regulated diagnosis is its test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/indica-labs.md - Indivumed (company): Indivumed is a German biobank with standardised, rapidly processed tumour samples and a multi-omics database (IndivuType). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/indivumed.md - Infinity Pharmaceuticals (company): Infinity was the Cambridge biotech that discovered duvelisib, the PI3K-delta/gamma inhibitor later approved for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, before licensing it out and turning to eganelisib; it filed for bankruptcy in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/infinity-pharmaceuticals.md - Inhibrx Biosciences (company): Inhibrx Biosciences is a San Diego antibody company testing two cancer drugs: ozekibart, which triggers a self-destruct receptor on tumour cells in bone cancers such as Ewing sarcoma, and an OX40 antibody that boosts immune cells. Sanofi bought its sister lung disease drug in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inhibrx.md - Inivata (company): Inivata was a Cambridge, UK liquid biopsy company whose blood tests find traces of tumour DNA; it was bought by the US laboratory group NeoGenomics in 2021 and its RaDaR test is now sold by NeoGenomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inivata.md - InnoCare Pharma (company): InnoCare developed orelabrutinib, a selective BTK-blocking pill approved in China for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell and marginal zone lymphomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/innocare.md - InnoPharmax (company): InnoPharmax is a Taiwanese pharmaceutical company running phase 3 trials of D07001, its oral formulation of the chemotherapy irinotecan, in biliary tract cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/innopharmax.md - Innovent Biologics (company): Innovent makes sintilimab, China's best-selling PD-1 antibody, and has become a source of next-generation assets for Roche and Takeda. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/innovent.md - Inovio Pharmaceuticals (company): Inovio is a US company developing DNA medicines delivered by electroporation, whose lead cancer-related programme VGX-3100 treats the HPV-caused precancerous cervical lesions that lead to cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inovio.md - Insight Molecular Diagnostics (formerly Oncocyte) (company): Insight Molecular Diagnostics, the renamed Oncocyte, is a small listed company whose cancer tests read gene activity in tumours to predict who will respond to immunotherapy, alongside a larger business in transplant rejection blood tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/insight-molecular-diagnostics.md - Insightec (company): MR-guided focused ultrasound company, with oncology use in blood-brain-barrier opening for brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/insightec.md - Insilico Medicine (company): Generative-AI drug discovery company, listed in Hong Kong in December 2025, with a pan-KRAS candidate and a pan-TEAD inhibitor in the clinic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/insilico-medicine.md - Insys Therapeutics (company): Insys Therapeutics was an Arizona company whose sublingual fentanyl spray for breakthrough cancer pain went through phase 3 trials; its marketing practices later led to criminal convictions and bankruptcy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/insys-therapeutics.md - Intas Pharmaceuticals (Accord Healthcare) (company): A privately held Ahmedabad company whose European arm, Accord Healthcare, is one of the largest suppliers of generic chemotherapy and supportive-care biosimilars to European hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intas.md - Interius BioTherapeutics (company): Penn spin-out that dosed the first patient ever with a durable in vivo CAR gene therapy (INT2104, CD20) in the INVISE trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/interius.md - Intra-IMMUSG (company): Intra-IMMUSG is a Singapore-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intra-immusg.md - IntraOp Medical (company): IntraOp makes the Mobetron, a mobile electron-beam machine that can be wheeled into an operating theatre to give a single, targeted dose of radiation to the tumour bed during cancer surgery, and it is also being used in the first human trials of ultra-fast FLASH radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intraop-medical.md - Intuitive Surgical (company): Intuitive Surgical makes the da Vinci robot, used in most robotic cancer surgeries worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intuitive-surgical.md - InventisBio (company): InventisBio developed garsorasib, one of the two KRAS G12C pills approved in China in 2024, and the third-generation EGFR inhibitor befotertinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inventisbio.md - Invocata (company): Invocata is building personalised T-cell receptor therapies, choosing the right TCR for the individual patient at the right time; its site says only that it is coming soon. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/invocata.md - Invoke Bio (company): Invoke Bio designs personalised neoantigen vaccines in whatever form suits the patient, peptide, DNA or mRNA, using a prediction engine it says picks tumour targets with three times the accuracy of industry baselines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/invoke-bio.md - InxMed (company): InxMed is a Shanghai biotechnology company developing IN10018 (ifebemtinib), a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor, which is in a phase 3 trial with the KRAS G12C inhibitor garsorasib against standard therapy in KRAS G12C-mutant lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inxmed.md - InxMed (Shanghai) (company): InxMed (Shanghai) is a China-based biotechnology company running 8 late-stage cancer trials of IN10018, KN046 and Furmonertinib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inxmed-shanghai.md - IO Biotech (company): IO Biotech makes an off-the-shelf cancer vaccine that trains T cells to attack both tumour cells and the immune-suppressing cells around them. Its large melanoma trial narrowly missed its main goal in 2025 and the company is now reviewing its options. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-biotech.md - iOnctura (company): iOnctura is a Switzerland-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of roginolisib in non-small-cell lung cancer, uveal melanoma and melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ionctura.md - Ionis Pharmaceuticals (company): Ionis is the Carlsbad company that made antisense oligonucleotides into medicines; its cancer programmes, including the clusterin antisense custirsen developed with OncoGenex and the STAT3 antisense danvatirsen, reached late trials without approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ionis.md - Iovance Biotherapeutics (company): Iovance Biotherapeutics, of San Carlos, California, makes Amtagvi (lifileucel), the first approved tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, a treatment grown from a patient's own tumour-resident immune cells and approved in melanoma. Making it fast and cheap enough to reach most eligible patients is its open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iovance.md - Ipsen (company): Ipsen is the French pharma behind Onivyde (liposomal irinotecan) and the NALIRIFOX regimen, and marketer of tovorafenib in Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipsen.md - IQVIA (company): IQVIA is the largest CRO and health-data company, running a large share of global oncology trials and selling prescription and claims data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iqvia.md - Isabl (company): Isabl reads a tumour's whole genome and transcriptome instead of a small gene panel, and its software turns that into a report clinicians can use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isabl.md - Isarna Therapeutics (company): Isarna, formerly Antisense Pharma, is a Munich company whose TGF-beta2 antisense drug trabedersen was tested directly into brain tumours in phase 3 for high-grade glioma before the programme moved to eye disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isarna-therapeutics.md - Isomorphic Labs (company): Alphabet's AlphaFold-derived drug design company; its first AI-designed oncology candidate was cleared for human trials in January 2026 after a $2.1B raise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isomorphic-labs.md - iSono Health (company): iSono Health makes a wearable ultrasound scanner that images the whole breast automatically in about two minutes, with software to flag suspicious masses, for use outside specialist imaging centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isono-health.md - Italfarmaco (company): Italfarmaco is a Italy-based pharmaceutical company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of givinostat and Givinostat in myeloproliferative neoplasms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/italfarmaco.md - ITM Isotope Technologies Munich (company): ITM is the largest non-carrier-added lutetium-177 supplier and the developer of ITM-11 (177Lu-edotreotide). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/itm.md - Jacobio Pharmaceuticals (company): Jacobio Pharmaceuticals is a Chinese developer in Beijing that sponsors 6 registered cancer trials of JAB-30355 and JAB-2485. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jacobio-pharmaceuticals.md - Jaime Leandro Foundation (company): The Jaime Leandro Foundation organises personalised peptide cancer vaccines for patients through the FDA's expanded access route when no trial is available. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jaime-leandro-foundation.md - Janux Therapeutics (company): Janux makes 'masked' T-cell engager antibodies that stay inactive in the bloodstream and switch on only inside tumours, aiming to cut the side effects that limit this drug class. Its lead programmes target PSMA in advanced prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/janux-therapeutics.md - Jasper Health (company): Jasper Health is an app and coaching service that helps people with cancer and their carers keep track of treatment, symptoms and appointments, with counsellors available for emotional support. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jasper-health.md - Jazz Pharmaceuticals (company): Jazz Pharmaceuticals, based in Dublin, sells zanidatamab (Ziihera), a HER2-targeting antibody, outside Asia for biliary tract and gastro-oesophageal cancer, alongside Rylaze, Zepzelca (lurbinectedin) and CPX-351 for acute myeloid leukaemia. Whether zanidatamab can grow from a rare bile duct indication into gastric cancer is its open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jazz.md - Jeito Capital (company): Jeito Capital is a Paris fund that writes large cheques for European biotech companies so they can take drugs through late-stage trials without selling early. Cancer medicines are a recurring theme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jeito-capital.md - Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals (company): Jiangsu Hengrui is China's largest oncology pharma, maker of pyrotinib and the HER2 ADC trastuzumab rezetecan, and one of the biggest out-licensers of Chinese assets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hengrui.md - Johnson & Johnson (company): Johnson & Johnson leads in multiple myeloma (Darzalex, Carvykti, Tecvayli, Talvey) and in bispecific antibodies for lung cancer (Rybrevant). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/johnson-johnson.md - Johnson & Johnson Innovation - JJDC (company): Johnson & Johnson's venture capital arm, one of the oldest corporate venture groups in healthcare. It invests alongside J&J's innovation centres and JLABS incubators, including in cancer companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jjdc.md - Jubilant Radiopharma (company): Jubilant Radiopharma is a radiopharmacy network and the manufacturer of I-131 MIBG (AdreView), Ruby-Fill, and PET tracers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jubilant-radiopharma.md - Juventas Cell Therapy (company): Juventas Cell Therapy in Tianjin developed inaticabtagene autoleucel, the first CAR-T approved in China for leukaemia (2023). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/juventas-cell-therapy.md - JW Pharmaceutical (company): JW Pharmaceutical is a Seoul drug maker founded in 1945, known for intravenous fluids and nutrition, which sponsors phase 3 cancer trials among its hospital products. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jw-pharmaceutical.md - JW Therapeutics (company): JW Therapeutics, a Juno and WuXi AppTec joint venture, made relma-cel, the first CAR-T developed and manufactured in China to be approved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jw-therapeutics.md - K36 Therapeutics (company): K36 Therapeutics makes pills that block an enzyme called NSD2 (also known as MMSET), which is overactive in about one in five multiple myeloma cases because of a chromosome swap. It is also testing the approach in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/k36-therapeutics.md - kaiko.ai (company): Dutch-Swiss company releasing open pathology foundation models (Midnight) and evaluation tooling (eva). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kaiko-ai.md - Kaiku Health (Elekta) (company): Digital patient-monitoring platform for cancer care, acquired by Elekta in 2020. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kaiku-health.md - Kanvas Biosciences (company): Kanvas maps which bacteria live in the gut and turns that knowledge into bacterial medicines that help cancer immunotherapy work better and treat its gut side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kanvas-biosciences.md - Kartos Therapeutics (company): Kartos Therapeutics is a United States-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of KRT-232 and Ruxolitinib in myeloproliferative neoplasms, endometrial cancer and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kartos-therapeutics.md - Karyopharm Therapeutics (company): Karyopharm makes selinexor, the first nuclear export inhibitor, approved in myeloma; its endometrial cancer bet failed in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karyopharm.md - Kelonia Therapeutics (company): Kelonia developed a way to create CAR T cells directly inside the body using a targeted gene delivery particle, so patients do not need their cells removed and manufactured. Its lead programme is for multiple myeloma and Eli Lilly agreed to buy the company in 2026 for up to $7 billion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kelonia-therapeutics.md - Kernal Biologics (company): Kernal Bio designs mRNA medicines that switch on only in the intended cell type, for example programming a patient's T cells against cancer inside the body without taking them out first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kernal-biologics.md - Kernis Health (company): Kernis Health helps cancer patients keep their own living tumour tissue after surgery, instead of letting it be discarded, so it can be used later for functional drug testing, diagnostics and trial access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kernis-health.md - Keymed Biosciences (KYM Biosciences) (company): Chinese biotech whose joint venture KYM Biosciences created the Claudin 18.2 ADC CMG901, licensed to AstraZeneca in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keymed.md - Kheiron Medical Technologies (company): Kheiron built Mia, an artificial intelligence system that reads screening mammograms so that one radiologist plus the software can match the quality of two human readers. RadNet's DeepHealth unit bought the London company in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kheiron-medical-technologies.md - Khosla Ventures (company): Vinod Khosla's Menlo Park venture firm, which backs bold early-stage technology companies including health and biology start-ups. Cancer-related bets include the blood-test company Guardant Health and the AI oncology start-up Radical Health. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/khosla-ventures.md - Kissei Pharmaceutical (company): Kissei is a Japanese pharmaceutical company from Matsumoto, founded in 1946, whose in-licensed haematology and oncology products go through the Japanese phase 3 trials it leads. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kissei.md - Kiyatec (company): Kiyatec grows a patient's tumour cells in 3D culture and tests drugs on them, with a focus on ovarian, breast, glioblastoma and rare tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kiyatec.md - Klineo (company): Klineo is a French search tool that helps patients and physicians find oncology clinical trials across Europe quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/klineo.md - Known Medicine (company): Known Medicine breaks a patient's tumour into thousands of tiny three-dimensional tumours, treats each with a different drug, and uses AI to predict which drugs will work. It has been acquired. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/known-medicine.md - Komodo Health (company): Claims-based 'Healthcare Map' of 330 million US patients used for market and outcomes analytics in oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/komodo-health.md - Kopra Bio (company): Kopra Bio engineers viruses that teach the immune system to kill cancer, starting with glioblastoma, the most aggressive brain cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kopra-bio.md - Krystal Biotech (company): Krystal Biotech is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of KB707 in non-small-cell lung cancer and melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/krystal-biotech.md - Kumquat Biosciences (company): Kumquat Biosciences is a San Diego company founded by KRAS pioneers that makes pills against the KRAS cancer protein and immune-boosting small molecules. Its KRAS G12D drug entered human trials with Bayer in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kumquat-biosciences.md - Kura Oncology (company): Kura Oncology developed ziftomenib, the second menin inhibitor approved for leukaemia (November 2025), in partnership with Kyowa Kirin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kura-oncology.md - KYAN Technologies (company): KYAN Technologies uses a small set of live-cell experiments and its own AI to rank more than 1,500 personalised drug combinations for a patient's cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kyan-technologies.md - Kymera Therapeutics (company): Oral degrader company, mostly immunology, whose CDK2 molecular-glue degrader was optioned by Gilead in 2026 for CCNE1-driven cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kymera.md - Kyowa Kirin (company): Kyowa Kirin is a Japanese biopharmaceutical company whose oncology products include mogamulizumab (Poteligeo) for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and toremifene (Fareston) for metastatic breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kyowa-kirin.md - Labcorp (company): Labcorp is one of the two US national reference labs, running oncology IHC, FISH, and NGS at scale and central labs for trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/labcorp.md - Laminar Pharmaceuticals (company): Laminar Pharmaceuticals is a Spain-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of LAM561 in glioma & glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laminar-pharmaceuticals.md - LaNova Medicines (company): LaNova Medicines is a China-based biotechnology company running 10 late-stage cancer trials of LM-168, LM-108 and LM-299 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lanova-medicines.md - Lantheus (company): Lantheus makes Pylarify, the leading PSMA PET agent, with a new TruVu formulation approved in March 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lantheus.md - Latent Labs (company): Founded by an AlphaFold co-developer to make protein design programmable; released Latent-X in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/latent-labs.md - Leadiant Biosciences (company): Leadiant Biosciences (formerly Sigma-Tau) is an Italian rare-disease company that holds the US application for procarbazine (Matulane). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leadiant.md - LEAH Labs (company): LEAH Labs makes CAR-T cell therapy for dogs with lymphoma, using virus-free gene editing to bring the cost of a dose down to hundreds of dollars. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leah-labs.md - Leaps by Bayer (company): Bayer's impact investing unit, which funds companies tackling ten 'leaps' in health and agriculture, including curing cancer. Its website blocked automated access at the time of research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leaps-by-bayer.md - Lee's Pharmaceutical (company): Lee's Pharmaceutical is a Hong Kong-listed company that licenses and develops medicines for Greater China, including cancer drugs it takes through phase 3 trials as lead sponsor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lees-pharmaceutical.md - Legend Biotech (company): Legend Biotech is the Chinese-origin developer of Carvykti, the most effective myeloma CAR-T, with J&J. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/legend-biotech.md - Leica Biosystems (Danaher) (company): Leica Biosystems, part of Danaher and based in Nussloch, Germany, makes the Aperio slide scanners (the GT 450 DX is FDA-cleared), the BOND immunohistochemistry stainers and companion diagnostic assays that pathology laboratories use to stain and digitise tissue. Whether routine pathology fully leaves the glass slide depends on suppliers like it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leica-biosystems.md - Leo Cancer Care (company): Leo Cancer Care builds radiotherapy equipment that treats patients sitting upright instead of lying down, so the beam can stay fixed and the room, machine and building can be far smaller and cheaper. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leo-cancer-care.md - LEO Pharma (company): LEO Pharma is a foundation-owned Danish dermatology company whose cancer-related trials concern actinic keratosis, the precancerous skin lesion that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leo-pharma.md - Lepu Biopharma (company): Lepu Biopharma is a China-based biotechnology company running 8 late-stage cancer trials of MRG003, Pucotenlimab and MRG006A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lepu-biopharma.md - Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Therapy Acceleration Program (company): The venture philanthropy arm of the blood cancer charity now called Blood Cancer United (formerly the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). It invests charity money directly in companies developing blood cancer treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lls-therapy-acceleration-program.md - LigaChem Biosciences (company): LigaChem Biosciences is a South Korea-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of LCB02A and LCB84. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ligachem-biosciences.md - Lightspeed Venture Partners (company): Lightspeed is a large Silicon Valley venture firm best known for software, whose health practice backs cancer diagnostics, AI drug discovery and digital oncology companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lightspeed-venture-partners.md - Lila Sciences (company): Lila Sciences is Flagship Pioneering's 'scientific superintelligence' company, combining AI with autonomous labs, with life science as a first domain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lila-sciences.md - Lilly Ventures (company): Eli Lilly's investment arm, part of its Lilly Catalyze360 programme for early biotech companies. It co-invests with venture syndicates across all disease areas, including cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lilly-ventures.md - Limbus AI (company): Limbus AI provides AI auto-contouring for radiotherapy, FDA-cleared and used across hundreds of centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/limbus-ai.md - Lisata Therapeutics (company): Lisata is a New Jersey biotech developing certepetide, a peptide that opens up the dense stroma of pancreatic tumours so chemotherapy can reach the cancer cells; it is tested with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lisata.md - Liyfe (company): Liyfe built a digital nurse that checks in with cancer patients between visits, scores their symptoms and flags who needs a call, to cut emergency visits. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/liyfe.md - Logos Capital (company): Logos Capital is a San Francisco healthcare investment firm that backs biotech companies from private rounds through their public life, and turns up repeatedly in cancer drug financings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/logos-capital.md - Longwood Fund (company): Longwood Fund is a Boston venture firm that founds and funds early biotech companies, several of them in cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/longwood-fund.md - Lonza (company): Lonza is the largest contract manufacturer for biologics, ADCs, and cell therapies, and owns the Synaffix ADC linker technology and the Cocoon cell-manufacturing platform. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lonza.md - Lucence (company): Lucence offers blood tests that read both tumour DNA and tumour RNA from a single sample to help doctors choose targeted treatments, and is developing a multi-cancer screening test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lucence.md - Lumicell (company): MIT spin-out whose Lumisight dye and imaging system show leftover breast cancer in the lumpectomy cavity before the operation ends. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lumicell.md - Luminate Medical (company): Luminate makes a wearable device that presses gently on the scalp during chemotherapy to stop the drug reaching the hair follicles, so patients keep their hair. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luminate-medical.md - Lunit (company): Korean AI company spanning mammography reading (INSIGHT MMG), breast-density risk (Volpara), and AI pathology for immunotherapy biomarkers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lunit.md - Lupin (company): A Mumbai generics and biosimilars company, founded in 1968, for which oncology is a growing segment of its Indian formulations business. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lupin.md - Lux Capital (company): A New York venture firm that backs deep technology companies, from defence and AI to biology. Its biotech holdings include the AI drug discovery company Recursion and the imaging-based drug hunter Eikon Therapeutics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lux-capital.md - Luye Pharma Group (company): Luye Pharma is a Chinese pharmaceutical group, listed in Hong Kong, whose oncology business rests on paclitaxel liposome (Lipusu) and other reformulated cancer medicines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luye-pharma.md - Lyell Immunopharma (company): Lyell makes next-generation CAR T-cell therapies designed to last longer in the body and resist exhaustion. Its lead product, ronde-cel, targets two proteins on lymphoma cells at once and is in pivotal trials for large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lyell-immunopharma.md - MaaT Pharma (company): MaaT Pharma makes gut microbiome treatments for people with blood cancer. Its lead product restores gut bacteria to treat a severe complication of stem cell transplants when standard drugs fail. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maat-pharma.md - Mabion (company): Mabion is a Polish biotech near Łódź that developed a rituximab biosimilar, MabionCD20, through phase 3 trials in lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis, and now also manufactures biologics for partners. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mabion.md - Mablink Bioscience (company): Mablink Bioscience, from Lyon, invented PSARlink, a water-soluble polysarcosine linker that hides the greasy cell-killing payload so an antibody can carry a higher load of drug molecules and still stay stable in the blood. Eli Lilly bought the company in 2023, before any of its medicines had reached patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mablink-bioscience.md - Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience (company): Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience is a China-based biotechnology company running 11 late-stage cancer trials of Toripalimab (JS001 ) and JS207 in bladder & urothelial cancer, cervical cancer and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mabwell-shanghai-bioscience.md - mAbxience Research S.L. (company): mAbxience Research S.L. is a Spain-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mabxience-research-s-l.md - MacroGenics (company): MacroGenics is the antibody engineering company behind margetuximab and several bispecific and ADC programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/macrogenics.md - Maia Biotechnology (company): Maia Biotechnology is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maia-biotechnology.md - Marengo Therapeutics (company): Marengo Therapeutics, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, makes antibodies that bind part of the T-cell receptor to activate selected subsets of a patient's T cells. Its lead, invikafusp alfa, is in trials in tumours with a high mutational burden that have stopped responding to checkpoint drugs, and with an antibody-drug conjugate in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marengo-therapeutics.md - Mariana Oncology (company): Mariana Oncology designs small protein fragments that carry a radioactive isotope to tumours, starting with small cell lung cancer. Novartis bought the company in 2024 for 1 billion dollars up front. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mariana-oncology.md - Marker Therapeutics (company): Marker grows a patient's own T cells that naturally recognise several tumour proteins at once, without genetic engineering, and gives them back as a treatment. Its lead product has shown responses in relapsed lymphoma and is moving into pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marker-therapeutics.md - Massive Bio (company): Massive Bio uses artificial intelligence to read a cancer patient's medical records and match them to clinical trials they may be eligible for, anywhere in the world, with doctors checking the results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/massive-bio.md - Mast Therapeutics (company): Mast, earlier called ADVENTRX, was a San Diego biotech whose fluorouracil modulator CoFactor reached phase 3 in colorectal cancer and failed; it later pursued sickle cell disease and merged into Savara in 2017. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mast-therapeutics.md - MBrace Therapeutics (company): MBrace Therapeutics is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in prostate cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mbrace-therapeutics.md - McKesson / The US Oncology Network (company): McKesson runs the largest US community oncology network (about 3,000 providers) and distributes drugs, and co-owns the Sarah Cannon Research Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mckesson-us-oncology.md - McKesson Ventures (company): McKesson Ventures is the venture arm of the drug distributor McKesson, which also owns the largest US community oncology network, so it backs companies that change how cancer care is delivered and paid for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mckesson-ventures.md - MDxHealth (company): Prostate diagnostics company that bought Oncotype DX GPS from Exact Sciences and sells the Select mdx and Confirm mdx tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mdxhealth.md - Medable (company): Medable is a decentralised clinical trial platform (eConsent, eCOA, telehealth). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medable.md - medac (company): medac is a German family-owned pharmaceutical company whose alkylating agent treosulfan, long used in Europe, was approved by the FDA in 2025 as conditioning treatment before stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medac.md - Medicxi (company): A London and Geneva venture firm that funds single-asset drug companies run by experienced drug hunters. Its cancer companies have included ProfoundBio (bought by Genmab), Kurome Therapeutics and Gadeta. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medicxi.md - Medidata (Dassault Systèmes) (company): Medidata, owned by Dassault Systèmes, makes Rave, the most used electronic data capture system in clinical trials, plus randomisation and outcome-assessment tools and synthetic control arms built from past trial data. Whether regulators accept synthetic controls for oncology approvals is the open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medidata.md - Medigene (company): Medigene is a Munich-area biotech that develops T-cell receptor therapies and once sold a dendritic-cell vaccine programme; its earlier oncology products included the drug Veregen and phase 3 trials that carry its name. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medigene.md - MediLink Therapeutics (company): MediLink developed the TMALIN ADC linker platform, licensed to Zai Lab, BioNTech, and Roche. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medilink.md - Mednet (theMednet) (company): theMednet is an online question-and-answer network where oncologists ask hard clinical questions and get answers from named experts, with AI now helping to search the archive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mednet.md - Medpace (company): Medpace, of Cincinnati, is a mid-sized full-service contract research organisation whose physician-led model keeps medical oversight, the imaging core laboratory and central laboratories in-house, a package that biotechnology companies buy for oncology programmes. Whether in-house imaging and laboratories give cleaner oncology endpoints than outsourcing is unproven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medpace.md - MEI Pharma (company): MEI Pharma is a San Diego company whose PI3K-delta inhibitor zandelisib for follicular lymphoma was dropped in 2022 after the FDA signalled it would need a randomised trial, following the class-wide safety review of PI3K inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mei-pharma.md - Menarini / Stemline (company): Menarini is the private Italian pharma that commercialises the first oral SERD, elacestrant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/menarini.md - Mendus (company): Mendus makes an off-the-shelf cell-based cancer vaccine, given as a skin injection after standard treatment, to stop leukaemia and ovarian cancer from coming back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mendus.md - Merck & Co. (MSD) (company): Merck & Co. (MSD) makes Keytruda, the world's best-selling cancer drug, and is now building the next act around TROP2 ADCs and personalised vaccines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/merck.md - Merck KGaA (EMD Serono) (company): Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, which trades as EMD Serono in North America, sells the anti-PD-L1 antibody avelumab, cetuximab outside the United States and the MET inhibitor tepotinib, and bought SpringWorks Therapeutics in 2025 to add nirogacestat and mirdametinib for rare tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/merck-kgaa.md - Merrimack Pharmaceuticals (company): Merrimack was the Cambridge biotech behind liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde), approved for pancreatic cancer in 2015 and later sold to Ipsen; its antibody programmes failed and the company wound down. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/merrimack-pharmaceuticals.md - Mersana Therapeutics (company): ADC platform company betting on B7-H4: emiltatug ledadotin (Emi-Le) has Breakthrough designation in adenoid cystic carcinoma and activity in TNBC after TOP1 ADCs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mersana.md - Merus (company): Dutch bispecific antibody company behind zenocutuzumab and petosemtamab; acquired by Genmab in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/merus.md - Mesoblast (company): Mesoblast is an Australian cell therapy company whose remestemcel-L became in December 2024 the first mesenchymal stromal cell therapy approved by the FDA, for children with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mesoblast.md - Mevion Medical Systems (company): Mevion Medical Systems, of Littleton, Massachusetts, makes the MEVION S250-FIT, a compact single-room proton therapy system meant to bring protons within reach of community cancer centres. Whether smaller, cheaper proton machines widen access without diluting the evidence base is the open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mevion.md - MGI Tech (company): Chinese sequencing-instrument maker (DNBSEQ), Illumina's main rival by volume, restricted in the US by the BIOSECURE Act. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mgi-tech.md - Microbiotica (company): Microbiotica makes precisely defined mixtures of gut bacteria as medicines. Its lead product is given alongside immunotherapy to help more melanoma patients respond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/microbiotica.md - Microsoft (Health & Life Sciences) (company): Cloud and AI provider behind pathology foundation models (Prov-GigaPath with Providence, Virchow hosting with Paige) and Nuance clinical AI. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/microsoft.md - Microsoft (Research and Health AI) (company): Microsoft co-developed Prov-GigaPath and BiomedCLIP and is the compute partner for Paige's Virchow2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/microsoft-research.md - Miltenyi Biomedicine (company): Miltenyi Biomedicine is a Germany-based cell therapy company running 5 late-stage cancer trials of zamtocabtagene autoleucel (MB-CART2019.1) and MB-CART2019.1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, acute myeloid leukaemia and primary CNS lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/miltenyi-biomedicine.md - Miltenyi Biotec (company): Miltenyi Biotec, a private German company, makes the CliniMACS Prodigy, a closed automated device that manufactures CAR-T cells at the point of care, plus the magnetic cell separation and lentiviral vectors behind it, and its own CD20/CD19 bispecific CAR-T is in late-stage lymphoma trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/miltenyi-biotec.md - MIM Software (GE HealthCare) (company): Contouring, image fusion, and dosimetry software (MIM Maestro, SurePlan) for radiotherapy and radioligand therapy, acquired by GE HealthCare in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mim-software.md - Minuteman Therapeutics (company): Minuteman Therapeutics develops oncolytic viruses engineered against an individual patient's tumour, matching the virus to the biology of that person's cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/minuteman-therapeutics.md - Mission Bio (company): Mission Bio sells an instrument that reads DNA mutations and proteins from thousands of individual cancer cells at once, helping researchers see how leukaemia and myeloma evolve and resist treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mission-bio.md - Moderna (company): Moderna is the mRNA company whose personalised cancer vaccine intismeran won the first phase 3 in the class (August 2026). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/moderna.md - Modulari-T (company): Modulari-T designs synthetic genes that let engineered immune cells sense their surroundings and change behaviour, so cell therapies can find and kill cancer more reliably. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/modulari-t.md - Molecular Partners (company): Molecular Partners is a Switzerland-based radiopharmaceutical company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of [212Pb]Pb-MP0712 and MP0533 with Obinutuzumab pretreatment in neuroendocrine tumours, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-partners.md - Moleculin Biotech (company): Moleculin is a Houston biotech whose annamycin, an anthracycline designed to spare the heart, is in a phase 3 trial with cytarabine for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/moleculin.md - Monopar Therapeutics (company): Monopar is a Chicago-area biotech that took the mucositis drug validive into a phase 3 trial in head and neck cancer, which failed in 2023, and now develops radiopharmaceuticals against the uPAR protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monopar.md - Monte Rosa Therapeutics (company): Molecular-glue degrader company with a GSPT1 degrader in phase 2 for AR-mutant prostate cancer and a CCNE1-directed glue in preclinical development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monte-rosa.md - Monteris Medical (company): Monteris makes NeuroBlate, a system that lets a neurosurgeon destroy a brain tumour from the inside with a laser fibre inserted through a small hole in the skull while watching the heat spread on a live MRI scan, avoiding open brain surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monteris-medical.md - MORE Health (company): MORE Health is a cross-border telemedicine company delivering expert second opinions from leading specialists for serious illness including cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/more-health.md - MorphoSys (Novartis) (company): German antibody company that acquired Constellation's BET inhibitor pelabresib and was itself bought by Novartis in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/morphosys.md - MPM BioImpact (company): A Boston biotech investor, formerly MPM Capital, that builds and funds companies and runs an Oncology Impact Fund that donates part of its profits to cancer research. It built Aktis Oncology and backs Cullinan Oncology and Tizona. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mpm-bioimpact.md - MSD Global Health Innovation Fund (Merck GHI) (company): Merck & Co's corporate venture fund for digital health and healthcare services companies, known as MSD GHI outside North America. Its website is a JavaScript application whose content could not be read. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/msd-global-health-innovation-fund.md - Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation and Myeloma Investment Fund (company): A patient-founded charity for the blood cancer multiple myeloma that also runs a venture philanthropy fund investing in companies developing myeloma treatments. Fund investments include Reverb Therapeutics, Abcuro, Coding Bio and CytoImmune. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mmrf-myeloma-investment-fund.md - Multitude Therapeutics (company): Multitude Therapeutics is a China-based biotechnology company running 4 late-stage cancer trials of AMT-116, AMT-676 and AMT-253 in colorectal cancer, melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/multitude-therapeutics.md - Mundipharma (company): Mundipharma is the privately held network of companies associated with the Sackler family outside the United States, known for opioid pain medicines used in cancer care and, in Europe, for oncology products such as the antifungal and haematology lines it licenses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mundipharma.md - MVision AI (company): MVision AI is a Finnish auto-contouring company with guideline-based organ and target segmentation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mvision-ai.md - Myriad Genetics (company): The company that made BRCA testing a business, now selling hereditary panels and the myChoice, EndoPredict and Prolaris tumour tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myriad-genetics.md - Myricx Bio (company): Myricx Bio invented a new kind of cancer-killing payload, which blocks an enzyme tumour cells need to survive, and attaches it to antibodies that carry it into tumours. Novartis bought the London company in 2026 for 1.1 billion dollars up front. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myricx-bio.md - Mythic Therapeutics (company): Mythic Therapeutics designed antibody-drug conjugates, antibodies that carry a cell-killing drug into tumours, with an engineering trick to get more drug inside cancer cells. Its lead lung cancer medicine reached mid-stage trials before the company wound down in late 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mythic-therapeutics.md - myTomorrows (company): myTomorrows helps patients and physicians find clinical trials and, when none fits, coordinates expanded access to drugs still in development, with patient navigators active in nearly fifty countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mytomorrows.md - Nanjing Immunophage Biotech (company): Nanjing Immunophage Biotech is a Chinese developer in Nanjing that sponsors 2 registered cancer trials of IPG1094 and IPG7236. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nanjing-immunophage-biotech.md - Nanjing Leads Biolabs (company): Nanjing Leads Biolabs is a China-based biotechnology company running 8 late-stage cancer trials of LBL-024 and LBL-034 in triple-negative breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nanjing-leads-biolabs.md - Natco Pharma (company): The oncology generics company at the centre of India's two landmark patent fights: the first compulsory licence, for sorafenib in 2012, and the Supreme Court's 2013 refusal of Novartis's imatinib patent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/natco.md - Natera (company): Natera makes Signatera, the dominant tumour-informed MRD test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/natera.md - Naveris (company): Naveris makes NavDx, a blood test that tracks DNA from the HPV virus shed by tumours, so doctors can confirm HPV-related throat and anal cancers and catch them coming back after treatment. It was bought by CareDx in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/naveris.md - Navexio (company): Cancer navigation consultancy that helps patients find, understand, and enrol in biomarker-matched clinical trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/navexio.md - Navidea Biopharmaceuticals (company): Navidea developed technetium-99m tilmanocept (Lymphoseek), the radiotracer approved in 2013 for mapping sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer, melanoma and head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/navidea.md - Navignostics (company): Navignostics maps dozens of proteins at single-cell resolution across one tumour section, showing which cells sit next to which immune cells, to guide personalised treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/navignostics.md - NBE-Therapeutics (company): NBE-Therapeutics, founded in Basel in 2012 and owned by Boehringer Ingelheim since 2020, builds antibody-drug conjugates that pair its own conjugation chemistry with a PNU-derived anthracycline payload, designed to kill tumour cells directly and to trigger a lasting immune response against the tumour. Its candidates are still moving towards the clinic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nbe-therapeutics.md - NearWave (company): NearWave makes a handheld near-infrared scanner that shows within days whether a breast cancer is responding to chemotherapy before surgery, so patients are not left on a treatment that is failing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nearwave.md - Nektar Therapeutics (company): Nektar is a San Francisco biotechnology company whose polymer conjugation chemistry underlies several approved drugs and whose engineered interleukin-2, bempegaldesleukin, failed in phase 3 with nivolumab in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nektar-therapeutics.md - Neogene Therapeutics (company): Neogene developed T-cell receptor therapies that can recognise cancer-specific mutations hidden inside tumour cells, an approach aimed at solid tumours. AstraZeneca bought the company in January 2023 for up to $320 million. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neogene-therapeutics.md - NeoGenomics (company): Cancer-focused reference lab for IHC, FISH, flow cytometry, and NGS, serving community oncology and pharma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neogenomics.md - Neomorph (company): Neomorph makes small molecules called molecular glues that stick a disease protein to the cell's disposal machinery so it is destroyed. Its first drug is in an early trial for clear cell kidney cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neomorph.md - Neonc Technologies (company): Neonc Technologies is a United States-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of NEO212 Oral and NEO100 in glioma & glioblastoma, cervical cancer and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neonc-technologies.md - Neovii (company): Neovii is a Swiss company whose anti-T-lymphocyte globulin, Grafalon, is given before stem cell transplants to lower the risk of graft versus host disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neovii.md - Nested Therapeutics (company): Nested Therapeutics hunts for hidden cancer-driving mutations and designs drugs to fit them. Its first drug, NST-628, sticks two signalling proteins (RAF and MEK) together to switch off a common cancer growth pathway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nested-therapeutics.md - Neutron Therapeutics (company): Neutron Therapeutics makes a compact particle accelerator that produces the neutron beam needed for boron neutron capture therapy, a form of radiotherapy that targets cancer cells one at a time, so hospitals no longer need a nuclear reactor to offer it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neutron-therapeutics.md - Nimbus Therapeutics (company): Nimbus Therapeutics is a Boston company that uses computer-aided chemistry to design pills against hard drug targets. Its cancer drug blocks an enzyme called WRN that some bowel and womb cancers with faulty DNA repair depend on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nimbus-therapeutics.md - Nippon Kayaku (company): Nippon Kayaku is a Japanese chemicals and pharmaceuticals group whose medicines business specialises in cancer: generic chemotherapy, supportive care products and biosimilars of antibodies such as trastuzumab for the Japanese market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nippon-kayaku.md - Nkarta (company): CAR-NK company that shelved its oncology programmes after falling response rates and pivoted to autoimmune disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nkarta.md - Nobelpharma (company): Nobelpharma is a Tokyo company founded in 2003 to develop medicines for rare diseases and unmet needs in Japan, including cancer treatments it takes through phase 3 trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nobelpharma.md - Noetik (company): Noetik builds artificial intelligence models of tumours from huge sets of tissue images and molecular data, to predict which patients will respond to a cancer drug and to find new targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/noetik.md - Nonagen Bioscience (company): Nonagen Bioscience makes Oncuria, a urine test that measures a panel of proteins to detect bladder cancer, watch for it returning, and predict whether BCG immunotherapy will work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nonagen-bioscience.md - Norgine (company): Norgine is a European specialty pharmaceutical company, founded in 1906 and based in Amsterdam, best known in cancer care for bowel preparations used before colonoscopy and for in-licensed cancer medicines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/norgine.md - NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes (company): NorthStar is a non-reactor producer of Mo-99 in the US and an emerging supplier of non-carrier-added Lu-177 and Ac-225 made with electron accelerators. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/northstar-medical-radioisotopes.md - Northwest Biotherapeutics (company): Northwest Biotherapeutics developed the DCVax-L dendritic cell vaccine for glioblastoma and is seeking UK approval on contested phase 3 data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/northwest-biotherapeutics.md - Notable Labs (company): Notable Labs ran an automated laboratory in Foster City that exposed a patient's own leukaemia or lymphoma cells to combinations of approved drugs and measured which killed them, to predict which treatment would work. It listed on Nasdaq in 2023, but its website was offline in September 2026, so it is recorded as wound down. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/notable-labs.md - Nouscom (company): Nouscom is developing Nous-209, an off-the-shelf viral-vector vaccine encoding 209 shared frameshift neoantigens to intercept cancer in Lynch syndrome carriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nouscom.md - Novartis (company): The company that made radioligand therapy a business, with Pluvicto and Lutathera, and the maker of Kisqali and Gleevec. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/novartis.md - Novartis Venture Fund (company): The Novartis Venture Fund is Novartis's corporate venture arm, run from Basel and Cambridge, Massachusetts, making seed and Series A investments of 5 to 10 million dollars in biotech companies, including the cancer drug developers Artios Pharma, CatalYm and Epsilogen. It manages over 750 million dollars across more than 40 companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/novartis-venture-fund.md - Novo Holdings (company): The investment company of the Novo Nordisk Foundation, based near Copenhagen. It is one of the largest life science investors in the world and its venture portfolio includes cancer companies such as Myricx Bio, which Novartis agreed to buy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/novo-holdings.md - Novocure (company): Novocure makes Optune tumour treating fields, approved in glioblastoma, lung, mesothelioma, and (2026) pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/novocure.md - Nucleai (company): Nucleai uses artificial intelligence to map where different cells sit within tumour tissue samples, helping drug companies understand who responds to a treatment and why. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nucleai.md - Nucleix (company): Nucleix makes urine and blood tests that read chemical marks on DNA to spot bladder cancer coming back and, in development, to find lung cancer early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nucleix.md - Nucleo (company): Nucleo builds AI agents that help oncologists and radiologists pull measurements and insights out of CT scans to characterise tumours and guide treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nucleo-research.md - Nucleus RadioPharma (company): Nucleus RadioPharma does not make its own cancer drugs; it manufactures and ships radioactive cancer medicines for other companies, which is hard because the drugs decay within days. It is expanding its plants in Minnesota and Pennsylvania. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nucleus-radiopharma.md - Numen (company): Numen is working on earlier cancer detection, with the stated goal of a future without cancer deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/numen.md - Nurix Therapeutics (company): Nurix Therapeutics is developing bexobrutideg, a brain-penetrant BTK degrader in pivotal trials for CLL, co-developed with Roche from June 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nurix.md - Nuvalent (company): Designer of cleaner kinase inhibitors; zidesamtinib (ROS1) approved July 2026, neladalkib (ALK) next. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nuvalent.md - Nuvation Bio (company): Nuvation Bio is a United States-based biotechnology company running 6 late-stage cancer trials of Taletrectinib, AB-106 and NUV-1511 in non-small-cell lung cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nuvation-bio.md - NVIDIA (company): Supplies the GPUs and the BioNeMo framework most biological foundation models are trained on, and co-developed Evo 2 with Arc. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nvidia.md - Nykode Therapeutics (company): Nykode makes cancer vaccines that teach the immune system to attack tumours. One is built from each patient's own tumour mutations; another targets cancers caused by the HPV16 virus, such as cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nykode-therapeutics.md - Oakwood Laboratories (company): Oakwood Laboratories is an Ohio specialist in long-acting injectable microspheres whose leuprolide depot formulations for prostate cancer went through the phase 3 trials it led. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oakwood-laboratories.md - Obsidian Therapeutics (company): Obsidian grows a patient's own tumour-fighting immune cells and engineers them with a switch that lets doctors control a growth signal (IL-15) with an oral drug, aiming to make TIL therapy safer and more effective for melanoma and lung cancer. It listed on Nasdaq in August 2026 after raising $350 million. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obsidian-therapeutics.md - Olema Pharmaceuticals (company): Olema Pharmaceuticals is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olema-pharmaceuticals.md - Omanta (company): Omanta runs a personal research programme for one patient at a time, for people with cancer who have exhausted standard options, coordinating tissue, testing, multi-omic analysis and a treatment strategy with their doctors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/omanta.md - Omega Funds (company): A Boston and Geneva venture firm that invests in medicines across oncology, immunology and rare disease. Its impact page lists cancer products it helped bring to patients, including the lung cancer drug Ibtrozi and the colorectal screening test Epi proColon. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/omega-funds.md - Omnicell (company): Omnicell is a pharmacy automation company whose IV compounding systems prepare chemotherapy safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/omnicell.md - On Target Laboratories (company): Purdue spin-out that developed Cytalux, the glowing dye that shows ovarian and lung cancer deposits during surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/on-target-laboratories.md - Onc.AI (company): Onc.AI trains artificial intelligence on routine CT scans to predict early whether a lung cancer patient's immunotherapy is working, so doctors and drug developers can change course sooner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/onc-ai.md - Oncobox (company): Oncobox profiles a tumour's genes and the activity of its signalling pathways, then ranks approved targeted drugs by how likely they are to work for that patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncobox.md - OncoC4 (company): OncoC4 is a United States-based biotechnology company running 5 late-stage cancer trials of ONC-392, AI-081 and ONC-392 low in non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncoc4.md - OncoDNA (company): OncoDNA is a Belgian precision oncology company offering tumour genomic and theranostic profiling to physicians, with a mission to help providers, biopharma and patients act on molecular data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncodna.md - OncoHealth (company): OncoHealth works for health insurers to check that proposed cancer treatments follow the evidence, and runs Iris, a service giving patients round the clock access to cancer nurses, therapists and dietitians by phone or app. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncohealth.md - OncoHost (company): OncoHost sells a blood test that measures hundreds of proteins before treatment starts to predict whether a lung cancer patient will benefit from immunotherapy drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncohost.md - Oncolytics Biotech (company): Oncolytics Biotech is a United States-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of Trifluridine Tipiracil in colorectal cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and anal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncolytics-biotech.md - Oncopeptides (company): Oncopeptides is a Swedish company whose peptide-drug conjugate melflufen (Pepaxto) for relapsed multiple myeloma won accelerated US approval in 2021, was withdrawn there after a survival signal, and remains approved in Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncopeptides.md - OncoVerity (company): OncoVerity is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of Cusatuzumab in acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncoverity.md - OneOncology (company): Physician-led community oncology network backed by TPG and Cencora (AmerisourceBergen), competing with US Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oneoncology.md - ONK Therapeutics (company): ONK Therapeutics, based in Galway, Ireland, is developing off-the-shelf natural killer cell therapies that are gene-edited and given two ways to kill cancer cells at once. It is a private, preclinical-stage company spun out of University of Galway research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/onk-therapeutics.md - OpenCancerAI (company): OpenCancerAI builds open cancer infrastructure and AI tools for patients and caregivers to reduce the information gap between them and their care teams. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/opencancerai.md - Optellum (company): Oxford company with the first FDA-cleared AI for judging whether a lung nodule on CT is likely to be cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/optellum.md - Oracle Health (Cerner) & Oracle Life Sciences (company): Oracle owns the Cerner EHR (PowerChart Oncology) and the Oracle Clinical One trial platform. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oracle-health-sciences.md - Orano Med (company): Orano Med is the leading lead-212 producer and the developer of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE (AlphaMedix). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orano-med.md - OrbiMed (company): OrbiMed is a New York healthcare investment firm managing about 20 billion dollars across venture, private equity, public equity and royalty strategies, with teams in North America, Europe and Asia. Its cancer portfolio includes Adcendo (antibody-drug conjugates), Adela (blood-based cancer detection), Adicet Bio (immune-cell therapies) and Alterome (alteration-specific drugs). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orbimed.md - Orca Bio (company): Orca Bio makes precision-engineered versions of donor stem cell transplants for blood cancers, sorting the donor cells so that patients get the cells that fight cancer and rebuild the immune system with fewer of the cells that cause graft versus host disease. Its first product, TREGZI, was approved in the US in June 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orca-bio.md - Orca Biosystems (company): Orca Biosystems is a United States-based cell therapy company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms and acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orca-biosystems.md - Organon & Co. (company): Organon is the women's health and established-medicines company spun off from Merck & Co. in 2021, based in Jersey City; it carries the name of the Dutch firm founded in 1923 and appears as sponsor of older cancer trials run under that name. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/organon.md - ORIC Pharmaceuticals (company): ORIC Pharmaceuticals develops pills designed to beat the ways cancers resist treatment. One blocks a gene-silencing complex in prostate cancer; the other targets mutated EGFR and HER2 in lung cancer and can reach the brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oric-pharmaceuticals.md - Origin Bio (company): Origin is building the largest dataset of how individual cancer cells from real patients respond to drugs and genetic medicines, to license to pharma and AI companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/origin-bio.md - Orion, Orion Pharma (company): Orion, Orion Pharma is a Finland-based pharmaceutical company running 4 late-stage cancer trials of ODM-212, ODM-216 and sotorasib in mesothelioma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orion-orion-pharma.md - Orna Therapeutics (Eli Lilly) (company): Circular-RNA in vivo CAR company bought by Eli Lilly for about $2.4B in February 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orna-therapeutics.md - Orum Therapeutics (company): Orum Therapeutics attaches protein-destroying drugs to antibodies so they are delivered only into cancer cells. Its lead medicine for acute myeloid leukaemia is entering human trials, and the company is listed on the Korean stock market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orum-therapeutics.md - Osara Health (company): Osara Health pairs people with cancer with a personal health coach by phone, text and app to help with fatigue, sleep, exercise and returning to work. Insurers and employers pay for it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/osara-health.md - OSE Immunotherapeutics (company): OSE Immunotherapeutics develops immune treatments for cancer and inflammatory disease. Its lead cancer product is an off-the-shelf vaccine for lung cancer patients whose immunotherapy has stopped working, now in a late-stage trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ose-immunotherapeutics.md - Otsuka Pharmaceutical (company): Otsuka is a Japanese pharmaceutical group whose oncology portfolio centres on haematology: intravenous busulfan (Busulfex) and decitabine (Dacogen). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/otsuka.md - Outcomes4Me (company): Outcomes4Me is a free app that turns official cancer treatment guidelines into plain language options for each patient, and also tracks symptoms, explains genetic tests and finds clinical trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/outcomes4me.md - Outperform Cancer (company): Outperform Cancer is a patient-built website and podcast that gathers peer-reviewed research on cancer vaccines, exercise, diet and other adjunctive strategies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/outperform-cancer.md - Owkin (company): French AI biotech using federated learning across hospitals; first CE-marked AI for MSI prediction from H&E. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/owkin.md - Owlstone Medical (company): Owlstone Medical, of Cambridge, UK, develops breath tests: a person breathes into its ReCIVA collector and the volatile chemicals are analysed to look for early lung cancer and liver disease. A 49 million dollar ARPA-H award funds a home breath and urine test for more than 30 solid tumours at stage I, still in development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/owlstone-medical.md - OXB (Oxford Biomedica) (company): Pure-play viral vector CDMO that made lentiviral vector for Kymriah and manufactured the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oxford-biomedica.md - Oxford Nanopore Technologies (company): Portable and high-throughput nanopore sequencing, used for rapid intraoperative brain-tumour classification and structural variant detection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oxford-nanopore.md - P-Cure (company): P-Cure makes a compact proton therapy system in which the patient sits upright in a rotating chair in front of a fixed beam, so the treatment fits inside an ordinary radiotherapy room instead of a purpose-built multi-storey building. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/p-cure.md - PacBio (company): Long-read HiFi sequencing (Revio, Vega) for structural variants, phasing, and methylation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pacbio.md - Pacific Edge (company): New Zealand company behind the Cxbladder urine tests for bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pacific-edge.md - Paige AI (company): MSK spin-out with the first FDA-cleared AI pathology product and the Virchow foundation model. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paige.md - Palitra Bio (company): Palitra Bio tests candidate treatments directly against a patient's own tumour cells, with a PhD data team and an MD tumour board turning the results into a personalised treatment plan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palitra-bio.md - Parexel (company): Parexel, of Durham, North Carolina, is a global contract research organisation owned by EQT and Goldman Sachs that runs early and late-phase oncology trials and sells regulatory consulting staffed by former FDA officials. Whether regulators moving into consulting sharpens trial design or blurs the line between regulator and industry is the question its model raises. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parexel.md - Partner Therapeutics (company): Partner Therapeutics is a private Massachusetts company that owns sargramostim (Leukine), the recombinant GM-CSF used after chemotherapy and transplant and, since 2020, in high-risk neuroblastoma with dinutuximab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/partner-therapeutics.md - PathAI (company): PathAI runs the AISight AI pathology platform and quantifies biomarkers for pharma trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pathai.md - Pathfinder Oncology (company): Pathfinder Oncology is a high-touch concierge service, led by William Hoos, that builds radically individualised treatment pathways for advanced cancer, including bespoke immune profiling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pathfinder-oncology.md - Pathos AI (company): Pathos AI trains multimodal artificial intelligence models on millions of cancer patients' genomic, imaging, text and outcome records to choose which experimental drugs to develop and which patients to test them in. It has licensed a TROP2/HER3 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate and an oestrogen receptor degrader, and raised a 365 million dollar Series D in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pathos-ai.md - Patient Advocators (company): Patient Advocators is a private patient advocacy firm offering specialist referrals, treatment navigation and insurance and cost coordination for cancer and other complex conditions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patient-advocators.md - Patient Data Vault (data-vault.health) (company): AI clinical-trial matcher for cancer patients: upload records or connect a health system, get explained matches updated daily from ClinicalTrials.gov. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patient-data-vault.md - Perceptive Advisors (company): Perceptive Advisors is a New York healthcare investment firm founded by Joseph Edelman in 1999 that runs a public-market fund, a credit fund and, through Xontogeny, a venture fund backing seed and Series A biotech companies from preclinical work to clinical proof of concept. It is one of the most frequent crossover investors in oncology IPOs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/perceptive-advisors.md - Perci Health (company): Perci Health is an online clinic where people affected by cancer can book video appointments with specialist cancer nurses, physiotherapists, dietitians, psychologists and other experts, usually paid for by their employer or insurer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/perci-health.md - Peregrine Pharmaceuticals (now Avid Bioservices) (company): Peregrine was a Californian biotech whose phosphatidylserine antibody bavituximab failed a phase 3 lung cancer trial; the company kept its contract manufacturing arm and became Avid Bioservices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peregrine-avid.md - Perimeter Medical Imaging AI (company): Perimeter makes a scanner that gives surgeons a microscope-level 3D look at the edges of tissue they have just removed during breast cancer surgery, with artificial intelligence flagging suspicious areas, so they can take more tissue immediately rather than bringing the patient back for a second operation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/perimeter-medical-imaging-ai.md - Perita Bio (company): Perita Bio is an Even One Ventures company outside cancer: precision molecular profiling of endometriosis to explore non-hormonal treatment options. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/perita-bio.md - Persephone Biosciences (company): Persephone studies the gut bacteria of cancer patients and designs live bacterial medicines meant to make immunotherapy work for more people. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/persephone-biosciences.md - Personalis (Tempus) (company): Maker of the ultra-sensitive NeXT Personal MRD test, being acquired by Tempus AI for about $1.5B (announced July 2026). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/personalis.md - Perspective Therapeutics (company): Lead-212 alpha-therapy company whose SSTR2 agent [212Pb]VMT-α-NET reported a 43% response rate in neuroendocrine tumours and is heading for phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/perspective-therapeutics.md - PETNET Solutions (Siemens Healthineers) (company): PETNET Solutions is the largest network of PET radiopharmacies in the US, producing FDG and PSMA tracers daily. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/petnet-solutions.md - Pfizer (incl. Seagen) (company): Bought Seagen for $43B to become an ADC leader; also makes Ibrance, Lorbrena, Braftovi, and the first PROTAC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pfizer.md - Pfizer Ventures (company): Pfizer's corporate venture arm, which invests in early biotech companies in the areas Pfizer cares about, including cancer. Its oncology portfolio includes Artios Pharma, Crossbow Therapeutics and Strata Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pfizer-ventures.md - pharma& (company): pharma& is a Vienna company that buys and markets established medicines, including the PARP inhibitor rucaparib (Rubraca), which it acquired from Clovis Oncology's bankruptcy in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pharmaand.md - Pharmacosmos (company): Pharmacosmos is a Danish family-owned company specialising in intravenous iron; its iron isomaltoside (Monofer) treats the anaemia that chemotherapy and cancer itself cause, and it leads phase 3 trials in that setting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pharmacosmos.md - PharmaEssentia (company): PharmaEssentia is a Taiwanese biotechnology company whose long-acting interferon ropeginterferon alfa-2b (Besremi) is approved for polycythaemia vera, a chronic blood cancer, in the United States, Europe and Asia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pharmaessentia.md - PharmaMar (company): Spanish company that turns marine natural products into cancer drugs, including lurbinectedin and trabectedin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pharmamar.md - Phaxiam Therapeutics (formerly ERYtech Pharma) (company): ERYtech Pharma was a Lyon company that encapsulated the enzyme asparaginase in red blood cells (eryaspase) for leukaemia and pancreatic cancer; after its phase 3 pancreatic trial failed in 2021 it merged into Phaxiam, which now works on bacteriophage therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phaxiam.md - Pheon Therapeutics (company): Pheon Therapeutics, of London, designs antibody-drug conjugates against an undisclosed target overexpressed across a wide range of solid tumours; its lead carries eight topoisomerase 1 inhibitor molecules per antibody and showed a wide therapeutic index preclinically. It raised a 120 million dollar Series B in 2024 and has entered early human trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pheon-therapeutics.md - Philips (company): Imaging and health-informatics company: MRI, CT, and the IntelliSite digital pathology system that won the first FDA clearance for primary diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philips.md - Philogen S.p.A. (company): Philogen S.p.A. is a Italy-based biotechnology company running 8 late-stage cancer trials of Onfekafusp alfa and onfekafusp alfa in melanoma, glioma & glioblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philogen-s-p-a.md - Photocure (company): Photocure is a Norwegian company whose blue-light cystoscopy agent hexaminolevulinate (Hexvix in Europe, Cysview in the United States) makes bladder tumours fluoresce so surgeons find and remove more of them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/photocure.md - photonamic (company): photonamic is the small German company behind Gliolan (Gleolan), the drink of 5-aminolevulinic acid that makes glioma tissue glow pink under a surgical microscope so neurosurgeons can remove more of the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/photonamic.md - Photys Therapeutics (company): Photys Therapeutics builds two-headed molecules that bring a target protein next to an enzyme that modifies or destroys it. Its first clinical drug is for autoimmune disease; its cancer work, aimed at a mutant form of the p53 protein, is still in the laboratory. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/photys-therapeutics.md - Picnic Health (company): Picnic Health gathers a patient's complete medical records into one place and uses them to match the patient to clinical trials and research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/picnic-health.md - Pierre Fabre (company): Pierre Fabre is a French pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics group whose oncology franchise includes vinorelbine (Navelbine), vinflunine (Javlor) and the BRAF/MEK pair encorafenib and binimetinib in Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pierre-fabre.md - Piramal Pharma Solutions (company): Piramal Pharma Solutions, a Mumbai contract manufacturer, links cytotoxic payloads to antibodies at Grangemouth in Scotland, one of the few ADC conjugation sites in the West, and runs contained sites in the United States and India for drug substances too toxic to handle openly. Whether it can capture the ADC demand leaving China is its open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/piramal-pharma-solutions.md - Plexium (company): Plexium makes single-piece pills that make cancer cells destroy specific proteins. Its lead drug removes a protein called SMARCA2 in tumours that have lost its partner SMARCA4, and is in an early human trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/plexium.md - POINT Biopharma (company): POINT Biopharma developed radioactive medicines that home in on prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumours, and built a large manufacturing campus in Indianapolis. Eli Lilly bought the company at the end of 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/point-biopharma.md - Polaris Group (company): Polaris Group develops pegargiminase (ADI-PEG 20), an enzyme that starves tumours lacking argininosuccinate synthetase of arginine, which improved survival in pleural mesothelioma in the phase 3 ATOMIC-Meso trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polaris-group.md - Polaris Partners (company): A Boston venture firm with a long record of co-founding biotech companies with academic scientists such as Bob Langer. Its cancer companies include Syros Pharmaceuticals, Kronos Bio and the blood-test company Freenome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polaris-partners.md - Poseida Therapeutics (company): Poseida developed off-the-shelf CAR T-cell therapies made from healthy donor cells rather than from each patient, for multiple myeloma and B-cell cancers. Roche bought the company in early 2025 for up to about $1.5 billion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/poseida-therapeutics.md - Precirix (company): Precirix, of Brussels, develops radiopharmaceuticals built on small single-domain antibody fragments that carry a radioactive isotope to HER2-positive cancers. Its lead, CAM-H2, is in a phase 1/2 trial in HER2-positive breast, gastric and gastro-oesophageal cancer, including patients with brain metastases, with an imaging dose given first to confirm HER2 in the lesions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/precirix.md - PregLem (company): PregLem is a Geneva biotech, part of Gedeon Richter, whose ulipristal acetate (Esmya) for uterine fibroids went through phase 3 trials it led; it is listed among industry sponsors of cancer-tagged trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/preglem.md - Prelude Therapeutics (company): Prelude Therapeutics develops precision cancer medicines. Its current focus is a pill for blood cancers driven by a JAK2 mutation and drugs that destroy a protein called KAT6A in hormone-driven breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prelude-therapeutics.md - Private Health Management (company): Private Health Management provides high-touch guidance for people with serious illness: specialist access, second opinions and care coordination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/private-health-management.md - Private Medical (company): Private Medical is a concierge medical practice with offices in San Francisco, Menlo Park, New York and Miami Beach that takes on complex cancer cases with attention to overlooked clinical angles. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/private-medical.md - Profluent (company): Profluent uses protein language models to design new gene editors (OpenCRISPR-1) and antibodies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/profluent-bio.md - ProfoundBio (company): ProfoundBio developed antibodies that deliver a chemotherapy drug to ovarian cancer cells carrying a protein called folate receptor alpha. Genmab bought the company for 1.8 billion dollars in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/profoundbio.md - Proscia (company): Proscia makes the Concentriq digital pathology platform for labs and pharma, with an AI marketplace. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proscia.md - Protagonist Therapeutics (company): Protagonist is a California peptide company whose hepcidin mimetic rusfertide controls the excess red cell production of polycythaemia vera without repeated phlebotomy, with positive phase 3 VERIFY results in 2025 and a partnership with Takeda. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/protagonist-therapeutics.md - Protara Therapeutics (company): Protara Therapeutics is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of TARA-002 in bladder & urothelial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/protara-therapeutics.md - Protean BioDiagnostics (company): Protean BioDiagnostics is an Orlando laboratory offering comprehensive precision oncology testing with a consultation for the patient, physician-ordered but patient-accessible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/protean-biodiagnostics.md - Proxygen (company): Proxygen is a Vienna company that hunts for molecular glues, small molecules that make cells destroy cancer-driving proteins. Its two lead programmes, against p300 and CDK12, are still in the laboratory. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proxygen.md - PTC Therapeutics (company): PTC is a New Jersey rare-disease company, known for Duchenne and spinal muscular atrophy medicines, whose tubulin-binding drug unesbulin went into a phase 3 trial in leiomyosarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ptc-therapeutics.md - Puma Biotechnology (company): Puma Biotechnology developed neratinib (Nerlynx), the extended-adjuvant HER2 pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/puma-biotechnology.md - QBiotics (company): QBiotics is a Australia-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in sarcomas and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qbiotics.md - QIAGEN (company): QIAGEN is a sample-preparation and molecular-diagnostics company selling nucleic-acid extraction kits, therascreen companion diagnostics, and QCI Interpret software. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qiagen.md - Qilu Pharmaceutical (company): Qilu Pharmaceutical is a China-based pharmaceutical company running 20 late-stage cancer trials of QL1706, QLC5508 and QL2107 in non-small-cell lung cancer, oesophageal cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qilu-pharmaceutical.md - Quanta Therapeutics (company): Quanta Therapeutics develops oral multi-KRAS inhibitors biased to G12D (QTX3034) and G12V (QTX3544), with responses in pancreatic, colorectal, and endometrial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quanta-therapeutics.md - Quantum Surgical (company): Quantum Surgical builds Epione, a robot that helps doctors guide needles through the skin to destroy liver and other tumours with heat or cold, making a minimally invasive treatment more precise and easier for less experienced operators. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quantum-surgical.md - Quest Diagnostics (company): Quest Diagnostics is a national reference laboratory with oncology pathology and molecular testing, including Haystack Oncology MRD (acquired 2023). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quest-diagnostics.md - R-Pharm (company): R-Pharm is a large private Russian pharmaceutical company that manufactures and licenses medicines including cancer generics and biosimilars, and sponsors phase 3 trials of them in Russia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/r-pharm.md - RA Capital Management (company): A Boston investment firm that funds biotech companies both privately and on the stock market, and incubates its own. Its cancer bets include Aktis Oncology, CG Oncology and Bicara Therapeutics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ra-capital.md - Radformation (company): Radformation makes software that automates the repetitive parts of planning radiotherapy, such as outlining organs on scans, checking plans for errors and verifying doses, so cancer patients can start treatment faster and more safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radformation.md - RadioMedix (company): RadioMedix is developing AlphaMedix (212Pb-DOTAMTATE) with Orano Med, the first targeted alpha therapy to receive FDA Breakthrough designation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiomedix.md - Radionetics Oncology (company): Radionetics Oncology makes small-molecule drugs that carry a radioactive isotope to receptors on the surface of cancer cells that have rarely been targeted before. Eli Lilly paid 140 million dollars in 2024 for the right to buy the company for 1 billion dollars. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radionetics-oncology.md - Rakuten Medical (company): Rakuten Medical is a United States-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rakuten-medical.md - Ranata Therapeutics (company): Ranata Therapeutics builds antibodies and bispecific antibodies against the unique features of an individual patient's cancer cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ranata-therapeutics.md - Ranok Therapeutics (Hangzhou) (company): Ranok Therapeutics (Hangzhou) is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of RNK08954-01 and RNK05047 in sarcomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ranok-therapeutics-hangzhou.md - Rarivive (company): Rarivive is an Even One Ventures company outside cancer: custom gene therapies designed around a single person's mutation for rare genetic diseases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rarivive.md - Ratio Therapeutics (company): Ratio Therapeutics, of Boston, designs small molecules that carry a radioactive isotope to fibroblast activation protein, a protein on the supporting tissue of sarcomas and other solid tumours, so radiation is delivered from inside the body. Its lead, an actinium-225 radioligand, is in the ATLAS phase 1/2 trial in advanced sarcomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ratio-therapeutics.md - RaySearch Laboratories (company): RaySearch makes the vendor-neutral RayStation treatment planning system, strong in proton and adaptive planning, with machine-learning planning tools. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raysearch.md - RayzeBio (BMS) (company): RayzeBio is the actinium-225 radiopharma company that BMS bought for $4.1B; its RYZ101 is in phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rayzebio.md - Recordati (company): Recordati is an Italian pharmaceutical group whose rare-disease arm markets oncology and haematology products in Europe, including siltuximab (Sylvant), chlormethine gel (Ledaga) and dinutuximab beta (Qarziba). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/recordati.md - Recursion Pharmaceuticals (company): Recursion is an AI-first biotech (merged with Exscientia in 2024) with a clinical oncology pipeline that includes an RBM39 degrader and a MEK inhibitor for familial adenomatous polyposis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/recursion.md - RefleXion Medical (company): RefleXion Medical makes the first PET-guided radiotherapy system, which uses the tumour's own emissions to steer the beam. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reflexion.md - Regeneron (company): Regeneron makes Libtayo and has a large portfolio of CD3 bispecifics (odronextamab, linvoseltamab). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/regeneron.md - Reimagine Care (company): Reimagine Care gives cancer patients a text based assistant and oncology trained nurses available around the clock, so side effects can be handled at home instead of in an emergency department. It was bought by the French company Cureety in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reimagine-care.md - Relay Therapeutics (company): Relay Therapeutics uses computer simulations of how proteins move to design precise cancer pills. Its lead drug, zovegalisib, targets a mutated growth protein called PI3K-alpha in breast cancer while sparing the normal version. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relay-therapeutics.md - Relit Biosciences (company): Relit Biosciences gives patients access to biomarker-based imaging and radioligand therapy, the pairing of a diagnostic scan with a matched radioactive drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relit-biosciences.md - RemeGen (company): RemeGen developed disitamab vedotin, China's first domestic ADC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/remegen.md - Repare Therapeutics (company): Repare Therapeutics was a Montreal cancer drug developer working on drugs that stop tumours repairing their own DNA. In January 2026 it was bought by a non-profit called XenoTherapeutics and its shares stopped trading. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/repare-therapeutics.md - Replimune (company): Oncolytic virus company whose RP1 (Tudriqev) was approved in August 2026 after an initial FDA rejection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/replimune.md - REPROSENT (company): REPROSENT is a patient app that helps people with cancer and their families track symptoms and treatment, and turns what they record into alerts for their care team. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reprosent.md - ResistanceBio (Viosera Therapeutics) (company): ResistanceBio set out to design drugs that stop cancers becoming resistant to treatment. The company is no longer active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resistancebio.md - Reverie Labs (company): Reverie Labs used machine learning to design cancer drugs that could cross into the brain. It is no longer operating. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reverie-labs.md - Revolution Medicines (company): Revolution Medicines is the leading RAS company, with daraxonrasib in phase 3 for pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/revolution-medicines.md - RGCC International (company): RGCC offers blood tests that isolate circulating tumour cells and profile them to guide treatment choices and to track disease over time, sold worldwide to patients as well as physicians. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rgcc-international.md - Rigel Pharmaceuticals (company): Commercialises olutasidenib (Rezlidhia), an IDH1 inhibitor for relapsed AML, alongside fostamatinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rigel-pharmaceuticals.md - Roche / Genentech (company): Creator of Herceptin, Avastin, and Rituxan, and owner of Foundation Medicine; the company that defined antibody oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roche-genentech.md - Roche Venture Fund (company): Roche's corporate venture fund, based in Basel, which takes minority stakes in early biotech and diagnostics companies. Its web pages could not be located at the time of research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roche-venture-fund.md - Rovi (company): Rovi is a Madrid pharmaceutical group known for low-molecular-weight heparins and long-acting injectables; its bemiparin trials in cancer-associated thrombosis are why it appears among phase 3 cancer sponsors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rovi.md - Ryvu Therapeutics (company): Ryvu Therapeutics is a Poland-based biotechnology company running 5 late-stage cancer trials of RVU120, MEN1703 and Glofitamab in acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms and hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ryvu-therapeutics.md - Sagely Health (company): Sagely Health, led by the oncologist Jason Sager, helps patients and families make sense of evolving science, trials and access pathways, starting with a free clinical trial report. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sagely-health.md - SageMedic (company): SageMedic builds 3D microtumours from a patient's solid tumour and measures how candidate drugs and combinations kill or slow them, including for rare cancers and cancers of unknown primary. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sagemedic.md - Sakura Finetek (company): Sakura Finetek is a histology automation leader (Tissue-Tek processors, embedders, stainers, and the Genie IHC platform). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sakura-finetek.md - Samsara BioCapital (company): A Palo Alto life sciences investment firm founded by Srinivas Akkaraju that invests in private and public biotech companies. Its website could not be read at the time of research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/samsara-biocapital.md - Samsung Biologics (company): Samsung Biologics is the world's largest biologics CDMO by capacity, and opened a dedicated ADC conjugation facility in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/samsung-biologics.md - Sana Biotechnology (company): Sana Biotechnology is a hypoimmune cell-therapy company that suspended its oncology allogeneic CAR-T (SC262) in late 2025 and pivoted to type 1 diabetes and in vivo CAR-T (SG293). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sana-biotechnology.md - Sandoz (company): Sandoz, spun out of Novartis in 2023, is the world's largest generics and biosimilars company; in oncology it sells biosimilar filgrastim (Zarxio), pegfilgrastim (Ziextenzo) and rituximab, and holds the US application for nelarabine (Arranon). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sandoz.md - Sanofi (company): Sanofi makes Sarclisa (isatuximab), now in a subcutaneous form approved in July 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sanofi.md - Sanofi Ventures (company): Sanofi's strategic venture fund, which invests in early biotech and digital health companies before they are ready to partner with or be bought by Sanofi. Cancer-related holdings include the radiopharmaceutical company AdvanCell and the immune checkpoint company Abcuro. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sanofi-ventures.md - Sante Ventures (company): Sante Ventures is an Austin, Texas healthcare venture firm that invests early in medical devices, diagnostics, biotech and health technology, including cancer companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sante-ventures.md - Sarah Cannon Research Institute (company): Sarah Cannon Research Institute, of Nashville, is a community-based research network owned jointly by HCA Healthcare and McKesson whose drug development units across the United States and United Kingdom frequently host first-in-human oncology trials. Whether its community sites reach patients who would never travel to an academic centre, and how their outcomes compare, is untested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarah-cannon-research-institute.md - SBI Pharmaceuticals (company): SBI Pharmaceuticals is the Tokyo company behind 5-aminolevulinic acid products in Japan, including Alaglio, which makes bladder tumours glow during cystoscopy so surgeons can see and remove them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sbi-pharmaceuticals.md - Scancell (company): Scancell is a United Kingdom-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in melanoma, triple-negative breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scancell.md - Science 37 (eMed) (company): Pioneer of the 'metasite' decentralised trial model, acquired by eMed in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/science-37.md - Scorpion Therapeutics (company): Scorpion Therapeutics was a Boston start-up that designed a cancer pill, STX-478, aimed only at the mutated form of a growth protein called PI3K-alpha, sparing the normal form. Eli Lilly bought the programme in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scorpion-therapeutics.md - ScreenPoint Medical (company): Radboud University spin-out whose Transpara software is the AI reader tested in the MASAI screening trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/screenpoint-medical.md - Section 32 (S32) (company): Section 32 is a venture firm founded by the former head of Google Ventures that invests across biology, healthcare and computing, including AI-native cancer diagnostics and therapeutics companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/section-32.md - Sectra (company): Sectra, of Linköping, Sweden, makes enterprise imaging and digital pathology software whose PACS and Digital Pathology module run national-scale fully digital pathology in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Sweden. Whether that delivers faster diagnoses and better use of scarce pathologists is still being tested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sectra.md - SecuraBio (company): SecuraBio is a US company that owns the PI3K inhibitor duvelisib (Copiktra), acquired from Verastem in 2020, for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and follicular lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/securabio.md - SEngine Precision Medicine (company): Runs the PARIS test: a patient's tumour grown as organoids and screened against 240+ drugs to find options sequencing cannot see. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sengine.md - SERB Pharmaceuticals (company): SERB is a European specialty company focused on emergency and rescue medicines; in oncology it markets glucarpidase (Voraxaze) for toxic methotrexate levels and uridine triacetate (Vistogard) for fluorouracil overdose in Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serb-pharmaceuticals.md - Serinus Biosciences (company): Serinus uses an explainable AI model of cancer cell biology to work out how tumours evade a drug, and to design combinations that block the escape routes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serinus-biosciences.md - Serova (company): Serova is an early-stage company building a personalised cancer vaccine platform that redesigns the vaccine as the tumour evolves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serova.md - Serum Institute of India (company): The world's largest vaccine maker by doses, which developed CERVAVAC, India's first home-made HPV vaccine, so that cervical cancer prevention no longer depends on imported shots. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serum-institute-of-india.md - Servier (company): Servier is the private French pharma that brought vorasidenib, the first low-grade glioma drug, to market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/servier.md - Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical (company): Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical is a Chinese developer in Shandong that sponsors 3 registered cancer trials of F182112 and F182112 single-agent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shandong-new-time-pharmaceutical.md - Shanghai AbelZeta (company): Shanghai AbelZeta is a China-based cell therapy company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in hepatocellular carcinoma and multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-abelzeta.md - Shanghai Allist Pharmaceuticals (company): Allist is the single-product lung cancer company behind furmonertinib, China's other third-generation EGFR pill, partnered with ArriVent for the rest of the world. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allist.md - Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development (company): Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development is a China-based pharmaceutical company running 5 late-stage cancer trials of FCN-159 and Test group (Group A): FCN-159 in non-small-cell lung cancer and rare cancers of childhood. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-fosun-pharmaceutical-industrial-development.md - Shanghai Henlius Biotech (company): Chinese biosimilar and biologics company whose PD-1 antibody serplulimab is approved in China and Europe for small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/henlius.md - Shanghai Juncell Therapeutics (company): Shanghai Juncell Therapeutics is a China-based cell therapy company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of GC101 TIL in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-juncell-therapeutics.md - Shanghai Junshi Biosciences (company): Junshi developed toripalimab, the first Chinese PD-1 antibody approved in China (2018) and the first approved by the FDA (2023, nasopharyngeal cancer). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/junshi.md - Shanghai Kechow Pharma (company): Shanghai Kechow Pharma is a China-based pharmaceutical company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of tunlametinib, Tunlametinib and HL-085 in melanoma, colorectal cancer and rare cancers of childhood. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-kechow-pharma.md - Shanghai Sunway Biotech (company): Shanghai Sunway Biotech makes Oncorine (H101), the oncolytic adenovirus approved in China in 2005, the first oncolytic virus approved anywhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-sunway-biotech.md - Shanghai Yingli Pharmaceutical (company): Shanghai Yingli Pharmaceutical developed linperlisib, the PI3K-delta inhibitor approved in China in 2022 for relapsed follicular lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-yingli.md - Shasqi (company): Shasqi puts an inert form of a chemotherapy drug into the bloodstream and switches it on only inside the tumour, using a chemical reaction called click chemistry, so the rest of the body sees far less of the drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shasqi.md - Shenzhen Ionova Life Sciences (company): Shenzhen Ionova Life Sciences is a China-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of INV-8989, INV-6452 and INV-9956 in colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shenzhen-ionova-life-sciences.md - Shenzhen TargetRx (company): Shenzhen TargetRx is a China-based biotechnology company running 4 late-stage cancer trials of TGRX-326, TGRX-814 and TGRX-678 in non-small-cell lung cancer, hodgkin lymphoma and acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shenzhen-targetrx.md - SHINE Technologies (company): SHINE Technologies is a fusion-based isotope company that produces non-carrier-added Lu-177 (Ilumira) and is building the Chrysalis Mo-99 plant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shine-technologies.md - Sichuan Kelun-Biotech (company): Chinese ADC developer whose TROP2 ADC sac-TMT was licensed to Merck in one of the largest China-out deals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kelun-biotech.md - Siemens Healthineers (company): Siemens Healthineers makes the Biograph Vision Quadra total-body PET and photon-counting CT, and owns Varian. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/siemens-healthineers.md - Signatur Biosciences (company): Signatur turns complex gene-expression tests, starting with breast cancer prognosis, into simple PCR tests that a local hospital lab can run in days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/signatur-biosciences.md - Sijbrandij Foundation (company): The Sijbrandij Foundation supports new and under-resourced ways to catalyse transformational change; in cancer it incubates Future of Cancer Care Today, the free navigation service that grew out of Sid Sijbrandij's own osteosarcoma journey. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sijbrandij-foundation.md - Simcere Pharmaceutical (company): Simcere is a Nanjing-based pharmaceutical company whose oncology arm, Simcere Zaiming, is running the phase 3 SIMRISE trial of the oral SERD SIM0270 with everolimus in ER-positive breast cancer and markets the anti-PD-1 antibody enlonstobart in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/simcere.md - Sino Biopharmaceutical (Chia Tai Tianqing) (company): Sino Biopharm, through Chia Tai Tianqing, sells anlotinib, one of China's biggest cancer drugs, and acquired LaNova Medicines to add bispecific antibodies and ADCs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sino-biopharm.md - Sinocelltech (company): Sinocelltech is a China-based biotechnology company running 8 late-stage cancer trials of SCTB41, SCTB35 and SCTC21C in multiple myeloma, non-small-cell lung cancer and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sinocelltech.md - Sinotau Pharmaceutical (company): Sinotau Pharmaceutical is a China-based radiopharmaceutical company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of Octreotide LAR in neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sinotau-pharmaceutical.md - Sirtex Medical (company): Sirtex makes SIR-Spheres, yttrium-90 resin microspheres used for radioembolisation of liver tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sirtex.md - Sobi (Swedish Orphan Biovitrum) (company): Sobi is a Swedish rare-disease company whose haematology and oncology supportive products include palifermin (Kepivance) for severe oral mucositis, avatrombopag (Doptelet) and emapalumab (Gamifant). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sobi.md - SOFIE Biosciences (company): SOFIE Biosciences is a US radiopharmacy network running two phase 3 trials of the FAP PET tracer [18F]FAPI-74 in pancreatic and gastro-oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sofie-biosciences.md - Sofinnova Partners (company): One of Europe's oldest life sciences venture firms, based in Paris. It has backed cancer companies such as Innate Pharma, Crescendo Biologics and Hookipa, and its portfolio company Myricx was bought by Novartis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sofinnova-partners.md - Soligenix (company): Soligenix is a New Jersey company developing HyBryte, a synthetic hypericin ointment activated by visible light, for early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, tested in the phase 3 FLASH trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/soligenix.md - SonALAsense (company): SonALAsense is testing sonodynamic therapy, in which patients receive a drug that cancer cells turn into a light-sensitive chemical and then focused ultrasound is beamed through the skull to activate it, killing brain tumour cells without surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sonalasense.md - SOPHiA GENETICS (company): Cloud platform (SOPHiA DDM) that hospitals use to analyse and interpret NGS oncology panels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sophia-genetics.md - Sorrento Therapeutics (company): Sorrento was a San Diego biotech with a sprawling pipeline of antibodies, cell therapies and a resiniferatoxin pain programme for cancer pain; it filed for bankruptcy in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sorrento-therapeutics.md - SOTIO Biotech (company): SOTIO is a Prague biotechnology company owned by the PPF group whose dendritic cell vaccine for prostate cancer failed its phase 3 trial in 2020, and which now develops an IL-15 superagonist and antibody-drug conjugates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sotio.md - SpeciCare (company): SpeciCare preserves a patient's living tumour tissue at biopsy or surgery so it can be used later for testing, including treatments that may not exist yet; patients can order it themselves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/specicare.md - SpectraCure (company): SpectraCure is a Sweden-based medical device company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spectracure.md - Spectrum Pharmaceuticals (company): Spectrum Pharmaceuticals was a US cancer company that sold its haematology portfolio to Acrotech in 2019, won approval for the long-acting G-CSF eflapegrastim (Rolvedon) in 2022, and was acquired by Assertio in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spectrum-pharmaceuticals.md - SpringWorks Therapeutics (Merck KGaA) (company): SpringWorks developed nirogacestat, the first approved treatment for desmoid tumours, and mirdametinib for NF1 plexiform neurofibromas; Merck KGaA acquired it in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/springworks.md - SR One (company): SR One is a transatlantic biotech venture firm that began as GSK's corporate venture arm and now invests independently from London and the US West Coast. Oncology accounts for a large share of its portfolio, including Akamis Bio (gene-based immunotherapy), Avenzo Therapeutics, Charm Therapeutics (menin inhibitors for acute myeloid leukaemia) and Biotheryx (protein degradation). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sr-one.md - Stablix (company): Stablix does the opposite of protein degradation: its molecules recruit enzymes that strip the 'destroy me' tag off useful proteins so cells keep them. Cancer is one of its target areas, but all its work is still preclinical. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stablix.md - Standard BioTools (SomaLogic) (company): Proteomics and mass-cytometry company that merged with SomaLogic (SomaScan aptamer proteomics) in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/standard-biotools.md - STCube (company): STCube is a South Korea-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of Nelmastobart in non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stcube.md - Stitchpoint Bio (company): Stitchpoint Bio is an Even One Ventures company outside cancer: antisense oligonucleotide medicines designed for a single rare disease patient's mutation, aiming to cut development from decades to months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stitchpoint-bio.md - StoreMyTumor (company): StoreMyTumor, operating since 2011, preserves patients' living tumour tissue in the United States and Europe for personalised treatments and testing later on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/storemytumor.md - Strand Therapeutics (company): Strand makes programmable messenger RNA medicines that switch on only inside tumours. Its first drug is injected into a tumour and makes cells there produce an immune-boosting signal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/strand-therapeutics.md - Streck (company): Streck makes the Cell-Free DNA BCT blood tube that made shippable liquid biopsy practical. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/streck.md - Sumitomo Pharma (Myovant) (company): Sumitomo Pharma makes Orgovyx (relugolix), the first oral GnRH antagonist for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sumitomo-pharma.md - Summit Therapeutics (company): Summit Therapeutics holds Western rights to ivonescimab and is running the global HARMONi trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/summit-therapeutics.md - Sun Nuclear (Mirion) (company): Radiotherapy quality-assurance instruments and software (SunCHECK, ArcCHECK) that verify machines deliver the planned dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sun-nuclear.md - Sun Pharmaceutical Industries (company): India's largest drug company, which owns the branded cancer drugs Odomzo and Yonsa in the US and bought the PD-L1 antibody maker Checkpoint Therapeutics in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sun-pharma.md - Sunesis Pharmaceuticals (company): Sunesis developed vosaroxin, a quinolone-derived cytotoxic that narrowly missed its survival endpoint in the phase 3 VALOR trial in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia; the company later merged into Viracta. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunesis.md - Sunshine Lake Pharma (HEC) (company): Sunshine Lake Pharma, the pharmaceutical arm of China's HEC group based in Dongguan, is running phase 3 trials of clifutinib, a FLT3 inhibitor for acute myeloid leukaemia, and lerotinib in oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunshine-lake-pharma.md - Sutro Biopharma (company): Cell-free protein synthesis ADC company that refocused on exatecan and dual-payload ADCs, deprioritising its folate-receptor ADC luveltamab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sutro-biopharma.md - Suzhou Forlong Biotechnology (company): Suzhou Forlong Biotechnology is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of FL115 in bladder & urothelial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/suzhou-forlong-biotechnology.md - Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals (company): Zelgen developed donafenib, the deuterated sorafenib that beat the original in first-line liver cancer and was approved in China in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zelgen.md - SV Health Investors (company): A London and Boston healthcare investor with 30 years of history that runs biotech, medtech and growth funds, including a dementia fund. Its biotech portfolio includes cancer companies such as Bicycle Therapeutics and Xilio Therapeutics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sv-health-investors.md - SymBio Pharmaceuticals (company): SymBio is a Tokyo company that brought bendamustine (Treakisym) to Japan for lymphoma and myeloma through the local trials it led, and now develops the antiviral brincidofovir for transplant complications. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/symbio-pharmaceuticals.md - Synaffix (Lonza) (company): Licensor of the GlycoConnect site-specific ADC conjugation platform, now part of Lonza and used by dozens of ADC developers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/synaffix.md - Syncona (company): A London-listed investment company that founds and funds UK life science companies and holds them for the long term. Its cancer companies include the CAR-T company Autolus and the precision oncology firms iOnctura and Mosaic Therapeutics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/syncona.md - Syndax Pharmaceuticals (company): Syndax Pharmaceuticals, of Waltham, Massachusetts, developed revumenib (Revuforj), the first menin inhibitor approved for leukaemia, proved in relapsed leukaemias driven by KMT2A rearrangement or NPM1 mutation. It also makes axatilimab for chronic graft-versus-host disease, and resistance mutations in menin itself are the class's unsolved problem. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/syndax.md - Syngene International (company): Biocon's listed contract research and manufacturing arm, which runs discovery chemistry, biology and biologics manufacturing for eight of the ten largest pharma companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/syngene.md - SynsoryBio (company): SynsoryBio builds protein drugs with built-in if-then logic: they stay switched off until they sense they are in diseased tissue, a way to make immune-activating and cell-killing biologics usable at doses that would otherwise harm healthy tissue. It is preclinical, with a small team and no recorded financing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/synsorybio.md - SystImmune / Sichuan Biokin (company): SystImmune developed iza-bren, the first bispecific ADC to win a phase 3 trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/systimmune.md - TAE Life Sciences (company): TAE Life Sciences is developing boron neutron capture therapy, in which a boron drug collects in cancer cells and a hospital-based neutron beam then triggers a tiny nuclear reaction inside those cells to destroy them while sparing nearby healthy tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tae-life-sciences.md - Taiho Oncology (Otsuka) (company): Taiho Oncology makes Inqovi, the oral decitabine-cedazuridine that in May 2026 became the first all-oral hypomethylating backbone for venetoclax in AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/taiho-oncology.md - Taiho Pharmaceutical (Otsuka) (company): Japanese oncology company behind futibatinib (Lytgobi) for bile duct cancer and the chemotherapy Lonsurf; acquired the ADC linker company Araris in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/taiho.md - TailorMed (company): TailorMed is software that finds and enrols patients in financial assistance programmes so they can afford expensive medicines, used by hospitals, cancer clinics and pharmacies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tailormed.md - Takara Bio (company): Takara Bio is a Japanese life-science tools company that also develops gene and cell therapies for cancer, including an oncolytic herpes virus and engineered T cells, and manufactures viral vectors for others. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/takara-bio.md - Takeda (company): Takeda co-owns Adcetris outside the US and is developing STING-agonist conjugates and CAR-NK cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/takeda.md - Takeda Ventures (company): Takeda Ventures, founded in 2001, is Takeda's corporate venture group, investing in preclinical, platform-based drug companies whose programmes complement Takeda's pipeline in oncology, rare genetics and haematology, neuroscience and gastrointestinal disease. Its page lists no portfolio companies, so no cancer examples are recorded here. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/takeda-ventures.md - Tallac Therapeutics (company): Tallac Therapeutics builds antibodies that carry an immune-activating molecule into tumours, so the body's own defences attack the cancer. Its lead medicine is in early human trials and has a fast-track review status in bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tallac-therapeutics.md - Tango Therapeutics (company): Tango Therapeutics makes cancer pills that exploit a weakness created when a tumour loses a particular gene. Its lead drug targets cancers that have lost a gene called MTAP, common in pancreatic and lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tango-therapeutics.md - TareBio (company): TareBio reads the immune cells already fighting a cancer in a patient's body and works backwards to design a vaccine that makes more of them, in weeks rather than years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tarebio.md - TCGX (TCG Crossover) (company): TCGX is a crossover fund: it invests in private biotech companies in the round or two before they list, then keeps holding the shares as public investors. Several cancer drug developers in OnCo raised from it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tcgx.md - Telik (company): Telik was a Palo Alto biotech whose glutathione analogue canfosfamide (Telcyta) failed its phase 3 trials in ovarian and lung cancer in the 2000s, a reminder that late-stage failure is the norm in oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telik.md - Telix Pharmaceuticals (company): Telix is the Australian theranostics company behind Illuccix and Gozellix PSMA imaging and a broad therapeutic pipeline. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telix.md - Tempus AI (company): Genomic testing plus one of the largest multimodal clinical datasets, used for AI models and trial matching. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tempus.md - TerraPower Isotopes (company): Bill Gates-backed producer of actinium-225 from thorium-229, building a Philadelphia facility to raise supply 20-fold. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/terrapower-isotopes.md - TerSera Therapeutics (company): TerSera is a US specialty company whose oncology and supportive-care products include goserelin (Zoladex), rolapitant (Varubi) and telotristat ethyl (Xermelo) in the US. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tersera-therapeutics.md - Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies (company): Maker of the Spectra Optia apheresis system used to collect cells for most CAR-T products, and of the Quantum cell-expansion system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/terumo-bct.md - Teva Pharmaceuticals (company): Teva is the world's largest generic medicines company; its branded oncology products include omacetaxine (Synribo) for resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia, arsenic trioxide (Trisenox), bendamustine (Bendeka) and the G-CSF products Granix and Lonquex. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/teva.md - TG Therapeutics (company): TG Therapeutics is a New York company whose lymphoma drug umbralisib was approved in 2021 and withdrawn in 2022 over a survival signal, and which now sells the anti-CD20 antibody ublituximab for multiple sclerosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tg-therapeutics.md - TheraPanacea (company): TheraPanacea is a Paris AI company whose ART-Plan does auto-contouring and synthetic CT in radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/therapanacea.md - Therapixel (company): Therapixel's MammoScreen software uses artificial intelligence to point out suspicious areas on mammograms and score how likely they are to be cancer, helping radiologists in the US and Europe read screening exams. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/therapixel.md - Thermo Fisher Scientific (company): Thermo Fisher is the largest life-science tools and services company, spanning Ion Torrent sequencing (Oncomine), viral vector and fill-finish manufacturing (Patheon), and the PPD clinical research organisation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thermo-fisher.md - THERYQ (company): THERYQ, part of the French industrial group ALCEN, builds linear accelerators for FLASH radiotherapy, which delivers a whole radiation dose in under 100 milliseconds; its FLASHDEEP produces 100 to 200 MeV electron beams that reach tumours about 20 cm deep. It is still preclinical, with a 38 million euro France 2030 programme to reach a CE mark. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/theryq.md - Third Rock Ventures (company): Third Rock Ventures builds biotech companies from scratch around a scientific idea, then funds and staffs them. Several of the best-known precision oncology companies of the last fifteen years started in its offices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/third-rock-ventures.md - Threshold Pharmaceuticals (company): Threshold developed evofosfamide, a drug switched on only in the oxygen-starved parts of tumours; two phase 3 trials in pancreatic cancer and sarcoma failed in 2015 and the company merged away. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/threshold-pharmaceuticals.md - Thyme Care (company): Thyme Care gives people with cancer a 24 hour phone and app based support team of oncology nurses and social workers, paid for by their health insurer. It aims to keep people out of hospital and lower the cost of cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thyme-care.md - TiumBio (company): TiumBio is a South Korea-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of TU2218 in biliary tract cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tiumbio.md - TJ Biopharma (company): TJ Biopharma is a Chinese developer in Shanghai that sponsors 2 registered cancer trials of Uliledlimab and Sintilimab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tj-biopharma.md - Tmunity Therapeutics (company): Tmunity was a Philadelphia company spun out of University of Pennsylvania research that built CAR T-cell therapies with extra features to help them fight solid tumours. Gilead's cell therapy unit Kite bought it in early 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tmunity-therapeutics.md - Tolmar (company): Tolmar is a privately held Colorado company that makes Eligard, the subcutaneous depot of the hormone therapy leuprolide used to suppress testosterone in advanced prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tolmar.md - Touchlight (company): Touchlight, of Hampton in the United Kingdom, makes doggybone dbDNA, synthetic DNA produced enzymatically without bacterial cells, as a replacement for plasmids in viral vector and mRNA manufacturing. Its business depends on regulators and developers accepting synthetic DNA in licensed products, not only in development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/touchlight.md - Tracon Pharmaceuticals (company): Tracon was a San Diego biotech whose endoglin antibody carotuximab failed a phase 3 trial in angiosarcoma and whose subcutaneous PD-L1 antibody envafolimab missed in sarcoma; it wound down in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tracon.md - Tradewind BioScience (company): Tradewind is developing a single antibody for ovarian cancer that both attacks the tumour cells directly and helps the immune system attack them too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tradewind-bioscience.md - Transgene (company): Transgene uses modified viruses to make cancer immunotherapies. Its lead product is a personalised vaccine built from each patient's tumour mutations, given after surgery to stop head and neck cancer coming back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transgene.md - TransThera Sciences (company): Chinese biotech running the first phase 3 of a next-generation FGFR inhibitor, tinengotinib, for bile duct cancer that has stopped responding to first-generation FGFR drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transthera.md - Trasis (company): Belgian maker of radiopharmaceutical synthesis modules (AllinOne, miniAiO) and dose dispensers used in PET and therapy radiopharmacies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trasis.md - Travera (company): Travera exposes a patient's living cancer cells to a broad range of approved drugs, including immunotherapies, and measures within days which ones the cells respond to. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/travera.md - Treadwell Therapeutics (company): Treadwell Therapeutics is a Hong Kong-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of CFI-402411, CFI-400945 and CFI-402257 in acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/treadwell-therapeutics.md - Treeline Biosciences (company): Treeline Biosciences is a well-funded private company building cancer drugs of several kinds, including a pill that blocks all forms of the KRAS cancer protein and drugs for lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/treeline-biosciences.md - Trial Library (company): Trial Library is software that helps everyday cancer clinics spot which patients might qualify for a clinical trial, refer them, and remove practical barriers like transport so more people, especially in under served communities, can join trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trial-library.md - Triana Biomedicines (company): Triana Biomedicines designs molecular glues that make cancer cells destroy their own faulty proteins. Its first drug, TRI-611, removes the ALK fusion protein that drives a subset of lung cancers and has entered human trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/triana-biomedicines.md - TriNetX (company): Federated real-world data network across health systems, used for trial feasibility and observational studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trinetx.md - Triomics (company): Triomics builds AI agents that read the unstructured parts of a cancer patient's records, such as pathology reports and scanned faxes, to match patients to trials and prepare visits automatically. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/triomics.md - TScan Therapeutics (company): TCR discovery company that cut 75% of staff in September 2026 to focus on in vivo-engineered TCR-T for solid tumours (PRAME, MAGE-A4). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tscan.md - Tubulis (Gilead) (company): German ADC company whose NaPi2b ADC TUB-040 posted a 59% response rate in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer; Gilead agreed to buy it for up to $5B. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tubulis.md - Turbine (company): Turbine builds computer simulations of cancer cells so drug developers can run millions of virtual experiments before doing them in the lab, for example to pick targets for antibody-drug conjugates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/turbine.md - Turnstone Biologics (company): Turnstone developed 'selected' tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, enriching the most cancer-reactive immune cells from a patient's tumour. It stopped its clinical programme in January 2025 and was bought by XOMA Royalty later that year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/turnstone-biologics.md - Tyra Biosciences (company): Tyra Biosciences designs precise pills against a family of growth-signal proteins called FGFRs, which are faulty in some bladder, liver and bile duct cancers and in a bone growth disorder. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tyra-biosciences.md - UbiVac (company): UbiVac is developing an off-the-shelf cancer vaccine aimed at proteins made from non-coding regions of the genome, with RNA sequencing to check a patient's tumour expresses the targets, and early data in head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ubivac.md - UCB (company): UCB is a Brussels pharmaceutical company focused on neurology and immunology whose cancer trials on the registry are mostly older programmes and supportive care studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ucb.md - Ultima Genomics (company): Open-wafer sequencing (UG 100) claiming a $100 genome, aimed at population-scale and deep ctDNA sequencing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ultima-genomics.md - Umoja Biopharma (company): In vivo CAR-T company using lentiviral vectors (VivoVec); first CD22-directed in vivo CAR-T cleared for US trials in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/umoja-biopharma.md - United Imaging (company): Chinese imaging company that built uEXPLORER, the first total-body PET scanner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/united-imaging.md - United Therapeutics (company): United Therapeutics is a Maryland company known for pulmonary hypertension medicines that also makes dinutuximab (Unituxin), the anti-GD2 antibody that became standard for high-risk neuroblastoma in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/united-therapeutics.md - Universal DX (company): Universal DX is developing Signal-C, a blood test to screen for bowel cancer and pre-cancerous growths, and has partnered with Quest Diagnostics to offer it in the US once regulators approve it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/universal-dx.md - UroGen Pharma (company): UroGen Pharma is a United States-based pharmaceutical company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of UGN-103, UGN-102 and UGN-104 in bladder & urothelial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/urogen-pharma.md - US WorldMeds (company): US WorldMeds is a private Louisville company that took over the engineered T-cell therapies Tecelra and lete-cel from Adaptimmune in 2025 and sells eflornithine (Iwilfin) for maintenance in high-risk neuroblastoma. Whether a small private firm can sustain T-cell manufacturing for a rare sarcoma is the open question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/us-worldmeds.md - Valar Labs (company): Valar Labs uses artificial intelligence on routine bladder cancer biopsy slides to predict whether a patient's tumour will respond to BCG immunotherapy, helping doctors decide between BCG and other options such as surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valar-labs.md - Valink Therapeutics (company): Valink designs antibody-drug conjugates that grab two targets at once, aimed at solid tumours that immunotherapy does not reach. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valink-therapeutics.md - Valius Sciences (company): Valius is a patient-centred multi-omic profiling service that runs whole genome, bulk and single-cell RNA, spatial transcriptomics, high-plex protein, and ctDNA on one tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valius.md - Valius Sciences (company): Valius Sciences offers exhaustive tumour profiling for rare and advanced cancers, what it calls maximalist diagnostics for the toughest cases, and has raised 13 million dollars to build it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valius-sciences.md - Valo Health (company): Valo Health uses large collections of patient health records and artificial intelligence to work out which biological targets cause disease, then designs small-molecule drugs against them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valo-health.md - Vara (company): Vara makes artificial intelligence software that reads screening mammograms in Germany's national breast screening programme, flagging normal scans and highlighting suspicious ones so radiologists find more cancers with less work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vara.md - Varian (Siemens Healthineers) (company): Varian is the largest radiotherapy equipment maker and is running the first human FLASH proton trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/varian.md - VasGene Therapeutics (company): VasGene is a Los Angeles biotech developing a soluble EphB4 decoy protein that starves tumours of blood supply and reawakens immune cells, tested with checkpoint inhibitors in bladder and head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vasgene-therapeutics.md - Veeva Systems (company): Veeva Systems, of Pleasanton, California, sells cloud software for life sciences: its Vault Clinical suite, including Vault CDMS, captures and manages trial data, and separate Vault systems cover regulatory, quality and commercial work. One vendor spanning trials, regulation and marketing raises the question of whether trial data become more shareable or more locked in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/veeva-systems.md - Velorum Therapeutics (company): Velorum is developing cancer drugs that exploit heme, the iron-carrying molecule tumours depend on in unusual ways. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/velorum-therapeutics.md - Velsera (Seven Bridges and Pierian) (company): Genomics cloud and clinical interpretation company formed from Seven Bridges, Pierian, and UgenTec in 2023; operates the NCI Cancer Genomics Cloud. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/velsera.md - Venrock (company): The Rockefeller family's venture firm, formed in 1969, which invests in technology and healthcare companies from its Palo Alto and New York offices. Its website could not be read without JavaScript. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/venrock.md - Veracyte (Decipher) (company): Veracyte makes the Decipher genomic classifier, the most-used gene-expression test in localised prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/veracyte.md - Verastem Oncology (company): RAS/MAPK-pathway company whose avutometinib + defactinib combination became the first approved treatment for KRAS-mutant low-grade serous ovarian cancer (May 2025). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/verastem.md - Vergent Bioscience (company): Vergent Bioscience is testing an injectable dye that makes lung tumours glow during keyhole and robotic surgery, so surgeons can find small or hidden tumours and check that all of the cancer has been removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vergent-bioscience.md - Verity Pharmaceuticals (company): Verity Pharmaceuticals is a Canadian specialty company that holds the US application for triptorelin (Trelstar) for advanced prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/verity-pharma.md - Versant Ventures (company): A San Francisco life sciences venture firm that builds biotech companies in its own laboratories in North America and Europe. It created the radiopharmaceutical company RayzeBio and backed Gritstone, Repare and Abdera. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/versant-ventures.md - Veru (company): Veru is a Miami company whose oncology programmes were the selective androgen receptor modulator enobosarm for AR-positive, ER-positive breast cancer and the microtubule disruptor sabizabulin for prostate cancer, which was halted in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/veru.md - Vevo Therapeutics (company): Produced Tahoe-100M, the largest single-cell drug-perturbation atlas, and trains models on it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vevo-therapeutics.md - Viatris (company): Viatris is the generics and biosimilars group formed in 2020 from Mylan and Pfizer's Upjohn; in cancer care it supplies generic chemotherapies and biosimilar trastuzumab and pegfilgrastim, and Mylan's phase 3 biosimilar trials sit under its name. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/viatris.md - Vicinity Bio (company): Vicinity Bio images tumour tissue with ultra-high-plex spatial proteomics and turns it into AI-assisted pathology reports with biomarker-based therapy guidance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vicinity-bio.md - Vida Ventures (company): Vida Ventures is a life sciences venture firm founded by scientists, physicians and investors that creates and funds biotech companies, often with partners such as MPM. Oncology dominates its portfolio: Aktis Oncology (radiopharmaceuticals), Adcendo (antibody-drug conjugates), Allogene (off-the-shelf CAR-T) and Halda Therapeutics, sold to Johnson & Johnson. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vida-ventures.md - Vion Pharmaceuticals (company): Vion was a Yale spin-out whose alkylating agent laromustine reached phase 3 in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia but was not approved; the company filed for bankruptcy in 2009. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vion-pharmaceuticals.md - Vizgen (company): Vizgen sells the MERSCOPE spatial transcriptomics platform, based on MERFISH from Xiaowei Zhuang's lab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vizgen.md - VolitionRx (company): VolitionRx develops low-cost blood tests that measure nucleosomes, the packaging units of DNA released by dying cells, to detect and monitor cancer and sepsis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/volitionrx.md - Volpara Health (company): Volpara Health made software that measures breast density from mammograms and helps clinics manage breast cancer risk and screening quality. The New Zealand company was acquired by Korean AI firm Lunit in 2024 and now operates under the Lunit brand. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/volpara-health.md - Vor Biopharma (company): Vor is a Cambridge cell-therapy company that edits the CD33 gene out of donor stem cells so that leukaemia patients can receive CD33-targeting therapy after transplant without harming their new marrow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vor-biopharma.md - Vyriad (company): Vyriad is a United States-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials in melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vyriad.md - Werewolf Therapeutics (company): Werewolf makes conditionally activated cytokines (immune signalling proteins such as interleukin-2 and interleukin-12) that are switched on inside tumours. After selling a partnered programme to Jazz, the company agreed in August 2026 to merge with a pain-drug developer, which would end its independent cancer work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/werewolf-therapeutics.md - Wigen Biomedicine Technology (Shanghai) (company): Wigen Biomedicine Technology (Shanghai) is a China-based biotechnology company running 2 late-stage cancer trials of WJB001. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wigen-biomedicine-technology-shanghai.md - Wuhan YZY Biopharma (company): YZY Biopharma is a Wuhan company listed in Hong Kong that builds bispecific antibodies, including one given directly into the abdomen to control fluid build-up from cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wuhan-yzy-biopharma.md - WuXi AppTec (company): WuXi AppTec is the contract research and manufacturing giant that makes small molecules, including ADC payloads and linkers, for much of the global cancer pipeline, and the target of the US BIOSECURE Act. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wuxi-apptec.md - WuXi Biologics (company): WuXi Biologics develops and manufactures antibodies for hundreds of clients worldwide, and its WuXi XDC unit is the largest contract maker of antibody-drug conjugates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wuxi-biologics.md - WuXi XDC (company): WuXi XDC is the largest dedicated ADC CDMO, spun out of WuXi Biologics and listed in Hong Kong in 2023; it is exposed to US BIOSECURE Act politics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wuxi-xdc.md - X-Zell (company): X-Zell isolates rare abnormal cells from a blood sample and stains and images them so a pathologist can look for signs of cancer without a tissue biopsy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/x-zell.md - XACT Robotics (company): XACT Robotics makes a small robot that attaches to the patient and, using CT scan guidance, inserts and steers a needle to a precise spot inside the body for tumour biopsies and heat-based tumour destruction, adjusting its path as the target moves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xact-robotics.md - Xaira Therapeutics (company): Launched in 2024 with over $1 billion to build AI-native drug discovery from Baker-lab protein design. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xaira-therapeutics.md - Xcision Medical Systems (company): Xcision Medical Systems makes GammaPod, a radiotherapy machine built only for early breast cancer: the patient lies face down with the breast held in a vacuum cup while rotating cobalt-60 sources focus dose on part of the breast, allowing five sessions or fewer instead of four to six weeks. It is FDA-cleared and CE-marked but used at two listed sites. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xcision-medical-systems.md - Xcovery (company): Xcovery is the Florida company that developed ensartinib, an ALK inhibitor approved by the FDA in December 2024 for ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, partnered with Betta Pharmaceuticals in China where it was approved first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xcovery.md - Xencor (company): Xencor is an antibody-engineering company (XmAb Fc technology) developing 2+1 T-cell engagers for kidney cancer (ENPP3) and ovarian/germ-cell tumours (CLDN6). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xencor.md - Xilio Therapeutics (company): Xilio designs immune-stimulating drugs, such as interleukin-2 and checkpoint antibodies, with a molecular mask that is removed only inside tumours, so they act where the cancer is and spare the rest of the body. Its newest drug combines a PD-1 antibody with masked IL-2 and has just been cleared to start trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xilio-therapeutics.md - Xilis (company): Duke spin-out whose MicroOrganoSphere droplets grow a patient's tumour and screen drugs within two weeks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xilis.md - Xuanzhu Biopharmaceutical (company): Xuanzhu Biopharmaceutical is a China-based biotechnology company running 3 late-stage cancer trials of XZP-3287 and XZP-5955 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xuanzhu-biopharmaceutical.md - Y Combinator (company): Y Combinator is the start-up accelerator that funds hundreds of new companies a year in return for a small stake. Since 2014 it has backed a steady stream of companies going after cancer, from blood tests to engineered viruses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/y-combinator.md - Y-mAbs Therapeutics (company): MSK spin-out that commercialises naxitamab, the humanised anti-GD2 antibody for relapsed neuroblastoma, and develops pretargeted radioimmunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/y-mabs.md - Yemaachi Biotech (company): Yemaachi collects and sequences cancer samples from across Africa, the most genetically diverse population on earth, so that cancer tests and drugs work for African patients too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yemaachi-biotech.md - Yuga Bio (company): Yuga Bio is an AI workspace for personalised cancer care: a patient's case wiki, agentic research on their tumour and their care team in one place, from diagnosis to treatment options. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yuga-bio.md - Zai Lab (company): Zai Lab is the in-licensing pioneer that brings Western cancer drugs to China (niraparib, zanidatamab, repotrectinib, Tumour Treating Fields) and now exports its own bispecific and ADC assets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zai-lab.md - ZAP Surgical Systems (company): ZAP Surgical makes ZAP-X, a self-shielded radiosurgery machine that aims beams from thousands of angles at brain tumours, treating brain metastases and meningiomas in one to five outpatient sessions without the concrete bunker or cobalt-60 source that older systems need. It is cleared in the US, Japan and Europe, with installations including Gustave Roussy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zap-surgical-systems.md - Zentalis Pharmaceuticals (company): Zentalis Pharmaceuticals is developing azenosertib, a pill that blocks a cell-cycle checkpoint protein called WEE1, for ovarian cancer that no longer responds to platinum chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zentalis-pharmaceuticals.md - Zeria Pharmaceutical (company): Zeria is a Tokyo pharmaceutical company founded in 1955, strongest in gastroenterology, that sponsors phase 3 cancer trials in Japan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zeria.md - Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical (company): Hisun is a large Chinese maker of active ingredients and generic injectables, founded in 1952 in Taizhou, whose biosimilar and generic cancer medicines go through the phase 3 trials it sponsors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhejiang-hisun.md - Zhuhai Yufan Biotechnologies (company): Zhuhai Yufan Biotechnologies is a Chinese developer in Zhuhai that sponsors 2 registered cancer trials of PRJ1-3024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhuhai-yufan-biotechnologies.md - zPREDICTA (company): zPREDICTA grew patient-derived tumour tissue in three-dimensional cultures that reproduce the tumour's surroundings, so drug companies could test cancer drugs on something closer to a real tumour. It was later acquired. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zpredicta.md - Zydus Lifesciences (company): Zydus Lifesciences, a large Ahmedabad drug maker founded in 1952, sells oncology generics and biosimilars in India and won US approval in October 2024 for generic enzalutamide, a hormone-blocking pill for prostate cancer. Its US generics pipeline is the route by which Indian manufacturing pressure reaches cancer drug prices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zydus.md - Zymeworks (company): Zymeworks invented zanidatamab and a hydrophilic TOP1 ADC platform (ZW191 FRα, ZW251 GPC3). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zymeworks.md ## Institutions (668) The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked. - A.C. Camargo Cancer Center (institution): Latin America's leading dedicated cancer centre, founded in 1953, with a large research institute and the region's biggest oncology residency. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ac-camargo.md - Aalborg University Hospital (institution): Aalborg University Hospital is the largest hospital in the North Denmark Region and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aalborg-university-hospital.md - Aarhus University Hospital (institution): Aarhus University Hospital hosts the Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, the national proton facility opened in 2019; its oncology department under Jens Overgaard has run the DAHANCA head and neck trials that established accelerated fractionation and the radiosensitiser nimorazole. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aarhus-university-hospital.md - Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania (institution): Where CAR-T became a drug (June, Levine; Emily Whitehead), mRNA was made druggable (Karikó, Weissman), and PARP PET was invented. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/penn-abramson.md - ACCELERATE (institution): ACCELERATE is a Brussels-based forum where children's cancer doctors, drug companies, the EMA and FDA and parents agree which new cancer drugs should be tested in children and how, so that medicines developed for adults are not left untested in childhood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/accelerate-platform.md - Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (institution): The research and development campus of Tata Memorial Centre, where India's first indigenous CAR-T therapy was developed and low-cost trials are designed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/actrec.md - Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (institution): The US agency modelled on DARPA that funds high-risk, milestone-driven health programmes, including adaptive cancer therapy, rapid tumour-removal surgery and early detection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arpa-h.md - Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (institution): Pakistan's leading private academic hospital, opened in 1985, with a comprehensive oncology service and the country's most active academic cancer research programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aku-karachi.md - Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (institution): East Africa's leading private teaching hospital, with a dedicated Heart and Cancer Centre offering radiotherapy, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aga-khan-university-hospital-nairobi.md - Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (institution): ANVISA registers medicines in Brazil, Latin America's largest market, and joined the FDA's Project Orbis in 2019; public coverage is decided separately by CONITEC, so the gap between ANVISA registration and availability in the public system is a central issue in Brazilian oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anvisa.md - Aichi Cancer Center (institution): Nagoya's prefectural cancer centre with a research institute known for cancer epidemiology, molecular carcinogenesis and gastrointestinal oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aichi-cancer-center.md - AidPort Clinical Trial Hospital (institution): A clinical trials hospital in Poznań, Poland, running cancer studies, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aidport.md - Akershus University Hospital (institution): Akershus University Hospital is a public teaching hospital in the Greater Oslo region of Norway and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/akershus-university-hospital.md - Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation (institution): The childhood cancer charity that grew from four-year-old Alex Scott's front-yard lemonade stand; it funds paediatric cancer research grants and the Childhood Cancer Data Lab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alsf.md - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (institution): AIIMS New Delhi is India's flagship public medical institute; its Rotary Cancer Hospital and the National Cancer Institute campus at Jhajjar anchor government cancer research, and its investigators lead Indian studies in paediatric oncology, gallbladder cancer, PSMA radioligand therapy and low-cost CAR-T. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aiims-delhi.md - Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology (institution): US cooperative group formed from CALGB, ACOSOG, and NCCTG; running OptimICE-pCR, which asks whether TNBC patients with a complete response still need a year of immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alliance-oncology.md - American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (institution): The AACR is the oldest and largest cancer research society; its April meeting is where early-stage science and first-in-human data appear. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aacr.md - American Society for Radiation Oncology (institution): The largest radiation oncology society, whose annual meeting, guidelines and Choosing Wisely lists drive adoption of hypofractionation and stereotactic radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/astro.md - American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (institution): ASCO is the world's largest oncology professional society; its annual meeting each June is where most practice-changing trials are first presented. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asco.md - American Society of Hematology (institution): The world's largest haematology society, whose December annual meeting is where the pivotal leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma results are first presented. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ash.md - American University of Beirut Medical Center / Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute (institution): Lebanon's leading academic medical centre, whose Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute is a regional referral centre for the Levant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aubmc-basile-cancer-institute.md - Amsterdam UMC / Cancer Center Amsterdam (institution): The merged Amsterdam university hospitals (AMC and VUmc), whose Cancer Center Amsterdam is one of the largest academic cancer research programmes in the Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amsterdam-umc.md - Anadolu Medical Center (institution): A non-profit Turkish hospital near Istanbul affiliated with Johns Hopkins Medicine, and the only centre in Turkey accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anadolu-medical-center.md - ANCHOR Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (institution): The ANCHOR Centre is NHS Grampian's cancer centre at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and one of Scotland's five regional cancer centres; it brings oncology, haematology and chemotherapy day care under one roof for Grampian, Orkney and Shetland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anchor-centre-aberdeen.md - Anti-Cancer Center of Blida (institution): Algeria's specialised anti-cancer hospital in Blida, south of Algiers, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blida-anti-cancer-center.md - ANZUP Cancer Trials Group (institution): The Australian genitourinary trials group behind TheraP and proPSMA, the trials that put PSMA imaging and lutetium-PSMA therapy on the map. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anzup.md - AP-HP Henri-Mondor University Hospitals Cancer Institute (institution): The cancer institute of the Henri-Mondor university hospitals in Créteil, south-east of Paris, one of the Paris public hospital group's cancer institutes and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/henri-mondor.md - AP-HP Paris-Saclay University Hospitals Cancer Institute (institution): The cancer institute of the Paris public hospitals' Paris-Saclay group, anchored at Hôpital Bicêtre south of Paris, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aphp-paris-saclay-cancer-institute.md - Apollo Hospitals (Apollo Cancer Centres) (institution): India's largest private hospital group, which opened South Asia's first proton therapy centre in Chennai in 2019 and runs cancer centres across the country. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apollo-hospitals.md - Arc Institute (institution): The Arc Institute is a well-funded nonprofit research institute building 'virtual cell' AI models and the datasets to train them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arc-institute.md - ARCAGY-GINECO (institution): The French gynaecologic cancer trials group that led PAOLA-1, the trial adding olaparib to bevacizumab maintenance in ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arcagy-gineco.md - Asan Medical Center (institution): Asan Medical Center is Korea's largest hospital and a global leader in liver transplantation and gastric cancer surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asan-medical-center.md - ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia (institution): One of Italy's largest public hospitals, the teaching hospital of the University of Brescia and an OECI Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spedali-civili-brescia.md - Asthra Health (institution): Asthra Health, led by the neuro-oncologist Santosh Kesari in Santa Monica, gives outside clinical opinions on complex cancer cases with AI-assisted precision medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asthra-health.md - Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): North Carolina's third NCI comprehensive centre, a national research base for cancer control and survivorship and a pioneer of tumour organoids. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wake-forest-cancer.md - Auckland City Hospital / Te Pūriri o Te Ora Cancer and Blood Service (institution): New Zealand's largest hospital and cancer service, working with the University of Auckland's Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, which developed hypoxia-activated and DNA-targeting anticancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/auckland-city-hospital.md - AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia (institution): The Reggio Emilia health authority and its Santa Maria Nuova hospital, an IRCCS for advanced technologies and care models in oncology and an OECI Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ausl-irccs-reggio-emilia.md - Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (institution): Australia and New Zealand's gastrointestinal cancer trials group, running practice-informing trials in gastric, oesophageal, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, including ctDNA-guided adjuvant studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/agitg.md - Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (institution): Austria's academic breast and colorectal trials group, whose bone-targeted and extended endocrine therapy trials changed breast cancer practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abcsg.md - AZ Groeninge Kortrijk Cancer Centre (institution): A large Flemish general hospital whose cancer centre holds OECI Cancer Centre accreditation, one of the few non-university hospitals in Europe to do so. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/az-groeninge-kortrijk.md - Bahrain Oncology Center, King Hamad University Hospital (institution): Bahrain's national cancer centre, part of King Hamad University Hospital, offering radiotherapy, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in the kingdom. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bahrain-oncology-centre.md - Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre (institution): The Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre in Nicosia is Cyprus's main non-profit cancer treatment centre and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bank-of-cyprus-oncology-centre.md - Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute (institution): Detroit's NCI comprehensive cancer centre, where the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was derived in 1973, now part of McLaren Health Care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karmanos.md - Barts Cancer Institute / Barts Health NHS Trust (institution): London's oldest hospital paired with Queen Mary's cancer institute, known for pancreatic cancer, blood cancers and tumour microenvironment research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/barts-cancer-institute.md - BC Cancer (institution): British Columbia's provincial cancer agency, a world leader in cancer genomics (Personalized OncoGenomics), lymphoma research and HPV-based cervical screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bc-cancer.md - Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre / CRUK Scotland Institute (institution): Scotland's largest cancer centre, named after the surgeon who first used endocrine therapy for breast cancer, next to a leading cancer biology institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beatson-glasgow.md - Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre (institution): Beaumont Hospital's designated cancer centre with the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, home of Ireland's national neurosurgery centre and accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beaumont-rcsi-cancer-centre.md - Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (institution): The Slovak Academy of Sciences' biomedical research centre in Bratislava, which includes the Cancer Research Institute, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biomedical-research-center-sas.md - Bowelbabe Fund for Cancer Research UK (institution): The fund Dame Deborah James launched in the last weeks of her life; a restricted fund within Cancer Research UK, it has raised £21 million and backed 16 research projects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bowelbabe-fund.md - BP - A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (institution): A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, founded in 1859, is one of Latin America's largest hospital complexes; its oncology centre and IEP-BP research institute make it a frequent Brazilian site for international phase 3 oncology trials, and it hosts a large oncology residency. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bp-beneficencia-portuguesa.md - Breast Cancer Research Foundation (institution): The largest private funder of breast cancer research worldwide, giving annual grants to more than 250 investigators across the field's leading centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcrf.md - Breast Cancer Trials (institution): The Australian and New Zealand breast cancer trials group, a Breast International Group partner in SOFT/TEXT, APHINITY, OlympiA and POSITIVE. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-cancer-trials.md - Breast International Group (BIG) (institution): The Breast International Group is the umbrella for 50+ academic breast cancer groups worldwide and co-sponsor of OlympiA, APHINITY, and HERA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/big.md - Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre (institution): The regional cancer centre for Bristol and the south west of England, run by University Hospitals Bristol and Weston. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bristol-haematology-oncology-centre.md - Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (institution): The Broad Institute is the genomics powerhouse behind DepMap, cBioPortal co-development, and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/broad-institute.md - Brussels Cancer Centre (UZ Brussel) (institution): Brussels Cancer Centre is the cancer centre of UZ Brussel, the university hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Jette, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uz-brussel-cancer-centre.md - Bulgarian Joint Cancer Network (BJCN) (institution): A national network of Bulgarian cancer hospitals and specialists based in Sofia, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bjcn.md - Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (institution): Rwanda's first cancer centre, opened in 2012 in a rural district hospital by Partners In Health and the Rwandan government, proving that complex cancer care can be delivered in low-income settings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/butaro-cancer-center.md - Canadian Cancer Society (institution): Canada's national cancer charity and largest charitable funder of cancer research, which also core-funds the Canadian Cancer Trials Group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/canadian-cancer-society.md - Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG) (institution): Canada's national academic trials group, which ran the CHALLENGE exercise trial and co-led the SABR-COMET oligometastasis trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cctg.md - Cancer Care Alberta (Alberta Health Services) (institution): Alberta's provincial cancer programme, anchored by Calgary's new Arthur J.E. Child Comprehensive Cancer Centre and Edmonton's Cross Cancer Institute, birthplace of the linac-MR. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-care-alberta.md - Cancer Center at Illinois (institution): An engineering-led NCI basic cancer centre at the University of Illinois, working on chemical imaging of tissue, new anticancer chemistry and comparative oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-center-at-illinois.md - Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra / CIMA (institution): The University of Navarra's cancer centre in Pamplona and Madrid, known for myeloma, immunotherapy research and one of Spain's first proton therapy units. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cun-navarra.md - Cancer Council Australia (institution): Australia's federated cancer charity, which funds research, writes national clinical guidelines and runs the prevention campaigns behind Australia's falling smoking and melanoma rates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-council-australia.md - Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka (institution): Zambia's national cancer hospital and its only public radiotherapy centre, on the University Teaching Hospital campus in Lusaka. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-diseases-hospital-lusaka.md - Cancer Free Future Association (CFFA) (institution): A Romanian association based in Cluj-Napoca working on cancer prevention and patient support, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-free-future-association.md - Cancer Grand Challenges (institution): A Cancer Research UK and US National Cancer Institute partnership that gives up to £20 million to global teams to tackle a named cancer problem no single lab could solve. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-grand-challenges.md - Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (institution): The CAMS Cancer Hospital is China's national cancer centre, leading regulatory-grade trials of domestic ADCs and PD-1 antibodies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cams-cancer-hospital.md - Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar (institution): India's second oldest cancer hospital (1954), founded by Muthulakshmi Reddy and led for decades by V. Shanta, and the home of India's first population cancer registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-institute-adyar.md - Cancer Institute AP-HP Nord, Université Paris Cité (institution): The northern Paris university hospital cancer institute of AP-HP, built around Hôpital Saint-Louis, Europe's historic home of bone marrow transplantation, and accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aphp-nord-cancer-institute.md - Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR (institution): The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR is Japan's oldest cancer institute (1908), strong in gastric cancer surgery and breast oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jfcr.md - Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (institution): Iran's oldest and largest cancer centre, founded in 1955 within Tehran's Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, and the country's main oncology training and research hub. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tehran-cancer-institute.md - Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (institution): The Texas state agency created by voters in 2007 that is the second-largest public funder of cancer research in the US after the NCI. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cprit.md - Cancer Research UK (institution): Cancer Research UK is the world's largest independent cancer research charity, funding the Crick, ICR, Manchester, Cambridge, and the STAMPEDE and TRACERx trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cruk.md - Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre / CRUK Cambridge Institute (institution): The Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre unites the university, Addenbrooke's and the CRUK Cambridge Institute; its landmark work includes METABRIC breast cancer genomics, the circulating tumour DNA methods behind Inivata, and the Cytosponge test for oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cruk-cambridge-centre.md - Cancer Research UK City of London Centre (institution): The Cancer Research UK City of London Centre brings UCL, King's College London, Barts Cancer Institute and the Francis Crick Institute into one partnership focused on cancer biotherapeutics: cell and gene therapies, antibodies and immunotherapy, with shared manufacturing and trial platforms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cruk-city-of-london-centre.md - Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre (institution): The CRUK Centre run jointly by The Institute of Cancer Research and Imperial College London to bring engineering, physical sciences and AI to cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cruk-convergence-science-centre.md - Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (institution): The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute sits beside The Christie; Caroline Dive's group pioneered small-cell lung cancer models grown from circulating tumour cells and leads the circulating tumour DNA work of TRACERx, and the institute anchors the Manchester Cancer Research Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cruk-manchester-institute.md - CancerCare Manitoba (institution): Manitoba's provincial cancer agency, responsible for cancer and blood disorder services across the province, with its own research institute in Winnipeg. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancercare-manitoba.md - Capio S:t Göran's Hospital (institution): A privately run emergency hospital in Stockholm working within the Swedish public system, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capio-st-goran.md - Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): The NCI comprehensive consortium uniting Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/case-ccc.md - Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) (institution): Catalonia's public cancer institute, created in 1995, running cancer centres in L'Hospitalet, Badalona and Girona and accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ico-catalonia.md - CeCurio (MVZ Tübingen oncology) (institution): CeCurio, the oncology and haematology practice of MVZ Tübingen, offers personalised peptide vaccines built with the sequencing laboratory CeGaT, with real-world survival data in glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cecurio.md - Cedars-Sinai Cancer (institution): Los Angeles's largest non-profit hospital's cancer enterprise, known for bladder cancer biology, glioma immunotherapy and the Molecular Twin AI project. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cedars-sinai-cancer.md - Center for Metabolic Oncology (institution): The Center for Metabolic Oncology is a physician-led practice in Franklin, Tennessee that adds exercise, nutrition, sleep, stress and ketogenic interventions to standard cancer care, for prevention, treatment support and recovery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/center-for-metabolic-oncology.md - Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (institution): India's national drug regulator, headed by the Drugs Controller General of India, which approves new cancer drugs and oversees the generics and biosimilars industry that supplies much of the world. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdsco.md - Centre Antoine Lacassagne (institution): Nice's cancer centre and a proton therapy pioneer in France, treating eye melanoma with protons since 1991. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-antoine-lacassagne.md - Centre Eugène Marquis (institution): The Unicancer cancer centre for Brittany in Rennes, accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-eugene-marquis.md - Centre François Baclesse (institution): The Unicancer cancer centre for Lower Normandy, an OECI Comprehensive Cancer Centre and the base for Normandy's proton therapy programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-francois-baclesse.md - Centre Georges-François Leclerc (institution): The Centre Georges-François Leclerc is the Unicancer comprehensive cancer centre in Dijon, Burgundy, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-georges-francois-leclerc.md - Centre Henri Becquerel (institution): Centre Henri Becquerel is the Unicancer centre for Rouen and Upper Normandy; its unusually large haematology department and its lymphoma group, linked to the LYSA cooperative group, have led practice-changing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma trials, and OECI accredits it as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-henri-becquerel.md - Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) (institution): The CHUM is the Université de Montréal's adult teaching hospital; Bertrand Routy's 2018 work here showed that gut bacteria shape response to checkpoint inhibitors, Fred Saad co-led prostate cancer trials such as PROpel, and it runs Quebec's largest oncology trial programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chum.md - Centre Jean Perrin (institution): The Unicancer cancer centre for the Auvergne region, accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-jean-perrin.md - Centre Léon Bérard (institution): Lyon's cancer centre, a world reference for sarcoma and rare cancers, led by Jean-Yves Blay, who also presides over UNICANCER. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-leon-berard.md - Centre Oscar Lambret (institution): The regional cancer centre for northern France, known for paediatric oncology, sarcoma, gynaecological cancers and radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centre-oscar-lambret.md - Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) (institution): The national cancer institute of north-east Italy in Aviano, an IRCCS accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cro-aviano.md - Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (HM CIOCC) (institution): Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal is the private comprehensive cancer centre of the HM Hospitales group at HM Sanchinarro in Madrid, with a large early-phase trials unit, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clara-campal-oncology-centre.md - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) (institution): Spain's national cancer research centre, founded by RAS pioneer Mariano Barbacid and known for oncogene, telomere and senescence biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cnio.md - Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Clinical Centre (institution): Lisbon's private research foundation and clinic, known for advanced breast cancer guidelines, digestive cancer surgery and cancer-neuroscience research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/champalimaud.md - Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (institution): The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative's network of research institutes building cell atlases, imaging and AI tools that cancer researchers rely on, including the Tabula Sapiens single-cell atlas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cz-biohub.md - Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (institution): Chang Gung Memorial Hospital's Linkou campus is Taiwan's largest hospital; it treats the betel-quid-related oral and head and neck cancers that dominate Taiwan's disease burden, opened Taiwan's first proton therapy centre in 2015, and performs liver transplantation for liver cancer at Kaohsiung. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chang-gung-memorial-hospital.md - Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Irvine (institution): Orange County's NCI comprehensive cancer centre, pairing UCI Health clinical care with the Beckman Laser Institute's optical imaging science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uci-chao.md - Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (institution): Charité is Europe's largest university hospital, with a Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Berlin Institute of Health. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charite.md - Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital / University of the Witwatersrand (institution): Johannesburg's flagship academic hospital and Wits University's oncology hub, running South Africa's largest public radiation and medical oncology service and pioneering African cancer cohorts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wits-charlotte-maxeke.md - Cheshire and Merseyside Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Cheshire and Merseyside, including Liverpool, Wirral, Warrington and Chester: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cheshire-merseyside-cancer-alliance.md - Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (institution): The UK and Ireland's professional body and trials network for children's cancer; nearly every child treated for cancer in the UK is cared for by a CCLG centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cclg.md - Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 (institution): One of the world's largest paediatric cancer hospitals, built entirely through public donations and treating Egyptian children with cancer free of charge since 2007. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cche-57357.md - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (institution): The children's hospital where CAR-T therapy first cured a child's leukaemia (Emily Whitehead, 2012) and where neuroblastoma genomics found ALK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chop.md - Children's Oncology Group (COG) (institution): The Children's Oncology Group is the world's largest paediatric cancer trials organisation; most children with cancer in North America are treated on or according to a COG protocol. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/childrens-oncology-group.md - China Anti-Cancer Association (institution): The China Anti-Cancer Association is the country's largest cancer society, publishing the CACA guidelines that aim to reflect Chinese patients and Chinese drugs rather than imported recommendations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caca.md - Chinese PLA General Hospital (institution): China's military flagship hospital, known in oncology for early CAR-T and gene-edited T-cell trials, minimally invasive liver surgery and nuclear medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pla-general-hospital.md - Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (institution): China's clinical oncology society, whose annual meeting and disease guidelines are the reference for treatment in the world's largest cancer patient population. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/csco.md - Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (institution): CTONG is the cooperative group of Chinese lung cancer trialists, founded by Yi-Long Wu, whose trials on EGFR-targeted pills before and after surgery changed practice worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctong.md - Chongqing University Cancer Hospital (institution): Chongqing University Cancer Hospital is the main cancer centre for south-west China's largest city and a growing site for domestic trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chongqing-university-cancer-hospital.md - Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (institution): One of the largest hospitals in the world, in Soweto, and a University of the Witwatersrand teaching hospital with a large medical oncology and paediatric oncology service. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chris-hani-baragwanath.md - Chris O'Brien Lifehouse (institution): Sydney's not-for-profit comprehensive cancer hospital, founded in memory of head and neck surgeon Chris O'Brien and integrated with Royal Prince Alfred and the University of Sydney. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chris-obrien-lifehouse.md - Christian Medical College, Vellore (institution): A mission hospital and medical college with India's leading haematology department, known for low-cost bone marrow transplant, gene therapy research and paediatric leukaemia care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cmc-vellore.md - CHU de Québec - Université Laval (institution): Quebec City's university hospital network, whose L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec site is the cancer centre for eastern Quebec. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chu-de-quebec.md - Chulabhorn Hospital / Chulabhorn Royal Academy (institution): A royal-founded cancer hospital in Bangkok specialising in advanced diagnostics and nuclear medicine, home to Thailand's first cyclotron-based PET and radioligand therapy programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chulabhorn-hospital.md - City of Hope (institution): Los Angeles cancer centre where synthetic insulin and humanised antibodies were developed; a CAR-T manufacturing leader. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/city-of-hope.md - City of Hope Orange County (institution): City of Hope's Orange County campus, opened in 2022 to bring NCI comprehensive centre-level cancer care and trials to Irvine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/city-of-hope-orange-county.md - Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (institution): The Gulf's most advanced private academic hospital, whose Fatima bint Mubarak Center opened in 2023 as the UAE's first integrated cancer centre with proton therapy planned. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cleveland-clinic-abu-dhabi.md - Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute (institution): Cleveland Clinic is a top US hospital with a Comprehensive Cancer Center (with Case Western) and a TNBC preventive vaccine programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cleveland-clinic.md - Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (institution): The non-profit that writes the clinical trial data standards (SDTM, ADaM, CDASH) that FDA, PMDA and NMPA require for every cancer drug submission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdisc.md - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (institution): Basic-science cancer centre where RAS biology, tumour suppressors, and organoid models were advanced. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cold-spring-harbor.md - Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (institution): Mexico's federal health regulator, which registers cancer medicines and has adopted reliance on FDA and EMA approvals to speed access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cofepris.md - Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF) (institution): Freiburg's university cancer centre, known for transplant immunology, graft-versus-host disease research and PSMA-PET-guided radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ccc-freiburg.md - Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg (institution): The university where Röntgen discovered X-rays, now a world centre for CAR-T and bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma under Hermann Einsele. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ccc-wuerzburg.md - Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart (institution): The CCC Tübingen-Stuttgart is where Hans-Georg Rammensee's group mapped tumour-presented HLA peptides and spawned Immatics and CureVac; its dermatology clinic is one of Europe's largest melanoma centres and its imaging centre pioneered combined PET/MRI. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ccc-tuebingen.md - Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna / AKH (institution): Austria's leading academic cancer centre at the Vienna General Hospital, known for the ABCSG breast trials, brain metastasis research and the MedAustron ion therapy centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ccc-vienna.md - Cork University Hospital / UCC Cancer Centre (institution): The largest hospital in Ireland and the designated cancer centre for the south of the country, accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre with University College Cork. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cork-university-hospital.md - Curanosticum Wiesbaden-Frankfurt (institution): Curanosticum is a nuclear medicine practice in Wiesbaden and Frankfurt led by Richard Baum, one of the pioneers of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, offering FAPI PET and investigational radioligand therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curanosticum.md - Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (institution): A New York foundation that has funded early-career cancer scientists since 1946; its alumni include a dozen Nobel laureates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/damon-runyon.md - Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine (institution): Baylor's Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center sits in Houston's Texas Medical Center; its Center for Cell and Gene Therapy pioneered virus-specific T cells and ran the first GD2 CAR-T trial in neuroblastoma in 2008, and its genome centre sequenced tumours for The Cancer Genome Atlas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/baylor-duncan.md - Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center (institution): Where chemotherapy began (Farber, 1948) and where much of modern breast, lung, and myeloma oncology was defined. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dana-farber.md - Dartmouth Cancer Center (institution): Dartmouth Cancer Center serves rural northern New England as an NCI comprehensive centre; its immunologists founded Medarex, whose human antibody platform produced ipilimumab and nivolumab, and the Dartmouth Institute's work on overdiagnosis has shaped the cancer screening debate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dartmouth-cancer-center.md - David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT (institution): MIT's cancer research institute, where the first human oncogene and RB were found and where biology meets engineering; Moderna's academic root. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mit-koch.md - Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center (institution): One of Israel's largest cancer centres, at the Clalit-run Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson) near Tel Aviv. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rabin-davidoff-center.md - Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (institution): The government department that funds India's life-science institutes and, through BIRAC, the start-ups behind the country's indigenous CAR-T therapies and HPV vaccine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dbt-india.md - Deutsche Krebshilfe (institution): Deutsche Krebshilfe, founded in 1974 by Mildred Scheel, is Germany's largest donation-funded cancer charity; since 2007 it has funded and audited the Oncology Centres of Excellence network that certifies Germany's comprehensive cancer centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deutsche-krebshilfe.md - Dharmais National Cancer Center (institution): Indonesia's national cancer centre and referral hospital, coordinating cancer registration, screening and treatment standards for the world's fourth most populous country. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dharmais-cancer-hospital.md - Docrates Cancer Center (institution): Docrates is a private cancer clinic in Helsinki, founded in 2009, that serves international patients with diagnostics, treatment and follow-up under one personal care team. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/docrates.md - Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology (institution): Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology is the oncology institute of Dokuz Eylül University in İzmir, combining cancer research with graduate training, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dokuz-eylul-institute-of-oncology.md - Duke Cancer Institute (institution): One of the original NCI comprehensive centres (1973), famous for brain tumour research including the polio-virus immunotherapy for glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/duke-cancer-institute.md - East Midlands Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the East Midlands, including Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/east-midlands-cancer-alliance.md - East of England Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the East of England, from Norfolk and Suffolk through Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire to Essex: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/east-of-england-cancer-alliance.md - East Tallinn Central Hospital (institution): East Tallinn Central Hospital is a Tallinn hospital providing cancer care and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/east-tallinn-central-hospital.md - ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (institution): US cooperative group that pairs a therapy group with an imaging group; its E1910 trial moved blinatumomab into frontline leukaemia treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ecog-acrin.md - Edinburgh Cancer Centre / CRUK Scotland Centre (institution): Edinburgh's cancer centre at the Western General, backed by the university's Institute of Genetics and Cancer and known for breast, colorectal genetics and brain tumour research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/edinburgh-cancer-centre.md - Ellison Institute of Technology (institution): Larry Ellison's research institute, which began in 2016 as a cancer-care institute in Los Angeles and is building a campus at Oxford with a £130 million alliance with the university. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ellison-institute.md - EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (institution): Europe's public data institute for molecular biology, running Ensembl, ChEMBL, Europe PMC, the European Genome-phenome Archive and Open Targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/embl-ebi.md - Emerson Collective (institution): Laurene Powell Jobs's philanthropic and investment organisation, whose health programme funds cancer research collaborations and immunotherapy science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emerson-collective.md - EORTC (institution): EORTC is Europe's academic cancer trials organisation and has run practice-changing trials since 1962. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curie-nki-eortc.md - Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (institution): Rotterdam's OECI-accredited comprehensive cancer centre, where peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium-177 was pioneered and Europe's largest screening trials were led. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erasmus-mc.md - ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation (institution): The Bern-based foundation that unites the International Breast Cancer Study Group (SOFT, TEXT, POSITIVE) and the European Thoracic Oncology Platform. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/etop-ibcsg.md - European Association for Cancer Research (institution): Europe's professional society for cancer researchers, running the EACR Congress and the open-access journal Molecular Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eacr.md - European Association of Nuclear Medicine (institution): Europe's nuclear medicine society, whose congress and guidelines shaped the clinical adoption of PSMA PET and lutetium radioligand therapy that began in European centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eanm.md - European Cancer Organisation (institution): The Brussels-based federation of European oncology societies and patient groups that speaks for the whole cancer community on policy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ecco.md - European Hematology Association (institution): Europe's haematology society, whose June congress is the second global venue for blood cancer trials and whose guidelines and curriculum shape European haematology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eha.md - European Medicines Agency (institution): The EU agency whose Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use recommends the marketing authorisations for cancer drugs across all member states. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ema.md - European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (institution): The European clinical nutrition society whose guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients define screening for malnutrition and the treatment of cachexia in oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/espen.md - European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) (institution): ESMO is Europe's oncology society, known for its Congress each autumn and the ESMO-MCBS scale for grading the value of new drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esmo.md - European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (institution): Europe's radiation oncology society, running the ESTRO congress, a school that trains much of the world's radiotherapy workforce, and the standards behind brachytherapy and adaptive radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/estro.md - European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (institution): Europe's gynaecologic oncology society, whose joint guidelines with ESTRO and ESP and its centre accreditation programme set European standards for ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esgo.md - European Society of Surgical Oncology (institution): Europe's surgical oncology society, which runs the ESSO congress and courses and sets the European curriculum and examination for cancer surgeons. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esso.md - Excel Diagnostics and Nuclear Oncology Center (institution): Excel Diagnostics is a Houston nuclear medicine centre offering molecular imaging and radioligand therapies, bookable through an oncology referral. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/excel-diagnostics-nuclear-oncology.md - FAVO, Italian Federation of Voluntary Associations in Oncology (institution): Italy's federation of cancer patient and volunteer associations, based in Rome, which publishes an annual report on the condition of people with cancer and is an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/favo.md - FDA Oncology Center of Excellence (institution): The US regulator's oncology hub, which approves cancer drugs, runs accelerated approval and Project Orbis, and is pushing better dose-finding through Project Optimus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fda-oce.md - Finnish Cancer Center (FICAN) (institution): Finland's national cancer centre, a network of the five university hospital regions coordinated from Helsinki, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fican.md - First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (institution): The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, founded in 1910, is South China's largest general hospital and the surgical counterpart to SYSUCC; its surgeons ran the CLASS laparoscopic gastrectomy trials and it leads Chinese studies of perioperative immunotherapy in gastric cancer and organ preservation in rectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sysu-first-affiliated-hospital.md - Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (institution): France's largest charitable foundation devoted entirely to cancer research, funding laboratory and clinical projects across the country. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fondation-arc.md - Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro (institution): Italy's main charitable funder of cancer research, supporting thousands of investigators at IEO, the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori and universities nationwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/airc.md - Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (institution): The Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori is Italy's national cancer institute and a leader in sarcoma, thoracic oncology, and immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/int-milan.md - Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (institution): The Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia, founded in 1449, is one of Italy's oldest and largest teaching hospitals and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/policlinico-san-matteo.md - Fondazione Poliambulanza (institution): Fondazione Poliambulanza is a non-profit hospital in Brescia, northern Italy, with a cancer programme, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fondazione-poliambulanza.md - Fondazione The Bridge (institution): A Milan-based foundation working on health policy, patient rights and research in cancer, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fondazione-the-bridge.md - Fox Chase Cancer Center (institution): Philadelphia's free-standing cancer centre, where the Philadelphia chromosome, the two-hit hypothesis and hepatitis B were discovered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fox-chase.md - Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (institution): Nebraska's NCI-designated centre, a longstanding leader in lymphoma classification and transplant and in pancreatic cancer early detection research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nebraska-buffett.md - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (institution): Birthplace of bone marrow transplantation (Thomas, Nobel 1990) and a CAR-T pioneer (Riddell). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fred-hutch.md - Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (institution): The only US national laboratory dedicated to biomedical research, run for the NCI; home of the RAS Initiative and NCI's experimental drug manufacturing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frederick-national-lab.md - Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (institution): Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center is China's leading breast cancer centre and the site of first-in-human TROP2 PET imaging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fuscc.md - Fundación Arturo López Pérez (institution): Chile's largest dedicated cancer institute, a non-profit foundation founded in 1954 and the country's most active site for oncology trials and advanced radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/falp-chile.md - Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO) (institution): A private non-profit dedicated cancer hospital in Valencia, accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ivo-valencia.md - Fundación Valle del Lili (institution): Colombia's leading private university hospital, in Cali, with a comprehensive cancer institute and a busy clinical trials centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fundacion-valle-del-lili.md - Garvan Institute of Medical Research / Kinghorn Cancer Centre (institution): One of Australia's leading genomics institutes, whose Kinghorn Cancer Centre with St Vincent's pioneered genomics-guided treatment of pancreatic cancer and rare tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/garvan-institute.md - Gates Foundation (institution): The world's largest private foundation; its cancer work focuses on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer elimination in low- and middle-income countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gates-foundation.md - GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group (institution): Spain's national breast cancer research group, running adjuvant chemotherapy, endocrine and CDK4/6 inhibitor trials across more than 200 hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geicam.md - Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss / IQWiG (institution): Germany's decision-making body for what statutory insurance covers (G-BA) and the institute that assesses added benefit of new drugs (IQWiG), which together set cancer drug prices under the AMNOG process. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/g-ba-iqwig.md - Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) (institution): Geneva University Hospitals form part of the Swiss Cancer Center Léman with Lausanne; Denis Migliorini's neuro-oncology group develops CAR-T cells against glioblastoma, one of Europe's first academic efforts, and the hospital houses Switzerland's oldest population-based cancer registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hug-geneva.md - Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): The only NCI comprehensive cancer centre in Washington, DC, known for breast cancer research including leadership of the CLEOPATRA pertuzumab trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/georgetown-lombardi.md - German Breast Group (GBG) (institution): The German academic group whose GeparX trials established carboplatin and neoadjuvant strategies in triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gbg.md - German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (institution): The DKFZ is Germany's largest cancer research institute, where Harald zur Hausen linked HPV to cervical cancer (Nobel 2008). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dkfz.md - German Hodgkin Study Group (institution): The Cologne-based group whose HD trials, from BEACOPP to BrECADD in HD21, have set the standard for treating Hodgkin lymphoma for four decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ghsg.md - German Lymphoma Alliance (institution): Germany's aggressive lymphoma trials group, formerly DSHNHL, whose MInT, RICOVER-60 and FLYER trials set how many cycles of R-CHOP patients need. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/german-lymphoma-alliance.md - German Oncology Center (institution): German Oncology Center is a private cancer centre in Limassol offering radiotherapy, medical oncology and diagnostics, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/german-oncology-center-limassol.md - Ghent University Hospital / Cancer Research Institute Ghent (institution): Ghent's OECI-accredited university cancer centre, known for neuroblastoma genomics, early-phase trials and immuno-oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uz-gent.md - GIMEMA (institution): Italy's adult haematology trials group, famous for making acute promyelocytic leukaemia curable without chemotherapy and for chemotherapy-free Philadelphia-positive ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gimema.md - GOG Foundation (institution): The US gynaecologic oncology trials organisation whose GOG-3000-series trials with industry brought immunotherapy into endometrial and cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gog-foundation.md - Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (institution): London's children's hospital, where gene-edited 'universal' CAR-T cells were first given to a child with leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/great-ormond-street.md - Greater Manchester Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the ten boroughs of Greater Manchester: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/greater-manchester-cancer-alliance.md - Greater Poland Cancer Centre (institution): Poznań's regional cancer centre, founded in 1953, with radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and a medical physics research tradition, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/greater-poland-cancer-centre.md - Groote Schuur Hospital / University of Cape Town (institution): South Africa's most famous academic hospital, site of the first heart transplant, and with UCT a leading African centre for cancer research, radiation oncology and oesophageal and cervical cancer studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/groote-schuur-uct.md - Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (institution): Home of the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, where Yi-Long Wu's group ran the trials that made EGFR-mutant lung cancer a targeted-therapy disease in Asia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/guangdong-provincial-peoples-hospital.md - Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center (institution): The first compact university-based carbon-ion therapy centre in Japan, treating prostate, liver, lung and bone and soft-tissue tumours since 2010. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gunma-heavy-ion-medical-center.md - Gustave Roussy (institution): Gustave Roussy, outside Paris, is Europe's largest cancer centre; its DITEP phase 1 unit and its breast antibody-drug conjugate and immunotherapy trials (trastuzumab deruxtecan, datopotamab deruxtecan) make it a lead site for industry studies, and it created the ESMO-MCBS scale for grading how much benefit a new drug offers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gustave-roussy.md - Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust / King's Health Partners Cancer Centre (institution): South London's cancer centre with King's College London, strong in breast and prostate cancer, radiotherapy and large screening trials such as NHS-Galleri. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/guys-st-thomas.md - Hacettepe University Cancer Institute (institution): Turkey's pioneering academic cancer institute in Ankara, with strong paediatric oncology, radiation oncology and preventive oncology programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hacettepe-cancer-institute.md - Hadassah Medical Center (institution): Jerusalem's university hospital and Sharett Institute of Oncology, known for in-house CAR-T, BRCA founder mutation research and melanoma immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hadassah.md - Hamad Medical Corporation / National Center for Cancer Care and Research (institution): Qatar's public health system, whose National Center for Cancer Care and Research is the country's sole comprehensive cancer centre and the hub of its national cancer strategy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hamad-medical-corporation.md - Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern (institution): North Texas's NCI comprehensive centre, where the HIF-2 inhibitor belzutifan, stereotactic body radiotherapy and the cGAS-STING pathway were born. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/utsw-simmons.md - Haukeland University Hospital (institution): Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen is Norway's largest hospital by number of patients and the cancer centre for western Norway, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/haukeland-university-hospital.md - Haute Autorité de Santé (institution): France's health technology assessment authority, whose Transparency Committee rates the added clinical benefit of each new cancer drug and so sets its price and reimbursement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/has-france.md - Health Canada (institution): Canada's federal health department and drug regulator, which authorises cancer medicines and works with the provinces and Canada's Drug Agency on reimbursement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/health-canada.md - HealthCare Global Enterprises (institution): India's largest private cancer hospital network, with dozens of centres across South Asia and Africa and an early lead in CyberKnife, PET-CT and molecular diagnostics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hcg.md - Heart and Brain Hospital, Pleven (institution): A multi-specialty hospital in Pleven, Bulgaria, with a cancer centre, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/heart-and-brain-pleven.md - Heidelberg University Hospital / NCT / DKFZ (institution): Heidelberg is Germany's cancer research capital, home to the DKFZ (largest cancer research institute in Germany) and the NCT, and the birthplace of FAPI PET and the brain tumour methylation classifier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/heidelberg-nct.md - Hellenic Cancer Federation (ELLOK) (institution): Greece's national federation of cancer patient organisations, based in Athens, which represents patients in policy and is an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hellenic-cancer-federation.md - Henan Cancer Hospital (institution): The cancer hospital for China's most populous province, known worldwide for oesophageal cancer research in the high-incidence Taihang Mountain region. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/henan-cancer-hospital.md - Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University (institution): Columbia's Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center in Upper Manhattan has held NCI designation since 1972; its scientists defined the genetic lesions of B-cell lymphoma, discovered and named ferroptosis in 2012, and spun out the systems biology company DarwinHealth, while Dawn Hershman leads SWOG's cancer care delivery research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/columbia-hicc.md - Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital (institution): The large Copenhagen University Hospital site at Herlev, opened in 1976, home to one of Denmark's biggest cancer departments and part of the Copenhagen Comprehensive Cancer Center, a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/herlev-hospital.md - Histiocyte Society (institution): The international society of doctors and scientists who study histiocytic disorders; its LCH trials, run since the 1990s, set the worldwide standard for treating Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histiocyte-society.md - HL7 International (institution): The standards body behind FHIR, the healthcare data interface now used to pull oncology records into trials, registries and AI tools, and home of the mCODE cancer data standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hl7.md - Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital (institution): Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital is the referral cancer centre for southern Vietnam and one of the busiest cancer hospitals in South-east Asia; it opened a second campus in Thu Duc in 2020 to relieve overcrowding and runs the city's population-based cancer registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hcmc-oncology-hospital.md - Hokkaido University Hospital (institution): Sapporo's university hospital, which pioneered real-time tumour-tracking radiotherapy and gated proton therapy with Hitachi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hokkaido-university-hospital.md - Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa (institution): Iowa's only NCI-designated centre, home to the national neuroendocrine tumour SPORE and pharmacological ascorbate research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iowa-holden.md - Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi (institution): Tata Memorial Centre's two hospitals in Varanasi bring comprehensive cancer care to the Gangetic plain, one of the most under-served and highest-burden regions in India for oral, cervical and gallbladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/homi-bhabha-cancer-hospital-varanasi.md - Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont / CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (institution): The east Montreal university hospital that runs Quebec's largest stem cell transplant and cell therapy programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ciusss-emtl-maisonneuve-rosemont.md - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona / IDIBAPS (institution): Barcelona's university hospital, home of the BCLC liver cancer staging system, the first European academic CAR-T and leading breast and lymphoma genomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospital-clinic-barcelona.md - Hospital Clínico San Carlos (institution): The Complutense University's teaching hospital in Madrid, on its 1951 site, with a large cancer service, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinico-san-carlos.md - Hospital de Amor (Barretos Cancer Hospital) (institution): A philanthropic cancer hospital in rural São Paulo state that treats entirely through Brazil's public system, famous for mobile screening units and a large research centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospital-de-amor-barretos.md - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (institution): Southern Brazil's leading public university hospital, known for cancer genetics, Li-Fraumeni research and one of Brazil's strongest clinical research programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hcpa-porto-alegre.md - Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (institution): Hospital de Sant Pau is a Barcelona university hospital, famous for its modernista buildings, whose cancer campus with the Puigvert Foundation is an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospital-de-sant-pau.md - Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (IMSS) (institution): The flagship cancer hospital of Mexico's social security institute (IMSS), which treats a large share of the country's insured cancer patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imss-oncologia-siglo-xxi.md - Hospital del Mar / Hospital del Mar Research Institute (institution): Barcelona's seaside university hospital, whose research institute under Joaquín Arribas leads HER2 biology and CAR-T against breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospital-del-mar.md - Hospital Erasto Gaertner (institution): The dedicated cancer hospital of Paraná state in southern Brazil, founded in 1972 by the Liga Paranaense de Combate ao Câncer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erasto-gaertner.md - Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (institution): Gregorio Marañón is a Madrid public hospital with a leading breast cancer research group (GEICAM). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gregorio-maranon.md - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (institution): Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein is Latin America's top-ranked hospital and cancer programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/einstein-sao-paulo.md - Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (institution): Argentina's leading academic hospital, founded in 1853, with a large oncology programme and one of Latin America's most active clinical research units. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospital-italiano-buenos-aires.md - Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos (institution): Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos is the largest hospital in Lithuania and the teaching hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kauno-klinikos.md - Hospital Sírio-Libanês (institution): Brazil's second top-ranked oncology hospital with strong radiotherapy and research programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sirio-libanes.md - Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe (institution): Valencia's flagship public hospital, with a haematology department that shaped the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia through the PETHEMA group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/la-fe-valencia.md - Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (institution): Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus hosts the Southern Catalonia Oncology Institute and is a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hospital-sant-joan-de-reus.md - Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (institution): One of Madrid's largest hospitals, a leading site for lung cancer and myeloma trials and for academic CAR-T development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/12-de-octubre.md - Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (institution): A public university hospital in central Madrid, opened in 1955, with a cancer service and research institute, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/la-princesa.md - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset (institution): Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset is a public university hospital of the Valencian health service, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/doctor-peset-valencia.md - Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (institution): A Madrid university hospital founded by Carlos Jiménez Díaz in 1955, whose OncoHealth Institute is accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fundacion-jimenez-diaz.md - Hospital Universitario La Paz (institution): La Paz is Madrid's flagship public hospital, with a large oncology programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/la-paz.md - Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (institution): A public university hospital west of Madrid, founded in 1964 and rebuilt in Majadahonda, with a cancer service and a strong transplant record, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/puerta-de-hierro.md - Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (institution): A large public university hospital in north Madrid, opened in 1977, with a full cancer service and research institute, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramon-y-cajal.md - Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (institution): Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria is one of the two public university hospitals of Málaga in the Andalusian health service, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/virgen-de-la-victoria-malaga.md - Houston Methodist Center for RNA Therapeutics (institution): Houston Methodist's Center for RNA Therapeutics, led by John Cooke, is an academic mRNA vaccine programme with cancer studies opening for enrolment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/houston-methodist-rna-therapeutics.md - HOVON (institution): The Dutch-Belgian adult haematology trials group, one of Europe's largest engines of leukaemia, myeloma and lymphoma phase 3 trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hovon.md - Howard Hughes Medical Institute (institution): The Howard Hughes Medical Institute funds scientists rather than projects through its Investigator Program; its roster has included Bert Vogelstein, William Kaelin, Charles Sawyers, Benjamin Ebert and Feng Zhang, the researchers behind colorectal cancer genetics, hypoxia sensing, kinase inhibitor resistance and CRISPR tools. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hhmi.md - Humber & North Yorkshire Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Hull, the East Riding, North and North East Lincolnshire, York and North Yorkshire: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/humber-north-yorkshire-cancer-alliance.md - Hunan Cancer Hospital (institution): Central China's provincial cancer hospital, a high-enrolling trial site in lung and gastrointestinal cancer with a large radiotherapy department. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hunan-cancer-hospital.md - Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (institution): The Mountain West's NCI comprehensive centre, built on Utah's genealogy-linked population database that helped find BRCA1 and other hereditary cancer genes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/huntsman.md - HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital (institution): Finland's largest cancer centre and an OECI-accredited comprehensive cancer centre, known for hereditary cancer genetics and functional precision medicine in leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helsinki-hus.md - Iași Regional Oncology Institute (institution): Iași Regional Oncology Institute is the regional cancer institute for north-eastern Romania, opened in Iași in 2012, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iasi-regional-oncology-institute.md - ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (institution): ICMR's cancer prevention institute near Delhi, focused on the cancers India can prevent: cervical cancer through HPV screening and vaccination, and oral cancer through tobacco control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icmr-nicpr.md - IEO (European Institute of Oncology) (institution): Founded by Umberto Veronesi, pioneer of breast-conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ieo-milan.md - Immunocine (institution): Immunocine is a Cancún clinic offering personalised dendritic cell therapy, self-paid, to patients with stage IV solid tumours who do not qualify for trials in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunocine.md - Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust / Imperial College London Cancer Research (institution): West London's academic cancer centre across Hammersmith and Charing Cross hospitals, partner with the ICR in the CRUK Convergence Science Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imperial-cancer-centre.md - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (institution): Valencia's university hospital and research institute, base of former ESMO president Andrés Cervantes and a leading gastrointestinal and breast oncology group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/incliva-valencia.md - Indian Council of Medical Research (institution): India's apex medical research council, which runs the National Cancer Registry Programme, a cancer prevention institute and a network of research institutes, and sets national research and ethics policy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icmr.md - Indian Institute of Science (institution): India's top-ranked research university, with cancer biology groups in genetics, biochemistry and bioengineering, and a new medical school and hospital funded by the largest gift in its history. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iisc.md - Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (institution): The engineering institute whose bioscience department, with Tata Memorial, built India's first home-grown CAR-T cell therapy and spun it out as ImmunoACT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iit-bombay.md - Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Home of Lawrence Einhorn's cisplatin regimen that turned testicular cancer into a curable disease, and Indiana's NCI comprehensive centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iu-simon.md - Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (institution): KwaZulu-Natal's quaternary referral hospital in Durban, opened in 2002, and the province's main academic centre for radiation oncology and haematology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inkosi-albert-luthuli-hospital.md - Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer (ITCC) (institution): Europe's network of children's hospitals that run the first trials of new cancer drugs in children, so that European children can access experimental medicines close to home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/itcc.md - Inselspital, Bern University Hospital / University Cancer Center Inselspital (institution): Bern's university hospital, a high-volume radioligand therapy centre and home to the Bern Center for Precision Medicine and the SAKK trial group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inselspital-bern.md - Institut Bergonié (institution): Bordeaux's dedicated cancer hospital, a UNICANCER centre known for sarcoma, early-phase trials and precision medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-bergonie.md - Institut Curie (institution): Founded by Marie Curie; a leader in breast cancer, radiotherapy, and proton therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-curie.md - Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO) (institution): The Unicancer cancer centre for western France, with sites in Angers and Nantes, accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ico-angers-nantes.md - Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine (institution): The Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, formerly the Centre Alexis Vautrin, is the Unicancer comprehensive cancer centre for Lorraine near Nancy and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-de-cancerologie-de-lorraine.md - Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM) (institution): The Unicancer cancer centre for Montpellier and Occitanie, an OECI Comprehensive Cancer Centre known for radiotherapy research and early-phase trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icm-montpellier.md - Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP Centre (institution): The central Paris university cancer institute of AP-HP, built on the CARPEM personalised medicine programme at the Georges-Pompidou, Cochin and Necker hospitals, and an OECI Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carpem-aphp-centre.md - Institut Godinot (institution): Institut Godinot is the Unicancer comprehensive cancer centre for the Reims region of north-eastern France and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-godinot.md - Institut Jules Bordet (institution): Belgium's only hospital devoted entirely to cancer, birthplace of the Breast International Group and a world centre for breast cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-jules-bordet.md - Institut National d'Oncologie, Rabat (institution): Morocco's national oncology institute, the reference cancer centre of the Rabat university hospital and the anchor of the Lalla Salma Foundation's national cancer plan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-national-oncologie-rabat.md - Institut National du Cancer (institution): France's national cancer agency, which steers the national cancer strategy and funds and labels research, trial networks and early-phase units. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inca.md - Institut National du Cancer, Luxembourg (institution): Luxembourg's national cancer institute, a coordinating body in Strassen that steers the national cancer plan rather than treating patients, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inc-luxembourg.md - Institut Paoli-Calmettes (institution): The Institut Paoli-Calmettes is the Unicancer comprehensive cancer centre for Marseille and Provence, founded in 1925; it runs a large allogeneic transplant and leukaemia programme, high-volume pancreatic surgery and an early-phase unit within the Marseille Immunopôle cluster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-paoli-calmettes.md - Institut Pasteur (institution): The historic Paris research institute founded by Louis Pasteur, whose cancer work centres on tumour viruses, immunology and the microbiome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-pasteur.md - Institut Sainte Catherine (institution): A private non-profit cancer centre in Avignon, Provence, offering radiotherapy, chemotherapy and supportive care, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-sainte-catherine.md - Institut Salah Azaïez (institution): The Institut Salah Azaïez in Tunis, founded in 1969, is Tunisia's national cancer institute and one of Africa's oldest; it runs the Tunis cancer registry, a contributor to IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, and researches breast cancer in young women and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-salah-azaiez.md - Institut Strauss (institution): The cancer centre of Strasbourg and Alsace, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institut-strauss.md - Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie AP-HP Sorbonne Université (institution): The university cancer institute of AP-HP and Sorbonne Université, spanning the Pitié-Salpêtrière, Saint-Antoine and Tenon hospitals, and accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iuc-aphp-sorbonne.md - Institute for Protein Design (University of Washington) (institution): David Baker's institute, where de novo protein design and the RFdiffusion models come from (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institute-for-protein-design.md - Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (institution): A Department of Biotechnology institute in Bengaluru that develops stem cell and gene editing approaches to cancer and blood disorders, and shares a campus with NCBS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/instem.md - Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University (institution): Masaryk University's biostatistics institute in Brno, which runs Czech cancer registries and data analyses, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iba-masaryk.md - Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (institution): China's national blood disease hospital in Tianjin is where the CD19 binder behind the CAR-T inati-cel was made; it runs large leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome registries and early-phase trials of domestic bispecifics and cell therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cams-hematology.md - Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw (institution): A Warsaw research hospital founded in 1948 for maternal and child health, including paediatric oncology and surgical oncology, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/institute-of-mother-and-child.md - Institute of Oncology Ljubljana (institution): Slovenia's national cancer centre, OECI-accredited, home of one of Europe's oldest cancer registries and a pioneer of electrochemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/onkoloski-institut-ljubljana.md - Instituto Alexander Fleming (institution): The Instituto Alexander Fleming in Buenos Aires, founded in 1994, is Argentina's most research-active cancer centre; it has enrolled Argentine patients in the pivotal HER2, CDK4/6, lung and colorectal trials of the last three decades and hosts the GAICO cooperative group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/instituto-alexander-fleming.md - Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (institution): Argentina's first cancer institute, founded in 1922 by Ángel Roffo and run by the University of Buenos Aires. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/instituto-roffo.md - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP) (institution): ICESP is the São Paulo state cancer institute within Hospital das Clínicas and the University of São Paulo medical school; it treats patients only through Brazil's public health system, with 520 beds across four sites, and is the main Brazilian public-sector site for international trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icesp.md - Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) (institution): Brazil's national cancer institute, the Ministry of Health body that runs cancer control, registries and screening for the country and treats patients in its Rio hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inca-brazil.md - Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Colombia) (institution): Colombia's national cancer institute, responsible for cancer control policy, the national cancer observatory and specialist care in Bogotá. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inc-colombia.md - Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Mexico) (institution): Mexico's national cancer institute, the federal referral hospital for uninsured cancer patients and the country's main oncology research and training centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/incan-mexico.md - Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (institution): Peru's national cancer institute, the largest cancer hospital in the Andean region and the coordinator of Peru's national cancer plan and registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inen-peru.md - Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR) (institution): INOR in Havana is Cuba's national cancer hospital and coordinates the national cancer control programme; it is the clinical partner of the Center of Molecular Immunology, whose home-grown lung cancer vaccine CIMAvax-EGF and antibody nimotuzumab were tested in INOR-led trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inor-cuba.md - Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (Argentina) (institution): Argentina's national cancer institute, created in 2010 within the Ministry of Health to run cancer control, screening and registries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inc-argentina.md - Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (Chile) (institution): Chile's Instituto Nacional del Cáncer in Santiago is the public system's main referral hospital for complex adult cancers; it works with the Ministry of Health on the national cancer plan and the GES guaranteed-care cancer pathways. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inc-chile.md - Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (Uruguay) (institution): Uruguay's Instituto Nacional del Cáncer in Montevideo is the public national cancer hospital run by the state provider ASSE; it is the referral centre for public-sector patients in a country with among the highest cancer incidence in Latin America. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inca-uruguay.md - Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil (institution): The third of Portugal's three IPO cancer institutes, serving the centre of the country and accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipo-coimbra.md - Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (institution): Portugal's first cancer institute, founded in 1923 by Francisco Gentil, and the national reference cancer hospital for the Lisbon region. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipo-lisboa.md - Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil (institution): Northern Portugal's dedicated cancer hospital, an OECI-accredited comprehensive cancer centre known for hereditary cancer genetics and epigenetic biomarkers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipo-porto.md - Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (institution): The French thoracic oncology intergroup, which ran the national Biomarkers France programme showing that routine molecular testing of lung cancer improves survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ifct.md - Intermountain Health Cancer Center (institution): The Mountain West health system that was among the first to bring in-house tumour sequencing to community oncology, via Intermountain Precision Genomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intermountain-cancer.md - International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO) (institution): IARC is the WHO's cancer agency, responsible for global cancer statistics (GLOBOCAN), carcinogen classification, and prevention research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iarc.md - International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (institution): The only global society devoted to lung and thoracic cancers, whose World Conference on Lung Cancer and TNM staging project define the field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iaslc.md - International Atomic Energy Agency: Rays of Hope (institution): The UN nuclear agency's programme to bring radiotherapy and nuclear medicine to the dozens of countries that have no or too few treatment machines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iaea.md - International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (institution): A Swiss-based international group that runs the trials defining treatment of rare extranodal lymphomas, including primary CNS lymphoma and gastric MALT lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ielsg.md - International Society for Quality of Life Research (institution): The society for patient-reported outcomes and quality of life research, whose standards guide how symptoms and quality of life are measured in cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isoqol.md - IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola (institution): Bologna's university hospital, home of the Seràgnoli haematology institute and a leading Italian centre for myeloma, lymphoma and CAR-T. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sant-orsola-bologna.md - IRCCS CROB, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (institution): The regional cancer institute of Basilicata in southern Italy, an IRCCS accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crob-rionero.md - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (institution): A Milan research hospital known for Alberto Mantovani's work on tumour-associated macrophages and for stereotactic radiotherapy and liver cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/humanitas.md - IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST) (institution): The Romagna cancer institute, known for radioligand therapy, nuclear medicine and genitourinary and sarcoma trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/irst-meldola.md - IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II (institution): The dedicated cancer institute of Puglia in Bari, an IRCCS accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/istituto-tumori-bari.md - IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (institution): Genoa's university hospital, which absorbed Italy's National Cancer Research Institute (IST) and is an OECI Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/san-martino-genoa.md - IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (institution): Milan's research hospital known for engineered T-cell therapies, gene therapy, high-volume pancreatic surgery and HER2 breast cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/san-raffaele.md - IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (institution): Rome's national cancer institute, which coordinates Italy's Alliance Against Cancer research network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/regina-elena-rome.md - IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (institution): Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital in Negrar, near Verona, is a Catholic non-profit hospital recognised as an IRCCS research hospital; it runs medical oncology, radiotherapy, robotic and hepatobiliary surgery and an early-phase trials unit, and OECI accredits it as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sacro-cuore-don-calabria.md - Irish Cancer Society (institution): Ireland's national cancer charity, funding research and Cancer Trials Ireland and providing night nursing, support lines and Daffodil Centres in hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/irish-cancer-society.md - ISPOR (The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research) (institution): The society of health economists and outcomes researchers whose methods and good-practice reports underpin how cancer drugs are valued by HTA bodies and payers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ispor.md - Istanbul University Institute of Oncology (institution): Istanbul University's Institute of Oncology, established in 1982, combines medical, radiation and paediatric oncology with cancer epidemiology; its breast programme is one of Turkey's largest, its paediatric unit is a national referral centre, and it trains a large share of Turkish oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/istanbul-oncology-institute.md - Istituto di Candiolo IRCCS (FPO) (institution): Piedmont's cancer institute near Turin, a world reference for colorectal cancer genomics, patient-derived xenografts and MET biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/candiolo.md - Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale (institution): The Fondazione Pascale in Naples is the national cancer institute for southern Italy; Paolo Ascierto's unit was a lead investigator in the CheckMate and RELATIVITY melanoma trials, and Nicola Normanno's group is a reference for liquid biopsy in lung and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pascale-naples.md - Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS (institution): The Veneto region's OECI-accredited comprehensive cancer centre in Padua, strong in breast cancer trials, melanoma and tumour immunology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iov-veneto.md - IUCT Oncopole (Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse) (institution): Toulouse's cancer campus, joining the Institut Claudius Regaud and the university hospital, and a world leader in multiple myeloma research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iuct-oncopole.md - Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) (institution): JCOG is Japan's national cooperative group and defines surgical and perioperative standards in gastric and oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jcog.md - Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (institution): Japan's medical oncology society, which certifies Japan's medical oncologists, holds a large annual meeting and publishes clinical guidelines with the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jsmo.md - Jiangsu Cancer Hospital (institution): Jiangsu Cancer Hospital in Nanjing is a large provincial cancer centre and a frequent lead site for Chinese oesophageal, lung and gastric cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jiangsu-cancer-hospital.md - Jilin Cancer Hospital (institution): Jilin Cancer Hospital in Changchun is the centre that led China's small cell lung cancer immunotherapy trials, including ASTRUM-005 and CAPSTONE-1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jilin-cancer-hospital.md - Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (institution): A Guangzhou hospital affiliated to the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine with an international cancer treatment centre, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jinshazhou-hospital.md - Johns Hopkins Hospital / Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Johns Hopkins is the birthplace of cancer genomics (Vogelstein), MSI-high immunotherapy (Le, Diaz), and liquid biopsy and MCED science (CancerSEEK). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/johns-hopkins.md - Juravinski Cancer Centre / Escarpment Cancer Research Institute (institution): Hamilton's regional cancer centre with McMaster University, home of the trials that made hypofractionated breast radiotherapy standard and of brain tumour stem cell research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/juravinski.md - Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (institution): The research arm of America's largest integrated health system, whose cohorts and screening programmes generate much of the real-world evidence on cancer screening and prevention. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kaiser-permanente-research.md - Karolinska University Hospital (institution): Sweden's leading cancer hospital, linked to the Karolinska Institutet and Nobel Assembly, with strong registry-based research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karolinska.md - Keio University Hospital (institution): Tokyo's oldest private university hospital, known for gastrointestinal and oesophageal cancer surgery, cancer genome profiling and translational research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keio-university-hospital.md - Kent and Medway Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Kent and Medway: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kent-medway-cancer-alliance.md - Kenyatta National Hospital (institution): Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi is Kenya's national referral hospital and East Africa's largest; for decades it ran the country's only public radiotherapy service, and it leads Kenya's cervical screening, HPV vaccination and Burkitt lymphoma research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kenyatta-national-hospital.md - Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (institution): Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology in Bengaluru is Karnataka's state cancer institute and one of India's Regional Cancer Centres; it treats a predominantly poor population from southern India at low cost and hosts the Bangalore cancer registry, one of India's oldest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kidwai-memorial-institute-of-oncology.md - King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc (institution): The cancer institute of the Saint-Luc university hospital in Brussels, the teaching hospital of UCLouvain opened in 1976, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/king-albert-ii-cancer-institute.md - King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (institution): Saudi Arabia's flagship tertiary hospital, whose Oncology Centre runs the Gulf's largest transplant, CAR-T and proton therapy programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kfshrc.md - King Hussein Cancer Center (institution): Jordan's cancer-only hospital and the leading comprehensive cancer centre in the Arab world, the first outside the US accredited as a cancer centre by Joint Commission International. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/khcc.md - Klaipėda University Hospital (institution): Klaipėda University Hospital is the main hospital of western Lithuania and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/klaipeda-university-hospital.md - Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (institution): Ghana's second-largest hospital, in Kumasi, with one of the country's two public radiotherapy centres and an oncology directorate serving the north and middle belt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/komfo-anokye-teaching-hospital.md - Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center (institution): Taiwan's first dedicated cancer hospital, founded 1990 on the MD Anderson model and known for multidisciplinary care and outcome transparency. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/koo-foundation-sun-yat-sen-cancer-center.md - Korean Cancer Study Group (institution): South Korea's multicentre cooperative trials group, linking the Seoul mega-hospitals and regional centres in investigator-initiated trials in gastric, lung, liver and breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kcsg.md - Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (institution): Ghana's premier teaching hospital and West Africa's largest, hosting the National Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre and leading African breast cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/korle-bu-teaching-hospital.md - Kuopio University Hospital Cancer Center (institution): The university hospital for eastern Finland and host of the FICAN East regional cancer centre, accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kuopio-university-hospital.md - KWF Dutch Cancer Society (institution): The Netherlands' cancer charity and the main funder of Dutch cancer research, including much of the work at the Netherlands Cancer Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kwf.md - Kyoto University Hospital (institution): The university where Tasuku Honjo discovered PD-1 and Shinya Yamanaka created iPS cells; its hospital leads Japanese immunotherapy and cell therapy research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kyoto-university-hospital.md - Kyushu University Hospital (institution): Kyushu University Hospital in Fukuoka is the largest academic hospital in western Japan; its surgeons lead gastric and oesophageal cancer surgery and living-donor liver transplantation for liver cancer, and its researchers co-discovered the RET fusion in lung cancer with the National Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kyushu-university-hospital.md - Lagos University Teaching Hospital (institution): Nigeria's leading teaching hospital in its largest city, home of the NSIA-LUTH Cancer Centre, the country's most advanced radiotherapy facility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luth-lagos.md - Lancashire and South Cumbria Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Lancashire and South Cumbria, including Preston, Blackpool, Blackburn, Lancaster and Barrow: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lancashire-south-cumbria-cancer-alliance.md - Landspítali, the National University Hospital of Iceland (institution): Landspítali is Iceland's national university hospital and the country's cancer centre, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/landspitali.md - Lasker Foundation (institution): The foundation Albert and Mary Lasker set up in 1942 to push medical research up the public agenda; its Lasker Awards became the most watched prize in American medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lasker-foundation.md - Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health (institution): NYU's cancer centre, comprehensive since 2019, known for melanoma immunotherapy, RAS and SHP2 biology, and early deep-learning pathology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nyu-perlmutter.md - Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) / Ludwig Institute Lausanne (institution): Lausanne's university hospital and Ludwig branch, home of the temozolomide glioblastoma trial, Solange Peters and a leading personalised T-cell therapy programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chuv-lausanne.md - Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital (institution): One of the largest cancer centres in the UK, known for colorectal cancer pathology and trials, melanoma research, myeloma and MR-guided radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leeds-cancer-centre.md - Leicester Cancer Research Centre / University Hospitals of Leicester (institution): Leicester's academic cancer centre, joining University Hospitals of Leicester with the University of Leicester's cancer research and the Hope clinical trials facility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leicester-cancer-research-centre.md - Leiden University Medical Center (institution): Leiden's university hospital, a cradle of therapeutic cancer vaccines and tumour immunology and the base for the Dutch TME rectal cancer trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lumc-leiden.md - Li Ka Shing Foundation (institution): Li Ka-shing's foundation, which since 1980 has given more than HK$30 billion, mostly in China and Hong Kong, including free hospice care for tens of thousands of poor cancer patients and the building that houses the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-ka-shing-foundation.md - Ligue nationale contre le cancer (institution): France's oldest and largest cancer charity, with a committee in every département, funding research and supporting patients and prevention since 1918. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ligue-contre-le-cancer.md - Linköping University Hospital Cancer Center (institution): The university hospital for south-east Sweden, accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre and home to one of Sweden's regional cancer centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/linkoping-university-hospital.md - LMU Klinikum München (institution): LMU Klinikum is Munich's university cancer centre, with strengths in PSMA theranostics and haematology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lmu-munich.md - Ludwig Cancer Research (institution): The cancer research institute that shipping magnate Daniel K. Ludwig endowed in 1971 with nearly all of his international holdings; it has spent more than $1.8 billion of its own money on cancer science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ludwig-cancer-research.md - Lustgarten Foundation (institution): The largest private funder of pancreatic cancer research, which funds dedicated laboratories at Cold Spring Harbor, Johns Hopkins, Dana-Farber and MIT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lustgarten-foundation.md - LYSA (The Lymphoma Study Association) (institution): The French-Belgian lymphoma group, successor to GELA, whose LNH-98.5 trial made R-CHOP the standard for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lysa.md - Maastricht UMC+ Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): The university hospital of Maastricht, whose cancer centre with the Maastro radiotherapy clinic is accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maastricht-umc.md - Macmillan Cancer Support (institution): The UK charity that funds Macmillan nurses and support workers in the NHS and provides information, financial and emotional support to people living with cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/macmillan-cancer-support.md - Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology (institution): Poland's national cancer institute, founded on Marie Curie's initiative in 1932, with branches in Gliwice and Kraków and the national cancer registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nio-warsaw.md - Marie Curie (institution): The UK's leading end-of-life charity, running hospices and home nursing for people with terminal illness and funding palliative care research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marie-curie-uk.md - Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky (institution): Kentucky's NCI comprehensive centre, serving Appalachia where lung and colorectal cancer rates are among the highest in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kentucky-markey.md - Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (institution): The Czech Republic's only dedicated comprehensive cancer centre, OECI-accredited and known for its RECAMO translational research centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mou-brno.md - Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota (institution): The Masonic Cancer Center is where Robert Good performed the first successful human bone marrow transplant in 1968; today Jeffrey Miller's group runs natural killer cell therapy trials, and Stephen Hecht's laboratory defined the tobacco-specific carcinogens used in tobacco regulation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/minnesota-masonic.md - Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (institution): Harvard's largest hospital; leaders in lung cancer targeted therapy, proton therapy, and ctDNA research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mgh.md - Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (institution): The Mater is a Dublin teaching hospital founded in 1861, one of Ireland's two major trauma centres and a designated cancer centre, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mater-misericordiae.md - Mater Private Network (institution): Mater Private Network is an Irish private hospital group whose Dublin hospital sits beside the Mater Misericordiae, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mater-private.md - Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (institution): Berlin's Helmholtz molecular medicine institute, whose cancer research spans T-cell receptor therapies, single-cell biology and systems medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mdc-berlin.md - Max Healthcare (Max Institute of Cancer Care) (institution): One of north India's largest private hospital groups, with a network of cancer units, a standalone cancer centre in Delhi and a large share of India's private-sector oncology trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/max-healthcare.md - Mayo Clinic (institution): Consistently the top-ranked US hospital overall, with strong proton therapy and the first US carbon-ion centre under construction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mayo-clinic.md - Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center in Arizona (institution): Mayo Clinic's Arizona campus, spanning Phoenix and Scottsdale, is one of three sites under Mayo's NCI comprehensive designation; it opened a proton therapy centre in 2016, runs bone marrow transplant, CAR-T and a myeloma programme, and hosts Mayo's Arizona early-phase trials under Tanios Bekaii-Saab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mayo-clinic-arizona.md - Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center in Florida (institution): Mayo Clinic's Florida campus, building North America's first carbon-ion therapy facility alongside proton therapy and a cancer vaccine programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mayo-clinic-florida.md - Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio (institution): Mays Cancer Center in San Antonio, NCI-designated since 1991, hosts the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium and descends from the CTRC phase 1 institute where Daniel Von Hoff ran early trials of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel; it serves South Texas's predominantly Latino population. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mays-cancer-center.md - McGill University Health Centre / Cedars Cancer Centre (institution): McGill's university hospital network, whose Cedars Cancer Centre at the Glen site is one of Quebec's largest cancer programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/muhc-cedars-cancer-centre.md - MD Anderson Cancer Center (institution): MD Anderson is the largest cancer centre in the world by patient volume, with the biggest phase 1 programme and a leading CAR-NK effort. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/md-anderson.md - Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (institution): The UK medicines and devices regulator, which since Brexit runs its own approvals, joins Project Orbis and uses international reliance routes to speed cancer drug access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mhra.md - Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM) (institution): Mediterranean Institute of Oncology is a private cancer centre at Viagrande near Catania in Sicily, part of the SAMED group, offering medical oncology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mediterranean-institute-of-oncology.md - Melanoma Research Alliance (institution): The melanoma research funder Debra and Leon Black started in 2007; it has put more than $200 million into research and every donated dollar goes to science because the founders cover the running costs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mra.md - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (institution): The world's top-ranked cancer hospital, home of MSK-IMPACT sequencing, the dostarlimab rectal cancer study, and CAR-T pioneers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mskcc.md - Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus (institution): Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus is a public specialist cancer hospital serving Piraeus and the wider Athens area, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metaxa-cancer-hospital.md - Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick (institution): The cancer centre of University Hospital Limerick, serving Ireland's Mid-West, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mid-western-cancer-centre.md - Moffitt Cancer Center (institution): Moffitt is Florida's cancer centre and the leading US site for TIL therapy and evolutionary ('adaptive') therapy research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/moffitt.md - Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital / AMPATH Oncology (institution): Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret is Kenya's second national referral hospital; through the AMPATH partnership led by Indiana University it built one of East Africa's strongest public cancer programmes, adding radiotherapy in western Kenya at the Chandaria centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/moi-teaching-referral-hospital.md - Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): The Bronx's NCI comprehensive cancer centre, where Joseph Sparano ran TAILORx, the trial that let most women with early HR-positive breast cancer skip chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/montefiore-einstein.md - Motol University Hospital (institution): Motol University Hospital in Prague is the largest hospital in the Czech Republic, a teaching base for Charles University and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/motol-university-hospital.md - Mount Vernon Cancer Centre (institution): A long-established specialist cancer centre north-west of London, historically home of the Gray Laboratory for radiobiology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mount-vernon-cancer-centre.md - Movember (institution): The moustache-growing men's health charity that has become one of the largest global funders of prostate and testicular cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/movember.md - Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (institution): The international society for supportive care in cancer, whose antiemetic, mucositis, febrile neutropenia and immunotherapy toxicity guidelines are used worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mascc.md - MUSC Hollings Cancer Center (institution): South Carolina's only NCI-designated cancer centre, known for tobacco control, colorectal cancer prevention science and lipid signalling research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/musc-hollings.md - N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology (institution): Russia's largest cancer centre, in Moscow, made up of five research institutes including a children's oncology institute, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blokhin-cancer-center.md - Narayana Health (Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre) (institution): Devi Shetty's low-cost hospital network, whose Mazumdar Shaw cancer centre in Bengaluru applies high-volume, low-price surgery and transplant to cancer and hosts India's second CAR-T developer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/narayana-health.md - National Cancer Center Hospital (institution): The National Cancer Center Hospital is Japan's national cancer centre and the leading site for Daiichi Sankyo's DXd ADC trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ncc-japan.md - National Cancer Center Hospital East (institution): National Cancer Center Hospital East in Kashiwa is one of the world's most productive trial sites for gastrointestinal, thoracic and head and neck cancer; it runs the SCRUM-Japan genomic screening platform, a large phase 1 unit and one of Japan's first hospital-based proton facilities. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ncc-hospital-east.md - National Cancer Center Korea (institution): Korea's government cancer centre, home of the national cancer registry and screening programme and the country's first proton therapy facility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ncc-korea.md - National Cancer Center of China (institution): The National Cancer Center is the body that counts China's cancers, sets national screening and quality programmes and publishes the country's official cancer statistics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ncc-china.md - National Cancer Centre Singapore (institution): Singapore's national cancer centre and the largest cancer facility in the country, with a proton centre and leading Asian research in liver and lung cancer genomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nccs.md - National Cancer Grid of India (institution): A network of more than 360 Indian cancer centres, run from Tata Memorial, that agrees common treatment guidelines, buys cancer drugs together at a fraction of list price and runs shared tumour boards and trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/national-cancer-grid.md - National Cancer Institute (NIH) (institution): The NCI is the US government's cancer research agency, spending ~$7B a year and running the Cancer Centers Program, TCGA, and Rosenberg's cell therapy lab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nci.md - National Cancer Institute of Ukraine (institution): Ukraine's national cancer institute in Kyiv, the country's main specialist cancer hospital and research centre, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nci-ukraine.md - National Cancer Institute, Cairo University (institution): Egypt's national cancer institute and the largest cancer hospital in Africa and the Arab world, treating patients from across the region since 1969. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nci-cairo.md - National Cancer Institute, Lithuania (institution): Lithuania's dedicated cancer hospital and research institute in Vilnius, accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nci-vilnius.md - National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NINE, Bengaluru) (institution): The programme that counts cancer in India: population and hospital registries whose reports give the country its official estimates of new cases, leading cancers and stage at diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icmr-ncrp.md - National Centre for Biological Sciences (institution): A basic biology institute of the Department of Atomic Energy in Bengaluru whose cell signalling, genetics and imaging groups underpin Indian cancer research, on a shared campus with inStem and C-CAMP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ncbs.md - National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) (institution): The NCCN is an alliance of 33 US cancer centres whose guidelines decide, in practice, what US oncologists do and what insurers pay for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nccn-org.md - National Health Authority (Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY) (institution): The agency that runs India's public health insurance for the poorest 40% of the population, which pays for cancer surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy up to a yearly limit per family. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nha-pmjay.md - National Healthcare Security Administration (institution): The NHSA runs China's public health insurance and negotiates once a year which new cancer drugs are reimbursed, and at what price, through the National Reimbursement Drug List. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nhsa.md - National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (institution): England's health technology assessment body, which decides whether the NHS should pay for each new cancer drug on cost per quality-adjusted life year and runs the Cancer Drugs Fund. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nice.md - National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (institution): The National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital in Dhaka is Bangladesh's apex public cancer institute; it runs the national hospital-based cancer registry and trains oncologists for a country of around 170 million people with limited radiotherapy capacity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicrh-dhaka.md - National Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch (institution): The Gliwice branch of Poland's Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, a large cancer hospital and research centre in Silesia founded in 1947, listed by the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes as a linked institution. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nio-gliwice.md - National Institute of Oncology, Hungary (institution): Hungary's national cancer institute, home to the national cancer registry and a leading breast brachytherapy programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/noi-budapest.md - National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology (institution): Hungary's national institute for lung disease in Budapest, the country's main centre for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/koranyi-institute-budapest.md - National Medical Products Administration / Center for Drug Evaluation (institution): China's drug regulator and its review centre, whose reforms since 2015 turned China into the world's second-largest source of new cancer drugs and a leader in ADCs and bispecifics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nmpa-cde.md - National Medical Research Radiological Centre (NMRRC) (institution): Russia's federal radiology and oncology research centre, headquartered in Moscow with the Herzen institute and a branch in Obninsk, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nmrrc-moscow.md - National Taiwan University Hospital (institution): Taiwan's leading academic hospital and the birthplace of the hepatitis B vaccination programme that cut childhood liver cancer, with a new dedicated cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ntuh.md - National University Hospital / National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (institution): Singapore's university hospital cancer institute, paired with the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and known for gastric cancer, haematology and drug development research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nuh-ncis.md - Nationwide Children's Hospital (institution): Columbus children's hospital with a leading paediatric cancer genomics institute and pioneering oncolytic virus trials in childhood sarcomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nationwide-childrens.md - NCI Center for Cancer Research (intramural programme) (institution): The NCI's own laboratories and clinic at the NIH Clinical Center, home of Rosenberg's cell therapy branch, the HPV vaccine and lymphoma genomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nci-ccr.md - NCT/UCC Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (institution): The second National Center for Tumor Diseases site, known for proton therapy research at OncoRay and AI in pathology and surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct-dresden.md - Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL) (institution): Dutch national cancer centre that pioneered neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NADINA, NICHE) and TIL therapy in Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nki.md - Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL) (institution): IKNL is the Dutch national cancer organisation that runs the Netherlands Cancer Registry and supports quality of care and research across the country, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iknl.md - New York Proton Center (institution): The New York Proton Center is a free-standing proton beam therapy centre in Manhattan treating solid tumours, bookable through an oncology referral. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/new-york-proton-center.md - Newcastle Cancer Centre / Northern Centre for Cancer Care (institution): Newcastle's cancer centre serves the North East and Cumbria; its chemists and pharmacologists discovered rucaparib, the first PARP inhibitor to reach patients, and Ruth Plummer led its first-in-human trial in 2003, while the Wolfson centre leads medulloblastoma research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/newcastle-cancer-centre.md - Nordic Lymphoma Group (institution): The Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic lymphoma trials network, best known for the Nordic mantle cell lymphoma regimen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nordic-lymphoma-group.md - North Central London Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the five North Central London boroughs of Barnet, Camden, Enfield, Haringey and Islington: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/north-central-london-cancer-alliance.md - North East London Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the seven North East London boroughs, including Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney, Redbridge, Havering, Barking and Dagenham, and Waltham Forest: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/north-east-london-cancer-alliance.md - North Estonia Medical Centre (institution): The North Estonia Medical Centre in Tallinn is one of Estonia's two main cancer treatment hospitals and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/north-estonia-medical-centre.md - Northern Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the North East of England and North Cumbria, from Northumberland and Tyne and Wear to Teesside and Carlisle: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/northern-cancer-alliance.md - Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast City Hospital (institution): Northern Ireland's regional cancer centre, opened at Belfast City Hospital in 2006 and paired with Queen's University Belfast's Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/northern-ireland-cancer-centre.md - Northwell Health Cancer Institute (institution): Northwell Health Cancer Institute coordinates cancer care across New York State's largest health system, from Long Island to Connecticut; its Feinstein Institutes carry the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia research tradition founded by Kanti Rai, whose staging system is still used. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/northwell-cancer-institute.md - Nottingham University Hospitals Cancer Centre (City Hospital) (institution): Nottingham's City Hospital campus is the East Midlands' regional cancer centre; research with the University of Nottingham produced the Nottingham Prognostic Index for breast cancer and hosts the Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nottingham-cancer-centre.md - Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (QEII) (institution): Nova Scotia's provincial cancer programme, centred on the QEII Health Sciences Centre in Halifax with Dalhousie University. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nova-scotia-cancer-care.md - NRG Oncology (institution): The US cooperative group formed from the radiation, gynaecologic, and breast trial groups; it co-led OlympiA, the trial that put a PARP inhibitor after surgery for BRCA carriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nrg-oncology.md - NSABP Foundation (institution): The legacy US surgical adjuvant trials group that proved lumpectomy equals mastectomy, tamoxifen prevents breast cancer and trastuzumab cures more HER2-positive disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nsabp-foundation.md - O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB (institution): Alabama's only NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre, one of the original 1971 designees, serving the Deep South and studying cancer disparities. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oneal-uab.md - Ocean Road Cancer Institute (institution): Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam has been Tanzania's national cancer institute since 1996 and for two decades was the country's only public cancer treatment facility; its caseload is dominated by cervical cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, breast and oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ocean-road-cancer-institute.md - Odense University Hospital (institution): Odense University Hospital is the university hospital of the Region of Southern Denmark and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/odense-university-hospital.md - OHSU Knight Cancer Institute (institution): Brian Druker's institute, where imatinib was proven in CML and precision oncology was born; now focused on early detection and functional genomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ohsu-knight.md - Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre (institution): The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Melbourne's Austin Hospital runs one of Australia's busiest phase 1 units for immunotherapies and antibody-drug conjugates; its research institute grew out of the Ludwig Institute's Melbourne branch and leads antibody PET, FAPI and PSMA imaging work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/onj-cancer-centre.md - Oncological Institute of Moldova (institution): Oncological Institute of Moldova is Moldova's national cancer institute in Chișinău, the country's main centre for cancer diagnosis, treatment and registration, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncological-institute-moldova.md - Oncology Institute of Vojvodina (institution): The Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, near Novi Sad, is the cancer centre for northern Serbia and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-institute-of-vojvodina.md - Oncosalud (AUNA) (institution): Oncosalud is a private cancer care provider in Lima, part of the AUNA health group, and one of the few OECI members outside Europe, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncosalud-auna.md - OncoZON Comprehensive Cancer Network (institution): The regional cancer network of the south-east Netherlands, linking Maastricht UMC+ with regional hospitals, and accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncozon.md - Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) (institution): Ontario Health's cancer programme, formerly Cancer Care Ontario, steers cancer care for Canada's most populous province; it runs the Ontario Cancer Plan, provincial screening programmes, the Ontario Cancer Registry and the funding and quality standards for regional cancer centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ontario-health-cancer-care-ontario.md - Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (institution): Ontario's provincially funded cancer research institute, which coordinated the International Cancer Genome Consortium and runs pancreatic cancer genomics trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oicr.md - Örebro University Hospital (institution): Örebro University Hospital is the university hospital of central Sweden's Region Örebro and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes as the Örebro Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orebro-university-hospital.md - Organisation of European Cancer Institutes (institution): The network of European cancer centres that runs the accreditation and designation programme awarding 'Comprehensive Cancer Centre' status. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oeci.md - Osaka International Cancer Institute (institution): The Osaka International Cancer Institute is the Osaka prefectural cancer centre, rebuilt as a dedicated cancer hospital in 2017; it performs high volumes of gastric, oesophageal and colorectal surgery and runs the Osaka Cancer Registry, one of Japan's most complete population registries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/osaka-international-cancer-institute.md - Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital (institution): Norway's national cancer hospital and research institute, where the alpha emitter radium-223 (Xofigo) and Photocure's bladder imaging agent were born. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oslo-radium-hospital.md - Oulu University Hospital (institution): Oulu University Hospital is the northernmost of Finland's five university hospitals and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oulu-university-hospital.md - Oxford Cancer (Oxford University Hospitals and University of Oxford) (institution): Oxford's cancer partnership, combining the Churchill Hospital with the university's radiation oncology, Ludwig and early detection institutes and a deep drug and diagnostics spin-out tradition. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oxford-cancer.md - Pan-Mass Challenge (institution): The bike ride Billy Starr founded in 1980 after his mother died of melanoma; it has raised $1.125 billion for Dana-Farber and passes on every rider-raised dollar. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pan-mass-challenge.md - Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (institution): Sean Parker's 2016 institute that runs cancer immunotherapy research as one network across a dozen leading cancer centres, sharing data, samples and intellectual property. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parker-institute.md - Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital (institution): Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital in Riga is one of Latvia's two main university hospitals and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pauls-stradins-clinical-university-hospital.md - Peking Union Medical College Hospital (institution): China's most prestigious general hospital, founded with Rockefeller money in 1921, and a national referral centre for rare, endocrine and gynaecological tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pumch.md - Peking University Cancer Hospital (institution): Beijing's dedicated cancer hospital and the leading Chinese centre for gastric cancer trials, where claudin 18.2 CAR-T and PD-1 combinations were first tested in gastric disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pku-cancer-hospital.md - Peking University People's Hospital (institution): Peking University People's Hospital is the world's largest haploidentical stem cell transplant centre and the home of the Beijing Protocol that lets almost any patient find a donor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pku-peoples-hospital.md - Peninsula Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Devon, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peninsula-cancer-alliance.md - Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (institution): Peter Mac is Australia's only dedicated cancer hospital and a leader in theranostics, CAR-T, and radiation oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-mac.md - Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (institution): The independent committee that decides which medicines Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme subsidises, and at what price, on cost-effectiveness evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pbac.md - Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (institution): Japan's drug and device review agency, which works with the health ministry to approve cancer drugs and has largely closed the historical 'drug lag' with the US and Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pmda.md - Philippine General Hospital (institution): The Philippines' national university hospital, whose Cancer Institute is the country's main public referral centre for oncology and the site of its cancer control research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philippine-general-hospital.md - Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (institution): Gemelli is Rome's Catholic university hospital and a leader in gynaecologic oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemelli.md - Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (institution): The Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Łódź is a national research hospital for women's and children's health, including gynaecological and paediatric cancers, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polish-mothers-memorial-hospital.md - Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (institution): PGIMER Chandigarh is the main tertiary referral hospital for north-west India and the regional cancer centre for Punjab and Haryana; its nuclear medicine department is among India's most active in PSMA and FAPI PET imaging and lutetium radioligand therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pgimer-chandigarh.md - Prince of Wales Hospital / Chinese University of Hong Kong (institution): The hospital where plasma EBV DNA screening for nasopharyngeal cancer and cell-free DNA cancer detection were invented by Dennis Lo's group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prince-of-wales-hospital-cuhk.md - Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (institution): Princess Margaret is Canada's leading cancer centre and a pioneer in immunotherapy and cancer stem cell research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/princess-margaret.md - Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology (institution): The national children's cancer centre of the Netherlands, which concentrates all Dutch paediatric oncology care and research on one Utrecht campus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/princess-maxima.md - Prostate Cancer Foundation (institution): The foundation Michael Milken started in 1993 after his own diagnosis; it funds prostate cancer research worldwide and helped pay for the science behind two of the drugs men now take. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pcf.md - Providence Health & Services (institution): Providence is a 51-hospital US health system whose 1.3 billion pathology tiles trained Prov-GigaPath with Microsoft. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/providence-health.md - Purdue Institute for Cancer Research (institution): Purdue's NCI basic cancer centre, where Philip Low's folate- and PSMA-targeted ligands created Endocyte, the company Novartis bought for its radioligand programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/purdue-cancer-research.md - QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (institution): Queensland's medical research institute, a world leader in melanoma and skin cancer genetics, cancer epidemiology and adoptive T-cell therapy for virus-associated cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qimr-berghofer.md - QST Hospital (National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology) (institution): The world's first carbon-ion therapy hospital (HIMAC, 1994), which established the clinical evidence base for heavy-ion radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qst-hospital.md - Queen Mary Hospital / University of Hong Kong (institution): Hong Kong's principal teaching hospital, where living-donor liver transplantation for liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer research were advanced. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/queen-mary-hospital-hku.md - Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital (institution): The regional cancer centre for Hull, East Yorkshire and northern Lincolnshire, opened at Castle Hill Hospital in 2008. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/queens-centre-hull.md - R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (institution): R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology is the cancer research institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kavetsky-institute-kyiv.md - Radboudumc Centre for Oncology (institution): The university hospital of Nijmegen, a leading Dutch centre for prostate imaging, dendritic cell vaccines and tumour immunology, currently in OECI accreditation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radboudumc.md - Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre (institution): The Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute in Delhi opened in 1996 as a charitable hospital and is North India's largest private not-for-profit cancer centre; it was among the first Indian centres to offer robotic cancer surgery, in-house next-generation sequencing and a large bone marrow transplant unit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rgci.md - Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University (institution): Mahidol's second great teaching hospital, with leading Thai programmes in paediatric oncology, haematology, cancer genetics and hepatobiliary surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramathibodi-hospital.md - Rambam Health Care Campus (institution): Northern Israel's tertiary hospital, affiliated with the Technion, where the ubiquitin-proteasome discoveries behind proteasome inhibitors and degraders were made. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rambam.md - Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (institution): Renji Hospital and the Shanghai Cancer Institute on its campus are where CARsgen's solid-tumour CAR-T work began, including the Claudin 18.2 CAR-T satri-cel for stomach cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/renji-hospital.md - Riga East University Hospital / Oncology Centre of Latvia (institution): Latvia's largest hospital group, whose Oncology Centre of Latvia is the country's main cancer hospital and holds OECI Cancer Centre accreditation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/riga-east-university-hospital.md - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (institution): Denmark's national referral hospital, a leading Nordic centre for haematology, phase 1 trials and, with Herlev, tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rigshospitalet.md - Rijnstate (institution): A large Dutch teaching hospital in Arnhem whose oncology centre is accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rijnstate-arnhem.md - Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University (institution): Chicago's Northwestern cancer centre, a world leader in brain tumour therapy from Tumour Treating Fields to ultrasound opening of the blood-brain barrier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/northwestern-lurie.md - Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University (institution): McGill's Goodman Cancer Institute builds on the 1965 discovery here of carcinoembryonic antigen, the first clinically used tumour marker; its groups study breast cancer metastasis, mRNA translation control and tumour metabolism, and William Muller's HER2 mouse models are used worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mcgill-goodman.md - Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Roswell Park is America's first cancer centre (1898), with strengths in immunotherapy and cell therapy manufacturing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roswell-park.md - Royal Adelaide Hospital (institution): The Royal Adelaide Hospital is South Australia's largest hospital and its main cancer referral centre, with a phase 1 unit run with SAHMRI; the adjacent Australian Bragg Centre was built to house Australia's first proton therapy facility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/royal-adelaide-hospital.md - Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (institution): The hospital where all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic cured acute promyelocytic leukaemia, and still China's leading haematology centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ruijin-hospital.md - Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (institution): New Jersey's only NCI comprehensive cancer centre, which opened the state's first free-standing cancer hospital in 2025 with RWJBarnabas Health. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rutgers-cinj.md - Sahlgrenska University Hospital / Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research (institution): Western Sweden's university hospital, with a cancer research centre known for melanoma models, radionuclide dosimetry and childhood cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sahlgrenska.md - Saint Savvas General Oncology Hospital of Athens (institution): Greece's largest dedicated cancer hospital, in Athens, accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/saint-savvas-athens.md - Salk Institute Cancer Center (institution): Jonas Salk's institute, an NCI basic cancer centre since 1973, where tyrosine phosphorylation and much of nuclear receptor and metabolism biology were discovered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/salk-institute.md - Samsung Medical Center (institution): Samsung Medical Center in Seoul is Korea's highest-ranked cancer hospital and one of Asia's largest enrolling sites for lung, gastric and breast antibody-drug conjugate trials; it also runs a proton therapy centre. How far its largely Korean trial results generalise to other regions is a question regulators keep asking. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/samsung-medical-center.md - Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (institution): Sanford Burnham Prebys in La Jolla is an NCI basic laboratory cancer centre whose founding work on integrins and RGD adhesion peptides created the field of tumour-homing peptides; its Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics is one of the largest non-profit drug-screening facilities in academia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sanford-burnham-prebys.md - Sarcoma Oncology Center (institution): The Sarcoma Oncology Center in Santa Monica, the practice of Sant Chawla, offers sarcoma second opinions, clinical trials and multimodal treatment planning. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarcoma-oncology-center.md - Saskatchewan Cancer Agency (institution): Saskatchewan's provincial cancer agency, running the Allan Blair Cancer Centre in Regina and the Saskatoon Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/saskatchewan-cancer-agency.md - Scottish Medicines Consortium (institution): Scotland's health technology assessment body, which advises NHS Scotland on new medicines and applies a more flexible approach for end-of-life and orphan cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/smc.md - Seoul National University Hospital (institution): Seoul National University Hospital is Korea's national university hospital and a top global enroller for gastric and lung cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/snuh.md - Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (institution): Korea's largest blood cancer centre, where much of the country's haematopoietic transplant and leukaemia expertise was built. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seoul-st-marys-hospital.md - Severance Hospital, Yonsei University (institution): Severance Hospital houses Yonsei Cancer Center and Korea's first heavy-ion (carbon) therapy centre (2023). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/severance.md - Shaare Zedek Medical Center (institution): Jerusalem's community-facing academic hospital, home of ESMO-MCBS architect Nathan Cherny and leading BRCA population screening research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shaare-zedek.md - Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (institution): Shandong Cancer Hospital runs one of China's largest radiotherapy departments under Jinming Yu, with a proton therapy centre and PET-guided adaptive radiotherapy; it has led Chinese trials combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy in lung and oesophageal cancer and studies of brain metastasis management. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shandong-cancer-hospital.md - Shanghai Chest Hospital (institution): Shanghai Chest Hospital, China's first specialist chest hospital (1957), performs one of the world's largest volumes of lung and oesophageal operations and houses the Shanghai Lung Cancer Center; its investigators led the Chinese registration trials of EGFR, ALK and ROS1 inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-chest-hospital.md - Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (institution): Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital is a lung-only hospital with one of the largest thoracic surgery volumes anywhere; Caicun Zhou's medical oncology department was the Chinese lead site for the first-generation EGFR inhibitor trials and for camrelizumab, sintilimab and tislelizumab combinations in lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanghai-pulmonary-hospital.md - Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (institution): Pakistan's leading cancer hospital network, founded in 1994 in Lahore by Imran Khan in memory of his mother, treating most patients free of charge. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shaukat-khanum.md - Sheba Medical Center (institution): Israel's largest hospital, whose cancer centre led the POLO trial of olaparib in pancreatic cancer and runs one of the world's few TIL therapy programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sheba.md - Shizuoka Cancer Center (institution): A prefectural cancer centre near Mount Fuji with a proton facility and Project HOPE, one of Japan's largest multi-omics cancer profiling programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shizuoka-cancer-center.md - Sichuan Cancer Hospital (institution): Sichuan Cancer Hospital in Chengdu is a large provincial cancer centre known for oesophageal and head and neck cancer radiotherapy and a partner of the city's ADC companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sichuan-cancer-hospital.md - Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Jefferson Health (institution): Thomas Jefferson University's NCI-designated cancer centre, known for prostate cancer biology and GUCY2C-targeted colorectal cancer immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jefferson-kimmel.md - SIOP Europe (European Society for Paediatric Oncology) (institution): The European paediatric oncology society and the umbrella for the European clinical trial groups that treat most children with cancer on shared protocols. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/siop-europe.md - Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (institution): Thailand's oldest and largest hospital, with the country's leading academic oncology, haematology and hepatobiliary programmes and a new proton-equipped cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/siriraj-hospital.md - Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University (institution): Sequenced the first cancer genome (2008) and leads in neoantigen vaccine science and CIViC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wustl-siteman.md - Skåne University Hospital / Lund University Cancer Centre (institution): Southern Sweden's university hospital and Lund University's cancer centre, known for the population-wide SCAN-B breast cancer sequencing project. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lund-skane.md - Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (institution): The society of cancer immunologists and immuno-oncologists, whose annual meeting, guidelines and immune-related adverse event management resources track the immunotherapy era. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sitc.md - Society of Gynecologic Oncology (institution): The US society of gynaecologic oncologists, whose Annual Meeting on Women's Cancer is where the PARP inhibitor and immunotherapy trials in ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer are presented. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sgo.md - Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (institution): The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging represents US nuclear medicine and publishes the Journal of Nuclear Medicine; its annual meeting is where new PET tracers and radioligand therapy results are presented, and its procedure standards guide PSMA and somatostatin receptor imaging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/snmmi.md - Society of Surgical Oncology (institution): The international society of cancer surgeons, publisher of Annals of Surgical Oncology and co-author of the margin and de-escalation guidelines that changed breast and melanoma surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sso.md - SOLTI Cancer Research Group (institution): A Barcelona-based academic breast cancer group known for biomarker-driven trials that use PAM50 intrinsic subtypes to pick therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/solti.md - Somerset, Wiltshire, Avon and Gloucestershire Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Somerset, Wiltshire, Bristol, Bath, North Somerset, South Gloucestershire and Gloucestershire: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/swag-cancer-alliance.md - Soroka University Medical Center (institution): Soroka University Medical Center in Beersheba is the only tertiary hospital for Israel's Negev and Ben-Gurion University's teaching hospital; its oncology institute serves more than a million people, and its research using Clalit health records produces large epidemiological studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/soroka-medical-center.md - South East London Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the six South East London boroughs, including Lambeth, Southwark, Lewisham, Greenwich, Bromley and Bexley: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/south-east-london-cancer-alliance.md - South Yorkshire and Bassetlaw Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Sheffield, Rotherham, Doncaster, Barnsley and Bassetlaw: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/south-yorkshire-bassetlaw-cancer-alliance.md - Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) (institution): Spain's national cancer charity, founded in 1953 and based in Madrid, which funds research through its scientific foundation and supports patients across the country, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aecc.md - St Vincent's University Hospital / UCD Cancer Centre (institution): One of Ireland's eight designated cancer centres, run with University College Dublin and accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/st-vincents-ucd-cancer-centre.md - St. Baldrick's Foundation (institution): A volunteer-powered charity, born from a head-shaving dare in 2000, that says it funds more childhood cancer research grants than any organisation besides the US government. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/st-baldricks-foundation.md - St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (institution): The only NCI comprehensive cancer centre devoted to children, where Total Therapy protocols made childhood leukaemia curable; families are never billed for care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/st-jude.md - Stand Up To Cancer (institution): An entertainment-industry charity that funds multi-institution Dream Teams, with AACR as scientific partner, to move discoveries into trials quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stand-up-to-cancer.md - Stanford Health Care / Stanford Cancer Institute (institution): Stanford is home to CAR-T innovation (Mackall, Majzner), the CD47 discovery (Weissman), and AI in medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stanford.md - Stephenson Cancer Center, OU Health (institution): Oklahoma's only NCI-designated centre, consistently among the top enrollers in NRG gynaecologic trials and home of the SOLO1 and MIRASOL ovarian cancer lead investigator. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephenson-oklahoma.md - Steve Biko Academic Hospital / University of Pretoria (institution): Steve Biko Academic Hospital is the University of Pretoria's teaching hospital and Gauteng's northern tertiary centre; its large nuclear medicine department has led South African research on PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy for a largely public-sector population. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steve-biko-academic-hospital.md - Stockholm Gotland Comprehensive Cancer Network (SGCCN) (institution): The cancer network for the Stockholm and Gotland regions, built on the regional cancer centre RCC Stockholm Gotland, listed by the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes as a linked institution. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sgccn.md - Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (institution): Oman's national comprehensive cancer centre in Muscat, built to bring specialist cancer treatment and research to the country. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sultan-qaboos-cccrc.md - Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (institution): Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center is one of China's largest cancer centres, the global leader in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a top enroller for Chinese ADC and PD-1 trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sysucc.md - Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (institution): One of Canada's largest cancer centres, where focused ultrasound first opened the blood-brain barrier in a patient and Canada's first MR-linac was installed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunnybrook-odette.md - Surrey and Sussex Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Surrey and Sussex, from Guildford and Frimley to Brighton and Hastings: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surrey-sussex-cancer-alliance.md - Swissmedic (institution): Swissmedic authorises medicines and devices in Switzerland and Liechtenstein; because Switzerland sits outside the EU it runs its own approvals, but it shares work with the FDA through Project Orbis and the Access Consortium and relies on decisions by comparable regulators. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/swissmedic.md - SWOG Cancer Research Network (institution): SWOG is one of the US National Cancer Institute's cooperative groups: thousands of community and academic sites running practice-changing trials, including the 2026 first-line Hodgkin lymphoma result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/swog.md - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network / Children's Cancer Institute (institution): Australia's largest paediatric hospital network, which with the Children's Cancer Institute runs ZERO Childhood Cancer, a national precision medicine programme for every child with cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sydney-childrens-hospitals-network.md - Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami (institution): South Florida's NCI-designated cancer centre, serving a largely Hispanic catchment, with strengths in myeloma, myeloid malignancies and proton therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sylvester-miami.md - Taipei Veterans General Hospital (institution): Taipei Veterans General Hospital, founded in 1958, is one of Taiwan's three great medical centres; it opened Taiwan's first carbon-ion therapy centre in 2023, enrols heavily into EGFR and immunotherapy lung cancer trials, and runs Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/taipei-veterans-general-hospital.md - Tartu University Hospital (institution): Estonia's university hospital and its main cancer treatment and research centre, accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tartu-university-hospital.md - Tata Medical Center, Kolkata (institution): Eastern India's leading cancer hospital, opened by the Tata Trusts in 2011 with a strong paediatric and haematology programme and a translational research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tata-medical-center-kolkata.md - Tata Memorial Centre (institution): India's largest cancer centre, a leader in low-cost, high-impact trials such as low-dose immunotherapy and oral metronomic chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tata-memorial.md - Tata Trusts (institution): India's oldest philanthropic trusts, which built the Tata Memorial Hospital in 1941 and since 2017 have been building a network of 20 cancer hospitals across seven states so that treatment is closer to home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tata-trusts.md - Tatarstan Cancer Center, Kazan (institution): The regional cancer hospital for the Republic of Tatarstan in Kazan, founded in 1946, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tatarstan-cancer-center.md - Tawam Hospital (institution): The UAE's national referral hospital for cancer, with the country's first comprehensive oncology institute, bone marrow transplant service and long-standing Johns Hopkins affiliation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tawam-hospital.md - Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital (institution): The university hospital of central Finland and host of the FICAN Mid regional cancer centre, accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tays-cancer-centre.md - Teenage Cancer Trust (institution): The UK charity that built specialist hospital units and nursing for teenagers and young adults with cancer, so that they are treated alongside their peers rather than on children's or elderly wards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/teenage-cancer-trust.md - Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (institution): Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) is Tel Aviv University's main teaching hospital; its oncology division runs a large trial programme in gastrointestinal, breast and genitourinary cancers, and Ofer Merimsky's unit is Israel's reference centre for sarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tel-aviv-sourasky.md - Terry Fox Foundation (institution): The foundation that grew out of Terry Fox's 1980 Marathon of Hope; with the Terry Fox Research Institute it funds cancer research across Canada from the annual Terry Fox Run. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/terry-fox-foundation.md - Terry Fox Research Institute (institution): The Canadian cancer research institute funded by the Terry Fox Foundation, which runs the pan-Canadian Marathon of Hope Cancer Centres Network for precision oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/terry-fox-research-institute.md - Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center (institution): One of the largest paediatric cancer centres in the US, Baylor's children's hospital, and founder of the Global HOPE programme for childhood cancer in Africa. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/texas-childrens.md - Thames Valley Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire and parts of Swindon and Wiltshire: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thames-valley-cancer-alliance.md - The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam (institution): The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam is a private teaching hospital of the Aga Khan Health Services with a cancer centre that is one of Tanzania's few comprehensive cancer services, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aga-khan-hospital-dar-es-salaam.md - The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (institution): The Christie is Europe's largest single-site cancer centre and the UK's first NHS proton therapy centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/the-christie.md - The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust (institution): One of England's few specialist cancer hospital trusts, serving Merseyside and Cheshire, with the UK's first proton therapy service (for eye tumours) and a new Liverpool hospital opened in 2020. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clatterbridge.md - The Francis Crick Institute (institution): The Francis Crick Institute is Europe's largest biomedical research institute, home of the TRACERx tumour evolution studies (Swanton). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/francis-crick.md - The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) (institution): Canada's largest children's hospital, where brain tumour stem cells were first isolated and where the Li-Fraumeni surveillance protocol was developed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sickkids.md - The Institute of Cancer Research (institution): Discovered more cancer drugs than any other academic institution, including abiraterone and the clinical use of PARP inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icr-london.md - The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center (institution): The Jackson Laboratory in Maine breeds the world's genetically defined laboratory mice, including the immunodeficient NSG strain behind patient-derived xenograft research, and has held NCI basic cancer centre status since 1983; its PDX repository is open to academic and industry researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jackson-laboratory.md - The Jimmy Fund (institution): Dana-Farber's fundraising arm since 1948, born from a radio broadcast at a boy's bedside; the Boston Red Sox have been its partner since 1953 and the Pan-Mass Challenge its largest source of money. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jimmy-fund.md - The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research (institution): A philanthropic funder that backs high-risk cancer biology, tumour-immunology and computational projects and invests in start-ups translating them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-foundation.md - The Mount Sinai Hospital / Tisch Cancer Institute (institution): Mount Sinai is a New York academic centre with strengths in myeloma and cancer immunology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mount-sinai.md - The new AIIMS network (PMSSY) (institution): India has multiplied its flagship AIIMS medical institutes from one to more than twenty, each with an oncology department, to bring specialist cancer care and training to states that had none. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aiims-network.md - The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (institution): Where John Byrd's team turned ibrutinib into the drug that transformed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; Ohio State's NCI comprehensive centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/osu-james.md - The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre / Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (institution): Ottawa's academic cancer centre, a world leader in oncolytic viruses (John Bell), the first made-in-Canada CAR-T trial and pragmatic REaCT trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ottawa-hospital.md - The Royal Marsden (institution): The Royal Marsden was the world's first hospital dedicated to cancer (1851) and is paired with the Institute of Cancer Research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/royal-marsden.md - The University of Kansas Cancer Center (institution): The NCI comprehensive centre for Kansas and western Missouri, active in drug repurposing, triple-negative breast cancer trials and rural access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ku-cancer-center.md - The V Foundation for Cancer Research (institution): The US charity founded by ESPN and coach Jim Valvano that funds translational and early-career cancer research, with every donated dollar going to grants. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/v-foundation.md - The Wistar Institute (institution): America's first independent biomedical research institute (1892), an NCI basic cancer centre known for melanoma biology, monoclonal antibodies and DNA vaccines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wistar.md - Therapeutic Goods Administration (institution): Australia's medicines and devices regulator, a Project Orbis and Access Consortium partner that registers cancer drugs before PBAC decides whether to subsidise them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tga.md - Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (institution): The birthplace of Chinese oncology (an 1861 mission hospital, made a cancer hospital in 1952 under Jin Xianzhai) and a national centre for breast and pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tmucih.md - Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University (institution): Ethiopia's largest referral and teaching hospital, for decades the country's only radiotherapy centre and the base of its oncology training. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tikur-anbessa-hospital.md - Tohoku University Hospital (institution): Sendai's university hospital and the clinical arm of the Tohoku Medical Megabank, with strengths in breast cancer, gastroenterology and imaging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tohoku-university-hospital.md - Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (institution): Tongji Hospital in Wuhan is Central China's largest hospital; its cancer centre enrols into domestic PD-1, antibody-drug conjugate and targeted therapy registration trials, and Ding Ma's group leads national research on cervical and ovarian cancer and HPV. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tongji-hospital-wuhan.md - Trinity St James's Cancer Institute (institution): Ireland's first OECI-accredited Comprehensive Cancer Centre, a partnership between St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trinity-st-jamess-cancer-institute.md - TROG Cancer Research (institution): The Australian and New Zealand radiation oncology trials group, which has run practice-changing trials of hypofractionation, stereotactic radiotherapy and radiation-drug combinations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trog.md - TUM Klinikum rechts der Isar / CCC München (institution): Munich's technical university hospital, one half of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich and a leader in PSMA imaging and radiopharmaceutical chemistry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tum-munich.md - Turku University Hospital Cancer Centre (institution): The university hospital of south-west Finland and host of FICAN West, with OECI Cancer Centre accreditation and a strong PET imaging tradition. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/turku-university-hospital.md - Tygerberg Hospital / Stellenbosch University (institution): Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, opened in 1976, is one of the Western Cape's two central academic hospitals and Stellenbosch University's teaching hospital; it provides public-sector oncology and radiotherapy and leads research in paediatric oncology and HIV-associated cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tygerberg-hospital.md - UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center serves California's Central Valley and runs comparative oncology trials in pet dogs with naturally occurring cancers alongside the veterinary school, a model for speeding up immunotherapy and radiotherapy development; its director Primo Lara leads SWOG genitourinary and lung cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uc-davis-cancer.md - UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center (institution): San Diego's NCI comprehensive cancer centre, where the anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab and the ROR1 antibody behind zilovertamab were developed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ucsd-moores.md - UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Where trastuzumab (Slamon) and palbociclib were developed clinically, and a leader in PSMA PET and melanoma immunotherapy (Ribas). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ucla-jonsson.md - UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): UCSF is the birthplace of oncogene biology (Bishop, Varmus) and KRAS G12C drugging (Shokat), and a leader in I-SPY adaptive breast trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ucsf.md - Uganda Cancer Institute (institution): East Africa's oldest cancer research institute, founded in 1967 to study Burkitt lymphoma, and now a national cancer centre with a Fred Hutch partnership and Africa's first purpose-built cancer research facility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uganda-cancer-institute.md - UMC Utrecht Cancer Center (institution): The Dutch university cancer centre that invented the MR-linac and sits at the heart of the Utrecht organoid and Oncode ecosystem. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/umc-utrecht.md - Umeå University Hospital (Norrland University Hospital) (institution): Umeå University Hospital is the university hospital for northern Sweden, run by Region Västerbotten with Umeå University, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/umea-university-hospital.md - UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Where Charles Perou defined the PAM50 intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer; a public university centre with in-house CAR-T manufacturing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/unc-lineberger.md - UNICANCER (institution): UNICANCER is the network of France's comprehensive cancer centres and its academic trials sponsor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/unicancer.md - Uniklinik Köln (CIO) (institution): Uniklinik Köln runs the Centre for Integrated Oncology and leads lung cancer genomics via the Network Genomic Medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uniklinik-koeln.md - Union for International Cancer Control (institution): The Geneva-based membership body of more than 1,100 cancer organisations that runs World Cancer Day, the World Cancer Congress and the TNM staging system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uicc.md - Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College (institution): Wuhan Union Hospital, founded in 1866, is a national regional medical centre whose cancer centre runs breast, lymphoma, myeloma and radiotherapy programmes and one of China's newer proton therapy centres; it is a frequent lead site for Chinese CAR-T and breast antibody-drug conjugate trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/union-hospital-wuhan.md - Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (institution): UKE Hamburg is a German university cancer centre with strengths in prostate cancer surgery (Martini-Klinik) and haematology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uke-hamburg.md - University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT) (institution): The University Cancer Center Frankfurt, founded in 2008, is a German Cancer Aid centre of excellence; it inherits Paul Ehrlich's Georg-Speyer-Haus, where the 'magic bullet' idea behind antibody-drug conjugates was born, and its clinical strengths are acute leukaemia, CAR-T and neuro-oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uct-frankfurt.md - University Cancer Center Mainz (UCT Mainz) / Universitätsmedizin Mainz (institution): The university medical centre where Uğur Şahin and Özlem Türeci built the science behind BioNTech and personalised mRNA cancer vaccines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uct-mainz.md - University Clinic for Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje (institution): University Clinic for Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje is North Macedonia's national centre for radiotherapy and medical oncology, on the Skopje clinical campus, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/university-clinic-radiotherapy-oncology-skopje.md - University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk (institution): The University Clinical Centre in Gdańsk is the teaching hospital of the Medical University of Gdańsk, the largest hospital in northern Poland, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uck-gdansk.md - University College Hospital, Ibadan (institution): Nigeria's first teaching hospital, founded in 1957, and a leading centre for oncology, radiotherapy and cancer research in West Africa. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uch-ibadan.md - University College London Hospitals / UCL Cancer Institute (institution): Central London's university hospital and one of two NHS proton beam therapy centres, backed by UCL's cancer institute and its CAR-T and lung cancer evolution research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uclh.md - University Hospital Basel / Tumour Centre (institution): University Hospital Basel coordinates cancer care in the home city of Roche and Novartis; its groups run early-phase tumour immunology trials, study breast cancer metastasis, and develop peptide radioligands such as exendin-based imaging of insulinomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/usb-basel.md - University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana (institution): Albania's main university hospital in Tirana, the country's largest, and an associate member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mother-teresa-hospital-tirana.md - University Hospital Düsseldorf / CIO Düsseldorf (institution): Düsseldorf's university hospital, a partner in the CIO cancer centre alliance and a leading site for FAPI and PSMA imaging under Frederik Giesel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uk-duesseldorf.md - University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre (institution): University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre is Croatia's dedicated cancer hospital, part of the Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre in Zagreb, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sestre-milosrdnice-tumors.md - University Hospital Southampton / Centre for Cancer Immunology (institution): Southampton's university hospital and the UK's first purpose-built cancer immunology centre, known for antibody engineering and lymphoma trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/southampton-cancer.md - University Hospital Waterford (institution): University Hospital Waterford is the regional hospital for the south-east of Ireland, run by the Health Service Executive, with a cancer centre providing surgery, medical oncology and radiotherapy, and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/university-hospital-waterford.md - University Hospital Zurich / Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (institution): Zurich's university hospital and cancer centre, a world reference in neuro-oncology, melanoma and single-cell tumour imaging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/usz-zurich.md - University Hospitals Birmingham / University of Birmingham Cancer Research Centre (institution): Birmingham's Queen Elizabeth Hospital is the West Midlands' cancer centre, with one of the UK's largest stem cell transplant programmes; the university's Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit ran POUT in upper-tract urothelial cancer and FOxTROT in colon cancer, plus paediatric leukaemia trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/birmingham-cancer-centre.md - University Medical Center Groningen Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): The university hospital of the northern Netherlands, home of the country's first proton therapy centre and accredited by OECI as a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/umcg-groningen.md - University of Arizona Cancer Center (institution): The University of Arizona Cancer Center in Tucson has been an NCI comprehensive centre since 1990; it built its reputation on skin cancer chemoprevention trials and on colorectal and prostate prevention studies, and it now runs a phase 1 programme and border-health research for a catchment with large Hispanic and Native American populations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arizona-cancer-center.md - University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Where Charles Huggins proved hormones drive prostate cancer and Janet Rowley found the chromosome translocations behind leukaemia; strong in tumour immunology today. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uchicago-cancer.md - University of Colorado Cancer Center (institution): The University of Colorado Cancer Center serves the Rocky Mountain states; its thoracic oncology group defined how ALK, ROS1 and NTRK fusion-driven lung cancers behave and helped bring crizotinib, entrectinib and larotrectinib to patients, and it holds a lung cancer SPORE grant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colorado-cancer-center.md - University of Florida Health Cancer Center (institution): Florida's newest NCI-designated centre (2023), with a pioneering proton institute in Jacksonville and personalised mRNA vaccine work in brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uf-health-cancer-center.md - University of Galway / Saolta Cancer Centre (institution): The designated cancer centre for the west and north-west of Ireland, run by the Saolta hospital group with the University of Galway and accredited by OECI as a Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/galway-university-hospital-cancer-centre.md - University of Hawai'i Cancer Center (institution): The only NCI-designated centre in the Pacific, co-founder of the Multiethnic Cohort Study of cancer risk across Asian, Pacific Islander and other populations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hawaii-cancer-center.md - University of Malaya Medical Centre (institution): Malaysia's leading academic hospital, with the UM Cancer Research Institute and landmark multi-ethnic breast cancer genetics and outcomes studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ummc-kuala-lumpur.md - University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Baltimore's second NCI comprehensive centre, with the Maryland Proton Treatment Center and the GammaPod breast radiotherapy system invented on campus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maryland-greenebaum.md - University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center (institution): Michigan's Rogel Cancer Center is home to the TMPRSS2-ERG discovery, MI-ONCOSEQ, and pioneering degrader chemistry (Wang). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michigan-rogel.md - University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): New Mexico's only cancer centre, an NCI comprehensive centre serving a majority-minority state and home of the state-wide HPV Pap Registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/unm-cancer-center.md - University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (institution): One of the original 1973 NCI comprehensive centres, where 5-fluorouracil was synthesised, reverse transcriptase was discovered and TomoTherapy was invented. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uw-carbone.md - UPMC Hillman Cancer Center (institution): UPMC Hillman is Pittsburgh's NCI comprehensive centre; Bernard Fisher ran the NSABP breast trials here, Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore discovered Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus, and its LAG-3 biology underpins the melanoma drug relatlimab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/upmc-hillman.md - Uppsala University Hospital / Uppsala University (institution): Uppsala University Hospital is Sweden's oldest; its neuroendocrine tumour centre built by Kjell Öberg is an ENETS Centre of Excellence with long experience of somatostatin analogues and radionuclide therapy, and Sweden's national Skandion proton clinic opened next door in 2015. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uppsala-akademiska.md - USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): USC Norris was one of the first eight NCI comprehensive cancer centres in 1973; Peter Jones's work here on 5-azacytidine and DNA methylation founded cancer epigenetic therapy, Heinz-Josef Lenz leads its gastrointestinal and SWOG colorectal trials, and its Multiethnic Cohort Study tracks cancer risk across ethnic groups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/usc-norris.md - UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Virginia's first NCI comprehensive centre (2021), a leader in melanoma peptide vaccines and therapeutic focused ultrasound. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uva-cancer-center.md - UZ Leuven / Leuven Cancer Institute (institution): Belgium's largest university hospital and an OECI-accredited comprehensive cancer centre, with world-class gastrointestinal, gynaecological and angiogenesis research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uz-leuven.md - Vall d'Hebron University Hospital / VHIO (institution): Vall d'Hebron is Spain's leading cancer research hospital and a global leader in phase 1 and breast cancer ADC trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vall-dhebron.md - Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (institution): Tennessee's NCI comprehensive centre, birthplace of the My Cancer Genome knowledge base and the molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vanderbilt-ingram.md - VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center (institution): Richmond's NCI comprehensive cancer centre, led by Robert Winn and known for community-engaged research on cancer health equity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vcu-massey.md - Vejle Hospital Cancer Centre (Lillebaelt Hospital) (institution): Denmark's designated 'patients' cancer hospital', a regional centre in Vejle with OECI Cancer Centre accreditation and a strong record in patient-reported outcomes research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vejle-cancer-centre.md - Velindre Cancer Centre (institution): Wales's specialist non-surgical cancer centre, providing radiotherapy and systemic therapy for south-east Wales and hosting the Wales Cancer Research Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/velindre-cardiff.md - Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, London Health Sciences Centre (institution): The Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre at London Health Sciences Centre is the regional cancer centre for south-western Ontario; with Western University it led SABR-COMET, the Canadian trial of stereotactic radiotherapy for patients with a few metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lhsc-verspeeten.md - Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (K Hospital) (institution): Vietnam's national cancer hospital and institute, the country's largest cancer facility and the coordinator of its cancer registry and control programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/k-hospital-hanoi.md - Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos (institution): Santaros Klinikos is the teaching hospital of Vilnius University's Faculty of Medicine and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/santaros-klinikos.md - Vivli (institution): The non-profit platform through which pharmaceutical companies and funders share anonymised individual patient data from completed trials, including thousands of oncology studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vivli.md - Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (institution): Australia's oldest medical research institute, where the BCL-2 family of cell-death proteins was discovered, leading to venetoclax. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wehi.md - Weizmann Institute of Science (institution): Israel's basic research institute, whose HER receptor, p53, single-cell immunology and microbiome discoveries have shaped cancer biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/weizmann.md - Wellcome (institution): One of the world's largest charitable science funders and a founding partner of the Francis Crick Institute and the Wellcome Sanger Institute, home of the COSMIC cancer mutation database. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wellcome.md - Wellcome Sanger Institute (institution): The UK genome institute whose Cancer Genome Project found the BRAF mutation in melanoma, built COSMIC and defined mutational signatures. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wellcome-sanger.md - Wessex Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for Hampshire, the Isle of Wight and Dorset: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wessex-cancer-alliance.md - West China Hospital, Sichuan University (institution): West China Hospital is one of the largest hospitals in the world and a top-4 Nature Index healthcare institution, strong in oncology and biotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/west-china.md - West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen (institution): One of Germany's oldest and largest cancer centres, home to the West German Proton Therapy Centre and a leading melanoma and theranostics programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/essen-wtz.md - West Japan Oncology Group (institution): Japan's second national cooperative group, born in thoracic oncology; its WJTOG3405 trial helped establish EGFR inhibitors as first-line lung cancer therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wjog.md - West Midlands Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for the West Midlands, including Birmingham, the Black Country, Coventry, Warwickshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Shropshire and Staffordshire: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/west-midlands-cancer-alliance.md - West Yorkshire and Harrogate Cancer Alliance (institution): The NHS England Cancer Alliance for West Yorkshire and Harrogate, including Leeds, Bradford, Wakefield, Kirklees and Calderdale: the partnership that plans and improves cancer services across its hospitals, GPs and community services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/west-yorkshire-harrogate-cancer-alliance.md - Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals (institution): One of only a handful of dedicated cancer hospitals in England, serving South Yorkshire and beyond since 1970. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/weston-park-sheffield.md - Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester (institution): Upstate New York's Wilmot Cancer Institute, NCI-designated in 2024 and a national leader in geriatric oncology and cancer-control research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wilmot.md - Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University (institution): Winship is Georgia's only NCI comprehensive cancer centre; its myeloma programme under Sagar Lonial shaped daratumumab development, Suresh Ramalingam led the FLAURA trial that made osimertinib first-line for EGFR-mutant lung cancer, and it runs one of the South's largest phase 1 units. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emory-winship.md - World Health Organization Cancer Programme (institution): The UN health agency that sets global cancer policy: the cervical cancer elimination strategy, the essential medicines list, the childhood cancer initiative and the classification of tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/who.md - Worldwide Cancer Research (institution): A Scottish charity that funds early-stage discovery research on cancer anywhere in the world, rather than only in the UK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/worldwide-cancer-research.md - Yale Cancer Center / Smilow Cancer Hospital (institution): Connecticut's only NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre, on the campus where nitrogen mustard was first given to a cancer patient in 1942, the beginning of chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yale-cancer-center.md - Yale School of Medicine / Yale Cancer Center (institution): Home of the Cell2Sentence single-cell language models built with Google, and an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yale-school-of-medicine.md - Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) Project (institution): The Yale programme that acts as independent steward of clinical trial data from Johnson & Johnson and other sponsors, letting outside researchers re-analyse trials including oncology studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yoda-project.md - Zealand University Hospital (institution): Zealand University Hospital, on the Køge and Roskilde sites, is the university hospital of Denmark's Region Zealand and a full member of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zealand-university-hospital.md - Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (institution): Zhejiang's provincial cancer centre and a leading Chinese site for thoracic radiotherapy, oesophageal and lung cancer trials, and cancer screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhejiang-cancer-hospital.md - Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (institution): Shanghai's leading general hospital and a world centre for liver cancer surgery and research, home of the Liver Cancer Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhongshan-hospital-fudan.md ## Pathways (107) The classic signalling circuits, drawn and explained. - Acute myeloid leukaemia (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's AML map shows the two hits that turn a normal blood stem cell into a leukaemia: a growth signal jammed on (FLT3, KIT or RAS) plus a broken maturation switch (fusion proteins such as PML-RARA or AML1-ETO, or mutated CEBPA and RUNX1). Drugs now exist for both halves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aml-signalling.md - Androgen receptor signalling (pathway): Androgen receptor signalling is prostate cancer's engine. Testosterone becomes DHT, binds the androgen receptor, and drives growth genes. Castration removes the fuel; newer pills block the receptor or the enzyme that makes fuel inside the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ar-signaling.md - Antigen presentation & immune editing (pathway): How the immune system sees cancer, and how cancer learns to hide. Tumours display fragments of their proteins on MHC molecules; T cells kill the ones they recognise; the survivors are the ones that stopped showing fragments or switched on brakes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antigen-presentation-immunoediting.md - Autophagy (pathway): Autophagy is the cell's recycling programme. Cancer cells, especially pancreatic and RAS-driven tumours, use it to survive starvation and drug stress, which is why hydroxychloroquine, an old malaria drug that blocks it, keeps appearing in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/autophagy.md - B-cell receptor / BTK signalling (to NF-κB) (pathway): The B-cell receptor is the survival switch of B cells. Signals from it pass through BTK to free NF-kappa-B, which keeps the cell alive. B-cell cancers hold it on; BTK inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors and lenalidomide each cut the line at a different point. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcr-signalling.md - Basal cell carcinoma (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's basal cell carcinoma map is the Hedgehog pathway: loss of the brake PTCH1 or activation of SMO leaves GLI transcription factors permanently on. Hedgehog inhibitors (vismodegib, sonidegib) shut this down in advanced disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/basal-cell-carcinoma-signalling.md - Base excision repair, PARP & alkylation damage (pathway): Tens of thousands of times a day a single DNA letter is oxidised or chemically scarred. A small crew snips it out and PARP marks the nick so it gets sealed. PARP inhibitors do not just switch PARP off; they trap it on the DNA, turning a harmless nick into a lethal break when the cell copies its DNA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/base-excision-repair-parp.md - Basement membrane & tissue barriers (pathway): Every organ keeps its lining cells behind a thin, dense sheet of protein called the basement membrane. A tumour that has not crossed it is 'in situ' and essentially curable; crossing it is the moment cancer becomes invasive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/basement-membrane-tissue-barriers.md - BCR::ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome) (pathway): Chronic myeloid leukaemia is caused by one broken gene: two chromosomes swap pieces and glue a kinase (ABL1) to a protein that forces it permanently on. Imatinib, the first drug to target it, turned a fatal disease into a manageable one, and later drugs cover the mutations that escape it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcr-abl1-signalling.md - Bladder cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's bladder cancer map shows two routes: low-grade papillary tumours driven by FGFR3 or HRAS activating the MAPK relay, and high-grade invasive tumours that lose TP53 and RB1. Erdafitinib targets the first route; antibody-drug conjugates and PD-1 antibodies now anchor treatment of the second. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bladder-cancer-signalling.md - Breast cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's breast cancer map lays out the three clinical subtypes as signalling routes: oestrogen receptor driving cyclin D and CDK4/6 in hormone-receptor-positive disease, HER2 driving PI3K/AKT and MAPK in HER2-positive disease, and EGFR, Notch, Wnt and BRCA defects in triple-negative disease. Each route has its own drug class. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-cancer-signalling.md - Cancer cachexia (pathway): The wasting syndrome that kills up to a third of cancer patients: tumours send hormonal signals (GDF-15, IL-6) that switch off appetite and burn muscle and fat. The first drug to reverse it, ponsegromab, showed weight gain in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cachexia-biology.md - Cancer metabolism (pathway): Cancer cells rewire how they eat. They burn glucose inefficiently but fast (the Warburg effect), gorge on glutamine and fats, and build the nucleotides and lipids needed to divide. This is why the FDG PET scan works, and why metabolism is a drug target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-metabolism.md - Cancer neuroscience (nerve-tumour signalling) (pathway): Cancer neuroscience is the study of how tumours talk to nerves. Nerves grow into tumours and feed them signals; brain tumours even wire themselves into neural circuits. Cutting the conversation with common drugs such as beta-blockers is now being tested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-neuroscience.md - Cancer stem cells & phenotypic plasticity (pathway): Some cancer cells behave like stem cells: they can regrow the whole tumour, resist treatment, and switch identities. This plasticity explains why tumours come back and why some lung and prostate cancers transform into a different cancer type under therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-stem-cells-plasticity.md - CD47 / SIRPα (the 'don't eat me' signal) (pathway): Macrophages eat cells that look wrong unless the cell shows CD47, a 'don't eat me' badge that binds SIRP-alpha. Leukaemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, lymphomas and carcinomas overproduce CD47 to escape being eaten; antibodies that cover the badge work in the lab, but the leading drug, magrolimab, failed in blood cancers because red cells wear the same badge and lose it too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd47-sirpa.md - Cellular senescence (pathway): Damaged cells can stop dividing permanently instead of dying. That protects against cancer at first, but senescent cells linger, secrete inflammatory signals, and after chemotherapy can help tumours relapse, so removing them (senolytics) is a new strategy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/senescence.md - cGAS-STING innate sensing (pathway): cGAS-STING is the cell's alarm for DNA in the wrong place. Radiation, chemotherapy, and ADCs spill DNA into the cytoplasm; cGAS detects it, STING sounds the alarm, and interferon calls in the immune system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cgas-sting.md - Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation (pathway): This KEGG map shows how chemicals in tobacco smoke, industrial pollutants, plastics and hormones cause cancer without directly damaging DNA: they switch on receptors that drive growth signalling. It matters because these routes explain part of the cancer burden from smoking, dioxins and hormone exposure, and several of the receptors are druggable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemical-carcinogenesis-receptor-activation.md - Choline metabolism in cancer (pathway): This KEGG map shows how cancer cells rewire the handling of choline, a nutrient used to build cell membranes, so that growth signals and membrane building feed each other. It matters because the resulting build-up of phosphocholine is visible on MR spectroscopy and PET scans and is one of the metabolic hallmarks of cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/choline-metabolism-in-cancer.md - Chromosomal instability & aneuploidy (pathway): Most cancers have the wrong number of chromosomes and keep shuffling them at every division. This chaos fuels evolution and drug resistance, but it also stresses the cell and can trigger immune alarms, a double edge that researchers are trying to exploit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chromosomal-instability.md - Chronic myeloid leukaemia (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's CML map is built around one fusion protein, BCR-ABL1, a kinase that never switches off and drives RAS, PI3K and STAT5 signalling. Because a single enzyme causes the disease, a single class of pill (imatinib and its successors) controls it in most patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cml-signalling.md - Circadian control (pathway): Cells run on a 24-hour clock that gates cell division, DNA repair, and drug metabolism. Cancers often break their clocks, and the time of day a drug or immunotherapy is given can change how well it works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/circadian-control.md - Clonal evolution & minimal residual disease (pathway): A tumour is a population that evolves by natural selection. Treatment kills the sensitive cells and selects the rest, which is why resistance is the rule; measuring the surviving population (MRD) and adapting therapy is the counter-strategy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clonal-evolution.md - Clonal haematopoiesis (CHIP) (pathway): As we age, blood stem cells with cancer-like mutations quietly expand in most people. These clones raise leukaemia and heart disease risk, are accelerated by chemotherapy, and confuse blood tests for cancer DNA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clonal-haematopoiesis.md - Cold tumours: immune deserts and exclusion (pathway): Tumours come in three immune weathers: inflamed (T cells inside, checkpoint drugs work), excluded (T cells stuck at the edge), and desert (no T cells at all). Most common cancers are excluded or desert, and turning them 'hot' is the central problem of immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immune-desert-exclusion.md - Colorectal cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): This KEGG map traces the step-by-step genetic route from normal bowel lining to colorectal cancer: APC loss unleashes Wnt, KRAS mutation drives growth, then TP53 and TGF-beta/SMAD4 loss remove the last brakes, or alternatively mismatch repair fails and mutations pile up. Knowing which route a tumour took decides which drugs work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colorectal-cancer-signalling.md - Complement in cancer (pathway): Complement is a cascade of blood proteins that punches holes in things marked by antibodies and calls in inflammatory cells. Therapeutic antibodies such as rituximab use it to kill cancer cells; tumours defend themselves with shields (CD46, CD55, CD59), and the cascade's own by-products (C5a) can recruit the myeloid cells that protect the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/complement-in-cancer.md - DNA damage response & homologous recombination (pathway): The DNA damage response is the cell's set of repair crews. Single-strand breaks are patched by PARP; double-strand breaks by BRCA-dependent homologous recombination. Lose one crew and the cell survives; lose both and it dies. That is how PARP inhibitors work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ddr.md - DNA replication & origin licensing (pathway): Before a cell divides it must copy three billion letters of DNA exactly once, 'licensing' thousands of start points in advance and firing them in waves. Cancers driven by MYC, cyclin E or RAS fire excess start points too fast, and antimetabolites such as 5-FU, topoisomerase poisons such as irinotecan and platinum drugs all jam this copying machinery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dna-replication-licensing.md - DNA replication stress (pathway): Cancers copy their DNA too fast and with broken checkpoints, so replication forks stall and collapse. They survive only by leaning on emergency repair kinases such as ATR, CHK1, and WEE1, which is why blocking those kinases can be selectively lethal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/replication-stress.md - Double-strand break repair: HR versus end joining (pathway): A break through both strands of DNA is the most dangerous lesion a cell faces. Two crews compete to fix it: homologous recombination copies the answer from the sister chromosome (accurate, needs BRCA), while end joining simply glues the ends (fast, sloppy). Which crew wins decides whether PARP inhibitors and radiation kill the cell. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/homologous-recombination-repair.md - Drivers, passengers & the two-hit model (pathway): Of the thousands of mutations in a tumour, only a handful (typically 2-8) actually drive it. Drivers either jam an accelerator on (oncogenes, one hit is enough) or remove a brake (tumour suppressors, both copies must go). Everything else is a passenger along for the ride. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncogene-activation-two-hit.md - Drug efflux pumps (ABC transporters) (pathway): Cancer cells can install pumps in their outer membrane that throw chemotherapy back out as fast as it comes in. The same pumps guard the gut, brain and bone marrow in healthy tissue, which is why blocking them failed as a strategy and why drug designers now choose payloads the pumps cannot grip. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drug-efflux-pumps.md - Drug-tolerant persister cells (pathway): Even when a drug wipes out 99% of a tumour, a few cells survive without any resistance mutation: they go quiet, stop dividing, and wait. These persisters are the seed of relapse. They are hard to kill precisely because they are not doing much, but they have their own weaknesses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drug-tolerant-persisters.md - Endometrial cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's endometrial cancer map shows oestrogen-related type I tumours with PTEN loss, KRAS and beta-catenin mutations and faulty mismatch repair, and type II tumours with TP53 mutation and HER2 amplification. Immunotherapy for mismatch-repair-deficient tumours and HER2-directed therapy follow directly from this split. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endometrial-cancer-signalling.md - Epigenetic reprogramming (pathway): Cancer changes not just its genes but how they are read: chemical tags on DNA and histones silence guardians and awaken growth programmes. Unlike mutations, these changes are reversible, which is the hope behind epigenetic drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epigenetic-reprogramming.md - Epithelial-mesenchymal transition & drug efflux (pathway): How a cancer cell changes shape to migrate and to shrug off drugs. Transcription factors like ZEB1 and SNAIL loosen the cell, switch on pumps that eject chemotherapy, and hide it from the immune system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emt.md - Extrinsic apoptosis (death receptors) (pathway): Immune cells kill by touch: they present FAS ligand or TRAIL to a target cell, whose death receptors then trigger self-destruction from the outside in. Tumours cut this wire by deleting the receptors or over-producing decoys and blockers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/extrinsic-apoptosis-death-receptors.md - Ferroptosis & regulated cell death (pathway): Cells can die in several programmed ways. Beyond the classic apoptosis, ferroptosis kills through iron-driven fat oxidation, and drug-resistant, mesenchymal cancer cells turn out to be unusually prone to it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ferroptosis-cell-death.md - FGF / FGFR signalling (pathway): Fibroblast growth factor receptors are growth antennas on the cell surface. Bladder cancer mutates FGFR3, bile duct cancer fuses FGFR2 to other genes, and stomach cancer overproduces FGFR2b; each has its own drug, and each brings a tell-tale side effect (high phosphate) because the same receptors control phosphate in the kidney. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fgfr-signalling.md - Fibroblast activation, desmoplasia & matrix stiffness (pathway): Tumours recruit the body's repair cells, fibroblasts, and keep them in wound-healing mode forever. The scar tissue they lay down (desmoplasia) squeezes blood vessels shut, walls out immune cells, stiffens the tissue in a way that itself tells cancer cells to grow, and is why pancreatic cancer is so hard to treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caf-activation-desmoplasia.md - Field cancerisation (pathway): Cancer often arises from a whole region of tissue that already carries mutations, not from one rogue cell. Sun-exposed skin, smokers' airways, and Barrett's oesophagus are patchworks of mutant clones competing long before a tumour appears. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/field-cancerisation.md - Gastric cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): This KEGG map splits stomach cancer into two routes: the intestinal type that accumulates TP53, APC and HER2 changes step by step, and the diffuse type driven by loss of the cell glue E-cadherin plus MET or FGFR2 amplification. It matters because HER2, FGFR2, claudin 18.2 and PD-1 status now decide first-line treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gastric-cancer-signalling.md - Glioma (KEGG map) (pathway): This KEGG map shows the two genetic roads to glioblastoma: primary tumours amplify EGFR and lose PTEN and p16, secondary tumours from lower-grade astrocytomas over-express PDGF and CDK4 and lose TP53 and RB. It explains why growth-factor and cell-cycle drugs are the main targeted options in brain tumours, and why paediatric low-grade gliomas with BRAF changes respond to MAPK inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glioma-signalling.md - Glutamine addiction (pathway): After glucose, glutamine is the tumour's favourite food. It feeds the energy cycle, donates nitrogen for making DNA letters, and makes the antioxidant glutathione. MYC- and KRAS-driven cancers eat so much of it that they starve the T cells next door. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glutamine-metabolism.md - Hedgehog signalling (pathway): A developmental pathway that shapes embryos and is switched back on in basal cell skin cancer and some brain tumours. Blocking it cures most advanced basal cell carcinomas, but tumours learn to reactivate it downstream. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hedgehog.md - Hepatocellular carcinoma (KEGG map) (pathway): This KEGG map shows how hepatitis viruses, alcohol and aflatoxin leave the liver with mutations in telomerase, TP53, Wnt/beta-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and the oxidative stress sensor NRF2, which together drive liver cancer. It matters because the map explains why liver cancer is treated mainly with angiogenesis blockers and immunotherapy rather than a single targeted drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hepatocellular-carcinoma-signalling.md - Hippo-YAP/TAZ (pathway): The pathway that tells organs when to stop growing. Cancers disable it so YAP and TAZ stay in the nucleus driving growth; in mesothelioma, NF2 loss does exactly that, and the first drugs against the YAP-TEAD switch are in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hippo-yap.md - Inflammation & NF-κB (pathway): Chronic inflammation is soil for cancer: it feeds growth signals, DNA damage, and immune suppression. The NF-κB switch inside cells is the master relay, and colitis, hepatitis, and H. pylori gastritis are the clinical proof. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inflammation-nfkb.md - Intravasation & circulating tumour cells (pathway): Getting into the bloodstream and surviving there is brutal: cells are ripped from their neighbours, battered by flow, and hunted by NK cells. Fewer than one in a thousand survive. The ones that do travel in clusters, wear a cloak of platelets, or ride with neutrophils. Liquid biopsies catch what is left. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intravasation-ctc-survival.md - Intrinsic apoptosis (BCL-2 family) (pathway): Intrinsic apoptosis is the cell's self-destruct switch. BCL-2 holds it shut; BAX and BAK pull it open. Venetoclax pries BCL-2 off so the switch can fire. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apoptosis-bcl2.md - Invasion: proteases, adhesion & the invasive front (pathway): To invade, a cancer cell must grip the scaffolding around it, dissolve a path with enzymes, and pull itself forward, alone or in a chain led by a scout cell. Fibroblasts often cut the trail first. The enzyme blockers of the 1990s failed; today's targets are the grip (integrins, FAK) and the trail-makers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/invasion-ecm-degradation.md - JAK-STAT signalling (pathway): The relay that turns cytokine signals into gene changes. Overactive in blood cancers (JAK2 in myelofibrosis), it is also the wire that carries interferon's cancer-killing message, so tumours cut it to escape immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jak-stat.md - KEAP1-NRF2 antioxidant pathway (pathway): KEAP1-NRF2 is the cell's antioxidant defence switch. Lung cancers often break the off-switch (KEAP1), leaving NRF2 permanently on, which detoxifies chemotherapy and radiation and makes these tumours resistant to almost everything. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keap1-nrf2.md - Lineage plasticity & neuroendocrine transformation (pathway): Under pressure from a drug that blocks its identity (the androgen receptor in prostate cancer, EGFR in lung cancer), a tumour can change what kind of cell it is, becoming a small-cell neuroendocrine cancer that no longer needs the blocked signal. It is the ultimate escape: not a new mutation in the engine, but a new engine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lineage-plasticity-neuroendocrine.md - Lipid synthesis, uptake & cholesterol (pathway): Dividing cells need membranes, and membranes are fat. Cancers switch on the fat-building enzymes most adult tissues keep off, and in fatty environments (breast, omentum, bone marrow) they also steal lipids from neighbouring fat cells. This links obesity to cancer and offers new drug targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lipid-metabolism-cancer.md - Melanoma (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's melanoma map shows BRAF or NRAS mutations driving the MAPK growth relay, PTEN loss driving PI3K/AKT, and loss of the CDKN2A brakes (p16 and p14ARF) on CDK4/6 and p53. BRAF plus MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint antibodies have transformed treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/melanoma-signalling.md - Menin / KMT2A (HOXA9-MEIS1 axis) (pathway): In some leukaemias a broken chromatin protein (KMT2A, once called MLL) or a mutant NPM1 keeps embryonic growth genes (HOXA9, MEIS1) switched on, so blood cells never mature. Both need a partner called menin to stay on the DNA. Menin inhibitors pull the plug and the cells mature; the first was approved in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/menin-kmt2a.md - Microbiome-tumour interactions (pathway): The bacteria in the gut, and even inside tumours, influence whether cancer starts and whether immunotherapy works. Transplanting stool from responders has made some non-responders respond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/microbiome-tumour.md - MicroRNAs in cancer (pathway): This KEGG map collects the small RNA molecules (microRNAs) that are switched up or down in nine common cancers and shows which oncogenes and tumour suppressors they silence. It matters because a single microRNA can dial down dozens of genes at once, so losing or gaining one reshapes whole signalling routes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/micrornas-in-cancer.md - Mismatch repair & microsatellite instability (pathway): After DNA is copied, a proofreading crew fixes the letters the polymerase got wrong. Lose it and the genome fills with thousands of small errors, especially in repetitive stretches (microsatellites). Those errors make abnormal proteins that the immune system can see, which is why immunotherapy works so well in these cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mismatch-repair-msi.md - Mitosis & the spindle assembly checkpoint (pathway): When a cell divides, a scaffold of microtubules (the spindle) pulls one copy of each chromosome to each side. A checkpoint holds the split until every chromosome is hooked on. Taxanes and vinca alkaloids freeze the spindle so the cell is stuck at this checkpoint until it dies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitotic-spindle-checkpoint.md - mRNA translation (eIF4F / mTOR) (pathway): Cancer cells must make protein at furious speed. The eIF4F complex that starts protein synthesis is the funnel where growth signals converge, and drugs that pinch the funnel starve the tumour of the proteins it needs most. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrna-translation-eif4f.md - Mutagenesis & mutational signatures (pathway): Every cause of DNA damage leaves its own fingerprint in the genome: sunlight, tobacco, a faulty repair enzyme, a gut bacterium. Reading these fingerprints tells you what caused a cancer and which repair crews it is missing, which in turn predicts which drugs will work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mutagenesis-signatures.md - Mutant IDH / 2-hydroxyglutarate (pathway): A single mutation in a metabolic enzyme (IDH1 or IDH2) makes cells pour out a molecule they should never make, 2-hydroxyglutarate. It jams the machinery that erases chemical marks on DNA and histones, so blood and brain cells get stuck before they mature. Pills that block the mutant enzyme let them mature again. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idh-2hg.md - MYC (pathway): MYC is the most commonly amplified cancer gene, a master switch that turns on thousands of growth genes. It has no pocket for a conventional drug, so it remained 'undruggable' for 40 years; the first direct MYC drugs finally entered trials in the 2020s. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myc.md - Myeloid suppression: TAMs, MDSCs & don't-eat-me signals (pathway): Tumours recruit the body's clean-up cells (macrophages and immature myeloid cells) and re-train them as bodyguards. They switch off T cells, build vessels, and, when a therapeutic antibody flags a cancer cell for eating, are told 'don't eat me' by CD47 on its surface. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myeloid-suppression-axis.md - NK-cell recognition: missing self & stress ligands (pathway): Natural killer cells patrol for cells that have lost their identity papers (MHC-I) or that display stress flags. Cancers that hide from T cells by dropping MHC-I become visible to NK cells, unless they also shed the stress flags, wrap themselves in a second inhibitory badge (HLA-E), or soak the neighbourhood in TGF-β. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nk-cell-recognition.md - Non-small cell lung cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's non-small cell lung cancer map shows a set of alternative on-switches (EGFR mutation, KRAS mutation, EML4-ALK, RET and MET alterations) that all feed the same RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT and STAT relays, plus loss of the p16 and p53 brakes. Each on-switch now has its own targeted pill, which is why molecular testing comes before treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nsclc-signalling.md - Notch signalling (pathway): A cell-to-cell contact signal that decides cell fate. It drives T-cell leukaemia when mutated on, acts as a tumour suppressor in some squamous cancers when lost, and its ligand DLL3 became a drug target in small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/notch.md - Nutrient competition & metabolic immunosuppression (pathway): Tumours and immune cells eat from the same plate. Cancer cells hoard glucose and glutamine, dump lactate and acid, and burn tryptophan and arginine into by-products that paralyse T cells. The tumour wins the food fight, and the immune system loses before it has fired a shot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nutrient-competition-tme.md - Oestrogen receptor signalling (pathway): In hormone-positive breast cancer, oestrogen binds its receptor, which switches on genes that make the cell divide. Every endocrine therapy cuts this chain somewhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/er-signaling.md - Oncogenic viruses (pathway): About one cancer in eight worldwide is caused by a virus. HPV, hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr, HTLV-1, KSHV and Merkel cell polyomavirus each hijack the same brakes cancer normally has to mutate, which is why vaccines against HPV and HBV are among the most effective anti-cancer drugs ever made. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncogenic-viruses.md - Organ tropism: seed and soil (pathway): Breast cancer goes to bone, lung, liver and brain; prostate cancer to bone; colon cancer to liver; uveal melanoma almost only to liver. Paget's 1889 idea still holds: where a cancer spreads depends on both the seed (the cell's programme) and the soil (the organ's welcome). Each soil has its own vicious cycle, and some are druggable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/organ-tropism-seed-soil.md - p53 / RB / cell-cycle checkpoint (pathway): The p53 and RB checkpoints are the cell's brakes. p53 senses damage and stops the cell from copying itself; RB holds the cell at the G1 gate until CDK4/6 unlocks it. Cancers cut these brakes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/p53-cell-cycle.md - Pancreatic cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): This KEGG map shows the order of genetic hits that turn normal pancreatic duct cells into ductal adenocarcinoma: KRAS mutation first, then loss of the p16 brake, then loss of TP53, SMAD4 and BRCA2. It matters because nearly every pancreatic cancer is driven by KRAS, which until recently had no drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pancreatic-cancer-signalling.md - PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation (pathway): How T cells decide to attack. A T cell needs to see the target (TCR-MHC) and get a 'go' signal (CD28). PD-1 and CTLA-4 are 'stop' signals; tumours exploit them. Checkpoint inhibitors remove the stop. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pd1-checkpoint.md - PI3K / AKT / mTOR (pathway): The cell's 'grow and survive' circuit. Growth signals from the surface switch on PI3K, which switches on AKT, which switches on mTOR, which builds proteins and blocks self-destruction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pi3k-akt-mtor.md - Prostate cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's prostate cancer map centres on the androgen receptor, the hormone switch that prostate cells depend on, plus loss of PTEN and NKX3.1 that lets PI3K/AKT growth signalling run free. Hormone therapy, AR antagonists and now AKT inhibitors act on these two arms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prostate-cancer-signalling.md - Proteoglycans in cancer (pathway): This KEGG map shows how sugar-coated proteins on the cell surface and in the surrounding matrix (proteoglycans such as syndecans, glypicans, CD44 and decorin) catch growth factors and hand signals to receptors. It matters because these molecules set how loudly growth signals reach the tumour cell and how easily it invades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proteoglycans-in-cancer.md - RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK (MAPK) (pathway): The RAS-MAPK pathway is the cell's 'divide' relay. A signal at the surface flips RAS on, which passes to RAF, MEK, and ERK, which tell the nucleus to make the cell divide. KRAS and BRAF mutations jam it in the on position. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ras-mapk.md - Receptor tyrosine kinase activation (pathway): Growth-factor receptors are antennas on the cell surface that pair up when a signal lands and switch on the growth relays inside. Cancers mutate, multiply, or fuse these antennas so they broadcast 'grow' with no signal at all. Most targeted drugs, antibodies and ADCs start here. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rtk-activation.md - Renal cell carcinoma (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's kidney cancer map shows how losing VHL lets the oxygen sensor HIF pile up and order new blood vessels (VEGF, PDGF), while MET and PI3K drive growth in other subtypes. Anti-VEGF drugs, HIF-2a inhibitors and immunotherapy all act on this circuit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/renal-cell-carcinoma-signalling.md - Resistance routes: how a blocked pathway comes back (pathway): When a drug blocks a cancer's engine, the cancer has five ways back: change the part the drug binds, make more of it, take a side road, switch to a different engine altogether, or stop letting the drug in. Knowing which route a tumour took decides the next drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resistance-routes-map.md - RNA splicing (pathway): Genes are cut and pasted into messages before they are used. Blood cancers often carry mutations in the splicing machinery, and the errors create abnormal proteins that could serve as targets or immune flags. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rna-splicing.md - Small cell lung cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): KEGG's small cell lung cancer map shows a tumour with both master brakes removed, RB1 and TP53, plus amplified MYC pushing the cell cycle and PTEN loss and BCL2 keeping cells alive. Chemotherapy with PD-L1 antibodies and the DLL3 T-cell engager tarlatamab are the current answers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sclc-signalling.md - SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling (pathway): A machine that opens and closes DNA so genes can be read. One in five cancers has a broken part (ARID1A, SMARCA4, PBRM1), and losing one part often creates a dependence on its twin, which is the basis for new synthetic-lethal drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/swi-snf-chromatin.md - Synthetic lethality: paired dependencies (pathway): Two genes are synthetically lethal when losing either alone is fine but losing both kills the cell. Cancers that have already lost one (a tumour suppressor you cannot put back) become uniquely dependent on the other, which you can drug. BRCA and PARP was the first proof; a dozen more pairs are now in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/synthetic-lethality-map.md - T-cell exhaustion (pathway): T cells that see their target for weeks on end without winning gradually shut down: they raise a set of brakes (PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT), lose their ability to kill, and eventually lock this state into their DNA. Checkpoint drugs rescue the ones that are only partly exhausted; the terminally exhausted are beyond reach. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/t-cell-exhaustion.md - Telomere maintenance & replicative immortality (pathway): Normal cells can divide only a limited number of times because the protective caps on their chromosomes, telomeres, wear down. About 90% of cancers switch the cap-rebuilding enzyme telomerase back on, often through TERT promoter mutations, and roughly 10% use an alternative lengthening route (ALT), so they divide indefinitely; imetelstat is the first approved telomerase inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telomere-maintenance.md - TGF-β signalling (pathway): A signal that stops normal cells from dividing but, once a cancer is established, switches sides: it builds scar-like stroma, walls out immune cells, and pushes cells into a migratory state. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tgf-beta.md - The angiogenic switch & tumour vessels (pathway): A tumour cannot grow beyond a couple of millimetres without its own blood supply. The 'switch' flips when the signals calling for new vessels (VEGF, FGF, angiopoietin) outweigh the ones holding them back (thrombospondin). The vessels that result are leaky and chaotic, which starves the tumour of oxygen, blocks drugs, and gives cancer cells a way out. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/angiogenic-switch.md - The blood-brain barrier & brain metastasis (pathway): The brain's blood vessels are sealed tight and fitted with pumps that eject most drugs. That protects the brain from poisons but also from chemotherapy and antibodies. Cancer cells that do squeeze through recruit the brain's own support cells, astrocytes, to feed and shield them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blood-brain-barrier-metastasis.md - The cancer-immunity cycle (pathway): Seven steps the immune system must complete to kill a tumour: release of antigens, pick-up by dendritic cells, priming of T cells in lymph nodes, travel, entry into the tumour, recognition, and killing. Every immunotherapy pushes on one step; every escape blocks one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-immunity-cycle.md - The cell-cycle engine (cyclins & CDKs) (pathway): Cell division runs on a clock made of cyclins and their kinases (CDKs), each pair firing in order: D-CDK4/6 to leave rest, E-CDK2 to start copying DNA, A-CDK2 to finish, B-CDK1 to divide. Cancers speed the clock; CDK inhibitors slow it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-cycle-engine-cdks.md - The metastatic cascade (pathway): How cancer spreads: cells leave the tumour, squeeze into blood or lymph vessels, survive the journey, exit into a new organ, often sleep there for years, and finally grow. Metastasis causes about 90% of cancer deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metastatic-cascade.md - The p53 network (guardian of the genome) (pathway): p53 is the cell's emergency coordinator: DNA damage, oncogene stress or lack of oxygen switch it on, and it then pauses division, orders repairs, or triggers suicide or permanent retirement, while MDM2 keeps it off in healthy cells. About half of cancers mutate p53 outright, and sarcomas, gliomas, melanomas and retinoblastomas silence it instead by amplifying MDM2 or MDM4. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/p53-mdm2-axis.md - The pre-metastatic niche (pathway): Before a single cancer cell arrives, the primary tumour sends parcels ahead: tiny vesicles (exosomes) and hormones that recruit bone-marrow cells to a distant organ and remodel it into fertile soil. By the time the seed lands, the bed is already made. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pre-metastatic-niche.md - Thyroid cancer (KEGG map) (pathway): This KEGG map shows thyroid cancers driven by one relay, the MAPK pathway: RET or NTRK fusions and BRAF mutations in papillary tumours, RAS mutations or PAX8-PPARG fusion in follicular tumours, and TP53 loss marking anaplastic cancer. It matters because RET, NTRK and BRAF alterations each have their own drug, and MAPK blockade can restore iodine uptake. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thyroid-cancer-signalling.md - Transcriptional machinery & addiction (pathway): Cancer cells run a few genes (MYC, their lineage factors, their fusion oncogenes) at extreme volume from giant control regions called super-enhancers. The amplifiers, BRD4, CDK7, CDK9 and Mediator, are the same in every cell, but cancers are unusually dependent on them, and that dependence is druggable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transcription-addiction.md - Tumour dormancy (pathway): Cancer cells can hide in bone marrow, lung, or brain for years or decades, asleep and invisible to scans and chemotherapy, then wake up. Late relapse in breast and prostate cancer is dormancy ending. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumor-dormancy.md - Tumour microenvironment (TME) (pathway): A tumour is not just cancer cells. It is a neighbourhood of fibroblasts, immune cells, blood vessels, nerves, and scaffolding that the cancer recruits and corrupts, and that decides whether drugs and immune cells can get in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumor-microenvironment.md - Ubiquitin-proteasome system & protein homeostasis (pathway): Cells tag unwanted proteins with a small marker called ubiquitin and feed them into a shredder, the proteasome. Myeloma cells, which make antibody in bulk, die if the shredder jams; and the newest drugs hijack the tagging machinery to make a cancer destroy its own oncoproteins. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ubiquitin-proteasome-system.md - VEGF angiogenesis (pathway): How tumours grow their own blood supply. Low oxygen makes cells release VEGF, which tells blood-vessel cells to sprout toward the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vegf-angiogenesis.md - VHL / HIF oxygen sensing (pathway): The VHL/HIF pathway is how cells sense oxygen (the 2019 Nobel Prize). VHL destroys HIF when oxygen is present. Kidney cancers lose VHL, so HIF-2α is permanently on and drives blood vessel growth and proliferation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hif-vhl.md - Wnt / β-catenin (pathway): Wnt/β-catenin is a developmental pathway hijacked by colorectal cancer. Normally a destruction complex keeps β-catenin low; losing APC lets it flood the nucleus and drive growth genes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wnt.md ## Terms (602) Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links. - 340B Drug Pricing Program (term): A US law that lets certain hospitals buy outpatient drugs, including cancer drugs, at deep discounts. Controversial because hospitals may bill insurers full price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/340b-program.md - 7+3 induction chemotherapy (term): The classic first treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia, unchanged since 1973: seven days of continuous cytarabine plus three days of an anthracycline, given in hospital. Fit patients still get it, now with a targeted drug added according to their leukaemia's genetics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seven-plus-three.md - Abdominoperineal resection (term): Removing the rectum and anus together, leaving a permanent colostomy. Used when a low rectal or anal cancer involves the sphincter. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abdominoperineal-resection.md - Abscopal effect (term): When irradiating one tumour causes untreated tumours elsewhere to shrink, via the immune system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abscopal-effect.md - ABVD, BEACOPP and BrECADD (Hodgkin lymphoma regimens) (term): The chemotherapy recipes that cure most Hodgkin lymphoma: ABVD (four drugs, the long-standing standard), the more intensive German BEACOPP, and newer versions that replace bleomycin with brentuximab vedotin (A+AVD) or add nivolumab (N-AVD). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abvd-beacopp.md - Accelerated approval (term): FDA approval based on early evidence (like tumour shrinkage) on condition that a confirmatory trial follows. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/accelerated-approval.md - Accrual and enrolment (term): How many patients a trial has signed up, and how fast. Slow accrual is the commonest reason trials take years longer than planned or close without an answer; only about 5-8% of adult cancer patients ever join a trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/accrual.md - Acid-labile hydrazone (AcBut) (term): The hydrazone linker is acid-sensitive and breaks in the lysosome's low pH. It was used in the calicheamicin ADCs, but is too leaky for most modern designs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hydrazone.md - Active surveillance and observation (term): Deliberately not treating a cancer yet, but checking it regularly with blood tests, scans or biopsies and treating only if it shows signs of progressing. Standard for low-risk prostate cancer, small kidney masses and several other slow conditions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/active-surveillance-term.md - ADC sequencing (term): The open question of whether a second ADC works after the first one fails, especially when both carry the same type of payload. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc-sequencing.md - ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) (term): In ADCC, an antibody flags a cell, and NK cells recognise the flag and kill it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adcc.md - Adenocarcinoma (term): A carcinoma arising from gland-forming cells, the kind that make mucus, milk, digestive juices or hormones. The most common type of breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreas and stomach cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adenocarcinoma.md - Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology (term): Cancer in people aged 15-39, about 90,000 US cases a year, with a distinct mix of cancers, slower survival improvement than children or older adults, and specific needs: fertility, education and work, psychosocial support and trial access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aya-oncology.md - Adrenalectomy (term): Removing an adrenal gland. Open, complete (R0) removal is the only cure for adrenocortical carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adrenalectomy.md - Agonist and antagonist (term): An agonist switches a receptor on, imitating the natural signal; an antagonist sits in the receptor and blocks it without switching it on. Cancer medicine uses both. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/agonist-antagonist.md - Alcohol-attributable cancer (term): The share of cancers caused by drinking: about 4% of all new cancers worldwide, roughly 740,000 a year, of which a meaningful fraction come from light and moderate drinking. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alcohol-attributable-cancer.md - Alkylating agents and antimetabolites (term): The two oldest chemotherapy families: alkylators (cyclophosphamide, temozolomide, melphalan) glue DNA strands together so cells cannot copy them; antimetabolites (5-FU, capecitabine, methotrexate, gemcitabine) are fake building blocks that jam DNA synthesis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alkylating-agent.md - Allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) (term): Replacing a patient's blood system with a donor's: chemotherapy wipes out the marrow, donor stem cells rebuild it, and the donor's immune cells hunt down leftover leukaemia. It is the only cure for adverse-risk or relapsed AML, high-risk ALL, MDS and myelofibrosis, and the riskiest treatment in oncology because of graft-versus-host disease and infection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/allogeneic-transplant.md - Alpha vs beta emitters (term): Beta particles (lutetium-177) travel millimetres and are good for bulky disease; alpha particles (actinium-225) travel a few cells' width and kill with far higher energy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alpha-vs-beta.md - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (term): Alpha-fetoprotein is a protein made by the fetal liver that a substantial share of hepatocellular carcinomas switch back on. It is measured in blood alongside ultrasound for surveillance, for prognosis, and to select patients for ramucirumab, but it also rises in hepatitis flares and germ-cell tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/afp.md - Amplification (term): When a cell carries extra copies of a gene, sometimes 50 or more instead of the normal two, so it makes far too much of that protein. HER2 amplification in breast cancer is the classic example and is what trastuzumab exploits; MET amplification is a common escape route from EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amplification.md - Anaemia (term): A shortage of red blood cells or haemoglobin, causing tiredness and breathlessness. In cancer it comes from the disease itself (marrow infiltration, bleeding, inflammation), from chemotherapy suppressing the marrow, and from some targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anaemia.md - Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (term): Switching off testosterone, the hormone that feeds prostate cancer, with injections (or tablets) that stop the testicles making it, or by removing them. It has been the backbone of advanced prostate cancer treatment since 1941. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adt.md - Androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) (term): The newer prostate cancer hormone pills (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide) that block the androgen receptor or the last steps of androgen production, used on top of standard testosterone suppression. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arpi.md - Angiogenesis (term): The growth of new blood vessels. A tumour bigger than a pinhead needs its own blood supply and sends out signals (mainly VEGF) to recruit one; anti-angiogenic drugs cut that supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/angiogenesis.md - Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin) (term): A family of red chemotherapy drugs derived from a soil bacterium that damage cancer DNA. Cornerstones of breast cancer, lymphoma, leukaemia and sarcoma treatment, but they weaken the heart in a dose-dependent way, so there is a lifetime limit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthracycline.md - Anti-VEGF class toxicities (hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding, perforation) (term): The shared side effects of drugs that block blood vessel growth (bevacizumab, ramucirumab and VEGFR kinase inhibitors): high blood pressure, protein leaking into the urine, nosebleeds and more serious bleeding, slow wound healing, and rarely holes in the bowel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antiangiogenic-toxicities.md - Antibody (term): A Y-shaped protein the immune system makes to grab onto one specific target. Manufactured antibodies are now a cornerstone of cancer treatment, either blocking a protein or delivering a payload to it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antibody.md - Antigen (term): Anything an antibody or immune cell can recognise, typically a protein on a cell's surface. In cancer, an antigen is the flag that tells a drug or an immune cell 'this is the cell to attack'. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antigen.md - Antigen escape (antigen loss, lineage switch) (term): When a cancer treated with a therapy aimed at one surface marker (CD19, BCMA, HER2) survives by shedding that marker, so the drug has nothing to grab. About a third of relapses after CD19 CAR-T are antigen-negative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antigen-escape.md - Apheresis (leukapheresis) (term): Running a patient's blood through a machine that skims off one type of cell (T cells, or stem cells) and returns the rest; the harvested cells become the raw material for CAR-T or a transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apheresis.md - Apoptosis (term): The cell's built-in self-destruct programme, which tidily dismantles a damaged or unwanted cell without alarming its neighbours. Cancer cells disable it by mutating TP53 or overproducing BCL-2; chemotherapy and radiation work largely by inflicting enough damage to trigger it, and venetoclax removes the BCL-2 shield directly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apoptosis.md - Aquagenic pruritus (term): Intense itching, prickling or burning of the skin within minutes of contact with water, typically after a shower. It affects a large minority of people with polycythaemia vera and can be the most disabling symptom. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aquagenic-pruritus.md - AR-V7 splice variant (term): A truncated form of the androgen receptor that is permanently switched on and ignores hormone-blocking pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ar-v7.md - Aromatase inhibitor (term): Pills that stop the body making oestrogen (after the menopause, when it comes from fat and muscle rather than the ovaries), starving hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Taken for five to ten years after surgery, they halve recurrence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aromatase-inhibitor.md - Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (term): High-dose chemotherapy (melphalan in myeloma, BEAM in lymphoma) that would permanently destroy the bone marrow, made survivable by giving the patient back their own previously collected stem cells, which engraft in 10-14 days. Standard for fit myeloma patients and relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma; the cells rescue the marrow, they do not fight the cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/autologous-transplant.md - B cell (term): The immune cells that make antibodies. They matter in cancer twice over: as the source of every therapeutic antibody, and as the cells that go wrong in most lymphomas, leukaemias and myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-cell.md - Backbone, add-on and monotherapy (term): Trial-design vocabulary: the backbone is the established treatment everyone in the trial receives; the add-on is the new drug tested on top of it; monotherapy means the drug alone. Most modern approvals are add-ons to a backbone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/backbone-add-on.md - Barrett's oesophagus (term): A change in the lining of the lower oesophagus caused by acid reflux that can, in a minority, progress through dysplasia to adenocarcinoma. It is why Western oesophageal cancer is mostly adenocarcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/barretts-esophagus.md - Basket, umbrella, and platform trials (term): Trial designs that test one drug across several cancers sharing a mutation (basket, such as NCI-MATCH), several drugs each matched to a biomarker within one cancer (umbrella, such as Lung-MAP), or keep adding and dropping arms over time (platform, such as I-SPY 2). Basket results underpin tumour-agnostic approvals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/basket-umbrella-platform.md - BCG-unresponsive (term): The FDA's definition of early bladder cancer that has failed adequate BCG treatment, the population in which most new bladder drugs are first approved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcg-unresponsive.md - BCLC staging (term): The liver-cancer staging system that combines tumour size, liver function and fitness to recommend treatment: ablation or surgery, transplant, TACE, or drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bclc-staging.md - Benign versus malignant (term): A benign tumour grows but stays put and does not invade; a malignant tumour invades surrounding tissue and can spread. Only malignant tumours are cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/benign-vs-malignant.md - Bethesda category (thyroid cytology) (term): The Bethesda category is a six-step scale, from 'not enough cells' to 'cancer', that pathologists use to report a thyroid needle biopsy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bethesda-category.md - Biochemical recurrence (BCR) (term): PSA rising again after surgery or radiation, usually years before anything shows on a scan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biochemical-recurrence.md - Biomarker (term): Anything measurable in the body or tumour that tells you something useful: what kind of cancer it is, how it is likely to behave, or which drug is likely to work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biomarker.md - Biopsy (term): Taking a small piece of the suspicious tissue so a pathologist can examine it under the microscope. It is the only way to confirm a cancer diagnosis and to learn its type and markers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biopsy.md - BIOSECURE Act (term): Proposed US legislation restricting federally funded work with certain Chinese biotech service companies, which would affect where ADCs and sequencing get done. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biosecure-act.md - Biosimilar (term): A biosimilar is a copy of a biologic drug such as trastuzumab, shown to be as safe and effective as the original once its patent expires, usually at a lower price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biosimilar.md - BLA / NDA / MAA (marketing applications) and PDUFA dates (term): The formal application to sell a drug: a New Drug Application for small molecules, a Biologics License Application for antibodies and cell therapies (US), or a Marketing Authorisation Application (EU). The PDUFA date is the deadline by which the FDA has promised a decision. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bla-nda.md - Blasts (leukaemic blast cells) (term): Immature blood cells that should mature in the marrow but in acute leukaemia multiply without growing up. The percentage of blasts in the marrow defines the disease: 20% or more is acute leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blasts.md - Blinded independent central review (BICR) (term): Having outside radiologists who do not know the treatment assignment re-read every scan in a trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bicr.md - Blinded trial (term): Keeping patients (single-blind) or patients and doctors (double-blind) from knowing who is on which treatment, so that hopes and expectations cannot colour the results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blinding.md - Blinding (double-blind, open-label, placebo-controlled) (term): Whether patients and doctors know which treatment is being given. Double-blind: neither knows (a placebo hides it). Open-label: both do, unavoidable for surgery or radiotherapy but a source of bias when judging progression and symptoms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/double-blind.md - Blood-brain barrier (BBB) (term): The tight seal around brain blood vessels that keeps most drugs out, one of the two main reasons brain cancer is so hard to treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blood-brain-barrier.md - Body composition (lean mass, fat mass, visceral fat) (term): What a person's weight is made of: muscle, fat under the skin, fat around the organs. It predicts cancer outcomes far better than weight or BMI, and can be read from routine CT scans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/body-composition.md - Bone marrow (term): The soft tissue inside bones where all blood cells are made. Chemotherapy damages it, causing the low blood counts that limit how much treatment a patient can take. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bone-marrow.md - Bone metastases and skeletal-related events (term): Cancer spread to the bones, most common in prostate, breast, lung, kidney and thyroid cancer and myeloma. It causes pain, fractures and high calcium, and the complications are counted in trials as 'skeletal-related events'. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bone-metastases.md - Brachytherapy (internal radiotherapy) (term): Radiotherapy from the inside: radioactive seeds or a temporary source are placed in or next to the tumour, so the dose falls off steeply and nearby organs are spared. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brachytherapy-term.md - BRAF V600E mutation (term): A single spelling change in the BRAF gene that jams a growth switch permanently on. It is found in half of melanomas and in some colon, thyroid, lung and brain tumours, and is treated with a BRAF pill plus a MEK pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/braf-v600-mutation.md - Brain metastases (intracranial disease) (term): Tumour deposits that have travelled to the brain from a cancer elsewhere, ten times more common than cancers that start in the brain, mostly from lung, breast, melanoma and kidney cancer. Because the blood-brain barrier excludes most drugs, whether a medicine reaches and shrinks them now decides which drug is chosen, and trials report intracranial progression separately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brain-metastases.md - Breakthrough Therapy / Priority Review / Priority Voucher (term): Breakthrough Therapy, Priority Review and the Priority Voucher are FDA fast lanes for drugs that look substantially better than existing options. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breakthrough-designation.md - Breslow thickness (term): How deep a melanoma has grown into the skin, in millimetres. The single strongest predictor of whether it will spread. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breslow-thickness.md - Bridging therapy (term): Treatment given to keep a fast-growing cancer in check during the weeks between deciding on CAR-T (or transplant) and actually receiving it, while the cells are being manufactured or a donor found. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bridging-therapy.md - Bronchoscopy (EBUS, robotic navigation) (term): Passing a camera down the windpipe into the lungs to biopsy tumours and lymph nodes without surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bronchoscopy.md - Bystander effect (ADC) (term): When a released payload leaks out of the targeted cell and kills its neighbours, including cells that lack the target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bystander-effect.md - CA 19-9 (term): A sugar molecule shed into the blood by most pancreatic cancers; useful to follow treatment, not to screen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ca19-9.md - CA-125 (term): A blood protein that rises in most ovarian cancers; useful for tracking treatment, useless for screening on its own. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ca-125.md - Calicheamicin (term): Calicheamicin is an enediyne antibiotic used as an antibody-drug conjugate payload: it binds the minor groove of DNA and cuts both strands at picomolar concentrations, about a thousand times more cytotoxic than conventional chemotherapy. That is why it is only given attached to an antibody (Mylotarg, Besponsa), and why liver toxicity, including veno-occlusive disease, is its defining risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/calicheamicin.md - Cancer cachexia (term): Severe loss of weight and muscle in advanced cancer that eating more cannot reverse on its own. It affects up to eight in ten patients with advanced disease and contributes to a fifth of cancer deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cachexia.md - Cancer during pregnancy (term): About 1 in 1,000 pregnancies is complicated by cancer, most often breast, cervical, lymphoma, melanoma or leukaemia. Most chemotherapy is safe after the first trimester, surgery is safe throughout, and ending the pregnancy does not improve the mother's outcome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-in-pregnancy.md - Cancer health disparities and equity (term): Systematic differences in who gets cancer, how early it is found and who survives, driven by race, income, geography, insurance and structural racism rather than biology alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-health-disparities.md - Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) (term): The scaffolding cells that tumours recruit to build scar-like tissue around themselves. They feed the cancer, block drugs and immune cells, and carry the FAP protein that PET scans can now see. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-associated-fibroblasts.md - Carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease (term): Flushing, diarrhoea and wheezing caused by hormones (mostly serotonin) released by some neuroendocrine tumours; over years it can scar the heart valves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carcinoid-syndrome.md - Carcinoma (term): Cancer of the epithelium, the lining tissue that covers surfaces and forms glands. Around 85% of cancers are carcinomas, including breast, lung, colon, prostate and skin cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carcinoma.md - Carcinoma in situ (CIS) (term): Cancer cells that fill the lining layer where they started but have not broken through the basement membrane into the tissue beneath. They cannot spread yet, so removal is usually curative; it is 'stage 0'. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carcinoma-in-situ.md - Cardiotoxicity (LVEF decline, cardiomyopathy) (term): Heart damage from cancer treatment: anthracyclines weaken the heart muscle permanently in a dose-related way, trastuzumab does so reversibly, and some kinase inhibitors raise blood pressure or disturb rhythm. Heart function (LVEF) is monitored by ultrasound during treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cardiotoxicity.md - Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (term): Prostate cancer that keeps growing even though testosterone has been reduced to castrate levels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/castration-resistance.md - CDMO (contract development and manufacturing organisation) (term): A company that makes drugs for other companies. Most ADCs, biologics, and cell therapies are made by a handful of them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdmo.md - Cell (term): The smallest living unit of the body. You are made of roughly 30 trillion of them, and cancer begins when one of them starts dividing when it should not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-term.md - Cell cycle (term): The ordered sequence a cell goes through to copy its DNA and split in two, with checkpoints along the way where it pauses to check for damage. Cancer cells run through the checkpoints. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-cycle.md - Cell division (term): One cell splitting into two identical daughters. Tissues need it for growth and repair; cancer is cell division that no longer stops. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-division.md - Cell line (term): A population of cells, usually taken from a tumour decades ago, that keeps dividing indefinitely in the laboratory. The workhorse of cancer research: cheap, fast and infinitely reproducible, but a distant cousin of a real tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-line.md - Cell membrane (term): The oily outer skin of a cell. Most drugs and antibodies act at this boundary, either by binding to proteins sticking out of it or by slipping through it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-membrane.md - Cell of origin (GCB vs ABC) (term): Whether a large B-cell lymphoma resembles a germinal-centre B cell or an activated B cell; the activated type does worse and depends on different pathways. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-of-origin.md - Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) (term): Short pieces of DNA floating in the blood, shed by dying cells all over the body. Most is from normal cells; the small tumour-derived fraction (ctDNA) is what liquid biopsies fish out. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cfdna.md - Central venous access (port, PICC line) (term): A long-term line into a large vein near the heart, either a small disc under the skin (port) or a tube from the arm (PICC), so chemotherapy can be given and blood drawn without repeated needle sticks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/central-venous-access.md - Centralisation and high-volume centres (term): Concentrating complex cancer surgery (oesophagus, pancreas, bladder, liver) and rare cancer care in fewer hospitals that perform each operation often. Hospitals and surgeons with high volumes have fewer deaths and complications, so the Netherlands, Denmark and parts of the UK mandate minimum volumes; patients travel further, and rural access suffers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/centralisation.md - Cervical precancer (CIN, HSIL/LSIL) (term): Abnormal cervical cells caused by HPV that can turn into cancer over 10-20 years. Screening finds them; a five-minute procedure removes them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cin-hsil.md - Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT) (term): Radiotherapy given at the same time as chemotherapy, which sensitises the cancer to radiation. It is the curative treatment for cervical, anal, laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, stage III lung cancer and glioblastoma, and is given before surgery in oesophageal and rectal cancer, at the cost of more acute mouth and gullet inflammation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemoradiation.md - Chemotherapy (term): Drugs that kill rapidly dividing cells by damaging their DNA or the machinery of division. Because cancer cells divide fast they are hit hardest, but so are hair, gut lining and bone marrow, which is where the side effects come from. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemotherapy-term.md - Child-Pugh and ALBI liver-function scores (term): Scores for how well the liver still works; in liver cancer they decide whether a patient can tolerate treatment at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/child-pugh-albi.md - Child-Pugh score (term): A score of how well a damaged liver is still working, from five simple measures (bilirubin, albumin, clotting, fluid in the abdomen, confusion). Class A is well compensated, C is failing. Liver cancer trials almost all require class A. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/child-pugh.md - Chromogranin A (term): Chromogranin A is a protein released by neuroendocrine cells and measured in blood to follow tumour burden; it is unreliable because acid-reducing drugs and kidney disease also raise it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chromogranin-a.md - Chromosome (term): One of the 46 long bundles into which a cell's DNA is packed. Cancer cells often have broken, missing, or extra chromosomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chromosome.md - Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) (term): Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) consists of fragments of DNA shed by tumour cells into the blood, detectable with sensitive sequencing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctdna.md - Cirrhosis (term): Permanent scarring of the liver after years of damage from hepatitis B or C, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is the soil in which most liver cancers grow, and its severity limits which cancer treatments a patient can withstand. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cirrhosis.md - CL2A (term): CL2A is the deliberately fragile linker in Trodelvy: it releases SN-38 in the acidic tumour environment as well as inside cells, feeding the bystander effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cl2a.md - Clinical complete response (cCR) (term): No sign of tumour on examination, endoscopy, and MRI after treatment, without surgery to confirm it. It is the basis of organ-preservation strategies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-complete-response.md - Clinical trial (term): A research study that tests a treatment in volunteers under strict rules, to find out whether it is safe and whether it works. Every approved cancer drug went through several. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-trial.md - CNS penetration (brain-penetrant drugs) (term): How well a drug crosses from the blood into the brain, where most cancer drugs are kept out by the blood-brain barrier. Brain-penetrant pills can treat and prevent brain metastases; those that are not leave the brain as a sanctuary where the cancer regrows. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cns-penetration.md - Colectomy (term): Removing the part of the colon containing the cancer along with its blood supply and lymph nodes, then joining the ends. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colectomy.md - Colonoscopy (term): Examining the whole large bowel with a flexible camera; polyps found on the way are removed (polypectomy), which prevents most bowel cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colonoscopy.md - Combined positive score (CPS) (term): A PD-L1 score that counts stained tumour cells and immune cells together. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cps.md - Companion diagnostic (term): A companion diagnostic is a test the FDA requires before a particular drug can be prescribed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/companion-diagnostic-term.md - Complete response (term): All detectable signs of the tumour have vanished on scans and examination after treatment. The best result a trial can record for an individual patient, though microscopic disease may remain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/complete-response.md - Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) (term): A complete response means every measurable trace of the cancer has disappeared on scans or in the marrow; a partial response means it has shrunk by at least 30% (RECIST) but is still there. Neither is the same as cure: microscopic disease can remain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/complete-response-term.md - Complete response letter (CRL) (term): The FDA's formal 'not yet' to a drug application, listing what must be fixed before approval: more data, a different trial population, or manufacturing problems. Not the same as 'complete response' to treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/complete-response-letter.md - Conditional marketing authorisation (EU) (term): The European (and Chinese) counterpart of accelerated approval: a drug for an unmet need is authorised on less complete data with specific obligations to deliver confirmatory results, renewed yearly until converted to standard approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/conditional-approval.md - Conditioning regimen (myeloablative, reduced-intensity) (term): The chemotherapy (with or without whole-body radiation) given in the days before a stem cell transplant to destroy the diseased marrow and, for donor transplants, suppress the patient's immune system so the graft is not rejected. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/conditioning-regimen.md - Confidence interval (term): The range of values consistent with the trial's data, usually given at 95%. A hazard ratio of 0.70 with an interval of 0.55 to 0.89 means the true effect probably lies somewhere in that range; if the range crossed 1.0 the result would not be statistically significant, and an upper end close to 1.0 signals a fragile result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/confidence-interval.md - Confirmatory trial (term): The randomised trial a company must run after an accelerated approval to prove the drug really helps patients live longer or better. If it fails or never finishes, the approval is supposed to be withdrawn. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/confirmatory-trial.md - Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4) (term): The consensus molecular subtypes are four gene-expression groups of bowel cancer: immune (CMS1), canonical (CMS2), metabolic (CMS3), and mesenchymal (CMS4), with different prognoses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cms-subtypes.md - Consolidation therapy (term): Treatment given after a good response to kill the cancer cells that are presumably left but cannot be seen, to make the remission last. Durvalumab after chemoradiation for lung cancer is the best-known example. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/consolidation-therapy.md - Control arm and comparator (investigator's choice) (term): The group in a randomised trial that gets the existing standard treatment, against which the new drug is judged. Whether the control is the true current standard, an outdated one, or a menu of options chosen by each doctor ('investigator's choice') changes how much a positive result means. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/control-arm.md - Core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) (term): Taking a sliver of tissue (core) or a few cells (fine-needle aspiration) through a needle guided by ultrasound, CT or MRI, to diagnose the cancer and test its markers without surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/core-needle-biopsy.md - Cross-resistance (term): When a cancer that has become resistant to one drug is also resistant to another it has never seen, because the two share a mechanism. It is the central worry in deciding the order (sequencing) of similar drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cross-resistance.md - Crossover in trials (term): When patients in a trial's control arm are allowed to switch to the experimental drug after their cancer progresses. It is fair to patients but blurs the survival comparison, because the control group has now had the drug too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crossover.md - Cryoablation (term): Destroying a tumour by freezing it with a needle that reaches minus 40°C or below; the ice ball is visible on CT, so the treated zone can be watched forming. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cryoablation.md - CTCAE toxicity grading (grade 3-4 adverse events) (term): The standard 1-to-5 scale doctors use to grade every side effect in a trial: 1 mild, 2 moderate, 3 severe or needing hospital care, 4 life-threatening, 5 death. 'Grade 3-4 events in 40% of patients' is the usual headline safety figure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctcae-grading.md - Curative intent vs palliative intent (term): Whether the goal of treatment is to eliminate the cancer for good (curative) or to control it, relieve symptoms and extend life when cure is not possible (palliative). The intent, not the drug, defines the word: the same chemotherapy can be either. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/curative-intent.md - Cytogenetics and karyotype (term): Looking at a cancer's chromosomes under the microscope to find missing, extra, broken or swapped pieces. It has been the main risk-sorting tool in leukaemia, myeloma and lymphoma for decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytogenetics.md - Cytokine (term): Small proteins immune cells use to talk to each other: alarms, recruitment calls, growth orders and stand-down signals. Some are cancer drugs, and a flood of them is the danger of certain immunotherapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytokine.md - Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) (term): A flood of inflammatory signals when immune cells are activated en masse, causing fever, low blood pressure, and sometimes organ failure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crs.md - Cytopenias and myelosuppression (term): The umbrella term for low blood counts of any kind (white cells, red cells, platelets) when treatment suppresses the bone marrow. Most chemotherapy causes it temporarily; radioligands, CAR-T and some pills cause longer-lasting versions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cytopenias.md - Data maturity (immature vs mature survival data) (term): Survival results are 'immature' when too few patients have died (or progressed) for the comparison to be reliable, so medians are 'not reached' and confidence intervals are wide. Mature data come with time and events; early positive looks can fade or strengthen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/data-maturity.md - De-escalation, escalation and response-adapted therapy (term): Giving less treatment to patients who are doing well and more to those who are not, using a marker such as scan response, ctDNA or MRD to decide. The aim is to cure the same number of people with less harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/de-escalation.md - Deauville five-point scale (term): A 1-to-5 score for how bright a lymphoma looks on PET compared with the liver; 1-3 is considered a complete metabolic response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deauville-score.md - Deauville score and PET-adapted therapy (term): A 1-to-5 scale for how brightly a lymphoma lights up on a PET scan, compared with the liver and the middle of the chest. Scores of 1-3 after two cycles mean the treatment is working and allow it to be shortened; 4-5 means intensify. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deauville.md - Debulking (cytoreductive surgery) (term): Surgery that removes as much tumour as possible when it cannot all be removed cleanly; leaving nothing visible behind is what matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/debulking.md - del(17p) / TP53 aberration in CLL (term): A del(17p) deletion or TP53 mutation means loss or damage of the p53 safety gene in CLL. These patients should never get chemotherapy; they need BTK inhibitors or venetoclax, usually continuously. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/del17p-tp53.md - Deletion (term): When a piece of DNA is missing, from a few letters to an entire gene. Deleting a tumour suppressor gene removes one of the cell's brakes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deletion.md - Desmoplasia (tumour stroma) (term): The dense scar-like tissue that makes up most of a pancreatic tumour, walling off cancer cells from drugs and immune cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/desmoplasia.md - Dietary pattern scores (Mediterranean, HEI, AHEI, DASH, WCRF/AICR) (term): Scores that grade a whole diet against a healthy pattern instead of counting single foods. They predict cancer risk and survival better than any individual nutrient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dietary-pattern-scores.md - Differentiation (term): How closely a cancer cell still resembles the mature, specialised tissue it came from. Well-differentiated tumours look like their parent tissue and tend to behave better; poorly differentiated ones look primitive and grow faster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/differentiation.md - Differentiation syndrome (term): When a targeted drug makes leukaemia cells mature all at once, causing fever, fluid in the lungs, and weight gain. Treatable with steroids if caught early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/differentiation-syndrome.md - Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC) (term): Beyond the generic TNM system, gynaecological cancers (FIGO), lymphoma (Ann Arbor, IPI), myeloma (R-ISS), AML (ELN), kidney cancer (IMDC), neuroblastoma (INRG) and CLL (Rai, Binet) each have their own system that combines stage, blood tests, genetics and fitness into risk groups. The name on the report tells you which rulebook sets the treatment intensity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/staging-systems.md - Disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) (term): Single cancer cells that have already spread to distant organs, often found in bone marrow years before any metastasis appears. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/disseminated-tumor-cells.md - DM1 (term): DM1 is the maytansine-derived payload in Kadcyla: a tubulin blocker held by a non-cleavable linker, so it stays in the cell it entered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dm1.md - DM4 (term): DM4 is a maytansinoid payload released in a form that can cross membranes, giving mirvetuximab soravtansine a bystander effect that DM1 lacks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dm4.md - DNA (term): The long molecule that stores the instructions for building and running a cell, written in a four-letter chemical alphabet. Cancer is fundamentally a disease of damaged DNA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dna-term.md - DNA alkylator payloads (term): DNA alkylator payloads chemically damage DNA regardless of whether the cell is dividing, and are aimed at slow-growing and resistant tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dna-alkylator-payloads.md - DNA cleaver payloads (enediynes) (term): DNA cleaver payloads are natural products that cut both strands of DNA. They are used in the two oldest approved ADCs, both for leukaemias. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dna-cleaver-payloads.md - DNA crosslinker payloads (PBD dimers) (term): PBD dimers (tesirine, talirine) are DNA crosslinkers that kill at picomolar concentrations, so ADCs need a drug-to-antibody ratio of only about two. Fluid retention and skin and liver toxicity have ended most programmes; loncastuximab tesirine is the approved example. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pbd-dimer-payloads.md - Dose (term): How much of a drug is given, how often, and for how long. Cancer drugs have long been given at the highest dose a patient can stand, and regulators are now pushing for doses chosen for benefit rather than tolerability. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dose.md - Dose reduction, interruption and discontinuation (term): The everyday tools for living with side effects: pausing a drug until a problem settles (interruption), restarting at a lower dose (reduction), or stopping it for good (discontinuation). Between 30 and 60% of patients on oral targeted drugs need a reduction, so these rates are the clearest test of whether a dose was set right. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dose-modification.md - Dose-dense and metronomic chemotherapy (term): Two opposite ways of rescheduling the same drugs: dose-dense gives standard doses more often (every two weeks instead of three, supported by growth factors) to deny the tumour recovery time; metronomic gives small doses continuously to attack tumour blood vessels with little toxicity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dose-dense-chemotherapy.md - Dose-escalation designs (3+3, BOIN, dose-expansion) (term): How a phase 1 trial climbs from a tiny starting dose to a useful one: the old 3+3 design treats three patients at a time and moves up if none has serious toxicity; newer statistical designs (BOIN, CRM) use all the data to pick doses more accurately with fewer patients on ineffective levels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dose-escalation-design.md - Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) (term): A side effect in an early trial severe enough (usually grade 3 or worse, or forcing a long treatment pause) that the dose cannot safely go higher. Counting DLTs at each dose level is how phase 1 trials find the maximum tolerated dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dose-limiting-toxicity.md - Dosimetry (term): Measuring how much radiation dose each organ and tumour actually received from a radioactive drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dosimetry.md - Double-hit / high-grade B-cell lymphoma (term): Double-hit lymphoma is a large B-cell lymphoma with rearrangements of two oncogenes (MYC plus BCL2 and/or BCL6), which behaves aggressively and often escapes R-CHOP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/double-hit-lymphoma.md - Doublet, triplet and quadruplet regimens (term): Shorthand for how many active drugs are combined: a doublet is two, a triplet three, a quadruplet four. More drugs usually mean more responses and more side effects, and trials test whether the extra drug earns its place. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/doublet-triplet.md - Downstaging and conversion therapy (term): Using drugs, radiotherapy or embolisation to shrink a cancer from a stage where curative treatment is impossible to one where it is: for example, shrinking liver metastases until they can be cut out, or liver cancer until it fits transplant criteria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/downstaging.md - Downstream and upstream (term): Position in a signalling chain: upstream proteins send the message, downstream proteins receive it. A mutation downstream of a drug's target can make the drug useless. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/downstream.md - Driver mutation (term): One of the few mutations in a tumour that actually causes it to grow. Everything else is a passenger along for the ride. Drivers are the mutations drugs are aimed at. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/driver-mutation.md - Drug efflux pumps (ABC transporters) (term): Molecular pumps on cancer cells that eject chemotherapy and ADC payloads before they can act. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/efflux-pump.md - Drug resistance (primary and acquired) (term): Why cancer drugs stop working: the tumour either never depended on the target or evolves around the block. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resistance.md - Drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) (term): The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) is how many payload molecules ride on each antibody, typically 2 to 8. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dar.md - Dual HER2 blockade (term): Using two HER2 antibodies (trastuzumab and pertuzumab) at once, which works better than one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dual-her2-blockade.md - Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (term): Breast cancer cells confined inside the milk ducts, found mostly by mammography as calcifications. It is not life-threatening in itself, but around a third would progress to invasive cancer if left. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dcis.md - Duocarmycin (seco-DUBA) (term): Duocarmycins are a DNA-alkylating payload family that damages DNA directly rather than through cell division, so they work in slow-growing tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/duocarmycin.md - Duration of response (term): How long a tumour stays shrunk once it has responded to a drug. A response that lasts two years is worth far more than one that lasts two months, so this is reported alongside response rate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/duration-of-response.md - Duration of response (DoR) and disease control rate (DCR) (term): Duration of response measures how long a tumour that shrank stays shrunk before growing again; disease control rate adds patients whose cancer stayed stable to those who responded. Together with response rate they describe a drug's activity in trials without a comparison group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/duration-of-response-term.md - DXd (term): DXd is the topoisomerase poison inside Enhertu and Dato-DXd: about ten times stronger than SN-38, it spreads to neighbouring cells and leaves the body quickly once released. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dxd.md - Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) (term): Trouble swallowing, either because a tumour narrows the food pipe or throat, or because radiotherapy and surgery to the head, neck or chest have damaged the muscles and nerves that coordinate swallowing. It affects nutrition, dignity and the risk of food going into the lungs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dysphagia.md - Dysplasia (pre-cancerous change) (term): Abnormal-looking cells in a surface lining that are not yet cancer but are on the way. Finding and removing dysplasia (cervical smears, Barrett's surveillance, colon polyps) is how screening prevents cancer rather than just detecting it early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dysplasia.md - Early detection (term): Finding a cancer while it is still small and confined, when it is most often curable. Five-year survival for most cancers is several times higher at stage I than at stage IV, which is why so much effort goes into detecting them sooner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/early-detection-term.md - EGFR C797S (term): A mutation that stops osimertinib from binding to EGFR; the main on-target way lung cancers escape it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/c797s.md - EGFR exon 19 deletion & L858R (term): Exon 19 deletion and L858R are the two common EGFR mutations, together ~85% of EGFR-mutant lung cancer, and both respond to EGFR pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/egfr-exon19-l858r.md - EGFR exon 20 insertion (term): A rarer EGFR mutation (~2% of lung cancers) that does not respond to standard EGFR pills and needs its own drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/egfr-exon20-insertion.md - EGFR mutation subtypes (exon 19 deletion, L858R, exon 20 insertion, T790M) (term): Lung cancers with a mutated EGFR gene are treated with EGFR pills, but which pill and how well it works depends on exactly where the mutation is. Exon 19 deletions and L858R are the 'classic' sensitive ones; exon 20 insertions resist most pills; T790M and C797S appear when resistance develops. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/egfr-mutation-subtypes.md - EGFRvIII (term): EGFRvIII is a mutant, tumour-only version of the EGFR receptor found in about a third of glioblastomas. It is an ideal-looking target, yet every drug against it has failed so far. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/egfrviii.md - ELN 2022 risk classification (term): The three-tier system (favourable, intermediate, adverse) that decides how aggressively an adult with AML is treated and whether a transplant is recommended. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eln-risk.md - EMR and ESD (endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection) (term): Removing an early cancer from the inside lining of the gut through an endoscope, with no external incision and the organ left in place. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endoscopic-resection-term.md - Enabling characteristic: genome instability and mutation (term): Cancers mutate faster than normal cells because their DNA repair and chromosome segregation are broken. This fuels every other hallmark. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genome-instability-mutation.md - Enabling characteristic: tumour-promoting inflammation (term): Chronic inflammation supplies growth factors, survival signals, and mutagens that help cancers start and grow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumor-promoting-inflammation.md - Endocrine resistance (term): When hormone therapy stops controlling a hormone-driven breast cancer, either quickly (primary) or after years (acquired). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endocrine-resistance.md - Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP) (term): Four groups defined by a few tests that predict outcome better than the microscope: POLE-mutated (excellent), mismatch-repair deficient, p53-abnormal (worst), and 'no specific profile'. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endometrial-molecular-classes.md - Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP) (term): Looking inside a hollow organ with a camera on a flexible tube, taking biopsies and sometimes treating on the spot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endoscopy.md - Endpoint (term): The specific outcome a trial is designed to measure, fixed in advance: for example how long patients live, or how long before their cancer grows. A trial 'meets its endpoint' when the new treatment beats the comparison on that measure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endpoint.md - Energy balance (term): The umbrella term researchers use for the combined effect of what you eat, how much you move and how much fat you carry. It is the framework linking diet, exercise and obesity research to cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/energy-balance.md - Enzyme (term): A protein that speeds up a specific chemical reaction by binding its substrate in an active-site pocket. Kinases, PARP and topoisomerases are enzymes and drug targets, because a small molecule lodged in the active site stops the reaction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enzyme.md - Epithelioid vs sarcomatoid (biphasic) mesothelioma (term): Mesothelioma comes in a slower 'epithelioid' form and an aggressive 'sarcomatoid' form. Chemotherapy works better in the first; immunotherapy helps most in the second. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epithelioid-vs-sarcomatoid.md - Epitope (term): The exact small patch on an antigen that an antibody or T cell actually grips, like the specific spot on a door handle a hand grabs. Two antibodies can bind the same protein at different epitopes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epitope.md - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cancer (term): The common glandular-fever virus, carried lifelong by most adults, which in a minority of people drives nasopharyngeal cancer, some stomach cancers and several lymphomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ebv-term.md - Erythrocytosis (primary vs secondary) (term): Too many red cells. In polycythaemia vera the marrow itself is at fault (primary); far more often the cause is something else driving it, such as smoking, low oxygen, sleep apnoea, a kidney tumour or testosterone (secondary). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erythrocytosis.md - Erythromelalgia (term): Burning pain, redness and heat in the hands or feet, brought on by warmth. In polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia it comes from platelets clumping in tiny vessels and often disappears with low-dose aspirin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erythromelalgia.md - ESR1 mutation (term): A change in the oestrogen receptor gene that lets the cancer grow without oestrogen, so aromatase inhibitors stop working. Found in the blood in about a third of patients after hormone therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esr1-mutation.md - Event-free / disease-free survival (EFS, DFS, iDFS, RFS) (term): In early-stage cancer: how long patients stay free of recurrence, progression, or death. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/efs.md - Exatecan (and derivatives) (term): Exatecan is a camptothecin that blocks topoisomerase I; it was too toxic to use as a free chemotherapy, but attached to an antibody that toxicity becomes useful, and it is the parent of deruxtecan and most next-generation ADC payloads. The family shares resistance mechanisms, so switching between exatecan ADCs after progression often disappoints. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/exatecan.md - External and synthetic control arms (term): Instead of randomising patients to a control group, comparing a single-arm trial against patients treated in the past or recorded in registries, matched by propensity scores. Regulators accepted this for eflornithine in neuroblastoma and other rare cancers, but unmeasured differences between the groups, including changes in supportive care between eras, can masquerade as drug effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/external-control-arm.md - Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) (term): A stool test for hidden blood, done at home every year. Positive results are followed by colonoscopy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fit-test.md - Fast Track and RMAT designations (term): Two of the FDA's expedited programmes: Fast Track gives drugs for serious unmet needs more frequent FDA meetings and rolling review; RMAT is the equivalent for cell and gene therapies. Neither guarantees approval or changes the evidence standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fast-track-rmat.md - Fc engineering / effector function (term): Tweaking the antibody's tail to make it recruit immune cells more strongly, or not at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fc-effector.md - FDA laboratory-developed test (LDT) rule (term): Most cancer tests in the US, including Galleri, Signatera and Oncotype DX, are 'lab-developed tests' overseen through lab standards rather than FDA approval; the FDA's 2024 attempt to change that was struck down in court in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fda-ldt-rule.md - Febrile neutropenia (term): Fever in a patient whose infection-fighting white cells have been wiped out by chemotherapy. It is a medical emergency: without immune cells, an ordinary infection can become fatal in hours, so antibiotics are started immediately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/febrile-neutropenia.md - Feeding tube (gastrostomy, PEG, jejunostomy) (term): A tube placed into the stomach (gastrostomy, PEG) or small bowel (jejunostomy) so a patient who cannot swallow enough can still be fed through the gut. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/feeding-tube.md - FGFR2 fusions and rearrangements (term): A broken-and-rejoined FGFR2 gene that drives about one in eight intrahepatic bile duct cancers and can be switched off with pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fgfr2-fusion.md - FGFR3 alterations (bladder cancer) (term): FGFR3 is a growth-receptor gene mutated or fused in about a fifth of advanced bladder cancers and most low-grade early ones. It is the only targetable biomarker in bladder cancer so far. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fgfr3.md - Financial toxicity (term): The harm caused to patients by the cost of cancer care: depleted savings, debt, skipped medication and worse survival. Measured like any other side effect and, increasingly, treated like one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/financial-toxicity.md - First-in-human (FIH) trial (term): The first time a new drug is given to people, after animal and laboratory testing and clearance of an Investigational New Drug application. In oncology these are phase 1 trials in patients with advanced cancer who have exhausted standard options, starting at a fraction of the dose predicted to be safe; modern designs run straight through to registrational cohorts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/first-in-human.md - FISH / ISH (in situ hybridisation) (term): A test that uses glowing DNA probes on a tissue slide to count gene copies or spot rearranged genes inside individual cells, used to confirm HER2 amplification, MYCN in neuroblastoma, or ALK and MYC rearrangements. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fish.md - Fixed-duration vs continuous therapy (term): Whether a drug is taken for a set period (say 12 months) and then stopped even though it is still working, or continued indefinitely until it fails. Fixed-duration gives patients years off treatment; continuous therapy avoids the risk of the cancer regrowing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fixed-duration.md - FLOT regimen (perioperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer) (term): Four cycles of chemotherapy before and four after surgery for stomach and junction cancer, using fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel. It replaced the older ECF recipe after the FLOT4 trial and is now the Western standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flot-term.md - Flow cytometry (immunophenotyping) (term): A machine that streams cells one by one past lasers and reads the surface proteins (CD markers) each carries, identifying what kind of cell it is. It is how leukaemias and lymphomas are typed and how residual disease is counted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flow-cytometry.md - FLT3-ITD allelic ratio (term): How much of the FLT3 gene in the leukaemia carries the internal duplication, measured as the ratio of mutant to normal copies. The 2017 European LeukemiaNet guidelines used it to grade risk; the 2022 update dropped it because midostaurin and quizartinib help regardless of the ratio. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flt3-itd-allelic-ratio.md - FNCLCC grade (soft-tissue sarcoma) (term): The FNCLCC grade is a 1-to-3 score for soft-tissue sarcomas based on how abnormal, how fast-dividing, and how much dead tissue the tumour shows; grade drives whether chemotherapy is considered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fnclcc-grade.md - FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, FOLFIRINOX and CAPOX (term): The standard chemotherapy recipes for bowel and pancreatic cancer, named from their ingredients: FOL (folinic acid) + F (5-fluorouracil) + OX (oxaliplatin), IRI (irinotecan), or both (FOLFIRINOX). CAPOX swaps the 5-FU infusion for capecitabine tablets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/folfox-family.md - Full (traditional, regular) approval (term): The ordinary form of drug approval, granted when a trial has shown real clinical benefit such as longer survival, as opposed to an accelerated approval granted on an early stand-in measure and still awaiting confirmation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/full-approval.md - Futility analysis (stopped for futility) (term): A planned check partway through a trial to see whether the new treatment has any realistic chance of proving better; if not, the trial is stopped to spare patients and money. The opposite rule stops a trial early when benefit is overwhelming. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/futility.md - Gastrectomy (term): Removing part (subtotal) or all (total) of the stomach for stomach cancer, with the bowel joined to what remains. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gastrectomy.md - Gastro-oesophageal junction (GEJ) (term): Where the food pipe meets the stomach. Cancers here are classed by how far above or below the junction they centre (Siewert I-III), which decides whether they are treated like oesophageal or stomach cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gej.md - Gene (term): A stretch of DNA that holds the recipe for one protein (or one working RNA). Humans have about 20,000, and cancer typically involves a handful of them going wrong. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gene.md - Gene amplification and copy-number change (term): Cancer cells often have extra copies of a growth gene (amplification) or have lost copies of a protective one (deletion), rather than a spelling change within the gene. Extra copies of HER2 or MYCN are classic examples that change treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gene-amplification.md - Gene expression (term): How much a gene is switched on, and therefore how much of its protein a cell makes. Cancer cells often express the wrong genes at the wrong levels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gene-expression.md - Gene fusion (term): A gene fusion is two genes broken and joined together, creating a hybrid protein that can drive cancer. Fusion-driven cancers are often exquisitely drug-sensitive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gene-fusion.md - Genomic profiling (term): Reading the DNA (and sometimes RNA) of a tumour, usually with a panel of a few hundred genes, to list its mutations, fusions and amplifications and match them to approved drugs or trials. Guidelines now require it before first-line treatment in lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, though in several cancer types most tumours still show no actionable finding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genomic-profiling.md - Germline BRCA mutation (gBRCA) (term): An inherited fault in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, present in every cell from birth, that greatly raises the risk of breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancer and makes those cancers sensitive to PARP inhibitors and platinum. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gbrca-mutation.md - Germline vs somatic mutations (term): Germline mutations are inherited and in every cell; somatic mutations arise in the tumour only. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/germline-vs-somatic.md - Gleason score / Grade Group (term): The pathologist's 1-to-5 grade of how abnormal prostate cancer looks, which drives most treatment decisions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gleason-grade-group.md - Glycaemic index and glycaemic load (term): How fast a food raises blood sugar (index) and how much, given the portion (load). High-glycaemic-load diets are weakly linked to some cancers, largely via obesity and insulin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glycaemic-index.md - Grade (term): How abnormal the cancer cells look under the microscope, from grade 1 (close to normal, slow) to grade 3 or 4 (wildly abnormal, fast). Grade is about behaviour; stage is about extent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-grade.md - Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukaemia (term): After a donor transplant, the donor's immune cells may attack the patient's skin, gut and liver (graft-versus-host disease) while also hunting down leftover leukaemia (graft-versus-leukaemia). The two effects are linked, so doctors try to keep enough of the second without too much of the first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gvhd.md - Gray unit (Gy) (term): The unit of radiation dose absorbed by tissue: one gray is one joule per kilogram. A curative course is typically 50-70 Gy in total; a single bone-pain treatment is 8 Gy. Radiopharmaceuticals are prescribed by activity in becquerels (GBq) instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gray-unit.md - Growth factor (term): A protein released by one cell that tells nearby cells to grow, divide or survive. Cancers often make their own or become hypersensitive to it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/growth-factor.md - Growth signal (term): The instruction a cell receives to grow and divide. Normal cells wait for it; cancer cells fake it, so they keep dividing whether or not the body wants more of them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/growth-signal.md - Gut microbiome diversity and composition (term): How many different kinds of bacteria live in the gut and which ones dominate. Higher diversity and certain species are linked with better immunotherapy response; antibiotics and poor diet reduce both. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gut-microbiome-diversity.md - H3 K27M (diffuse midline glioma) (term): A single change in a histone protein that defines diffuse midline glioma, the childhood brain tumour with the fewest treatment options, and now the target of the first approved drug for it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/h3k27m.md - Haematocrit (term): The share of blood volume made up of red cells. Normal is roughly 40 to 50 percent; in polycythaemia vera treatment aims to keep it under 45 percent, because above that clots become much more likely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/haematocrit.md - Half-life (term): The time it takes for the amount of a drug in the blood to fall by half. It sets how often a drug must be given: hours to a day for small molecules such as kinase inhibitors, so they are taken daily, and two to four weeks for antibodies, so they are given every three or six weeks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/half-life.md - Hallmark (2022): non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming (term): Cancers can change behaviour, including becoming drug-tolerant, without any new mutation, by rewriting the chemical tags that control which genes are read. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nonmutational-epigenetic-reprogramming.md - Hallmark (2022): polymorphic microbiomes (term): The bacteria living in and around us differ from person to person and influence cancer risk, progression, and how well treatments work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polymorphic-microbiomes.md - Hallmark (2022): senescent cells (term): Cells that have permanently stopped dividing but stay alive and secrete inflammatory signals, helping nearby cancer cells grow and resist treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/senescent-cells.md - Hallmark (2022): unlocking phenotypic plasticity (term): Cancer cells escape the normal rule that mature cells stay what they are: they dedifferentiate, transdifferentiate, or refuse to mature. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/unlocking-phenotypic-plasticity.md - Hallmark: activating invasion and metastasis (term): Cancer cells detach, invade, travel, and colonise other organs, the process responsible for most cancer deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/activating-invasion-metastasis.md - Hallmark: avoiding immune destruction (term): Cancers hide from or switch off the immune system, by losing the molecules that display their antigens or by raising checkpoint brakes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/avoiding-immune-destruction.md - Hallmark: enabling replicative immortality (term): Cancer cells bypass the division limit set by shortening telomeres, usually by reactivating telomerase. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enabling-replicative-immortality.md - Hallmark: evading growth suppressors (term): Evading growth suppressors means cutting the brakes that normally stop division, p53 and RB above all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evading-growth-suppressors.md - Hallmark: inducing or accessing vasculature (term): Tumours grow their own blood supply, or co-opt existing vessels, to get oxygen and nutrients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inducing-angiogenesis.md - Hallmark: reprogramming cellular metabolism (term): Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to build biomass fast, burning glucose inefficiently and gorging on glutamine and lipids. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deregulating-cellular-energetics.md - Hallmark: resisting cell death (term): Resisting cell death is the hallmark by which cancer cells disable their self-destruct programmes, chiefly apoptosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resisting-cell-death.md - Hallmark: sustaining proliferative signalling (term): Cancer cells keep telling themselves to divide, by making their own growth signals or jamming the receptors on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sustaining-proliferative-signaling.md - Hallmarks of Cancer (term): The Hallmarks of Cancer is the most-cited framework in cancer biology: a short list of the capabilities every cancer must acquire, from unlimited growth to hiding from the immune system. The 2022 update lists eight hallmarks, two enabling characteristics, and four new dimensions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hallmarks-of-cancer.md - Hand-foot syndrome and hand-foot skin reaction (term): Redness, peeling, pain and cracking of the palms and soles caused by certain chemotherapy pills and by kinase inhibitors that block blood vessel growth. Rarely dangerous but can stop patients walking or using their hands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hand-foot-syndrome.md - Hazard ratio (HR) (term): A hazard ratio is a number comparing the rate of bad events in two groups. An HR of 0.5 means the risk is halved at any moment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hazard-ratio.md - Head and neck subsites (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx) (term): Head and neck cancer is really several cancers named by exact location: mouth (oral cavity), back of the throat (oropharynx, where HPV cancers arise), voice box (larynx), lower throat (hypopharynx) and behind the nose (nasopharynx). Each behaves and is treated differently. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/head-neck-subsites.md - Health technology assessment (HTA), reimbursement and QALYs (term): Approval says a drug works; reimbursement says who will pay. Health technology assessment bodies (NICE, G-BA, PBAC) judge whether the benefit is worth the price, often per quality-adjusted life year, and can delay access for years after approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hta.md - Hepatectomy (liver resection) (term): Cutting out the part of the liver containing tumour. The liver regrows, so up to 70% can be removed if what remains is healthy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hepatectomy.md - Hepatitis B and C as cancer causes (term): Two viruses cause most liver cancer worldwide. One is preventable by vaccine, the other curable with pills, which makes liver cancer one of the most preventable cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hbv-hcv.md - Hepatotoxicity (liver enzyme elevation) (term): Liver injury from a drug, usually detected as a rise in liver enzymes (ALT, AST) on routine blood tests before symptoms appear. Most cases settle with a pause or dose reduction; a few, especially with checkpoint inhibitors or in already damaged livers, are serious. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hepatotoxicity.md - Hepcidin (term): The liver hormone that controls how much iron the body absorbs and releases. Drugs that mimic it lock iron away so the marrow cannot make excess red cells, the idea behind rusfertide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hepcidin.md - HER2-low and HER2-ultralow (term): Tumours with a little HER2 (IHC 1+ or 2+ without amplification), or a trace (ultralow), which older HER2 drugs ignored but Enhertu can attack. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-low.md - HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or ISH-amplified) (term): A cancer with too much HER2 growth-signal protein, either scored 3+ on the stain or shown to have extra copies of the gene. Once the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, it is now among the most treatable thanks to anti-HER2 drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-positive.md - HER2-positive brain metastases (term): Up to half of women with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer develop brain metastases, because antibodies control the body but historically not the brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-brain-metastases.md - Hereditary cancer syndromes (term): About 5-10% of cancers arise from an inherited gene fault. Recognising the syndromes (BRCA, Lynch, Li-Fraumeni, VHL, MEN, FAP, retinoblastoma and dozens more) changes screening, surgery and treatment for the patient and their relatives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hereditary-cancer-syndromes.md - High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) (term): High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is the most common type of ovarian cancer and the one most often found late; it actually starts in the fallopian tube and almost always has a broken TP53 gene, and it is the type PARP inhibitors were built for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hgsoc.md - High-risk cytogenetics (myeloma) (term): Chromosome changes such as del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16) and extra copies of 1q that mark myeloma likely to relapse early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/high-risk-myeloma.md - HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) (term): After surgeons remove all visible tumour from the abdominal lining, the abdomen is bathed for 60-90 minutes in heated chemotherapy to kill the microscopic cells left behind. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hipec-procedure.md - Histologic transformation (term): When a lung adenocarcinoma escapes targeted therapy by turning into a different cell type, usually small-cell. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histologic-transformation.md - Histology (term): The study of tissue under the microscope. A cancer's histology is what kind of cells it is made of and how they are arranged, which is how a pathologist names it and grades it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histology.md - Histotype-tailored therapy (term): Histotype-tailored therapy means choosing treatment by the specific sarcoma subtype (there are more than 70) rather than treating all sarcomas alike. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarcoma-histotype-tailoring.md - HLA-A*02:01 restriction (term): Some T-cell-receptor drugs only work in people with a particular immune 'tissue type'. About half of people of European ancestry have it; far fewer in some other populations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hla-a02-restriction.md - Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) (term): A tumour that cannot properly repair double-strand DNA breaks, usually because of BRCA or related gene loss. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hrd.md - Hormone receptor status (ER / PR) (term): Whether a breast cancer's cells carry receptors for oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR). If they do, the cancer is fed by these hormones and can be treated by blocking them; about 70% of breast cancers are hormone receptor-positive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hormone-receptor-status.md - Hormone therapy (term): Treatment that starves cancers which grow in response to a hormone, mainly oestrogen in breast cancer and testosterone in prostate cancer, by lowering the hormone or blocking its receptor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hormone-therapy.md - Hot vs cold tumours (term): 'Hot' tumours are full of immune cells and respond to immunotherapy; 'cold' tumours have kept the immune system out. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cold-vs-hot.md - HPV status (HPV-positive / HPV-negative) (term): Whether a cancer is caused by human papillomavirus. HPV-positive throat cancers are a different, far more curable disease than smoking-related ones, and the virus's DNA in blood can track the cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpv-status.md - HPV-positive (p16) head and neck cancer (term): Throat cancers caused by the human papillomavirus, identified by a p16 stain. They affect younger non-smokers and are far more curable than tobacco-related cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpv-p16.md - Hydrophilic next-generation linkers (TMALIN, Dolaflexin, sulfonyl-pyrimidine, PEG-containing) (term): Hydrophilic next-generation linkers have built-in sugars or polyethylene glycol that let ADCs carry more payload without clumping, and they resist efflux pumps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hydrophilic-next-gen.md - Hyperglycaemia (PI3K/AKT inhibitor class effect) (term): High blood sugar as a side effect of drugs that block the PI3K/AKT pathway, because the same pathway carries insulin's signal in muscle and liver. It is the main reason these otherwise effective breast cancer drugs are hard to give. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hyperglycaemia.md - Hypofractionation (fewer, larger radiotherapy doses) (term): Giving radiotherapy in fewer, bigger daily doses (fractions) so a course takes one to three weeks instead of five to seven. Randomised trials showed equal control and side effects in breast (START, FAST-Forward) and prostate (CHHiP, PACE-B) cancer, and a single dose suffices for bone pain; adoption lags where health systems are paid per fraction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hypofractionation.md - Hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection risk after B-cell therapies (term): A shortage of antibodies because treatment has wiped out the B cells or plasma cells that make them, as CD19 CAR-T, CD20 antibodies and BCMA therapies deliberately do. It leaves patients prone to infections, sometimes for years, and is managed with immunoglobulin infusions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hypogammaglobulinaemia.md - Hypomethylating agents (azacitidine, decitabine) (term): Low-intensity chemotherapy that strips chemical 'off' switches (methyl groups) from DNA so silenced genes can be read again. The mainstay for older patients with AML and high-risk MDS, especially combined with venetoclax. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hma.md - Hysterectomy (term): Removing the uterus (womb), often with the cervix, tubes and ovaries. Simple hysterectomy is the standard curative operation for endometrial cancer, and radical hysterectomy, which also removes tissue beside the cervix and the upper vagina, treats early cervical cancer; the LACC trial showed open surgery beats laparoscopic for cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hysterectomy.md - ICANS (neurotoxicity) (term): ICANS is confusion, speech difficulty, and rarely seizures after CAR-T or bispecific therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icans.md - ICER and health technology assessment (term): Independent bodies that judge whether a new cancer drug's benefit is worth its price; decisive for coverage outside the US and increasingly inside it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/icer-value-assessment.md - IGHV mutational status (term): Whether the leukaemia's antibody gene has been 'edited' by the immune system. Unmutated means faster-growing CLL and a bigger benefit from targeted drugs over chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ighv-status.md - IMDC risk groups (favourable / intermediate / poor) (term): The IMDC score uses six factors to sort metastatic kidney cancer into three risk groups. It decides whether dual immunotherapy or immunotherapy plus a targeted pill is offered first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imdc-risk.md - Immune checkpoint (term): Brakes on the immune system that stop T cells attacking healthy tissue. Tumours pull these brakes to protect themselves; checkpoint inhibitor drugs release them so T cells can attack the cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immune-checkpoint.md - Immune exclusion (term): A tumour where the immune cells arrive but are stopped at the edge, held back by scar tissue and signals such as TGF-β. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immune-exclusion.md - Immune system (term): The body's defence network of cells and molecules that recognises and destroys infected, foreign and abnormal cells. It kills most would-be cancers before they are ever noticed; the ones that survive have learned to hide from it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immune-system.md - Immune-mediated colitis and diarrhoea (term): Inflammation of the bowel caused by immunotherapy releasing the immune system against the gut lining, producing diarrhoea that can be severe. It is the commonest serious side effect of CTLA-4 antibodies and is treated with steroids and, if needed, infliximab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immune-colitis.md - Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (term): Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are the autoimmune side effects of checkpoint inhibitors: colitis, thyroid problems, rash, hepatitis, pneumonitis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/irae.md - Immune-related endocrinopathies (thyroiditis, hypophysitis) (term): Immunotherapy can attack hormone-producing glands: most often the thyroid (usually ending in an under-active thyroid needing lifelong tablets), and less often the pituitary (hypophysitis) or adrenal glands, which can be life-threatening if missed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immune-endocrinopathy.md - Immune-related myocarditis (term): Rare but frequently fatal inflammation of the heart muscle triggered by checkpoint inhibitors, usually in the first two months. It often comes with muscle and nerve-muscle inflammation, and needs urgent high-dose steroids. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myocarditis.md - Immuno-oncology (IO) and checkpoint blockade (term): Treatments that take the brakes off the patient's own immune system so it attacks the cancer, chiefly antibodies against PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. 'IO' is industry shorthand; 'chemo-IO' means chemotherapy plus a checkpoint inhibitor, the commonest first-line combination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immuno-oncology.md - Immunogenic cell death (term): Immunogenic cell death is a way of dying that alerts the immune system, unlike quiet apoptosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunogenic-cell-death.md - Immunohistochemistry (IHC) (term): Staining a tissue slice with antibodies so a protein shows up in colour under the microscope. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ihc.md - Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and CELMoDs (term): Thalidomide and its descendants lenalidomide and pomalidomide, which hijack a cellular waste-disposal tag (cereblon) to destroy two proteins myeloma cells depend on, while also revving up T and NK cells. CELMoDs such as iberdomide and mezigdomide bind cereblon more tightly and work after lenalidomide fails; clots, low blood counts and birth defects are class risks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imid.md - Immunonutrition (term): Immunonutrition means nutritional drinks enriched with specific nutrients (arginine, omega-3 fats, nucleotides) meant to strengthen immune function, mostly given before major surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunonutrition.md - Immunotherapy (term): Any treatment that works by getting the patient's own immune system to attack the cancer, rather than attacking the cancer directly. It can produce responses that last for years, but only in some patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunotherapy-term.md - IMRT / IGRT / VMAT (modern external beam radiotherapy) (term): Radiation beams shaped and varied in intensity from multiple angles, or while the machine rotates around the patient (VMAT), so the dose hugs the tumour and misses healthy tissue, checked against imaging before each session so it lands where planned. It cut dry mouth in head and neck cancer and rectal toxicity in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imrt-term.md - In situ (term): Latin for 'in place': abnormal cells that look like cancer but have not yet broken through the layer they started in. Stage 0. Not yet able to spread, and usually curable by removing it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/in-situ.md - In vitro and in vivo (term): In vitro means 'in glass': experiments on cells or molecules in a dish. In vivo means 'in the living': experiments in animals or people. A drug that kills cancer cells in vitro has cleared only the first and easiest hurdle. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/in-vitro-in-vivo.md - Incidence versus prevalence (term): Incidence is how many new cases occur in a year; prevalence is how many people are living with the disease at a given moment. A curable or fast-killing cancer can have high incidence but low prevalence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/incidence-vs-prevalence.md - Indication withdrawal (term): When a drug's approval for a particular cancer is cancelled, usually because the confirmatory trial failed to show benefit, sometimes because of safety. The drug may stay on the market for its other uses, and occasionally an indication is later re-approved on new data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/approval-withdrawal.md - Induction therapy (term): The first, most intensive block of treatment, intended to knock the cancer into remission. In leukaemia it is the hospital stay that clears the marrow; in solid tumours it is chemotherapy given before definitive local treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/induction-therapy.md - Inflammation (term): The body's response to injury or infection: immune cells and fluid rush in, causing redness, heat and swelling. Short bursts heal; long-term smouldering inflammation promotes cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inflammation.md - Infusion reactions, hypersensitivity and extravasation (term): Reactions around the moment a drug is given: chills, fever or breathlessness from antibodies (infusion reactions), true allergy (hypersensitivity, rarely anaphylaxis), and leakage of a damaging drug into tissue around the vein (extravasation). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/extravasation-infusion-reaction.md - Inhibitor (term): A drug that blocks a specific protein from doing its job, usually by lodging in the pocket the protein needs to work. Most targeted cancer drugs are named after what they inhibit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inhibitor.md - INRG staging and risk groups (term): INRG staging is the international system that sorts neuroblastoma into four risk groups, from the lowest (often observed, sometimes regressing on its own) to high risk (about half of patients), using age under 18 months, spread, MYCN amplification, 11q status, ploidy and histology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inrg-staging.md - Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol analysis (term): Analysing every patient in the group they were randomised to, whether or not they actually took the treatment. It preserves the fairness of randomisation and reflects what happens when a treatment is prescribed in real life; per-protocol analysis, by contrast, counts only those who complied. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intention-to-treat.md - Interim analysis, readout and data cut-off (term): A trial's results are not one event but a series: pre-planned looks at the data (interim analyses) while it is still running, a data cut-off date that freezes the dataset for each look, a 'topline' announcement of the headline numbers, and a final analysis when enough events have happened. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/interim-analysis.md - International Prognostic Index (IPI) (term): A five-point score (age, stage, performance status, LDH, extranodal sites) that predicts how risky a lymphoma is before treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ipi-score.md - Interstitial lung disease (ILD) / pneumonitis (term): Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is lung inflammation, a serious side effect of some ADCs (especially Enhertu) and immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ild.md - Intrahepatic, perihilar, distal and gallbladder cancer (term): Bile duct cancers are named by where they start: inside the liver, at the hilum where the ducts join, in the lower duct near the pancreas, or in the gallbladder. Each behaves and mutates differently. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biliary-anatomy-subtypes.md - Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy (term): Delivering chemotherapy directly into the abdominal cavity through a catheter, so the tumour deposits on the lining get a far higher dose than the rest of the body would tolerate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intraperitoneal-chemotherapy.md - Intrathecal therapy (lumbar puncture, Ommaya reservoir) (term): Giving drugs directly into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord, by needle in the lower back or through a small reservoir under the scalp, because most drugs cannot cross from the blood into that space. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intrathecal-therapy.md - Intravesical therapy (BCG and bladder instillations) (term): Putting a drug directly into the bladder through a catheter and leaving it for an hour or two, so it treats the lining without going round the body. BCG, a weakened tuberculosis vaccine, has been the most effective such drug for 45 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/intravesical-therapy.md - Invasive (term): Cancer that has grown through the boundary of the tissue it started in and into the surrounding tissue. This is the step that separates true cancer from in situ disease and gives it access to blood and lymph vessels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/invasive-cancer.md - IVDR (EU In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation 2017/746) (term): Europe's rules for diagnostic tests, which since 2022 require most cancer tests to be certified by an independent body before they carry a CE mark, with deadlines for older tests running to 2029. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ivdr.md - JAK2 V617F (term): A single letter change in the JAK2 gene that jams the growth signal for blood cells in the on position. Almost everyone with polycythaemia vera has it, as do about half of those with essential thrombocythaemia or myelofibrosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jak2-v617f.md - Kinase (term): An enzyme that switches other proteins on by sticking a phosphate group onto them. Cancer signalling runs on kinases, and kinase inhibitors are the biggest class of targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kinase.md - KRAS mutation subtypes (G12C, G12D, G12V) (term): KRAS, the most commonly mutated cancer gene, comes in flavours named by the exact amino acid change. G12C (common in smokers' lung cancer) was the first to get a drug; G12D dominates pancreatic and colorectal cancer and its inhibitors are arriving now. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kras-mutation-subtypes.md - Label, indication and label expansion (term): A drug's label is the official document stating exactly which patients (the indication) it is approved for, at what dose, with what warnings. Each new cancer, line of therapy or combination added to it is a label expansion, approved through a supplemental application. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/label-indication.md - Landmark and milestone survival (5-year survival, median follow-up) (term): The percentage of patients alive (or progression-free) at a fixed time point such as 2, 5 or 10 years, read off a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. With immunotherapy the 'tail of the curve', the fraction still alive years later, often matters more than the median. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/landmark-survival.md - Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) (term): Operating or looking inside the abdomen through a few small holes with a camera, instead of one large incision. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/staging-laparoscopy.md - Late effects and survivorship toxicity (term): Health problems appearing months or decades after treatment ends: heart damage, infertility, second cancers, lymphoedema, dry mouth, memory problems, weak bones. They matter most for children and young adults, who live longest with them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/late-effects.md - Late recurrence (term): Hormone-driven breast cancer can come back 10 or even 20 years after treatment, unlike most cancers, which is why hormone therapy lasts so long. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/late-recurrence.md - Lauren classification (intestinal vs diffuse) (term): Stomach cancers come in two main shapes: intestinal (gland-forming, linked to H. pylori and HER2) and diffuse (scattered cells, linked to CDH1 loss and worse outcomes). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lauren-classification.md - Leptomeningeal disease (term): Cancer cells spreading in the fluid and membranes that bathe the brain and spinal cord, rather than as a solid lump. It causes headaches, nerve palsies and confusion and has been one of the hardest situations to treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leptomeningeal-disease.md - Lesion (term): A doctor's neutral word for any abnormal patch of tissue seen on a scan or examination: a lump, a nodule, a shadow. It may or may not be cancer until a biopsy says so. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lesion.md - Leukaemia (tissue type) (term): Cancer of the blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, which flood the blood with immature or abnormal white cells and crowd out normal blood production. It has no single lump to remove. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leukaemia-type.md - LGR5 (term): A marker of stem cells in the gut and of stem-like cells in tumours, used to aim drugs at the cells that regrow a cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lgr5.md - Li-Fraumeni syndrome (germline TP53) (term): Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an inherited fault in the TP53 gene giving a lifetime cancer risk near 100% in women and ~75% in men, with sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumours, adrenal cancer and leukaemias often in childhood. Whole-body MRI surveillance saves lives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-fraumeni.md - Ligand (term): The molecule that fits into a receptor and switches it on: growth factors, hormones and cytokines are all ligands. Cancers make their own ligands or mutate receptors so none is needed, and some drugs act on the ligand itself, as bevacizumab does by soaking up VEGF. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ligand.md - Limb-salvage surgery (term): Removing a bone or soft-tissue sarcoma while keeping the arm or leg, rebuilding the bone with a metal endoprosthesis or a graft. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/limb-salvage-term.md - Limited-stage vs extensive-stage (small-cell lung cancer) (term): Small-cell lung cancer uses a two-way split instead of the usual four stages: limited (confined to one side of the chest and treatable within one radiation field, about a third of patients) or extensive (everything else). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/limited-extensive-stage.md - Lines of therapy (term): First-line is the first treatment for advanced cancer; second-line is what comes after it fails, and so on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/first-line.md - Linker (ADC) (term): The linker is the chemical tether between antibody and payload. It must hold in the blood and let go inside the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/linker.md - Liver-directed therapy (TACE, TARE, HAI, ablation) (term): The set of treatments aimed only at tumours in the liver, delivered through its artery or by needle, used when the liver is the main or only site of disease: chemoembolisation, radioactive beads, ablation and infusion pumps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/liver-directed-therapy.md - Lobectomy (term): Removing one lobe of the lung (the right lung has three, the left two). The standard operation for early lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lobectomy.md - Locally advanced and locoregional disease (term): Cancer that has grown beyond its organ into nearby tissue or lymph nodes but has not spread to distant sites. It is treated with the goal of cure but usually needs several treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, drugs) together. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/locally-advanced.md - Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) (term): Low-grade serous ovarian cancer is a slow-growing, RAS-driven type of ovarian cancer that resists chemotherapy but responds to hormone blockers and MEK-pathway drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lgsoc.md - Low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (ATA risk) (term): Small thyroid cancers confined to the gland with no spread. They are almost always cured by surgery alone and no longer need radioactive iodine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/low-risk-dtc.md - Lugano classification / Ann Arbor staging (term): The Lugano classification is the lymphoma staging system: stage I to IV by how many lymph node regions and organs are involved, with PET-based response criteria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lugano-classification.md - Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery) (term): Removing only the tumour with a rim of normal breast, keeping the breast; almost always followed by radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lumpectomy.md - Lymph node (term): Small bean-shaped filters along the lymph vessels where immune cells gather. They are often the first place a cancer spreads, so surgeons check them to see how far the disease has gone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymph-node.md - Lymph node status (node-positive / node-negative) (term): Whether the cancer has reached the nearby lymph nodes, the filters along the lymphatic drainage. It is the single strongest predictor of whether cancer has escaped the organ, and it drives most decisions about extra treatment after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymph-node-status.md - Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection) (term): Surgically removing the lymph nodes that drain a tumour, both to stage the cancer and to clear any spread. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymphadenectomy.md - Lymphodepletion before CAR-T (term): A short course of chemotherapy (usually fludarabine and cyclophosphamide) given in the days before a CAR-T infusion to clear out the patient's own lymphocytes, making room and growth signals for the engineered cells to expand. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymphodepletion.md - Lymphoma (tissue type) (term): Cancer of lymphocytes, the white blood cells of the immune system, usually growing as masses in lymph nodes, spleen or other organs. It is divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and the non-Hodgkin lymphomas, most of which arise from B cells and keep surface markers such as CD20 that antibodies, ADCs and CAR-T can target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymphoma-type.md - Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (term): The pathologist has seen cancer cells inside small lymph or blood vessels in the removed tissue: a sign the tumour has found the exit routes, even if the nodes are clear. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymphovascular-invasion.md - Lynch syndrome (term): Lynch syndrome is the most common inherited cancer syndrome: a faulty mismatch-repair gene raises lifetime bowel cancer risk to 40-80% and also endometrial and other cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lynch-syndrome.md - Macrophage (term): Large immune cells that engulf debris, microbes and dead cells and coordinate inflammation. Tumours recruit and retrain them: tumour-associated macrophages can make up half the cells in some tumours, where they feed blood-vessel growth and suppress T cells, and cancer cells display CD47 as a 'don't eat me' signal to avoid being engulfed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/macrophage.md - Maintenance therapy (term): Ongoing, gentler treatment given after the main course has shrunk the cancer, to hold it in check for as long as possible rather than to shrink it further. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maintenance-therapy.md - Major pathological response (MPR) (term): When, after pre-surgery treatment, the removed tumour contains little or no living cancer: 10% or less viable cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/major-pathological-response.md - Maleimidocaproyl (mc), non-cleavable (term): The non-cleavable maleimidocaproyl (mc) linker is a tether with no cleavage site: the payload is released only when the antibody is fully digested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mc-non-cleavable.md - Malignant pleural effusion and ascites (term): Fluid that builds up around the lung (pleural effusion) or in the abdomen (ascites) because cancer cells irritate the lining and block lymph drainage; it causes breathlessness or a swollen, tight belly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pleural-effusion.md - Malnutrition screening tools (MUST, NRS-2002, MST, PG-SGA) (term): Quick questionnaires that flag who is at risk of malnutrition: recent weight loss, low BMI, poor appetite, illness severity. Anyone flagged should see a dietitian. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/malnutrition-screening.md - Mastectomy (term): Removing the whole breast, either for cancer or preventively in BRCA1/2 carriers, where bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy cuts breast cancer risk by 90% or more. For most early cancers, lumpectomy plus radiotherapy works as well, so mastectomy is chosen for large or multicentric tumours, inflammatory cancer, or patient preference. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mastectomy.md - Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) (term): The highest dose of a drug at which about a third of patients or fewer have dose-limiting side effects, the traditional target of phase 1 trials. For chemotherapy more was better; targeted drugs and antibodies often saturate their target far below it, which is why the FDA's Project Optimus now asks for two doses to be compared. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mtd.md - mc-Val-Cit-PABC (term): The mc-Val-Cit-PABC linker is the workhorse of the vedotin ADCs: a valine-citrulline dipeptide cut by cathepsin B, releasing MMAE with a bystander effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mc-vc-pabc.md - mCODE (minimal Common Oncology Data Elements) (term): A standard checklist of cancer data every electronic record should capture the same way, so data can flow between hospitals, registries, and research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mcode.md - mCRPC and mHSPC (castration-resistant vs hormone-sensitive prostate cancer) (term): Prostate cancer starts out fed by testosterone (hormone-sensitive) and shrinks when it is removed. When it learns to grow despite castrate testosterone levels it is called castration-resistant, a later and more dangerous stage with its own treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mcrpc-mhspc.md - Median survival (term): The time by which half the patients in a group have died (or, for other endpoints, progressed). It is the midpoint of a spread, not a prediction for anyone: half live longer, some much longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/median-survival.md - Mediastinum (term): The space in the middle of the chest between the two lungs, containing the heart, great vessels, windpipe, food pipe and the lymph nodes that lung cancer spreads to first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mediastinum.md - MEN1 and hereditary neuroendocrine syndromes (term): Inherited conditions (MEN1, VHL, NF1, tuberous sclerosis) that cause neuroendocrine tumours, often multiple and at a young age, so families need genetic testing and surveillance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/men1-hereditary-net.md - MET amplification (bypass resistance) (term): When lung cancer switches on the MET receptor to bypass a blocked EGFR pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/met-amplification.md - MET-hours per week (term): The unit used to measure how much exercise someone does. One MET is the energy of sitting quietly; brisk walking is about 4 METs, so 45 minutes of brisk walking is 3 MET-hours. Guidelines aim for around 10 MET-hours a week. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/met-hours.md - Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (term): Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of central obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and abnormal blood fats. It raises the risk of several cancers and worsens outcomes after diagnosis, largely through high insulin levels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metabolic-syndrome.md - Metastasis (term): Cancer that has spread from where it started to distant parts of the body, travelling through the blood or lymph. Metastasis is why staging scans look at the whole body, and the setting in which most new cancer drugs are approved first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metastasis.md - MGMT promoter methylation (term): A chemical switch that turns off a DNA-repair gene. When it is off, temozolomide works much better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mgmt.md - Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) (term): Microsatellite instability is the mark of a broken DNA spell-checker (loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2) that leaves thousands of mutations, so the tumour displays abnormal proteins that T cells can recognise. It is found in a fraction of colorectal and endometrial cancers and was the basis of the first tumour-agnostic approval, pembrolizumab in 2017. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/msi.md - Microsatellite-stable (MSS) / mismatch-repair proficient (pMMR) (term): The 'normal' result on the mismatch-repair test: the tumour has intact DNA spell-checking and few mutations. It describes about 95% of metastatic colorectal cancers and means checkpoint inhibitors alone are unlikely to work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mss-pmmr.md - Microwave ablation (MWA) (term): Like radiofrequency ablation but using microwaves, which heat faster and larger volumes and are less affected by nearby blood vessels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/microwave-ablation.md - Minimal / molecular residual disease (MRD) (term): Cancer still present after treatment but too small to see on scans, detected by blood or marrow tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrd.md - Minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic, robotic, VATS) (term): Any operation done through small incisions with cameras and long instruments, including robot-assisted surgery; the cancer operation is the same, the wound is smaller. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/minimally-invasive-surgery.md - MMAE (term): MMAE is the tubulin-blocking payload in brentuximab, enfortumab, polatuzumab and tisotumab vedotin, four approved ADCs: it halts cell division and, being membrane permeable, leaks into neighbouring tumour cells. Nerve damage and low neutrophil counts are its signature side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mmae.md - MMAF (term): MMAF is a charged cousin of MMAE that cannot cross membranes, so it kills only the targeted cell and spares neighbours. Eye side effects are characteristic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mmaf.md - Model organism (term): A species studied in the lab to understand biology that is shared with humans: mice above all, plus zebrafish, flies, worms and yeast. Mice carrying human tumours are the standard test bed for cancer drugs, and a notoriously imperfect one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/model-organism.md - Mohs surgery (term): Skin cancer surgery in which the tumour is removed in thin layers, each checked under the microscope on the spot, until the edges are clear; it spares the most normal skin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mohs-surgery.md - Molecular response (MMR, MR4, treatment-free remission) (term): In chronic myeloid leukaemia, how far the leukaemia gene signal in the blood has fallen, measured in logs: a 1,000-fold drop is a major molecular response, a 10,000-fold drop (MR4) is 'deep'. Deep responses held for two years let some patients stop their pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-response.md - Monoclonal (term): Made from a single clone of cells, so every antibody molecule in the vial is identical and binds exactly the same spot. All therapeutic antibodies are monoclonal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monoclonal.md - Mortality (term): The number of deaths from a disease in a population per year. Cancer mortality has fallen about a third since 1991 in the US, mostly from less smoking, earlier detection and better treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mortality.md - MRD negativity (myeloma, 10⁻⁵ / 10⁻⁶) (term): MRD negativity means no detectable myeloma cell among 100,000 or a million marrow cells. It is the best predictor of long survival and, since 2024, an accepted endpoint for accelerated approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrd-negativity-myeloma.md - MRD-negative complete remission (term): MRD-negative complete remission means not just no leukaemia visible under the microscope, but none detectable with tests a thousand times more sensitive. It is the goal of modern leukaemia treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mrd-negative-cr.md - Mucositis and stomatitis (term): Painful inflammation and ulcers of the mouth and gut lining, because chemotherapy and radiotherapy hit the fast-dividing cells that renew it. It affects most patients on head and neck chemoradiation or transplant conditioning, can make eating impossible, and is the usual reason those patients need feeding tubes and opioid pain relief. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mucositis.md - Mutation (term): A change in the DNA sequence, like a typo in a recipe. Most are harmless; a few change a protein in a way that helps a cell grow out of control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mutation.md - Mutational signature (term): A characteristic pattern of mutations that reveals what caused them: tobacco, UV, a broken repair gene. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mutational-signature.md - MYCN amplification (term): Extra copies of the MYCN oncogene, found in about 20% of neuroblastomas, mark the most aggressive disease and define high risk at any age. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mycn-amplification.md - Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (term): Immature immune cells that tumours summon to switch off T cells. Their numbers in blood predict worse immunotherapy outcomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells.md - NCCN Compendium and drug compendia (term): Lists of recommended off-label and on-label drug uses that US insurers, including Medicare, use to decide what to pay for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nccn-compendium.md - Necrosis (term): Messy, uncontrolled cell death, where the cell bursts and spills its contents. In tumours it usually means cells have outgrown their blood supply and starved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/necrosis.md - Neoadjuvant / adjuvant / perioperative (term): Neoadjuvant therapy is treatment given before surgery, adjuvant therapy is treatment given after it, and perioperative therapy is both. Neoadjuvant treatment shrinks tumours and shows whether the drug works in the living patient; adjuvant treatment aims to kill microscopic disease left behind. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neoadjuvant-adjuvant.md - Neoantigen (term): A protein fragment created by a tumour mutation that the immune system has never seen before, so it can attack it without harming normal cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neoantigen.md - Nephrectomy (term): Removing a kidney (radical) or just the tumour-bearing part of it (partial). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nephrectomy.md - Neuroendocrine tumour grade (Ki-67) and WHO classification (term): How fast the tumour cells are dividing, measured by Ki-67 staining, separates slow-growing neuroendocrine tumours from aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas and decides the treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/net-grade-ki67.md - Neutropenia (term): A shortage of neutrophils, the white blood cells that fight bacteria, caused by chemotherapy hitting the bone marrow. It usually bottoms out (the nadir) 7-14 days after each cycle and recovers before the next; while low, infection risk is high. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neutropenia.md - Next-generation sequencing (NGS) (term): Reading millions of DNA fragments in parallel, the engine behind every modern genomic test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ngs.md - NK cell (term): Natural killer cells: fast-acting immune cells that destroy abnormal cells without needing to be trained on a specific target. They specialise in killing cells that have hidden themselves from T cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nk-cell.md - Non-inferiority trial (term): A trial designed to show a new treatment is not meaningfully worse than the standard, rather than better: used when the new option is shorter, cheaper, less toxic or easier (five radiotherapy fractions instead of 25, six months of trastuzumab instead of twelve). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/non-inferiority.md - Non-muscle-invasive vs muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC / MIBC) (term): Bladder cancer is divided by whether it has grown into the bladder's muscle wall. Before that, it is treated inside the bladder; after, the bladder is usually removed or irradiated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nmibc-vs-mibc.md - Nucleus (term): The compartment at the centre of a cell that holds the DNA, like a library that keeps the master copies of every instruction the cell might need. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nucleus.md - Nutrition impact symptoms (term): The side-effects of cancer and its treatment that stop people eating: nausea, mouth soreness, taste changes, difficulty swallowing, early fullness, constipation, pain and low mood. Treating them is often the most effective nutrition intervention. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nutrition-impact-symptoms.md - Obesity-related cancers (IARC list of 13) (term): Excess body fat is an established cause of thirteen cancers on the IARC list, including womb, oesophagus, kidney, liver, bowel, pancreas and postmenopausal breast cancer. It accounts for roughly 4 to 8% of cancers in high-income countries, second only to smoking among preventable causes, and bariatric surgery cohorts suggest the risk is partly reversible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obesity-related-cancers.md - Objective response rate (ORR) (term): Objective response rate (ORR) is the percentage of patients whose tumours shrink by at least 30%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orr.md - Obstructive jaundice and biliary obstruction (term): Yellowing of the skin and eyes because a tumour blocks the bile duct, most often pancreatic or bile duct cancer. It causes itching, infection risk and dark urine, and it must be relieved (usually with a stent) before chemotherapy can be given safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obstructive-jaundice.md - Ocular toxicity (keratopathy, blurred vision) (term): Eye problems from cancer drugs: blurred vision and corneal damage from certain ADCs (belantamab, tisotumab), retinal fluid from MEK inhibitors, and inflammation from immunotherapy. Usually reversible with dose holds, but they need regular eye examinations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ocular-toxicity.md - ODAC (Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee) (term): A panel of outside experts the FDA convenes to debate contentious cancer drug applications in public and vote on whether the evidence is adequate. The FDA usually, but not always, follows the vote. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/odac.md - Oesophagectomy (term): Surgery that removes most of the food pipe (oesophagus) and rebuilds it by pulling the stomach up into the chest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oesophagectomy.md - Off-label (term): Prescribing an approved drug for a use not listed on its official label, for example a different cancer or an earlier stage. Legal and common in oncology, but insurers may refuse to pay and the evidence is often thinner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/off-label.md - Oligometastatic disease (term): Cancer that has spread to only a few places, which may still be curable by treating each spot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oligometastatic.md - Oligoprogression (term): When only one or two spots grow on an otherwise working targeted therapy; treat the spots and keep the pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oligoprogression.md - OMOP common data model and OHDSI (term): A shared format for patient records that lets hospitals around the world run the same study on their data without sharing it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/omop-ohdsi.md - On-target resistance mutations (gatekeeper, solvent-front, compound) (term): When a cancer becomes resistant to a targeted pill, it often does so by changing the exact spot where the drug binds: a 'gatekeeper' or 'solvent-front' mutation. Next-generation drugs are designed to fit around these changes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gatekeeper-mutation.md - Oncogene (term): A gene that, when over-activated by mutation or extra copies, pushes a cell to grow and divide. Think of an accelerator pedal stuck to the floor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncogene.md - Oncogene addiction (term): When a cancer depends so completely on one mutated gene that blocking it collapses the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncogene-addiction.md - Oncology drug pricing and price transparency (term): New cancer drugs commonly launch above $150,000-$250,000 per year in the US, with prices set without reference to benefit and hidden behind rebates; other countries negotiate or assess cost-effectiveness. Pricing policy determines who gets treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drug-price-transparency.md - Oncology workforce (term): There are not enough oncologists, radiation therapists, pathologists, oncology nurses and pharmacists for the growing number of patients, in rich countries and especially in poor ones; burnout, geography and training pipelines shape who receives care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-workforce.md - Oral SERD (term): An oral SERD is a pill that destroys the oestrogen receptor rather than just blocking it, replacing the monthly fulvestrant injection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oral-serd.md - Orchiectomy (term): Surgical removal of a testicle: the diagnostic and first curative step for testicular cancer, or of both, as a cheap permanent form of hormone therapy in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orchiectomy.md - Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation) (term): Curing a cancer with drugs and radiotherapy so that the organ (rectum, bladder, larynx, limb) does not have to be removed, keeping surgery in reserve for the minority whose cancer regrows. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/organ-preservation.md - Organoid (term): A tiny three-dimensional version of a tissue or tumour grown in the lab from a patient's own cells. Tumour organoids keep more of the original cancer's character than flat cell lines and can be used to test drugs on a patient's own cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/organoid.md - Orphan drug (term): A drug for a rare disease (in the US, fewer than 200,000 patients) that gets extra incentives, tax credits, fee waivers and seven years of market exclusivity, to make development worthwhile. Most cancers qualify, so most cancer drugs are orphans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orphan-drug.md - Orphan drug designation (term): A status for drugs treating rare diseases (under 200,000 US patients, or under 5 in 10,000 in the EU) that gives the company tax credits, fee waivers and seven to ten years of market exclusivity, to make rare-disease drug development worthwhile. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orphan-designation.md - Ovarian function suppression (OFS) (term): Temporarily switching off the ovaries with injections (or removing them) so a premenopausal woman's cancer is starved of oestrogen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ovarian-function-suppression.md - Overall survival (OS) (term): Overall survival (OS) is how long patients live, full stop. It is the gold-standard endpoint. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/os.md - Overdiagnosis (term): Finding a cancer that would never have caused symptoms or death in a person's lifetime, so that the diagnosis and treatment bring harm without benefit. It is the main downside of screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/overdiagnosis.md - Overexpression (term): When a cell makes much more of a particular protein than normal cells do. Drugs that home in on that protein can then hit the tumour harder than healthy tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/overexpression.md - P-value (term): The probability of seeing a difference at least this large if the treatment actually did nothing. Below 0.05 (a 1 in 20 chance) is the conventional threshold for calling a result 'statistically significant'. It measures surprise, not the size of the benefit: a trivial gain in a huge trial can have a tiny p-value. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/p-value.md - Palliative (term): Treatment aimed at relieving symptoms and improving quality of life rather than curing the disease. Not the same as end-of-life care: palliative treatments are given alongside anticancer drugs at every stage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/palliative-treatment.md - PAM50 / intrinsic subtypes (term): A 50-gene test that sorts breast cancers into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pam50.md - Partial response (term): The tumours have shrunk substantially (by at least 30% in total diameter) but not disappeared. Together with complete responses it makes up a trial's response rate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/partial-response.md - Pathologic complete response (pCR) (term): No invasive cancer left in the breast and lymph nodes when the surgeon removes the tissue after pre-surgery treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pcr.md - Payload (ADC) (term): The payload is the poison an ADC carries, usually a chemotherapy far too toxic to give on its own. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/payload.md - PBD dimer (SG3199 / tesirine) (term): The PBD dimer SG3199 crosslinks DNA in the minor groove without distorting it, so cells fail to detect the damage; it kills at picomolar concentrations, so ADCs need only a low drug-to-antibody ratio. Fluid retention, skin reactions and light sensitivity stopped several programmes; loncastuximab tesirine in large B-cell lymphoma is the approved example. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pbd-sg3199.md - PD-L1 expression testing (22C3, SP142, SP263) (term): A stain on the tumour biopsy that measures how much of the PD-L1 'don't attack me' protein is present, scored as a tumour proportion or combined positive score. Higher levels usually mean checkpoint inhibitors work better, and approvals in lung, triple-negative breast, gastric and head and neck cancer set minimum scores; yet PD-L1-negative tumours sometimes respond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pd-l1-testing.md - Performance status (ECOG, Karnofsky) (term): A simple score of how well a patient can get about and look after themselves: ECOG 0 is fully active, 1 restricted from strenuous work, 2 up more than half the day, 3 in bed more than half the day, 4 bedbound. It predicts how treatment will be tolerated and gates almost every trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/performance-status.md - Perineural invasion (PNI) (term): Cancer cells growing along the sheath of a nerve. Nerves act as tracks for spread, so this finding predicts recurrence, especially in pancreatic, prostate and head and neck cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/perineural-invasion.md - Peripheral neuropathy (chemotherapy-induced) (term): Nerve damage from chemotherapy that causes numbness, tingling and pain in the hands and feet, and sometimes weakness or hearing loss. It builds up with each dose, can be permanent, and is the main reason oxaliplatin, taxanes and vincristine have to be stopped or reduced. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peripheral-neuropathy.md - Peritoneal metastasis (term): Spread across the lining of the abdomen, the most common way stomach cancer recurs and the hardest to treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peritoneal-metastasis.md - Peritoneum and peritoneal metastases (term): The thin membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the bowel. Cancers of the ovary, stomach, colon, appendix and pancreas seed it with small, poorly vascularised deposits that CT under-detects and drugs reach badly, which is why surgery with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is used in appendiceal and selected ovarian cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peritoneum.md - Ph-positive ALL (term): Ph-positive ALL is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia carrying the Philadelphia chromosome. It was once the worst kind and is now often the best-controlled, thanks to TKIs and blinatumomab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ph-positive-all.md - Pharmacokinetics (PK), half-life and exposure (term): How a drug moves through the body: how much is absorbed, how high the blood level gets, how long it lasts (half-life) and how it is cleared. These numbers decide the dose, the schedule and whether a pill can be taken with food or other medicines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pharmacokinetics.md - Phase 1, 2 and 3 trials (term): The three stages a new drug passes through: phase 1 finds a safe dose in a few dozen patients, phase 2 looks for signs of activity in a hundred or so, and phase 3 compares it with the standard treatment in hundreds or thousands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trial-phases.md - Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+, BCR::ABL1) (term): A swapped piece between chromosomes 9 and 22 that fuses two genes into BCR::ABL1, a runaway kinase. It causes chronic myeloid leukaemia and a hard-to-treat quarter of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and was the target of imatinib, the first modern targeted cancer drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philadelphia-chromosome.md - Phlebotomy (venesection) (term): Removing about a pint of blood through a vein, as in a blood donation, to bring the red cell count down. It is the oldest treatment in polycythaemia vera and still the first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phlebotomy.md - Phosphorylation (term): Attaching a small phosphate tag to a protein, which changes its shape and switches it on or off. It is the cell's main way of passing signals from one protein to the next. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phosphorylation.md - Pivotal (registrational) trial (term): The trial (usually a randomised phase 3, sometimes a large phase 2) whose results are submitted to regulators as the main evidence for approval. When a company calls a trial 'registrational' it is signalling that this is the one that decides. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pivotal-trial.md - Placebo (term): An inactive look-alike treatment given to the comparison group in a trial so that neither patients nor doctors can tell who is on the real drug. In cancer trials it is added on top of standard treatment, never given instead of it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/placebo.md - Plasma EBV DNA (term): Fragments of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the blood that measure nasopharyngeal carcinoma: used to screen healthy people in endemic regions, to stage, to decide who needs extra treatment after radiotherapy, and to detect relapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/plasma-ebv-dna.md - Platinum-sensitive / platinum-resistant (term): Whether a cancer that responded to platinum chemotherapy came back more than six months later (sensitive, so platinum can be used again) or sooner (resistant, so something else is needed). The dividing line shapes ovarian and small-cell lung cancer treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/platinum-sensitivity.md - Pleura (term): The two-layered lining around each lung. Mesothelioma grows from it, lung and breast cancers spread to it, and fluid collecting between its layers causes breathlessness. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pleura.md - Pleurodesis and indwelling pleural catheter (term): Ways to stop fluid repeatedly collecting around the lung: either glue the two pleural layers together with talc, or leave a small tunnelled drain the patient empties at home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pleurodesis.md - Pneumonectomy (term): Removing an entire lung. Now rare in cancer surgery because the cost in breathing capacity is high. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pneumonectomy.md - Portal vein tumour thrombus (macrovascular invasion) (term): Liver cancer growing into the main vein that brings blood from the gut to the liver. It marks advanced disease, rules out most surgery and transplant, and makes some local treatments unsafe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/portal-vein-tumour-thrombus.md - Positive predictive value (PPV) (term): Positive predictive value (PPV) is the chance that a positive test result is actually right: true positives divided by all positives. Because it falls as a disease becomes rarer, even a specific screening test gives mostly false alarms when prevalence is low, which is why PPV decides whether a multi-cancer blood test is useful. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ppv.md - Post-PV myelofibrosis (spent phase) (term): The late stage some people with polycythaemia vera reach after many years, when the marrow scars over, the red count falls and the spleen swells. It is treated as myelofibrosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/post-pv-myelofibrosis.md - Pre-specified vs post-hoc analysis (term): Whether an analysis was planned and written down before the data were seen (pre-specified) or invented afterwards (post-hoc). Post-hoc findings, especially in subgroups, are prone to be chance and count as hypotheses for a new trial, not as evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prespecified-vs-post-hoc.md - Preclinical (term): Everything done to a potential drug before it is given to a human: lab experiments, animal testing, and the safety and manufacturing work regulators require. Most candidates never make it out. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/preclinical.md - Prehabilitation (the pre-treatment window) (term): Using the weeks between diagnosis and surgery or chemotherapy to get fitter, better nourished and psychologically prepared, so treatment goes better and recovery is faster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prehabilitation-term.md - Primary tumour (term): The original tumour where a cancer started. Cancer is named after this site for life: a breast cancer that spreads to the liver is still breast cancer, not liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/primary-tumour.md - Primary, secondary and co-primary endpoints (term): The primary endpoint is the single measurement a trial is designed and sized to test, declared in advance; if it is met, the trial is 'positive'. Secondary endpoints are additional measures that can support but not rescue a trial that missed its primary. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/primary-endpoint.md - Prodrug (term): A drug given in an inactive form that the body converts into the active medicine. It can make a drug easier to take, longer-lasting, or active only where it is needed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prodrug.md - Prognosis (term): The expected course of a disease: how likely it is to be cured, how long a person is likely to live, and how they are likely to feel. Always an estimate based on groups of similar patients, never a prediction for one person. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prognosis.md - Progression (term): The cancer is growing or spreading despite treatment, or after it. Progression usually means the current drug has stopped working and it is time to switch to the next line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/progression.md - Progression-free survival (PFS) (term): Progression-free survival (PFS) is how long patients live without their cancer growing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pfs.md - Progressive disease and radiographic progression (term): The point at which a cancer is judged to be growing again despite treatment, usually a 20% increase on scans or a new lesion (RECIST). It ends progression-free survival, usually triggers a change of treatment, and defines 'lines' of therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/progressive-disease.md - Project FrontRunner (term): An FDA initiative encouraging companies to test new cancer drugs earlier in the disease, in first-line or curative settings, rather than only after everything else has failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/project-frontrunner.md - Project Optimus (term): An FDA programme pushing companies to find the best dose of a cancer drug, not just the highest tolerable one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/project-optimus.md - Project Orbis (term): Project Orbis is a scheme where the FDA and partner regulators (Australia, Canada, UK, Switzerland, Singapore, Brazil, Israel) review a cancer drug at the same time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/project-orbis.md - Proliferation (term): Rapid multiplication of cells. A tumour's proliferation rate, often measured by the marker Ki-67, tells you how fast it is growing and how it may respond to treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proliferation.md - Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) (term): Giving the brain a preventive dose of radiation (25 Gy in 10 sessions) before any metastasis can be seen, mainly in small-cell lung cancer, which spreads to the brain in over half of patients. Its value is disputed now that MRI surveillance is routine, and cognitive side effects push practice towards watching instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pci-term.md - Proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib) (term): Drugs that block the cell's protein-recycling machine. Myeloma cells make huge amounts of antibody protein and choke on the backlog when the proteasome is blocked; normal cells cope far better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proteasome-inhibitor.md - Protein (term): The molecular machines that do almost everything in a cell: receive signals, copy DNA, build structures, digest food. Most cancer drugs work by binding to one specific protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/protein.md - PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) (term): A radioactive drug for neuroendocrine tumours: a small peptide that homes to the somatostatin receptor on the tumour cells carries lutetium-177, which irradiates them from within. Given four times, two months apart. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prrt-term.md - PSA (prostate-specific antigen) (term): A blood protein made by the prostate; raised levels prompt further tests, and falling levels show treatment is working. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psa.md - PSA50 / PSA90 response (term): PSA50 is the share of patients whose PSA falls by at least half on treatment, and PSA90 the share whose PSA falls by 90%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psa50.md - QT prolongation (term): A change on the heart's electrical trace, caused by some drugs blocking a potassium channel (hERG), that in rare cases sets off a dangerous rhythm. Drugs that do this need ECG checks and care with other medicines and low potassium or magnesium. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qt-prolongation.md - Quality of life (term): How a patient actually feels and functions day to day: symptoms, energy, mood, ability to work and live normally. Measured with questionnaires, it is the outcome that matters most alongside survival, and the one trials have historically neglected. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quality-of-life.md - Quality of life and patient-reported outcomes (QoL, PRO) (term): Measures of how patients themselves feel and function during treatment (pain, fatigue, nausea, daily activities), collected by questionnaire rather than by the doctor. Regulators and payers now expect them alongside survival, and clinician grading is known to under-report symptoms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qol-pro.md - R-CHOP (lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy) (term): R-CHOP is the standard first treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: rituximab (an antibody against CD20) plus four chemotherapy drugs (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone), given every three weeks for six cycles with curative intent. Patients who relapse within a year now go to CAR-T rather than more chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/r-chop.md - R-ISS / R2-ISS staging (term): R-ISS is the myeloma staging system, combining blood markers with high-risk chromosome changes to predict outcome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/r-iss.md - RACE for Children Act (term): A US law that makes drug companies test new targeted cancer drugs in children whenever the drug's target matters in a childhood cancer, instead of letting them skip children because their cancers are rare. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/race-for-children-act.md - Radical cystectomy (term): Removing the bladder (and nearby organs) for bladder cancer that has grown into the muscle wall; urine is then diverted through a stoma or a new bladder made of bowel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cystectomy.md - Radical prostatectomy (term): Removing the entire prostate gland and seminal vesicles for localised prostate cancer, now almost always with a robot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prostatectomy.md - Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (term): Killing a tumour by heating it with an electrical current through a needle placed under image guidance, without removing it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiofrequency-ablation.md - Radioiodine therapy (I-131) (term): Swallowing a capsule of radioactive iodine after thyroid surgery: thyroid cells (including cancer cells) are the only ones that soak up iodine, so the radiation destroys leftover thyroid tissue and metastases while sparing everything else. It was the first targeted radiotherapy, in 1946. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radioiodine-term.md - Radioiodine-refractory (RAI-R) thyroid cancer (term): Thyroid cancer that no longer takes up radioactive iodine, or keeps growing despite it. This is when kinase inhibitor pills come in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rai-refractory.md - Radiotherapy (term): Using high-energy X-rays or particles to damage the DNA of cancer cells in a precisely aimed volume of the body. On its own it cures early prostate, larynx, cervix and skin cancers, it is combined with chemotherapy in head and neck, lung, oesophageal and rectal cancers, and about half of all cancer patients receive it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiotherapy.md - Randomised trial (term): A trial in which a coin toss (done by computer) decides which treatment each patient gets, so the groups are alike in every way except the treatment. It is the only reliable way to prove a treatment causes a benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/randomised-trial.md - Rare cancers (term): Rare cancers are those with fewer than about 6 new cases per 100,000 people per year. Individually rare, together they are a quarter of all cancers and have worse survival because of late diagnosis, few trials and scattered expertise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rare-cancers.md - Rash and skin toxicity (acneiform rash, paronychia) (term): Skin reactions from cancer drugs, ranging from the acne-like rash that nearly everyone on an EGFR inhibitor gets (a sign the drug is working) to painful nail-fold infections, itching, and rare severe blistering reactions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rash-skin-toxicity.md - Re-irradiation (term): Giving radiotherapy again to a region that has already been treated, once thought impossible because normal tissues remember the first dose. Modern precision techniques make it feasible in selected patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/re-irradiation.md - Reading a hazard ratio (term): A hazard ratio of 0.70 means that at any given moment patients on the new treatment had 30% less risk of the event (death, progression) than those on the comparison. It says nothing about how many months that is worth. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hazard-ratio-basics.md - Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) and Assessment Aid (term): FDA processes that let reviewers start on trial data before the full application is filed, speeding approvals by months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/real-time-oncology-review.md - Real-world evidence (term): Data from routine care rather than clinical trials, used to check whether results hold outside the trial population. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/real-world-evidence.md - Receptor (term): A protein, usually on the cell surface, that catches a specific signal molecule from outside and relays the message inside, like a doorbell wired to the cell's controls. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/receptor.md - Rechallenge and retreatment (term): Giving a drug again after a break, on the theory that the cancer's resistance faded while it was off the drug. Sometimes it works: bowel cancers can respond again to EGFR antibodies once resistant clones have receded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rechallenge.md - RECIST (term): RECIST is the rulebook for measuring whether tumours have grown or shrunk on scans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/recist.md - Recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) (term): The dose and schedule chosen at the end of a phase 1 trial to test in larger trials, based on safety, blood levels and early signs of activity. It is often, but no longer always, the maximum tolerated dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rp2d.md - Recurrence and relapse (term): The cancer has come back after a period in which it could not be detected. 'Recurrence' is the usual word for solid tumours and 'relapse' for blood cancers; they mean the same thing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relapse-recurrence.md - Reed-Sternberg cell (term): The Reed-Sternberg cell is the giant, often two-nucleus cancer cell of Hodgkin lymphoma; it makes up only about 1% of the tumour, and the rest is immune cells it has recruited. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reed-sternberg-cell.md - Refractory (term): Cancer that does not respond to a treatment at all, or grows straight through it. Distinct from relapse, where the cancer responded first and came back later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/refractory.md - Regimen and cycles (term): A regimen is a named recipe of drugs, doses and timing; a cycle is one round of it, usually two to four weeks, giving normal tissues time to recover before the next. 'Six cycles of FOLFOX' means six repeats of that recipe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemotherapy-regimen.md - Regulators beyond the FDA (EMA/CHMP, MHRA, PMDA, NMPA, TGA) (term): Every country or bloc has its own drug regulator: the EMA (with its CHMP committee) for the EU, the MHRA for the UK, the PMDA for Japan, the NMPA for China, the TGA for Australia. The same drug can be approved in one place years before another, or on different evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/regulatory-agencies.md - Relapsed / refractory (R/R) (term): Relapsed means the cancer came back after responding; refractory means it never responded or grew during treatment. 'R/R' is the label on most trials of new blood cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relapsed-refractory.md - Remission (term): When the signs of cancer have shrunk (partial remission) or disappeared entirely (complete remission). It is not the same as cure, because cells too few to detect may remain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/remission.md - Resectable, borderline resectable and unresectable (term): The surgeon's verdict on whether the tumour can be completely removed. Resectable means yes; unresectable means it has wrapped around vital vessels, is too extensive or the patient is too frail; borderline means maybe, especially after chemotherapy shrinks it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resectability.md - Resection margins (R0 / R1 / R2) (term): Whether the edge of the removed tissue is free of cancer. R0 means clear under the microscope, R1 means microscopic cancer at the edge, R2 means visible tumour left behind. R0 is what 'complete resection' means. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resection-margins.md - Residual cancer burden (RCB) (term): A pathology score for how much cancer remains in the breast and lymph nodes after pre-surgery treatment, from 0 (none) to III (a large amount), combining tumour bed size, cellularity and nodal involvement. RCB-II or III after neoadjuvant therapy predicts a high risk of relapse and defines who enters escalation trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rcb.md - Retroperitoneum (term): The space at the back of the abdomen, behind the gut's lining, holding the kidneys, adrenals, pancreas, aorta and the para-aortic lymph nodes. Tumours here grow large before they are felt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/retroperitoneum.md - Richter transformation (term): When slow CLL suddenly turns into an aggressive lymphoma. Rare, hard to treat, and the focus of new immunotherapy trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richter-transformation.md - Risk factor (term): Anything that raises the chance of developing a cancer: smoking, alcohol, obesity, sunlight, certain infections, inherited genes, age. Around 40% of cancers in high-income countries are attributable to modifiable factors, so having a risk factor does not mean getting cancer, and the majority of cancers cannot be pinned on a modifiable one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/risk-factor.md - RNA (term): A working copy of a gene, made when the cell needs to use it. If DNA is the master library, RNA is the photocopy taken to the workshop. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rna.md - Salpingo-oophorectomy (term): Removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Done for ovarian cancer, to prevent it in BRCA carriers, or to switch off oestrogen in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/salpingo-oophorectomy.md - Salvage therapy (term): Treatment given after the first treatment has failed or the cancer has come back, aiming to rescue the situation. It can still be curative (salvage surgery after organ-preservation fails) or a later line of palliation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/salvage-therapy.md - Sarcoma (tissue type) (term): Cancer of the body's connective and supporting tissues: bone, muscle, fat, cartilage, blood vessels, fibrous tissue. Rare (about 1% of adult cancers) but relatively common in children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarcoma-type.md - Sarcomatoid differentiation (RCC) (term): A spindle-cell change found in about 10% of kidney cancers that makes them aggressive and, unexpectedly, unusually responsive to immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarcomatoid-rcc.md - Sarcopenia (term): Sarcopenia is loss of muscle mass and strength. In cancer it predicts worse chemotherapy side-effects, more surgical complications and shorter survival, and it can hide in people who look a normal weight or overweight. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarcopenia.md - Screening (term): Testing people who have no symptoms to catch cancer, or its precursors, early enough to cure. Proven for breast, cervical, colorectal and (in smokers) lung cancer; every test also finds some cancers that would never have caused harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/screening.md - Seamless, adaptive and Bayesian trial designs (term): Trial designs that change as data come in: merging phases so successful drugs move forward without pause, dropping arms or doses that are not working, adding new ones, and shifting randomisation toward what seems to help. Faster and more efficient, but they need careful statistics to stay honest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seamless-adaptive.md - Secondary malignancy (therapy-related cancer) (term): A new, different cancer caused by the treatment of the first one: leukaemia after alkylating chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors, solid tumours in irradiated tissue decades later, and rarely T-cell lymphoma after CAR-T. Rare per patient, but it matters most for those cured young. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/secondary-malignancy.md - Segmentectomy (sublobar resection) (term): Removing only a segment or wedge of a lung lobe rather than the whole lobe, sparing breathing capacity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/segmentectomy.md - Selective oestrogen receptor degrader (SERD) (term): Drugs that do not just block the oestrogen receptor but mark it for destruction, so the cancer cell loses the receptor altogether. The new oral versions work even when the receptor has mutated (ESR1) to escape older hormone pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serd.md - Sensitivity and specificity (term): Sensitivity is the share of people with the disease a test catches; specificity is the share of healthy people it correctly clears. No test scores 100% on both, and for screening the trade-off decides how many false alarms you get. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sensitivity-specificity.md - Sentinel node biopsy (term): Finding and removing the first one or two lymph nodes a tumour drains to, to see whether cancer has spread, instead of removing the whole nodal basin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sentinel-lymph-node-biopsy.md - Side effect versus adverse event (term): An adverse event is anything bad that happens to a patient during a trial, whether or not the drug caused it; a side effect is a harm the drug is known to cause. Trial tables list adverse events and then judge which were treatment-related. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/side-effect-vs-adverse-event.md - Sidedness (left vs right colon) (term): Where in the colon a tumour starts changes its biology and which drugs work. Left-sided tumours respond to EGFR antibodies; right-sided ones do not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sidedness.md - Siewert classification (GEJ tumours) (term): A way of classifying cancers at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach by where their centre sits, which decides whether they are treated as oesophageal or gastric. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/siewert-classification.md - Signalling pathway (term): A chain of proteins that passes a message from the cell surface to the nucleus, each one switching on the next like a relay race. Cancer drugs try to break a link in the chain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/signalling-pathway.md - Single-arm trial (term): A trial where everyone gets the new drug and there is no comparison group; success is judged by the share of tumours that shrink and for how long. Fast and small, it underpinned accelerated approvals for larotrectinib, sotorasib, tarlatamab and most CAR-T products, but it cannot show that patients live longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/single-arm.md - SMCC (thioether, non-cleavable) (term): SMCC is the non-cleavable thioether linker in Kadcyla: the payload is freed only when the whole antibody is digested, so nothing leaks to neighbours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/smcc.md - Smouldering myeloma / MGUS (term): Early plasma-cell conditions with no organ damage; most never progress, but high-risk smouldering disease is now sometimes treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/smoldering-myeloma.md - SN-38 (term): SN-38 is the active form of the chemotherapy irinotecan and the payload of sacituzumab govitecan. It blocks topoisomerase I so DNA breaks during copying, but it kills cells only at nanomolar concentrations, so the ADC carries roughly eight copies per antibody and uses a linker that releases it in the tumour; slow metabolisers (UGT1A1*28) get more diarrhoea. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sn-38.md - Squamous cell carcinoma (term): A carcinoma arising from the flat, layered cells that line surfaces exposed to wear: skin, mouth, throat, oesophagus, cervix, the larger airways. Often linked to tobacco, sun or HPV. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/squamous-cell-carcinoma.md - Squamous cell carcinoma vs adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus (term): Oesophageal cancer is two different diseases in one organ: squamous cell carcinoma (upper/mid oesophagus, tobacco and alcohol, dominant in Asia) and adenocarcinoma (lower oesophagus, reflux and obesity, dominant in the West). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/escc-vs-eac.md - Stable disease (term): The tumours have neither shrunk enough to count as a response nor grown enough to count as progression. For a slow cancer or a well-tolerated drug, months of stability can be a real benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stable-disease.md - Stage (term): How far a cancer has spread, from stage I (small and confined) to stage IV (spread to distant organs). Stage is the single strongest guide to treatment and prognosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-stage.md - Stage shift (term): Stage shift means finding more cancers early and fewer late; it is the measurable goal of screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stage-shift.md - Standard of care (term): The standard of care is the treatment that guidelines and experts currently consider the best-proven option. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/standard-of-care.md - Standardised uptake value (SUV) (term): The standardised uptake value (SUV) is a number for how brightly a spot lights up on a PET scan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/suv.md - Statistical significance (P values, alpha, multiplicity) (term): A result is 'statistically significant' when it would be unlikely (usually under 5%) to arise by chance if the treatment did nothing. It is a threshold, not a measure of benefit size: a tiny gain can pass it in a huge trial and a large one can miss it in a small trial, so ESMO and ASCO grade benefit separately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/statistical-significance.md - Stem cell (term): A cell that can both copy itself indefinitely and produce the specialised cells of a tissue. Cancers may be sustained by a small population of stem-like cells that survive treatment and regrow the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stem-cell.md - Stenting (biliary, oesophageal, airway) (term): Placing a small mesh or plastic tube to hold open a duct or passage that a tumour is squeezing shut, relieving jaundice, swallowing difficulty or breathlessness. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biliary-stent.md - Step-up dosing (T-cell engagers) (term): Starting a bispecific T-cell engager (teclistamab, glofitamab, epcoritamab, tarlatamab) at a tiny dose and increasing it over the first week, so T cells are switched on gradually and the fever-and-low-blood-pressure reaction (cytokine release syndrome) stays mild. The hospital stay it needs has slowed community adoption. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/step-up-dosing.md - Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT / SABR) (term): A course of one to five large, pinpoint-accurate radiation doses that destroy a tumour outside the brain almost like surgery, for patients who cannot or prefer not to have an operation. It is standard for inoperable early lung cancer and the backbone of oligometastatic treatment; toxicity is mostly to whatever lies within a centimetre of the target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sbrt-term.md - Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (term): A single high dose of radiation delivered to a brain tumour or metastasis by beams converging from all sides, so the target gets a destructive dose while the surrounding brain gets little; no scalpel is involved despite the name. It treats metastases up to about 3-4 cm and has replaced whole-brain radiotherapy for limited disease because it spares cognition. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stereotactic-radiosurgery.md - STK11 / KEAP1 co-mutations (term): Two genes whose loss, often alongside a KRAS mutation, makes lung cancer 'cold' to immunotherapy and shortens survival on standard treatment. They are the reason two KRAS-mutant lung cancers can behave completely differently. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stk11-keap1.md - Stoma (colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy) (term): An opening made in the abdominal wall so bowel or urine empties into a bag; may be temporary while a join heals, or permanent when the rectum, anus or bladder has been removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stoma.md - Subgroup analysis (forest plots) (term): Splitting a trial's patients into groups (by age, sex, biomarker, region) to see whether the treatment worked the same in each. Shown as a forest plot. Genuine differences are rare and most striking subgroup results are noise, so they need confirmation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/subgroup-analysis.md - Sulfo-SPDB (disulfide) (term): Sulfo-SPDB is a hindered disulfide linker that is stable in blood but is cut by the reducing environment inside cells, then converted to a membrane-crossing form. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sulfo-spdb.md - Surgical morbidity and postoperative complications (term): The harms of an operation itself: complications (leaks, infections, bleeding, pneumonia), time in hospital, and deaths within 30 or 90 days. Big cancer operations carry real risk, which is weighed against their chance of cure and drives the search for less invasive alternatives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surgical-morbidity.md - Surrogate endpoint (term): A quicker, easier measurement used as a stand-in for what really matters. Tumour shrinkage or delayed growth stands in for living longer, on the assumption, not always true, that one leads to the other. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surrogate-endpoint.md - Synthetic lethality (term): Two genes where losing either alone is fine but losing both kills the cell. Cancers that have lost one become vulnerable to drugs against the other. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/synthetic-lethality.md - Systemic versus local therapy (term): Local therapy (surgery, radiotherapy) treats one place in the body; systemic therapy (drugs given by mouth or vein) travels through the bloodstream and treats the whole body, including cancer cells too small to see. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/systemic-vs-local-therapy.md - T cell (term): The immune system's trained assassins. Each T cell recognises one specific target displayed on a cell's surface and, if the cell is infected or cancerous, kills it. Most immunotherapy is about unleashing them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/t-cell.md - T-cell exhaustion and CAR-T persistence (term): Immune T cells that have been fighting too long become 'exhausted': sluggish, covered in inhibitory receptors, unable to kill. It limits both the patient's natural anti-tumour response and how long engineered CAR-T cells keep working (persistence). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/t-cell-exhaustion-term.md - T030 (belotecan derivative) (term): T030 is the belotecan-derived topoisomerase payload in sacituzumab tirumotecan, designed to be less affected by the pumps that eject SN-38. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/t030.md - TACE (transarterial chemoembolisation) (term): Threading a catheter into the artery feeding a liver tumour and injecting chemotherapy plus particles that block the blood supply, starving and poisoning it at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tace-term.md - TARE / SIRT (radioembolisation with yttrium-90) (term): Injecting tiny radioactive glass or resin beads into the liver's artery so they lodge in the tumour and irradiate it from inside. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tare.md - Targeted therapy (term): Drugs designed to hit a specific molecule the cancer depends on, usually a protein made by a mutated or amplified gene, while leaving normal cells relatively alone. The tumour is tested first to see whether it carries the target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/targeted-therapy-term.md - Taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel, nab-paclitaxel) (term): Chemotherapy drugs originally from the yew tree that freeze the cell's internal scaffolding (microtubules) so it cannot divide. Used in breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, gastric and head and neck cancers; their main lasting side effect is nerve damage in the hands and feet. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/taxane.md - TERT promoter mutation (term): A mutation that keeps the cell's immortality enzyme switched on. In thyroid cancer, having it alongside BRAF marks the tumours most likely to spread and resist iodine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tert-promoter.md - Tetrapeptide GGFG (maleimide-GGFG-aminomethyl) (term): The GGFG tetrapeptide (glycine-glycine-phenylalanine-glycine) is the tether between antibody and payload in Enhertu and Dato-DXd. Lysosomal cathepsins cut it inside the cancer cell, and it holds in circulation well enough to allow eight payloads per antibody, a load earlier linkers could not carry safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ggfg.md - Theranostics (term): Using the same targeting molecule for a diagnostic scan and a therapy, so you treat exactly what you can see. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/theranostics.md - Therapeutic index (therapeutic window) (term): The gap between the dose that works and the dose that harms. Classic chemotherapy has a narrow window (the dose that kills the tumour nearly kills the patient); a wider window is the whole point of targeted drugs, ADCs and immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/therapeutic-index.md - Thrombocytopenia (term): Too few platelets, the blood cells that form clots, caused by chemotherapy or by the cancer in the marrow. Mild cases cause bruising; severe cases (under 10-20 × 10⁹/L) risk serious bleeding and need platelet transfusions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thrombocytopenia.md - Thyroidectomy (term): Removing all (total) or half (hemi-) of the thyroid gland, after which thyroid hormone tablets replace its function. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thyroidectomy.md - Time to progression (TTP) and time to next treatment (TTNT) (term): A family of 'time to X' endpoints: how long until the cancer grows (TTP, which unlike PFS ignores deaths), until the patient needs another treatment (TTNT), until it spreads (metastasis-free survival), or until symptoms worsen. Each captures something patients care about that survival alone misses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ttp.md - TNM staging (term): TNM staging is the universal system describing tumour size (T), lymph node spread (N), and distant metastasis (M). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tnm-staging.md - Topoisomerase-I inhibitor payloads (term): Topoisomerase-I inhibitor payloads are the payload class behind Enhertu, Trodelvy and Dato-DXd: poisons that trap the enzyme that untwists DNA, so dividing cells break their own DNA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/topoisomerase-i-payloads.md - Total mesorectal excision (TME) (term): The standard rectal cancer operation: the rectum is removed together with its surrounding fatty envelope (the mesorectum) in one intact package, which is where local recurrences used to come from. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/total-mesorectal-excision.md - Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT, rectal cancer) (term): Giving all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy for rectal cancer before surgery rather than splitting it around the operation. It improves completion of chemotherapy, shrinks more tumours completely, and makes avoiding surgery possible for some patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/total-neoadjuvant-therapy.md - Toxicity grade (term): A 1 to 5 severity scale for side effects: grade 1 mild, grade 2 moderate, grade 3 severe and needing intervention, grade 4 life-threatening, grade 5 fatal. Trials report the percentage of patients with grade 3 or worse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/toxicity-grade.md - TP53-mutated (p53-abnormal) (term): Loss of the p53 'guardian of the genome', the most commonly mutated gene in cancer. In blood cancers and several solid tumours a TP53 mutation marks the highest-risk group, resistant to chemotherapy and hard to treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tp53-mutated.md - Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) (term): Shaving a bladder tumour away from the inside using a scope passed up the urethra. It is both the diagnosis and, for non-muscle-invasive cancer, the treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/turbt.md - Trastuzumab cardiotoxicity (term): HER2 drugs can weaken the heart's pumping, usually reversibly, so heart function is checked every three months during treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trastuzumab-cardiotoxicity.md - TSH suppression (term): Giving slightly more thyroid hormone than the body needs after thyroid cancer surgery, to switch off the pituitary signal that could feed leftover cancer cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tsh-suppression.md - Tubulin inhibitor payloads (term): Tubulin inhibitor payloads were the first generation of modern ADC payloads: drugs that jam the cell's scaffolding so it cannot divide. Nerve and eye side effects are typical. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tubulin-inhibitor-payloads.md - Tumour differentiation (well / moderately / poorly differentiated) (term): How much the cancer cells still resemble the normal tissue they came from. Well-differentiated tumours look almost normal and tend to grow slowly; poorly differentiated ones have lost their identity and behave aggressively. It is the basis of grade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-differentiation.md - Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) (term): When a treatment kills cancer cells faster than the body can clear their contents, flooding the blood with potassium, phosphate and uric acid and injuring the kidneys and heart. Risk is highest in bulky CLL and high-count AML, which is why venetoclax starts at a tiny dose and ramps up over weeks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumor-lysis-syndrome.md - Tumour marker (term): A substance, usually a protein, that a tumour releases into the blood in measurable amounts. Rising or falling levels track whether the cancer is growing or responding, though they are rarely good enough for diagnosis on their own. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-marker.md - Tumour markers (CEA, LDH, chromogranin, thyroglobulin) (term): Substances released into the blood by some cancers that can be measured with a simple test, useful for tracking whether treatment is working or the cancer is coming back, but rarely good enough to diagnose or screen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-markers.md - Tumour mutational burden (TMB) (term): How many mutations a tumour has. More mutations mean more targets for the immune system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tmb.md - Tumour proportion score (TPS) (term): The PD-L1 score used in lung cancer: the percentage of tumour cells that stain positive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tps.md - Tumour suppressor gene (term): A gene whose normal job is to stop cells dividing or to make damaged cells die. Losing it removes a brake, so the cell can grow unchecked even without a stuck accelerator. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-suppressor-gene.md - Tumour-agnostic (tissue-agnostic) approval (term): A tumour-agnostic approval lets a drug be used for any cancer carrying a specific molecular feature, regardless of where it started. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-agnostic.md - Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) (term): Tumour-associated macrophages are immune cells that should eat cancer cells but are re-educated by the tumour to protect it instead. They are often the most abundant immune cell in a tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumor-associated-macrophages.md - Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (term): Immune cells that have got inside the tumour. More of them means better outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tils.md - Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (term): Pills that block the on-switch enzyme (a kinase) that a particular cancer depends on: imatinib for CML, osimertinib for EGFR lung cancer, ibrutinib for CLL. Usually taken daily at home and continued as long as they work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tki-term.md - Ulceration (melanoma) (term): Loss of the skin surface over a melanoma under the microscope; a sign of aggressive biology that raises the stage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ulceration-melanoma.md - Ultra-processed food (NOVA group 4) (term): Industrially formulated products made mostly from extracted or synthesised ingredients (soft drinks, packaged snacks, reconstituted meats, ready meals). High intake is linked with obesity and, in cohort studies, with more cancer, though the evidence is graded only 'suggestive' because of classification and confounding problems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ultra-processed-food.md - Undetectable MRD (uMRD / MRD-negative) (term): The test for leftover cancer cells found none, down to the sensitivity of the assay (often one cell in 100,000 or a million). It is the deepest remission we can measure and is becoming a treatment goal and trial endpoint in blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/umrd.md - Unproven diet claims (alkaline, juice, 'anti-cancer' diets) (term): Diets marketed as cancer cures or preventives with no supporting evidence: alkaline diets, juice cleanses, Gerson therapy, apricot kernels and the like. Some are merely useless; several have caused harm or led people to delay effective treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/unproven-diet-claims.md - Val-Ala dipeptide (term): The Val-Ala dipeptide linker is easier to manufacture and less prone to aggregation than valine-citrulline, and is used with PBD payloads. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/val-ala.md - Variant allele frequency (VAF) (term): The fraction of DNA reads carrying a mutation. Tells you how much of the sample is mutant and how clonal it is. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vaf.md - Variant of uncertain significance (VUS) (term): A variant of uncertain significance (VUS) is a genetic change that has been found but nobody yet knows whether it matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vus.md - Vein-to-vein time and manufacturing slots (term): For CAR-T, the number of days from collecting the patient's cells to infusing the finished product, typically three to six weeks. Every day counts when the disease is aggressive, and manufacturing capacity (slots) limits how many patients can be treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vein-to-vein-time.md - Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (term): Blood clots in the leg veins or lungs. Cancer makes blood clot more easily and some treatments (IMiDs, anti-VEGF drugs, hormone therapy, central lines, surgery) add risk; clots are the second commonest cause of death in cancer patients after the cancer itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vte.md - Von Hippel-Lindau disease (term): Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an inherited condition causing kidney cancers, adrenal tumours, and blood-vessel tumours of the brain, spine, eye and pancreas from early adulthood. It taught us how cells sense oxygen and gave rise to the drug belzutifan, the first medicine for VHL tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vhl-disease.md - VRd and Dara-VRd (myeloma induction regimens) (term): The alphabet soup of myeloma treatment: V (bortezomib, Velcade), R (lenalidomide, Revlimid), d (dexamethasone), Dara (daratumumab), Isa (isatuximab), K (carfilzomib). Dara-VRd, a four-drug quadruplet, is now the standard first treatment for most patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vrd.md - Warburg effect (term): Cancer cells burn glucose into lactate even when oxygen is plentiful, an inefficient but fast way to make building blocks. Otto Warburg described it in the 1920s. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/warburg-effect.md - Warburg-effect diet claims ('sugar feeds cancer') (term): Cancer cells take up far more glucose than normal tissue (the Warburg effect, the basis of FDG-PET scans), which leads people to conclude that cutting sugar starves tumours. The biology is real but the conclusion is not: blood glucose is tightly regulated, tumours also burn glutamine, lactate and fat, and no randomised trial shows sugar restriction improves cancer outcomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/warburg-effect-diet-claims.md - Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) (term): The big operation for cancers of the head of the pancreas: the surgeon removes the pancreatic head, the duodenum, the gallbladder and part of the bile duct, then reconnects everything. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/whipple.md - WHO Essential Medicines List for cancer (term): The World Health Organization's list of medicines every health system should provide, which now includes about 60 cancer drugs from cyclophosphamide and cisplatin to trastuzumab, imatinib and PD-1 inhibitors, guiding procurement and pricing in lower-income countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/who-essential-medicines.md - Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) (term): Irradiating the entire brain, typically 30 Gy in 10 sessions, when metastases are too numerous or too widespread (leptomeningeal) for focused radiosurgery. It controls disease but dulls memory, so it is now reserved for those cases, with hippocampal-avoidance planning and memantine to limit the decline. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wbrt.md - Whole-genome doubling (WGD) (term): Whole-genome doubling is a single event in which a cancer cell duplicates its entire genome, becoming tetraploid. It happens in about a third of cancers and buffers the chaos that follows. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/whole-genome-doubling.md - Wide local excision (term): Cutting out a tumour together with a measured rim of normal-looking tissue around it, so that microscopic spread at the edge is removed too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wide-local-excision.md - Wild-type (WT) (term): The normal, unmutated version of a gene. Saying a tumour is 'RAS wild-type' means its RAS gene is not mutated, which for colorectal cancer means EGFR antibodies can work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wild-type.md - Window-of-opportunity trial (term): Giving a new drug for a few weeks in the gap between diagnosis and scheduled surgery, then examining the removed tumour to see what the drug did to it. Patients lose nothing (surgery proceeds as planned) and researchers get a direct look at the drug's biological effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/window-of-opportunity-trial.md ## Trials (3,326) Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care. - (Apex) Bezuclastinib in Patients With Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bezuclastinib in systemic mastocytosis, run by Cogent Biosciences, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04996875.md - (HARBOR) Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of BLU-263 Versus Placebo in Patients With Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Elenestinib in systemic mastocytosis, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04910685.md - (Neo)Adjuvant IDE196 (Darovasertib) in Patients With Localized Ocular Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Darovasertib in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by IDEAYA Biosciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05907954.md - (Peak) A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of CGT9486+Sunitinib vs. Sunitinib in Subjects With Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Bezuclastinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumour, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05208047.md - (PIONEER) Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Avapritinib (BLU-285), A Selective KIT Mutation-targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Versus Placebo (trial): A phase 2 trial of Avapritinib in systemic mastocytosis, run by Blueprint Medicines Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03731260.md - (Summit) A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CGT9486 Versus Placebo in Patients With Indolent or Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bezuclastinib in systemic mastocytosis, run by Cogent Biosciences, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05186753.md - (Z)-Endoxifen for the Treatment of Premenopausal Women With ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of (Z)-endoxifen in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Atossa Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05607004.md - [18F]Florastamin PET/CT Imaging Examination in Patients With Suspected Recurrent or Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Florastamin F-18 run by FutureChem, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05936658.md - [18F]FPyQCP PET Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Selected Oncology Indications (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of [18F]FPyQCP in colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Blue Earth Diagnostics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07432633.md - [68Ga]BED003 PET Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Selected Oncology Indications (trial): A phase 2 trial of [68Ga]BED003 in colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Blue Earth Diagnostics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07702292.md - 177Lu-BetaBart in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory, Locally Advanced Inoperable, or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 177Lu-BetaBart in prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Radiopharm Theranostics, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07189871.md - 64Cu-LNTH-1363S in Patients With Sarcoma or Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 64Cu-LNTH-1363S in sarcomas, oesophageal cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer, run by Lantheus Medical Imaging, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06298916.md - 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA and 67Cu-SAR-bisPSMA for Identification and Treatment of PSMA-expressing Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (SECuRE) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA in prostate cancer, run by Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04868604.md - 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA Positron Emission Tomography: A Phase 3 Study of Participants With Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA in prostate cancer, run by Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06970847.md - 89Zr-TLX250 for PET/CT Imaging of ccRCC - ZIRCON-CP Study (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zirconium-89 girentuximab run by Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited in renal cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06750419.md - 9-ING-41 in Patients With Advanced Cancers (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine, Doxorubicin, Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Actuate Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03678883.md - 9MW2821 + Toripalimab vs 9MW2821 for 1st Line Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Toripalimab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06823427.md - 9MW2821 Combined With Toripalimab in Perioperative Patients With Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Toripalimab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07314723.md - 9MW2821 Combined With Toripalimab Injection in Subjects With Local Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06079112.md - 9MW2821 in Combination With Toripalimab vs Standard Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Toripalimab, Gemcitabine, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06592326.md - A 1/2 Phase Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Activity of ASKB589 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ASKB589 Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04632108.md - A 2-part Phase 1/2 Open-label Trial on ODM-212 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Gemcitabine in mesothelioma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07563738.md - A Beta-only IL-2 ImmunoTherapY Study (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in renal cell carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Medicenna Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05086692.md - A Biomarker Study in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Aglatimagene Besadenovec (trial): A phase 2 trial of Aglatimagene besadenovec in prostate cancer, run by Candel Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07332000.md - a Clinical Research of BCMA-Targeted Prime CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Disease (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BCMA targeted prime CAR-T cells in multiple myeloma, run by Chongqing Precision Biotech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04776330.md - A Clinical Study Comparing SG301 Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone to Placebo Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SG301 in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06508983.md - A Clinical Study Evaluating a Combination of Oregovomab and Niraparib in Adult Women With Platinum Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Oregovomab, Niraparib in ovarian cancer, run by CanariaBio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05335993.md - A Clinical Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic Characteristics, and Preliminary Efficacy of the Combination of BAT8008 With BAT1308 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BAT8008 injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Bio-Thera Solutions, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06341114.md - A Clinical Study of 9MW2821 (and PD-1 Inhibitor) in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of 9MW2821 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06492005.md - A Clinical Study of Adebrelimab in Combination With SHR-8068 and Chemoradiotherapy as Perioperative Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of SHR-8068 in colorectal cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07454720.md - A Clinical Study of Arfolitixorin in Patients With mCRC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Arfolitixorin in colorectal cancer, run by Isofol Medical AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06922383.md - A Clinical Study of BCD-217 (Nurulimab + Prolgolimab) Followed by Anti-PD-1 Compared to Anti-PD-1 Monotherapy as First-Line Treatment in Subjects With Unresectable/Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing BCD-217 in melanoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05732805.md - A Clinical Study of Belzutifan (MK-6482) and Zanzalintinib in People With Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) (LITESPARK-034/LS-034/MK-6482-034) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Zanzalintinib in renal cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07489495.md - A Clinical Study of Belzutifan and Zanzalintinib in People With Recurrent Kidney Cancer Following Adjuvant Therapy (MK-6482-033) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Zanzalintinib in renal cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227402.md - A Clinical Study of Calderasib (MK-1084) and Other Treatments for Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-1084-007/KANDLELIT-007) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Calderasib in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07190248.md - A Clinical Study of Calderasib (MK-1084) in People With Advanced Solid Tumors (MK-1084-014) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Calderasib and Cetuximab in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07209111.md - A Clinical Study of Calderasib (MK-1084) With Targeted Therapy and Chemotherapy in People With Colorectal Cancer (MK-1084-012/KANDLELIT-012) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Calderasib in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06997497.md - A Clinical Study of Docetaxel for Injection (Albumin-bound) in Patients With Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Docetaxel in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06296706.md - A Clinical Study of Gocatamig (MK-6070) and Infinatamab Deruxtecan (MK-2400) in People With Small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-6070-003) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan, Atezolizumab, Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227597.md - A Clinical Study of HRS-6209 Combined With Other Treatment Regimens in Patients With Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-6209 Capsules in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06974929.md - A Clinical Study of HRS-8364 in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumor Subjects (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-8364 Tablet in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07446153.md - A Clinical Study of IBI130 for Subjects With Unresectable, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IBI130 in advanced solid tumours, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05923008.md - A Clinical Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan (I-DXd) in People With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (MK-2400-001) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan, Docetaxel, Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06925737.md - A Clinical Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan Based Treatment Combinations or as Monotherapy to Treat Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (MK-2400-01A/IDeate-Prostate02) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Docetaxel, Ifinatamab deruxtecan, Opevesostat and Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06863272.md - A Clinical Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940) and BCG in People With Bladder Cancer (V940-011/INTerpath-011) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Intismeran autogene in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06833073.md - A Clinical Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940) and Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in People With Melanoma (V940-012/INTerpath-012) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Intismeran autogene, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06961006.md - A Clinical Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940) Treatment and Pembrolizumab in People With Bladder Cancer (V940-005/INTerpath-005) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Intismeran autogene and Enfortumab vedotin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06305767.md - A Clinical Study of Intratumoral MVR-T3011 (T3011) Given as a Single Agent and in Combination With Intravenous Pembrolizumab in Participants With Adva (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of T3011, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by ImmVira Pharma Co. Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04370587.md - A Clinical Study of JMT101 in Combination With Osimertinib Versus Osimertinib Alone as First-Line Treatment for Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Sensitive Mutations (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JMT101 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06735391.md - A Clinical Study of JS105 in Combination With Other Anti-tumor Therapies in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JS105, Fulvestrant, Dalpiciclib, Toripalimab, Pyrotinib and Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Risen (Suzhou) Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06208410.md - A Clinical Study of Lutetium[177Lu] Oxodotreotide Injection in Patients With Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Lutetium[177Lu] Oxodotreotide Injection in neuroendocrine tumours, run by Sinotau Pharmaceutical Group, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06398444.md - A Clinical Study of MK-1045 (CN201) in People With Precursor B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (MK-1045-002) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MK-1045 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by MSD R&D (China) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05579132.md - A Clinical Study of MK-1045 in People With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (MK-1045-008) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MK-1045 in non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07519772.md - A Clinical Study of MK-1084 With Other Treatments for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-3475-01F) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Calderasib, Patritumab deruxtecan, Sacituzumab tirumotecan and Cetuximab in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07286149.md - A Clinical Study of MK-2870 Alone or With Other Treatments to Treat Gastrointestinal Cancers (MK-9999-02A) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Fluorouracil, FLOT in colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06428409.md - A Clinical Study of MK-3120 in People With Bladder Cancer (MK-3120-003) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MK-3120 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07222488.md - A Clinical Study of Neoadjuvant Treatment With TQB2102 for Injection for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB2102 in HER2-positive breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07043725.md - A Clinical Study of Patritumab Deruxtecan to Treat Breast Cancer (MK-1022-016) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Patritumab deruxtecan, Capecitabine, Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07060807.md - A Clinical Study of Pembrolizumab (+) Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-3475A) to Treat Newly-diagnosed Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-3475A-F84) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06698042.md - A Clinical Study of Purinostat Mesylate for Injection in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Purinostat in advanced solid tumours, run by Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06431243.md - A Clinical Study of QLC5508 and/or QLH12016 in Combination With Other Anti-tumor Therapies in Subjects With Advanced Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of QLC5508, Abiraterone acetate, Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07198633.md - A Clinical Study of Raludotatug Deruxtecan in People With Ovarian Cancer (MK-5909-003) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Raludotatug deruxtecan, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in ovarian cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06843447.md - A Clinical Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) as First-line Maintenance Treatment of Cervical Canc (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Bevacizumab in cervical cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07216703.md - A Clinical Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Patients With Bladder Cancer (MK-2870-027) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06637423.md - A Clinical Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT, MK-2870) in People With Breast Cancer (MK-2870-032) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06966700.md - A Clinical Study of SHR-3276 for Injection in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-3276 in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06643754.md - A Clinical Study of SHR-4394 in Combination With Anti-tumor Therapy in Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rezvilutamide, Tazemetostat in prostate cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07407283.md - A Clinical Study of SHR-A1811 Combined With Chemotherapy for Platinum Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Carboplatin, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06840002.md - A Clinical Study of SHR-A1811 in Combination With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab Versus Standard Therapy as First-Line Treatment for Advanced Colorectal (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, CAPOX, Fluorouracil in colorectal cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07676162.md - A Clinical Study of SHR-A1811 in the Treatment of HER2-positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Adebrelimab and SHR-8068 in biliary tract cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06778031.md - A Clinical Study of SI-B001 in Combination With Paclitaxel/Docetaxel in the Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic HNSCC (trial): A phase 2 trial of SI-B001, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Docetaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05054439.md - A Clinical Study of SPH5030 Tablets in the Treatment of Her2-positive/Mutated Biliary Tract OR Colorectal Cancer Patients. (trial): A phase 2 trial of SPH5030 in colorectal cancer, run by Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06434597.md - A Clinical Study of SYS6023 Combination Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SYS6023 and KN026 in advanced solid tumours, run by CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07597629.md - A Clinical Study of SYS6041 Combination Therapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Farletuzumab-exatecan, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer, run by CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07714668.md - A Clinical Study of T3011 in Combination With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of T3011 high dose in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06214143.md - A Clinical Study of the Anti-cancer Effects of an Investigational Therapy or Chemotherapy in Patients With Recurring Uterine Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab pamirtecan, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06340568.md - A Clinical Study of TQB2102 Versus Docetaxel Plus Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in the Treatment of HER2 Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB2102 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07003074.md - A Clinical Study of TQB2450 Injection Combined With Chemotherapy or Anlotinib Hydrochloride Capsule in the Treatment of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of TQB2450, Anlotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05913089.md - A Clinical Study of TQB3454 Tablets in the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB3454 in biliary tract cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05987358.md - A Clinical Study of YL205 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of intravenous (IV) infusion in advanced solid tumours, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06459973.md - A Clinical Study of Zilovertamab Vedotin (MK-2140) Plus Rituximab Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Prednisone (R-CHP) Versus Polatuzumab Vedotin Plus R-CHP in People With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (MK-2140-011/waveLINE-011) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zilovertamab vedotin, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Prednisone and Polatuzumab vedotin in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06890884.md - A Clinical Study on the First-line Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer With TQB2916 Injection Combined With Gemcitabine Hydrochloride for Injection and Paclitaxel for Injection (Albumin-bound Type) (trial): A phase 2 trial of TQB2916 Injection in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06962267.md - A Clinical Study to Compare BupiZenge With Lidocaine for Pain Due to Oral Mucositis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. (trial): A phase 3 trial of BupiZenge 25 mg in advanced solid tumours, run by OncoZenge AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07672236.md - A Clinical Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Serplulimab（HLX10） Combined With Bevacizumab（HLX04) and Chemotherapy (XELOX) in Patients With Meta (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Serplulimab, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04547166.md - A Clinical Study to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Abexinostat in Chinese Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Abexinostat in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Xynomic Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04024696.md - A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HLX26 (Anti-LAG-3 Monoclonal Antibody Injection) Combined With Serplulimab and Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Advanced NSCLC Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX26 and Serplulimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05787613.md - A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SI-B001 in the Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic HNSCC (trial): A phase 2 trial of SI-B001 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05044897.md - A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TQB3702 Tablets Combined With Immunochemotherapy for the Treatment of B-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of TQB3702 tablets+Chemotherapy regimen in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06566586.md - A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety of VIB305 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VIB305 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Vibrant Sciences Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07222969.md - A Clinical Study to Find the Optimal Dose of an Investigational Treatment Called BNT323 When Used in Combination With Another Investigational Treatment, BNT327, and to Test if That Combination Treatment is Safe and Beneficial for Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab pamirtecan and PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06827236.md - A Clinical Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of an Investigational Combination Therapy With BNT324 and BNT327 in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BNT324 and PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06892548.md - A Clinical Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Intratumoral Tigilanol Tiglate in Soft Tissue Sarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tigilanol Tiglate in sarcomas, run by QBiotics Group Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05755113.md - A Clinical Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Tigilanol Tiglate Directly in Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tigilanol Tiglate in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by QBiotics Group Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05608876.md - A Clinical Study to Test if an Investigational Treatment Called BNT314 When Used in Combination With Another Investigational Treatment Pumitamig (BNT3 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07079631.md - A Clinical Study to Test if an Investigational Treatment Called BNT326 is Safe and Potentially Beneficial When Used Alone or in Combination With Other Investigational Treatments Such as BNT327, for People With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07070232.md - A Clinical Trial Evaluating TG4050 in Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TG4050 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Transgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04183166.md - A Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of IBI310 in Combination With Sintilimab, for Neoadjuvant Treatment of MSI-H/dMMR Resectable Colon Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sintilimab in colorectal cancer, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05890742.md - A Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety of TD001 In Patients With PSMA-Expressing Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TD001 in prostate cancer, run by T.O.A.D. Oncology SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07258407.md - A Clinical Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Therapeutic Effects of BNT113 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone for Patients With a Form of Head and Neck Cancer Positive for Human Papilloma Virus 16 and Expressing the Protein PD-L1 (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing BNT113 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04534205.md - A Clinical Trial of Adjuvant Intismeran (V940) With or Without Pembrolizumab Coformulated With Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-3475A) in High-Risk Stage I (trial): A phase 3 trial of Intismeran autogene in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07513376.md - A Clinical Trial of Calderasib (MK-1084) and Durvalumab in People With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-1084-015/KANDLELIT-015) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Calderasib in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07554339.md - A Clinical Trial of HRS-7058 Combined Anti-tumor Drugs in Subjects With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of HRS-7058 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07032077.md - A Clinical Trial of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan in People With Advanced Esophageal Cancer (MK-3475-06F) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of I-DXd in oesophageal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07405151.md - A Clinical Trial of LBL-024 Combination Drug in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours[Substudy 01(NSCLC)] (trial): A phase 2 trial of Docetaxel, Bevacizumab, Pemetrexed and Carboplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06783647.md - A Clinical Trial of LBL-024 Combination Drug in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours[Substudy 02(BTC&HCC)] (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07111546.md - A Clinical Trial of LBL-034 in Patients With Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LBL-034 for Injection in multiple myeloma, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06049290.md - A Clinical Trial of MK-1045 and Rituximab in People With Follicular Lymphoma (MK-1045-007) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing MK-1045 in follicular lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07634471.md - A Clinical Trial of MK-1045 in People With B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (MK-1045-005) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing MK-1045 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07570173.md - A Clinical Trial of Sac-TMT in People With Non-HRD Positive Advanced Ovarian Cancer (MK-2870-021) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07318558.md - A Clinical Trial of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT, MK-2870) to Treat Urothelial Cancer (MK-2870-031) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Vinflunine and Docetaxel in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07419295.md - A Clinical Trial of SHR-A1811 in the Treatment of Triple-negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Adebrelimab and Toripalimab in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07111832.md - A Clinical Trial of Three Study Medicines (Encorafenib, Binimetinib, and Pembrolizumab) in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Encorafenib, Binimetinib, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04657991.md - A Clinical Trial of TQB2102 for Injection in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With HER2 Gene Abnormality (trial): A phase 2 trial of TQB2102 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06496490.md - A Clinical Trial of TQB2102 for Injection in the Treatment of HER2 Low-Expressing Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB2102 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06561607.md - A Clinical Trial of TQB3909 Tablets in Combination With Azacitidine for the Treatment of Myeloid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Azacitidine in advanced solid tumours, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07011186.md - A Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of TQB6411 for Injection (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TQB6411 in advanced solid tumours, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07367529.md - A Clinical Trial Testing the Safety of Pumitamig (an Investigational Drug) and How Well it Works When Combined With Chemotherapy for People Who Have N (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07255404.md - A Clinical Trial Testing the Safety of the Investigational Drug Pumitamig (BNT327) and How Well it Works in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002, Bevacizumab and Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07297212.md - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate EDV Nanocell Therapy With Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of E-EDV-D682, Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Engeneic Pty Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07049055.md - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of IAP0971 in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IAP0971 in advanced solid tumours, run by SUNHO（China）BioPharmaceutical CO., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06223841.md - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of IAP0971 in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IAP0971 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by SUNHO（China）BioPharmaceutical CO., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06581419.md - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of IBB0979 in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IBB0979 in advanced solid tumours, run by SUNHO（China）BioPharmaceutical CO., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05991583.md - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of IBD0333 in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IBD0333 in advanced solid tumours, run by SUNHO（China）BioPharmaceutical CO., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06292208.md - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Gamunex in Participants With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gamunex-C, 10% Injectable Solution in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Grifols Biologicals, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07582432.md - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of COM701 in Relapsed Platinum Sensitive Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of COM701 in ovarian cancer, run by Compugen Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06888921.md - A Clinical Trial to Test if an Investigational Combination Therapy With BNT326 and BNT327 is Safe and Potentially Beneficial for People With Advanced (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07111520.md - A Clinical Trial to Test if the Investigational Drug BNT329 is Safe and Potentially Beneficial for People With Advanced Solid Tumors Known to Express the Tumor Marker CA19-9 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BNT329 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07186842.md - A Combination of Acalabrutinib With R-CHOP in Subjects With Previously Untreated Non-GCB DLBCL (ACE-LY-312) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Acalabrutinib, Prednisone, Rituximab in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04529772.md - A Comparative Dose-finding Study of RS-113 in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abiraterone acetate, Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by R-Pharm International, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07553988.md - A Comparative Study of AZD9833 Plus Palbociclib Versus Anastrozole Plus Palbociclib in Patients With ER-Positive HER2 Negative Breast Cancer Who Have Not Received Any Systemic Treatment for Advanced Disease (trial): A phase 3 trial of Camizestrant and Palbociclib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04711252.md - A Comparison of Platinum-based Therapy With TSR-042 and Niraparib Versus Standard of Care (SOC) Platinum-based Therapy as First-line Treatment of Stage III or IV Nonmucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Niraparib and Dostarlimab in ovarian cancer, run by Tesaro, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03602859.md - A Confirmatory Clinical Study in NSCLC Patients With MET Exon 14 Mutation (KUNPENG-2) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Vebreltinib run by Beijing Pearl Biotechnology Limited Liability Company in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05989542.md - A Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of [177Lu]Lu-SN201 in Participants With Advanced Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of [177Lu]Lu-SN201 in advanced solid tumours, run by Spago Nanomedical AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06184035.md - A Dose Escalation Study of Glofitamab (RO7082859) as a Single Agent and in Combination With Obinutuzumab, Administered After a Fixed, Single Pre-treat (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Glofitamab, Obinutuzumab, Tocilizumab in non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03075696.md - A Dose Optimization/Expansion Study of SAR445877 in Adult Chinese Participants With Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SAR445877 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by Sanofi, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07692204.md - A Dose-escalation and Dose-expansion Phase I/Phase II Clinical Study of Dositinib Mesylate Tablets (90-1408) in the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Positive EGFR Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dositinib mesylate tablets in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Henan Genuine Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07231068.md - A Dose-Escalation and Expansion Study of Tacabrutideg (BGB-16673) in Participants With B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BGB-16673 in follicular lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05006716.md - A Dose-escalation Clinical Study of Intraoperative Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Aminolevulinic acid (topical, for photodynamic therapy) in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Hemerion Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05736406.md - A FIH, Phase I/IIa, Trial Assessing Feasibility of Administrations of TIL-based Immunotherapy in Patients With Metastatic CRC and PC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Mesna in colorectal cancer and prostate cancer, run by CuraCell TX AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07255664.md - A First-In Human (FIH) Study to Find Out How Well REGN10597 Medicine Given Alone or in Combination With Cemiplimab Works in Adult Participants Who Hav (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06413680.md - A First-in-human Dose Escalation and Expansion Study to Evaluate the Safety, and Tolerability of AZD8421 Alone or in Combination in Participants With (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Camizestrant, Ribociclib, Palbociclib in ovarian cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06188520.md - A First-in-human Study of 3H-10000 in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 3H-10000 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by 3H Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07354711.md - A First-in-Human Study of CKD-703 in Advanced Solid Tumors and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CKD-703 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07439094.md - A First-in-Human Study of HLA-Partially to Fully Matched Allogenic Cryopreserved Deceased Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of an investigational treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms and hodgkin lymphoma, run by Ossium Health, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05589896.md - A First-in-human Study of IBI354 in Subjects with Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IBI354 in advanced solid tumours, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05636215.md - A First-in-human Study of PARP1 Selective Inhibitor, IMP1734, in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IMP1734 in advanced solid tumours, run by Eikon Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06253130.md - A First-in-Human Study Using BDC-4182 as a Single Agent in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BDC-4182 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06921837.md - A First-in-Human Trial of BLU-924 (SAR449336) in Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BLU-924 in non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Blueprint Medicines Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07629960.md - A First-in-Human Trial of DS3790a in Participants With Hematological Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DS3790a in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07220616.md - A First-In-Human Trial of pTTL in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of pTTL in colorectal cancer, run by Neogap Therapeutics AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05908643.md - A First-in-human, Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of SAR445877 in Adult Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cetuximab, ADG126, Bevacizumab, Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Sanofi, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05584670.md - A First-in-human, Dose Escalation and Indication Expansion Study of BNT3212 as Monotherapy or in Combination With BNT327 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07147348.md - A First-in-Human, JAB-8263 in Adult Patients With Advanced Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JAB-8263 in non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer, run by Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04686682.md - A First-in-Human, Phase 1 Study of TST003 in Subjects With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TST003 in colorectal cancer, run by Transcenta Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05731271.md - A First-in-Human, Phase 1/2 Study of LAT010 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (LIGHTSPEED-1) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LAT010 in advanced solid tumours, run by Latticon Antibody Therapeutics, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06277219.md - A Global Phase 3 Study of Orelabrutinib+BR Vs.BR in Pts with TN MCL (trial): A phase 3 trial of Orelabrutinib, Bendamustine, Rituximab in mantle cell lymphoma, run by InnoCare Pharma Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06363994.md - A Global Phase II/III Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HLX43 Monotherapy or HLX43 in Combination With HLX07 Versus Docetaxel in Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing HLX43 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07459751.md - A Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for First-Line Treatment of PD-L1-high Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rilvegostomig and Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06868277.md - A Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous N (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rilvegostomig, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06627647.md - A Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Non-s (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rilvegostomig, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06692738.md - A Global Study of Midostaurin in Combination With Chemotherapy to Evaluate Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Patients With FLT3 Mutated AML (trial): A phase 2 trial of Midostaurin, Fludarabine, Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Idarubicin and Mitoxantrone in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03591510.md - A Global Study of Volrustomig (MEDI5752) Plus Chemotherapy Versus Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Participants With Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05984277.md - A Global Study to Assess the Effects of Durvalumab + Domvanalimab Following Concurrent Chemoradiation in Participants With Stage III Unresectable NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Domvanalimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05211895.md - A Global Study to Assess the Effects of Durvalumab With Oleclumab or Durvalumab With Monalizumab Following Concurrent Chemoradiation in Patients With Stage III Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Oleclumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05221840.md - A Global Study to Assess the Effects of Osimertinib in Participants With EGFRm Stage IA2-IA3 NSCLC Following Complete Tumour Resection (trial): A phase 3 trial of Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05120349.md - A I/II Phase Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of RC278 in the Treatment of Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RC278 in advanced solid tumours, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07105215.md - A IB/II Phase Clinical Study on the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of SHR-9839(sc) in Combination Anti-tumor Therapy in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-9839(sc) For Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07229638.md - A LM-302 Combination With Other Anti-Tumor Therapies Phase ll Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of LM-302, Toripalimab, Capecitabine, Nivolumab, Rivoceranib (apatinib) and Gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Zhejiang Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05934331.md - A Long-term Extension Study of PCI-32765 (Ibrutinib) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01804686.md - A Long-term Treatment Extension Study of Niraparib in Participants Who Completed a Prior GlaxoSmithKline/TESARO-sponsored Niraparib Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of Niraparib in ovarian cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04641247.md - A Master Protocol (LY900023) That Includes Several Clinical Trials of Drugs for Children and Young Adults With Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ramucirumab, Cyclophosphamide, Vinorelbine, Gemcitabine, Docetaxel and Abemaciclib in advanced solid tumours, run by Eli Lilly and Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05999994.md - A Master Protocol to Evaluate DCC-3009 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DCC-3009 in gastrointestinal stromal tumour, run by Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06630234.md - A Modular Phase 1/2 Study With CT7439 in Participants With Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CT7439 Capsules (0.5 mg, 1mg, 3mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg) in advanced solid tumours, run by Carrick Therapeutics Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06600789.md - A Modular, Phase I/II, Multicentre Study to Evaluate AZD4045, in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD4045, Daratumumab, Aldesleukin in multiple myeloma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07681596.md - A Multi-Center Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Oral Abexinostat as Monotherapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abexinostat in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Xynomic Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03934567.md - A Multi-phase Study of ASTX030 (Azacitidine and Cedazuridine) in Myeloid Neoplasm Alone or in Combination With Venetoclax in AML (AZTOUND Study) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Azacitidine and Venetoclax in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms, run by Taiho Oncology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04256317.md - A Multicenter Open Clinical Study of Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Initial Clinical Efficacy of BAT 8010 for Injection Combined With BAT 1006 in the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BAT8010 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Bio-Thera Solutions, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06376136.md - A Multicenter Study of IBI343 Monotherapy Versus Placebo in Subjects With Previously Treated, Claudin (CLDN) 18.2-positive, Pancreatic Cancer(G-HOPE-002) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IBI343 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/g-hope-002.md - A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study of Fuzuloparib Combined With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone (AA-P) Ver (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abiraterone acetate, Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04691804.md - A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Controlled, Superiority Phase III Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of F182112 Versus Standard of Care in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing F182112 in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07579234.md - A Novel Vaccine (EO2463) as Monotherapy and in Combination, for Treatment of Patients With Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lenalidomide, Rituximab in follicular lymphoma, run by Enterome, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04669171.md - A Phase 1 and 2 Study of VMD-102 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VMD-102 in hepatocellular carcinoma, uveal melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, run by VM Discovery, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07636785.md - A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of XER-001 (Amifostine for Nasoduodenal Delivery) in Combination With Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy for Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XER-001 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Xerient Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07157033.md - A Phase 1 Trial of ZN-A-1041 Enteric Capsules or Combination in Participants With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Advanced So (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RO7771950, Pertuzumab in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05593094.md - A Phase 1-2 Study of ST101 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Temozolomide in melanoma and prostate cancer, run by Sapience Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04478279.md - A Phase 1/2 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of TERN-701 in Participants With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CARDINAL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TERN-701 in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Terns, Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey USA), now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06163430.md - A Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Efficacy of HMBD-501 in Patients With HER3-Expressing (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ENV-501 in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Hummingbird Bioscience, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06956690.md - A Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Dosimetry, and Anti-tumor Activity of Ga-68-NGUL / Lu-177-DGUL in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Refractory to Standard Therapy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lu-177-DGUL in prostate cancer, run by Cellbion Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05547061.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of 177Lu-NYM032 Injection in mCRPC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 177Lu-NYM032 injection in prostate cancer, run by Norroy Bioscience Co., LTD, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06383052.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of BA3071 in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BA3071, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by BioAtla, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05180799.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of BGB-B2033, Alone or in Combination With Tislelizumab With or Without Bevacizumab, in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Sol (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tislelizumab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06427941.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of BHV-1510 (Previously PBI-410) in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Biohaven Therapeutics Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06384807.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of D3S-002 as Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Adult Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors With MAPK Pathway Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of D3S-002 in advanced solid tumours, run by D3 Bio (Wuxi) Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05886920.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of Enzomenib (DSP-5336) in Patients With Acute Leukemia (Horizen-1) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Venetoclax, Gilteritinib, Azacitidine in multiple myeloma, run by Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04988555.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of GW5282 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GW5282 in advanced solid tumours, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07328217.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of IDP-121 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hematologic Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IDP-121 in multiple myeloma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by IDP Discovery Pharma S.L., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05908409.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of KK2430 in Participants With Hematologic Neoplasms (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of KK2430 in advanced solid tumours, run by Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07629726.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of OBI-992 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of OBI-992 in advanced solid tumours, run by OBI Pharma, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06480240.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of STP938 (Dencatistat) for Adult Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell and T-Cell Lymphomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of STP938 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Step Pharma, SAS, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05463263.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of the Safety and Tolerability of MT-125 in GBM Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MT-125 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Myosin Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07185880.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of TRI-611 in ALK-Positive NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TRI-611 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by TRIANA Biomedicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07491497.md - A Phase 1/2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VS-7375, Cetuximab, Carboplatin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Verastem, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07020221.md - A Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate CHM-2101, an Autologous Cadherin 17 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CHM-2101 CAR-T cells in neuroendocrine tumours, colorectal cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Chimeric Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06055439.md - A Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and PK of JIN-A02 in Patients With EGFR Mutant Advanced NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JIN-A02 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by J Ints Bio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05394831.md - A Phase 1/2 Study to Investigate CRB-701 in Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CRB-701 in advanced solid tumours, run by Corbus Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06265727.md - A Phase 1/2 Trial of ADI-270 in ccRCC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ADI-270, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in renal cell carcinoma, run by Adicet Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06480565.md - A Phase 1/2 Trial of CLN-081 in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zipalertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Cullinan Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04036682.md - A Phase 1/2 Trial of TER-2013 in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring AKT/PI3K/PTEN Pathway Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant in endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, run by Terremoto Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07109726.md - A Phase 1/2, First-in-Human Study On ODM-212 In Subjects With Selected Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ODM-212 in advanced solid tumours, run by Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06725758.md - A Phase 1/2, Open-label, Multicenter, FIH Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, PK and Anti-tumor Activity of YH42946 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YH42946 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Yuhan Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06616766.md - A Phase 1/2a Study of 23ME-00610 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 23ME-00610 in renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, neuroendocrine tumours and small-cell lung cancer, run by 23andMe, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05199272.md - A Phase 1/2a Study of DB-1303/BNT323 in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab pamirtecan and Pertuzumab in advanced solid tumours, run by DualityBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05150691.md - A Phase 1/2a Study of DB-1311/BNT324 in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BNT324 and Enzalutamide in advanced solid tumours, run by DualityBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05914116.md - A Phase 1/2a Study of IMM-1-104 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Dabrafenib, Pembrolizumab in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Immuneering Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05585320.md - A Phase 1/2a, First-in-human, Study of BMS-986517 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07160725.md - A Phase 1b / 2 Drug Resistant Immunotherapy With Activated, Gene Modified Allogeneic or Autologous γδ T Cells (DeltEx) in Combination With Maintenance Temozolomide in Subjects With Recurrent or Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Autologous genetically modified gamma-delta T cells in glioma & glioblastoma, run by In8bio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05664243.md - A Phase 1b/2 Multisite Dose-finding and Expansion Study of WTX-330 in Adult Patients With Selected Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of WTX-330 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Werewolf Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06939283.md - A Phase 1b/2 Study of Sonrotoclax (BGB-11417) as Monotherapy and in Various Combinations With Dexamethasone Plus Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone Plus Darat (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sonrotoclax, Dexamethasone, Carfilzomib in multiple myeloma, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04973605.md - A Phase 1b/2 Study of T-DXd Combinations in HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Durvalumab, Pertuzumab and Tucatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04538742.md - A Phase 1b/2, Multicenter, Open-label Study of ACP-196 in Subjects With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ACP-196 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02586857.md - A Phase 1b/2a Study of Pocenbrodib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Darolutamide in Participants With mCRPC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Darolutamide in prostate cancer, run by Pathos AI, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06785636.md - A Phase 2 Bridging Study of Elacestrant Monotherapy in Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Elacestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Stemline Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07766018.md - A Phase 2 Clinical Study of ABSK061 and ABSK043 (trial): A phase 2 trial of ABSK061, CAPOX in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06632262.md - A Phase 2 Clinical Study of Combination Therapy With ABSK043 and Firmonertinib (trial): A phase 2 trial of ABSK043 in combination with Firmonertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06668103.md - A Phase 2 Clinical Study of Combination Therapy With ABSK043 and Glecirasib (trial): A phase 2 trial of Glecirasib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07164170.md - A Phase 2 Clinical Study of Ziftomenib in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ziftomenib in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07623616.md - A Phase 2 Neoadjuvant Study of Zanidatamab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Participants With HER2-positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zanidatamab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Docetaxel in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07102381.md - A Phase 2 Study of ABSK021 in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pimicotinib (ABSK021) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06111274.md - A Phase 2 Study of ACR-368 in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine in endometrial cancer, run by Acrivon Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05548296.md - A Phase 2 Study of Anvumetostat in Participants With MTAP-deleted Advanced NSCLC (MTAPESTRY 201) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Anvumetostat in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06593522.md - A Phase 2 Study of EIK1001 in Combo With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With Stage 4 NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of EIK1001, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Eikon Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06246110.md - A Phase 2 Study of HX301 in Patients with High-grade Giloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Hangzhou Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06703255.md - A Phase 2 Study of Luvometinib Combined With Anlotinib in KRAS-mutated NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Anlotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07562581.md - A Phase 2 Study of MAX-40279 Combined With Venetoclax and Azacitidine in Unfit Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Azacitidine and Venetoclax in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Maxinovel Pty., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07743112.md - A Phase 2 Study of PCS6422 With Capecitabine in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Capecitabine in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Processa Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06568692.md - A Phase 2 Study of SSGJ-707 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of PF-08634404, Bevacizumab, CAPOX in colorectal cancer, run by Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06493760.md - A Phase 2 Study of Tarlatamab in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05060016.md - A Phase 2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of VS-7375, Cetuximab, Panitumumab in colorectal cancer, run by Verastem, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07659795.md - A Phase 2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of VS-7375 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Verastem, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07659782.md - A Phase 2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of VS-7375, Cetuximab in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Verastem, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07644559.md - A Phase 2 Study of WU-CART-007, an Anti-CD7 Allogeneic CAR-T Cell Therapy in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-RRex) (trial): A phase 2 trial of WU-CART-007 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Allotera Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06514794.md - A Phase 2 Study of Zanidatamab in Patients With HER2-expressing Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zanidatamab in oesophageal cancer and colorectal cancer, run by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06695845.md - A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Effects of ASP5541 in Participants With Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Prednisone, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07005154.md - A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of YL202 in Patients With BC (trial): A phase 2 trial of YL202 should be intravenously infused in advanced solid tumours, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06439771.md - A Phase 2, Open-Label Study of DISC-3405 in Participants With Polycythemia Vera (PV) (trial): A phase 2 trial of DISC-3405 in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Disc Medicine, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06985147.md - A Phase 2, Open-label, Randomized, Multicenter Study of Tarlatamab Dosing Regimens in Subjects With SCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06745323.md - A Phase 2, Open-label, Single-arm Study Of Autologous M-CENK Adoptive Cell Therapy And N-803 (IL-15 Superagonist) In Combination With Gemcitabine In P (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine, Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept in ovarian cancer, run by ImmunityBio, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06710288.md - A Phase 2b Clinical Study With a Combination Immunotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Imvax, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04485949.md - A Phase 3 Clinical Study of SHR-A1912 Combined With R-GemOx Versus R-GemOx in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SHR-A1912 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06929624.md - A Phase 3 Multinational Study of Golidocitinib Versus Investigator's Choice in r/r PTCL (JACKPOT19) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Golidocitinib run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07234162.md - A Phase 3 Randomized, Masked, Controlled Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Belzupacap Sarotalocan (AU-011) Treatment Compared to Sham Control in Subjects With Primary Indeterminate Lesions or Small Choroidal Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bel-sar in uveal melanoma, run by Aura Biosciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06007690.md - A Phase 3 Single-Arm Study of UGN-102 for Treatment of Low-Grade Intermediate-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of UGN-102 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by UroGen Pharma Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05243550.md - A Phase 3 Single-arm Study of UGN-104 for the Treatment of Low-grade Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing UGN-104 in bladder & urothelial cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06774131.md - A Phase 3 Study for the Efficacy and Safety of Radotinib in CP-CML Patients With Failure or Intolerance to Previous TKIs (trial): A phase 3 trial of Radotinib HCl in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Il-Yang Pharm. Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03459534.md - A Phase 3 Study of AK112 Plus AK117 Versus Pembrolizumab in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing AK117 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06601335.md - A Phase 3 Study of HRS-8080 Versus Treatment Chosen by Physicians in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HRS-8080 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07024173.md - A Phase 3 Study of IN10018 in Combination With D-1553 Versus Standard Therapy for First Line Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IN10018 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07174908.md - A Phase 3 Study of Rusfertide in Patients With Polycythemia Vera (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rusfertide in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05210790.md - A Phase 3 Study of Sunvozertinib Versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Exon 20 Ins (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sunvozertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal (Jiangsu) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07182682.md - A Phase 3 Study of Tabelecleucel for Participants With Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease After Failu (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tabelecleucel run by Pierre Fabre Medicament, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03394365.md - A Phase 3 Study of UGN-103 for Treatment of Patients With Low-grade Intermediate-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing UGN-103 in bladder & urothelial cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06331299.md - A Phase 3 Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide and Rituximab Compared to Placebo Plus Lenalidomide and Rituximab in Pa (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tafasitamab, Rituximab, Lenalidomide in follicular lymphoma, run by Incyte Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04680052.md - A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Petosemtamab Compared With Investigator's Choice Monotherapy in Previously Treated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma P (trial): A phase 3 trial of Petosemtamab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Merus B.V., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06496178.md - A Phase 3, Controlled, Open-label, Global Randomized Study of RRx-001 With a Platinum Doublet or a Platinum Doublet in Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Etoposide, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by EpicentRx, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05566041.md - A Phase 3B Study to Evaluate Bone Mineral Density With Long-Term Use of Relugolix Combination Tablet in Women With Uterine Fibroids or Endometriosis (trial): A phase 3 trial of Relugolix in endometrial cancer, run by Sumitomo Pharma Switzerland GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05862272.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Study in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumor. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TCC1727 tablet（1） in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05970016.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Study of CTS3497 in Patients With MTAP Deficient Malignacies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CTS3497 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by CytosinLab Therapeutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06971523.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Study of FH-006 for Injection in Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FH-006 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07136142.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Study of LBL-024 in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LBL-024 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05170958.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Study of SHR-1681 for Injection in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-1681 in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06737731.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Study of SHR-4298 Injection in Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-4298 Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07229612.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Study of WJ22096 Tablets in Patients With Advanced Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of WJ22096 in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Jingao biomidical technology Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07253116.md - A Phase I/II Clinical Trial of ICP-723 in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ICP-723 in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04685226.md - A Phase I/Ⅱ Human Study of HY0001a for Injection in Adult Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Test product HY0001a for injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Huiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07069062.md - A Phase I/II of HRS-6719 in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-6719 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06922357.md - A Phase I/II Study of ABSK141 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors ( ABSK141-101 ) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ABSK141-400mg in advanced solid tumours, run by Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07417189.md - A Phase I/II Study of AST-001 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AST-001 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06245330.md - A Phase I/II Study of AST-3424 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AST-3424 in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06239155.md - A Phase I/II Study of AZD4512 Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agents in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphom (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD4512 in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07123454.md - A Phase I/II Study of CS2009 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, Etoposide, Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine and Docetaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by CStone Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06741644.md - A Phase I/II Study of DYP688 in Patients With Metastatic Uveal Melanoma and Other GNAQ/11 Mutant Melanomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DYP688 in uveal melanoma, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05415072.md - A Phase I/II Study of FWD1802 in Patients With ER+/HER2- Advanced BC. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FWD1802 in advanced solid tumours, run by Forward Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06064812.md - A Phase I/II Study of HY05350 in Mesothelin(MSLN)-Positive Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HY05350 for injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Huiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07083323.md - A Phase I/II Study of HYP-6589 Monotherapy in Treating Advanced Solid Tumors and in Combination With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Treating Patients With Advanced NSCLC Positive for Driver Genes (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Test Product HYP-6589 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Huiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06712680.md - A Phase I/II Study of LM-101 Injection in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab and Rituximab in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05615974.md - A Phase I/II Study of LM-2417 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Docetaxel, Toripalimab, Carboplatin, Niraparib and Lenvatinib in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06682780.md - A Phase I/II Study of MEDI4736 in Combination With Olaparib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Olaparib and Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, small-cell lung cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02734004.md - A Phase I/II Study of OJP-001 in Patients With Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of an investigational treatment in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd. Japan, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07075328.md - A Phase I/II Study of VLS-1488 in Subjects With Advanced Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VLS-1488 in non-small-cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, sarcomas and endometrial cancer, run by Volastra Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05902988.md - A Phase I/II Study of WJB001 Combination Therapy on Safety and Efficacy for Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Carboplatin, Nedaplatin, Niraparib, Bevacizumab and Toripalimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Wigen Biomedicine Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06953323.md - A Phase I/II Study of XZP-3287 in Metastasis Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XZP-3287 and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Sihuan Pharmaceutical Holdings Group Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04539496.md - A Phase I/II Study to Evaluate AZD5851 in GPC3+ Advanced/Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD5851 in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06084884.md - A Phase I/II Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of PRJ1-3024 in Subjects with Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PRJ1-3024 in advanced solid tumours, run by Zhuhai Yufan Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05315167.md - A Phase I/II, Dose Finding and Optimization Study of [177Lu]Lu-NeoB in Combination With Capecitabine in Patients With GRPR+, ER+, HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer After Progression on Previous Endocrine Therapy in Combination With a CDK4/6 Inhibitor. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06247995.md - A Phase I/II, Open-label Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, PK, and Preliminary Efficacy of FB849 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by 1ST Biotherapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05761223.md - A Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱa Clinical Study of GEN-725 in Combination With Dositinib (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GEN-725 tablets + Dositinib mesylate tablets in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Henan Genuine Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07362940.md - A Phase I/IIa Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic Characteristics, Immunogenicity, and Preliminary Efficacy of SGT003 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SGT003 in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07811037.md - A Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial to Investigate BVAC-E6E7 in Subjects With HPV Positive HNSCC. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BVAC-E6E7 (low level) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Cellid Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06797986.md - A Phase I/IIa Study of AL8326 Combined With Toripalimab in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Advenchen Laboratories, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07392736.md - A Phase I/IIa Study of AZD8205 Given Alone or Combined, in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Puxitatug samrotecan, Rilvegostomig, Saruparib in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05123482.md - A Phase I/IIa Study of C5252 in Patients With Intracranial Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Herpes Virus C5252 Injection in glioma & glioblastoma, run by ImmVira Pharma Co. Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07243340.md - A Phase I/IIa Study of GKL-006 Injection in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Beijing Gene Key Life Technology Co., Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07777211.md - A Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱa Study of HMPL-A251 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic HER2-expressing Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HMPL-A251 in advanced solid tumours, run by Hutchmed, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07228247.md - A Phase I/IIa Study of JAB-23E73 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS Gene Alteration (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JAB-23E73 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06959615.md - A Phase I/IIa Study of SYS6041 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Farletuzumab-exatecan in advanced solid tumours, run by CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07744763.md - A Phase Ib Study of PRJ1-3024 for Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PRJ1-3024 in melanoma, run by Zhuhai Yufan Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06727630.md - A Phase Ib/II Clinical Study of AK127 in Combination With AK112 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AK127 in combination with AK112 in advanced solid tumours, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05951608.md - A Phase Ⅰb/Ⅱ Clinical Study of Clifutinib Besylate Combined With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed AML (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Clifutinib in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05133882.md - A Phase IB/II Clinical Study of SHR-9839 for Injection Combined With Other Anti-tumor Therapies in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A1921, SHR-A2009, Aumolertinib, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin and Adebrelimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06474455.md - A Phase Ib/II Clinical Study on AK112 Combined or Not Combined With AK119 in pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AK119, Ivonescimab, CAPOX in colorectal cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05846867.md - A Phase Ib/II Clinical Study to Evaluate HLX43 in Combination With Serplulimab in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Serplulimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06848699.md - A Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial of M701 in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusions Caused by NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05543330.md - A Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of JL15003 Injection in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (rGBM) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JL15003Injection in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07501559.md - A Phase Ib/II Open-label Study of AMO959 With Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan (AAA617) in Combination With ARPI in Adult Participants With PSMA (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Enzalutamide, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07226986.md - A Phase Ib/II Study of 7MW3711 Combined With JS207 in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cisplatin and Carboplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07466160.md - A Phase Ib/II Study of AK112 in Combination With AK117 in Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AK117, Carboplatin, Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05229497.md - A Phase Ib/II Study of an Anti-HER3 Antibody, HMBD-001, With Cetuximab +/- Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous Cell Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HMBD-001, Docetaxel, Cetuximab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hummingbird Bioscience, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05910827.md - A Phase Ib/II Study to Evaluate Multiple Combination Therapies of FWD1802 in Patients With ER+/HER2- BC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib and Everolimus in advanced solid tumours, run by Forward Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07002177.md - A Phase Ib/II Trial of HS-20110 Combination Therapies in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Bevacizumab, Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine in colorectal cancer, run by Hansoh BioMedical R&D Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07283367.md - A Phase Ib/II Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HH-009 for the Treatment of FGF19-positive Advanced or Unresectable HCC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Will receive HH-009 injection 20 mg/kg, Q3W in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Huahui Health, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07547553.md - A Phase Ib/III Study of Suvemcitug Plus FTD/TPI in Participants With Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trifluridine/tipiracil in colorectal cancer, run by Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07361003.md - A Phase II Clinical Study of AK104/AK112 in Combination With TT-00420 Tablet for Advanced HCC. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tinengotinib, Cadonilimab, Ivonescimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07052253.md - A Phase II Clinical Study of FH-006 for Injection Combined With Other Anticancer Therapies in Subjects With Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adebrelimab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin and SHR-8068 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07241767.md - A Phase II Clinical Study of HRS-7058 in Combination With Antitumor Drugs in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumour (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adebrelimab, Cetuximab and SHR-A2102 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06915142.md - A Phase II Clinical Study of LBL-024 Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumour[Substudy 03(ESCC)] (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cisplatin, Tislelizumab and Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07331155.md - A Phase II Clinical Study of SKB571 as Monotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With MET Abnormalities (trial): A phase 2 trial of SKB571 for injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07308106.md - A Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate HLX43 in Combination With Serplulimab in Subjects With Advanced Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Serplulimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07253142.md - A Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate HLX43 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic HCC Failed or Intolerance to Standard Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX43 DOSE 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06742892.md - A Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate HLX43 in Patients With Recurrent/Metastatic ESCC Failed or Intolerance to Standard Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX43 in oesophageal cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06769113.md - A Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate HLX43 in Subjects With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX43 DOSE 1 (2.0 mg/kg) in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06907615.md - A Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HLX43 (Anti-PD-L1 ADC) in Patients With Advanced Gynecological Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX43 in cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06769152.md - A Phase II Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of RO7198457 Versus Watchful Waiting in Patients With ctDNA-positive, Resected Stage II (High Risk) and Stage III Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of RO7198457 intravenous (IV) in colorectal cancer, run by BioNTech SE, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04486378.md - A Phase II Clinical Trial of DZD9008 in Combination With AZD4205 in Standard Treatment Failed NSCLC Patients With EGFR Mutations (WU-KONG21) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sunvozertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06295432.md - A Phase II Clinical Trial of LBL-024 Combination Drug in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumour[Substudy 04] (trial): A phase 2 trial of Capecitabine, Tislelizumab and Oxaliplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07390383.md - A Phase II Clinical Trial of SHR-1826 for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-1826 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07489716.md - A Phase Ⅱ Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of PLB1004 in EGFR ex20ins Mutation Patients With Advanced and Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of PLB1004 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Avistone Biotechnology Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06015503.md - A Phase II Study Evaluating JAB-21822 Monotherapy in Adult Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Other Solid Tumors Harboring the KRAS p.G12C Mutation. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Glecirasib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06008288.md - A Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Inavolisib Plus Ribociclib Plus Fulvestrant Versus Placebo Plus Ribociclib Plus Fulvestrant in Participants With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Inavolisib, Ribociclib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07405801.md - A Phase II Study of AAA617 Alone and AAA617 in Combination With ARPI in Patients With PSMA PET Scan Positive CRPC (trial): A phase 2 trial of AAA617 in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05849298.md - A Phase II Study of AK146D1 Combined With AK112 in Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of AK146D1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07591090.md - A Phase II Study of AK146D1 in Combination With AK112 in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of AK146D1, Ivonescimab, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07669779.md - A Phase II Study of AMT-676 Combination Therapies in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of FLOT, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab in colorectal cancer, run by Multitude Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07474727.md - A Phase II Study of GC101 in NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of GC101 TIL in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Juncell Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07560111.md - A Phase II Study of HLX22 in Combination With Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-low, Hormone Receptor Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX22 and Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06832202.md - A Phase Ⅱ Study of RC108 in Combination With Furmonertinib for the First-line Treatment of EGFR-Mutated Combined MET-Positive Unresectable Locally Adv (trial): A phase 2 trial of Furmonertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06962865.md - A Phase II Study of SHR-8068 Injection in Combination With Anti-tumor Therapies in Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-8068, Adebrelimab, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07071714.md - A Phase II Study of SKB571 in Patients With Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SKB571 for injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07230405.md - A Phase II Study of SSGJ-706 Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer（NSCLC） Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of SSGJ-706, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07171606.md - A Phase II Study to Evaluate HLX43 in Subjects With Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Failed or Intolerance to Second-line Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX43 DOSE 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06839066.md - A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HLX43 + Serplulimab as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Subjects With NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Serplulimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07269782.md - A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of YL201 in Patients With mCRPC (trial): A phase 2 trial of YL201 in prostate cancer, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06241846.md - A Phase II Trial of LM103 for Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of LM103 TILs Injection in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou BlueHorse Therapeutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07444437.md - A Phase II Trial of LM103 in Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dacarbazine, Temozolomide, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in melanoma, run by Suzhou BlueHorse Therapeutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07310784.md - A Phase II Trial of SHR-A1811 in HER2-Expressing Recurrent/Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan in cervical cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07051486.md - A Phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ Clinical Trial of RC148 Plus Chemotherapy as 1L Therapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of RC148, CAPOX in colorectal cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07462143.md - A Phase II/III Study of F520 Combined With Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin in the Treatment of Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of F520 combined with chemotherapy in cancer of unknown primary, run by Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07761429.md - A Phase II/III Study of HR070803 in Combination With Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, Calcium Folinate and Bevacizumab Versus FOLFOX in Combination With Bevacizumab for First-line Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing HR070803 in colorectal cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05945901.md - A Phase II/III Trial Comparing Transarterial Tirapazamine Embolization (TATE) With cTACE for Intermediate-stage Liver Cancer. (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of tirapazamine in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Zhejiang Raygene Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06844357.md - A Phase II/III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Surufatinib Combined With Camrelizumab, Nab-paclitaxel, and Gemcitabine in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Gemcitabine and Camrelizumab in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Hutchmed, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06361888.md - A Phase IIa Clinical Study of Purinostat Mesylate for Injection in Patients With Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Purinostat in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06485219.md - A Phase IIa Study to Evaluate NBQ72S (trial): A phase 2 trial of NBQ72S in advanced solid tumours, run by Nantong Bencao Quadriga Medical Technology Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06810804.md - A Phase IIa, Single-arm, Open-label Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and PK of CVM-1118 in Combination With Sintilimab and TACE in Part (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sintilimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by TaiRx, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07521852.md - A Phase III Clinical Study of Adebrelimab Combined With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Placebo Combined With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for the (trial): A phase 3 trial of Adebrelimab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in cervical cancer, run by Shanghai Shengdi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07168200.md - A Phase III Clinical Study of Cadonilimab Plus SOX as Perioperative Treatment for Patients With Resectable G/GEJ Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cadonilimab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07023315.md - A Phase Ⅲ Clinical Study of Combined Cisplatin Versus Placebo Combined With Intracavitary Cisplatin Injection in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusions (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cisplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04914598.md - A Phase Ⅲ Clinical Study of HLX22 in Combination With Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Junction and Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HLX22 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06532006.md - A Phase III Clinical Study of Purinostat Mesylate for Injection in Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Purinostat in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07011056.md - A Phase III Clinical Study of Rezvilutamide in Patients With Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rezvilutamide run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd. in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07241416.md - A Phase III Clinical Trial of a 11-valent Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Hansenulapolymorpha) in Chinese Women Aged 9-45 Years (trial): A phase 3 trial of 11-valent recombinant human papilloma virus vaccine (Hansenula polymorpha) in advanced solid tumours, run by National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05262010.md - A Phase III Randomised Study to Evaluate Dato-DXd and Durvalumab for Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Treatment of Triple-Negative or Hormone Receptor-low/HER2-negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide and Carboplatin in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06112379.md - A Phase III Randomized Study in CLDN18.2-positive Unresectable Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of CAR T cells in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Suzhou Immunofoco Biotechnology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07103668.md - A Phase III Study Comparing HRS-4357 With Novel Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors in Patients With Progressive, PSMA-Positive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HRS-4357 in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07311694.md - A Phase III Study Comparing Taletrectinib With Standard Therapy in ROS1 Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Taletrectinib, Crizotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Nuvation Bio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06564324.md - A Phase III Study of AK104 as Adjuvant Therapy in HCC With High Risk of Recurrence After Curative Resection (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cadonilimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05489289.md - A Phase III Study of Ceralasertib Plus Durvalumab Versus Docetaxel in Patients With Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Whose Disease Progressed On or After Prior Anti PD (L)1 Therapy And Platinum Based Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Ceralasertib in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05450692.md - A Phase III Study of Eque-cel in Subjects With Len-refractory RRMM (FUMANBA-03) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Equecabtagene autoleucel, Daratumumab, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Nanjing IASO Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06464991.md - A Phase III Study of ESG401 for Locally Advanced or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ESG401 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06383767.md - A Phase III Study of ESG401 for Unresectable Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ESG401 in triple-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06732323.md - A Phase Ⅲ Study of Hemay022 in Combination With AI In Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capecitabine and Lapatinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Tianjin Hemay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06313983.md - A Phase III Study of HMPL-760 Plus R-GemOx VS Placebo Plus R-GemOx in Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HMPL-760 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07409428.md - A Phase III Study of Ivonescimab + Chemo With/Without AK117 in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine and Ivonescimab in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06953999.md - A Phase III Study of JSKN016 Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Have Failed Standard of Care (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JSKN016 in triple-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07533123.md - A Phase III Study of KN026 in Combination With HB1801 ± Carboplatin as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Early or Locally Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HB1801 in HER2-positive breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06747338.md - A Phase III Study of KN026 in Combination With HB1801 as Adjuvant Therapy for Resectable HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HB1801 in HER2-positive breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07441460.md - A Phase Ⅲ Study of Rilvegostomig in Combination With Fluoropyrimidine and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan as the First-line Treatment for HER2-positive Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rilvegostomig, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab, Pembrolizumab, Capecitabine and Cisplatin in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06764875.md - A Phase III Study of SHR-8068 in Combination With Adebrelimab and Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy Versus Durvalumab in Combination With Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SHR-8068 in biliary tract cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07229625.md - A Phase III Study of SHR-A1811 Injection With or Without Pertuzumab in HER2-Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Pertuzumab, Docetaxel and Trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06057610.md - A Phase III Study of SKB264 for EGFR Mutant NSCLC Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05870319.md - A Phase III Study of YL201 in Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma(TAISHAN-301) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing YL201 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/taishan-301.md - A Phase III Study of YL201 in Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer（TAISHAN-302） (trial): A phase 3 trial testing YL201 in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06612151.md - A Phase III Study to Assess the Effects of Almonertinib Following Chemoradiation in Patients With Stage III Unresectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Aumolertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04951635.md - A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of the 9-valent HPV Vaccine in Chinese Males (trial): A phase 3 trial of HPV quadrivalent vaccine in penile cancer, run by Shanghai Bovax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06465914.md - A Phase III Study With THIO + Cemiplimab vs Chemotherapy as 3rd Line Treatment in Advanced/Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cemiplimab, Docetaxel, Vinorelbine and Gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Maia Biotechnology, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06908304.md - A Phase III Trial Comparing HRS-8080 With Standard Endocrine Therapy in Patients With Intermediate or High Risk Early Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HRS-8080 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07349069.md - A Phase III Trial Comparing Tisagenlecleucel to Standard of Care (SoC) in Adult Participants With r/r Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tisagenlecleucel, Lenalidomide, Rituximab in follicular lymphoma, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05888493.md - A Phase III Trial of BNT324 Versus Docetaxel in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing BNT324 in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07365995.md - A Phase III, Active-Controlled Study of SHR-A1811 Versus Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) in HER2-Positive Primary Breast Cancer Participants With Residual Invasive Disease Following Neoadjuvant Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan and Trastuzumab emtansine in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06126640.md - A Phase III, Randomised Study of Adjuvant Dato-DXd in Combination With Rilvegostomig or Rilvegostomig Monotherapy Versus Standard of Care, Following C (trial): A phase 3 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Rilvegostomig, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06564844.md - A Phase III, Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Combination Treatment of BL-8040 and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) as Compared to Pl (trial): A phase 3 trial of Filgrastim in multiple myeloma, run by BioLineRx, Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03246529.md - A Phase IIIb Study to Evaluate Camizestrant Plus Ribociclib in ER-positive, HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Camizestrant and Ribociclib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07647328.md - A Phase IIIB Study to Evaluate the Use of Capivasertib in Combination With Fulvestrant in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer Who Have Relapsed/Progressed on ET and CDK4/6 Inhibitor Reflecting Real World Clinical Practice in Spain (trial): A phase 3 trial of Fulvestrant and Capivasertib in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06764186.md - A Phase IIII Study of AL8326 in Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing AL8326 in small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06247605.md - A Pivotal Phase II Clinical Trial of Utidelone Injection Plus Capecitabine in HER2-negative Breast Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases (trial): A phase 2 trial of Capecitabine in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Biostar Pharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06764940.md - A Pivotal Study of APG-2575 (Lisaftoclax) Combined With Azacitidine in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 3 trial of Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06389292.md - A Pivotal Study of Safety and Effectiveness of NanoKnife IRE for Stage 3 Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Modified FOLFIRINOX Regimen in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Angiodynamics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03899636.md - A Platform Study in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rilvegostomig, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06996782.md - A Platform Study of Novel Immunotherapy Combinations as First-Line Treatment in Participants With PD-L1 Positive Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck- GALAXIES H&N-202 (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dostarlimab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06062420.md - A Platform Study of Novel Immunotherapy Combinations in Participants With Previously Untreated, Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab and Dostarlimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05565378.md - A Proof-of-Concept Study to Learn Whether Linvoseltamab Can Eliminate Abnormal Plasma Cells That May Lead to Multiple Myeloma in Adult Patients With H (trial): A phase 2 trial of Linvoseltamab in multiple myeloma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06140524.md - A Proof-of-Concept Trial to Study the Safety and Activity of Linvoseltamab in Adult Participants With Smoldering Multiple Myeloma at High Risk of Deve (trial): A phase 2 trial of Linvoseltamab in multiple myeloma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05955508.md - A Prospective Pivotal Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Avastin® Bevacizumab (BEV) With or Without Microbubble-mediated Focused Ultrasound (FUS-MB) Using NaviFUS System in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bevacizumab in glioma & glioblastoma and brain and spinal cord tumours, run by NaviFUS Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06496971.md - A Randomised Phase II Study of Roginolisib in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Uveal Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Roginolisib in uveal melanoma, run by iOnctura, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06717126.md - A Randomised, Open-label, Multicentre Phase III Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of JS105 Combined With Dalpiciclib and Fulvestrant Compared With Dalpiciclib and Fulvestrant in Patients With PIK3CA-mutated, HR-positive, HER2-negative Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JS105 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07207070.md - A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Fruquintinib and TAS-102 as Compared to Fruquintinib in Patients With Refractory Advanced/Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fruquintinib, Trifluridine/tipiracil in colorectal cancer, run by Criterium, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06992258.md - A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Phase III Study of XNW5004 Tablets in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tucidinostat (chidamide) and XNW5004 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Evopoint Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06776952.md - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Comparative, Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Nuvastatic® 300mg Capsule in Reducing Cancer-Tumor in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Standard Chemotherapy. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nuvastatic 300 in colorectal cancer, run by Natureceuticals Sdn Bhd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07669454.md - A Randomized, Phase 2/3 Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of RP2 in Combination With Nivolumab in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Naïve Adult P (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by Replimune, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06581406.md - A Rollover Study Evaluating Sotorasib With or Without Panitumumab in Participants With KRAS p.G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sotorasib and Panitumumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Amgen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07172919.md - A Rollover Study for Participants Previously Enrolled in a Genentech and/or F. Hoffman-La Roche Sponsored Study (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Ipatasertib, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05862285.md - A Rollover Study of NBM-BMX in Combination With Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Temozolomide in advanced solid tumours, run by Novelwise Pharmaceutical Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07569042.md - A Safety and Efficacy Extension Study of Pertuzumab in Patients With Solid Tumors Previously Enrolled in a Hoffmann-La Roche-Sponsored Pertuzumab Clinical Trial (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02320435.md - A Safety and Efficacy Study Evaluating CTX112 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CTX112 in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by CRISPR Therapeutics AG, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05643742.md - A Safety And Efficacy Study Of Allogeneic CAR Gamma-Delta T Cells in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HLA-G-CAR.BiTE allogeneic γδ T cells in advanced solid tumours, run by Ever Supreme Bio Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06150885.md - A Safety and Efficacy Study of Bevacizumab, Paclitaxel, Carboplatin Compared to Avastin® in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bevacizumab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Mabscale, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05654454.md - A Safety and Efficacy Study of EIK1001 in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Participants With Stage 4 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing EIK1001 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07365319.md - A Safety and Efficacy Study of Treatment Combinations With and Without Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Domvanalimab, Quemliclustat, Zimberelimab and Oxaliplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Arcus Biosciences, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05329766.md - A Safety and Preliminary Efficacy Study of CC-99282, Alone and in Combination With Anti-lymphoma Agents in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory No (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Golcadomide, Rituximab, Obinutuzumab in non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03930953.md - A Safety Extension Study of Trastuzumab Emtansine in Participants Previously Treated With Trastuzumab Emtansine Alone or in Combination With Other Anti-Cancer Therapy in One of the Parent Studies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Docetaxel, Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab emtansine and Atezolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Genentech, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct00781612.md - A Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Efficacy Study of MBS303 in B-Cell NHL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MBS303 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Beijing Mabworks Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05806099.md - A Single Arm Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan for Patients With HER2 Mutant NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05246514.md - A Single Arm Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of EVX-01 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Adults With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Evaxion Biotech A/S, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05309421.md - A Single-Arm, Blinded, Fluorescent PSMA Histopathology Trial of AS1986NS (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AS1986NS in prostate cancer, run by Antelope Surgical Solutions, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06906471.md - A Single-arm, Multicenter Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of P1101 in Adults With ET (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ropeginterferon alfa-2b in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by PharmaEssentia, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05482971.md - A Single-arm, Open-label, Phase II Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of HLX10 + Chemotherapy in Patients With ES-SCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX10+chemo in small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06812260.md - A Solid Tumor Study for Long Term Treatment of Cancer Patients Who Participated in Adagrasib Studies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adagrasib, Pembrolizumab, Cetuximab, Pemetrexed, Docetaxel and Oxaliplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Mirati Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07415031.md - A Study Assessing Adverse Events and Disease Activity of Intravenously (IV) Infused Telisotuzumab Adizutecan in Adult Participants With c-Met Protein Above Cutoff Level Above Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Telisotuzumab adizutecan in colorectal cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06614192.md - A Study Assessing KB707 for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies Affecting the Lungs (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Docetaxel in metastatic cancer, run by Krystal Biotech, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06228326.md - A Study Assessing KB707 for the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Relatlimab + nivolumab, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Krystal Biotech, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05970497.md - A Study Comparing Abemaciclib Plus Temozolomide to Temozolomide Monotherapy in Children and Young Adults With High-grade Glioma Following Radiotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abemaciclib and Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06413706.md - A Study Comparing Anitocabtagene Autoleucel to Standard of Care Therapy in Participants With Relapsed/ Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Anitocabtagene autoleucel, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine in multiple myeloma, run by Kite, A Gilead Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06413498.md - A Study Comparing AZD0120, a Dual-targeted CAR-T Against B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) and CD19, Versus Standard Regimens in Participants With Rela (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07391657.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 Combined With Tislelizumab Versus Platinum-containing Chemotherapy Combined With Tislelizumab as First-line Treatment in Pa (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Tislelizumab, Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07502300.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 in Combination With Osimertinib Versus Osimertinib Alone in Patients With Locally Advanced, Unresectable EGFR-mutated Non-s (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07640789.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Chemotherapy of Physician's Choice in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma(PANKU-Bladder01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Docetaxel in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06857175.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Chemotherapy of Physician's Choice in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer After Failure of Prior Endocrine Therapy(PANKU-Breast03) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07648914.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Chemotherapy of Physician's Choice in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic HR+HER2- Breast Cancer(PANKU-Breast01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Eribulin, Vinorelbine, Gemcitabine and Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06343948.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Docetaxel in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic EGFR Wild-type Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(PANKU (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06382129.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Physician's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma(PANKU-NPC01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Capecitabine, Gemcitabine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06118333.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Platinum Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(PANKU-Lung01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06382116.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With the Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With Platinum-resistant Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer(PANK (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in ovarian cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06994195.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Topotecan in Patients With Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer(PANKU-Lung03) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Topotecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06500026.md - A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Treatment of Physician's Choice in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer After Failure of Platinum-based Chemotherapy(PANKU-BTC01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine in biliary tract cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07582315.md - A Study Comparing BL-M05D1 With the Investigator's Choice of Treatment Regimen in Patients With Claudin (CLDN)18.2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC) Who Have Received Prior First-Line Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial of Docetaxel in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07518147.md - A Study Comparing BL-M07D1 With DS-8201 in Patients With HR-Positive, HER2-Low Expressing Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of BL-M07D1 in HER2-positive breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07678957.md - A Study Comparing BL-M07D1 With T-DM1 in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan, Trastuzumab emtansine in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06316531.md - A Study Comparing Imetelstat Versus Best Available Therapy for the Treatment of Intermediate-2 or High-risk Myelofibrosis (MF) Who Have Not Responded to Janus Kinase (JAK)-Inhibitor Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial of Imetelstat in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Geron Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04576156.md - A Study Comparing JNJ-79635322 and an Anti-B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)xCD3 Bispecific Antibody in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JNJ-79635322 in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07258511.md - A Study Comparing JNJ-79635322 and Teclistamab in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JNJ-79635322 in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07518186.md - A Study Comparing Navlimetostat (BMS-986504) in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine Versus Placebo in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine in Participants With Untreated Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma With Homozygous MTAP Deletion (MountainTAP-30) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Navlimetostat in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mountaintap-30.md - A Study Comparing QLS32015 Monotherapy Versus Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone (Pd) or Selinexor, Dexamethasone (Sd) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QLS32015 in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07138209.md - A Study Comparing Savolitinib Plus Osimertinib vs Savolitinib Plus Placebo in Patients With EGFRm+ and MET Amplified Advanced NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib, Savolitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04606771.md - A Study Comparing TAK-928 With Docetaxel in Adults With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TAK-928 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07217301.md - A Study Comparing Talquetamab in Combination With Daratumumab or in Combination With Daratumumab and Pomalidomide Versus Daratumumab in Combination Wi (trial): A phase 3 trial of Talquetamab, Daratumumab, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05455320.md - A Study Comparing Talquetamab Plus Pomalidomide, Talquetamab Plus Teclistamab, and Elotuzumab, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone or Pomalidomide, Bortez (trial): A phase 3 trial of Talquetamab, Pomalidomide, Teclistamab in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06208150.md - A Study Comparing Tarlatamab, Durvalumab, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Versus Durvalumab, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in First-line Extensive Stage Small (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tarlatamab, Durvalumab, Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07005128.md - A Study Comparing Teclistamab Monotherapy Versus Pomalidomide, Bortezomib, Dexamethasone (PVd) or Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone (Kd) in Participants With (trial): A phase 3 trial of Teclistamab, Pomalidomide, Bortezomib in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05572515.md - A Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Zanidatamab to Trastuzumab, Each in Combination With Physician's Choice Chemotherapy, for the Treatment o (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zanidatamab, Trastuzumab, Eribulin in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06435429.md - A Study Comparing Treatment Preference Between Oral Decitabine/Cedazuridine and Azacitidine in Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Low-Blast Acute Myeloid Leukemia, or Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (trial): A phase 3 trial of Azacitidine and Decitabine in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Otsuka Australia Pharmaceutical Pty Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05883956.md - A Study Comparing Treatment With Lutetium[177Lu] Oxodotreotide Injection to Octreotide LAR in Patients With GEP-NETs (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lutetium[177Lu] Oxodotreotide Injection in neuroendocrine tumours, run by Sinotau Pharmaceutical Group, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05459844.md - A Study Designed to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Venetoclax Plus Dexamethasone (VenDex) Compared With Pomalidomide Plus Dexamethasone (PomDex) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Venetoclax in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03539744.md - A Study Evaluating [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 vs. a Change of Androgen Receptor-directed Therapy in Taxane Treatment Naive Chinese Male Patients With Progressive Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05658003.md - A Study Evaluating Adherence, Tolerability, and Patient Reported Outcomes of Giredestrant in Participants With ER+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer Who Are Intolerant to Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy (novERA Breast Cancer) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Giredestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Genentech, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07541079.md - A Study Evaluating APG-115 as a Single Agent or in Combination With APG-2575 in Subjects With R/R T-PLL and NHL (trial): A phase 2 trial of APG-115 in hodgkin lymphoma, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04496349.md - A Study Evaluating Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab, With or Without Tiragolumab, in Participants With Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Hepatocell (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Tiragolumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05904886.md - A Study Evaluating Atezolizumab, With or Without Bevacizumab, in Participants With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Child-pugh B7 and B8 Cirr (trial): A phase 2 trial of Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Genentech, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06096779.md - A Study Evaluating Different Immunotherapies (LAG-3 and PD-1 With or Without TIGIT, Compared to PD-L1 Alone) in Participants With Untreated Locally Advanced Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Atezolizumab and Tiragolumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05645692.md - A Study Evaluating Ficerafusp Alfa (BCA101) QW in Combination With Pembrolizumab vs Alternative Ficerafusp Alfa Dosing in 1L R or M HNSCC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ficerafusp alfa, Pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Bicara Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07807163.md - A Study Evaluating FMC-376 in Participants With KRAS G12C Mutated Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FMC-376 in non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Frontier Medicines Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06244771.md - A Study Evaluating Furmonertinib Plus Platinum-based Doublet Chemotherapy Versus Osimertinib in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Sensitizing Mutation-Positive Non-squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Brain Metastases (trial): A phase 3 trial of Furmonertinib, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Pemetrexed and Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06970639.md - A Study Evaluating OBI-902 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of OBI-902 in advanced solid tumours, run by OBI Pharma, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07124117.md - A Study Evaluating Sotorasib Platinum Doublet Combination Versus Pembrolizumab Platinum Doublet Combination as a Front-Line Therapy in Participants Wi (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sotorasib, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05920356.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of ABP1011T Tablets in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of ABP1011T in small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai AB PharmaTech Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07321574.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Adjuvant Atezolizumab or Placebo and Trastuzumab Emtansine for Participants With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer at High Risk of Recurrence Following Preoperative Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab, Trastuzumab emtansine and Trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04873362.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Patients With Persistent or Recurrent Rare Epithelial Ovarian Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ipatasertib, Cobimetinib, Trastuzumab emtansine in ovarian cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04931342.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Cevostamab in Prior B Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)-Exposed Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multi (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cevostamab, Tocilizumab in multiple myeloma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05535244.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Divarasib and Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab and Pemetrexed and Carboplatin or Cisplatin in Particip (trial): A phase 3 trial of Divarasib, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06793215.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Giredestrant Compared With Physician's Choice of Endocrine Monotherapy in Participants With Previously Treated Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (acelERA Breast Cancer) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Giredestrant and Fulvestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04576455.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Inavolisib Plus CDK4/6 Inhibitor and Letrozole vs Placebo + CDK4/6i and Letrozole in Participants With Endocrine-Sensitive PIK3CA-Mutated, Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Inavolisib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06790693.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Inavolisib Plus Fulvestrant Compared With Alpelisib Plus Fulvestrant in Participants With HR-Positive, HER2-Negative, PIK3CA Mutated, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Post CDK4/6i and Endocrine Combination Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Inavolisib, Fulvestrant and Alpelisib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05646862.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Mosunetuzumab in Combination With Lenalidomide in Comparison to Rituximab in Combination With Lenalidomi (trial): A phase 3 trial of Mosunetuzumab, Lenalidomide, Rituximab in follicular lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04712097.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Immunotherapy-Based Treatment Combinations in Patients With Advanced Liver Cancers (Morpheus-Li (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Tiragolumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04524871.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Therapies in Cohorts of Participants With Locally Advanced, Unresectable, Stage III Non-Small C (trial): A phase 3 trial of Alectinib, Entrectinib, Durvalumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05170204.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Treatment Combinations in Participants With Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Giredestrant, Abemaciclib, Ipatasertib, Inavolisib, Ribociclib and Everolimus in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04802759.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Treatment Combinations in Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Capecitabine, Atezolizumab, Ipatasertib, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin and Eribulin in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03424005.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Pirtobrutinib in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pirtobrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Loxo Oncology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06588478.md - A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Risvutatug Rezetecan in Participants With Advanced Sarcomas (EMBOLD Sarcoma-202) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ris-Rez in sarcomas, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07602777.md - A Study Evaluating the Prophylactic Use of Tocilizumab to Prevent Cytokine Release Syndrome With Ramantamig Administration in Participants With Relaps (trial): A phase 2 trial of JNJ-79635322, Tocilizumab in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07589634.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of BEAM-201 in Relapsed/Refractory T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) or T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BEAM-201 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Beam Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05885464.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of HB0036 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HB0036 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05417321.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Treatments in Participants With Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cevostamab, Lenalidomide, Tocilizumab in multiple myeloma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05583617.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of PRV111, PRV211, and PRV131 in Subjects With Oral and Lung Cancers (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Privo Technologies, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05893888.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety, Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Divarasib as a Single Agent or in Combination With Other Anti-Cancer Therapies in Par (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Divarasib, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05789082.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Mosunetuzumab Monotherapy in Participants With Select B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Mosunetuzumab, Tocilizumab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Genentech, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05207670.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Alectinib in Pediatric Participants With ALK Fusion-Positive Solid or CNS Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Alectinib in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04774718.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Mosunetuzumab + Lenalidomide (+Len), and the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokineti (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Mosunetuzumab, Tocilizumab, Lenalidomide in follicular lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04246086.md - A Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Activity of GDC-1261 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GDC-1261 in prostate cancer, run by Genentech, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07567846.md - A Study Explore WJB001 Capsules in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of WJB001 in advanced solid tumours, run by Wigen Biomedicine Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05773820.md - A Study for HSK39775 in Participants With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HSK39775 Monotherapy in advanced solid tumours, run by Xizang Haisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06314373.md - A Study for Subjects With Prostate Cancer Who Previously Participated in an Enzalutamide Clinical Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of Enzalutamide, Abiraterone acetate, Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02960022.md - A Study for the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer With HRS-1167 Tablets Combined With Abiraterone Acetate Tablets and Prednisone (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06689163.md - A Study in Adults With Desmoid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of ES014 in desmoid tumour, run by Elpiscience (Suzhou) Biopharma, Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07541430.md - A Study in Advanced or Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancers Exploring Treatment Combinations With Pelareorep and Atezolizumab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Atezolizumab, Gemcitabine and Trifluridine/tipiracil in anal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Oncolytics Biotech, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07280377.md - A Study in Participants Previously Enrolled in a Genentech- and/or F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd-Sponsored Atezolizumab Study (IMbrella A) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03148418.md - A Study in Participants With Advanced Cancers Associated With Expression of DLL3 (MK-6070-001/HPN328-4001) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Atezolizumab, Ifinatamab deruxtecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Harpoon Therapeutics, Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey USA), active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04471727.md - A Study in Patients Previously Enrolled in a Genentech and/or F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Sponsored Atezolizumab Study (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Emactuzumab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03768063.md - A Study in Patients With Advanced Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BIO-106, Pembrolizumab in metastatic cancer, run by BiOneCure Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05320588.md - A Study Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Alcestobart (LBL-007) Plus Tislelizumab in Combination With Bevacizumab Plus Fluoropyrimidine Versus (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tislelizumab in colorectal cancer, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05609370.md - A Study of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in Newly Diagnosed ES-SCLC Patients in Combination With Carboplatin, Etoposide and Atezolizumab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lutetium-177 dotatate, FAP-2286, Atezolizumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05142696.md - A Study of 177Lu-FAP-2286 in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FAP-2286 (177Lu / 68Ga) in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04939610.md - A Study of 3HP-2827 in Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors With FGFR2 Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 3HP-2827 in advanced solid tumours, run by 3H (Suzhou) Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06378593.md - A Study of 5 Years of Adjuvant Osimertinib in Completely Resected Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation (EGFRm) Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05526755.md - A Study of a Patient-Specific Neoantigen Vaccine in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing GRT-C901 in colorectal cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05141721.md - A Study of a Selective T Cell Receptor (TCR) Targeting, Bifunctional Antibody-fusion Molecule STAR0602 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FOLFIRI, Irinotecan, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Marengo Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05592626.md - A Study of A166 in Patients With HER2-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of A166 in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07299825.md - A Study of A166 Versus Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) in Patients With HER2-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Trastuzumab and Taxane Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial testing A166 in HER2-positive breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06968585.md - A Study of AB-106 in Subjects With Advanced NSCLC Harboring ROS1 Fusion Gene (trial): A phase 2 trial of AB-106 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Nuvation Bio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04395677.md - A Study of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) Combined With Fulvestrant in Women With Hormone Receptor Positive HER2 Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abemaciclib and Fulvestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02107703.md - A Study of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) in Participants With Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abemaciclib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02763566.md - A Study of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) in Participants With Previously Treated KRAS Mutated Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abemaciclib, Erlotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02152631.md - A Study of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) Plus Tamoxifen or Abemaciclib Alone in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abemaciclib and Tamoxifen in advanced solid tumours, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02747004.md - A Study of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) With Abiraterone in Men With Prostate Cancer That Has Spread to Other Parts of the Body and is Expected to Respond to Hormonal Treatment (Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abemaciclib and Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05288166.md - A Study of Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone With or Without Abemaciclib (LY2835219) in Participants With Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Abemaciclib, Abiraterone acetate, Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03706365.md - A Study of ABT-301 Plus Tislelizumab With Bevacizumab in pMMR/Non-MSI-H Locally Advanced or mCRC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ABT-301, Tislelizumab, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Anbogen Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07244705.md - A Study of Acalabrutinib Plus Venetoclax and Rituximab in Participants With Treatment Naïve Mantle Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acalabrutinib, Venetoclax, Rituximab in mantle cell lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05951959.md - A Study of Acalabrutinib Plus Venetoclax Versus Venetoclax Plus Obinutuzumab in Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Acalabrutinib, Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05057494.md - A Study of Acalabrutinib vs Investigator's Choice of Idelalisib Plus Rituximab or Bendamustine Plus Rituximab in R/R CLL (trial): A phase 3 trial of Acalabrutinib, Rituximab, Idelalisib and Bendamustine in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02970318.md - A Study of ACP-196 (Acalabrutinib) in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory CLL and Intolerant of Ibrutinib Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acalabrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02717611.md - A Study of Adagrasib Plus Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy vs. Placebo Plus Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Participants With Previously Untreated Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation (KRYSTAL-4) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Adagrasib, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Pemetrexed and Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Mirati Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06875310.md - A Study of AdAPT-001 in Subjects With Sarcoma and Refractory Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of AdAPT-001 in sarcomas, run by EpicentRx, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04673942.md - A Study of Adding Apalutamide to Radiotherapy and LHRH Agonist in High-Risk Patients With Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Apalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Belgium, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04557059.md - A Study of Adjuvant Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec for Treatment of Intermediate Risk NMIBC Following TURBT (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by CG Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06111235.md - A Study of Adjuvant Intismeran Autogene (V940) and Pembrolizumab in Renal Cell Carcinoma (V940-004). (trial): A phase 2 trial of Intismeran autogene, Pembrolizumab in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06307431.md - A Study of AK104 in Subjects With Unresectable Locally Advanced NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cadonilimab, Sugemalimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06617416.md - A Study of AK104 With Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cadonilimab, Gemcitabine, Leucovorin (folinic acid) and Oxaliplatin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05859750.md - A Study of AK104/Placebo Combined With Chemoradiotherapy For The Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cadonilimab and Cisplatin in cervical cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05235516.md - A Study of AK104+Lenvatinib in Combination With Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Versus TACE in Participants With Incurable/Non-metastatic Hepat (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cadonilimab, Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06371157.md - A Study of AK109 Combined With AK104 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AK109+AK104 in advanced solid tumours, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05142423.md - A Study of AK112 as Consolidation Treatment for Patients With Limited Stage Small-cell Lung Cancer Who Have Not Progressed Following Concurrent Chemor (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivonescimab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07010263.md - A Study of AK112 in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ivonescimab, Cadonilimab, Sintilimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06530251.md - A Study of AK112 With or Without AK117 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ivonescimab, AK117, CAPOX in colorectal cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05382442.md - A Study of AK117/AK112 in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of AK117 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05227664.md - A Study of AK130 in Combination With AK112 for the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AK112 in biliary tract cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06938321.md - A Study of AK130 in Combination With AK112 for the Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of AK112 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07114315.md - A Study of AK138D1 Alone or in Combination With Ivonescimab in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ivonescimab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07623356.md - A Study of AL102 in Patients With Progressing Desmoid Tumors (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Varegacestat in desmoid tumour, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04871282.md - A Study of AL2846 Capsule Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Advanced Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing AL2846 in thyroid cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06860971.md - A Study of Alisertib and Paclitaxel in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in small-cell lung cancer, run by Puma Biotechnology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07465757.md - A Study of Alisertib in Combination With Endocrine Therapy in Patients With HR-positive, HER2-negative Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Alisertib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Puma Biotechnology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06369285.md - A Study of Alisertib in Patients With Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Alisertib in small-cell lung cancer, run by Puma Biotechnology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06095505.md - A Study of Amivantamab Alone or in Addition to Other Treatment Agents in Participants With Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Amivantamab, Pembrolizumab and Carboplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06385080.md - A Study of Amivantamab and Capmatinib Combination Therapy in Unresectable Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Capmatinib and Amivantamab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05488314.md - A Study of Amivantamab and FOLFIRI Versus Cetuximab/Bevacizumab and FOLFIRI in Participants With KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Wild-type Colorectal Cancer Who Have Previously Received Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Amivantamab, Cetuximab, Bevacizumab and Leucovorin (folinic acid) in colorectal cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06750094.md - A Study of Amivantamab and Lazertinib in Combination With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Compared With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer After Osimertinib Failure (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lazertinib, Amivantamab, Pemetrexed and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04988295.md - A Study of Amivantamab and mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI Versus Cetuximab and mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI as First-line Treatment in Participants With KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Wild-type Unresectable or Metastatic Left-sided Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Amivantamab, Cetuximab, Leucovorin (folinic acid) and Oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06662786.md - A Study of Amivantamab and Olomorasib Combination Therapy in Participants With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Amivantamab and Olomorasib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227025.md - A Study of Amivantamab in Addition to Standard of Care Agents (SOC) Compared With SOC Alone in Participants With Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Amivantamab, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07276399.md - A Study of Amivantamab in Combination With Lazertinib, or Amivantamab in Combination With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy, for Common Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Amivantamab, Lazertinib, Pemetrexed and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06667076.md - A Study of Amivantamab in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors Including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Amivantamab, Lazertinib, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05498428.md - A Study of Amivantamab Monotherapy and in Addition to Standard-of-Care Chemotherapy in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Amivantamab, Fluorouracil, FLOT in colorectal cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05379595.md - A Study of an FGFR2/3 Inhibitor (CGT4859) in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma and Other Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CGT4859 in biliary tract cancer, run by Cogent Biosciences, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06777316.md - A Study of an Intermittent ADT Approach With Apalutamide Monotherapy in Participants With mCSPC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Apalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05884398.md - A Study of Anlotinib Hydrochloride Capsule Combined With Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Subjects With RAS/BRAF Wild Metastatic Colorectal Can (trial): A phase 3 trial of Anlotinib, Bevacizumab, CAPOX in colorectal cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04854668.md - A Study of Anvumetostat in Participants With Advanced MTAP-null Solid Tumors (MTAPESTRY 101) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Anvumetostat and Docetaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05094336.md - A Study of AP402 in HER2-Positive Patients With Locally or Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AP402 (Part 1 Dose esclation) in advanced solid tumours, run by AP Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06669975.md - A Study of Apalutamide (ARN-509) in Men With Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Apalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01946204.md - A Study of Apalutamide (JNJ-56021927, ARN-509) Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Versus ADT in Participants With mHSPC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Apalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02489318.md - A Study of Apalutamide Combined With GnRH Agonist in Participants With Androgen Receptor Positive Salivary Gland Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Apalutamide in salivary gland cancers, run by Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04325828.md - A Study of Apalutamide in Participants With High-Risk, Localized or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Who Are Candidates for Radical Prostatectomy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Apalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03767244.md - A Study of APG-115 in as a Monotherapy or Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Melanomas or Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03611868.md - A Study of ART0380 for the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine, FOLFIRI, Irinotecan in metastatic cancer and ovarian cancer, run by Artios Pharma Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04657068.md - A Study of ARV-766 Given by Mouth in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Abiraterone acetate, Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05067140.md - A Study of ASKG915 in Patients With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Bevacizumab, Fruquintinib and Docetaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by AskGene Pharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05867420.md - A Study of ASP-1929 Photoimmunotherapy in Combination With Pembrolizumab in First-line Treatment of Locoregional Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cetuximab sarotalocan, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Rakuten Medical, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06699212.md - A Study of ASP2138 Together With Chemotherapy and Pembrolizumab in Adults With Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ASP2138 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07673887.md - A Study of ASP2215 Versus Salvage Chemotherapy In Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) With FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gilteritinib, Cytarabine, Mitoxantrone, Etoposide and Fludarabine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Astellas Pharma Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03182244.md - A Study of ASP2998 Given by Itself and Given With Standard Therapies in People With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Enfortumab vedotin and Carboplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07287995.md - A Study of ASP388B Given by Itself and With Standard Therapies in Participants With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin and Oxaliplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07730021.md - A Study of ASP546C in Adults With Gastroesophageal Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer or Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ASP546C in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07488676.md - A Study of Atezolizumab in High PD-L1 Expression, Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients With Stage IV Non-Squamous or Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05047250.md - A Study of Atezolizumab With or Without Tiragolumab Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Participants With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Capecitabine, Fluorouracil, Atezolizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05009069.md - A Study of ATTR-01 in Participants With Select Epithelial Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ATTR-01 in advanced solid tumours, run by Accession Therapeutics Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06977737.md - A Study of Avutometinib (VS-6766) + Defactinib (VS-6063) in Recurrent Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Letrozole in ovarian cancer, run by Verastem, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06072781.md - A Study of Avutometinib + Defactinib in Recurrent Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer in Japanese Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Avutometinib (VS-6766) + Defactinib (VS-6063) in ovarian cancer, run by Verastem, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06682572.md - A Study of AZD0486 Monotherapy or in Combination With Other Anti-Cancer Agents for Mature B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD0486, Prednisone, Rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06564038.md - A Study of AZD2936 Anti-TIGIT/Anti-PD-1 Bispecific Antibody in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rilvegostomig in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04995523.md - A Study of AZD3470, a PRMT5 Inhibitor, Given as Monotherapy and in Combination in Patients With MTAP Deficient Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD3470 and Datopotamab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06130553.md - A Study of Azenosertib (ZN-c3) in Subjects With Platinum-Resistant High-Grade Serous Ovarian, Fallopian Tube or Primary Peritoneal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Azenosertib in ovarian cancer, run by K-Group, Beta, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Zentalis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05128825.md - A Study of Azenosertib (ZN-c3) Versus Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy in Subjects With Platinum-Resistant High-Grade Serous Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancers Positive for Cyclin E1 Protein Expression (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Azenosertib in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07546500.md - A Study of B013 in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Platinum-resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in ovarian cancer, run by Shanghai Jiaolian Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06434610.md - A Study of BEBT-209 Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing BEBT-209 in triple-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07544056.md - A Study of Belantamab Mafodotin Administered in Combination With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (BRd) Versus Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethas (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Lenalidomide, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06679101.md - A Study of Belrestotug Plus Dostarlimab Compared With Placebo Plus Pembrolizumab in Previously Untreated Participants With Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) High Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Dostarlimab and Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06472076.md - A Study of Belzutifan (MK-6482) in Combination With Lenvatinib Versus Cabozantinib for Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-6482-011) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belzutifan, Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04586231.md - A Study of Belzutifan (MK-6482) in Combination With Palbociclib Versus Belzutifan Monotherapy in Participants With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-6 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belzutifan, Palbociclib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05468697.md - A Study of Belzutifan (MK-6482) in Participants With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-6482-013) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Belzutifan in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04489771.md - A Study of Berubicin in Adult Subjects With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (trial): A phase 2 trial of Berubicin in glioma & glioblastoma, run by CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04762069.md - A Study of BGB-11417 in Participants With Myeloid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sonrotoclax and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04771130.md - A Study of BGB-16673 Compared to Investigator's Choice in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Previously Exposed to Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors (trial): A phase 3 trial of BGB-16673, Bendamustine, Rituximab, Chlorambucil and Obinutuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by BeOne Medicines, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06970743.md - A Study of BH-30643 in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC Harboring EGFR and/or HER2 Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Carboplatin, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BlossomHill Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06706076.md - A Study of BI-1206 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BI1206 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioInvent International AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04219254.md - A Study of Bispecific Antibody MCLA-158 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Petosemtamab, Pembrolizumab, FOLFIRI in colorectal cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Merus B.V., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03526835.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 + PD-1 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of BL-B01D1 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06405425.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 + Pembrolizumab ± Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer and Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Pembrolizumab, Bevacizumab in cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07054567.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 and BL-B01D1 in Combination With Osimertinib Mesylate Tablets in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05880706.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Combination With Osimertinib as Perioperative Therapy in Patients With EGFR-mutated Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(PANKU (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Osimertinib, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07642024.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Combination With Osimertinib Mesylate Tablets in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06498986.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Combination With Osimertinib Versus Osimertinib as First-Line Treatment in Patients With EGFR-Mutated Locally Advanced or Metas (trial): A phase 3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06838273.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Combination With Tislelizumab ±5-Fluorouracil Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Plus Tislelizumab as First-line Treatment in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced Recurrent or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma(PANKU-Esophagus02) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Tislelizumab and Cisplatin in oesophageal cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07554456.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Chordoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in chordoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06787664.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Patients With Multiple Solid Tumors, Including Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urinary System Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of BL-B01D1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05785039.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Patients With Multiple Solid Tumors, Including Recurrent or Metastatic Gynecological Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BL-B01D1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05803018.md - A Study of BL-B01D1 in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of BL-B01D1 for Injection in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06598787.md - A Study of BL-B01D1, SI-B003 and BL-B01D1+SI-B003 in Patients With Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05924841.md - A Study of BL-B01D1, SI-B003 and BL-B01D1+SI-B003 in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer and Other Gynecological Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in cervical cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05990803.md - A Study of BL-B01D1, SI-B003 and BL-B01D1+SI-B003 in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06006169.md - A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06437509.md - A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06475300.md - A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06437522.md - A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Recurrent Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of BL-B01D1 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06471205.md - A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1/PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in biliary tract cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06978114.md - A Study of BL-B01D1+TKI±Pembrolizumab in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Axitinib, Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06962787.md - A Study of BL-M02D1 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer or Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BL-M02D1 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05949619.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 Combined With Pertuzumab Versus Docetaxel Plus Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Patients With First-line HER2-positive Recurrent or M (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan, Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07518173.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-Overexpressing Non-Squamous NS (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07264816.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 in Patients With a Variety of Solid Tumors Including Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-positive/Low-expressing Urinary and Gastrointestinal Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BL-M07D1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06031584.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 in Patients With HER2-expressing Recurrent or Metastatic Gynecologic Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BL-M07D1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06131450.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 in Patients With HER2-mutated, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06114511.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 Versus Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With HER2-low Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capecitabine, Eribulin and Gemcitabine in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06957886.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 Versus Physician's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With HER2-expressing Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer After Platinum-containing Chemotherapy Failure (trial): A phase 3 trial of Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine in biliary tract cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07606599.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 Versus T-DM1 in the Adjuvant Treatment of HER2-positive Breast Cancer With Residual Invasive Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan, Trastuzumab emtansine in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06830889.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 vs Pembrolizumab-platinum Chemotherapy in First-line Treatment of HER2-mutant Advanced or Metastatic Non-squamous NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07178795.md - A Study of BL-M07D1 With or Without Pertuzumab Versus Docetaxel + Carboplatin + Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab in Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive Brea (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan, Pertuzumab, Docetaxel in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06891833.md - A Study of BL-M07D1, BL-M07D1+Pertuzumab and BL-M07D1+Pertuzumab+Docetaxel in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-positive (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab brengitecan, Pertuzumab, Docetaxel in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06445400.md - A Study of BL-M11D1 in Combination With Cytarabine + Daunorubicin or Venetoclax + Azacitidine in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Venetoclax and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07255872.md - A Study of BL-M14D1 in Combination With Atezolizumab in Patients With Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Atezolizumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07654400.md - A Study of Bleximenib, Venetoclax and Azacitidine For Treatment of Participants With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Bleximenib in acute myeloid leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06852222.md - A Study of BMS-986340 as Monotherapy and as Combination Therapy in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab, Docetaxel, PM8002 in cervical cancer and colorectal cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04895709.md - A Study of BMS-986449 With and Without Nivolumab in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05888831.md - A Study of BMS-986482 Alone or as Combination Therapy in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06697197.md - A Study of BMS-986490 With or Without Bevacizumab in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06730750.md - A Study of BMS-986504 Monotherapy and in Combination With Other Agents in Participants With Advanced and/or Metastatic Solid Tumors With Homozygous MTAP Deletion (MountainTAP-5) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Daraxonrasib, Nivolumab, Temozolomide, PM8002, Pemetrexed and Carboplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07492680.md - A Study of Botensilimab and Balstilimab for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Botensilimab in colorectal cancer, run by Agenus Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05608044.md - A Study of BPM31510 With Vitamin K1 in Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GB) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by BPGbio, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04752813.md - A Study of BR Alone Versus in Combination With Acalabrutinib in Subjects With Previously Untreated MCL (trial): A phase 3 trial of Acalabrutinib, Bendamustine and Rituximab in mantle cell lymphoma, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02972840.md - A Study of Brentuximab Vedotin + Adriamycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine in Pediatric Participants With Advanced Stage Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Brentuximab vedotin, Doxorubicin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine in hodgkin lymphoma, run by Takeda, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02979522.md - A Study of Brentuximab Vedotin in Combination With Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin), Prednisone (CHP) in Chinese Participants With CD30-Positive (CD30+) Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (PTCL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Brentuximab vedotin, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Prednisone in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Takeda, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05673785.md - A Study of C-CAR088 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell in multiple myeloma, run by Shanghai AbelZeta Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05521802.md - A Study of Cabozantinib Compared With Placebo in Subjects With Radioiodine-refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Who Have Progressed After Prior Va (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cabozantinib in thyroid cancer, run by Exelixis, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03690388.md - A Study of Calderasib (MK-1084) Plus Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Participants With KRAS G12C Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥50% (MK-1084-004/KANDLELIT-004) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Calderasib in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06345729.md - A Study of Camizestrant in ER+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer After at Least 2 Years of Standard Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Camizestrant, Tamoxifen and Exemestane in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05774951.md - A Study of Carmustine With and Without Ethanol in Subjects With Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carmustine in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by VIVUS LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06915246.md - A Study of Cemiplimab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Cemiplimab Plus Chemotherapy Plus Other Cancer Treatments for Adult Patients With Operable Non-Small Ce (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06465329.md - A Study of Ceralasertib Monotherapy and Ceralasertib Plus Durvalumab in Patients With Melanoma and Resistance to PD-(L)1 Inhibition (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ceralasertib, Durvalumab in melanoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05061134.md - A Study of CFI-400945 With or Without Azacitidine in Patients With AML, MDS or CMML (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Azacitidine in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and mds/mpn overlap neoplasms, run by Treadwell Therapeutics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04730258.md - A Study of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel and Talquetamab for the Treatment of Participants With High-Risk Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Talquetamab in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06550895.md - A Study of CM336 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CM336_group 1 in multiple myeloma, run by Keymed Biosciences Co.Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05299424.md - A Study of CM350 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CM350 group1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Keymed Biosciences Co.Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05263960.md - A Study of CNA3103 (LGR5-targeted, Autologous CAR-T Cells) Administered to Subjects With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CNA3103: 5 x 10^7 cells in colorectal cancer, run by Carina Biotech Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05759728.md - A Study of CNCT19 Treatment in Children and Adolescent r/r ALL Patients(Pediatric) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of single dose of CNCT19 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05667506.md - A Study of Cobolimab Plus Dostarlimab in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cobolimab, Dostarlimab in melanoma and hodgkin lymphoma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06521567.md - A Study of Combination Amivantamab and Carboplatin-Pemetrexed Therapy, Compared With Carboplatin-Pemetrexed, in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Characterized by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertions (trial): A phase 3 trial of Amivantamab, Pemetrexed and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04538664.md - A Study of Combination Therapy With Amivantamab and Cetrelimab in Participants With Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cetrelimab and Amivantamab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05908734.md - A Study of Combination Therapy With Venetoclax, Daratumumab and Dexamethasone (With and Without Bortezomib) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractor (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dexamethasone, Daratumumab, Venetoclax in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03314181.md - A Study of Continued Treatment With Regorafenib in Participants With Solid Tumors Who Have Participated in Other Bayer Studies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Regorafenib in advanced solid tumours, run by Bayer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06246643.md - A Study of CTD402 in T-ALL/LBL Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CTD402 CAR T Cell Injection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Imviva Bio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07070219.md - A Study of CTX-009 in Combination With Paclitaxel in Adult Patients With Unresectable Advanced, Metastatic or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancers (COMPANION-002) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Tovecimig in biliary tract cancer and bladder & urothelial cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/companion-002.md - A Study of CTX-712 in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Higher Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CTX-712 in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Chordia Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05732103.md - A Study of Cusatuzumab Plus Azacitidine in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Who Are Not Candidates for Intensive Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Azacitidine and Cusatuzumab in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by OncoVerity, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04023526.md - A Study of D3S-001 Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors With a KRAS p.G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Pemetrexed and Cetuximab in advanced solid tumours, run by D3 Bio (Wuxi) Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05410145.md - A Study of Daratumumab (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05438043.md - A Study of Dato-DXd in Chinese Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Triple-negative Breast Cancer and Other Solid Tumors (TROPION-PanTumor02) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05460273.md - A Study of Dato-DXd in Inoperable or Metastatic Hormone Receptor-positive, HER2 IHC 0 Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Dato-DXd in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07205822.md - A Study of DB-1303/BNT323 vs Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy in HER2-Low, Hormone Receptor Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (DYNASTY-Bre (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab pamirtecan run by DualityBio Inc., active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06018337.md - A Study of DB-1310 in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab, Osimertinib and Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by DualityBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05785741.md - A Study of DB-1324 in Advanced/Metastatic Gastrointestinal Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DB-1324 in advanced solid tumours, run by DualityBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07263594.md - A Study of DC05F01 in Chinese Patients With Recurrent/Refractory Ovarian Cancer and Other Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DC05F01 in ovarian cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Heronova Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06873555.md - A Study of Debio 0123 in Combination With Temozolomide in Adult Participants With Recurrent or Progressive Glioblastoma and of Debio 0123 in Combination With Temozolomide and Radiotherapy in Adult Participants With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Debiopharm International SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05765812.md - A Study of Different Sequences of Cilta-cel, Talquetamab in Combination With Daratumumab and Teclistamab in Combination With Daratumumab Following Ind (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Talquetamab, Daratumumab in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06577025.md - A Study of Disitamab Vedotin Alone or With Pembrolizumab in Urothelial Cancer That Expresses HER2 (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04879329.md - A Study of Disitamab Vedotin Combined With Trastuzumab and Tislelizumab Versus Chemotherapy Combined With Trastuzumab With or Without Pembrolizumab in HER2-high Expression Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Disitamab vedotin, Tislelizumab, Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Trastuzumab and Pembrolizumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07315750.md - A Study of Disitamab Vedotin in Adults With HER2 Expressing Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Disitamab vedotin in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06966453.md - A Study of Disitamab Vedotin in Previously Treated Solid Tumors That Express HER2 (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin in non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06003231.md - A Study of Disitamab Vedotin With Other Anticancer Drugs in Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin and Tucatinib in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06157892.md - A Study of DM002 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DM002 in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Xadcera Biopharmaceutical (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06751329.md - A Study of DM005 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DM005 in non-small-cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Doma Biopharmaceutical（Suzhou）Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06515990.md - A Study of Dostarlimab in Combination With Carboplatin-paclitaxel in Chinese Participants With Primary Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer (EC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dostarlimab and Carboplatin in endometrial cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07108270.md - A Study of Dostarlimab in Combination With Carboplatin-paclitaxel in Japanese Participants With Primary Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dostarlimab and Carboplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06317311.md - A Study of Dostarlimab in Participants With Untreated Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer in China (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dostarlimab in colorectal cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06640049.md - A Study of Dostarlimab vs Placebo After Chemoradiation in Adult Participants With Locally Advanced Unresected Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Dostarlimab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06256588.md - A Study of DR-01 in Subjects With Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia or Cytotoxic Lymphomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DR-01 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Dren Bio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05475925.md - A Study of DS-1001b in Patients With Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Naive IDH1 Mutated WHO Grade II Glioma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Safusidenib in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04458272.md - A Study of DSP107 Alone and in Combination with Atezolizumab for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Atezolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Kahr Medical, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04440735.md - A Study of Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and Monalizumab in Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Monalizumab, Durvalumab, Cetuximab, FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by MedImmune LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02671435.md - A Study of Durvalumab Alone and Durvalumab+Olaparib in Advanced, Platinum-Ineligible Bladder Cancer (BAYOU) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab and Olaparib in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03459846.md - A Study of Durvalumab as Consolidation Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03706690.md - A Study of Durvalumab or Tremelimumab Monotherapy, or Durvalumab in Combination With Tremelimumab or Bevacizumab in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tremelimumab, Durvalumab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by MedImmune LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02519348.md - A Study of Duvelisib Versus Gemcitabine or Bendamustine in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Nodal T Cell Lymphoma With T Follicular Helper (TFH) Phenotype (trial): A phase 3 trial of Duvelisib, Gemcitabine and Bendamustine in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by SecuraBio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06522737.md - A Study of DZD8586 Combination in CLL/SLL (TAI-SHAN10) (trial): A phase 2 trial of DZD8586 and Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07154264.md - A Study of DZD8586 Versus Investigator's Choice in r/r CLL/SLL (TAI-SHAN6) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing DZD8586 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tai-shan6.md - A Study of DZD9008 Versus Platinum-Based Doublet Chemotherapy in Local Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (WU-KONG28) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sunvozertinib, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05668988.md - A Study of E7386 in Combination With Other Anticancer Drug(s) in Participants With Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lenvatinib and Doxorubicin in endometrial cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, run by Eisai Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04008797.md - A Study of E7389 Liposomal Formulation (E7389-LF) Plus Nivolumab in Participants With Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Eisai Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04078295.md - A Study of Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Plus Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) +/- Investigational Agents in First-Line Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (mUC) (MK-3475-04B/KEYMAKER-U04) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Favezelimab and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05845814.md - A Study of Efficacy and Safety of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Plus Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) With and Without Pembrolizumab in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (MK-3475-04C/KEYMAKER-U04) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Enfortumab vedotin and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06483334.md - A Study of Elacestrant Versus Standard Endocrine Therapy in Women and Men With ER+,HER2-, Early Breast Cancer With High Risk of Recurrence (trial): A phase 3 trial of Elacestrant, Exemestane and Tamoxifen in advanced solid tumours, run by Stemline Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06492616.md - A Study of Elritercept to Treat Anemia in Adults With Very Low, Low, or Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Who Need Regular B (trial): A phase 3 trial of Elritercept run by Takeda, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06499285.md - A Study of Emavusertib + An Approved Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (BTKi) in Participants With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Other B-cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zanubrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Curis, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07271667.md - A Study of Emiltatug Ledadotin (Emi-Le) in Participants With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Emi-Le in triple-negative breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and salivary gland cancers, run by Day One Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05377996.md - A Study of Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab Taken Together With Pembrolizumab Compared to Pembrolizumab Alone in People With Previously Untreated Metastatic (trial): A phase 2 trial of Encorafenib, Cetuximab, Pembrolizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05217446.md - A Study of EP0031 (Lunbotinib) in Patients With Advanced RET-altered Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EP0031 and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Ellipses Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05443126.md - A Study of Erdafitinib in Participants With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Erdafitinib, Cetrelimab, Cisplatin and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03473743.md - A Study of ES102 in Combination With Toripalimab in Subjects With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Toripalimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Elpiscience (Suzhou) Biopharma, Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06623136.md - A Study of Evaluating The Effects Of Pyrotinib After Adjuvant Trastuzumab In Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pyrotinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03980054.md - A Study of Evofosfamide in Combination with Zalifrelimab and Balstilimab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zalifrelimab and Balstilimab in prostate cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by ImmunoGenesis, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06782555.md - A Study of Evorpacept (ALX148) in Patients With Advanced HER2+ Gastric Cancer (ASPEN-06) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Evorpacept in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aspen-06.md - A Study of F182112 in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of F182112, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07312188.md - A Study of FC084CSA in Combination of Tislelizumab in Patients With Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tislelizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by FindCure Biosciences (ZhongShan) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06499350.md - A Study of FG-3246 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of FG-3246 in prostate cancer, run by Kyntra Bio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06842498.md - A Study of Ficlatuzumab in Combination With Cetuximab in Participants With Recurrent or Metastatic (R/M) HPV Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Ficlatuzumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06064877.md - A Study of First-Line Olomorasib (LY3537982) and Pembrolizumab With or Without Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced KRAS G12C-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olomorasib, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06119581.md - A Study of FL115 in Combination With a PD-1 Antibody in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FL115+PD-1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Forlong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07131202.md - A Study of Gammagard Liquid (Immune Globulin Infusion, 10%) to Prevent Infections in Adults With Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial of IGI, 10% in multiple myeloma, run by Takeda, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06980480.md - A Study of GB491 in Combination With Letrozole in Patients With HR Positive and HER2 Negative Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lerociclib run by Genor Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05851014.md - A Study of GC012F in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GC012F in multiple myeloma, run by Gracell Biotechnologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06235229.md - A Study of GC101 TIL in Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of GC101 TIL, Dacarbazine, Temozolomide in melanoma, run by Shanghai Juncell Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06703398.md - A Study of GFH009 in Combination With Zanubrutinib in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory DLBCL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zanubrutinib in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Genfleet Therapeutics (Shanghai) Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06375733.md - A Study of GFH009 Monotherapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma (PTCL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GFH009 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Genfleet Therapeutics (Shanghai) Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05934513.md - A Study of GFH375 Combined With Cetuximab or Chemotherapy in Participants With Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GFH375, Cetuximab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in colorectal cancer, run by Genfleet Therapeutics (Shanghai) Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07259590.md - A Study of GFH375 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors With KRAS G12D Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GFH375 in advanced solid tumours, run by Genfleet Therapeutics (Shanghai) Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06500676.md - A Study of GI-108, an Anti-CD73-IgG4 Fc-IL-2v Bispecific Fusion Protein, as Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GI-108 in non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, run by GI Innovation, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07172802.md - A Study of Gilteritinib, Venetoclax and Azacitidine as a Combined Treatment for People Newly Diagnosed With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gilteritinib, Venetoclax and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05520567.md - A Study of GLS-010 Plus Platinum-containing Chemotherapy±Bevacizumab as First-line Treatment for Persistent, Recurrent, or Metastatic Cervic (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zimberelimab run by Guangzhou Gloria Biosciences Co., Ltd. in cervical cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05798819.md - A Study of GNC-035 in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Hematological Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GNC-035 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05944978.md - A Study of GNC-035 in Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin 's Lymphoma and Other Hematological Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GNC-035 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06066203.md - A Study of GNC-038 Injection in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory NK/ T-cell Lymphoma, AITL, and Other NHL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GNC-038 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05627856.md - A Study of GNC-038 Injection in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GNC-038 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05623982.md - A Study of GNC-038, a Tetra-specific Antibody, in Participants With R/R Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GNC-038 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05192486.md - A Study of GQ1010 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dose Escalation in advanced solid tumours, run by GeneQuantum Healthcare (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06464055.md - A Study of GR1014 Cutaneous Gel for the Prevention of Skin Reactions Caused by Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of GR1014-CG 2.4% in advanced solid tumours, run by Graegis Pharmaceuticals Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07192588.md - A Study of GR1803 Injection Versus Daratumumab, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone (DPd) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing GR1803 in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07452198.md - A Study of GSK5458514 Administered Alone or In Combination With Other Anti-Cancer Agents in Participants With Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GSK5458514 in prostate cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06990880.md - A Study of GSK5764227 in Participants With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Topotecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07099898.md - A Study of GV20-0251 Monotherapy and GV20-0251 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Participants With Solid Tumor Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in endometrial cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by GV20 Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05669430.md - A Study of HDM2005 in Combination With Standard of Care in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine, CAPOX, Cyclophosphamide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07124936.md - A Study of HDM2017 Combination Therapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HDM2017, Bevacizumab, CAPOX in colorectal cancer, run by Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07805551.md - A Study of HER3-DXd in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Patritumab deruxtecan in melanoma and cervical cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06172478.md - A Study of HF1K16 Combined With Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent or Progressive Glioma (trial): A phase 2 trial of HF1K16 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by HighField Biopharmaceuticals Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07678684.md - A Study of HRS-4508 in Combination With Other Anti-tumor Therapy for Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Capecitabine, Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab rezetecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07140393.md - A Study of HRS-4642 in Combination With Antineoplastic Agents in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-4642 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06520488.md - A Study of HRS-4642 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Adebrelimab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Pemetrexed and Cetuximab in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06385678.md - A Study of HRS-5041 Tablets Combined With Antitumor Therapy in Subjects With Advanced Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Prednisone, Docetaxel, Darolutamide in prostate cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06568094.md - A Study of HRS-6208 in Combination With HRS-8080, or Fulvestrant, or Letrozole, With or Without HRS-6209 in Patients With Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-8080 and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07389733.md - A Study of HS-10365 in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic RET Fusion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of HS-10365 capsules in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06147570.md - A Study of HS-10566 in Patients With High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Who Are Ineligible for or Refuse Radical Cystectomy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HS-10566 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07468851.md - A Study of HS-20117 Combined With Aumolertinib in Participants With Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing HS-20117 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06417008.md - A Study of HST-1011 Given as Monotherapy and in Combination With an Anti-PD1 Antibody (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in advanced solid tumours, run by HotSpot Therapeutics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05662397.md - A Study of HX008 Compared to Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Subjects With MSI-H/dMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pucotenlimab, run by Taizhou Hanzhong biomedical co. LTD in colorectal cancer, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05652894.md - A Study of I-DXd in Combination With Atezolizumab With or Without Carboplatin as First-Line Induction or Maintenance in Subjects With Extensive Stage- (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan, Atezolizumab, Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06362252.md - A Study of IBI3003 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IBI3003 in multiple myeloma, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06083207.md - A Study of IBI363 in Subjects With Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of IBI363 in melanoma, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06081920.md - A Study of IBI363 in Subjects with Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of IBI363 in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06281678.md - A Study of IBR854 Combined With Pazopanib Versus Pazopanib in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pazopanib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Imbioray (Hangzhou) Biomedicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07087158.md - A Study of ICP-192 in Patients With FGFR2-Rearranged Unresectable or Metastatic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of ICP-192 in biliary tract cancer, run by Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05678270.md - A Study of IDE849 in Patients With DLL3 Expressing Tumors Including Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Durvalumab, Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by IDEAYA Biosciences, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07174583.md - A Study of IDP-001 in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IDP-001 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by InduPro, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07602842.md - A Study of IDRX-42 (GSK6042981) Versus (vs) Sunitinib in Participants With Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors After Imatinib Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IDRX-42 in gastrointestinal stromal tumour, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07218926.md - A Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan in Pediatric Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors (MK-9999-01D/LIGHTBEAM-U01) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07630974.md - A Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan in Subjects With Pretreated Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) (IDeate-Esophageal01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan and Docetaxel in oesophageal cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06644781.md - A Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Subjects With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial in which amrubicin is one of the standard comparator treatments, run by Daiichi Sankyo in small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06203210.md - A Study of IMC-001 In Patients With Metastatic Or Locally Advanced TMB-H Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 2 trial of IMC-001 in advanced solid tumours, run by ImmuneOncia Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06365840.md - A Study of IMC-001 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type (trial): A phase 2 trial of IMC-001 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by ImmuneOncia Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04414163.md - A Study of Imlunestrant (LY3484356) in Premenopausal Women With Estrogen Receptor-Positive (ER+) Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Negative (HER2-) Early Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Imlunestrant and Tamoxifen in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07287098.md - A Study of Imlunestrant Versus Standard Endocrine Therapy in Participants With Early Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Imlunestrant, Tamoxifen and Exemestane in advanced solid tumours, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05514054.md - A Study of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations With Axitinib in Participants With Untreated Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Renal Cel (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tiragolumab, Pembrolizumab, Axitinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05805501.md - A Study of IMP4297 as Maintenance Treatment Following First-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IMP4927 in ovarian cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04169997.md - A Study of INCB123667 in Participants With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer With Cyclin E1 Overexpression (trial): A phase 2 trial of INCB123667 in ovarian cancer, run by Incyte Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07023627.md - A Study of Inlexisertib (DCC-3116) in Combination With Anticancer Therapies in Participants With Advanced Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ripretinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05957367.md - A Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940) Plus Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Placebo Plus Pembrolizumab in Participants With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer ( (trial): A phase 3 trial of Intismeran autogene, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06077760.md - A Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940)/Placebo + Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Metastatic Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (V940-013) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Intismeran autogene, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07221474.md - A Study of Intravesical BCG in Combination With ALT-803 in Patients With Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BCG (50mg/instillation) + N-803 (400 μg/instillation) in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by ImmunityBio, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02138734.md - A Study of Intravesical FL115 Alone or in Combination With BCG in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FL115 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Suzhou Forlong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07122414.md - A Study of Intravesical SHR-1501 Combination With BCG Versus Investigator-selected Chemotherapy in Subjects With BCG-unresponsive NMIBC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SHR-1501 in bladder & urothelial cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07424287.md - A Study of Investigational Agents in Participants With Previously Treated Stage IV Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-3475-01H/KEYMAKER-U01) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Raludotatug deruxtecan and Ifinatamab deruxtecan in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06780085.md - A Study of Invikafusp Alfa (STAR0602), a Selective T Cell Receptor (TCR)-Targeting, Bifunctional Antibody-fusion Molecule, in Combination With Sacituzumab Govitecan in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Marengo Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06827613.md - A Study of Ivonescimab in Combination With Enfortumab Vedotin vs Pembrolizumab in Combination With Enfortumab Vedotin in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Ivonescimab, Enfortumab vedotin and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Summit Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07815665.md - A Study of Ivonescimab in First-Line ES-SCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ivonescimab, Cadonilimab, AK117 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07245446.md - A Study of JAB-21822 in Adult Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS p.G12C Mutation in China (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Glecirasib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05009329.md - A Study of JAB-21822 in Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC With KRAS p.G12C and STK11 Co-mutation and Wild-type KEAP1 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Glecirasib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05276726.md - A Study of JMT203 in Patients With Cancer Cachexia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JMT203 Injection in non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer, run by Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06868849.md - A Study of JNJ-68284528, a Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell (CAR-T) Therapy Directed Against B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) in Participants With Mul (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Lenalidomide, Daratumumab in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04133636.md - A Study of JNJ-79635322 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of JNJ-79635322 in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07266441.md - A Study of JNJ-90014496 in Participants With B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JNJ-90014496 in non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05421663.md - A Study of JNJ-90301900 in Combination With Chemoradiation Followed by Consolidation Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of JNJ-90301900, Durvalumab and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Johnson & Johnson Enterprise Innovation Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06667908.md - A Study of JSB462 (Luxdegalutamide) Plus Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan in Patients With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of JSB462 in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07047118.md - A Study of KC1036 in Adolescents With Advanced Ewing Sarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of KC1036 in ewing sarcoma, run by Beijing Konruns Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06564272.md - A Study of KC1036 in Patients with Advanced Thymic Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of KC1036 in thymoma and thymic carcinoma, run by Beijing Konruns Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05683886.md - A Study of KC1036 Versus Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing KC1036 in oesophageal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06194734.md - A Study of KL590586 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of KL590586 Capsule in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05265091.md - A Study of Lacutoclax (LP-108) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory CLL/SLL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lacutoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Guangzhou Lupeng Pharmaceutical Company LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07609823.md - A Study of Lazertinib With Subcutaneous Amivantamab Compared With Intravenous Amivantamab in Participants With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lazertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05388669.md - A Study of LBL-024 in Combination With Paclitaxel ± Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Platinum-resistant Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07042802.md - A Study of Lifileucel (Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes) in Adults With Advanced Endometrial Cancer. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lifileucel in endometrial cancer, run by Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06481592.md - A Study of Lifileucel (Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes) in Adults With Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lifileucel in melanoma and skin cancer, run by Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07288203.md - A Study of Lirafugratinib in Non-CCA Solid Tumors With FGFR2 Fusion or Rearrangement (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lirafugratinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Elevar Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07359820.md - A Study of LM-108 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Antitumor Therapies in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LM-108 and Toripalimab in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05518045.md - A Study of LM-168 as a Single Agent or in Combination With Toripalimab in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06868199.md - A Study of LM-168 Combined With Other Anti-tumor Treatments in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tislelizumab and Docetaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07669415.md - A Study of LM-24C5 For Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LM-24C5 in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06187402.md - A Study of LM-350 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LM-350 for injection in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07112222.md - A Study of Lorigerlimab in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lorigerlimab in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by MacroGenics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06730347.md - A Study of Lorlatinib in Subjects With ROS1-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lorlatinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by CStone Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05297890.md - A Study of LP-300 With Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in Never Smokers With Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pemetrexed and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Lantern Pharma Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05456256.md - A Study of Lurbinectedin in Combination With Durvalumab for the Treatment of Participants With ES-SCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lurbinectedin, Durvalumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07459634.md - A Study of LVGN6051 Combination Therapy in Patient With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Toripalimab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Lyvgen Biopharma Holdings Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06378177.md - A Study of LY2784544 in Participants With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (trial): A phase 2 trial of 120 mg LY2784544 in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01594723.md - A Study of MBS314 in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MBS314 Injection in multiple myeloma, run by Beijing Mabworks Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06232096.md - A Study of Metastases Free Survival With Saruparib vs Placebo Added to a Standard RT/ADT in Men With High-risk Prostate Cancer With a BRCA Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Saruparib in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06952803.md - A Study of MHB009C in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MHB009C for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07326488.md - A Study of MHB036C Combined With Anti-tumor Therapies in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Furmonertinib and Carboplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07229599.md - A Study of MHB036C Combined With MHB039A in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer or Other Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of MHB036C for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07130383.md - A Study of MHB036C for Advanced Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MHB036C in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06373406.md - A Study of MHB039A for Advanced Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MHB039A in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06345482.md - A Study of MHB042C in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MHB042C for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07192107.md - A Study of MHB046C Injection in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MHB046C in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06985355.md - A Study of MHB048C in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MHB048C for Injection in prostate cancer, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07192120.md - A Study of MHB088C Combined With MHB039A in Patients With Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of QLC5508 in advanced solid tumours, run by Minghui Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07126665.md - A Study of MHB088C Injection Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Subjects With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QLC5508 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06954246.md - A Study of MK-5684 in People With Certain Solid Tumors (MK-5684-015/OMAHA-015) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Opevesostat, Dexamethasone, Fulvestrant, Exemestane, Megestrol acetate and Tamoxifen in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06979596.md - A Study of Mocertatug Rezetecan in Combination With Anti-cancer Therapies for Advanced Solid Tumors (BEHOLD-2) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dostarlimab and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06796907.md - A Study of More Frequent Dosing of VCN-01 Combined With Standard Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Theriva Biologics SL, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07701486.md - A Study of MR001 in Patients With Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MCLA-129 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Shenzhen Majory Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07208149.md - A Study of MRG002 in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced Solid Tumors and Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MRG002 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Shanghai Miracogen Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04492488.md - A Study of MRG002 Versus Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Patients With HER2-positive Unresectable Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing MRG002 in bladder & urothelial cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05754853.md - A Study of MRG003 in Combination With Pucotenlimab Versus Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcin (trial): A phase 3 trial of MRG003, Pucotenlimab, Gemcitabine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06976190.md - A Study of MRG003 in the Treatment of Patients With EGFR-positive Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MRG003+HX008 in advanced solid tumours, run by Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05688605.md - A Study of MRG006A in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MRG006A in advanced solid tumours, run by Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07093970.md - A Study of mRNA-2808 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of mRNA-2808 in multiple myeloma, run by ModernaTX, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07116616.md - A Study of MT-2111 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Loncastuximab tesirine in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Tanabe Pharma Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05658562.md - A Study of MT-4561 in Patients With Various Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MT-4561 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, oesophageal cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, biliary tract cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Tanabe Pharma America, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06943521.md - A Study of Multiple Therapies in Biomarker-selected Participants With Resectable Stages IB-III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Alectinib, Entrectinib, Vemurafenib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Genentech, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04302025.md - A Study of NanO2™ Combined With Radiation and Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed GBM (trial): A phase 2 trial of NanO2TM in glioma & glioblastoma, run by NuvOx LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03862430.md - A Study of Narmafotinib Given in Combination With Modified FOLFIRINOX in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of narmafotinib ascending doses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Amplia Therapeutics Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07026279.md - A Study of Navlimetostat (BMS-986504) in Participants With Pre-treated Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Homozygous MTAP Deletion (MountainTAP-9) (trial): A phase 2 trial of BMS-986504 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06855771.md - A Study of NDI 1150-101 in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in renal cell carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Nimbus Saturn, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05128487.md - A Study of Nemtabrutinib (MK-1026) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies (ARQ 531-101/MK-1026-001) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nemtabrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by ArQule, Inc., a subsidiary of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, NJ USA), active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03162536.md - A Study of Nemtabrutinib Plus Venetoclax vs Venetoclax + Rituximab (VR) in Second-line (2L) + Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) (MK-1026-010/BELLWAVE-010). (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nemtabrutinib, Venetoclax and Rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05947851.md - A Study of Nemtabrutinib vs Chemoimmunotherapy for Participants With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) Without TP53 Aberrations (MK-1026-008, BELLWAVE-008) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nemtabrutinib, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, Bendamustine and Rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05624554.md - A Study of Neoadjuvant Amivantamab With Either Lazertinib or Chemotherapy in Participants With Resectable EGFR-Mutated NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Amivantamab, Lazertinib, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07586202.md - A Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Nivolumab Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Placebo, Followed by Surgical Removal and Adjuvant Treatment With Nivolumab or Placebo for Participants With Surgically Removable Early Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Pemetrexed and Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04025879.md - A Study of Neoadjuvant Dostarlimab Plus Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin (CAPEOX) Vs CAPEOX With Previously Untreated T4N0 or Stage III Mismatch Repair Proficient (MMRp)/Microsatellite Stable (MSS) Colon Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dostarlimab in colorectal cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06567782.md - A Study of Neoadjuvant QL1706 in Participants With Untreated dMMR/MSI-H Resectable Colon Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QL1706 in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06686576.md - A Study of Neoadjuvant Therapy With BCD-217 (Nurulimab + Prolgolimab) in Patients With Resectable Stage III Skin Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing BCD-217 in melanoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05751928.md - A Study of Neoadjuvant Treatment With TQB2102 for Injection for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of TQB2102 in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06198751.md - A Study of Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Durvalumab for the Treatment of Patients With Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03800134.md - A Study of Niraparib Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Niraparib, Cetrelimab, Abiraterone acetate and Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03431350.md - A Study of Niraparib in Combination With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone Versus Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone for the Treatment of Participants With Deleterious Germline or Somatic Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) Gene-MutatedProstatic Neoplasms (mCSPC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abiraterone acetate, Niraparib and Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04497844.md - A Study of Nirogacestat in Japanese Adults With Desmoid Tumors/Aggressive Fibromatosis (DT/AF) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nirogacestat in desmoid tumour, run by SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc., a healthcare company of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07170644.md - A Study of Nivolumab Combined With Ipilimumab Versus Nivolumab Alone in Participants With Advanced Kidney Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab, Ipilimumab in renal cell carcinoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03873402.md - A Study of Nivolumab in Participants With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Are at High Risk of Recurrence After Curative Hepatic Resection or Ablation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03383458.md - A Study of Nofazinlimab (CS1003) in Subjects With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by CStone Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04194775.md - A Study of Novel Agents or Combinations as Perioperative Treatment in Participants With Locally Advanced Resectable Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sonesitatug vedotin, Rilvegostomig, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Capecitabine and Fluorouracil (5-FU) in oesophageal cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07069712.md - A Study of Novel Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Durvalumab, Capivasertib, Oleclumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan and Datopotamab deruxtecan in triple-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03742102.md - A Study of Novel Combinations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rilvegostomig, Ramucirumab, Datopotamab deruxtecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07098338.md - A Study of Novel Study Interventions and Combinations in Participants With Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of FOLFIRI, Fluorouracil, FLOT in colorectal cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06792695.md - A Study of Nuzefatide Pevedotin (BT5528) in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of nuzefatide pevedotin (BT5528) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by BicycleTx Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07450859.md - A Study of NX-5948 in Adults With CLL/SLL Previously Treated With a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and a B-cell Lymphoma-2 Inhibitor (DAYBreak CLL-201) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bexobrutideg in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07221500.md - A Study of Ocular Toxicity Evaluation and Mitigation During Treatment With Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in Participants With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer Wit (trial): A phase 2 trial of Mirvetuximab soravtansine in ovarian cancer, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06365853.md - A Study of Olverembatinib in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Ph+ ALL (POLARIS-1) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olverembatinib run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06051409.md - A Study of Olverembatinib in SDH-deficient GIST. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olverembatinib run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06640361.md - A Study of ONO-4538HSC in Pediatric Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors and in Patients With Epithelioid Sarcoma. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ONO-4538HSC in epithelioid sarcoma, run by Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07734116.md - A Study of Opevesostat (MK-5684) Versus Alternative Next-generation Hormonal Agent (NHA) in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Post One NHA (MK-5684-004) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Opevesostat in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06136650.md - A Study of OR502, a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting LILRB2, Alone and in Combination With Anticancer Agents (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in metastatic cancer and melanoma, run by OncoResponse, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06090266.md - A Study of Oral 7HP349 (Alintegimod) in Combination With Ipilimumab Followed by Nivolumab Monotherapy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab in metastatic cancer and melanoma, run by 7 Hills Pharma, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06362369.md - A Study of Oral Asciminib Versus Other TKIs in Adult Patients With Newly Diagnosed Ph+ CML-CP (trial): A phase 3 trial of Imatinib, Nilotinib, Bosutinib, Dasatinib and Asciminib in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04971226.md - A Study of Oral LOXO-292 (Selpercatinib) in Pediatric Participants With Advanced Solid or Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Selpercatinib in thyroid cancer and sarcomas, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03899792.md - A Study of Osimertinib With or Without Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With EGFRm Positive Resectable Non-S (trial): A phase 3 trial of Osimertinib, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04351555.md - A Study of OT-101 With mFOLFIRINOX in Patients With Advanced and Unresectable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Trabedersen in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06079346.md - A Study of OTP-01, a Dual Paratopic PD-1/VEGFR2 Antibody, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of OTP-01 in advanced solid tumours, run by Ottimo Pharma Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07266428.md - A Study of PARG Inhibitor ETX-19477 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ETX-19477 in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by 858 Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06395519.md - A Study of PARG Inhibitor XNW29016 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Who Failed Standard Treatment (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XNW29016 in advanced solid tumours, run by Evopoint Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06987500.md - A Study of PARP1 Selective Inhibitor, EIK1004 (IMP1707) in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EIK1004-001 (IMP1707-001) in advanced solid tumours, run by Eikon Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06907043.md - A Study of Participant Reported Preference for Subcutaneous Pembrolizumab Coformulated With Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-3475A) Over Intravenous Pembrol (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06099782.md - A Study of Pasritamig With Docetaxel Versus Docetaxel in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pasritamig, Docetaxel and Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07225946.md - A Study of Pasritamig With or Without JNJ-87189401 Versus Placebo for Late Line Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JNJ-87189401 in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mcrpc.md - A Study of Patritumab Deruxtecan in Pediatric Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors (MK-9999-01C/LIGHTBEAM-U01) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Patritumab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06941272.md - A Study of Pazopanib With or Without Abexinostat in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (RENAVIV) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Abexinostat in renal cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/renaviv.md - A Study of pCAR-19B in the Treatment of CD19-positive Relapsed/Refractory B-ALL in Children and Adolescents (trial): A phase 2 trial of pCAR-19B cells in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and childhood cancers, run by Chongqing Precision Biotech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05334823.md - A Study of Peluntamig (PT217) in Patients With Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Expressing DLL3 (the SKYBRIDGE Study) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Peluntamig, Carboplatin, Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer and prostate cancer, run by Phanes Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05652686.md - A Study of Pembrolizumab (+) Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-3475A) (Pembrolizumab Formulated With Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-5180)) in Japanese Participants With Recurrent or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (R/M cSCC) or Locally Advanced (LA) Unresectable cSCC (MK-3475A-E39) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06041802.md - A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Belzutifan (MK-6482) and Lenvatinib (MK-7902), or Pembrolizumab/Quavonlimab (MK-1308A) in Combination With Lenvatinib, vs Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib, for Treatment of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-6482-012)-China Extension Study (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Belzutifan and Lenvatinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05899049.md - A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Pediatric Participants With an Advanced Solid Tumor or Lymphoma (MK-3475-051/KEYNOTE-051) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma and hodgkin lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02332668.md - A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) With or Without Intismeran Autogene (V940) in Participants With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (V940-009/INTerpath-009) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Pemetrexed, Gemcitabine and Intismeran autogene in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06623422.md - A Study of Pembrolizumab in Japanese Pediatric Participants With Solid Tumors or Lymphomas and Japanese Adult Participants With Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MK-3475-G21/KEYNOTE-G21) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in merkel cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07302347.md - A Study of Pembrolizumab With or Without Chemotherapy in Combination With Additional Treatments for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-34 (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06731907.md - A Study of Penpulimab (AK105) in the First-line Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Penpulimab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04974398.md - A Study of Pirtobrutinib (LOXO-305) Versus Bendamustine Plus Rituximab (BR) in Untreated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pirtobrutinib, Bendamustine and Rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Loxo Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05023980.md - A Study of Pirtobrutinib (LOXO-305) Versus Ibrutinib in Participants With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pirtobrutinib and Ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Loxo Oncology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05254743.md - A Study of PLB1001 Enteric Capsules in the Treatment of sGBM/IDH Mutant Glioblastoma Patients With the ZM Fusion Gene (FUGEN). (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Vebreltinib run by Beijing Pearl Biotechnology Limited Liability Company, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06105619.md - A Study of PM8002 (Anti-PD-L1/VEGF) in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With ES-SCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002 and Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by Biotheus Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05844150.md - A Study of PM8002 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With NEN (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002 in neuroendocrine tumours, run by Biotheus Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05879055.md - A Study of PM8002 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With SCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Biotheus Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05879068.md - A Study of PM8002 Plus Nab-paclitaxel as First Line Therapy for TNBC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Biotheus Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05918133.md - A Study of Precemtabart Tocentecan With or Without Bevacizumab Compared to Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab in Participants With Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (PROCEADE-CRC-03) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Precemtabart tocentecan in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proceade-crc-03.md - A Study of PRMT5 Inhibitor BAY 3713372 in Participants With MTAP-deleted Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BAY 3713372 in advanced solid tumours, run by Bayer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06914128.md - A Study of PTX-9908 Injection for Non-resectable HCC with TACE (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PTX-9908 Injection in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by TCM Biotech International Corp., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03812874.md - A Study of QL1706 Combined With Platinum-containing Chemotherapy in Adjuvant Treatment of Stage II-IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Complete Surgical Resection (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QL1706 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05487391.md - A Study of QL1706 in Combination With Chemotherapy in PD-L1-Negative Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QL1706 in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05690945.md - A Study of QLC5508 Combinations in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of QLC5508, QL1706, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, QL2107 and Fluorouracil (5-FU) in advanced solid tumours, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07256782.md - A Study of QLP2117 in Combination With QL2107 in Advanced Solid Tumor Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of QL2107 in advanced solid tumours, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06911827.md - A Study of Radspherin® in Patients With Primary Advanced Epithelial Cancer, With Peritoneal Metastasis That Are Homologous Recombination Proficient Scheduled to Undergo Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Interval Debulking Surgery (trial): A phase 2 trial of Radspherin in ovarian cancer, run by Oncoinvent Solutions AS, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06504147.md - A Study of Raludotatug Deruxtecan (R-DXd) in People With Gastrointestinal Cancers (MK-5909-005) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Raludotatug deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06864169.md - A Study of Raludotatug Deruxtecan in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (REJOICE-PanTumor01) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Raludotatug deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06660654.md - A Study of Ramucirumab (LY3009806) in Combination With Erlotinib in Previously Untreated Participants With EGFR Mutation-Positive Metastatic NSCLC (RE (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ramucirumab, Erlotinib, Gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02411448.md - A Study of Ramucirumab (LY3009806) or Merestinib (LY2801653) in Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ramucirumab, Cisplatin, Gemcitabine in metastatic cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02711553.md - A Study of RC118 in Patients with Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RC118-ADC in advanced solid tumours, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05205850.md - A Study of RC118 Plus Toripalimab / RC148 in Patients with Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RC118-ADC, Toripalimab and RC148 in advanced solid tumours, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06038396.md - A Study of RC148 As a Single Agent and Combination Therapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Docetaxel and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06016062.md - A Study of RC48-ADC Combination Therapies as First-line Treatment in Advanced Metastatic Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Trastuzumab, Toripalimab, Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05980481.md - A Study of RC48-ADC Combination With Zimberelimab Injection Therapies at Least First-line Platinum-containing Standard Therapy Failed With Recurrent o (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin, Zimberelimab in cervical cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06155396.md - A Study of RC48-ADC Combined With Toripalimab For First-line Treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Toripalimab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05302284.md - A Study of REC-1245 in Participants With Unresectable, Locally Advanced, or Metastatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of REC-1245 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Recursion Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06678659.md - A Study of REGN5093 in Adult Patients With Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor (MET)-Altered Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of REGN5093 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04077099.md - A Study of Repotrectinib (TPX-0005) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring ALK, ROS1, or NTRK1-3 Rearrangements (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Repotrectinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Turning Point Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03093116.md - A Study of Repotrectinib in Pediatric and Young Adult Subjects Harboring ALK, ROS1, OR NTRK1-3 Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Repotrectinib in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Turning Point Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04094610.md - A Study of Repotrectinib Versus Crizotinib in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-naïve ROS1-positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (TRIDENT-3) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Repotrectinib and Crizotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06140836.md - A Study of Rilvegostomig or Durvalumab Plus Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Biliary Tract Cancer (ARTEMIDE-Biliary02) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rilvegostomig, Durvalumab and Gemcitabine + cisplatin in biliary tract cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07221253.md - A Study of Ripretinib vs Sunitinib in Advanced GIST Patients After Treatment With Imatinib (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ripretinib and Sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumour, run by Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03673501.md - A Study of Rituximab-Gemcitabine-Dexamethasone-Platinum (R-GDP) With or Without Selinexor in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Ly (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Selinexor, Rituximab, Gemcitabine in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04442022.md - A Study of RNK05047 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors/Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (CHAMP-1) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RNK05047 in advanced solid tumours, run by Ranok Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05487170.md - A Study of RNK08954 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors With KRAS ((Kirsten Rat Sarcoma) G12D Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RNK08954-01 in sarcomas, run by Ranok Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06667544.md - A Study of Rocbrutinib in Combination With Lacutoclax in Patients With B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rocbrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Guangzhou Lupeng Pharmaceutical Company LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07609862.md - A Study of Rocbrutinib in Participants With Relapse or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rocbrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma, run by Guangzhou Lupeng Pharmaceutical Company LTD., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05716087.md - A Study of Rocbrutinib in Participants With Relapse or Refractory Non-GCB Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rocbrutinib, Bendamustine, Rituximab in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Guangzhou Lupeng Pharmaceutical Company LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07189065.md - A Study of Rocbrutinib Versus Investigator's Choice of BTK Inhibitors in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Rocbrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07377578.md - A Study of Roginolisib (IOA-244) in Combination With Dostarlimab With or Without Docetaxel in Metastatic Non Small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dostarlimab, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by iOnctura, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06879717.md - A Study of Rozanolixizumab in Pediatric Study Participants With Moderate to Severe Generalized Myasthenia Gravis (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of rozanolixizumab in childhood cancers, run by UCB Biopharma SRL, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06149559.md - A Study of Rusfertide in Japanese Adults With Polycythemia Vera (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rusfertide in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Takeda, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07648030.md - A Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Given at an Alternative Dose and Schedule in Participants With Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06926920.md - A Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) as a Single Agent and in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Participants With HR+/HER2- Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (MK-2870-010) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab, Capecitabine and Doxorubicin in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06312176.md - A Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT, MK-2870) as Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Participants With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (MK-2870-011/TroFuse-011) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab, Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06841354.md - A Study of Safety, Tolerability and Preliminary Efficacy of NTS071 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring a TP53 Y220C Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of NTS071 in advanced solid tumours, run by Nutshell Therapeutics (Shanghai) Co., LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07060989.md - A Study of Sasanlimab in People With Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Sasanlimab in bladder & urothelial cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04165317.md - A Study of Selinexor (Seli) + Low-dose Dexamethasone (LDD) in Penta-refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM), Seli and Bortezomib + LDD in Triple-class Refrac (trial): A phase 2 trial of Selinexor, Dexamethasone, Bortezomib in multiple myeloma, run by Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04414475.md - A Study of Selpercatinib (LOXO-292) in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors, RET Fusion-Positive Solid Tumors, and Medullary Thyroid Cancer (LIBRET (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Selpercatinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03157128.md - A Study of Selpercatinib (LY3527723) in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors Including RET Fusion-positive Solid Tumors, Medullary Thyroid Cancer a (trial): A phase 2 trial of Selpercatinib in thyroid cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04280081.md - A Study of Selpercatinib After Surgery or Radiation in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Selpercatinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04819100.md - A Study of SGN-B6A Versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06012435.md - A Study of SHR-1501 Combination With BCG Versus Placebo Combined With BCG in Subjects With Papillary-Only NMIBC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SHR-1501 in bladder & urothelial cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07726992.md - A Study of SHR-1826 for Injection in Combination With Other Antitumor Therapies in Subjects With NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Adebrelimab, SHR-8068, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06754930.md - A Study of SHR-1826 for Injection in Combination With Other Antitumor Therapies in Subjects With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-8068, Bevacizumab, Leucovorin (folinic acid), Adebrelimab and Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06703177.md - A Study of SHR-4375 in Subjects With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-4375 in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06764628.md - A Study of SHR-4375 Injection in Combination With Other Antitumor Therapies in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-4375 Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07298772.md - A Study of SHR-4610 Injection in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Shengdi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07231211.md - A Study of SHR-7367 With Anti-tumor Agents in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Adebrelimab and Gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07229586.md - A Study of SHR-A1811 in First-line Treatment of Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With HER2 Mutations (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06430437.md - A Study of SHR-A1811 in Subjects With Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Gemcitabine in ovarian cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06828354.md - A Study of SHR-A1904 in Previous Systemic Treatment Failed Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-A1904 for Injection in biliary tract cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07450976.md - A Study of SHR-A2009 Combined With Aumolertinib Versus Aumolertinib for First-line Treatment in EGFR-mutated, Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of SHR-A2009, Aumolertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07183189.md - A Study of SHR-A2009 Versus Platinum-based Chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated, Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SHR-A2009 in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06671379.md - A Study of SHR-A2102 in Combination With Adebrelimab and SHR-8068 in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A2102, Adebrelimab, SHR-8068 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06589778.md - A Study of SHR-A2102 in Combination With Other Anti-tumor Therapies for Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-A2102, Adebrelimab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07229729.md - A Study of SHR-A2102 Versus Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With Platinum-based Chemotherapy and PD-(L)1 Inhibitor Treatment Failed Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SHR-A2102 in cervical cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07418749.md - A Study of SHR3680, HS-20093 and SHR2554 in Subjects With Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of HS-20093, Rezvilutamide, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07230106.md - A Study of SI-B001+SI-B003 Combined With Platinum-based Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Sq (trial): A phase 2 trial of SI-B001 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06668961.md - A Study of SI-B001+SI-B003± Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SI-B001 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05668858.md - A Study of SI-B001+SI-B003± Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SI-B001 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05949606.md - A Study of SI-B003 and BL-B01D1+SI-B003 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Other (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05956587.md - A Study of SI-B003 and BL-B01D1+SI-B003 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of BL-B01D1 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05965856.md - A Study of SI-B003 or BL-B01D1+SI-B003 in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Recurrent Metastatic HER2 Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of BL-B01D1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06042894.md - A Study of SI-B003, BL-B01D1+SI-B003 and BL-B01D1+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Cancer, Gastric (trial): A phase 2 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan in colorectal cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06008054.md - A Study of SIM0270 Combined With Everolimus vs. Treatment of Physician's Choice in Patients With ER+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer (SIMRISE) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SIM0270 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/simrise.md - A Study of Sirolimus (Albumin-Bound) in Combination With Different ADCs Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SYS6010 in advanced solid tumours, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07241936.md - A Study of SKB264 (MK-2870; Sac-TMT) for the Treatment of Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (SKB264-II-04) (MK-2870- (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Klus Pharma Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05816252.md - A Study of SKB264 in Combination With Osimertinib Versus Osimertinib in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations, Locally Advan (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06670196.md - A Study of SKB264 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy in Combination With Pembrolizumab as First-Line Treatment for PD-L1 Negative P (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06711900.md - A Study of SKB264 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06448312.md - A Study of SKB264 Versus Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capecitabine, Eribulin and Carboplatin in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06279364.md - A Study of SKB264 Versus Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Subjects With Unresectable Locally Advanced, Relapsed, or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer Who Have Previously Failed Endocrine Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07071337.md - A Study of SKB518 as Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Gynecological Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07448922.md - A Study of SKB518 in Patients With Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tislelizumab and Carboplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07019675.md - A Study of SKB571 Combination Therapy in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib, Furmonertinib, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07622186.md - A Study of ST-1898 for Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ST-1898 tablets in melanoma, run by Beijing Scitech-Mq Pharmaceuticals Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06359860.md - A Study of STM-416 Administered to Patients Undergoing TURBT for Recurrent Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of STM-416 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by SURGE Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05710848.md - A Study of Subcutaneous (SC) Pembrolizumab Coformulated With Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-3475A) vs Intravenous Pembrolizumab in Adult Participants With (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pemetrexed, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06212752.md - A Study of Subcutaneous (SC) Pembrolizumab Coformulated With Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-3475A) vs Intravenous Pembrolizumab in Adult Participants With (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pemetrexed, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05722015.md - A Study of Subcutaneous Blinatumomab Administration in Participants With R/R and MRD+ B-ALL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Blinatumomab in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04521231.md - A Study of Subcutaneous Blinatumomab in Children With R/R and and MRD+ B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Blinatumomab in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07134088.md - A Study of Subcutaneous Nivolumab + Relatlimab Fixed-dose Combination (FDC) in Previously Untreated Metastatic or Unresectable Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab, Relatlimab + nivolumab in melanoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05625399.md - A Study of Subcutaneous Nivolumab Versus Intravenous Nivolumab in Participants With Previously Treated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma That is Advance (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab in renal cell carcinoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04810078.md - A Study of Subcutaneously Injected Epcoritamab Plus Oral Lenalidomide Tablets Compared to Intravenously (IV) Infused Rituximab Plus IV Infused Gemcita (trial): A phase 3 trial of Epcoritamab, Rituximab, Lenalidomide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06508658.md - A Study of Surovatamig (AZD0486) Plus Rituximab in Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of AZD0486 in follicular lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06549595.md - A Study of SYNC-T Therapy SV-102 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Partial Oncolysis in prostate cancer, run by Syncromune, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06533644.md - A Study of T-DXd as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Selected HER2-expressing Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan and Bevacizumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06271837.md - A Study of T-DXd for the Treatment of Solid Tumors Harboring HER2 Activating Mutations (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan in melanoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04639219.md - A Study of T3011 in Patients With BCG-Unresponsive NMIBC or BCG-Exposed, Chemotherapy-Unresponsive NMIBC (trial): A phase 2 trial of T3011 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by ImmVira Pharma Co. Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06971614.md - A Study of Tacabrutideg (BGB-16673) Compared to Investigator's Choice in Participants With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Previously Exposed to Both Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and B-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 Protein (BCL2) Inhibitors (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bendamustine, Idelalisib, Rituximab and Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06846671.md - A Study of TACE Combined With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab or TACE Alone in Patients With Untreated Heaptocellular Carcionma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04712643.md - A Study of TACE Combined With Camrelizumab Plus Rivoceranib (Apatinib) in Patients With Incurable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Camrelizumab, Rivoceranib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05320692.md - A Study of Tagraxofusp in Combination With Venetoclax and Azacitidine in Adults With Untreated CD123+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia Who Cannot Undergo Intensive Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tagraxofusp, Venetoclax and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Stemline Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06456463.md - A Study of TAK-007 in Adults With Relapsed or Refractory (r/r) B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of TAK-007 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Takeda, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05020015.md - A Study of TAK-188 in Adults With Advanced or Spreading Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TAK-188 in advanced solid tumours, run by Takeda, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07205718.md - A Study of TAK-505 in Adults With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TAK-505 in advanced solid tumours, run by Takeda, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07436728.md - A Study of TAK-788 in Adults With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TAK-788 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Takeda, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02716116.md - A Study of TAK-853 in Adult Participants With Folate Receptor Alpha-Positive Advanced Ovarian Cancer And Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Mirvetuximab soravtansine in ovarian cancer, run by Takeda, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06390995.md - A Study of TAR-200 in Combination With Cetrelimab or TAR-200 Alone Versus Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in Participants With BCG-naïve High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (HR-NMIBC) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Cetrelimab in bladder & urothelial cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hr-nmibc.md - A Study of TAR-200 in Combination With Cetrelimab Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Participants With Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) of the Bladder (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Cetrelimab in bladder & urothelial cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04658862.md - A Study of TAR-200 Versus Intravesical Chemotherapy in Participants With Recurrent High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (HR-NMIBC) After Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine intravesical system (TAR-200), Mitomycin C and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06211764.md - A Study of Teclistamab in Combination With Daratumumab and Lenalidomide (Tec-DR) and Talquetamab in Combination With Daratumumab and Lenalidomide (Tal (trial): A phase 3 trial of Teclistamab, Daratumumab, Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05552222.md - A Study of Terbium 161 (161Tb)-RAD402 in Participants With CRPC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 161Tb RAD402 in prostate cancer, run by Radiopharm Theranostics, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07259213.md - A Study of Tersolisib (LY4064809/STX-478) With Other Anti-Cancer Treatments in Participants With Advanced Breast Cancer With a Genetic Change (PIK3CA) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Tersolisib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pik3ca-2.md - A Study of the Combination of Talquetamab and Teclistamab in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Talquetamab, Teclistamab in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04586426.md - A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Adjuvant Autogene Cevumeran Plus Atezolizumab and mFOLFIRINOX Versus mFOLFIRINOX Alone in Participants With Resected PDAC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Autogene cevumeran and Atezolizumab in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Genentech, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05968326.md - A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-248 in Combination With Daratumumab in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (AMMADINA) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daratumumab, Dexamethasone and Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Biocad, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07742215.md - A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lisocabtagene Maraleucel (Liso-cel) as First-Line Therapy in Adults With Transplant-Ineligible Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rituximab, Methotrexate, Procarbazine, Temozolomide, Lisocabtagene maraleucel and Fludarabine in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07015242.md - A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Pexidartinib in Adult Subjects With TGCT (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pexidartinib in tenosynovial giant cell tumour, run by Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04488822.md - A Study of the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of RPH-051 and Perjeta® in Combination With Trastuzumab and Docetaxel as the 1st Line Therapy in Patients With HER2-positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing RPH-051 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07386938.md - A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Various Combinations of Avelumab as Therapy in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (JAVELIN Bladder Medley) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Avelumab and Sacituzumab govitecan in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05327530.md - A Study of Tislelizumab in Combination With Investigational Agents in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tislelizumab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05635708.md - A Study of TNB-383B in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TNB-383B in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03933735.md - A Study of Tobemstomig + Nab-Paclitaxel Compared With Pembrolizumab + Nab-Paclitaxel in Participants With Previously Untreated, PD-L1-Positive, Locally-Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05852691.md - A Study of TORL-5-700 in Relapsed/Refractory Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TORL-5-700 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by TORL Biotherapeutics, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07439653.md - A Study of TQB2102 for Injection in the Treatment of HER2-positive Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TQB2102 in biliary tract cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06431490.md - A Study of TQB2450 Injection Combined With Anlotinib Hydrochloride Capsule Versus Sunitinib in Subjects With Advanced Renal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB2450 in renal cell carcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04523272.md - A Study of TQB2930 for Injection Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Patients With Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TQB2930, TQB3616, Fulvestrant, Capecitabine, Vinorelbine and Eribulin in advanced solid tumours, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06202261.md - A Study of Trastuzumab Rezetecan in Combination With Adebrelimab Versus Investigator's Choice of Therapy in Subjects With Residual Triple Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab rezetecan, Adebrelimab, Capecitabine and Pembrolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07679360.md - A Study of TRC003 in the Treatment of Patients With Progressive PSMA-positive mCRPC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Radiopharmaceuticals in prostate cancer, run by C Ray Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07567521.md - A Study of TRK-950 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TRK-950, Nivolumab in melanoma, run by Toray Industries, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05423262.md - A Study of TRK-950 When Used in Combination With Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel in Patients With Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of TRK-950 and Ramucirumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Toray Industries, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06038578.md - A Study of TSN1611 Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TSN1611 in advanced solid tumours, run by Tyligand Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06385925.md - A Study of TTI-101 as Monotherapy and in Combination in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic, and Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Tvardi Therapeutics, Incorporated, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05440708.md - A Study of Tucatinib (MK-7119) in Combination With Trastuzumab and Capecitabine in Participants With Previously Treated Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive (HER2+) Breast Carcinoma (MK-7119-001) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tucatinib, Trastuzumab and Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04721977.md - A Study of Tucatinib With Trastuzumab and mFOLFOX6 Versus Standard of Care Treatment in First-line HER2+ Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tucatinib, Trastuzumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab and Oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05253651.md - A Study of Tucidinostat in Combination With Sintilimab and Bevacizumab in MSS/pMMR Colorectal Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tucidinostat, Sintilimab, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Chipscreen Biosciences, Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06497985.md - A Study of Tulmimetostat DZR123 (CPI-0209) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors and Lymphomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Enzalutamide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and mesothelioma, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04104776.md - A Study of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Orelabrutinib (ICP-022) in Patients With r/r B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Orelabrutinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04014205.md - A Study of Valemetostat Tosylate Plus Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone in First-Line NSCLC Without Actionable Genomic Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06644768.md - A Study of Vebreltinib and Platinum-Containing Double Agents in Subjects With MET-Positive (trial): A phase 3 trial of Vebreltinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Beijing Pearl Biotechnology Limited Liability Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06930794.md - A Study of Velzatinib in Participants With Metastatic and/or Unresectable GIST After Imatinib, Sunitinib, Regorafenib, and Pimitespib (trial): A phase 2 trial of Velzatinib in advanced solid tumours, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07689201.md - A Study of Venetoclax in Combination With Isatuximab and Dexamethasone for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Venetoclax in multiple myeloma, run by Oncotherapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06115135.md - A Study of Venetoclax in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02966756.md - A Study of Vepugratinib (LY3866288) in Participants With Cancer in the Urinary Tract (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Vepugratinib in bladder & urothelial cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07218380.md - A Study of Volrustomig in Women With High Risk Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer (IVOLGA) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Volrustomig in cervical cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06943833.md - A Study of VRN110755 in Patients With EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VRN110755 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Voronoi, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07699328.md - A Study of VRT106 for Injection in Patients With Recurrent/Progressive Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VRT106 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07093814.md - A Study of VRT106 in Combination With Radiotherapy in Adult Patients With Diffuse Midline Glioma / Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (trial): A phase 2 trial of VRT106 for injection in glioma & glioblastoma and diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered, run by Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07589257.md - A Study of WX390 Combined With Toripalimab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06117566.md - A Study of WX390 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of WX390 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06117540.md - A Study of Xaluritamig Plus Abiraterone Versus Investigator's Choice in Participants With Chemotherapy-naïve Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate (trial): A phase 3 trial of Xaluritamig, Abiraterone acetate, Docetaxel in prostate cancer, run by Amgen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07213674.md - A Study of XmAb20717 (Vudalimab)in Patients With Selected Advanced Gynecologic and Genitourinary Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of vudalimab in ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer, run by Xencor, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05032040.md - A Study of XZP-3287 in Combination With Fulvestrant in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing XZP-3287 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05077449.md - A Study of XZP-3287 in Combination With Letrozole/Anastrozole in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of XZP-3287 in advanced solid tumours, run by Xuanzhu Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05257395.md - A Study of XZP-5955 Tablets in Patients With NTRK or ROS1 Fusion Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XZP-5955 tablets in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Xuanzhu Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04996121.md - A Study of YL201 and Ivonescimab (AK112) in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YL201, Ivonescimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07208773.md - A Study of YL201 in Combination With Other Anti-Cancer Therapies in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YL201 and Atezolizumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07407933.md - A Study of YL201 in Combination With Serplulimab in Participants With Treatment-naïve Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing YL201 in small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07739758.md - A Study of YL201 in Combination With Toripalimab and With or Without Cisplatin in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YL201, Toripalimab, Cisplatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07258979.md - A Study of YL201 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YL201 and Atezolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05434234.md - A Study of YL202 in Combination With Other Anti-tumor Therapies in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YL202, Toripalimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07169994.md - A Study of YL202 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of YL202 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07202364.md - A Study of YL202 in Selected Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of YL202 should be intravenously infused in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06107686.md - A Study of YL242 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07197827.md - A Study of Zanubrutinib Plus Anti-CD20 Versus Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Follicular or Marginal Zone Lymphom (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zanubrutinib, Rituximab, Lenalidomide in follicular lymphoma, run by BeOne Medicines, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05100862.md - A Study of Zenocutuzumab (MCLA-128) in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring an NRG1 Fusion (eNRGy) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zenocutuzumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Partner Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02912949.md - A Study of Zidesamtinib (NVL-520) in Patients With Advanced NSCLC and Other Solid Tumors Harboring ROS1 Rearrangement (ARROS-1) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zidesamtinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Nuvalent Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05118789.md - A Study of Zilovertamab Vedotin (MK-2140) as Monotherapy and in Combination in Participants With Aggressive and Indolent B-cell Malignancies (MK-2140- (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zilovertamab vedotin, Nemtabrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05458297.md - A Study of Zilovertamab Vedotin (MK-2140) in Combination With Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Prednisone Plus Rituximab or Rituximab Biosimilar (Truxima) (R-CHP) in Participants With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (MK-2140-007) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zilovertamab vedotin, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Rituximab and Prednisone in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05406401.md - A Study of Zipalertinib in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertions or Other Uncommon Mutation. (trial): A phase 2 trial of TAS6417 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Taiho Oncology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05967689.md - A Study of ZL-1310 in Participants With Selected Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZL-1310 in advanced solid tumours, run by Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06885281.md - A Study of ZL-1310 Versus Investigator's Choice of Therapy in Participants With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (DLLEVATE) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ZL-1310 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dllevate.md - A Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) in Adults With Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zolbetuximab, Oxaliplatin, Pembrolizumab, Leucovorin (folinic acid), Nivolumab and Docetaxel in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03505320.md - A Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) in Adults With Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zolbetuximab and Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03816163.md - A Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) Plus CAPOX Compared With Placebo Plus CAPOX as First-line Treatment of Subjects With Claudin (CLDN) 18.2-positive, HER2-negative, Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma (GLOW). (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zolbetuximab, Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03653507.md - A Study of Zolbetuximab Together With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Adults With Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zolbetuximab, Pembrolizumab, Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Leucovorin (folinic acid) and Fluorouracil (5-FU) in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06901531.md - A Study to Access Efficacy and Safety of P1101 in Chinese PV Patients Who Are Intolerant or Resistance to HU (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ropeginterferon alfa-2b in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by PharmaEssentia, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05485948.md - A Study to Access Intravenous (IV) Telisotuzumab Adizutecan in Combination With IV Bevacizumab Compared to Standard of Care IV Bevacizumabin Combination With Oral Trifluridine and Tipiracil in Adult Participants With Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Telisotuzumab adizutecan in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07525206.md - A Study to Assess A Change in Disease Activity and Adverse Events of Intravenous Etentamig and Daratumumab (Etentamig+D) Compared to Daratumumab, Lena (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Lenalidomide, Daratumumab, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07095452.md - A Study to Assess a New Medicine Called IPN01195 When Administered Alone in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IPN01195 in advanced solid tumours, run by Ipsen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06833008.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity in Adult Participants Receiving Intravenously Infused Telisotuzumab Adizutecan Alone o (trial): A phase 2 trial of Telisotuzumab adizutecan in colorectal cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07023289.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity in Participants 12 Years of Age or Older With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors That Harbor MET Amplification Receiving Intravenously Infused Telisotuzumab Adizutecan (trial): A phase 2 trial of Telisotuzumab adizutecan in advanced solid tumours, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07196644.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity in Participants With Platinum-Resistant Advanced High-Grade Epithelial Ovarian, Primar (trial): A phase 2 trial of Mirvetuximab soravtansine in ovarian cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06682988.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Intravenous (IV) Telisotuzumab Adizutecan, Monotherapy or in Combination With Osimertinib, Compared to Standard of Care in Adult Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic EGFR-Mutated Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Telisotuzumab adizutecan in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07155187.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Multiple Treatment Combinations With Intravenous Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in Adult (trial): A phase 2 trial of Mirvetuximab soravtansine, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07059845.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Oral Surzetoclax Alone or in Combination With Subcutaneous and/or Oral Antimyeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Daratumumab, Dexamethasone, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06953960.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity When Intravenous (IV) Pivekimab Sunirine is Given in Combination With Oral Venetoclax and IV or Subcutaneous Azacitidine in Adult Participants With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Pivekimab sunirine, Venetoclax and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07581002.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events and How Intravenously (IV) Infused Telisotuzumab Vedotin (ABBV-399) Moves Through the Body as a Monotherapy in Adult (trial): A phase 2 trial of Telisotuzumab vedotin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06568939.md - A Study to Assess Adverse Events, Change in Disease Activity of Intravenous Telisotuzumab Adizutecan in Combination With Osimertinib as First-Line Treatment in Adult Participants With Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic EGFR-Mutated Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Telisotuzumab adizutecan in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07005102.md - A Study to Assess Anti-Tumor Activity of Intravenously (IV) Infused Carboplatin With Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Fo (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin, Mirvetuximab soravtansine, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06890338.md - A Study to Assess BMS-986458 Alone and in Combination With Anti-lymphoma Agents in Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rituximab, Glofitamab, Obinutuzumab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06090539.md - A Study to Assess Change in Disease Activity and Adverse Events (AE)s in Adult Participants With Multiple Myeloma Receiving T Cell Engaging Bi/Tri-spe (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lenalidomide, Dexamethasone, Daratumumab in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06892522.md - A Study to Assess Change in Disease Activity and Adverse Events in Adult Participants With Gynecologic Cancers Receiving Intravenous Infusion of IMGN1 (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin, Bevacizumab, Olaparib in ovarian cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07024784.md - A Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab With or Without Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK- 2870) in Adult Participants With Resectable Non Sm (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06312137.md - A Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of P1101 in Adult Patients With PV (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ropeginterferon alfa-2b in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by PharmaEssentia, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05481151.md - A Study to Assess IPN01194 When Administered Alone in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IPN01194 in melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer, run by Ipsen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06305247.md - A Study to Assess Naporafenib (ERAS-254) Administered With Trametinib in Patients With NRAS-mutant Melanoma (SEACRAFT-2) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Naporafenib in melanoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seacraft-2.md - A Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of CHO-H01 as a Single Agent/Combined With Lenalidomide in Subjects With Refractory or Relapsed Non-Hodgkin's Ly (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lenalidomide in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Cho Pharma Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05950165.md - A Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of PRL3-Zumab in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of PRL3-zumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Intra-IMMUSG Pte Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04452955.md - A Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability and Imaging Characteristics of [68Ga]Ga-DPI-4452 and to Assess Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-DPI-4452 in Participants With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of [68Ga]Ga-DPI-4452 in renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, bladder & urothelial cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer, run by Lumara Bio Oncologics GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05706129.md - A Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability and Preliminary Efficacy of Bexmarilimab in Combination With Standard of Care in Patients With Hematological Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Azacitidine and Venetoclax in acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Faron Pharmaceuticals Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05428969.md - A Study to Assess the Anti-Tumor Activity and Safety of Odronextamab in Adult Patients With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Have Been Previously Treat (trial): A phase 2 trial of Odronextamab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03888105.md - A Study to Assess the Dose, Adverse Events, and Change in Disease Activity of Livmoniplimab as an Intravenous (IV) Solution in Combination With Budigalimab as an IV Solution in Adult Participants With Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Budigalimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06109272.md - A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of FORE8394 in Participants With Cancer Harboring BRAF Alterations (trial): A phase 2 trial of Plixorafenib in advanced solid tumours, run by Fore Biotherapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05503797.md - A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of WSD0922-FU in Patients With EGFRm+ Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of WSD0922-FU in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Wayshine Biopharm, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06631989.md - A Study to Assess the Efficacy of WSD0922-FU in Patients With C797S+ Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of WSD0922-FU Tablets, Dose level A in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Wayshine Biopharm, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06868485.md - A Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of Tazemetostat in Combination With Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Versus (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tazemetostat, Lenalidomide, Rituximab in follicular lymphoma, run by Epizyme, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04224493.md - A Study to Assess the Safety and Anti-Tumor Activity of REGN7945 in Combination With Linvoseltamab in Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Mult (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Linvoseltamab in multiple myeloma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06669247.md - A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of AZD7789 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD7789 in non-small-cell lung cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04931654.md - A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Two Combinations of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Mutant Targeted Therapies Plus Azacitidine in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Harboring IDH Mutations Who Are Not Candidates to Receive Intensive Induction Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02677922.md - A Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of BMS-986158 Alone and in Combination With Either Ruxolitinib or Fedratinib in Participants With Blood Cancer (Myelofibrosis) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ruxolitinib and Fedratinib in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04817007.md - A Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of BMS-986525 Alone and in Combination Therapy in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Small Cell Lung (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07325136.md - A Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-Tumor Activity of Oral HP518 in mCRPC Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HP518 - Dose Escalation in prostate cancer, run by Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06155084.md - A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Antileukemic Activity of Debio 1562M in Participants With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Debio 1562M in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Debiopharm International SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06969430.md - A Study To Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Imzokitug in Combination With Pumitamig and Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy (PDCT) Versus Pu (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002, Pemetrexed, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07680764.md - A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of NDI-219216 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of NDI-219216 in advanced solid tumours, run by Nimbus Wadjet, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06898450.md - A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy, and Drug Levels of BMS-986369 (Golcadomide) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory T-cell Lymphomas in Japan (GOLSEEK-3) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BMS-986369 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06035497.md - A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Immunogenicity and Antitumour Activity of IPN60300 in Adults With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IPN60300 in advanced solid tumours, run by Ipsen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07213817.md - A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Immunogenicity and Anti-tumour Activity of IPN01203 in Adults With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumours Exposed to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IPN01203 in advanced solid tumours, run by Ipsen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07213830.md - A Study to Assess Zipalertinib Versus Placebo in Participants With Early Stage NSCLC With Uncommon EGFR Mutations, Following Complete Tumor Resection (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Zipalertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07128199.md - A Study to Compare ABP 234 and Keytruda® (Pembrolizumab) in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Non-squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06311721.md - A Study to Compare Darolutamide Given With Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and Placebo Given With ADT in Men With Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Darolutamide in prostate cancer, run by Bayer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05794906.md - A Study to Compare DB-1303/BNT323 Versus T-DM1 in Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab pamirtecan run by DualityBio Inc. in her2-positive breast cancer, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06265428.md - A Study to Compare Effects and Safety of CT-P51 and Keytruda in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Celltrion, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06939595.md - A Study to Compare How Well Odronextamab Combined With Chemotherapy Works and How Safe it is Against Rituximab Combined With Chemotherapy, in Adult Pa (trial): A phase 3 trial of Odronextamab, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06091865.md - A Study to Compare Iberdomide Maintenance Versus Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Participants With Newly (trial): A phase 3 trial of Iberdomide, Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05827016.md - A Study to Compare Linvoseltamab and Daratumumab Treatment in High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (HR-SMM) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Linvoseltamab, Daratumumab in multiple myeloma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07393282.md - A Study to Compare Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous CT-P44 and Darzalex Faspro in Combination With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daratumumab in multiple myeloma, run by Celltrion, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06952478.md - A Study to Compare Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MB12 (Proposed Pembrolizumab Biosimilar) to Keytruda® in Non-small Cell L (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by mAbxience Research S.L., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06687369.md - A Study to Compare QLS31905 and Chemotherapy With Placebo and Chemotherapy in Participants With Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QLS31905 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07079228.md - A Study to Compare Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Pembrolizumab Alone as Treatment in Participan (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06952504.md - A Study to Compare Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Monotherapy Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice as Second-line Treatment for Participants With (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pemetrexed, Tisotumab vedotin in cervical cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06459180.md - A Study to Compare Setidegrasib (ASP3082) With Docetaxel, in People With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With a KRAS G12D Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Setidegrasib in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07566052.md - A Study to Compare the Combination of Navlimetostat (BMS-986504) With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Versus Placebo Plus Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in First-line Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Participants With Homozygous MTAP Deletion (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Navlimetostat in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07063745.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-986365 Versus the Investigator's Choice of Therapy in Participants With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing BMS-986365 in prostate cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06764485.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-986393 Versus Standard Regimens in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refractory and Lenalidomide-exposed Multiple Myeloma (QUINTESSENTIAL-2) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Arlocabtagene Autoleucel in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quintessential-2.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-986489 (Atigotatug+ Nivolumab Fixed Dose Combination) in Combination With Carboplatin Plus Etoposide to That of Atezolizumab With Carboplatin Plus Etoposide as First-Line Therapy in Participants With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (TIGOS) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Atigotatug in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06646276.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Entrectinib and Crizotinib in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic ROS1 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With and Without Central Nervous System (CNS) Metastases (trial): A phase 3 trial of Entrectinib and Crizotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04603807.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Golcadomide in Combination With Rituximab (Golca + R) vs Investigator's Choice in Participants With Rela (trial): A phase 3 trial of Golcadomide, Rituximab, Lenalidomide in follicular lymphoma, run by Celgene, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06911502.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Idecabtagene Vicleucel With Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy Versus Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy Alo (trial): A phase 3 trial of Idecabtagene vicleucel, Lenalidomide, Fludarabine in multiple myeloma, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06045806.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of LY01015 and Opdivo® Combined Respectively With Chemotherapy in Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cisplatin and Nivolumab in oesophageal cancer, run by Shandong Boan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06022861.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Azacitidine Plus Best Supportive Care Versus Best Supportive Care as Maintenance Therapy in Japanese Participants With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Complete Remission (trial): A phase 2 trial of Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05197426.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy of Nivolumab and Relatlimab Plus Chemotherapy vs Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Stage IV/Recurrent Non-squamous N (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06561386.md - A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Immunogenicity Between SB27 and Keytruda in Subjects With Metastatic Non-squamous Non-s (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06348199.md - A Study to Compare Uliledlimab Combined With Sintilimab and Chemotherapy Versus Sintilimab Combined With Chemotherapy in Patients With Previously Untr (trial): A phase 2 trial of Uliledlimab, Sintilimab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by TJ Biopharma Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07005336.md - A Study to Compare Uliledlimab Combined With Toripalimab, Toripalimab Monotherapy, and Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Previously Untreated Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic PD-L1- and CD73- Selected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Uliledlimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06984588.md - A Study to Customize Ibrutinib Treatment Regimens for Participants With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ibrutinib and Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05963074.md - A Study to Determine Dose, Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of CC-220 Monotherapy, and in Combination With Other Treatments in Subjects With Multiple (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Iberdomide, Dexamethasone, Daratumumab in multiple myeloma, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02773030.md - A Study to Determine the Effect of CT3001 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FOLFOX, FLOT, CAPOX in colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Crossignal Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06598007.md - A Study to Determine the Recommended Dose and Regimen and to Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of CC-92480 in Combination With Standard Tre (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Mezigdomide, Bortezomib, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03989414.md - A Study to Determine the Recommended Dose and Schedule, and Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Mezigdomide in Combination With Elranatama (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Elranatamab, Mezigdomide, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Celgene, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06988488.md - A Study to Efficacy and Safety of SPH4336 Monotherapy or in Combination With Cadonilimab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SPH4336 and Cadonilimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05944224.md - A Study to Evaluate 9MW2821 Versus Chemotherapy in Subjects With Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of 9MW2821 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06196736.md - A Study to Evaluate 9MW2821 Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice for Subjects With Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of 9MW2821 in cervical cancer, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06692166.md - A Study to Evaluate ABP 206 Compared With OPDIVO® (Nivolumab) in Subjects With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab in melanoma, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06054555.md - A Study to Evaluate Acalabrutinib, in Combination With the R-CHOP Standard of Care, for Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma in Spain (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acalabrutinib, Rituximab in mantle cell lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07029737.md - A Study to Evaluate Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Intravenous ABBV-706 Versus Standard of Care in Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ABBV-706 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07365241.md - A Study to Evaluate Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Subcutaneous (SC) Epcoritamab As Monotherapy or Combined With Standard of Care Th (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Epcoritamab, Cyclophosphamide, Rituximab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05201248.md - A Study to Evaluate Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Subcutaneous (SC) Epcoritamab in Combination With Oral and Intravenous Anti-Neopl (trial): A phase 2 trial of Epcoritamab, Lenalidomide, Ibrutinib in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05283720.md - A Study to Evaluate Adverse Events of Subcutaneous (SC) Epcoritamab Administered in the Outpatient Setting in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refr (trial): A phase 2 trial of Epcoritamab in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05451810.md - A Study to Evaluate ARV-6723 Alone and With Pembrolizumab in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Arvinas Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07749586.md - A Study to Evaluate ARV-806 in Adults With Advanced Cancer That Has the KRAS G12D Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ARV-806 in advanced solid tumours, run by Arvinas Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07023731.md - A Study to Evaluate C-CAR031 in Glypican-3 (GPC3)+ Advanced/Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Armored and GPC3-targeted autologous CAR T-cell in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Shanghai AbelZeta Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06590246.md - A Study to Evaluate Camrelizumab Plus Rivoceranib (Apatinib) as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) at High Risk of Recur (trial): A phase 3 trial of Camrelizumab, Rivoceranib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04639180.md - A Study to Evaluate Chemotherapy Plus Osimertinib Against Chemotherapy Plus Placebo in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04765059.md - A Study to Evaluate Chemotherapy With or Without INCB161734 in Previously Untreated, KRAS G12D-Mutated Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing INCB161734 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07522073.md - A Study to Evaluate Claudin 18.2-Directed ADC LCB02A in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LCB02A in advanced solid tumours, run by LigaChem Biosciences, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07460375.md - A Study to Evaluate D-0502 in Subjects With ER+ Her2- Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing D-0502 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06954961.md - A Study to Evaluate DJI136, a DLL3-targeted CAR-T Therapy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DJI136 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07564401.md - A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07149857.md - A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Giredestrant Compared With Fulvestrant (Plus a CDK4/6 Inhibitor), in Participants With ER-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer Resistant to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (pionERA Breast Cancer) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Giredestrant, Fulvestrant, Abemaciclib, Palbociclib and Ribociclib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06065748.md - A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients in the United States (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tislelizumab, Capecitabine, Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Oxaliplatin in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07554521.md - A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, and Safety of QL2107 Plus Chemo and Compare With Keytruda in Participants With IV nqNSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QL2107 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06754644.md - A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and PK of XEMBIFY®+Standard Medical Treatment (SMT) Compared to Placebo+SMT to Prevent Infections in Participants With HGG and Recurrent or Severe Infections Associated With B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Xembify in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Grifols Therapeutics LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05645107.md - A Study to Evaluate Enfortumab Vedotin in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Malignant Solid Tumors (EV-202) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Enfortumab vedotin and Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04225117.md - A Study to Evaluate GFH375 Versus Docetaxel in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS G12D Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial testing GFH375 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07668752.md - A Study to Evaluate Glofitamab as a Single Agent vs. Investigator's Choice in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Obinutuzumab, Glofitamab, Rituximab, Bendamustine, Lenalidomide and Tocilizumab in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06084936.md - A Study to Evaluate Glofitamab Monotherapy and Glofitamab + Chemoimmunotherapy in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Matu (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Obinutuzumab, Glofitamab, Rituximab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05533775.md - A Study to Evaluate HLX22 in Combination With HLX87 in Patients With HER2-Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07294508.md - A Study to Evaluate HMPL-306 in Patients With IDH1or IDH2-mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HMPL-306 in acute myeloid leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06387069.md - A Study to Evaluate INCB099280 in Participants With Select Solid Tumors Who Are Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Naive (trial): A phase 2 trial of INCB099280 in advanced solid tumours, run by Incyte Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05879822.md - A Study to Evaluate Investigational Agents With or Without Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Participants With Advanced Esophageal Cancer Previously Exposed to Programmed Cell Death 1 Protein (PD-1)/ Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Treatment (MK-3475-06B) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Lenvatinib, Sacituzumab tirumotecan and Dexamethasone in oesophageal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05319730.md - A Study to Evaluate LB1410 in Combination With LB4330 in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LB1410 and LB4330 in advanced solid tumours, run by L & L Bio Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06468358.md - A Study to Evaluate Lenti-HPV-07 Immunotherapy Against HPV+ Cervical or Oropharyngeal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Two IM injections Lenti-HPV-07 in cervical cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Theravectys S.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06319963.md - A Study to Evaluate Long-term Safety in Participants Who Have Participated in Other Luspatercept (ACE-536) Clinical Trials (trial): A phase 3 trial of Luspatercept in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms and myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Celgene, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04064060.md - A Study to Evaluate Long-term Safety of Zanubrutinib Regimens in Participants With B-Cell Malignancies Who Participated in BeiGene Parent Studies of Zanubrutinib (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zanubrutinib and Tislelizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by BeOne Medicines, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04170283.md - A Study to Evaluate LY3537021 for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Chemotherapy in Adults With Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of LY3537021 in advanced solid tumours, run by Eli Lilly and Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07169851.md - A Study to Evaluate Mezigdomide in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone (MeziKD) Versus Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone (Kd) in Participants W (trial): A phase 3 trial of Mezigdomide, Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05552976.md - A Study to Evaluate Mezigdomide, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (MEZIVd) Versus Pomalidomide, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (PVd) in Participants With Re (trial): A phase 3 trial of Mezigdomide, Pomalidomide, Bortezomib in multiple myeloma, run by Celgene, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05519085.md - A Study to Evaluate MRG003 vs Cetuximab/Methotrexate in in the Treatment of Patients With RM-SCCHN (trial): A phase 3 trial testing MRG003 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05751512.md - A Study to Evaluate Preventive Treatments for GPRC5D-related Oral Events (trial): A phase 2 trial of Talquetamab in multiple myeloma, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06500884.md - A Study to Evaluate Pumitamig Versus Durvalumab Following Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Participants With Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell (trial): A phase 3 trial of PM8002, Durvalumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07361497.md - A Study to Evaluate Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Advanced/Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (MK-2870-015) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, FOLFIRI, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in oesophageal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06356311.md - A Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of ACT001 and Anti-PD-1 in Patients With Surgically Accessible Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Accendatech USA Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05053880.md - A Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of BEY1107 in Combination with Capecitabine in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Capecitabine in colorectal cancer, run by BeyondBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05093907.md - A Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Bomedemstat (MK-3543-017) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Bomedemstat in myeloproliferative neoplasms, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06351631.md - A Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of WSD0922-FU Combo With Osimertinib for NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Wayshine Biopharm, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07206498.md - A Study to Evaluate Safety, Drug Levels and Effectiveness of CC-92480 (BMS-986348) in Combination With Other Treatments in Participants With Relapsed (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Mezigdomide, Tazemetostat, Trametinib in multiple myeloma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05372354.md - A Study to Evaluate Safety, Efficacy of FF-10832 in Combo With Pembrolizumab in Urothelial & Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Fujifilm Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05318573.md - A Study to Evaluate Safety, PK, PD and Efficacy of AZD5492, a T Cell-engaging Antibody Targeting CD20 in Subjects With R/R B-Cell Malignancies. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD5492 in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06542250.md - A Study to Evaluate SSGJ-707 in Advanced Gynecologic Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of PF-08634404, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, run by Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06522828.md - A Study to Evaluate Subcutaneous Zilucoplan in Pediatric Participants With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Zilucoplan in childhood cancers, run by UCB Biopharma SRL, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06055959.md - A Study to Evaluate Tabelecleucel in Participants With Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Associated Diseases (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tabelecleucel in brain and spinal cord tumours, sarcomas and uterine sarcoma, run by Pierre Fabre Medicament, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04554914.md - A Study to Evaluate TAR-210 Versus Intravesical Chemotherapy Treatment in Participants With High Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TAR-210 in bladder & urothelial cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06919965.md - A Study to Evaluate TAR-210 Versus Single Agent Intravesical Cancer Treatment in Participants With Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of TAR-210 and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06319820.md - A Study to Evaluate the Adverse Events, and Efficacy of Intravenous (IV) of Telisotuzumab Adizutecan in Combination With IV Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, (trial): A phase 2 trial of Telisotuzumab adizutecan, Fluorouracil, CAPOX in colorectal cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06820463.md - A Study to Evaluate the Effect of GDC-4198 Alone and in Combination With Giredestrant Versus Abemaciclib and Giredestrant in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Estrogen Receptor-Positive (ER+), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Negative (HER2-) Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Giredestrant and Abemaciclib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Genentech, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07100106.md - A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Venetoclax on Participants Receiving a Covalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (cBTKi) for First-line Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1L CLL) to Achieve Deep Durable Remissions to Allow Off-treatment Period (trial): A phase 2 trial of Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Genentech, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06524375.md - A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Setidegrasib, Given With Either mFOLFIRINOX or NALIRIFOX Chemotherapies, in People With Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Setidegrasib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07409272.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Belantamab Mafodotin in Combination With Standard of Care in Participants With Relapsed-Refractory Mult (trial): A phase 2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Dexamethasone, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227311.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CYH33 in Patients With Recurrent/Persistent Ovary Clear Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of CYH33 in ovarian cancer, run by Haihe Biopharma Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05043922.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Divarasib Compared With Investigator's Choice of Immunotherapy or Observation in Participants With Rese (trial): A phase 3 trial of Divarasib, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07541170.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Giredestrant in Combination With Phesgo (Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Hyaluronidase-zzxf) Versus Phesgo in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (heredERA Breast Cancer) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Giredestrant and Docetaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05296798.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Glumetinib Combined With Osimertinib Mesylate Versus Platinum-based Doublet Chemotherapy in N (trial): A phase 3 trial of Glumetinib run by Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc. in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06829459.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Golcadomide in Combination With Rituximab in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Stage Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Golcadomide, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisone in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06425302.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HLX11 vs. EU-Perjeta® in the Neoadjuvant Therapy of HER2-Positive and HR-Negative Early-stage or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HLX11 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05346224.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of IBI310 and Sintilimab Combination Therapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma as First-line Treatment (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing IBI310 in hepatocellular carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07490262.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of IBI363 Monotherapy Compared to Pembrolizumab in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastat (trial): A phase 2 trial of IBI363, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06797297.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ICP-248 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (APEX-06) (trial): A phase 2 trial of ICP-248 in mantle cell lymphoma, run by Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07082686.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan (I-DXd) in Subjects With Recurrent or Metastatic Solid Tumors (IDeate-PanTumor02) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06330064.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Inavolisib in Combination With Phesgo Versus Placebo in Combination With Phesgo in Participants With PIK3CA-Mutated HER2-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Inavolisib in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05894239.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of JCAR017 in Adult Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04245839.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MRG003 in Patients With Recurrent Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of MRG003, Capecitabine, Docetaxel in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05126719.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Targeted Therapies as Treatments for Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Alectinib, Atezolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03178552.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Nanosomal Docetaxel Lipid Suspension in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Jina Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03671044.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ONO-4538 in Combination With Ipilimumab and Chemotherapy in Chemotherapy-naïve Participants With HER2-negative Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer (Including Esophagogastric Junction Cancer) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ipilimumab, Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05144854.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Maintenance Treatment Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Pl (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Bevacizumab, Dexamethasone in ovarian cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06824467.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Serplulimab in Combination With Chemotherapy and Concurrent Radiotherapy in Patients With Limited-Stage (trial): A phase 3 trial of Serplulimab, Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05353257.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Standard-of-Care Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab With or Without INCA33890 in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing INCA33890 in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07284849.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sutetinib Maleate Capsule in Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sutetinib Maleate Capsule in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Teligene US, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06010329.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TL118 in Solid Tumors Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of TL118 Capsule in advanced solid tumours, run by Teligene US, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06010342.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Cemsidomide + Dexamethasone in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by C4 Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07284758.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Pumitamig Versus Pembrolizumab in Participants With Previously Untreated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and P (trial): A phase 3 trial of PM8002, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07361510.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of VVD-133214 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Compared With Pembrolizumab Alone in Participants With Advanced Cancer of the Colon or Rectum (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Vividion Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07811193.md - A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of SCT1000 in Healthy Women Aged 18-45 Years (trial): A phase 3 trial of Recombinant 14-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine（Insect Cell） in advanced solid tumours, run by Sinocelltech Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06041061.md - A Study to Evaluate the Optimal Dose, Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Intravenous ABBV-706 in Combination With Atezolizumab Versus St (trial): A phase 2 trial of ABBV-706, Atezolizumab, Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07155174.md - A Study to Evaluate the Risk of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) in Adult Participants Receiving Oral Venetoclax in Combination With Intravenously Infused Obinutuzumab or Oral Acalabrutinib for Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Venetoclax, Acalabrutinib and Obinutuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06428019.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Diagnostic Performance of F18 FBPA PET/CT Imaging in Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of F18 FBPA Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Heron Neutron Medical Corp., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07691775.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of A2B395, an Allogeneic Logic-gated CAR T, in Participants With Solid Tumors That Express EGFR and Have Lost HLA-A*02 Expression (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of A2B395 in colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer, run by A2 Biotherapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06682793.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of A2B530, a Logic-gated CAR T, in Participants With Solid Tumors That Express CEA and Have Lost HLA-A*02 Expression (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of A2B530 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, run by A2 Biotherapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05736731.md - a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of D-1553 Combined With IN10018 in KRAS G12C Mutant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IN10018 in advanced solid tumours, run by InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06166836.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Glofitamab in Combination With Rituximab (R) Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone (CHOP) in Circulating Tumor (ct)DNA High-Risk Patients With Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Glofitamab, Tocilizumab, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone and Rituximab in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04980222.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Gocatamig (MK-6070) and Ifinatamab Deruxtecan (I-DXd) in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Extensiv (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan, Durvalumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06780137.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of HB0025 Injection in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pemetrexed, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in endometrial cancer, run by Huabo Biopharm Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06758557.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Mesothelin-Targeting Logic-gated CAR T, in Participants With Solid Tumors That Express MSLN and Have Lost HLA-A*02 Expression (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of A2B694 in colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer and mesothelioma, run by A2 Biotherapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06051695.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MK-3120 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (MK-3120-002) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MK-3120 in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06818643.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Mosunetuzumab (BTCT4465A) in Combination With Polatuzumab Vedotin in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Mosunetuzumab, Polatuzumab vedotin, Tocilizumab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03671018.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of NDV-01 in Participants With NMIBC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Docetaxel and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Relmada Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06663137.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Pumitamig in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Bevacizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Parti (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of PM8002, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI in colorectal cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07221357.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Pumitamig in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Nivolumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Participants With Previously Untreated Advanced or Metastatic Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junction, or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (ROSETTA Gastric-204) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of PM8002 and Nivolumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07221149.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of SCTB35 in Combination With Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SCTB35 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07570823.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of SCTB35 in Combination With Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SCTB35 in follicular lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07562022.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of SCTC21C in Combination With Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Not Eligible for Transplant (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SCTC21C in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07297329.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Tacabrutideg (BGB-16673) Compared to Pirtobrutinib in Adults With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pirtobrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06973187.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Two Dose Levels of ONO-4578 With Opdivo®, in Combination With mFOLFOX6 and Bevacizumab Versus Standard (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab, CAPOX, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06948448.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Eflapegrastim in Pediatric Participants With Solid Tumors or Lymphomas and Treated With Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Eflapegrastim in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04570423.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and PK of CRN04894 for the Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of atumelnant in pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinoma, run by Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05804669.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Activity of S095029 as Part of Combination Therapy in Advanced Gastroesophageal Junction/Gastric Cancers. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Servier Bio-Innovation LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06116136.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Therapeutic Activity of GI-102 As a Single Agent and in Combination with Conventional Anti-cancer Drugs, Pembrolizu (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Bevacizumab in sarcomas and ovarian cancer, run by GI Innovation, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05824975.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Pumitamig Alone or In Combination With Ipilimumab in Participants With First-Line Advanced or Unres (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002, Ipilimumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07291076.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of SCTB14 as First-Line Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SCTB14 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07362459.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Anti-Tumor Activity of Englumafusp Alfa in Combination With Obinutuzumab and in Combi (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Englumafusp alfa, Obinutuzumab, Glofitamab in non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04077723.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Antitumor Activity of INV-9956 in Adult Patients With Advanced Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of INV-9956 in prostate cancer, run by Shenzhen Ionova Life Sciences Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06609005.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Activity of JNJ-63723283, an Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody, in Participants With Advanced Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cetrelimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02908906.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Preliminary Efficacy of LRK-4189 Alone and in Combination in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LRK-4189 escalation in advanced solid tumours, run by LARKSPUR BIOSCIENCES, INC., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07498725.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of BMS-986523 Alone and in Combination With Anti-Cancer Agents in Participants With Advance (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Cetuximab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07223047.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of MORAb-202 (Herein Referred to as Farletuzumab Ecteribulin), a Folate Receptor Alpha (FRα)-Targeting Antibody-drug Conjugate (ADC) in Participants With Selected Tumor Types (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Prednisone, Dexamethasone and Lenvatinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Eisai Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04300556.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Pumitamig Alone or in Combination With Other Agents in Participants With Advanced Renal (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002, Ipilimumab, Cabozantinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07293351.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Drug Levels, and Preliminary Efficacy of BMS-986507 Combinations in Adult Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Osimertinib, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab and PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06618287.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics (PK), and Antitumor Activity of ALK201 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ALK201 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Allink Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06656390.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Antitumor Activity of INV-6452 in Adult Patients With Hormone Receptor Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Negative (HR+/HER2-) Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer or Locally Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of INV-6452 in ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Shenzhen Ionova Life Sciences Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07612891.md - A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Antitumor Activity of INV-8989 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of INV-8989 in colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and biliary tract cancer, run by Shenzhen Ionova Life Sciences Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07610798.md - A Study to Evaluate the Use of Durvalumab in Combination With Platinum-based Chemotherapy Followed by Durvalumab With Olaparib as First-line Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab in endometrial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06746116.md - A Study to Evaluate TROP2 ADC LCB84 Single Agent and in Combination With an Anti-PD-1 Ab in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LCB84 in advanced solid tumours, run by LigaChem Biosciences, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05941507.md - A Study to Evaluate Two Dosing Regimens of Subcutaneous Nivolumab in Combination With Intravenous Ipilimumab and Chemotherapy in Participants With Pre (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06946797.md - A Study to Evaluate Whether Participants With Melanoma Prefer Subcutaneous vs Intravenous Administration of Nivolumab and Nivolumab + Relatlimab Fixed (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab, Relatlimab + nivolumab in melanoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06101134.md - A Study to Evaluate Zilovertamab Vedotin (MK-2140) Combination With Rituximab Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Prednisone (R-CHP) Versus Rituxi (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zilovertamab vedotin, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06717347.md - A Study to Evluate Efficacy and Safety of HRS-8080 Combined With Dalpiciclib in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Resistant to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HRS-8080 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07354022.md - A Study to Explore the Reasonable Dosage and Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of HLX10 and HLX04 with or Without HLX53 in Untreated, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Serplulimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06349980.md - A Study to Find Out How Safe REGN5668 is and How Well it Works In Adult Women When Given With Either Cemiplimab, or Cemiplimab + Fianlimab, or Ubamata (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04590326.md - A Study to Find Out if Enfortumab Vedotin Given With Pembrolizumab Helps People With Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Keep Their Bladder (trial): A phase 2 trial of Enfortumab vedotin and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07475806.md - A Study to Investigate ALE.P02 as Monotherapy in Adult Patients With Selected CLDN1+ Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ALE.P02 in non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal cancer, run by Alentis Therapeutics AG, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06747585.md - A Study to Investigate ALE.P03 as Monotherapy in Adult Patients With Selected Advanced or Metastatic CLDN1+ Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ALE.P03 in non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, biliary tract cancer and bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Alentis Therapeutics AG, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07169734.md - A Study to Investigate ANS02 in Participants With EGFR Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ANS02 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Avistone Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07538804.md - A Study to Investigate APL-5125 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of APL-5125 in colorectal cancer, biliary tract cancer, appendiceal cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Apollo Therapeutics Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06399757.md - A Study to Investigate Efficacy & Safety of Intratumoral INT230-6 Compared to US Standard of Care in Adults With Soft Tissue Sarcomas (INVINCIBLE-3) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing INT230-6 in sarcomas, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/invincible-3.md - A Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of BCL2 Inhibitor Sonrotoclax as Monotherapy and in Combination With Zanubrutinib in Adults With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sonrotoclax and Zanubrutinib in waldenström macroglobulinaemia, run by BeOne Medicines, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05952037.md - A Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of Ceralasertib Plus Durvalumab in Participants Aged ≥ 18 Years With Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Whose Disease Progressed on or After Prior Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy and Platinum-based Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ceralasertib and Durvalumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05941897.md - A Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety With Oral AZD9833 Compared With Intramuscular Fulvestrant in Post-menopausal Women at Least 18 Years of Age With Advanced ER-positive HER2 Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Camizestrant and Fulvestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04214288.md - A Study to Investigate Mocertatug Rezetecan Compared With Chemotherapy in Participants With Endometrial Cancer After Platinum-based Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy (BEHOLD-Endometrial01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Doxorubicin in endometrial cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07286331.md - A Study to Investigate Mocertatug Rezetecan Compared With Standard of Care in Participants With Platinum-resistant Ovarian Cancer (BEHOLD-Ovarian01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Doxorubicin, Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, Topotecan, Gemcitabine, Pembrolizumab and Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07286266.md - A Study to Investigate Progression-Free Survival With Sonrotoclax Plus Obinutuzumab Or Sonrotoclax Plus Rituximab Compared With Venetoclax Plus Rituximab Treatment In Patients With Relapsed and/or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CELESTIAL-RRCLL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sonrotoclax, Obinutuzumab, Rituximab and Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06943872.md - A Study to Investigate Ronde-cel Versus Investigator's Choice CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Rondecabtagene autoleucel in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07188558.md - A Study to Investigate Safety and Effectiveness of CRN09682 in Participants With SST2-Expressing NENs and Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CRN09682 in neuroendocrine tumours, run by Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07129252.md - A Study to Investigate Safety and Effectiveness of Tacabrutideg (BGB-16673) in Combination With Other Agents in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sonrotoclax, Zanubrutinib, Mosunetuzumab, Glofitamab and Obinutuzumab in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06634589.md - A Study to Investigate Safety and Efficacy of Osimertinib and Amivantamab in Participants With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Common Epidermal Growth (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib, Amivantamab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05801029.md - A Study to Investigate Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of SOA101 in Adult Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SOA101 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shine-On Biomedical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07055594.md - A Study to Investigate Safety and Tolerability of TransCon IL-2 β/γ Alone or in Combination With Pembrolizumab and/or TransCon TLR7/8 Agonist or Other (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab emtansine in ovarian cancer and melanoma, run by Ascendis Pharma Oncology Division A/S, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05081609.md - A Study to Investigate Safety of AZD6750 in Adult Participants With Select Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rilvegostomig in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07115043.md - A Study to Investigate Sonrotoclax (BGB-11417) Plus Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) Compared With Venetoclax Plus Acalabrutinib in Adults With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sonrotoclax, Zanubrutinib, Acalabrutinib and Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07277231.md - A Study to Investigate Sonrotoclax Combined With Zanubrutinib Versus Zanubrutinib Alone in Participants With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sonrotoclax and Zanubrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by BeOne Medicines, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06637501.md - A Study to Investigate Subcutaneous Isatuximab in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Adult Participants With Relapsed and/or Refractory (trial): A phase 2 trial of Isatuximab, Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Sanofi, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05704049.md - A Study to Investigate the Antitumor Activity, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of BGB-A445 in Combination With Tislelizumab in Participants (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tislelizumab in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05661955.md - A Study to Investigate the Effects of AZD0901 Monotherapy in Adult Participants With 2L+ Advanced or Metastatic Gastric or GEJ Adenocarcinoma Expressing CLDN18.2 (trial): A phase 2 trial of AZD0901 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07143604.md - A Study to Investigate the Effects of Durvalumab With Oleclumab Following Chemoradiation in Participants With Locally Advanced Unresectable Non-Small (trial): A phase 2 trial of Oleclumab, Durvalumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06606847.md - A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of an Infusion of IOV-4001 in Adult Participants With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma or Stage III or IV Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IOV-4001 in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05361174.md - A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Dato-DXd With or Without Osimertinib Compared With Platinum Based Doublet Chemotherapy in Participan (trial): A phase 3 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Osimertinib, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06417814.md - A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of ONO-4578 in Combination With Nivolumab and Chemotherapy in Chemotherapy-naïve Participants With HER2-negative Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer (Including Esophagogastric Junction Cancer) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine and Nivolumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06256328.md - A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Sonrotoclax Plus Zanubrutinib Compared With Placebo Plus Zanubrutinib in Adults With Relapsed/Refrac (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sonrotoclax, Zanubrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06742996.md - A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan as the First Treatment Option for Unresectable, Locally Advanced/Metastatic N (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05048797.md - A Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab in Combination With Chemotherapy Compared With Pembrolizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Metastatic NSCLC Patients With Non-squamous Histology Who Have Mutations and/or Co-mutations in STK11, KEAP1, or KRAS (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, Pemetrexed, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06008093.md - A Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Zanubrutinib Plus Rituximab Compared With Bendamustine Plus Rituximab in Adults With Previously Untreated Mantl (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zanubrutinib, Bendamustine, Rituximab in hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, run by BeOne Medicines, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04002297.md - A Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Belantamab for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma When Used as Monotherapy and in Combination Treatme (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05714839.md - A Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of IOV-3001 in Adults With Advanced Melanoma Who Will Receive Lifileucel (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IOV-3001 in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06940739.md - A Study to Investigate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of GSK5460025 Alone or in Combination With Other Anti-cancer Agents in Participants With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GSK5460025 in colorectal cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07213609.md - A Study to Investigate the Safety of Novel Dose Ramp-up Schedule(s) When Initiating Sonrotoclax in Participants Treated for Blood Cancers. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sonrotoclax, Zanubrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma, run by BeOne Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06697184.md - A Study to Investigate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Activity of AP203 in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors, and Expansion to Selected Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AP203 in non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal cancer, run by AP Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05473156.md - A Study to Investigate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Effectiveness of GSK4418959 Alone or in Combination With Other Anti-cancer Agents in Participants With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GSK4418959 in colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06710847.md - A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics (PK), and Preliminary Anticancer Activity of GSK4524101 Alone or With Niraparib in Participants With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Niraparib in advanced solid tumours, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06077877.md - A Study to Investigate Tolerability and Efficacy of Asciminib (Oral) Versus Nilotinib (Oral) in Adult Participants (≥18 Years of Age) With Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Chronic Phase (Ph+ CML-CP) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Asciminib and Nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05456191.md - A Study to Investigate Ubamatamab With and Without Marlotamig (REGN7075) in Adult Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ubamatamab and REGN7075 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07154290.md - A Study to Investigate Velzatinib Compared With Imatinib in Adult Participants With Previously Untreated Metastatic and/or Unresectable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (StrateGIST Frontline) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Velzatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumour, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07585266.md - A Study to Learn About the Effects of the Combination of Elranatamab, Daratumumab and Lenalidomide Compared With Daratumumab, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide (trial): A phase 3 trial of Elranatamab, Daratumumab, Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05623020.md - A Study to Learn About the Investigational Drug Rinzimetostat (ORIC-944) in Patients With mCRPC Who Were Previously Treated With Abiraterone Acetate (Himalayas-1) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Rinzimetostat in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/himalayas-1.md - A Study to Learn About the Medicine Ponsegromab in Adults With Cancer of the Pancreas Which Has Spread and Caused Significant Body Weight Loss and Fatigue (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of ponsegromab in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06989437.md - A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine (Called PF-07220060 in Combination With PF-07104091) In Participants With Breast Cancer and Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Atirmociclib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05262400.md - A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-07248144 in Combination With Fulvestrant in People With HR-positive, HER2-negative Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Progressed After a Prior Line of Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial testing PF-07248144 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07062965.md - A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08046054/SGN-PDL1V Versus Docetaxel in Adult Participants With Previously-Treated Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing PF-08046054 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nsclc-4.md - A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Elranatamab Alone and With Daratumumab in People With Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received Other Treatments (trial): A phase 3 trial of Elranatamab, Daratumumab, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05020236.md - A Study to Learn About Vepdegestrant When Given With PF-07220060 to People With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Vepdegestrant and Atirmociclib in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06206837.md - A Study to Learn How PF-06821497 (Mevrometostat) Works in Men With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Mevrometostat, Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06629779.md - A Study to Learn How Safe AZD6621 is, How Well it Works, and How it Moves Throughout the Body Over Time, in Adult Male Participants With Metastatic Pr (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD6621 in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07192614.md - A Study to Learn How Well a Combination of Darolutamide and Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Works as a Treatment Before Surgery for Men Who Have Hi (trial): A phase 2 trial of Darolutamide in prostate cancer, run by Bayer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07450599.md - A Study to Learn if a Combination of Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Versus Cemiplimab Alone is More Effective for Adult Participants With Advanced Non-Small (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Fianlimab, Cemiplimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05785767.md - A Study to Learn More About How Well Elinzanetant Works and How Safe it is Compared to Placebo for the Treatment of Hot Flashes Caused by Anti-cancer Therapy in Women With, or at High Risk for Developing Hormone-receptor Positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Elinzanetant (BAY3427080) in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Bayer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05587296.md - A Study to Learn More About How Well Sevabertinib Works and How Safe it is Compared With Standard Treatment, in Participants Who Have Advanced Non-sma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sevabertinib, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bayer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06452277.md - A Study to Learn More About How Well Treatment With Sevabertinib (BAY 2927088) Tablets Works and How Safe it is in Participants Who Have a Solid Tumor With Mutations of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) (trial): A phase 2 trial of BAY2927088 in advanced solid tumours, run by Bayer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06760819.md - A Study to Learn More About the Study Medicine Called Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (InO) in Children (1 to <18 Years) With First Relapse ALL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Inotuzumab ozogamicin in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05748171.md - A Study to Provide Continued Access to and Assess Long-Term Safety of the Study Drug(s) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan in metastatic cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06174987.md - A Study to See if Giving Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Together is Better Than Cemiplimab Alone at Treating Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab, Fianlimab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06769698.md - A Study to Select a Dose Regimen (Part A) and to Investigate Overall Survival (Part B) With Nanvuranlat Compared With Physician's Best Choice in Participants Aged 18 Years or Older With Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nanvuranlat in biliary tract cancer, run by J-Pharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07265674.md - A Study to Test DSP107 in Combination With Atezolizumab in Comparison With Fruquintinib as a New Treatment for Colorectal Cancer. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Atezolizumab, Fruquintinib in colorectal cancer, run by Kahr Bio Australia Pty Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07235293.md - A Study to Test Inavolisib Treatment in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Inavolisib, Enzalutamide, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07287150.md - A Study to Test Inavolisib Treatments in Participants With Early-Stage, PIK3CA-Mutated Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Inavolisib, Ribociclib and Giredestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07054190.md - A Study to Test Long-term Treatment With Brigimadlin in People With Solid Tumours Who Took Part in a Previous Study With This Medicine (trial): A phase 2 trial of Brigimadlin in advanced solid tumours, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06619509.md - A Study to Test the Safety and Effectiveness of GSK5764227, Alone or With Other Treatments, in Participants With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancers That Cannot be Surgically Removed (EMBOLD PanGI-201) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Risvutatug Rezetecan in advanced solid tumours, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06885034.md - A Study to Test the Safety and Efficacy of the Drug Larotrectinib for the Treatment of Tumors With NTRK-fusion in Children (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Larotrectinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Bayer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02637687.md - A Study With Combinations of Anti-LAG-3 and Anti-PD-1 Antibodies in Adult Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma (Harmony Head-to-Head) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Fianlimab, Cemiplimab, Nivolumab in melanoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06246916.md - A Study With L19TNF in Combination With Lomustine in Patients With Glioblastoma at Progression or Recurrence (trial): A phase 2 trial of L19TNF in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Philogen S.p.A., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06336291.md - A Study YL201 in Patients With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YL201 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by MediLink Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06057922.md - A Sub-study Trial of Epcoritamab vs Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) in China (trial): A phase 3 trial of Epcoritamab in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07226752.md - A Substudy of Investigational Agents in Programmed Cell Death-1/Ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) Refractory Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (mUC) (MK-3475-04A) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zilovertamab vedotin and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05562830.md - A Three-Part Phase 3 Study of Sofetabart Mipitecan in Participants With Platinum-Resistant (Part A) and Platinum-Sensitive (Parts B and C) Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Sofetabart Mipitecan in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07213804.md - A Trial Comparing GQ1005 and T-DM1 in Patients With HER2-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing GQ1005 in HER2-positive breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07673029.md - A Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of HC-1119 Soft Capsules in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). (trial): A phase 3 trial of HC-1119 in prostate cancer, run by Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03851640.md - A Trial of Adebrelimab Plus (SHR-A1811/SHR-A1904 With Chemotherapy) or SHR-8068 as Treatment for Gastric/GEJ Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adebrelimab, Trastuzumab rezetecan and SHR-8068 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07110571.md - A Trial of AK117 (Anti-CD47 Antibody) in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AK117 and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04980885.md - A Trial of AMXI-5001 for Treatment in Patients With Advanced Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AMXI-5001:Dose Escalation Phase I in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by AtlasMedx, Incorporated, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04503265.md - A Trial of Belzutifan (PT2977, MK-6482) in Combination With Cabozantinib in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) (MK-6482-003) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Belzutifan, Cabozantinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey USA), active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03634540.md - A Trial of Casdozokitug in Combination With Toripalimab Plus Bevacizumab in Participants With Unresectable and/or Locally Advanced or Metastatic Hepat (trial): A phase 2 trial of Toripalimab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Coherus Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06679985.md - A Trial of HRS-2189 in Combination With Fluvastatin±HRS-6209, or HRS-8080±HRS-6209, or HRS-6209+HRS-1358 in Breast Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-8080 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06679036.md - A Trial of HRS-4508 Combined With Other Antitumor Therapies in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of HRS-4508 tablet in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07232849.md - A Trial of HRS-4508 in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of HRS-4508 tablet in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07003321.md - A Trial of HRS-6209 in Combination With Fulvestrant, Letrozole, HRS-8080, or HRS-1358 in Breast Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant and HRS-8080 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06555068.md - A Trial of HRS-6213 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-6213 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07070349.md - A Trial of HRS-6768 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-6768 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06925581.md - A Trial of Injectable SHR-A1811 in Combination With Pyrotinib or SHR-1316 in Subjects With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Adebrelimab, Pyrotinib and Trastuzumab rezetecan in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05482568.md - A Trial of LBL-024 Monotherapy or Combination Drug in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07281976.md - A Trial of LNS8801 With or Without Pembrolizumab in Patients With Refractory Melanoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing LNS8801 in melanoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06624644.md - A Trial of Pirtobrutinib (LOXO-305) Plus Venetoclax and Rituximab (PVR) Versus Venetoclax and Rituximab (VR) in Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pirtobrutinib, Venetoclax and Rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Loxo Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04965493.md - A Trial of SHR-1316/Placebo in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04316364.md - A Trial of SHR-2017 Injection in Patients With Bone Metastases From Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Denosumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07028268.md - A Trial of SHR-4849 Combined With Other Antitumor Drugs in Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adebrelimab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin and SHR-8068 in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07028281.md - A Trial of SHR-7787 Injection Combined With Other Anti-tumor Drugs in Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adebrelimab, Etoposide, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07268040.md - A Trial of SHR-7787 Injection in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-7787 injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06605222.md - A Trial of SHR-A1811 Combined With Other Antitumor Therapies in Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pyrotinib and Trastuzumab rezetecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06015048.md - A Trial of SHR-A1811 Compared to Other Antitumor Therapies as Neoadjuvant Treatments in Early-stage or Locally Advanced HER2-positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Docetaxel, Trastuzumab in her2-positive breast cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07196774.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 for Treatment of Advanced Gynecological Malignancy (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-A2102 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06654440.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Adebrelimab in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of SHR-A2102, Adebrelimab, Gemcitabine, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07393542.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Adebrelimab With or Without Other Anti-tumor Therapies in Recurrent/MetastaticHead and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A2102, Adebrelimab, Cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07059221.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Adebrelimab With or Without Other Antitumor Therapy in Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Adebrelimab, Cisplatin and SHR-A2102 in oesophageal cancer, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06474468.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Adebrelimab With or Without Other Antitumor Therapy in Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A2102, Adebrelimab, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06512051.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Antitumor Therapy in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A2102, Adebrelimab and SHR-8068 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06639347.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 With or Without Antitumor Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A2102, Adebrelimab and Disitamab vedotin in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06417554.md - A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Other Antitumor Therapies in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-A2102, Bevacizumab and Osimertinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06895928.md - A Trial of SHR1701 Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Gastric or Gastroesophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Retlirafusp alfa run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04950322.md - A Trial of Trastuzumab Rezetecan in Unresectable Locally Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab rezetecan and Trastuzumab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07497386.md - A Trial of Vigil for Participants With Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Vigil in ovarian cancer, run by Gradalis, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02346747.md - A Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Octreotide Subcutaneous Depot in Patients With GEP-NET (trial): A phase 3 trial of CAM2029 (octreotide subcutaneous depot) run by Camurus AB, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05050942.md - A Trial to Assess Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics of Octreotide Subcutaneous Injection in Patients With Gastroentero-pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (GEP-NET) (trial): A phase 2 trial of SYHX2008 injection in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06505395.md - A Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Immunogenicity of HD204 to Avastin® in Advanced Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bevacizumab, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Prestige Biopharma Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03390686.md - A Trial to Evaluate Intravesical Nadofaragene Firadenovec Alone or in Combination With Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy in Participants With High-grade BCG Unresponsive Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nadofaragene firadenovec, Gemcitabine, Docetaxel and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Ferring Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06545955.md - A Trial to Evaluate Safety and Tolerability of TST001 in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FOLFOX, Gemcitabine in metastatic cancer, run by Transcenta Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04396821.md - A Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Efficacy of TST001 in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CAPOX, Capecitabine, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in metastatic cancer, run by Transcenta Therapeutics (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04495296.md - A TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, PHARMACOKINETICS, AND EFFICACY OF SHR-A1904 IN SUBJECTS WITH ADVANCED SOLID TUMORS (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A1904 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05277168.md - A Trial to Find Out How Safe REGN7075 is and How Well it Works in Combination With Cemiplimab for Adult Participants With Advanced Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of REGN7075, Cemiplimab, Bevacizumab and Trifluridine/tipiracil in advanced solid tumours, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04626635.md - A Trial to Find Out if Odronextamab Combined With Lenalidomide is Safe and Works Better Than Rituximab Combined With Lenalidomide in Adult Participant (trial): A phase 3 trial of Odronextamab, Lenalidomide, Rituximab in follicular lymphoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06149286.md - A Trial to Find Out if REGN4336 is Safe and How Well it Works Alone and in Combination With REGN5678 for Adult Participants With Advanced Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of REGN4336 in prostate cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05125016.md - A Trial to Find Out if REGN5678 (Nezastomig) is Safe and How Well it Works Alone or in Combination With Cemiplimab for Adult Participants With Metasta (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03972657.md - A Trial to Learn How Effective and Safe Odronextamab is Compared to Standard of Care for Adult Participants With Previously Treated Aggressive B-cell (trial): A phase 3 trial of Odronextamab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06230224.md - A Trial to Learn How Safe AZD9750 is and How Well it Works in People With Metastatic Prostate Cancer When Given With or Without Other Anticancer Drugs (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD9750, Saruparib in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07336446.md - A Trial to Learn How the Cancer Vaccine BNT116 in Combination With Cemiplimab Works and How Safe the Combination is in Adults With Advanced Non-small (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05557591.md - A Trial to Learn How the Combination of Fianlimab With Cemiplimab and Chemotherapy Works Compared With Cemiplimab and Chemotherapy for Treating Adult (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Fianlimab, Cemiplimab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05800015.md - A Trial to Learn How Well Linvoseltamab Works Compared to the Combination of Elotuzumab, Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for Adult Participants With Re (trial): A phase 3 trial of Linvoseltamab, Elotuzumab, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05730036.md - A Trial to Learn if Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Are Safe and Work Better Than Anti-PD1 Alone in Adult Participants With Resectable Stage 3 or 4 Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab, Fianlimab in melanoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06190951.md - A Trial to Learn if Odronextamab Combined With Chemotherapy is Safe and Well-Tolerated and How Well it Works Compared to Rituximab Combined With Chemo (trial): A phase 3 trial of Odronextamab, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide in follicular lymphoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06097364.md - A Trial to Learn if Odronextamab is Safe and Well-Tolerated and How Well it Works Compared to Rituximab Combined With Different Types of Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Odronextamab, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide in follicular lymphoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06091254.md - A Trial to Learn if the Combination of Fianlimab, Cemiplimab, and Chemotherapy is Safe and Works Better Than the Combination of Cemiplimab and Chemoth (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fianlimab, Cemiplimab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06161441.md - A Trial to See if the Combination of Fianlimab With Cemiplimab Works Better Than Pembrolizumab for Preventing or Delaying Melanoma From Coming Back Af (trial): A phase 3 trial of Fianlimab, Cemiplimab, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05608291.md - A Trial to Study if REGN17372 in Combination With Linvoseltamab is Tolerable for Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Linvoseltamab in multiple myeloma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07455851.md - A US Study to Evaluate Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) in Combination With Durvalumab and Bevacizumab Therapy in People With Unresectable Hepat (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06040099.md - A Window of Opportunity Trial to Learn if Linvoseltamab is Safe and Well Tolerated, and How Well it Works in Adult Participants With Recently Diagnose (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Linvoseltamab in multiple myeloma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05828511.md - AB-2100, an Integrated Circuit T Cell Therapy in Patients With Recurrent Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AB-2100 in renal cell carcinoma, run by Arsenal Biosciences, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06245915.md - AB-3028, a Programmable Circuit T Cell Therapy in Patients With Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AB-3028 in prostate cancer, run by Arsenal Biosciences, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07285694.md - AB8939 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Venetoclax in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by AB Science, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05211570.md - ABC-02 (trial): ABC-02 was the 2010 UK trial that gave bile duct cancer its first standard chemotherapy: 410 patients with advanced biliary tract cancer were randomised to gemcitabine plus cisplatin or gemcitabine alone, and the doublet lengthened life and delayed progression. It stayed the control arm for every first-line trial for more than a decade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abc-02.md - Abiraterone, Enzalutamide, or Apalutamide in Castrate-sensitive Prostate Cancer. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abiraterone acetate, Apalutamide, Enzalutamide in metastatic cancer and prostate cancer, run by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05422911.md - ABL103 in Combination With Pembrolizumab, With or Without Taxane in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by ABL Bio, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07158918.md - ABSK-011+BSC vs. Placebo+BSC in Previously Treated Advanced HCC With FGF19 Overexpression (trial): A phase 2 trial of ABSK-011+BSC in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07327034.md - ABX196 in Combination With Nivolumab in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ABX196 in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Abivax S.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03897543.md - ACCENT: AMP945 in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AMP945 ascending doses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Amplia Therapeutics Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05355298.md - ACE-Breast-02 (trial): A site-specifically conjugated HER2 ADC beat lapatinib-capecitabine on progression-free survival in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ace-breast-02.md - Acoustic Cluster Therapy (ACT) With Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acoustic Cluster Therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by EXACT Therapeutics AS, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06850623.md - ACP-196 (Acalabrutinib), a Novel Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor, for Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Richter's Syndrome or Prolymphocytic Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Acalabrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02029443.md - ACT IV (trial): ACT IV was a double-blind phase 3 test of rindopepimut, a vaccine against the EGFRvIII mutant protein, in 745 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. It showed no benefit over a control vaccine, and because both arms beat historical expectations it taught the field how misleading historical-control comparisons can be. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/act-iv.md - ACTengine® IMA203/IMA203CD8 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Nivolumab in Recurrent and/or Refractory Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Immatics US, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03686124.md - ACTION (trial): ACTION is the first placebo-controlled phase 3 trial ever run in diffuse midline glioma, the childhood brain-stem tumour that radiotherapy alone has never cured. It asks whether taking dordaviprone after radiotherapy lengthens life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/action-dmg.md - ACTION-1 (trial): Tests whether an actinium alpha-radioligand rescues neuroendocrine tumours after lutetium therapy fails. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/action-1.md - AD1208 in Subjects With Any Progressive, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AD1208 in advanced solid tumours, run by Avelos Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06911333.md - Adaptive Dual-Target CAR-T Cells for Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Autologous CD19/CD22 dual-target CAR-T module in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukaemia and peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07523555.md - Adaptive Phase 1/2 Study of Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells in Relapsed/Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB-DART-NK01 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07744256.md - Adaptive Phase 1/2 Study of Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells in Relapsed/Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB-DART-NK01 (DLL3/CD56 CAR-NK cells) in small-cell lung cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07480213.md - ADAURA (trial): Showed a targeted pill after lung cancer surgery halves the risk of death, the first such result for a targeted therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adaura.md - Add-Aspirin (trial): Add-Aspirin is an 11,000-patient trial across four common cancers in the UK, Ireland and India asking whether cheap daily aspirin after curative treatment stops cancer coming back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/add-aspirin.md - ADG126 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ADG126, Pembrolizumab, Bevacizumab, Trifluridine/tipiracil and Fruquintinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Adagene Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05405595.md - ADI-PEG 20 Plus Radiotherapy and Temozolomide in Subjects With Glioblastoma Multiforme (trial): A phase 2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Polaris Group, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04587830.md - Adjuvant Befotertinib in Stage IB-IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Positive EGFR Sensitive Mutations (trial): A phase 3 trial of Icotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06041776.md - Adjuvant Encorafenib and Binimetinib in High-risk Stage II Melanoma With a BRAF Mutation. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Encorafenib, Binimetinib in melanoma, run by Pierre Fabre Medicament, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05270044.md - Adjuvant PRGN-2012 in Adult Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PRGN-2012 - Phase I; Dose Level 1 in rare cancers of childhood, run by Precigen, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04724980.md - Adjuvant Temozolomide ± 5-Aminolevulinic Acid + Low Intensity Diffuse Ultrasound Sonodynamic Therapy System for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Aminolevulinic acid (topical, for photodynamic therapy) in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Alpheus Medical, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07225621.md - ADMIRAL (trial): Showed a pill beats intensive salvage chemotherapy in relapsed FLT3-mutated AML, with fewer days in hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/admiral.md - ADP-A2M4CD8 Monotherapy and in Combination With Nivolumab in HLA-A2+ Subjects With MAGE-A4 Positive Ovarian Cancer (SURPASS-3) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab in ovarian cancer, run by USWM CT, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05601752.md - ADRIATIC (trial): ADRIATIC brought the first improvement in curative-intent small-cell lung cancer treatment in 30 years: a year or two of immunotherapy after chemoradiation lengthens life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adriatic.md - AENEAS (trial): The trial that showed Hansoh's aumolertinib roughly doubles progression-free survival compared with gefitinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aeneas.md - AETHERA (trial): In AETHERA, a year of the CD30 ADC after transplant halved relapse risk in high-risk patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aethera.md - AGILE (trial): In IDH1-mutated AML, adding ivosidenib to azacitidine tripled survival, one of the largest effects ever seen in a randomised AML trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/agile.md - Aglatimagene Besadenovec + Prodrug and Pembrolizumab vs Docetaxel for Stage IV Non-Squamous NSCLC Progressing on Pembrolizumab (AURORA) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Aglatimagene besadenovec in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aurora.md - AHOD2131 (COG / NCTN) (trial): Asks whether early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adults can be treated with immunotherapy instead of some chemotherapy and radiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ahod2131.md - Aims to Explore the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of SCTB41 in Adult Patients with Advanced Malignant Solid Tumours. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SCTB41 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sinocelltech Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06600022.md - AK104 for Recurrent or Metastatic Vulvar Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cadonilimab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in vulvar cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05932212.md - AK112 and AK104 With or Without Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ivonescimab, Cadonilimab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05904379.md - AK112 and Cadonilimab Combined With Chemotherapy for 1L Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ivonescimab, Cadonilimab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06646055.md - AK112 and Chemotherapy in First-line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Oxaliplatin and Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06951503.md - AK112 Combined With Chemotherapy Versus Durvalumab Combined With Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, Gemcitabine + cisplatin and Durvalumab in biliary tract cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06591520.md - AK112 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Advanced Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivonescimab, Carboplatin, Tislelizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05840016.md - AK112 Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Treatment for Resectable NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ivonescimab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05247684.md - AK112 or Placebo Plus Nab-Paclitaxel as First-line Treatment in Inoperable Locally Advanced/ Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivonescimab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06767527.md - AK129 Combination Therapy for Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pemetrexed, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06943820.md - ALASCCA (trial): A Nordic trial showing that three years of low-dose aspirin roughly halves recurrence in bowel cancers carrying a particular set of mutations, a biomarker-directed use of a drug that costs pennies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alascca.md - Aldoxorubicin versus investigator's choice in relapsed or refractory soft tissue sarcoma (trial): The phase 3 that was meant to bring the tumour-targeted doxorubicin aldoxorubicin to market: it did not meet its primary endpoint of progression-free survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aldoxorubicin-phase-3-sts.md - ALFA-0701 (trial): ALFA-0701 was the trial that rescued the first ADC: giving gemtuzumab in three small doses with chemotherapy improved event-free survival without the toxicity that got it withdrawn. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alfa-0701.md - ALINA (trial): Showed that giving an ALK pill after surgery, instead of chemotherapy, sharply reduces recurrence, including in the brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alina.md - ALKOVE-1 (trial): The registrational study of a fourth-generation ALK pill designed to work after lorlatinib and to spare the brain-related side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alkove-1.md - All Japanese Population: Belantamab Mafodotin Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone (Pd) Versus Bortezomib Plus Pd in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myelo (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06956170.md - Allogeneic PB103 (NK Cells) Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of donor-derived NK cell infusion in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Precision Biotech Taiwan Corp., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04616209.md - Almonertinib Versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy in Resected Stage II-IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR-sensitive Mutations (trial): A phase 3 trial of Aumolertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04687241.md - Alpelisib in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Lymphatic Malformations Associated With a PIK3CA Mutation. (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Alpelisib in childhood cancers, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05948943.md - AlphaBreak (FPI-2265) & AcTION (225Ac-PSMA-617) (trial): The phase 3 trials that will decide whether alpha-emitting PSMA drugs become the next step after Pluvicto. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alphabreak.md - ALPHAMEDIX-02 (trial): An alpha-emitting radioligand met all its primary endpoints, with responses in more than half of patients new to radioligand therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alphamedix-02.md - ALPINE (trial): The first head-to-head trial in which a newer BTK inhibitor was both safer and more effective than ibrutinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alpine.md - ALSYMPCA (trial): ALSYMPCA is the trial that won approval for the first alpha-emitting drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alsympca.md - ALTER 0303 (trial): The trial that showed anlotinib helps patients with lung cancer live longer after other treatments have failed, the basis of one of China's most used cancer pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alter-0303.md - AMPLIFY (trial): AMPLIFY is the trial behind the first all-oral, fixed-duration CLL regimen approved in the US (February 2026): 14 cycles of two pills, then stop. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amplify.md - AMPLIFY-7P (trial): The randomised test of an off-the-shelf KRAS vaccine after pancreatic surgery. It missed its primary goal in June 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amplify-7p.md - AMT-116 in Combination With AK112 in Patients With Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ivonescimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Multitude Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07590531.md - AMT-116 in Patients with Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AMT-116 in advanced solid tumours, run by Multitude Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06782334.md - AMT-253 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AMT-253 for injection in melanoma, run by Multitude Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06209580.md - An Adjuvant Study to Evaluate SMS001 (Paclitaxel) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by ToLymph Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06693336.md - An Early Access Study of Ivosidenib in Patients With a Pretreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivosidenib in biliary tract cancer, run by Servier Affaires Médicales, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05876754.md - An Early Phase Trial of RPTR-1-201 in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RPTR-1-201 in advanced solid tumours, run by Repertoire Immune Medicines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07293754.md - An Efficacy and Safety Study of Apalutamide (JNJ-56021927) in Combination With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone Versus Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone in Participants With Chemotherapy-naive Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Apalutamide, Abiraterone acetate and Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02257736.md - An Efficacy and Safety Study of Enzalutamide Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Versus Placebo Plus ADT in Chinese Patients With Metastatic Hormo (trial): A phase 3 trial of Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Astellas (Beijing) Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04076059.md - An Efficacy and Safety Study of Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) in Participants With Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Erdafitinib in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02365597.md - An Efficacy and Safety Study of JNJ-56021927 (Apalutamide) in High-risk Prostate Cancer Subjects Receiving Primary Radiation Therapy: ATLAS (trial): A phase 3 trial of Apalutamide and Bicalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02531516.md - An Efficacy and Safety Study of Luspatercept (ACE-536) Versus Placebo in Subjects With Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Associated Myelofibrosis on Concomi (trial): A phase 3 trial of Luspatercept in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04717414.md - An Efficacy and Safety Study of Oral Azacitidine (CC-486) as Maintenance Therapy in Chinese Participants With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Complete Remission (trial): A phase 2 trial of CC-486 in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05413018.md - An Efficacy Study of Adjuvant Treatment With the Personalized Cancer Vaccine mRNA-4157 and Pembrolizumab in Participants With High-Risk Melanoma (KEYN (trial): A phase 2 trial of Intismeran autogene, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by ModernaTX, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03897881.md - An Evaluation of NGM120 in a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study in Participants With Colorectal Cancer Who Have Cancer Cachexia. (trial): A phase 2 trial of NGM120 Q4W in colorectal cancer, run by NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07033026.md - An Exploratory, Multi-cohort Phase II Study of Combination Therapy With AK104 and AK112 for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cadonilimab, Ivonescimab in ovarian cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06560112.md - An Extension Study for Patients Previously Enrolled in Studies With Pelabresib (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Pelabresib, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06401356.md - An Extension Study in Participants Previously Enrolled in a Genentech and/or F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Sponsored Atezolizumab Study (IMbrella C) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Pemetrexed and Enzalutamide in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05112965.md - An Extension Study of Venetoclax for Subjects Who Have Completed a Prior Venetoclax Clinical Trial (trial): A phase 3 trial of Venetoclax in multiple myeloma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03844048.md - An Extension Study to Assess the Efficacy of Rina-S Compared to Treatment of Investigator's Choice in Participants With Platinum Resistant Ovarian Can (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rinatabart sesutecan, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Topotecan in ovarian cancer, run by Genmab, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07604766.md - An Open Label Dose Finding Study of PTT-4256 in Patients With Solid Tumours (RAISIC-1). (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PTT-4256 in advanced solid tumours, run by Pathios Therapeutics Pty Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06634849.md - An Open-Label Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-248 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of BCD-248 in multiple myeloma, run by Biocad, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06668792.md - An Open-label Dose Escalation and Expansion, Followed by a Phase II Study of Tulmimetostat (DZR123) and JSB462 (Luxdegalutamide) in Patients With Progressive Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (TulmiSTAR-01) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tulmimetostat DL1 QD in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07206056.md - An Open-Label Expanded Access Study of the Melphalan/Hepatic Delivery System (HDS) in Patients With Hepatic Dominant Ocular Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Melphalan in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by Delcath Systems Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05022901.md - An Open-label Phase 3 Study of Lutetium (177Lu) Oxodotreotide Injection in Subjects With Advanced Gastrointestinal Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lutetium (177Lu) Oxodotreotide Injection；long-acting Octreotide in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05884255.md - An Open-label Phase 3b Study of Ivosidenib in Combination With Azacitidine in Adult Patients Newly Diagnosed With IDH1m Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Ineligible for Intensive Induction Chemotherapy. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivosidenib and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Servier Affaires Médicales, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05907057.md - An Open-Label Phase lB/II Study of Glofitamab and Atezolizumab or Polatuzumab Vedotin in Adult Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Glofitamab, Atezolizumab, Obinutuzumab, Tocilizumab and Polatuzumab vedotin in hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03533283.md - An Open-label Study Comparing Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan Versus Observation in PSMA Positive OMPC. (trial): A phase 3 trial of FAP-2286 in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05939414.md - An Open-label Study of JSB462 (Luxdegalutamide) in Combination With Abiraterone in Adult Male Patients With Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Canc (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abiraterone acetate, Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06991556.md - An Open-label Study of Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan (AAA617) in Combination With ARPI Versus AAA617 in PSMA Positive First-line mCRPC (trial): A phase 2 trial of FAP-2286, Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06894511.md - An Open-Label Study to Enable Continued Treatment Access for Subjects Previously Enrolled in Studies of Ruxolitinib (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ruxolitinib, Capecitabine, Regorafenib in colorectal cancer, run by Incyte Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02955940.md - An Open-label Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Dato-DXd + Rilvegostomig vs SoC in Adult Participants With High-risk MIUC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rilvegostomig, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Enfortumab vedotin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07720284.md - An Open-label Study Using ASP-1929 Photoimmunotherapy in Combination With Anti-PD1 Therapy in EGFR Expressing Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab and Cemiplimab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, run by Rakuten Medical, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04305795.md - An Open-label, First-in-Human, Dose-Escalation and Dose-Expansion Phase I/II Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of SPR1020 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SRP1020 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai SciBrunch Therapeutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07359066.md - An Open-label, Multicenter, Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate HRS-7058 in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of HRS-7058 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07589569.md - An Open-label, Phase 2 Study of ACP-196 (Acalabrutinib) in Subjects With Mantle Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acalabrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02213926.md - An Open-label, Phase 2 Study of ACP-196 in Subjects With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acalabrutinib in waldenström macroglobulinaemia, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02180724.md - An Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial of TCC1727 Combination Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TCC1727 tablet 90mg in non-small-cell lung cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, endometrial cancer and melanoma, run by Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07371663.md - Andamertinib With or Without Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy Versus Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy in Patients With NSCLC Harboring Atypical EGFR Mutations (trial): A phase 2 trial of PLB1004 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Avistone Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07336732.md - Anetumab ravtansine versus vinorelbine in relapsed mesothelin-positive pleural mesothelioma (trial): The first randomised test of an antibody-drug conjugate in mesothelioma: no better than vinorelbine, which is why no ADC is approved for this cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anetumab-vs-vinorelbine-mpm.md - Anlotinib Hydrochloride Capsules Combined With Penpulimab Injection for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at High Risk of Recurrence. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Anlotinib, Penpulimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05862337.md - ANNOUNCE (trial): A PDGFRα antibody that had won accelerated approval on a small trial failed to improve survival in the confirmatory study and was withdrawn. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/announce.md - ANO31905 in Combination With Chemotherapy for CLDN18.2-Positive Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Anova Innovation Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07444541.md - Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapies of Camrelizumab in Combination With Pemetrexed and Carboplatin as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced or Metas (trial): A phase 2 trial of Camrelizumab, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by CrystalGenomics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05841472.md - Anti-tumour Activity of (177Lu) rhPSMA-10.1 Injection (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FAP-2286 in prostate cancer, run by Blue Earth Therapeutics Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05413850.md - APG-115 Alone or in Combination With APG-2575 in Recurrent or Refractory Neuroblastoma or Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of APG-115 in neuroblastoma, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05701306.md - APG-115 in Combination With PD-1 Inhibitor in Patients With Advanced Liposarcoma or Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in sarcomas, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04785196.md - APHINITY (trial): Adding pertuzumab after surgery helps women whose cancer had reached the lymph nodes, by a few percentage points, and does not help those with node-negative disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aphinity.md - APL-101 Study of Subjects With NSCLC With c-Met EXON 14 Skip Mutations and c-Met Dysregulation Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Vebreltinib in metastatic cancer and thyroid cancer, run by Apollomics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03175224.md - APT (adjuvant paclitaxel-trastuzumab) (trial): For small HER2-positive tumours, a gentle regimen of weekly paclitaxel plus trastuzumab gives excellent cure rates, avoiding harsher chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apt-trial.md - ARASENS (trial): Proved 'triplet therapy': adding darolutamide to hormone therapy plus chemotherapy reduces death by a third. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arasens.md - ARCHES (trial): Brought enzalutamide into first-line metastatic treatment, with an overall survival benefit confirmed in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arches.md - ARROW (thyroid cohorts) (trial): ARROW is the single-arm study behind the second RET inhibitor's thyroid approvals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arrow-thyroid.md - ARTEMIS-002: HS-20093 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Osteosarcoma and Other Sarcomas (trial): A phase 2 trial of HS-20093 in osteosarcoma, run by Hansoh BioMedical R&D Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05830123.md - ARTEMIS-006: HS-20093 in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of HS-20093 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Hansoh BioMedical R&D Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06007729.md - ARTEMIS-008：HS-20093 Compared With Topotecan in Subjects With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HS-20093 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06498479.md - Artesunate Vaginal Inserts for the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2/3) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Artesunate vaginal insert in vaginal cancer, run by Frantz Viral Therapeutics, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04098744.md - ARX788 in HER2-positive, Metastatic Breast Cancer Subjects (ACE-Breast-03) (trial): A phase 2 trial of ARX788 in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Ambrx, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04829604.md - ASCENT (trial): The trial that proved a TROP2 ADC could nearly double survival in heavily pretreated triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascent.md - ASCENT-03 (trial): Moved Trodelvy into first-line use for triple-negative patients who cannot receive immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascent-03.md - ASCENT-04 / KEYNOTE-D19 (trial): Showed that pairing an ADC with immunotherapy beats chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in first-line PD-L1-positive TNBC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascent-04.md - ASCENT-05 / OptimICE-RD (AFT-65, GBG 119, NSABP B-63) (trial): Tests whether giving a TROP2 ADC after surgery can cure more of the triple-negative patients whose cancer survived pre-surgery chemo-immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascent-05.md - ASCERTAIN-V (trial): ASCERTAIN-V is the study behind the first all-oral AML regimen, approved in May 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ascertain-v.md - Asciminib Monotherapy, With Dose Escalation, for 2nd and 1st Line Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Asciminib in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05384587.md - Asian Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan (IMMU-132) in HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan, Eribulin, Capecitabine, Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in advanced solid tumours, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04639986.md - ASK120067 Versus Gefitinib as First-line Treatment for EGFRm Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Limertinib run by Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04143607.md - ASKB589 in Combination With CAPOX and PD-1 Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced, and Unresectable G/GEJ Cancer. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CAPOX, Sintilimab, Tislelizumab in oesophageal cancer, run by AskGene Pharma, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05632939.md - ASKC202 Combined With Limertinib Versus Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC With MET Amplification/Overexpression After Failure of EGFR-TKI Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Limertinib, Carboplatin, Cisplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07109531.md - ASP-1929 Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) Study in Recurrent Head/Neck Cancer for Patients Who Have Failed at Least Two Lines of Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of ASP-1929 Photoimmunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Rakuten Medical, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03769506.md - ASPEN-09-03: A Study of Evorpacept in Combination With Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Evorpacept, Trastuzumab, Capecitabine, Eribulin, Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by ALX Oncology Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07007559.md - ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) (trial): In healthy older people, daily low-dose aspirin did not extend disability-free life and, unexpectedly, was linked with more cancer deaths. It changed guidelines against routine aspirin in the elderly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aspree.md - Assess Efficacy & Safety of Selumetinib in Combination With Docetaxel in Patients Receiving 2nd Line Treatment for v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral (trial): A phase 3 trial of Selumetinib, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01933932.md - Assess Efficacy and Safety of Durvalumab Alone or Combined With Bevacizumab in High Risk of Recurrence HCC Patients After Curative Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03847428.md - Assessing an Oral EGFR Inhibitor, Sunvozertinib in Patients Who Have Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR or HER2 Mutation (WU-KONG1) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sunvozertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03974022.md - Assessing Treatment of T-Cell Lymphoma With GW5282 in Combination With Golidocitinib (BEI-DOU3) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Golidocitinib in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07496229.md - Assessment of Anti-tumor and Safety in Glumetinib in Patients With c-MET-positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Glumetinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Haihe Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04270591.md - Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Monalizumab Plus Cetuximab Compared to Placebo Plus Cetuximab in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Monalizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04590963.md - Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of C019199 Plus Sintilimab in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sintilimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Fujian Haixi Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06220318.md - ASTRA (trial): Adding a MEK inhibitor to boost iodine uptake before ablation did not improve complete remission rates, cooling the 'redifferentiation for everyone' idea. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/astra.md - ASTRUM-005 (trial): In ASTRUM-005, a Chinese PD-1 antibody produced the longest first-line survival of the chemo-immunotherapy trials; it is now approved in Europe and the UK but not yet in the US. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/astrum-005.md - Atamparib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of atamparib escalation levels in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Nerviano Medical Sciences (Shanghai) Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07374419.md - Atebimetinib + GnP as a First Line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Atebimetinib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07562152.md - ATHENA-MONO / GOG-3020 (trial): A third PARP inhibitor showed the same pattern: longer disease control after first-line chemotherapy, biggest in tumours with faulty DNA repair. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/athena-mono.md - ATLANTIS (trial): Lurbinectedin's confirmatory trial missed its survival goal, but the drug stayed on the market because the combination tested was not the approved monotherapy dose. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atlantis.md - ATOMIC (Alliance A021502) (trial): Adding a year of immunotherapy to chemotherapy after surgery halved recurrences in stage III colon cancers with a broken DNA spell-checker. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atomic.md - Auger Molecular Therapy (AMT) for Malignant Cutaneous Lesions Treatment (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Auger Molecular Therapy (AMT) in advanced solid tumours, run by NanoRay Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04807257.md - AUGMENT-101 (trial): The trial that turned menin inhibition from an idea into the first approved drug for KMT2A-rearranged leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/augment-101.md - Aumolertinib with or Without Chemotherapy As 1st Line Treatment in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Sensitizing EGFR Mut (trial): A phase 3 trial of Aumolertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04923906.md - Autologous Dendritic Cells and Allogenic Dendritic Secretomes for Patients With Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Auto-DC (Autologous Dendritic Cell as Adjuvant Therapy) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by PT. Prodia Stem Cell Indonesia, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05261750.md - Autologous LN-145 in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of LN-145 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04614103.md - Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (GT101 Injection) in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine in cervical cancer, run by Grit Biotechnology, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06241781.md - Avelumab Program Rollover Study (trial): A phase 3 trial of Avelumab in advanced solid tumours, run by EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03815643.md - AVENTINE-1: Study of AVZO-1418 as a Single Agent and in Combination Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (AVZO-1418-1001) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AVZO-1418 in biliary tract cancer, bladder & urothelial cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, run by Avenzo Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07038343.md - AZD0120 in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (DURGA-1) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD0120 in multiple myeloma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05850234.md - AZD0305 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agents in Participants With Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Elranatamab, Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06106945.md - AZD0486 1L Therapy for Elderly or Unfit Participants With LBCL (trial): A phase 3 trial testing AZD0486 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07215585.md - AZD0486 as Monotherapy in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Surovatamig in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06137118.md - AZD0901 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumours Expressing Claudin18.2 (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sonesitatug vedotin, FLOT, FOLFIRI in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06219941.md - AZD2265 Compared With Standard of Care in PSMA-positive Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (VECTRA-01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of FPI-2265, Cabazitaxel, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07611110.md - AZD3470 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agent(s) in Participants With Haematologic Malignancies. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD3470, Pembrolizumab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06137144.md - AZD5335 vs. Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in FRα-high and AZD5335 vs. Chemotherapy in FRα-low Platinum-resistant Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing AZD5335 in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07218809.md - Azeliragon in MGMT Unmethylated Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Azeliragon in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Cantex Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05986851.md - AZUR-1 (trial): AZUR-1 is the registrational trial of the 'no surgery, no radiation, no chemo' approach for mismatch-repair-deficient rectal cancer, built on the MSK study where every patient had a complete response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/azur-1.md - Basket Study of Entrectinib (RXDX-101) for the Treatment of Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring NTRK 1/2/3 (Trk A/B/C), ROS1, or ALK Gene Rearrangeme (trial): A phase 2 trial of Entrectinib in colorectal cancer and melanoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02568267.md - Basket Study of Tucatinib and Trastuzumab in Solid Tumors With HER2 Alterations (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tucatinib, Trastuzumab and Fulvestrant in endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, biliary tract cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04579380.md - BAT1308 Combined with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy± Bevacizumab for PDL1-Positive (CPS ≥1) Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Cisplatin, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin in cervical cancer, run by Bio-Thera Solutions, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06123884.md - BC3195 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Biocity Biopharmaceutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07469774.md - BCD-236 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Relapsed and/or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of BCD-236 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Biocad, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07108309.md - BCG in Combination With Durvalumab in Adult BCG-naïve, High-risk NMIBC Participants (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05943106.md - BCMA-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Disease (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BCMA CAR-T cells in multiple myeloma, run by Chongqing Precision Biotech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04271644.md - BEACON-1: Study of AVZO-103 as a Single Agent and in Combination Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer or Other Solid Tumors (AVZO-103-1001) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AVZO-103 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Avenzo Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07193511.md - Beamion 44: A Study to Test How Well Zongertinib is Tolerated by People With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With HER2 Mutations When Given in Combination With Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zongertinib, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Pemetrexed and Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07486817.md - Beamion BCGC-1: A Study to Find a Suitable Dose of Zongertinib Used Alone and in Combination With Other Treatments to Test Whether it Helps People Wit (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zongertinib, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab emtansine in colorectal cancer, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06324357.md - Beamion LUNG-2: A Study to Test Whether Zongertinib (BI 1810631) Helps People With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With HER2 Mutations Compared With Standard Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zongertinib, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06151574.md - Beamion LUNG-3: Adjuvant Zongertinib vs Standard Treatment in People With Completely Resected Stage II-IIIB NSCLC Harboring Activating HER2 TKD Mutati (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zongertinib, Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07195695.md - Beamion PANTUMOR-1: A Study to Test Whether Zongertinib Helps People With Advanced Cancers With HER2 Alterations (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zongertinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06581432.md - BEAT-meso (ETOP 13-18) (trial): Adding atezolizumab to bevacizumab-chemotherapy slowed progression but did not lengthen survival overall; it did help patients with non-epithelioid tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beat-meso.md - BEATcc / ENGOT-Cx10 / GOG-3030 (trial): A second immunotherapy confirmed that adding a checkpoint inhibitor to chemotherapy plus bevacizumab extends life in advanced cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beatcc.md - Beginning Radiation Immediately With GammaTile at GBM Excision Versus Standard of Care (trial): A phase 3 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by GT Medical Technologies, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07195591.md - BELINDA (trial): The one second-line CAR-T trial that failed, a reminder that manufacturing time and trial design can erase a real effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/belinda.md - BELLWAVE-011 (trial): BELLWAVE-011 is Merck's bid to enter frontline CLL with a reversible BTK inhibitor, head to head against two approved covalent drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bellwave-011.md - Belvarafenib in Combination With Cobimetinib in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic NRAS-Mutant Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cobimetinib in melanoma, run by Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07449754.md - Belzutifan/MK-6482 for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Belzutifan in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04924075.md - BGB-43395 Plus Letrozole Versus CDK4/6i Plus Letrozole for Patients With Advanced or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer Who Have Not Received Prior Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Disease (trial): A phase 3 trial testing BGB-43395 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07492641.md - BI-1808 as a Single Agent and With Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA® ) in Treatment of Advanced Malignancies(Keynote-D20) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in ovarian cancer and melanoma, run by BioInvent International AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04752826.md - BI-1910 as a Single Agent and in Combination With Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BioInvent International AB, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06205706.md - BILCAP (trial): Six months of oral chemotherapy after surgery became the standard for bile duct cancer despite a technically negative primary result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bilcap.md - Biodistribution and Dosimetry of Ga-68 P16-093 in Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ga-68 P16-093 PET/CT scan in prostate cancer, run by Five Eleven Pharma, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03444844.md - Bioequivalence ANDA SNP Clinical Study - Raloxifene and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Raloxifene in advanced solid tumours, run by Han Xu, M.D., Ph.D., FAPCR, Sponsor-Investigator, IRB Chair, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06062810.md - Biomarker-Guided Dual-Target CAR-T Cells for Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07523529.md - BL-B01D1-307 (trial): The first phase 3 win for a bispecific ADC, in triple-negative breast cancer, announced February 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bl-b01d1-307.md - BL-M14D1 Plus Atezolizumab vs Standard of Care in First-Line Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (BrenDeLL-Lung01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab, Carboplatin, Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by SystImmune Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07625644.md - Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption Using Exablate Focused Ultrasound With Doxorubicin for Treatment of Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Doxorubicin in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by InSightec, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05630209.md - Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption Using Exablate Focused Ultrasound With Doxorubicin for Treatment of Pediatric DIPG (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Doxorubicin in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by InSightec, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05615623.md - Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) Opening Using Exablate Focused Ultrasound With Standard of Care Treatment of NSCLC Brain Mets (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Cemiplimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by InSightec, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05317858.md - BLUE-C (trial): The study behind Cologuard Plus: the new stool test caught 94% of bowel cancers and produced fewer false alarms than the original. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blue-c.md - BOLD-100 in Combination With FOLFOX for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Leucovorin, FLOT, Fluorouracil in colorectal cancer, run by Bold Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04421820.md - BOND-003 (trial): A cancer-killing virus instilled into the bladder produced complete responses in three quarters of patients whose BCG had failed, with almost no serious side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bond-003.md - Bovine Reinforcement in Stomach, Colorectal and Lung Operation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bioabsorbable Staple Line Reinforcemen in colorectal cancer, run by Shanghai Cingularbio Co. Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06968221.md - BOXR1030 T Cells in Subjects With Advanced GPC3-Positive Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CAR-GPC3 T Cells in hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, merkel cell carcinoma and sarcomas, run by Sotio Biotech Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05120271.md - BREAKWATER (trial): Doubled survival, from about 15 to about 30 months, in the worst-prognosis genetic subtype of bowel cancer by adding two targeted drugs to first-line chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breakwater.md - Brentuximab Vedotin Plus Lenalidomide and Rituximab for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL (trial): A phase 3 trial of Brentuximab vedotin, Rituximab, Lenalidomide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04404283.md - BRUIN CLL-321 (trial): The randomised trial that confirmed pirtobrutinib works after other BTK inhibitors fail, leading to full approval in December 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bruin-cll-321.md - BWEL (Breast Cancer Weight Loss, Alliance A011401) (trial): BWEL is a trial of more than 3,000 women testing whether losing weight after breast cancer treatment reduces recurrence. The programme achieved weight loss; the effect on recurrence was not clearly shown at the first analysis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bwel.md - BXQ-350 in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BXQ-350 in colorectal cancer, run by Bexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05322590.md - C-144-01 (trial): The single-arm study that got the first cell therapy for a solid tumour approved: one in three patients responded after everything else had failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/c-144-01.md - CA-4948-101: Open-Label, Dose Escalation and Expansion Trial of Emavusertib (CA-4948) in Relapsed or Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (R/R PCNSL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ibrutinib in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Curis, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03328078.md - CABINET (Alliance A021602) (trial): Cabozantinib tripled the time without progression in neuroendocrine tumours that had outgrown other treatments, leading to a 2025 approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cabinet.md - CaDAnCe-304 (trial): CaDAnCe-304 is the first phase 3 of a protein degrader in leukaemia, pitting BTK destruction against the best available BTK inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cadance-304.md - CAMBRIA-1 & CAMBRIA-2 (trial): CAMBRIA-1 and CAMBRIA-2 are two adjuvant trials enrolling close to 10,000 women with early hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer to test whether the oral oestrogen-receptor degrader camizestrant should replace today's adjuvant hormone tablets, either as a switch after two to five years or from the start. Results are awaited. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cambria.md - CameL (trial): The trial that made camrelizumab a first-line lung cancer option in China, one of several domestic PD-1 antibodies to reproduce the KEYNOTE-189 result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/camel.md - CAMPFIRE: A Study of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) in Participants With Ewing's Sarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abemaciclib and Temozolomide in ewing sarcoma, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05440786.md - Camrelizumab Combined With Famitinib Malate for Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Camrelizumab in cervical cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04906993.md - CAN-2409 Plus Prodrug With Standard of Care Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for Stage III/IV NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Aglatimagene besadenovec in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Candel Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04495153.md - Cancer Stem Cell Assay Directed Chemotherapy in Recurrent Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Standard Chemotherapy in ovarian cancer, run by Cordgenics, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03949283.md - CAPItello-281 (trial): CAPItello-281 delivered the first AKT inhibitor success in prostate cancer, for the ~25% of men whose tumours have lost PTEN. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capitello-281.md - CAPItello-291 (trial): Adding the AKT inhibitor capivasertib to fulvestrant doubled progression-free time, especially in tumours with PI3K-pathway mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capitello-291.md - Capivasertib + CDK4/6i + Fulvestrant for Advanced/Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer (CAPItello-292) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capivasertib, Fulvestrant, Palbociclib, Ribociclib and Abemaciclib in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04862663.md - Capivasertib+Fulvestrant asTreatment for Locally Advanced(Inoperable) or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer in Chinese Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capivasertib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06635447.md - Capivasertib+Paclitaxel as First Line Treatment for Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capivasertib in triple-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03997123.md - CAPSTONE-1 (trial): The trial that added Hengrui's PD-L1 antibody adebrelimab to chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer, with one of the larger survival gains seen in that disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/capstone-1.md - CAPTIVATE (trial): Fifteen months of two pills, then stop: three-quarters of patients had no detectable leukaemia in the blood, and most remained in remission years later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/captivate.md - CAR-T-19 Injection in the Treatment of CD19-positive Relapsed/Refractory B-ALL (trial): A phase 2 trial of CAR-T-19 cell injection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Beijing Yongtai Ruike Biotechnology Company Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06179524.md - Carcinoid Syndrome Efficacy Study Featuring an Oral Daily Paltusotine Regimen (trial): A phase 3 trial of Paltusotine in neuroendocrine tumours and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07087054.md - CARES-310 (trial): A PD-1 antibody plus an oral anti-VEGF pill beat sorafenib on survival, one of the largest benefits seen in liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cares-310.md - CARTITUDE-1 (trial): The study that showed one CAR-T infusion could keep a third of heavily pretreated myeloma patients progression-free for five years without further treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cartitude-1.md - CARTITUDE-4 (trial): The first randomised trial to show a CAR-T improves survival in myeloma, as early as second line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cartitude-4.md - CARTITUDE-5 (trial): Tests CAR-T as frontline consolidation instead of ongoing lenalidomide in patients not having a transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cartitude-5.md - CASPIAN (trial): Confirmed that adding a PD-L1 blocker to first-line chemotherapy helps in small-cell lung cancer, and showed that adding a second immunotherapy did not help further. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caspian.md - CATALINA-2: A Clinical Study of TORL-1-23 in Platinum-resistant Ovarian Cancer. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pegfilgrastim in ovarian cancer, run by TORL Biotherapeutics, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06690775.md - CATALINA-4: A Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of TORL-1-23 With Chemotherapy Given Before Initial Surgery in Women With Advanced Stage Ov (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer, run by TORL Biotherapeutics, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07322094.md - CD19-targeted CAR T Cells for Relapsed and Refractory (R/R) Mantle Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of CD19-targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells in mantle cell lymphoma, run by Shanghai Ming Ju Biotechnology Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04718883.md - CD19-targeted CAR T Cells for Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Large B-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Relmacabtagene autoleucel in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Shanghai Ming Ju Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06479356.md - CEB-01 in Locally Resectable Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Standard surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by CEBIOTEX, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06538857.md - CEB-01 in Paediatrics With Locally Resectable Abdominal Tumours (trial): A phase 2 trial of Standard surgery in childhood cancers, run by CEBIOTEX, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06986811.md - CELESTIAL (trial): Cabozantinib extended survival in previously treated liver cancer, including after two prior therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/celestial.md - CELESTIAL-TNCLL (trial): CELESTIAL-TNCLL tests the next-generation all-oral doublet against the current fixed-duration standard, with results expected from late 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/celestial-tncll.md - Cemiplimab in metastatic or unresectable NUT carcinoma (Northwestern pilot) (trial): The first dedicated immunotherapy trial in NUT carcinoma, asking whether a PD-1 antibody can do anything in a cancer that chemotherapy rarely controls. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cemiplimab-nut.md - CEPHEUS (trial): CEPHEUS extended the quadruplet advantage to patients who do not have a transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cepheus.md - Cevostamab in Combination With Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Cevostamab in multiple myeloma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07555938.md - CFI-402257, a Potent and Selective TTK Inhibitor, in Solid Tumors and With Fulvestrant in Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Treadwell Therapeutics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05251714.md - CHAARTED (E3805) (trial): The first trial to show chemotherapy at the start of hormone therapy prolongs life in metastatic prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chaarted.md - CHALLENGE (CCTG CO.21) (trial): The first randomised trial to show that a coached exercise programme after cancer treatment reduces recurrence and death, in colon cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/challenge.md - CheckMate 067 (trial): The trial with the longest immunotherapy follow-up: about half of patients on the combination are alive at 10 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-067.md - CheckMate 141 (trial): The first immunotherapy to extend survival in head and neck cancer, in patients who had progressed on platinum within six months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-141.md - CheckMate 205 (trial): Established PD-1 blockade in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma with ~70% response rates and seeded the frontline nivolumab-AVD idea. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-205.md - CheckMate 214 (trial): CheckMate 214 is the trial that brought dual immunotherapy to kidney cancer, with a survival advantage still visible eight years later and a fifth of patients in long-term remission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-214.md - CheckMate 274 (trial): A year of nivolumab after bladder or upper-tract surgery reduces recurrence and, with long follow-up, extends life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-274.md - CheckMate 548 & CheckMate 143 & CheckMate 498 (trial): CheckMate 548, 143 and 498 were three large trials, all negative: the immunotherapy that transformed melanoma and lung cancer did nothing in glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-548.md - CheckMate 577 (trial): A year of immunotherapy after surgery doubled the time before cancer returned in patients whose tumour had not fully responded to chemoradiation, though the survival gain did not reach significance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-577.md - CheckMate 648 (trial): Showed two immunotherapy options for squamous oesophageal cancer, including one with no chemotherapy at all, both extending survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-648.md - CheckMate 649 (trial): The trial that added immunotherapy to first-line stomach cancer chemotherapy; at five years, 16% of patients with PD-L1-rich tumours were alive versus 6%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-649.md - CheckMate 743 (trial): CheckMate 743 was the first immunotherapy trial to lengthen survival in mesothelioma, and gave the first new first-line option in 16 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-743.md - CheckMate 816 (trial): CheckMate 816 was the first trial to show that immunotherapy before lung cancer surgery improves survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-816.md - CheckMate 8HW (trial): Showed that a two-drug immunotherapy combination controls mismatch-repair-deficient bowel cancer for over four years on average, and beats immunotherapy alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-8hw.md - CheckMate 9DW (trial): Dual immune checkpoint blockade gave the longest median survival yet seen in a first-line liver cancer trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-9dw.md - CheckMate 9ER (trial): Nivolumab with cabozantinib doubled progression-free survival versus sunitinib and lengthened life, with quality of life preserved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/checkmate-9er.md - Chiauranib Plus Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients with Platinum-refractory or Platinum-resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Chiauranib in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04921527.md - Chidamide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma (R/R PTCL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tucidinostat (chidamide) in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Great Novel Therapeutics Biotech & Medicals Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05833724.md - Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) (trial): The largest study of what happens to children after cancer is cured. Following tens of thousands of survivors for decades, it showed that heart damage, second cancers and other late effects were common after older treatments, and that gentler modern protocols have already halved late deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ccss.md - China Subpopulation: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Belantamab Mafodotin, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Versus Daratumumab, Bortezomib and Dexame (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Daratumumab, Bortezomib in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06868654.md - Cinrebafusp Alfa in Combination With Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel in HER2-High Gastric or GEJ Adenocarcinoma and in Combination With Tucatinib in HER2-Low Gastric or GEJ Andenocarinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cinrebafusp alfa, Ramucirumab and Tucatinib in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05190445.md - CIRCULATE-Japan (GALAXY / VEGA / ALTAIR) (trial): Japan's national programme tests whether a blood test after surgery should decide who gets chemotherapy, and whether treating a positive test early helps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/circulate-japan.md - Cisplatin (CIS) Administered As Dry Powder for Inhalation (DPI) in Patients with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CIS-DPI in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Inhatarget Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06896890.md - ClarIDHy (trial): The first randomised trial of a targeted drug in bile duct cancer; it slowed the disease without shrinking it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/claridhy.md - CLARINET (trial): Lanreotide more than halved the risk of progression in gut and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clarinet.md - CLARITY-Gastric 01 (trial): The first ADC against Claudin 18.2 to prove it extends life, announced July 2026, giving stomach cancer its first ADC beyond HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clarity-gastric01.md - Claudin18.2 CAR-T (CT041) in Patients With Gastric, Pancreatic Cancer, or Other Specified Digestive Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CT041 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by CARsgen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04404595.md - CLEAR (KEYNOTE-581) (trial): The combination with the longest progression-free survival ever reported in first-line kidney cancer, at nearly two years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clear.md - CLEOPATRA (trial): Adding a second HER2 antibody, pertuzumab, extended survival by 16 months, the largest gain ever seen in metastatic breast cancer at the time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cleopatra.md - Clinical Studies for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Penpulimab and Tislelizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06825494.md - Clinical Studies of TQB2930 Injection for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TQB2102 and TQB2930 in advanced solid tumours, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07512583.md - Clinical Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of LM-108 ± Penpulimab+Chemotherapy in Advanced Solid Tumors - Cohort C (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Penpulimab and Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06821503.md - Clinical Study of Adebrelimab Therapy in the Perioperative Treatment of Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Adebrelimab and Oxaliplatin in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Shanghai Shengdi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07522151.md - Clinical Study of ARD103 CAR-T Therapy for Patients With R/R AML or MDS (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by ARCE Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06680752.md - Clinical Study of HRS-8080 in Combination With Dalpiciclib Isethionate Tablets in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dalpiciclib and HRS-8080 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06167694.md - Clinical Study of Ivonescimab for First-line Treatment of Metastatic NSCLC Patients With High PD-L1 (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivonescimab, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Summit Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06767514.md - Clinical Study of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride Liposome Injection vs. Chidamide in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory PTCL (trial): A phase 3 trial of Mitoxantrone and Tucidinostat (chidamide) in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04668690.md - Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-178 and Perjeta® as Neoadjuvant Therapy of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Biocad, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05802225.md - Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-263 and Opdivo® as Monotherapy in Subjects With Advanced Melanoma of the Skin (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab in melanoma, run by Biocad, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06640530.md - Clinical Study of TQB2868 Injection Combined With Anlotinib Capsule and Chemotherapy in the First-line Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Neoplasms (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine and Anlotinib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06767813.md - Clinical Study of Tumor Treating Fields Combined with Gemcitabine and Albumin-bound Paclitaxel in the First-line Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Jiangsu Healthy Life Innovation Medical Technology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05653453.md - Clinical Study of U16 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of U16 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Shanghai Unicar-Therapy Bio-medicine Technology Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05768529.md - Clinical Study of U32 in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of U32 CAR-T in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Shanghai Unicar-Therapy Bio-medicine Technology Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07036250.md - Clinical Study of VG161 in the Treatment of Advanced Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Recombinant Human IL12/15-PDL1B Oncolytic HSV-1 Injection (Vero Cell) in sarcomas, run by CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06126510.md - Clinical Study of XNW5004 Combined With CHOP/CHOEP in the Treatment of Untreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Evopoint Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07730515.md - Clinical Study of XNW5004 Tablets in the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of XNW5004 in follicular lymphoma, run by Evopoint Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07545603.md - Clinical Study on Adjuvant Therapy of TQB3616 Combined With Endocrine Therapy Compared With Placebo Combined With Endocrine Therapy in Patients With Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB3616 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05780567.md - Clinical Study on Savolitinib + Osimertinib in Treatment of EGFRm+/MET+ Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Savolitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hutchmed, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05009836.md - Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of LM-302 Injection Combined With Tislelizumab and Tislelizumab Combined Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing LM-302 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07385703.md - Clinical Study on the Treatment of MIBC Patients With SHR-A2102 Injection Combined With Adebrelimab (SHR-1316) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Adebrelimab and SHR-A2102 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06879145.md - Clinical Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the SpectraCure P18 System (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Verteporfin in prostate cancer, run by SpectraCure AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03067051.md - Clinical Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of SYS6045 in Patients With HER2-Positive, Expressing, or Mutated Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SYS6045 in advanced solid tumours, run by CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07122063.md - Clinical Trial Evaluating TQB6411 Injection in Participant s With Esophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TQB6411 in oesophageal cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07367516.md - Clinical Trial of Alpelisb and Tucatinib in Patients With PIK3CA-Mutant HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Alpelisib, Tucatinib and Fulvestrant in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Criterium, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05230810.md - Clinical Trial of BP1001 in Combination With With Venetoclax Plus Decitabine in AML (trial): A phase 2 trial of Decitabine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Bio-Path Holdings, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02781883.md - Clinical Trial of CNCT19 Cell Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of single dose of CNCT19 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04684147.md - Clinical Trial of HG146 Administered to Participants with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of HG146 in salivary gland cancers and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by HitGen Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06781567.md - Clinical Trial of N-803 Plus Tislelizumab or Prior Failed Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and Docetaxel Versus Docetaxel Monotherapy in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Have Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint In (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept, Tislelizumab and Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by ImmunityBio, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06745908.md - Clinical Trial of SIBP-03 in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Shanghai Institute Of Biological Products, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06194656.md - Clinical Trial of TQB2102 for Injection Versus Trastuzumab Emtansine for Injection in HER2-positive Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB2102 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07008976.md - Clinical Trial of TQB2825 Injection Combined Immunochemotherapy in Subjects With Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TQB2825 in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06829771.md - Clinical Trial of TQB2825 Injection Combined With Chemotherapy in Subjects With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine, Oxaliplatin and TQB2825 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Shanghai Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06854445.md - Clinical Trial of VBC103 in Patients With Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VBC103 in advanced solid tumours, run by VelaVigo Bio Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07299747.md - Clinical Trial of YH32364 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic EGFR Overexpressing Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YH32364 in advanced solid tumours, run by Yuhan Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06975410.md - Clinical Trial of YH32367 in Patients With HER2 Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YH32367 in advanced solid tumours, run by Yuhan Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05523947.md - Clinical Trial to Evaluate BO-112 in Patients With Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of BO-112 in basal cell carcinoma, run by Highlight Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06422936.md - Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tuspetinib (HM43239) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Venetoclax and Azacitidine in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms, run by Aptose Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03850574.md - Clinical Trial to Evaluate Zevor-cel (CT053) in Patients With Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (LUMMICAR STUDY 2) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zevorcabtagene autoleucel in multiple myeloma, run by CARsgen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03915184.md - Clinical Trial to Investigate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy of DA-4505 as a Single Agent and in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Adult Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06293651.md - Clinical Trials of Benmelstobart Injection Combined With Anlotinib Hydrochloride Capsules in the Treatment of Advanced or Unresectable Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Anlotinib in sarcomas, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07548177.md - CLL13 / GAIA (trial): In fit patients, one year of venetoclax plus obinutuzumab (with or without ibrutinib) clearly beat the old chemotherapy standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cll13-gaia.md - CLL14 (trial): One year of two targeted drugs, then nothing: more than half of patients were still progression-free six years later, off all treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cll14.md - CLOVER - CCR5-targeting Leronlimab With Oral Chemotherapy and VEGF-inhibitor Enriched Regimen (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in colorectal cancer, run by CytoDyn, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06699836.md - CodeBreaK 200 (trial): The first randomised trial of a KRAS drug: better than chemotherapy on progression, not on survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/codebreak-200.md - CodeBreaK 300 (trial): CodeBreaK 300 showed that a KRAS drug needs an EGFR antibody partner to work in colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/codebreak-300.md - COG AALL1731 (trial): In children with average-risk leukaemia, adding blinatumomab pushed three-year disease-free survival from 88% to 96%, one of the largest gains in decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aall1731.md - COG AAML0531 (trial): Adding the antibody-drug conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin to chemotherapy lowered the chance of relapse in children with acute myeloid leukaemia. Years after the drug had been withdrawn from the US market, this trial helped bring it back for children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aaml0531.md - COG ACNS0331 (trial): This trial asked whether children with average-risk medulloblastoma could safely receive less radiation. Shrinking the boost to the tumour bed was safe; cutting the dose to the whole brain and spine in young children was not, so 23.4 Gy remains the floor for most. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acns0331.md - COG ANBL0032 (trial): The trial that made anti-GD2 immunotherapy standard for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, improving survival by about 20 points. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anbl0032.md - COG ANBL0532 (trial): COG ANBL0532 showed that two transplants in a row beat one in high-risk neuroblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anbl0532.md - COG ANBL1531 (trial): COG ANBL1531 is the current North American high-risk trial, adding targeted radiation during induction and an ALK pill for children whose tumours carry ALK mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anbl1531.md - COG AREN0533 (trial): A risk-adapted Wilms tumour trial: children whose lung metastases vanished after six weeks of chemotherapy were spared lung radiation, while those with stubborn nodules or a high-risk chromosome pattern got stronger chemotherapy and did better than in the past. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aren0533.md - COLUMBIA-1: Novel Oncology Therapies in Combination With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab as First- Line Therapy in MSS-CRC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Durvalumab, Oleclumab, FOLFOX in colorectal cancer, run by MedImmune LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04068610.md - COLUMBUS (trial): COLUMBUS tested encorafenib-binimetinib, the third BRAF/MEK doublet, which has the longest median survival of the class and less fever than dabrafenib-trametinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/columbus.md - COMBI-AD (trial): A year of two targeted pills after surgery halves the risk of relapse in BRAF-mutant melanoma, and the benefit is still visible a decade later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/combi-ad.md - Combination Immunotherapy Plus Standard-of-Care Chemotherapy Versus Standard-of-Care Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept, Aldoxorubicin, Gemcitabine and Cyclophosphamide in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by ImmunityBio, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04390399.md - Combination of GNS561 and Trametinib in Patients With Advanced KRAS Mutated Cholangiocarcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trametinib in biliary tract cancer, run by Genfit, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05874414.md - Combination of TATE and PD-1 Inhibitor in Liver Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Teclison Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03259867.md - Combination Therapies With Adagrasib in Patients With Advanced NSCLC With KRAS G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adagrasib, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Mirati Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05609578.md - Combination Therapy of AK112 With Chemotherapy and/or Olaparib in Platinum-sensitive Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ivonescimab, Olaparib in ovarian cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06686030.md - Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Additional Treatment With Tislelizumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tislelizumab, Cisplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04379635.md - Comparing Tunlametinib Capsules and Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced NRAS-mutant Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tunlametinib run by Shanghai Kechow Pharma, Inc. in melanoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06008106.md - Comparison of Fulvestrant (FASLODEX™) 250 mg and 500 mg in Postmenopausal Women With Oestrogen Receptor Positive Advanced Breast Cancer Progressing or Relapsing After Previous Endocrine Therapy. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Fulvestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct00099437.md - COMPASSION-16 / AK104-303 (trial): A two-headed antibody that blocks two immune brakes at once extended survival in advanced cervical cancer regardless of PD-L1 status. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/compassion-16.md - COMPETE (trial): The first head-to-head trial of a radioligand against a targeted pill in neuroendocrine tumours; the radioligand won on progression-free survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/compete.md - Consolidation of First-Line MRD+ Remission With Cema-cel in Patients With LBCL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Allogene Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06500273.md - CONTACT-03 (trial): Continuing immunotherapy after it has failed, alongside a targeted pill, added nothing but side effects. The first definitive test of 'IO rechallenge'. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/contact-03.md - Continued Access Study for Participants Deriving Benefit in Pfizer-Sponsored Avelumab Parent Studies That Are Closing (trial): A phase 3 trial of Avelumab, Talazoparib, Pemetrexed in ovarian cancer, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05059522.md - CONVERT (trial): Settled the radiotherapy schedule debate in limited-stage disease: neither schedule was superior, so twice-daily 45 Gy remains standard and once-daily is an acceptable alternative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/convert.md - Copper Cu 64 PSMA I&T PET Imaging in Men With Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Copper Cu 64 PSMA I&T in prostate cancer, run by Curium US LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06235151.md - Cosiporfin Sodium for Injection Photodynamic Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in biliary tract cancer, run by Shanghai Guangsheng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07398339.md - COSMIC-313 (trial): The first triplet trial in kidney cancer slowed progression but did not help patients live longer, and added toxicity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cosmic-313.md - CPX-351 Study 301 (trial): Repackaging two old chemotherapies into liposomes doubled five-year survival in older adults with the worst kinds of AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cpx-351-301.md - CR-001 in Adult Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CR-001 in advanced solid tumours, run by Crescent Biopharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07335497.md - CROSS (trial): The trial that made chemotherapy plus radiation before surgery the standard for oesophageal cancer; the survival gain was still there ten years later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cross.md - CROWN (trial): The trial with the longest disease control ever seen for a targeted lung cancer pill: most patients still progression-free at five years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crown.md - CRYSTAL & FIRE-3 (trial): The trials that established EGFR antibodies in bowel cancer and discovered they only work when the RAS gene is normal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crystal-fire3.md - CVM-1118 in Combination With Nivolumab for Unresectable Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab in hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic cancer, run by TaiRx, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05257590.md - CW-301 FIH Study of CAN016 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CAN016 in advanced solid tumours, run by Canwell Biotech Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07664150.md - CYTO-PV (trial): CYTO-PV settled the most basic question in PV: keeping the haematocrit under 45 percent gives far fewer serious clots and cardiovascular deaths than a looser target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cyto-pv.md - D-1553 Tablet Versus Docetaxel Injection for KRAS G12C Mutation-positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Prior Standar (trial): A phase 3 trial of Garsorasib, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06300177.md - D-ALBA (GIMEMA LAL2116) (trial): The trial that showed Ph-positive ALL can be treated with a pill plus an immunotherapy and no chemotherapy, with 95% of patients alive at 18 months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/d-alba.md - D07001 Softgel-Capsules and Capecitabine Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing D07001 in biliary tract cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06622057.md - D9319C00001- 1L OC Mono Global RCT (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olaparib in ovarian cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04884360.md - DALY II Japan/MB-CART2019.1 for DLBCL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zamtocabtagene autoleucel in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07288879.md - DALY II USA/ MB-CART2019.1 for DLBCL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zamtocabtagene autoleucel, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, run by Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04792489.md - DAREON ® -Lung-1: A Study in People With Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer to Compare Obrixtamig Plus Atezolizumab, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab, Carboplatin, Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07472517.md - DAREON®-NEC-1: A Study in People With Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Cancer (epNEC) to Compare Obrixtamig Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide Treatment With Standard Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Carboplatin and Etoposide in neuroendocrine tumours, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07544654.md - DAREON™-5: A Study to Test Whether Different Doses of BI 764532 Help People With Small Cell Lung Cancer or Other Neuroendocrine Cancers (trial): A phase 2 trial of BI 764532, dose 1 in small-cell lung cancer and neuroendocrine tumours, run by Boehringer Ingelheim, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05882058.md - Datopotamab Deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) and Pembrolizumab With or Without Platinum Chemotherapy in 1L Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (TROPION-Lung07) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05555732.md - DAWNA-1 (trial): The trial that made dalpiciclib the first Chinese CDK4/6 inhibitor approved, more than doubling the time before breast cancer grew when added to fulvestrant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dawna-1.md - DAY101 vs. Standard of Care Chemotherapy in Pediatric Participants With Low-Grade Glioma Requiring First-Line Systemic Therapy (LOGGIC/FIREFLY-2) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tovorafenib in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Day One Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05566795.md - DB-1311 in Combination With BNT327 or DB-1305 in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of BNT324 and PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by DualityBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06953089.md - DECISION (trial): The first drug approved for thyroid cancers that stopped responding to radioactive iodine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/decision-sorafenib.md - DeeP-C (trial): The pivotal study for the first stool DNA test, showing it found more cancers than the standard stool blood test at the cost of more false positives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deep-c.md - DeFi (trial): The first randomised trial to show a drug controls desmoid tumours, with better pain and function. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/defi.md - DeLLphi-304 (trial): DeLLphi-304 was the first trial in which a T-cell engager improved survival in a common solid tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dellphi-304.md - DeLLphi-305 (trial): Tests whether adding the DLL3 T-cell engager to first-line maintenance can push median survival in extensive-stage disease past two years, as the phase 1b hinted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dellphi-305.md - DESKTOP III / ENGOT-ov20 (trial): Operating again at first relapse, in carefully selected women, added about seven months of life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/desktop-iii.md - DESTINY-Breast03 (trial): The head-to-head ADC trial where Enhertu beat Kadcyla by a wide margin, showing that payload and bystander effect matter. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-breast03.md - DESTINY-Breast04 (trial): Created a new category of breast cancer, HER2-low, by showing Enhertu works in tumours previously called HER2-negative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-breast04.md - DESTINY-Breast05 (trial): Enhertu cut recurrence or death by more than half compared with Kadcyla in women with cancer left after pre-surgery treatment, replacing the KATHERINE standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-breast05.md - DESTINY-Breast06 (trial): Moved Enhertu ahead of chemotherapy in hormone-positive breast cancer and extended it to 'ultralow' HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-breast06.md - DESTINY-Breast09 (trial): Showed Enhertu plus pertuzumab beats the decade-old first-line standard for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-breast09.md - DESTINY-Breast11 (trial): DESTINY-Breast11 brought Enhertu into pre-surgery treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, replacing anthracyclines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-breast11.md - DESTINY-Breast12 (trial): Enhertu shrank brain metastases in most patients, including those with untreated lesions, answering a question its earlier trials had excluded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-breast12.md - DESTINY-CRC02 (trial): Enhertu shrank about four in ten heavily pretreated HER2-positive bowel cancers, including ones that had already stopped responding to other HER2 drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-crc02.md - DESTINY-Endometrial01: A Phase III Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Plus Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab as First-Line Treatment of HER2-Expressing (IHC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Rilvegostomig, Pembrolizumab in endometrial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06989112.md - DESTINY-Gastric04 (trial): The first randomised proof that a HER2 drug beats standard chemotherapy in second-line stomach cancer: Enhertu added about three months of life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-gastric04.md - DESTINY-PanTumor02 (trial): DESTINY-PanTumor02 gave the HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate Enhertu to 267 patients in seven cohorts of HER2-expressing solid tumours, endometrial and cervical cancer among them. Endometrial cancer responded best, and in April 2024 the FDA granted the first tumour-agnostic HER2 approval, for tumours with the strongest HER2 staining and no satisfactory alternative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/destiny-pantumor02.md - DFP-10917 in Combination With Venetoclax in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Venetoclax in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Delta-Fly Pharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06382168.md - Diagnostic Performance of [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT Imaging in Patients With Newly-Diagnosed Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of PSMA-1007 F-18 run by ABX advanced biochemical compounds GmbH in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06122584.md - Different Doses of BI-1607 in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Ipilimumab, in Participants With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by BioInvent International AB, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06784648.md - Disitamab Vedotin With Pembrolizumab vs Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Urothelial Cancer Expressing HER2 (trial): A phase 3 trial of Disitamab vedotin, Pembrolizumab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05911295.md - DNA-guided Second Line Adjuvant Therapy for High Residual Risk, Estrogen Receptor Positive, HER-2 Negative Breast Cancer (DARE) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Palbociclib and Fulvestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Criterium, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04567420.md - DOC1021 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Refractory Melanoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DOC1021 in melanoma, run by Diakonos Oncology Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07288112.md - DOC1021 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Adult Glioblastoma (GBM) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Diakonos Oncology Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06805305.md - Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of MDX2001 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MDX2001 in biliary tract cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, oesophageal cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by ModeX Therapeutics, An OPKO Health Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06239194.md - Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of MDX2003 in Patients With Different Types of Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MDX2003 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, waldenström macroglobulinaemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by ModeX Therapeutics, An OPKO Health Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07249905.md - Dose Escalation Study of a PD1-LAG3 Bispecific Antibody in Patients With Advanced and/or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RO7247669 in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04140500.md - Dose Escalation Study of ZG006 in Participants With Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer or Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Followed by Dose Expansion Study in P (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZG006 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06283719.md - Dose Escalation Study of ZG006 in Participants With Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer or Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Followed by Dose Expansion Study in Participants With Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZG006 in neuroendocrine tumours, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06440057.md - Dose Escalation/Expansion Study of Mavrostobart (PT199), an Anti-CD73 mAb, Administered Alone and in Combination With a PD-1 Inhibitor or Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Mavrostobart, Tislelizumab, Gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Phanes Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05431270.md - Dose-defining Study of Tirapazamine Combined With Embolization in Liver Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tirapazamine in hepatocellular carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumours, run by Teclison Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02174549.md - Dose-finding and Dose Expansion Study of OSE-279 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of OSE2101 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by OSE Immunotherapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05751798.md - DP303c Versus Trastuzumab Emtansine in in Patients With HER2-positive Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab emtansine in her2-positive breast cancer, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06313086.md - DPX-Survivac and Pembrolizumab With and Without Intermittent Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide, in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymp (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Cyclophosphamide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by ImmunoVaccine Technologies, Inc. (IMV Inc.), now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04920617.md - DREAM3R (trial): The phase 3 test of durvalumab with chemotherapy was stopped early and did not meet its goal, despite an encouraging earlier study. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dream3r.md - DREAMM-7 (trial): The trial that brought the withdrawn myeloma ADC back, beating a daratumumab-based standard on progression and survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dreamm-7.md - DREAMM-8 (trial): DREAMM-8 is the second confirmatory win for belantamab, in lenalidomide-exposed patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dreamm-8.md - DREAMseq (ECOG-ACRIN EA6134) (trial): Settled the order question: for BRAF-mutant melanoma, start with immunotherapy and save the targeted pills for later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dreamseq.md - Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells Directed Against MSLN, EGFR, or HER2 in Advanced NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dual-target CAR-NK cells in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07467863.md - Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Breast Cancer (HER2+ and TNBC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine in her2-positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07486089.md - Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Breast Cancer HER2+ TNBC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dual-target CAR-NK cells in HER2-positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07510802.md - Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Biomarker-Selected Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB-DUO-CAR-NK-CEA/GCC (IV) in colorectal cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07462650.md - Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells in Recurrent or Refractory Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine in ovarian cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07589543.md - Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells Targeting Mesothelin (MSLN) and MUC1 in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07627711.md - Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells Targeting MSLN, EGFR, or HER2 in Advanced NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dual-target CAR-NK cells in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07641023.md - Dual-target CD70/CAIX CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine in renal cell carcinoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07551349.md - Dual-target CLDN18.2/HER2 CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Gastric/GEJ Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07551362.md - Dual-Target CSPG4/GD2 CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07627698.md - Dual-Target GD2/B7-H3 CAR-NK Cells for Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in neuroblastoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07502287.md - Dual-Target GPC3/B7-H3 CAR-NK Cells for Advanced HCC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07500220.md - Dual-Target HER2/CEA CAR-NK Cells in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in gallbladder cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07641036.md - Dual-Target MSLN/FAP CAR-NK Cells for Pleural and Peritoneal Mesothelioma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB-MF-CAR-NK-01, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in mesothelioma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07510815.md - Dual-Targeting CAR-NK Cells for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (MSLN, FRα, MUC16) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dual-target CAR-NK cell product in ovarian cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07480954.md - Dual-Targeting CAR-NK Cells for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (MSLN, FRα, MUC16) pt2 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cyclophosphamide in ovarian cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07617753.md - Dual-Targeting CAR-NK Cells in Biomarker-Selected Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB-DUO-CAR-NK-CEA/GCC in colorectal cancer, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07589517.md - Dual-Targeting CAR-NK Cells Targeting Mesothelin (MSLN) and MUC1 in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07480928.md - DUO-E / GOG-3041 / ENGOT-EN10 (trial): A third immunotherapy confirmed the benefit in dMMR disease and hinted that adding olaparib helps the mismatch-repair-proficient majority. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/duo-e.md - DUO-O / ENGOT-ov46 (trial): Adding immunotherapy and olaparib to bevacizumab slowed progression but has not improved survival, and the regimen is not approved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/duo-o.md - Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06992609.md - Durvalumab and Tremelimumab as First Line Treatment in Participants With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05883644.md - Durvalumab and Tremelimumab for Pediatric Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in childhood cancers, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03837899.md - Durvalumab and Tremelimumab With Lenvatinib as First-line Treatment in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07081633.md - Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab as First-line Treatment in Chinese Patients With uHCC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05557838.md - Durvalumab With Chemotherapy as First Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers (aBTCs) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Gemcitabine, Gemcitabine + cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in biliary tract cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05771480.md - Durvalumab With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) vs Placebo With SBRT in Early Stage Unresected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients/ Osimertinib Following SBRT in Patients With Early Stage Unresected NSCLC Harboring an EGFR Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab and Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03833154.md - DV Combined With Cadonilimab in Subjects With HER2-expressing Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma After Progression on First-line Therapy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Disitamab vedotin and Cadonilimab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06221748.md - DV in Combination With Pertuzumab With or Without Toripalimab Neoadjuvant Therapy With HER2-positive Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin, Pertuzumab and Toripalimab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06178159.md - DYNAMIC (trial): Showed that a blood test can safely halve the number of colon cancer patients given chemotherapy after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dynamic.md - DZD6008 Combination Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC With EGFR Mutation (TIAN-SHAN7) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07070440.md - DZD8586 Combination Therapy in Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (TAI-SHAN12) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DZD8586 in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07059650.md - DZD8586 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CLL/SLL (TAI-SHAN8) (trial): A phase 2 trial of DZD8586 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06539182.md - DZD9008 In Combination With Bevacizumab in Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC Patients With EGFR Mutation (WU-KONG29) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sunvozertinib and Bevacizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06276283.md - Early Phase Study of KESONOTIDE™in Participants With Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of A novel hGIIA-Vimentin Inhibitor in prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma & glioblastoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and skin cancer, run by Filamon LTD, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06926075.md - Early-phase Trial to Assess the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of BNT3214 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BNT3214 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07455734.md - ECHELON-1 (trial): Swapping bleomycin for the CD30 ADC in first-line chemotherapy improved survival in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, the first frontline survival gain in decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/echelon-1.md - ECLIPSE (trial): Curium's PSMA radioligand met its progression endpoint; survival data and an FDA filing are pending. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eclipse-psma.md - ECLIPSE (Shield blood test) (trial): The study behind the first approved blood test for bowel cancer screening: it found 83% of cancers but only 13% of advanced polyps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eclipse-shield.md - ECOG-ACRIN E1910 (trial): Proved that adding the immunotherapy blinatumomab to standard treatment saves lives even in patients whose leukaemia was already undetectable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/e1910.md - EF-14 (trial): The trial that made a wearable electric-field device part of glioblastoma care, extending median survival by about five months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ef-14.md - EF-41/KEYNOTE D58: Phase 3 Study of Optune Concomitant With Temozolomide Plus Pembrolizumab in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Temozolomide and Pembrolizumab in glioma & glioblastoma, run by NovoCure GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06556563.md - Effect of Theronomic Ova-All Care on Biomarkers of Ovarian Health in Adult Female With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (trial): A phase 2 trial of an investigational treatment in ovarian cancer, run by Wellizen Australia, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06963840.md - Effect of Trilaciclib in the Prevention of Myelosupression in Subjects With Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trilaciclib in small-cell lung cancer, run by Pharmacosmos A/S, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07473128.md - Effectiveness Study of Nivolumab Compared to Placebo in Prevention of Recurrent Melanoma After Complete Resection of Stage IIB/C Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab in melanoma, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04099251.md - Efficacy & Safety of Olvi-Vec and Platinum-doublet + Bevacizumab Compared to Physician's Choice of Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Ovarian Cancer (PRROC) (OnPrime, GOG-3076) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Olvimulogene nanivacirepvec in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05281471.md - Efficacy & Safety of Olvimulogene Nanivacirepvec & Platinum-doublet + Physician's Choice of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Compared to Docetaxel in NSCL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Olvimulogene nanivacirepvec, Nivolumab, Cemiplimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Genelux Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06463665.md - Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Niraparib to Placebo in Participants With Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Negative (HER2-) Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene Mutation (BRCAmut) or Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) With Molecular Disease (trial): A phase 3 trial of Niraparib in triple-negative breast cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04915755.md - Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of VS-101 in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by VSPharmTech Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06959082.md - Efficacy and Safety of a Single Dose of LS301-IT for Fluorescence Intraoperative Molecular Imaging (IMI) for Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Resection for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of LS301-IT 0.1 mg/kg in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Integro Theranostics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07276789.md - Efficacy and Safety of Activated T Lymphocytes (ATL) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of ATL administration in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Lukas Biomedical Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05304481.md - Efficacy and Safety of Furmonertinib in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion (trial): A phase 2 trial of Furmonertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05466149.md - Efficacy and Safety of Intravesical TARA-002 Compared With Investigator's Choice of Intravesical Chemotherapy in Participants With BCG-naïve High-grade Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TARA-002 in bladder & urothelial cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07480356.md - Efficacy and Safety of KN026 in Combination With HB1801 in the First-line Treatment of Subjects With HER2-positive Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HB1801 in HER2-positive breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05838066.md - Efficacy and Safety of L19TNF in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Stage or Metastatic Soft-tissue Sarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dacarbazine in sarcomas, run by Philogen S.p.A., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04733183.md - Efficacy and Safety of MB-CART2019.1 vs. SoC in Lymphoma Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zamtocabtagene autoleucel, Rituximab, Gemcitabine in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04844866.md - Efficacy and Safety of NB003 in Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing NB003 in gastrointestinal stromal tumour, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07379047.md - Efficacy and Safety of Nemtabrutinib (MK-1026) in Participants With Hematologic Malignancies (MK-1026-003) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nemtabrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04728893.md - Efficacy and Safety of Olaparib (MK-7339) in Participants With Previously Treated, Homologous Recombination Repair Mutation (HRRm) or Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) Positive Advanced Cancer (MK-7339-002 / LYNK-002) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Olaparib in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03742895.md - Efficacy and Safety of Orelabrutinib Combined With Rituximab Versus Lenalidomide Combined With Rituximab in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Marginal Zone Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Orelabrutinib, Rituximab and Lenalidomide in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06082102.md - Efficacy and Safety of Patidegib Gel 2% for Preventing Basal Cell Carcinomas on the Face of Adults With Gorlin Syndrome (trial): A phase 3 trial of Patidegib Topical Gel in basal cell carcinoma, run by Sol-Gel Technologies, Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06050122.md - Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (HR NMIBC) (MK-3475-676/KEYNOTE-676) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03711032.md - Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) Versus CRT Alone in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) (MK-3475-992/KEYNOTE-992) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mitomycin C and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04241185.md - Efficacy and Safety of SPH4336 in Combination With Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases. (trial): A phase 2 trial of SPH4336 in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05872347.md - Efficacy and Safety of Tenalisib in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tenalisib in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Rhizen Pharmaceuticals SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06189209.md - Efficacy and Safety of Tinengotinib Tablets Combined With Fulvestrant Injection in Patients With HR Positive and HER-2 Negative Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Have Failed Prior Treatment (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fulvestrant and Tinengotinib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by TransThera Sciences (Nanjing), Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07498478.md - Efficacy and Safety of Tunlametinib Plus Vemurafenib in Patients With BRAF V600E-mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tunlametinib run by Shanghai Kechow Pharma, Inc. in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06008119.md - Efficacy and Safety of TYRA-300 in Participants With FGFR3 Altered Low Grade, Intermediate Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of TYRA-300 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Tyra Biosciences, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06995677.md - Efficacy and Safety Study of Disitamab Vedotin + RC148 vs. Albumin-Paclitaxone ± Toripalimab in HR-/HER2-low Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin, RC148 and Toripalimab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06642545.md - Efficacy and Safety Study of REM-001 Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Cutaneous Metastatic Breast Cancer (CMBC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of REM-001 photodynamic therapy in advanced solid tumours, run by Kintara Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05374915.md - Efficacy and Safety Study of Tisotumab Vedotin for Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tisotumab vedotin, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin and Cisplatin in colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03485209.md - Efficacy Comparison of Cobolimab + Dostarlimab + Docetaxel to Dostarlimab + Docetaxel to Docetaxel Alone in Participants With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who Have Progressed on Prior Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy and Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Cobolimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04655976.md - Efficacy of Daromun Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Treatment in Clinical Stage IIIB/C/D Melanoma Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daromun in melanoma, run by Philogen S.p.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03567889.md - EGFR/HER2 Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of therascreen companion diagnostic kits, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07617805.md - EIK1005-002: A Clinical Research Study Evaluating EIK1005, a Werner Helicase Inhibitor, as Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Partic (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Eikon Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07262619.md - EIS-12656 as Single Agent and in Combination in Patients With Specified Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Olaparib and Trastuzumab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Eisbach Bio GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06525298.md - ELACESTRANT in Women and Men With CDK4/6 Inhibitor-Naive Estrogen Receptor Positive, HER-2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of Elacestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Stemline Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05596409.md - Elective vs therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer (Tata Memorial) (trial): A Tata Memorial trial ended a 50-year debate by showing that removing the neck lymph nodes at the first operation for early mouth cancer raises three-year survival from about two-thirds to four-fifths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elective-neck-dissection-tmh.md - ELEVATE-TN (trial): Six years on, most patients on acalabrutinib have still not progressed, and adding obinutuzumab also improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elevate-tn.md - ELIANA (trial): ELIANA was the global trial behind the first CAR-T approval: a single infusion of tisagenlecleucel put four in five children and young adults with relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and no options left into remission, and most responders were still in remission without further therapy at the five-year update. Severe cytokine release syndrome affected almost half. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eliana.md - EMBARK (trial): Showed that treating a fast-rising PSA after surgery or radiation with enzalutamide delays spread. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/embark.md - EMBER-3 (trial): An oral SERD that works alone in ESR1-mutant tumours and, combined with abemaciclib, doubles progression-free time in everyone regardless of mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ember-3.md - EMERALD (trial): The first oral oestrogen-receptor degrader to beat standard hormone therapy, with the benefit concentrated in tumours carrying ESR1 mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emerald.md - EMERALD-1 (trial): The first trial to show that adding immunotherapy and an anti-VEGF drug to TACE delays progression in intermediate-stage liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emerald-1.md - EMERALD-3 (trial): In 2026 a dual-immunotherapy regimen plus lenvatinib added to TACE cut the risk of progression by about 30%; whether it extends life is not yet known. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emerald-3.md - EMPOWER-Cervical 1 / GOG-3016 / ENGOT-cx9 (trial): The first immunotherapy to extend life in recurrent cervical cancer, approved in Europe but declined by the FDA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/empower-cervical-1.md - ENB003 Plus Pembrolizumab Phase 1b/2a in Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by ENB Therapeutics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04205227.md - Enfortumab Vedotin in Combination With Pembrolizumab vs. Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in People With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (EV-309) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Enfortumab vedotin, Cisplatin, Mitomycin C, Gemcitabine and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07566156.md - Enhanced Dermatological Care to Reduce Rash and Paronychia in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGRF)-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treated First-line With Amivantamab Plus Lazertinib (trial): A phase 2 trial of Amivantamab and Lazertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06120140.md - ENVAFOLIMAB Single-agent Treatment in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Envafolimab in advanced solid tumours, run by 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04891198.md - EORTC 26981 / NCIC CE.3 (Stupp trial) (trial): The 2005 trial that set the treatment every glioblastoma patient still receives. Nothing has replaced it in twenty years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eortc-26981.md - EPCORE DLBCL-1 (trial): Epcoritamab delayed progression but did not clearly extend life versus chemotherapy in relapsed lymphoma, missing its US primary endpoint in January 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epcore-dlbcl-1.md - EPCORE DLBCL-2 (trial): Tests whether adding a bispecific to first-line chemotherapy cures more patients up front. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epcore-dlbcl-2.md - EPCORE NHL-1 (trial): EPCORE NHL-1 was the pivotal single-arm study behind epcoritamab's approval; about half of complete responders are still in remission at three years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epcore-nhl-1.md - ERGO2: ketogenic diet and fasting during re-irradiation of recurrent glioma (trial): The only randomised trial of a ketogenic diet in brain tumours found no benefit. Patients could follow the diet and their ketone levels rose, but progression came just as quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ergo2.md - ESCORT-1st (trial): ESCORT-1st is China's first-line immunotherapy trial for squamous oesophageal cancer, one of five that together made chemo-immunotherapy the global standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/escort-1st.md - ESTIMABL2 (trial): Proved that most people with small, low-risk thyroid cancers can skip radioactive iodine after surgery without any increase in recurrence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/estimabl2.md - ET140203 T Cells in Pediatric Subjects With Hepatoblastoma, HCN-NOS, or Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ET140203 T Cells in hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Eureka Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04634357.md - EURAMOS-1 (trial): The largest osteosarcoma trial ever run, across four cooperative groups on two continents. Neither adding interferon for good responders nor adding ifosfamide and etoposide for poor responders improved outcomes, so three-drug MAP chemotherapy remained the standard and the field turned to new biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/euramos-1.md - Euro Ewing 2012 (trial): The American Ewing sarcoma regimen beat the European one in a head-to-head trial, unifying practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/euro-ewing-2012.md - EV-302 / KEYNOTE-A39 (trial): Nearly doubled survival in advanced bladder cancer, ending 40 years of platinum chemotherapy as the standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ev-302.md - EV-303 / KEYNOTE-905 (trial): For patients who cannot have cisplatin, the ADC-immunotherapy pair around surgery cut the risk of recurrence or death by 60% and the risk of death by half. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ev-303.md - EV-304 / KEYNOTE-B15 (trial): The trial that could replace chemotherapy before bladder removal in fit patients with an ADC plus immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ev-304.md - Evaluate Optimization of CRS Profile for Glofit Monotherapy and Glofit+GemOx in R/R Aggressive B-NHL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Obinutuzumab, Glofitamab, Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in hodgkin lymphoma, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06806033.md - Evaluate the Clinical Usefulness of [F-18]Florastamin PET/CT Imaging Diagnosis Compared to MRI Diagnosis (trial): A phase 3 trial of Florastamin F-18 run by FutureChem, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05004285.md - Evaluate the Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of 9-valent HPV Recombinant Vaccine in Chinese Healthy Females (trial): A phase 3 trial of HPV quadrivalent vaccine in cervical cancer and vulvar cancer, run by Shanghai Bovax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04422366.md - Evaluate the Safety and Clinical Activity of HH2853 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HH2853 Tablets in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, epithelioid sarcoma and peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Haihe Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04390737.md - Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of EVM14 Alone and in Combination in Patients With Selected Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Everest Medicines (Beijing) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07095868.md - Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Verity-BCG in BCG-naïve Patients With Intermediate and High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder (NMIBC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: Strain Russian BCG-I in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Verity Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05037279.md - Evaluation of a Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent in Prostate Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MT218 injection in prostate cancer, run by Songqi Gao, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06262139.md - Evaluation of Co-formulated Pembrolizumab/Quavonlimab (MK-1308A) Versus Other Treatments in Participants With Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Favezelimab in colorectal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04895722.md - Evaluation of Gixam's Performance in a FIT Negative Population (trial): A phase 2 trial of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in colorectal cancer, run by Jubaan Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06612281.md - Evaluation of ICP-B208 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ICP-B208 in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07617493.md - Evaluation of Lasofoxifene Combined With Abemaciclib Compared With Fulvestrant Combined With Abemaciclib in Locally Advanced or Metastatic ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer With an ESR1 Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abemaciclib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by LeonaBio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05696626.md - Evaluation of NuvastaticTM in Reducing Cancer-Related Fatigue in Colon Cancer Patients Undergoing First-Line Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nuvastatic™ in colorectal cancer, run by Natureceuticals Sdn Bhd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07669519.md - Evaluation of PK, PD, Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of IV Ravulizumab in Pediatric Participants With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ravulizumab in childhood cancers, run by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05644561.md - Evaluation of RBS2418 in Patients With Advanced, Metastatic, and Progressive Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of RBS2418 in colorectal cancer, run by Riboscience, LLC., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06824064.md - Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy in BEY1107 in Monotherapy Gemcitabine Combination in Patient with Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by BeyondBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03579836.md - Evaluation of the Preliminary Efficacy and Safety of DR30206 in Combination With Standard Therapy in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine and Leucovorin (folinic acid) in advanced solid tumours, run by Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07056777.md - Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Abenacianine (VGT-309) to Identify Cancer in Subjects Undergoing Surgery for Cancer in the Lung (trial): A phase 3 trial of Abenacianine in advanced solid tumours, run by Vergent Bioscience, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07499674.md - Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Treatment w/High Dose Melphalan Given Directly Into the Liver Followed by Treatment w/Approved Cancer Treatme (trial): A phase 2 trial of Melphalan, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Delcath Systems Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06607458.md - Evaluation of the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of NBM-BMX in Patients With Metastatic Uveal Melanoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of NBM-BMX Capsule are proprietary products developed by Novelwise Pharmaceutical Corporation (Novelwise) for treatment of patients suffering from cancers. in uveal melanoma, run by Novelwise Pharmaceutical Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07136181.md - Evaluation of TQ-B3234 Capsules in Patients With Symptomatic, Non-Surgical Type 1 Neurofibromatosis-Associated Plexiform Neurofibromas (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQ-B3234 in rare cancers of childhood, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07407803.md - Evaluation of TQB3616 Capsules in a Phase II Clinical Trial for Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fulvestrant and TQB3616 in advanced solid tumours, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06702618.md - Evaluation of Two Dose Levels of Quizartinib as Maintenance in FLT3-ITD (+) Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Complete Remission (trial): A phase 2 trial of Quizartinib in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06824168.md - evERA (trial): In evERA, pairing an oral SERD with everolimus after CDK4/6 failure delayed progression by more than three months, and by four and a half months in ESR1-mutant tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evera.md - Evexomostat Plus PI3K or AKT Inhibitor and Fulvestrant in Patients With a PI3K Alteration and HR+/Her2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Evexomostat in advanced solid tumours, run by SynDevRx, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05455619.md - Evorpacept (ALX148) in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASPEN-04) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Evorpacept, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by ALX Oncology Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04675333.md - Evorpacept (ALX148) in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASPEN-03) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Evorpacept, Pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by ALX Oncology Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04675294.md - eXalt3: Study Comparing X-396 (Ensartinib) to Crizotinib in ALK Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ensartinib, Crizotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Xcovery Holdings, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02767804.md - Exploratory Study of Super DC Cell Injection in Preventing Recurrence After Radical Surgery for Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Super DC Vaccine in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Cell Therapy Group Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07146672.md - Extended Access of Momelotinib in Adults With Myelofibrosis (trial): A phase 2 trial of MMB in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03441113.md - Extension Study for Participants in Studies That Include Belzutifan (MK-6482-043/LITESPARK-043) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belzutifan, Nivolumab, Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07405164.md - Extension Study of P1101 After Completion of Phase 2 Study in PV Patients or Phase 3 Study in ET Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ropeginterferon alfa-2b in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by PharmaEssentia Japan K.K., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04655092.md - Extension Study to Provide Continued Treatment for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Previously Enrolled in Studies With Tafasitamab (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tafasitamab in advanced solid tumours, run by Incyte Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06465433.md - EXTREME (trial): The regimen that defined first-line treatment for advanced head and neck cancer from 2008 until immunotherapy replaced it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/extreme.md - FCN-338 in Combination With Azacitidine or Chemotherapy in Myeloid Neoplasms (trial): A phase 2 trial of Azacitidine in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co. Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06858618.md - FDA018-ADC vs Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy to Treat Locally Advanced, Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing FDA018-ADC in triple-negative breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06519370.md - Feasibility of the LUM Imaging System for Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LUM015 in colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, oesophageal cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Lumicell, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02584244.md - Feasibility Study to Treat Lung Cancer With the Permanently Implantable LDR CivaSheet® (trial): A phase 2 trial of CivaSheet in advanced solid tumours, run by CivaTech Oncology, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03290534.md - FELIX (trial): The trial that showed a gentler CAR-T design could treat adult ALL with a fraction of the severe side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/felix.md - Fianlimab + cemiplimab phase 3 (first-line melanoma) (trial): A second LAG-3 blocker failed to beat pembrolizumab alone, a warning that the Opdualag result is not automatically a class effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fianlimab-phase3-melanoma.md - FID-007 and Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of FID007 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Fulgent Pharma LLC., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06332092.md - FIGHT-202 (trial): FIGHT-202 is the single-arm study that produced the first targeted approval in bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fight-202.md - FiH Study to Investigate Safety, PK and Efficacy of the NaPi2b ADC TUB-040 in Patients With PROC or r/r Adenocarcinoma NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TUB-040 in ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Tubulis GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06303505.md - FIH Trial of VERT-002 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors With MET Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VERT-002 in advanced solid tumours, run by Pierre Fabre Medicament, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06669117.md - FIH XON7 in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XON7 in advanced solid tumours, run by Xenothera SAS, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06154291.md - FIREFLY-1 (trial): FIREFLY-1 showed that a once-weekly pill, tovorafenib, shrinks most relapsed childhood low-grade gliomas driven by BRAF changes, including the common KIAA1549-BRAF fusion that older BRAF drugs could not treat safely. It led to the first approval of a drug for this disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/firefly-1.md - FIRES & SENTOR (sentinel node mapping) (trial): Mapping and removing only the first draining lymph nodes finds spread as reliably as removing all of them, with far less lymphoedema. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fires-sentor.md - Firmonertinib Versus Platinum Based Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for NSCLC With EGFR PACC or EGFR l861q Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pemetrexed, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06956001.md - First in Human Phase1/2a Clinical Trial of Anti-PAUF Monoclonal Antibody PBP1510 in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Prestige Biopharma Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05141149.md - First in Human Study of T3P-Y058-739 (T3P) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by T3 Pharmaceuticals AG, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05120596.md - First in Human Study of TUB-030 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TUB-030 in small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, run by Tubulis GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06657222.md - First in Human Study to Evaluate AZD9793 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD9793 in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06795022.md - FIRST-308 (trial): The first phase 3 trial for patients whose bile duct cancer has outgrown the existing FGFR drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/first-308.md - First-in-Human Investigation of JMT108 Injection in Participants With Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab and Ivonescimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06877650.md - First-in-human Study Aiming to Characterize the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic and Preliminary Signs of Activity of ABD-3001 in Refractory or Relapsed AML and High Risk MDS Adult Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ABD-3001 in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Advanced BioDesign, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05601726.md - First-in-human Study of 7MW4911 in GI Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 7MW4911 in advanced solid tumours, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07216560.md - First-in-human Study of 7MW4911 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 7MW4911 in advanced solid tumours, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07265622.md - First-in-Human Study of ADCE-D01 in Soft Tissue Sarcoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in sarcomas, run by Adcendo ApS, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06797999.md - First-in-Human Study of BBT-207 in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Mutation After Treatment With EGFR TKI (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BBT-207 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Bridge Biotherapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05920135.md - First-in-human Study of CRB-601-01 to Treat Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CRB-601 monoclonal antibody in advanced solid tumours, run by Corbus Pharmaceuticals Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06603844.md - First-in-human Study of DB-1305/BNT325 for Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab and PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by DualityBio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05438329.md - First-in-human Study of DB-1419 for Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DB-1419 in advanced solid tumours, run by DualityBio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06554795.md - First-in-Human Study of DS-3939a in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DS-3939a in advanced solid tumours, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05875168.md - First-in-Human Study of ICT01 in Patients With Advanced Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IV ICT01 in advanced solid tumours, run by ImCheck Therapeutics, an Ipsen company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04243499.md - First-In-Human Study of STX-721/PFL-721 in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR or HER2 Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of STX-721/PFL-721 (Escalated) in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Pierre Fabre Medicament, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06043817.md - First-in-Human Study of Tersolisib (STX-478) as Monotherapy and in Combination With Other Antineoplastic Agents in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant, Ribociclib, Palbociclib, Exemestane, Tamoxifen and Abemaciclib in advanced solid tumours, run by Eli Lilly and Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05768139.md - First-in-Human Study of the GDF-15 Neutralizing Antibody Visugromab (CTL-002) in Patients With Advanced Cancer (GDFATHER) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Visugromab and Nivolumab in advanced solid tumours, run by CatalYm GmbH, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04725474.md - First-in-Human Study of XMT-1536 in Cancers Likely to Express NaPi2b (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of upifitamab rilsodotin in ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Mersana Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03319628.md - First-in-Human Study to Evaluate AZD8359 STEAP2 TCE in Participants With Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD8359 in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07529717.md - First-in-human Trial of EGL-001 in Patients with Selected Advanced And/or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EGL-001 in advanced solid tumours, run by Egle Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06622486.md - First-in-human Trial of STC-1010, an Immunotherapy, in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of STC-1010 + IS regimen + SOC therapy in colorectal cancer, run by Brenus Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06934538.md - First-in-Human Trial of VBC101 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VBC101 in advanced solid tumours, run by VelaVigo Bio Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07136779.md - First-in-Human Trial of VBC108 in Participants With Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VBC108 in advanced solid tumours, run by VelaVigo Bio Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07700160.md - First-Time-in-Human Study of GSK5471713 in Adults With mCRPC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GSK5471713 in prostate cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07332455.md - FK-PC101 as Adjuvant Therapy for Men With High-Risk Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of FK-PC101 in prostate cancer, run by Cellvax Therapeutics Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06636682.md - FLAURA2 (trial): Adding chemotherapy to osimertinib extended both progression-free and, in 2025, overall survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flaura2.md - FMT plus pembrolizumab in anti-PD-1-refractory melanoma (Pittsburgh) (trial): Fifteen melanoma patients whose immunotherapy had failed received a stool transplant from someone whose immunotherapy had worked, then restarted the drug. Six of them benefited, including three with lasting responses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fmt-pd1-refractory-melanoma-pitt.md - FOENIX-CCA2 (trial): Futibatinib produced responses in over 40% of patients whose bile duct cancer carried an FGFR2 fusion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/foenix-cca2.md - FOG-001 in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FLOT, CAPOX, Nivolumab in colorectal cancer and metastatic cancer, run by Parabilis Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05919264.md - FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab With or Without Pelareorep for Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic RAS-Mutated, Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bevacizumab, FOLFIRI in colorectal cancer, run by Oncolytics Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07446322.md - FOLFIRINOX Versus OncoSil™ in Addition to FOLFIRINOX in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by OncoSil Medical Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05466799.md - FORTIFI-HN01 (trial): A bifunctional antibody that blocks EGFR and soaks up TGF-beta, aiming to make HPV-negative head and neck tumours respond to immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fortifi-hn01.md - FORTITUDE-101 (trial): A new target, FGFR2b, showed a survival gain at first look that shrank with longer follow-up, and the trial did not include the immunotherapy patients now routinely get. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fortitude-101.md - FOURLIGHT-1 (trial): In FOURLIGHT-1, a CDK4-only inhibitor designed to avoid the low blood counts of current CDK4/6 drugs improved progression-free survival in second line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fourlight-1.md - FPI-2265 (225Ac-PSMA-I&T) and Olaparib for Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of FPI-2265, Olaparib in prostate cancer, run by Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06909825.md - FRESCO-2 (trial): A selective VEGF-receptor pill gave a modest but real survival gain in patients with no remaining standard treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fresco-2.md - frontMIND (trial): The first frontline regimen to beat R-CHOP in high-risk large B-cell lymphoma since rituximab, by adding a CD19 antibody and lenalidomide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frontmind.md - FUMANBA-1 (trial): The single-arm trial that won eque-cel its approval in China, with almost every patient responding and most reaching deep remissions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fumanba-1.md - FURLONG (trial): The head-to-head trial in which furmonertinib nearly doubled the time before lung cancer grew compared with gefitinib, mirroring FLAURA with a Chinese drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/furlong.md - Futibatinib (TAS-120) in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Futibatinib, Zimberelimab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in biliary tract cancer, run by Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07710885.md - Futibatinib in Patients Previously Enrolled in an Antecedent Futibatinib as Monotherapy or Combination Therapy. (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Futibatinib, Fulvestrant in metastatic cancer, run by Taiho Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06506955.md - Galinpepimut-S Versus Investigator's Choice of Best Available Therapy for Maintenance in AML CR2/CRp2 (trial): A phase 3 trial of Azacitidine, Venetoclax, Decitabine and Cytarabine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Sellas Life Sciences Group, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04229979.md - GD2-CART01 (Bambino Gesù phase 1/2) (trial): GD2-CART01 was the first CAR-T to produce durable complete remissions in a childhood solid tumour: two-thirds responded and a third achieved complete remission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gd2-cart01.md - Gedatolisib in Combination With Darolutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gedatolisib, Darolutamide in prostate cancer, run by Celcuity Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06190899.md - Gedatolisib Plus Fulvestrant With or Without Palbociclib vs Standard-of-Care for the Treatment of Patients With Advanced or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer (VIKTORIA-1) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gedatolisib, Palbociclib, Fulvestrant and Alpelisib in advanced solid tumours, run by Celcuity Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05501886.md - Gefitinib vs gefitinib plus pemetrexed-carboplatin in EGFR-mutant lung cancer (Tata Memorial) (trial): An Indian trial showed that adding standard chemotherapy to the cheap first-generation pill gefitinib doubled the time lung cancer stayed controlled and cut deaths by more than half. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gefitinib-chemo-tmh.md - GEMSTONE-302 (trial): The trial behind sugemalimab's approval in China and later Europe, showing a PD-L1 antibody plus chemotherapy delays progression in both main types of lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemstone-302.md - GEN1042 Safety Trial and Anti-tumor Activity in Participants With Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04083599.md - Gene Therapy for CD19-Positive Hematologic Malignancies (SENTRY-CD19) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dose Level 1, VNX-101 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, run by Vironexis Biotherapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06533579.md - Gene Therapy for HER-Positive Cancer (SENTRY-HER2) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Dose Level 1, VNX-202 in advanced solid tumours, run by Vironexis Biotherapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07192432.md - GHSG HD21 (trial): A new brentuximab-based intensive regimen matched Europe's most effective (and most toxic) chemotherapy with far fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hd21.md - GI-101/GI-101A as a Single Agent or in Combination With Pembrolizumab or Lenvatinib in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Lenvatinib in cervical cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by GI Innovation, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04977453.md - Givastomig Combined With Nivolumab and Chemotherapy in Adults With CLDN18.2 Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer (GIVA-2) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab, FLOT, CAPOX in metastatic cancer, run by I-Mab Biopharma US Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07432295.md - GKL-006 Injection Plus TACE Versus TACE Alone in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of GKL-006 Injection in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Beijing Gene Key Life Technology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07209813.md - Gleolan for Visualization of Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (OVA-302) (trial): A phase 3 trial of 5-Aminolevulinic acid in ovarian cancer, run by NX Development Corp, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05804370.md - Glioblastoma Treatment With Irradiation and Olaptesed Pegol (NOX-A12) in MGMT Unmethylated Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Bevacizumab, Pembrolizumab and Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by TME Pharma AG, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04121455.md - GLOW (trial): Fifteen months of two oral drugs cut the risk of progression by nearly 80% versus chemoimmunotherapy in older patients, and later showed a survival advantage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/glow.md - Glufosfamide Versus 5-FU in Second Line Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Glufosfamide in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Eleison Pharmaceuticals LLC., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01954992.md - GM1 Prophylaxis for Nab-paclitaxel-associated Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) in Patients With Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of GM1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06994507.md - GM103 Intratumoral Injection in Patients With Locally Advanced, Unresectable, Refractory and/or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma and colorectal cancer, run by GeneMedicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06265025.md - GOG-0218 & ICON7 (bevacizumab) (trial): Adding the blood-vessel blocker bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy delayed relapse by a few months but did not extend life overall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gog-0218-icon7.md - GOLSEEK-1 (trial): GOLSEEK-1 is a recruiting phase 3 that tests whether adding golcadomide, an oral cereblon-modulating degrader, to R-CHOP raises cure rates in untreated high-risk large B-cell lymphoma. It builds on high complete response rates in phase 1b, and readout is expected in 2027 to 2028. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/golseek-1.md - GÖTEBORG-2 (MRI-based prostate cancer screening) (trial): In GÖTEBORG-2, 17,980 men were screened with PSA, then MRI; biopsying only what the MRI showed halved the detection of harmless prostate cancers (0.6% versus 1.2% of men) while the detection of dangerous cancers barely changed (0.9% versus 1.1%). It is the strongest evidence that MRI-first screening cuts overdiagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/goteborg-2.md - GPC3-Targeted T-Cell Therapy (ECT204) in Adults With Advanced HCC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ECT204 T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Eureka Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04864054.md - GR1803 Injection in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of GR1803 in multiple myeloma, run by Genrix (Shanghai) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06566547.md - GT719 Injection for the Treatment of Recurrent/Refractory CD19 Positive Adult B-cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GT719 Injection in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Grit Biotechnology, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06948981.md - GYNecological Cancers Treated with NETrin MAbs in Combination with Chemotherapy and /or Pembrolizumab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab and Carboplatin in endometrial cancer and cervical cancer, run by NETRIS Pharma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04652076.md - HARMONi-2 (trial): The first head-to-head trial in which a new drug beat Keytruda, in China; a survival benefit followed in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harmoni-2.md - HARMONi-3 (trial): The global test of whether ivonescimab plus chemotherapy beats the Keytruda-chemotherapy standard. An interim look in May 2026 fell short on progression; final results are due later in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harmoni-3.md - HARMONi-A (trial): The first phase 3 win for ivonescimab, in lung cancer that has stopped responding to EGFR pills, and the basis of its first approval in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harmoni-a.md - HC010 in First-line PD-L1 Positive Advanced NSCLC Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of HC010 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by HC Biopharma Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07169552.md - HEC169096 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HEC169096 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05451602.md - HEC73543 Versus Salvage Chemotherapy in R/R FLT3-ITD AML (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Clifutinib in acute myeloid leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05586074.md - Hemithoracic irradiation with proton therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (UCL) (trial): The trial asking whether proton beams can deliver radiotherapy to the whole lining of one side of the chest in mesothelioma without the collateral damage that has kept hemithoracic radiotherapy out of routine care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ucl-proton-hemithoracic-mpm.md - HER2 Targeted Molecular Imaging in mBC and Other Metastatic Solid Carcinomas Using 68Ga-ABS011 (trial): A phase 2 trial of an investigational treatment in advanced solid tumours, run by Abscint NV/SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06369831.md - HER2CLIMB (trial): The first trial to prove a drug helps HER2-positive brain metastases, extending survival by four and a half months overall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2climb.md - HER2CLIMB-02 (trial): Adding tucatinib to Kadcyla helped a little, mostly in patients with brain metastases, but did not extend survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2climb-02.md - HER2CLIMB-05 (trial): In HER2CLIMB-05, adding the brain-penetrant pill tucatinib to maintenance antibodies after first-line chemotherapy delayed progression by more than eight months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2climb-05.md - HERA, NSABP B-31 & NCCTG N9831 (adjuvant trastuzumab) (trial): Three trials reported together in 2005 showed that a year of trastuzumab after surgery cuts the risk of dying from HER2-positive breast cancer by about a third. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hera-b31-n9831.md - HERIZON-BTC-302 (trial): Tests whether the HER2 bispecific antibody should be given from the start in HER2-positive bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/herizon-btc-302.md - HERIZON-GEA-01 (trial): A two-armed HER2 antibody beat Herceptin head-to-head as first-line treatment for HER2-positive stomach cancer, the first such win since 2010. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/herizon-gea-01.md - HERTHENA-Lung01: Patritumab Deruxtecan in Subjects With Metastatic or Locally Advanced EGFR-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Patritumab deruxtecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04619004.md - HERTHENA-Lung02 (trial): A HER3 ADC delayed progression by only a few days more than chemotherapy and did not extend survival, so its US application was withdrawn. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/herthena-lung02.md - Hetrombopag for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Adults With Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Hetrombopag in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05864014.md - Highly Selective CDK7 Inhibitor Q901 in Selected Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in metastatic cancer, run by Qurient Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05394103.md - HiLo (trial): Showed a third of the usual radioactive iodine dose ablates the thyroid remnant just as well, with fewer side effects and less time in isolation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hilo.md - HIMALAYA (trial): A single dose of a CTLA-4 antibody added to PD-L1 blockade doubled five-year survival in liver cancer without needing an anti-VEGF drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/himalaya.md - HMPL-453 Tartrate in Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing HMPL-453 in biliary tract cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04353375.md - HMPL-A580 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HMPL-A580 in advanced solid tumours, run by Hutchmed, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07396584.md - HORIZON-Breast01 (trial): A Chinese HER2 ADC cut the risk of progression by nearly 80% versus a pill-plus-chemotherapy standard, matching the scale of Enhertu's results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/horizon-breast01.md - HRS 4642 Injection Combined With AG Versus Placebo Combined With AG Therapy in First-Line Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of HRS-4642 + AG in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07232875.md - HRS-4642 Combination With Other Antitumor Therapies in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Adebrelimab and Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07296341.md - HS-20089 for Injection in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HS-20089 in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06855069.md - HS-20089 in Patients With Ovarian Cancer and Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of HS-20089 in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Hansoh BioMedical R&D Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06014190.md - HS-20093 in Patients with Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma and Other Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of HS-20093 in advanced solid tumours, run by Hansoh BioMedical R&D Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06112704.md - HSK42360-Na Tablets Combined With Cetuximab With or Without Chemotherapy in BRAF V600-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cetuximab, CAPOX, FLOT in colorectal cancer, run by Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07790510.md - Human BCMA Targeted T Cells Injection（BCMA CAR-T）for Subjects With R/R MM (trial): A phase 2 trial of Human BCMA Targeted T Cells Injection in multiple myeloma, run by Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05594797.md - HX009+ IN10018 With or Without Standard Chemotherapy for Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IN10018 in melanoma, run by Hangzhou Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06708663.md - HX044,FIH Study in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HX044 in advanced solid tumours, run by Hanx Biopharmaceuticals (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06649708.md - IARC India HPV vaccine dose study (one, two or three doses) (trial): When an Indian vaccine trial was halted midway, thousands of girls had had only one shot; following them for ten years showed one dose protected as well as three, changing the world's vaccination policy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iarc-india-hpv-dose-study.md - IBI3014 in Participants With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IBI3014 in advanced solid tumours, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06974812.md - IBI343 in Combination Therapy for Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of IBI343, Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07483554.md - IBI354 With or Without Pertuzumab Versus Taxane, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IBI354 in HER2-positive breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07377643.md - IBI363 Combined With Bevacizumab for Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of IBI363, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07722494.md - IBI363 Combined With Chemotherapy or Pembrolizumab Combined With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Resectable Stage IB-III Non-Squamous Non-Small (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pemetrexed, Cisplatin, IBI363 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07122687.md - ICP-248 in Combination With Orelabrutinib in Treatment-naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (APEX-03) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing ICP-248 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/apex-03.md - IDE196 (Darovasertib) in Combination With Crizotinib as First-line Therapy in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Darovasertib, Crizotinib, Pembrolizumab in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by IDEAYA Biosciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05987332.md - IDeate-Lung02 (trial): IDeate-Lung02 is the pivotal trial for the B7-H3 ADC that produced some of the highest response rates ever seen in relapsed small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ideate-lung02.md - IDP-023 as a Single Agent and in Combination With Antibody Therapies in Patients With Advanced Hematologic Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rituximab, Daratumumab, Aldesleukin in multiple myeloma and hodgkin lymphoma, run by Indapta Therapeutics, INC., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06119685.md - Ifinatamab Deruxtecan (I-DXd) in Subjects With Pretreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05280470.md - IGNYTE-ESO (trial): IGNYTE-ESO was the pivotal study for the second sarcoma TCR-T, with responses in 42% of patients with two rare sarcomas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ignyte-eso.md - ILKN421H Plus Pembrolizumab in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by iLeukon Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07452224.md - Illuminate: A Clinical Study Evaluating CAR T Immune Cell Therapy (BCB-276) for Patients With Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG). (trial): A phase 2 trial of BCB-276 in diffuse midline glioma, h3 k27-altered, run by BrainChild Bio, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07680439.md - IMA402 T Cell-Engaging Receptor Molecule (TCER®) in Recurrent and/or Refractory Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IMA402 in advanced solid tumours, run by Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05958121.md - IMAGINE (varnimcabtagene autoleucel, Immuneel) (trial): The first industry-run CAR-T trial in India, testing a Bengaluru-made version of a Barcelona hospital's cell therapy in relapsed lymphoma and leukaemia; it led to the approval of Qartemi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imagine-varnimcabtagene.md - Imaging Advanced NSCLC Patients Undergoing PD-1/PD-L1 Directed Therapy Using [18F]-FARAG (trial): A phase 2 trial of [18F]F-AraG in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by CellSight Technologies, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06107374.md - IMbrave050 (trial): The first adjuvant immunotherapy trial in liver cancer looked positive early, then the benefit vanished with longer follow-up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imbrave050.md - IMbrave150 (trial): The trial that ended the sorafenib era: immunotherapy plus an anti-VEGF antibody became the new first-line standard for liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imbrave150.md - IMCgp100-202 (trial): The first drug ever to extend life in metastatic uveal melanoma, and the first T-cell receptor-based medicine to win a phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imcgp100-202.md - IMforte (trial): IMforte produced the first maintenance treatment ever approved for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, adding lurbinectedin to the immunotherapy that continues after chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imforte.md - IMGN632 as Monotherapy or With Venetoclax and/or Azacitidine for Participants With CD123-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Azacitidine, Pivekimab sunirine and Venetoclax in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04086264.md - iMMagine-1 (trial): iMMagine-1 is the pivotal study behind anito-cel's BLA, with responses in nearly every patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immagine-1.md - Immuno-Oncology Drugs GLS-012 Alone & in Combination GLS-010 Treating With Advanced Patients Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zimberelimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Guangzhou Gloria Biosciences Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05909436.md - Immunogenicity and Safety of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Healthy Chinese Female Subjects Aged 9 to 19 Years (trial): A phase 3 trial of 2-doses Group among 9-14 years in cervical cancer and vaginal cancer, run by Shanghai Bovax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05027776.md - IMpassion130 (trial): IMpassion130 was the first immunotherapy success in breast cancer, later undermined when a sister trial failed and the approval was withdrawn. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/impassion130.md - IMpassion131 (trial): IMpassion131 was the sister trial to the first immunotherapy success in breast cancer. It failed, and the approval it was meant to confirm was withdrawn. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/impassion131.md - IMpower133 (trial): IMpower133 was the first trial in decades to lengthen survival in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, by adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/impower133.md - IMROZ (trial): In IMROZ, isatuximab added to VRd cut progression by 40% in older patients not having a transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imroz.md - IMvigor011 (trial): The first trial to use a blood test for leftover cancer to decide who gets immunotherapy, and it worked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imvigor011.md - IN10018 Combination Therapy in Advanced EGFR Mutation-positive NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IN10018 and Furmonertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05994131.md - IN10018 Combination Therapy in Treatment-naïve ES-SCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IN10018, Tislelizumab, Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06030258.md - IN10018 in Combination With Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) vs. Placebo in Combination With PLD for the Treatment of Platinum-resistant Recurren (trial): A phase 2 trial of IN10018, Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer, run by InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06014528.md - IN10018 in Combination With RNK08954 for the Treatment of KRASG12D Mutation-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IN10018 in advanced solid tumours, run by InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07441174.md - IN10018 in Combination With Standard Chemotherapy in High-grade Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IN10018 in ovarian cancer, run by InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05551507.md - IN10018+ Standard Chemotherapy (+KN046) in Subjects With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IN10018 and Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05827796.md - INAVO120 (trial): A triple combination that doubled progression-free time and, unusually for this disease, extended survival by seven months in a hard-to-treat group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inavo120.md - INBRX-106 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in First-line PD-L1 CPS≥20 HNSCC (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing INBRX-106 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06295731.md - IND.227 / KEYNOTE-483 (trial): Showed that adding a PD-1 blocker to standard chemotherapy helps in mesothelioma, giving a second immunotherapy-based first-line option. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-483.md - INDIGO (trial): The first targeted-therapy win in low-grade brain tumours: a pill that more than doubled the time before the tumour grew, delaying radiation and chemotherapy by years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/indigo.md - Initial Feasibility Study to Treat Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer With a Planar LDR Source (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Directional Brachytherapy Source Implant in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by CivaTech Oncology, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02843945.md - Injection of Active Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells in Patients With Gliomas (trial): A phase 2 trial of NK cell therapy in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Marzieh Ebrahimi, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06687681.md - Injection of SHR-A1811 Versus Physician Choiced Treatment in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer Who Had Failed to Respond to Oxaliplatin, 5-fu, (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Trifluridine/tipiracil, Regorafenib in colorectal cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06199973.md - innovaTV 301 / ENGOT-cx12 / GOG-3057 (trial): The first ADC to extend life in cervical cancer, for women whose disease has come back after chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/innovatv-301.md - INO-5401 and INO-9012 Delivered by Electroporation (EP) in Combination With Cemiplimab (REGN2810) in Newly-Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GBM) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of INO-5401, Cemiplimab and Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Inovio Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03491683.md - INO-VATE ALL (trial): An antibody-drug conjugate put four in five relapsed ALL patients into remission versus fewer than one in three with chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ino-vate.md - INSIGHT (trial): A blood-test-selected trial testing whether matching the drug to the specific resistance mutation beats the standard second-line drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/insight-gist.md - INT-0091 (Ewing sarcoma) (trial): Adding ifosfamide and etoposide improved cure rates for localised Ewing sarcoma, setting the backbone still used today. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/int-0091.md - Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010 (trial): Adding the antibody rituximab to intensive chemotherapy in children with high-risk Burkitt and related lymphomas cut treatment failures by about two-thirds, making an already curable disease more so. It is the model of a joint European-North American children's cancer trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inter-b-nhl-ritux-2010.md - Interfant-06 (trial): The largest infant leukaemia trial showed that intensifying chemotherapy did not help, and set the stage for adding blinatumomab instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/interfant-06.md - INTERLACE (trial): Six weeks of cheap, generic chemotherapy before standard chemoradiation cut deaths by 40%, an advance usable anywhere in the world. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/interlace.md - INTerpath-001 (V940-001) (trial): INTerpath-001 was the first positive phase 3 trial of a personalised cancer vaccine, announced 19 August 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/interpath-001.md - Intra-arterial Gemcitabine vs. IV Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel Following Radiotherapy for LAPC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by RenovoRx, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03257033.md - Intratumoral Injection of IP-001 Following Thermal Ablation in Patients With CRC, NSCLC, and STS (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 1.0% IP-001 for Injection in colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and sarcomas, run by Immunophotonics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05688280.md - Intratumoral N17350 in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of N17350 in melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Onchilles Pharma Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07339176.md - Intravesical Photodynamic Therapy ("PDT") in BCG-Unresponsive/Intolerant Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ("NMIBC") Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ruvidar® (TLD-1433) bladder infusion and PDT in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Theralase® Technologies Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03945162.md - INTREPID: A Study of Sapablursen Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy in Participants With Polycythemia Vera (PV) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sapablursen in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07429266.md - Investigating the Safety and Diagnostic Performance of 68Ga-NYM032 Injection PET/CT in Men With Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer. (trial): A phase 3 trial of 68-Ga-NYM032 in prostate cancer, run by Norroy Bioscience Co., LTD, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07615101.md - Investigation of a Therapeutic Vaccine (ACIT-1) in Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ACIT-1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Cancer Vaccines Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03096093.md - Investigation of Remimazolam in Children Undergoing Sedation for Medical Procedures (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Remimazolam in childhood cancers, run by Acacia Pharma Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04851717.md - Investigation of the Anti-tumor Effect of 2X-121 in Patients With Recurrent, Advanced Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of 2X-121 in ovarian cancer, run by Allarity Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03878849.md - Investigation of Ubamatamab Combination Therapy in Adult Participants With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bevacizumab, Cemiplimab, Fianlimab in ovarian cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06787612.md - INVICTUS (trial): Ripretinib kept fourth-line GIST under control six times longer than placebo and improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/invictus.md - IO102-IO103 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone in Advanced Melanoma (IOB-013 / KN-D18) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IO102-IO103 in melanoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05155254.md - IoN (trial): The UK trial confirming that low-risk thyroid cancer patients can safely avoid radioactive iodine, published in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ion-trial.md - IPG7236 Combined With Toripalimab in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07508761.md - IPH5201 and Durvalumab in Patients With Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MATISSE) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Innate Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05742607.md - Irinotecan Hydrochloride Liposome Injection (II)in Combination With Oxaliplatin, 5-FU/LV Versus AG for First-line Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Leucovorin (folinic acid), Oxaliplatin and Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07238283.md - Irinotecan-ChemoSeed in Surgically Resectable Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of irinotecan-ChemoSeed implementation into the resection cavity after surgical resection of GBM in glioma & glioblastoma, run by CRISM Therapeutics LTD, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07356973.md - Isatuximab in Combination With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in High-risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Isatuximab, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Sanofi, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04270409.md - ISG-STS 1001 (trial): Standard anthracycline-ifosfamide before surgery beat subtype-tailored chemotherapy, and indirectly showed neoadjuvant chemotherapy helps high-risk sarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isg-sts-1001.md - iStopMM (trial): iStopMM screened an entire nation for the precursor of myeloma, to learn whether finding it early saves lives or just causes worry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/istopmm.md - Isunakinra Alone and in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (MSS) (trial): A phase 2 trial of isunakinra in colorectal cancer, run by Buzzard Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06634875.md - Ivonescimab in Combination With Docetaxel in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivonescimab, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06928389.md - Ivosidenib in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Conventional Chondrosarcoma Untreated or Previously Treated With 1 Systemic Treatment Regimen (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivosidenib in sarcomas, run by Servier Bio-Innovation LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06127407.md - Ixovex-1 Single Agent and Combination Therapy (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Psivac Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06549946.md - IZABRIGHT-Breast01 (trial): IZABRIGHT-Breast01 is the global first-line trial of the EGFR×HER3 bispecific ADC in triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/izabright-breast01.md - JAB-21822 Combined With JAB-3312 Compared SOC in the First Line for Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS p.G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Sitneprotafib in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06416410.md - JAB-21822 in Combination With Cetuximab in Patients With Advanced CRC and Other Solid Tumors With KRAS G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Glecirasib, Cetuximab in colorectal cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05194995.md - JAB-23E73 in Adult Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors With KRAS Alteration (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JAB-23E73 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06973564.md - JAB-2485 Activity in Adult Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JAB-2485 (Aurora A inhibitor) in triple-negative breast cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05490472.md - JAB-30355 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring TP53 Y220C Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JAB-30355 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06386146.md - Japan Expansion Cohort: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Belantamab Mafodotin, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Versus Daratumumab, Bortezomib and Dex (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Daratumumab, Bortezomib in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06868667.md - JAVELIN Bladder 100 (trial): Starting immunotherapy right after chemotherapy, rather than waiting for relapse, lengthened survival by about seven months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/javelin-bladder-100.md - JAVELIN Head and Neck 100 (trial): Adding a PD-L1 blocker to curative chemoradiation did not help, the first of several such failures in head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/javelin-hn-100.md - JK-1201I Combined with Adjuvant Temozolomide in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by JenKem Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06595186.md - JMT101 Combined With Osimertinib in Patients With Stage Ⅲb-Ⅳ Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Characterized by Epithermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Common Mutations (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06391944.md - JNJ-90301900 (NBTXR3) Activated by Radiotherapy With or Without Cetuximab in LA-HNSCC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JNJ-90301900 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04892173.md - JS111 in Patients With Advanced NSCLC Harboring EGFR Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JS111 capsules (AP-L1898) in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Junjing BioSciences Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06940401.md - JSKN003 Versus Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) for HER2-Positive, Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JSKN003 in HER2-positive breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06846437.md - JSKN003 Versus Treatment Of Physician'S Choice For HER2-low, Unresectable and/or Metastatic Breast Cancer Subjects (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JSKN003 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06079983.md - JUPITER-02 (trial): Brought immunotherapy to nasopharyngeal cancer, an Epstein-Barr-virus-driven cancer common in southern China, and won the first US approval for that disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jupiter-02.md - JUPITER-06 (trial): The trial that added toripalimab to chemotherapy for oesophageal cancer in China and showed a survival gain regardless of PD-L1 level. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jupiter-06.md - KarMMa-3 (trial): Ide-cel tripled progression-free time versus standard regimens in heavily pretreated myeloma, but did not clearly extend life after most control patients crossed over. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karmma-3.md - KATHERINE (trial): Switching to an ADC after surgery when pre-surgery treatment left cancer behind halved the risk of recurrence and improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/katherine.md - KC1036 in Combination With PD-1 Antibody and Platinum-based Chemotherapy for First-line Advanced Esophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of KC1036, Toripalimab and Cisplatin in oesophageal cancer, run by Beijing Konruns Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07481058.md - KEN SHE (single-dose HPV vaccine) (trial): One shot of HPV vaccine was 97.5% effective against the two most dangerous HPV types, making it realistic to vaccinate the whole world. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ken-she.md - Kerala oral cancer visual screening trial (Trivandrum) (trial): Trained health workers looking inside the mouths of tobacco and alcohol users in Kerala cut oral cancer deaths by a third, and by four-fifths in those who came to every screening round. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kerala-oral-screening.md - KEYMAKER-U01 Substudy 01A: Efficacy and Safety Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) With or Without Chemotherapy When Used With Investigational Agents in Treatment-naïve Participants With Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-3475-01A/KEYMAKER-U01A) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Pemetrexed and Ifinatamab deruxtecan in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04165070.md - KEYMAKER-U01 Substudy 01J: A Study of Pembrolizumab Plus MK-1084 in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) G12C Mutations (MK-3475-01J/KEYMAKER-U01J) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Calderasib, Pembrolizumab, Cetuximab and Sacituzumab tirumotecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07252739.md - KEYMAKER-U04 Substudy 04D: A Clinical Study of New Treatments Given With Enfortumab Vedotin and Pembrolizumab in People With Urothelial Cancer (MK-3475-04D/KEYMAKER-U04) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07232602.md - KEYNOTE-006 (trial): The trial that made PD-1 blockade the first choice over the older CTLA-4 drug, with a third of patients alive at ten years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-006.md - KEYNOTE-024 & KEYNOTE-189 (trial): The two trials that made immunotherapy, alone or with chemotherapy, the first treatment for most advanced lung cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-024-189.md - KEYNOTE-048 (trial): Made immunotherapy the first treatment for advanced head and neck cancer, alone for PD-L1-rich tumours and with chemotherapy for the rest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-048.md - KEYNOTE-177 (trial): The trial that made immunotherapy alone, with no chemotherapy, the first treatment for the 5% of bowel cancers with a broken DNA spell-checker. Over half of patients were alive at five years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-177.md - KEYNOTE-204 (trial): In KEYNOTE-204, PD-1 blockade beat the CD30 ADC head to head in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-204.md - KEYNOTE-355 (trial): Established immunotherapy plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with PD-L1 expression. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-355.md - KEYNOTE-426 (trial): The first immunotherapy plus targeted-pill combination for kidney cancer, improving survival across all risk groups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-426.md - KEYNOTE-522 (trial): The trial that added immunotherapy to pre-surgery chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer and, uniquely, improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-522.md - KEYNOTE-564 (trial): The first drug to help kidney cancer patients live longer after surgery, and the first adjuvant immunotherapy in any solid tumour to show an overall survival gain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-564.md - KEYNOTE-590 (trial): Added immunotherapy to first-line chemotherapy for all types of oesophageal cancer, with a survival benefit that held at five years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-590.md - KEYNOTE-671 (trial): Showed that immunotherapy given both before and after lung cancer surgery lengthens survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-671.md - KEYNOTE-689 (trial): The first new treatment for curable head and neck cancer in six years: immunotherapy around surgery doubled the time patients stayed free of events. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-689.md - KEYNOTE-716 (trial): Extended adjuvant immunotherapy to thick node-negative melanomas, a group whose risk of relapse rivals stage III. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-716.md - KEYNOTE-775 / Study 309 (trial): A pill that blocks tumour blood vessels plus immunotherapy extended survival after chemotherapy, including in tumours that immunotherapy alone does not touch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-775.md - KEYNOTE-826 (trial): Added nearly ten months of life for women with advanced cervical cancer and made immunotherapy part of first-line treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-826.md - KEYNOTE-859 (trial): Confirmed that adding a PD-1 blocker to first-line chemotherapy helps in stomach cancer, with the biggest gain in tumours rich in PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-859.md - KEYNOTE-966 (trial): A second immunotherapy trial confirmed the modest survival benefit of adding PD-1 blockade to chemotherapy in bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-966.md - KEYNOTE-A18 / ENGOT-cx11 / GOG-3047 (trial): Adding immunotherapy to curative chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer improved both control and survival, the first such advance in two decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-a18.md - KEYNOTE-B96 / ENGOT-ov65 (trial): After a decade of failures, the first immunotherapy trial to extend survival in ovarian cancer, leading to the first checkpoint-inhibitor approval in the disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keynote-b96.md - KL-A167 Injection Combined With Cisplatin and Gemcitabine vs Placebo Combined With Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in the Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing KL-A167 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05294172.md - KN026 in Combination With Chemotherapy in HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer Subjects Who Have Failed First-line Therapy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Docetaxel in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05427383.md - KN035 for dMMR/MSI-H Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Envafolimab in advanced solid tumours, run by 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03667170.md - KOMET-001 (trial): KOMET-001 was the registration trial for ziftomenib: a quarter of heavily pretreated patients with NPM1-mutated AML reached complete remission on a once-daily pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/komet-001.md - KQB198 in Combination With Imatinib in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic GIST in 1st Line Setting (SynerGIST-1st Line) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Imatinib in metastatic cancer, run by Kumquat Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07406633.md - Krascendo 1 (trial): The first head-to-head trial among KRAS drugs: Roche's divarasib beat the two approved pills on progression and survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/krascendo-1.md - KRT-232 Compared to Ruxolitinib in Patients With Phlebotomy-Dependent Polycythemia Vera (trial): A phase 2 trial of KRT-232 and Ruxolitinib in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Kartos Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03669965.md - KRYSTAL-12 (trial): Confirmed that the KRAS pill adagrasib beats chemotherapy after first-line treatment, though the gain is modest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/krystal-12.md - L-Annamycin for Injection in Combination With Cytarabine Injection as Second Line Therapy for Remission Induction in Adult Subjects With Refractory/Re (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Cytarabine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Moleculin Biotech, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06788756.md - L-MIND (trial): The small single-arm study that got tafasitamab approved for people too frail for transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/l-mind.md - L19IL2 or L19TNF or L19IL2/TNF in Patients With Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of L19IL2 in basal cell carcinoma, run by Philogen S.p.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227350.md - L19IL2/TNF in Patients With Basal Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of L19IL2/L19TNF in basal cell carcinoma, run by Philogen S.p.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227870.md - LACC (Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer) (trial): Keyhole surgery, assumed equivalent, turned out to be worse: more recurrences and more deaths than open surgery, reversing practice overnight. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lacc.md - LAM561 With RT and TMZ for Adults With Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing LAM561 in glioma & glioblastoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04250922.md - LATITUDE (trial): LATITUDE established abiraterone at first metastatic diagnosis for high-risk disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/latitude.md - LAURA (trial): For stage III lung cancers with an EGFR mutation, a targeted pill after chemoradiation cut progression by more than 80%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laura.md - LCH-III (trial): The Histiocyte Society's third international trial showed that treating multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis for a full year, rather than six months, roughly halves the chance of the disease coming back, while adding methotrexate added nothing but toxicity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lch-iii.md - Lead-212 PSV359 Therapy for Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of [203Pb]Pb-PSV359 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, oesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Perspective Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06710756.md - LEAP-002 (trial): LEAP-002 randomised 794 patients with untreated advanced liver cancer to lenvatinib with or without pembrolizumab. Adding the immunotherapy did not lengthen life beyond lenvatinib alone, partly because the control arm did unusually well, a reminder that not every immunotherapy plus anti-angiogenic pairing works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leap-002.md - LEAP-012 (trial): Adding lenvatinib and pembrolizumab to TACE delayed progression by four and a half months but did not help patients live longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leap-012.md - LEGEND Study: EG-70 in NMIBC Patients BCG-Unresponsive and High-Risk NMIBC Incompletely Treated With BCG or BCG-Naïve (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EG-70 (phase 1) in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by enGene, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04752722.md - LEGEND-2 (trial): The small Chinese trial whose startling response rates at ASCO 2017 drew Johnson and Johnson to Legend Biotech and became the myeloma CAR-T Carvykti. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/legend-2.md - Less Frequent IV Dosing & Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Study of Nemvaleukin Alfa (ALKS 4230) Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab (ARTISTRY-3) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Mural Oncology, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04592653.md - LEU01101: Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of LEU011 in Solid Tumours. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LEU011 in advanced solid tumours, run by Leucid Bio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06193902.md - LIBRETTO-431 (trial): Proved that a RET pill is better than chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy as first treatment for RET-fusion lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/libretto-431.md - LIBRETTO-531 (trial): Showed that a drug built specifically for the RET mutation beats the older multi-target pills in medullary thyroid cancer, with far fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/libretto-531.md - lidERA (trial): The first oral SERD to reduce recurrence after surgery, by about 30%, compared with today's hormone pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lidera.md - LiGeR-HN1 (trial): Tests whether a two-armed antibody against EGFR and a stem-cell marker can lift first-line immunotherapy results in head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/liger-hn1.md - LINKER-MM1 (trial): LINKER-MM1 is the pivotal study for linvoseltamab, with 45% complete responses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/linker-mm1.md - LITESPARK-005 (trial): The HIF-2α inhibitor beat the old standard everolimus after immunotherapy and targeted therapy had failed, with durable responses in a subset. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/litespark-005.md - LITESPARK-012 (trial): Adding belzutifan to first-line lenvatinib-pembrolizumab did not deliver, a reminder that later-line success does not guarantee first-line benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/litespark-012.md - LITESPARK-022 (trial): Adding the HIF-2α pill to a year of adjuvant pembrolizumab further reduced recurrence, and became the first adjuvant combination approved in kidney cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/litespark-022.md - LM-108 in Combination With Toripalimab Versus Paclitaxel Injection for the Treatment of Subjects With CCR8-Positive Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing LM-108 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07362186.md - Long-term Follow-up of Participants Treated With Galapagos Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Therapies (trial): A phase 3 trial of GLPG CAR T-cell therapy in advanced solid tumours, run by Lakefront Biotherapeutics NV, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06652633.md - Long-Term Follow-up Protocol for Participants Treated With Gene-Modified T Cells (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Gene-modified (GM) T cell therapy in advanced solid tumours, run by Celgene, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03435796.md - Long-term Safety and Efficacy Extension Study for Participants With Advanced Tumors Who Are Currently on Treatment or in Follow-up in a Pemb (trial): A phase 3 trial of Favezelimab run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03486873.md - Long-Term Safety of Pirtobrutinib in Participants With Previously Treated Types of Blood Cancers (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pirtobrutinib in non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07162181.md - Long-term Study Evaluating the Effect of Givinostat in Patients With Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (trial): A phase 2 trial of Givinostat in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Italfarmaco, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01761968.md - LOTIS-2 (trial): LOTIS-2 was the pivotal study for loncastuximab, a CD19 ADC with a DNA-crosslinking payload. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lotis-2.md - Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial) (trial): A Mumbai trial that added about one-twentieth of the usual dose of the immunotherapy nivolumab to cheap oral chemotherapy and nearly tripled the share of patients alive at one year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/low-dose-nivolumab-tmh.md - Low-dose olanzapine for cancer anorexia (Tata Memorial) (trial): A double-blind trial at Tata Memorial in India randomised 124 patients starting chemotherapy to 2.5 mg of olanzapine, a decades-old tablet costing a few cents a day, or placebo. Six in ten gained more than 5% of their weight against one in ten on placebo, and ASCO listed it in its 2024 cachexia guideline; it was small and single-centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olanzapine-appetite-tmh.md - Low-PV (trial): Low-PV asked whether even low-risk patients gain from interferon: more of them stayed at the haematocrit target without progression when ropeginterferon was added to phlebotomy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/low-pv.md - Lu-TARGO (177Lu-TARGeted Osteosarcoma Therapy) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LNTH2403 Phase 1 dose in osteosarcoma, run by Lantheus Medical Imaging, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07357519.md - LUME-Meso (trial): LUME-Meso randomised 458 patients with epithelioid pleural mesothelioma to first-line cisplatin and pemetrexed with nintedanib or placebo. The phase 2 progression signal for the multi-kinase inhibitor vanished in phase 3, with no delay in progression and no gain in life, a lesson in the unreliability of small phase 2 signals in this disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lume-meso.md - LUMINOSITY (trial): The single-arm study behind the first c-Met-directed antibody-drug conjugate approval in lung cancer: tumours shrank in about a third of patients whose cancers carried high c-Met protein, with eye and nerve side effects to watch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luminosity.md - LUMMICAR STUDY 1 (trial): The Chinese trial behind zevor-cel's approval for multiple myeloma, showing deep and lasting responses with a fully human BCMA CAR-T. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lummicar-1.md - LUNAR-2: TTFields With Pembrolizumab + Platinum-based Chemotherapy for Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by NovoCure GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06216301.md - Lurbinectedin or in Combination with Irinotecan Versus Topotecan in Patients with Relapsed SCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lurbinectedin, FOLFIRI, Topotecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Luye Pharma Group Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06496048.md - Lutetium 177Lu-Edotreotide Versus Best Standard of Care in Well-differentiated Aggressive Grade-2 and Grade-3 GastroEnteroPancreatic NeuroEndocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs) - COMPOSE (trial): A phase 3 trial of 177Lu-edotreotide, Temozolomide, Capecitabine, Everolimus, Leucovorin (folinic acid) and Oxaliplatin in neuroendocrine tumours, run by ITM Solucin GmbH, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04919226.md - LYL273 for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory mCRC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LYL273 in colorectal cancer, run by Lyell Immunopharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05319314.md - M108 Plus CAPOX Versus Placebo Plus CAPOX as First-line Treatment for Claudin (CLDN) 18.2-Positive, HER2-Negative, PD-L1 CPS<5, Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing M108 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06177041.md - MagnetisMM-3 (trial): MagnetisMM-3 is the pivotal study behind elranatamab's approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/magnetismm-3.md - MagnetisMM-32: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called Elranatamab in People With Multiple Myeloma (MM) That Has Come Back After Taking Other (trial): A phase 3 trial of Elranatamab, Elotuzumab, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06152575.md - MAGNITUDE (trial): PARP inhibitor plus abiraterone helped men with BRCA mutations and did nothing for those without, settling a debate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/magnitude.md - Maintenance Treatment With BGB-290 Versus Placebo in Participants With Platinum-sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pamiparib capsule in ovarian cancer, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03519230.md - MajesTEC-1 (trial): MajesTEC-1 was the pivotal single-arm study for the first myeloma bispecific, with responses in 63% of patients who had exhausted the main drug classes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/majestec-1.md - MajesTEC-3 (trial): A bispecific plus daratumumab cut the risk of progression by more than 80% versus standard doublets, bringing bispecifics to second line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/majestec-3.md - MAJIC-ET (trial): MAJIC-ET found that ruxolitinib was no better than the usual second-line drugs at controlling platelets in ET, although it eased itching and other symptoms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/majic-et.md - MAJIC-PV (trial): MAJIC-PV, a UK academic trial, found that ruxolitinib gave more complete responses than best available therapy and, for the first time, that a complete response went with fewer clots and progressions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/majic-pv.md - MAPS (trial): In MAPS, adding the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab to chemotherapy lengthened survival by about three months, the first improvement after pemetrexed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maps.md - MARIPOSA (trial): The first regimen to beat osimertinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, with a survival benefit exceeding a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mariposa.md - MARS 2 (trial): MARS 2 is the trial that overturned decades of surgical practice: removing the lining of the lung did not help patients live longer and left them worse off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mars-2.md - MASAI (Mammography Screening with Artificial Intelligence) (trial): The first randomised trial of AI in breast screening found more cancers and cut radiologists' reading work almost in half without more false alarms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/masai.md - MASCT-I Combined With Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide for First-line Treatment of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Doxorubicin, Ifosfamide in vascular tumours and epithelioid sarcoma, run by HRYZ Biotech Co., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06277154.md - MATTERHORN (trial): Adding immunotherapy before and after surgery cut deaths in early stomach cancer; nearly seven in ten patients were alive at three years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matterhorn.md - Maximum Tolerated Dose, Safety, and Efficacy of Rhenium Nanoliposomes in Recurrent Glioma (ReSPECT) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rhenium Liposome Treatment in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Cerenome, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01906385.md - MB-105 in Patients With CD5 Positive T-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Genetic: MB-105 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by March Biosciences Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06534060.md - MC1R-targeted Alpha-particle Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Trial With Nivolumab in Adults With Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab in melanoma, run by Perspective Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05655312.md - MEDI5752 in Combination With Carboplatin Plus Pemetrexed in Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in mesothelioma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06097728.md - MEN1703 (SEL24) to Treat Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (JASPIS-01) (trial): A phase 2 trial of MEN1703, Glofitamab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Ryvu Therapeutics SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06534437.md - Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Subjects Treated With PROVENGE® + One Infusion of Sipuleucel-T (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sipuleucel-T in prostate cancer, run by Dendreon, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06134232.md - METRO PLUS (Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi) (trial): Adding low-cost oral metronomic tablets to standard paclitaxel-carboplatin doubled median survival from 5 to 10 months in a randomised trial run in Varanasi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metro-plus-varanasi.md - MEVPRO-1 (trial): MEVPRO-1 is the phase 3 trial of the first EZH2 inhibitor combination in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mevpro-1.md - MIL62 Combined With Lenalidomide Versus Lenalidomide for Patients With Rituximab Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody MIL62, lenalinomide in follicular lymphoma, run by Beijing Mabworks Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04834024.md - MIL62 Plus Lenalidomide for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (FL and MZL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lenalidomide in follicular lymphoma, run by Beijing Mabworks Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04110301.md - MIMic-01: healthy-donor FMT plus anti-PD-1, first-line melanoma (trial): Twenty melanoma patients took stool capsules from healthy donors before starting immunotherapy. Thirteen responded, more than usually expected, and the transplant was safe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mimic-01.md - MINDACT (trial): MINDACT showed that women whose early breast cancer looked high-risk to doctors but low-risk on the 70-gene MammaPrint test could skip chemotherapy: those who did met the trial's prespecified safety threshold, and about 46% of clinically high-risk women could avoid chemotherapy. Women aged 50 or under may still gain from it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mindact.md - MIRASOL / GOG-3045 (trial): The first ADC to extend life in ovarian cancer, for the roughly one-third of tumours with high folate receptor alpha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mirasol.md - Mirvetuximab Soravtansine (IMGN853), in Folate Receptor Alpha (FRα) High Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin, Doxorubicin, Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, Gemcitabine and Mirvetuximab soravtansine in ovarian cancer, run by AGO Research GmbH, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04274426.md - Mirvetuximab Soravtansine (MIRV) With Carboplatin in Second-line Treatment of Folate Receptor Alpha (FRα) Expressing, Platinum-sensitive Epithelial Ov (trial): A phase 2 trial of Mirvetuximab soravtansine, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05456685.md - Mirvetuximab Soravtansine With Bevacizumab Versus Bevacizumab as Maintenance in Platinum-sensitive Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal C (trial): A phase 3 trial of Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05445778.md - MIT-001 for Prevention of CCRT-Induced OM in HNSCC Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of MIT-001 plus CCRT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by MitoImmune Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04651634.md - MK-3475A±Calderasib (MK-1084) in Completely Resected Stage IIA-IIIB (N2) KRAS G12Cm NSCLC (MK-1084-013) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Calderasib in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07431827.md - Mobilization of Stem Cells With Motixafortide (BL-8040) in Combination With G-CSF in Multiple Myeloma Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Motixafortide, Filgrastim in multiple myeloma, run by Guangzhou Gloria Biosciences Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06514508.md - Mocravimod as Adjunctive and Maintenance Treatment in AML Patients Undergoing Allo-HCT (trial): A phase 3 trial of mocravimod in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Priothera SAS, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05429632.md - Modi-1 Moditope in Breast, Head and Neck, Ovarian, or Renal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Scancell Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05329532.md - Modular Trial of sEphB4-HSA in EphrinB2-High Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Enfortumab vedotin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Vasgene Therapeutics, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06493552.md - MONALEESA-2 (trial): The first CDK4/6 inhibitor trial to show that adding the pill to hormone therapy makes women live longer, by about a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monaleesa-2.md - MONARCH 3 (trial): Abemaciclib roughly doubled the time to progression when added to an aromatase inhibitor; the survival gain of about 13 months narrowly missed statistical significance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monarch-3.md - monarchE (trial): The first CDK4/6 inhibitor to reduce recurrence after surgery in high-risk hormone-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monarche.md - MonumenTAL-1 (trial): Showed that a second target, GPRC5D, works in myeloma, including after BCMA therapies have failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monumental-1.md - MOTION (trial): MOTION randomised 123 patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumour not suitable for surgery to the CSF1R inhibitor vimseltinib or placebo. Tumours shrank in 40% on vimseltinib versus none on placebo, with better joint movement, pain and function, leading to approval in February 2025; whether responses last after stopping is unknown. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/motion.md - MOUNTAINEER & MOUNTAINEER-03 (trial): A HER2 pill plus antibody gave durable responses in the 3-5% of bowel cancers driven by HER2, and is now being tested as first-line treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mountaineer.md - MRG006A Combination Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Phase I/II) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pucotenlimab, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07479485.md - MSLT-II (trial): Showed that removing all the remaining lymph nodes after a positive sentinel node does not help patients live longer, ending a routine operation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mslt-ii.md - Multi-center Study of TBI-1301 (INN: Mipetresgene Autoleucel; Mip-cel) in Patients With NY-ESO-1 Positive Synovial Sarcoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TBI-1301 in sarcomas, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07174427.md - Mumbai VIA cervical screening trial (Tata Memorial) (trial): Health workers with a torch and vinegar, screening women in Mumbai's slums every two years, cut cervical cancer deaths by 31% in a trial of more than 150,000 women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mumbai-via-screening.md - myeloMATCH (trial): myeloMATCH is a US-wide master trial that sequences every new leukaemia within days and routes the patient to the right experimental arm, then re-routes them as MRD results come in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myelomatch.md - N-3C01 Monotherapy and Combination With PD-(L)1 Inhibitors in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Hefei Xinzhu Biological Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07639450.md - N-803 and PD-L1 t-haNK Combined With Bevacizumab for Recurrent or Progressive Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bevacizumab and Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept in glioma & glioblastoma, run by ImmunityBio, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06061809.md - NADINA (trial): Giving the immunotherapy doublet before surgery, instead of nivolumab after, cut the risk of recurrence by about two thirds and let most patients skip further treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nadina.md - NALIRICC (AIO) (trial): Adding a liposomal chemotherapy did not help in second-line bile duct cancer, contradicting an earlier Korean trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/naliricc.md - Namodenoson in the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Child-Pugh Class B7 Cirrhosis (trial): A phase 3 trial of Namodenoson in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Can-Fite BioPharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05201404.md - Namodenoson Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Namodenoson 25mg in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Can-Fite BioPharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06387342.md - Nanocrystalline Megestrol Acetate in Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Megestrol acetate in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Changchun GeneScience Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07150663.md - NAPOLI 3 (trial): The first head-to-head trial of the two chemotherapy backbones, won narrowly by the four-drug regimen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/napoli-3.md - NATALEE (trial): Extended CDK4/6 inhibitors to a broad group of early hormone-positive breast cancer patients, including node-negative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/natalee.md - NAVIGATE (trial): The basket trial behind the first tumour-agnostic TRK inhibitor approval: larotrectinib shrank tumours in three of four patients whatever the organ, as long as the cancer carried an NTRK gene fusion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/navigate.md - Naxitamab Study 201 (trial): Study 201 was the single-arm phase 2 of 74 patients behind naxitamab's approval for relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma in bone or bone marrow: given with GM-CSF as an outpatient, the antibody produced responses in half of patients. Without a randomised comparison against dinutuximab, equal efficacy is unproven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/naxitamab-201.md - NBM-BMX Administered Orally to Patients With Solid Tumors or Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Temozolomide in advanced solid tumours, run by Novelwise Pharmaceutical Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06012695.md - NCI-COG Pediatric MATCH (APEC1621) (trial): Pediatric MATCH was the first nationwide precision-medicine trial for children: every child with a relapsed solid tumour could have their tumour sequenced and, if a matching drug existed, join a trial arm for it. It proved the plumbing works, even though most single drugs given alone did little. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pediatric-match.md - Neladalkib (NVL-655) for TKI-naive Patients With Advanced ALK-Positive NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Neladalkib, Alectinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Nuvalent Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06765109.md - Nelmastobart in Combination With Docetaxel in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by STCube, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07306624.md - Nelmastobart in Combination With Trifluridine/ Tipiracil and Bevacizumab in Metastatic/ Recurrent Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trifluridine/tipiracil, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by STCube, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06873763.md - Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy Studies of Sindilizumab in Resectable Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05116462.md - Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatment in Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Oleclumab, Monalizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05061550.md - Neoadjuvant Cemiplimab for the Treatment of Resectable NSCLC, HCC, and HNSCC in Adult Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab, Fianlimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03916627.md - Neoadjuvant Darovasertib in Primary Uveal Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Darovasertib in uveal melanoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07015190.md - Neoadjuvant L19IL2/L19TNF- Pivotal Study (trial): A phase 3 trial of L19IL2 + L19TNF in melanoma, run by Philogen S.p.A., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02938299.md - Neoadjuvant Study of DV in Combination Toripalimab or Sequence Chemotherapy in HR-negative, HER2 Low-expressing Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin, Toripalimab, Carboplatin and Epirubicin in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06227117.md - Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant AK104 in Microsatellite Instability-high or Mismatch Repair-deficient, Resectable Colon Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cadonilimab, CAPOX, Capecitabine in colorectal cancer, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07412613.md - NETTER-1 (trial): The trial that made radioligand therapy a standard: a radioactive drug homing to the somatostatin receptor held midgut neuroendocrine tumours in check far longer than high-dose octreotide, and it underpins Lutathera's approvals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/netter-1.md - NHS-Galleri (trial): The largest cancer screening trial ever run, testing whether a multi-cancer blood test reduces late-stage diagnoses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nhs-galleri.md - NIAGARA (trial): The first immunotherapy shown to improve survival when given around bladder-removal surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/niagara.md - NICHE-2 (trial): In NICHE-2, four weeks of immunotherapy before surgery wiped out most mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancers, and nobody had relapsed three years later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/niche-2.md - NLST & NELSON (low-dose CT screening) (trial): The two trials that proved a yearly low-dose CT scan cuts lung cancer deaths in heavy smokers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nlst-nelson.md - NMTRC003/003B (DFMO maintenance) (trial): NMTRC003 was the single-arm study, compared against historical patients, that got eflornithine approved as maintenance; the design remains debated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nmtrc003.md - NordICC (Nordic-European Initiative on Colorectal Cancer) (trial): The first randomised trial of colonoscopy screening: being invited cut the risk of bowel cancer by about a fifth, but fewer than half of those invited attended, so the effect on deaths was small. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nordicc.md - Nous-209 Genetic Vaccine for the Treatment of Microsatellite Unstable Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Nouscom SRL, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04041310.md - Novel Combinations in Participants With Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rilvegostomig, CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin) and Capecitabine in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05702229.md - NP-G2-044 as Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumor Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of NP-G2-044 Monotherapy in advanced solid tumours, run by Novita Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05023486.md - NRG-GY018 / KEYNOTE-868 (trial): NRG-GY018 is the pembrolizumab twin of RUBY: immunotherapy plus chemotherapy cut the risk of progression by 70% in dMMR tumours and 46% in the rest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nrg-gy018-keynote-868.md - NRG-HN002 & NRG-HN005 (HPV+ de-escalation) (trial): Attempts to give HPV-positive throat cancer patients less radiation fell short: the standard dose remained better, so de-escalation is not yet routine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nrg-hn002-hn005.md - Nuvastatic® Phase III Trial for Fatigue in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nuvastatic 300 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Natureceuticals Sdn Bhd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07669467.md - NWRD06 DNA Plasmid for HCC After Curative Resection. (trial): A phase 2 trial of NWRD06 administered by electroporation in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Newish Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07324304.md - OH2 Injection in Combination With BS006 Injection for Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of OH2+BS006 in advanced solid tumours, run by Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07382531.md - OH2 Injection in Combination With HX008 for Melanoma. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pucotenlimab in melanoma, run by Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04616443.md - OH2 Injection in Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of OH2 in melanoma, run by Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05868707.md - OH2 Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of OH2 injection, with or without irinotecan or HX008 in advanced solid tumours, run by Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03866525.md - Olaparib Treatment in BRCA Mutated Ovarian Cancer Patients After Complete or Partial Response to Platinum Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olaparib in ovarian cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01874353.md - Oleclumab (MEDI9447) Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutant (EGFRm) Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Novel Combination Study (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Oleclumab and Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by MedImmune LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03381274.md - OlympiA (trial): Showed that a year of a PARP inhibitor after standard treatment improves survival in women with inherited BRCA mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olympia.md - ONC-392 and Pembrolizumab in Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gotistobart, Pembrolizumab in ovarian cancer, run by OncoC4, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05446298.md - ONC-392 Plus Lutetium Lu 177 Vipivotide Tetraxetan in Patients With mCRPC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gotistobart, Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan in prostate cancer, run by OncoC4, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05682443.md - ONC-392 Versus Docetaxel in Metastatic NSCLC That Progressed on PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Gotistobart in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05671510.md - Oncolytic Adenovirus Coding for TNFa and IL2 (TILT-123) With Pembrolizumab or Pembrolizumab (Phase 1a) and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Phase 1b) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer, run by TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05271318.md - OP-1250 (Palazestrant) vs. Standard of Care for the Treatment of ER+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Fulvestrant and Exemestane in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Olema Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06016738.md - Open-label Study Comparing AAA817 Versus Standard of Care in the Treatment of Previously Treated PSMA-positive mCRPC Adults Who Have Disease Progressed on or After [177Lu]Lu-PSMA Targeted Therapy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing AAA817 in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06780670.md - Open-label Study Comparing Iberdomide, Daratumumab and Dexamethasone (IberDd) Versus Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (DVd) in Participants (trial): A phase 3 trial of Dexamethasone, Daratumumab, Bortezomib in multiple myeloma, run by Celgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04975997.md - Open-Label Study of 18F-mFBG for Imaging Neuroblastoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of 18F-MFBG in neuroblastoma, run by Innervate Radiopharmaceuticals LLC (Formerly: Illumina Radiopharmaceuticals LLC), active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04724369.md - Open-label Study of Asciminib for CML-CP or CML-AP Patients With T315I Mutation Who Are Resistant, Intolerant or Ineligible to Ponatinib. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Asciminib in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06514534.md - Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, PK, and Efficacy of INX-315 in Patients With Advanced Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant, Abemaciclib in ovarian cancer and metastatic cancer, run by Incyclix Bio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05735080.md - Open-Label Umbrella Study To Evaluate Safety And Efficacy Of Elacestrant In Various Combination In Participants With Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Elacestrant, Alpelisib, Everolimus, Ribociclib, Palbociclib and Capivasertib in advanced solid tumours, run by Stemline Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05563220.md - Open-label, Long-term Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics Study of Vibegron in Pediatric Subjects 2 Years to < 18 Years of Age With NDO and on CIC (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Vibegron in childhood cancers, run by Urovant Sciences GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05491525.md - OptimICE-pCR (A012103) (trial): Asks whether patients whose cancer completely disappeared before surgery still need a year of immunotherapy afterwards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/optimice-pcr.md - Oral Axl/Mer/CSF1R Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Q702 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in cervical cancer, run by Qurient Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05438420.md - Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial) (trial): Two cheap tablets taken at home matched, and in fact beat, intravenous cisplatin for advanced head and neck cancer in a 422-patient Indian trial, with fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/metronomic-vs-cisplatin-tmh.md - Oral Paclitaxel Trial In Recurrent and Metastatic Breast Cancer As 1st Line Therapy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Oral paclitaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03315364.md - Oregovomab in Combination With Bevacizumab Plus Chemo in BRCA Wild Type Platinum Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Oregovomab, Bevacizumab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in ovarian cancer, run by CanariaBio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04938583.md - Oregovomab Plus Chemo in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Following Optimal Debulking Surgery (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Oregovomab in ovarian cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04498117.md - Oregovomab Plus Chemotherapy in Neo-adjuvant Setting in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Oregovomab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer, run by CanariaBio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05605535.md - Ori-C101Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Modified T Cells for the Treatment of HCC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ori-C101 in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by OriCell Therapeutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05652920.md - ORIENT-11 (trial): The trial that made sintilimab a first-line lung cancer treatment in China, and the one the FDA later refused to accept as evidence for US patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orient-11.md - ORIENT-16 (trial): The Chinese stomach cancer trial that showed adding sintilimab to chemotherapy helps patients live longer, especially when the tumour expresses PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orient-16.md - ORIENT-32 (trial): A Chinese trial showing that a PD-1 antibody plus a bevacizumab copy extends life in liver cancer, mirroring the global IMbrave150 result in a hepatitis B population. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/orient-32.md - ORION-1: Study of AVZO-023 as a Single Agent and in Combination With AVZO-021, and/or Endocrine Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AVZO-021 and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Avenzo Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06998407.md - Osimertinib Induction and Maintenance for Chemo-ineligible Stage III Unresectable EGFR+ NSCLC: Single-arm Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07295821.md - Osimertinib Plus Savolitinib in EGFRm+/MET+ NSCLC Following Prior Osimertinib (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib and Savolitinib in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03778229.md - Osmanabad cervical screening trial (HPV testing vs cytology vs VIA) (trial): One round of HPV testing in rural Indian villages halved deaths from cervical cancer within eight years, while a Pap smear or a visual check did not, which is why HPV tests are now the world's preferred screen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/osmanabad-hpv-screening.md - Osteosarcoma Maintenance Therapy With OST31-164 (trial): A phase 2 trial of OST31-164 in advanced solid tumours, run by Emerald Clinical Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04974008.md - OUTBACK / ANZGOG 0902 / GOG-0274 (trial): Giving extra chemotherapy after chemoradiation added side effects and no survival benefit, so timing matters: chemotherapy helps before radiation (INTERLACE), not after. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/outback.md - Ovarian Suppression Evaluating Subcutaneous Leuprolide Acetate in Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tamoxifen and Exemestane in advanced solid tumours, run by Tolmar Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04906395.md - OVHIPEC-1 (trial): Washing the abdomen with heated chemotherapy during interval surgery extended survival by about a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ovhipec-1.md - P1101 in Treating Patients With Early PMF or Overt PMF at Low or Intermediate-1 Risk (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ropeginterferon alfa-2b in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by PharmaEssentia, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06468033.md - PACIFIC (trial): Made a year of immunotherapy after chemoradiation the standard for stage III lung cancer, with a survival benefit that held at five years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pacific.md - Pacritinib vs. Hydroxyurea in Advanced Proliferative Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pacritinib in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms, run by Theradex, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07033598.md - Palazestrant in Combination With Ribociclib for the First-line Treatment of ER+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ribociclib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Olema Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07085767.md - PALLAS & PENELOPE-B (trial): Two large trials found that adding palbociclib after surgery does not prevent recurrence, even though the same drug helps in metastatic disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pallas-penelope-b.md - PALOMA-2 (trial): The trial that made palbociclib the first CDK4/6 inhibitor in routine use. It doubled progression-free time but did not extend life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paloma-2.md - Pan Tumor Rollover Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Cabozantinib, Trametinib, Capecitabine and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03899155.md - PANKU-Esophagus01 (BL-B01D1-305) (trial): The first bispecific ADC to extend both progression-free and overall survival in oesophageal cancer, for patients whose immunotherapy has stopped working. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/panku-esophagus01.md - PANOVA-3 (trial): PANOVA-3 is the trial behind the 2026 approval of a wearable electric-field device for pancreatic cancer, the first new approval in locally advanced disease in decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/panova-3.md - PAOLA-1 / ENGOT-ov25 (trial): Adding olaparib to bevacizumab maintenance roughly doubled progression-free time in tumours with faulty DNA repair, and improved survival in that group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paola-1.md - PARADIGM (trial): Proved that for RAS-normal tumours starting on the left side of the colon, an EGFR antibody beats the VEGF antibody as first partner for chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paradigm.md - PATHFINDER 2 (trial): PATHFINDER 2 is the US real-world study of the Galleri test that forms the core of its FDA submission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pathfinder-2.md - PBSS1113 in Combination With Azacitidine to Treat Patients With AML/MDS (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PBSS1113 in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Chaser Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07761533.md - PE0116 and PE0105 Injection in Treatment of Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PE0116&PE0105 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai HyaMab Biotech Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05801237.md - PEACE-1 (trial): PEACE-1 is the European triplet trial: abiraterone added to hormone therapy and docetaxel improves survival, especially in high-volume disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peace-1.md - Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Investigational Agents in Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-3475-01E/KEYMAKER-U01) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, Pemetrexed, Sacituzumab tirumotecan and Dexamethasone in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06788912.md - Pembrolizumab Combination With Lenvatinib in Pts With Recurrent,Persistent,Metastatic or Locally Advanced Vulvar Cancer Not Amenable to Curative Surge (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Lenvatinib in vulvar cancer, run by AGO Research GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05903833.md - Pembrolizumab Plus Lenvatinib in Combination With Belzutifan in Solid Tumors (MK-6482-016) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Belzutifan and Lenvatinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04976634.md - Pembrolizumab with or without anetumab ravtansine in mesothelin-positive pleural mesothelioma (NCI) (trial): The one trial still testing an antibody-drug conjugate in mesothelioma, combining it with PD-1 blockade on the theory that payload-induced cell death primes an immune response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nci-anetumab-pembrolizumab-mpm.md - Pembrolizumab With or Without Maintenance Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT; MK-2870) in Metastatic Squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) [MK-287 (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06422143.md - Pembrolizumab/Vibostolimab (MK-7684A) or Atezolizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in First Line Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-7684A-008/KEYVIBE-008) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Etoposide, Cisplatin, Atezolizumab and Carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05224141.md - Performance of SGM-101 for the Delineation of Primary and Recurrent Tumor and Metastases in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SGM-101 in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03659448.md - Perioperative Disitamab Vedotin Plus Toripalimab and XELOX in Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Disitamab vedotin and Toripalimab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06155383.md - Perioperative Durvalumab With Neoadjuvant ddMVAC or Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Patients With Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NIAGARA-2) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06960577.md - Peritumoral lidocaine before breast cancer surgery (Tata Memorial) (trial): Injecting a common local anaesthetic around the tumour minutes before surgery cut the risk of recurrence and death in a 1,583-woman Indian trial, at almost no cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lidocaine-peritumoral-tmh.md - PERSEPHONE (trial): Six months of trastuzumab was almost as good as twelve, with half the heart toxicity, though twelve remains the global standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/persephone.md - PERSEUS (trial): Adding daratumumab to the standard three-drug induction and to maintenance cut the risk of progression by more than half in transplant-eligible myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/perseus.md - persevERA (trial): An oral SERD did not beat the aromatase inhibitor in first-line treatment when both were combined with palbociclib. Oral SERDs earn their place after resistance, not before it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/persevera.md - Personalised Neoantigen-targeting Cancer Vaccine NECVAX-NEO1 in Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of NECVAX-NEO1 in advanced solid tumours, run by NEC Bio B.V, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06631079.md - Personalised Neoantigen-targeting Cancer Vaccine NECVAX-NEO1 in Neoadjuvant Triple-negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Oral DNA Vaccine in triple-negative breast cancer, run by NEC Bio B.V, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06631092.md - Personalized Neoantigen Peptide Vaccines for Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Personalized Neoantigen Peptide Vaccine in advanced solid tumours, run by Seqker Biosciences, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07002203.md - PF-07104091 as a Single Agent and in Combination Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Palbociclib, Fulvestrant, Letrozole in small-cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04553133.md - Ph I/II Study of NMS-03305293+TMZ in Adult Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Nerviano Medical Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04910022.md - Ph I/II Trial of Systemic VSV-IFNβ-NIS in Combination With Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Select Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Vyriad, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03647163.md - Ph1b/2 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of SHR-A1811 Combinations in Advanced HER2 Expression Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Retlirafusp alfa, Capecitabine, Adebrelimab and Oxaliplatin in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05671822.md - Ph1b/2 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of T-DXd Combinations in Advanced HER2-expressing Gastric Cancer (DESTINY-Gastric03) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fluorouracil (5-FU), Capecitabine, Durvalumab, Oxaliplatin, Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab deruxtecan in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04379596.md - PhALLCON (trial): Head to head, the third-generation TKI ponatinib doubled the rate of deep, undetectable remission over imatinib in newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phallcon.md - Pharmacogenomics ANDA SNP Clinical Study - Etoposide and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by Han Xu, M.D., Ph.D., FAPCR, Medical Director,, IRB Chair, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01064466.md - Pharmacogenomics ANDA SNP Clinical Study - Topotecan and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Topotecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Han Xu, M.D., Ph.D., FAPCR, Sponsor-Investigator, IRB Chair, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07145333.md - Pharmacogenomics IND Commercial SNP Clinical Study - Abiraterone and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Abiraterone - Usual in prostate cancer, run by Han Xu, M.D., Ph.D., FAPCR, Sponsor-Investigator, IRB Chair, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03348670.md - Pharmacogenomics IND SNP Clinical Trial - Alectinib and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Alectinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Han Xu, M.D., Ph.D., FAPCR, Medical Director,, IRB Chair, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05987956.md - Pharmacokinetic Similarity Between ABP 234 and Keytruda® (Pembrolizumab) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06430866.md - Phase 1-2 Study of ASTX660 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors and Lymphomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ASTX660 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Taiho Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02503423.md - Phase 1/ Phase 2 Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Orally Administered JBI-802 in Subjects With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) and Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN) With Thrombocytosis (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JBI-802 in myeloproliferative neoplasms and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms, run by Jubilant Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07612280.md - Phase 1/1b/2 Study of Oral PMD-026 in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Phoenix Molecular Designs, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04115306.md - Phase 1/2 Clinical Study of HY07121 Powder for Solution for Infusion in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Test Product HY07121 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Huiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06639256.md - Phase 1/2 Clinical Study of Lutetium Lu 177 JH020002 Injection in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lutetium Lu 177 JH020002 Injection in prostate cancer, run by Bivision Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06139575.md - Phase 1/2 Dose Finding, Safety and PK Study in Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ADC in prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by MBrace Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07145255.md - Phase 1/2 Study Evaluating MCLA-129, a Human Anti-EGFR, Anti-c-MET Bispecific Antibody, in Advanced NSCLC and Other Solid Tumors, Alone and in Combina (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MCLA-129, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merus B.V., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04868877.md - Phase 1/2 Study of Avutometinib (VS-6766) + Sotorasib With or Without Defactinib in KRAS G12C NSCLC Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sotorasib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Verastem, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05074810.md - Phase 1/2 Study of BHB810 in Advanced Gastric and GEJ Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BHB810 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, oesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by BigHat Biosciences, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07529808.md - Phase 1/2 Study of CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CD19 CAR-T; PL001) for Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by Pell Bio-Med Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05326243.md - Phase 1/2 Study of EB-NK-301 (Allogeneic TROP2-CAR NK Cells) in Advanced TROP2-Expressing Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB-NK-301 and Fludarabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07589530.md - Phase 1/2 Study of ETX-636 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Ensem Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06993844.md - Phase 1/2 Study of HS-10370 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HS-10370 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05367778.md - Phase 1/2 Study of HS-10375 in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HS-10375 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05435248.md - Phase 1/2 Study of HYP-2090PTSA in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Test product: HYP-2090PTSA in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Huiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06243354.md - Phase 1/2 Study of IMC-R117C in Selected Advanced Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IMC-R117C in advanced solid tumours, run by Immunocore Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06840119.md - Phase 1/2 Study of Intratumoral Injection of STX-001 in Advanced Solid Tumors as Monotherapy or in Combination With Pembrolizumab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Strand Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06249048.md - Phase 1/2 Study of Intravenous Injection of STX-003 in Advanced Solid Tumors as Monotherapy or in Combination With Pembrolizumab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Strand Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07751042.md - Phase 1/2 Study of MRTX849 in Patients With Cancer Having a KRAS G12C Mutation KRYSTAL-1 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Cetuximab, Afatinib in metastatic cancer, run by Mirati Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03785249.md - Phase 1/2 Study of PYX-201 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Pyxis Oncology, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06795412.md - Phase 1/2 Study of Silevertinib (BDTX-1535) in Patients With Glioblastoma or Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Mutations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Silevertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Black Diamond Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05256290.md - Phase 1/2 Study of TU2218 Alone and in Combination With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TU2218 in advanced solid tumours, run by TiumBio Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05204862.md - Phase 1/2 Study of UCART22 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CD22+ B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BALLI-01) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of UCART22 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Cellectis S.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04150497.md - Phase 1/2 Study of UI-102 in Selected Advanced Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of UI-102 in advanced solid tumours, run by United Immunity, co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07605962.md - Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate EP0062 as Monotherapy and in Combination in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic AR+/HER-2-/ER+ Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EP0062, Elacestrant, Everolimus, Abemaciclib, Fulvestrant and Exemestane in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Ellipses Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05573126.md - Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate TH9619 in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TH9619 in colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by One-carbon Therapeutics AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07151040.md - Phase 1/2 Trial of Gavo-cel (TC-210) in Patients With Advanced Mesothelin-Expressing Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, Nivolumab in mesothelioma and ovarian cancer, run by TCR2 Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03907852.md - Phase 1/2a Study of JAB-21822 Plus JAB-3312 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS p.G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Glecirasib, Sitneprotafib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05288205.md - Phase 1/2a Study of MPB-1734 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MPB-1734 in advanced solid tumours, run by MegaPro Biomedical Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04643418.md - Phase 1/2a Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of WEF-001 as Monotherapy in Advanced KRAS-Mutant Solid Tumours. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of WEF-001 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Auricula Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07148128.md - Phase 1/II Clinical Study of SYS6043 in the Treatment of Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SYS6043 in advanced solid tumours, run by CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07415863.md - Phase 1a and Phase 2 Study for Safety, Preliminary Efficacy, PK and PD of ST-067 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Obinutuzumab, Pembrolizumab in melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, run by Simcha IL-18, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04787042.md - Phase 1b/2 Platform Study of Select Immunotherapy Combinations in Participants With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Servier Bio-Innovation LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06162572.md - Phase 1b/2 Study to Evaluate ABT-101 in Solid Tumor and NSCLC Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ABT-101 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Anbogen Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05532696.md - Phase 1b/2a Randomized Double-blind Study to Investigate Safety Tolerability PK PD Preliminary Efficacy of Oral Administration of SNIPR001 in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy Scheduled for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant Receiving FQ Prophylaxis & Harboring FQR Ecoli Pre-Transplant (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SNIPR001 consists of genetically modified bacteriophages specifically targeting Escherichia coli in advanced solid tumours, run by SNIPR Biome Aps., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06938867.md - Phase 2 Basket Trial of Nab-sirolimus in Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors With Pathogenic Alterations in TSC1/TSC2 Genes (PRECISION 1) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sirolimus protein-bound particles in metastatic cancer, run by Aadi Bioscience, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05103358.md - Phase 2 Cachexia Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ASCA101 (trial): A phase 2 trial of Active Comparator in advanced solid tumours, run by MetaFines, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07168226.md - Phase 2 Futibatinib in Combination With PD-1 Antibody Based Standard of Care in Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Futibatinib, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin in oesophageal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Taiho Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05945823.md - Phase 2 Platform Study in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Lung Cancer Who Progressed on First-Line Osimertinib Therapy (ORCHARD) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib, Savolitinib, Gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03944772.md - Phase 2 Study Evaluating Autologous CD30.CAR-T Cells in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHARIOT) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Fludarabine, Bendamustine in hodgkin lymphoma, run by Tessa Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04268706.md - Phase 2 Study for the Patient, Who Has Diagnosed With Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) or Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) or Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and Finished the First Line Stand Treatment , Need More Treatment (trial): A phase 2 trial of AL8326 40 mg in small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Advenchen Pharmaceuticals, LLC., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05363280.md - Phase 2 Study of Disease Risk Mutation-Guided Finite Acalabrutinib+Venetoclax for Relapsed CLL Post-1L Finite cBTKi+BCL2i ± Obinutuzumab (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acalabrutinib and Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07024706.md - Phase 2 Study of SR-8541A in Combination With Botensilimab and Balstilimab in Subjects With Refractory Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Can (trial): A phase 2 trial of Botensilimab in colorectal cancer, run by Stingray Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06589440.md - Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec in High-Risk NMIBC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by CG Oncology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06567743.md - Phase 2 Trial of Adagrasib Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab and a Phase 3 Trial of Adagrasib in Combination in Patients With a KRAS G (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Adagrasib, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Mirati Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04613596.md - Phase 2 Trial of Voyager V1 in Combination With Cemiplimab in Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab in melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Vyriad, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04291105.md - Phase 2/3 Trial of Izalontamab Brengitecan vs Platinum-based Chemotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Cancer With Disease Progression on or After Immunotherapy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07106762.md - Phase 2b Imaging Study of RAD101 in Participants With Suspected Recurrent Brain Metastases (trial): A phase 2 trial of RAD101 (18F-FPIA) in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Radiopharm Theranostics, Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06777433.md - Phase 3 Study of Gedatolisib as First-Line Treatment for Patients With HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer (VIKTORIA-2) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Fulvestrant, Gedatolisib, Palbociclib and Ribociclib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Celcuity Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06757634.md - Phase 3 Study of MRTX849 With Cetuximab vs Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation (KRYSTAL-10) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cetuximab in colorectal cancer, run by Mirati Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04793958.md - Phase 3 Study of ProstAtak® Immunotherapy With Standard Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Aglatimagene besadenovec in prostate cancer, run by Candel Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01436968.md - Phase 3 Study of RLY-2608 + Fulvestrant vs Capivasertib + Fulvestrant as Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic PIK3CA-mutant HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Zovegalisib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06982521.md - Phase 3 Study of T-DXd and Rilvegostomig Versus SoC in Advanced HER2-expressing Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Durvalumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan and Rilvegostomig in biliary tract cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06467357.md - Phase 3 Study of Taletrectinib vs Placebo as an Adjuvant Therapy in ROS1 Positive NSCLC (TRUST-IV) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Taletrectinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Nuvation Bio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07154706.md - Phase 3 Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of 177Lu-TLX250 in Advanced Relapsed or Recurrent ccRCC (trial): A phase 3 trial of 177Lu-TLX250 in renal cell carcinoma, run by Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07197580.md - Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HER2/Neu Peptide GLSI-100 (GP2 + GM-CSF) in HER2/Neu Positive Subjects (trial): A phase 3 trial testing GLSI-100 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05232916.md - Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Safety & Efficacy of IMNN-001 Administered in Combination w/ Standard NACT & Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Pat (trial): A phase 3 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin, Olaparib in ovarian cancer, run by Imunon, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06915025.md - Phase 3 Trial of Tarlatamab (SC vs IV) in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer After Platinum Based First-line Chemotherapy (ES-SCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07778316.md - Phase I Clinical Study: BG1805 Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BG1805 in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Guangzhou Bio-gene Technology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06118788.md - Phase I Study of Autologous CD8+ and CD4+ Engineered T Cell Receptor T Cells in Subjects With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AFNT-211 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, run by Affini-T Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06105021.md - Phase I Study of sss40 Injection for Moderate-to-Severe Bone Metastatic Cancer Pain (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Injection of humanized nerve growth factor (NGF) antibody in advanced solid tumours, run by Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07008703.md - Phase I-II Clinical Trial of Utidelone Capsule in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing Biostar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05700084.md - Phase I-II, FIH, TROP2 ADC, Advanced Unresectable/Metastatic Solid Tumors, Refractory to Standard Therapies (KL264-01) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan in ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Klus Pharma Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04152499.md - Phase I/II Clinical Study of FH-006 for Injection in Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FH-006 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06735144.md - Phase I/II Clinical Study of GT201 Injection as Monotherapy or in Combination With PD-1 Inhibitor for Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GT201 in advanced solid tumours, run by Grit Biotechnology, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06144671.md - Phase I/II Clinical Study of JMT108 Injection for the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Melanoma and Urinary Tract Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JMT108 in melanoma, run by Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07280832.md - Phase I/II Clinical Study of SHR-1501 Combined With Adbelizumab in Patients With Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Adebrelimab and SHR-1501 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07073534.md - Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ Clinical Study to Evaluate ABO2011 in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06088004.md - Phase I/II Clinical Study to Evaluate VB15010 Tablets in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of VB15010 in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, biliary tract cancer and colorectal cancer, run by Zhejiang Yangli Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06819215.md - Phase I/II FIH Study of 9MW2921 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of 9MW2921 in advanced solid tumours, run by Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05990452.md - Phase I/II Study of IPG1094 in Advanced Solid Tumors Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IPG1094 in advanced solid tumours, run by Nanjing Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06212076.md - Phase I/II Study of Rapcabtagene Autoleucel in CLL, 3L+ DLBCL, r/r ALL and 1L HR LBCL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ibrutinib in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03960840.md - Phase I/II Study of SCTB39-1 in Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SCTB39-1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sinocelltech Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07050641.md - Phase I/II Study: Allogeneic NK-cell Therapy With Chemotherapy for Post-Surgery PDA or Cholangiocarcinoma Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SLOG + Allogeneic NK cell in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and biliary tract cancer, run by Medigen Biotechnology Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06730009.md - Phase I/IIa Study of AZD5335 as Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Participants With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD5335, Saruparib, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05797168.md - Phase Ib/II Clinical Study of QLS1304 Combined With Endocrine Therapy in the Treatment of ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07235176.md - Phase Ib/II Clinical Study of SHR-8068 Combined Anti-tumor Drugs in the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinom (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-8068 in renal cell carcinoma, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07239596.md - Phase Ib/II of TG4001 and Avelumab in HPV16 Positive R/M Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Avelumab in penile cancer, run by Transgene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03260023.md - Phase Ib/II Platform Study of Multiple Anti-Cancer Agents in Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FPI-2265, Actinium-225 PSMA agents, Palacaparib in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07590934.md - Phase Ib/II Trial of Envafolimab Plus Lenvatinib for Subjects With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lenvatinib, Envafolimab, Sunitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05024214.md - Phase Ib/IIa Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of [²¹²Pb]Pb-ADVC001 in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (TheraPb - Phase I/II Study). (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of [²¹²Pb]Pb-ADVC001 (Phase 1b) in prostate cancer, run by AdvanCell Pty Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05720130.md - Phase II Clinical Study of SHR-A1811 in Patients With HER2 Expression / Amplification of Locally Advanced Unresectable or Recurrent Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan in biliary tract cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06413745.md - Phase II Clinical Study of SHR2554 Tablets Combined With Other Anti-tumor Treatments in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subjects (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-A2102, Retlirafusp alfa in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07175220.md - Phase II Clinical Trial of CNCT19 Cell Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of single dose of CNCT19 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04586478.md - Phase II IMNN-001 (Also Known as GEN-1) on SLL With BEV and NACT, Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian, Fallopian Tube or Primary Peritoneal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by Imunon, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05739981.md - Phase II Study Investigating the Combination of Encorafenib and Binimetinib in BRAF V600E Mutated Chinese Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung (trial): A phase 2 trial of Encorafenib, Binimetinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Pierre Fabre Medicament, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05195632.md - Phase II Study of Artesunate Ointment for the Treatment of Vulvar High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (Vulvar HSIL, VIN2/3) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Artesunate ointment in vulvar cancer, run by Frantz Viral Therapeutics, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06075264.md - Phase II Study of Dysplasix™ Intravaginal Suppositories in Patients Patients With High-Risk HPV and Mild Cervical Cytologic Abnormalities (trial): A phase 2 trial of EGCG and Quinine Sulfate Vaginal Suppository in vaginal cancer, run by Amplexd Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07572396.md - Phase II Study of EMB-01 in Recurrent/Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of EMB-01 1600 mg administered once weekly throughout the study in colorectal cancer, run by Shanghai EpimAb Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07314294.md - Phase II Study of LM-24C5 (trial): A phase 2 trial of LM-24C5 in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07387081.md - Phase II Study of QLC2519 in Pediatric Solid Tumor Participants (trial): A phase 2 trial of Albipagrastim alf in childhood cancers, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07724756.md - Phase II Study of QLS32015 Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of QLS32015, Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07018050.md - Phase II Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan in Combination With Osimertinib for Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Resectable Epidermal Growth Facto (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07329322.md - Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant IO102-IO103 and Pembrolizumab KEYTRUDA® in Patients With Resectable Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of IO102-IO103 in melanoma, run by IO Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05280314.md - Phase II Umbrella Study of Novel Anti-cancer Agents in Participants With NSCLC Who Progressed on an Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Containing Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Ceralasertib, Olaparib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03334617.md - Phase II, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HLX43 (an Anti-PD-L1 ADC) in Subjects With Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of HLX43 Dose 1; in colorectal cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07106892.md - Phase II/III Study of SPH4336 Combined With Letrozole vs Placebo Combined With Letrozole in First-line Treatment of Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing SPH4336 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05744687.md - Phase II/III Trial of PRL3-Zumab in Advanced Solid Tumor Patients (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of PRL3-ZUMAB in advanced solid tumours, run by Intra-IMMUSG Pte Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07290088.md - Phase IIa Study of Flonoltinib Maleate Tablets in the Treatment of Patients With Polycythemia Vera (trial): A phase 2 trial of Flonoltinib 75mg in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07232290.md - Phase IIb Study of AST-3424 in Patients With AKR1C3-high Expressing Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Regorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07310173.md - Phase III Clinical Study of VC004 in Patients With Localized Advanced/ Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 3 trial testing VC004, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06658353.md - Phase III Open Label First Line Therapy Study of MEDI 4736 (Durvalumab) With or Without Tremelimumab Versus SOC in Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, Carboplatin, Gemcitabine + cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02453282.md - Phase III Study ：SHR6390/Placebo Combined With Endocrine Therapy for the Adjuvant Treatment of Hormone Receptor Positive,Human Epidermal Receptor 2 Ne (trial): A phase 3 trial of Dalpiciclib in male breast cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04842617.md - Phase III Study of AK112 for NSCLC Patients (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ivonescimab, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Summit Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06396065.md - Phase III Study of Datopotamab Deruxtecan Versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated TROP2-positive Advanced or Metastatic Non-squamous NSCLC Without Acti (trial): A phase 3 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07291037.md - Phase III Study of Envafolimab Versus Placebo Plus Chemotherapy in Resectable Stage III NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Envalfolimab subcutaneously injected+Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy intravenous injection in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06123754.md - Phase III Study of Ivonescimab or Bevacizumab Combined With FOLFOX in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of CAPOX, FLOT in colorectal cancer, run by Summit Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07228832.md - Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig in Combination With Bevacizumab With or Without Tremelimumab as First-line Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tremelimumab, Rilvegostomig, Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06921785.md - Phase III Study of SHR-8068 Combined With Adebrelimab and Chemotherapy Versus Tislelizumab Combined With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Adva (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tislelizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07170995.md - Phase III Study of Socazolimab as First-Line Treatment in Persistent, Recurrent, or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Socazolimab run by Lee's Pharmaceutical Limited in cervical cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06459687.md - Phase III Study of TY-9591 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (FLETEO) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TY-9591 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fleteo.md - Phase III Study to Compare GFH375 and Chemotherapy in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutant Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing GFH375 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07262567.md - Phase III Trial of Anlotinib, Catequentinib in Advanced Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Synovial Sarcoma (APROMISS) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Anlotinib, Dacarbazine in sarcomas, run by Advenchen Laboratories, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03016819.md - Phase III Trial of SYS6010 Versus Platinum-based Chemotherapy for EGFR-mutated NSCLC（SYNSTAR01） (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SYS6010 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06927986.md - Phase III, Open-label Study of First-line Osimertinib With or Without Datopotamab Deruxtecan for EGFRm Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell L (trial): A phase 3 trial of Osimertinib, Datopotamab deruxtecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06350097.md - Phase III, Open-label, First-line Study of Dato-DXd in Combination With Durvalumab and Carboplatin for Advanced NSCLC Without Actionable Genomic Alterations (trial): A phase 3 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Durvalumab, Carboplatin, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05687266.md - Phase III, Open-label, Study of First-line Dato-DXd in Combination With Rilvegostomig for Advanced Non-squamous NSCLC With High PD-L1 Expression (TC ≥ (trial): A phase 3 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Rilvegostomig, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06357533.md - Phase IIIb Clinical Trial of Quadrivalent Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Hansenulapolymorpha) for Age/Immunization Schedule Bridging (trial): A phase 3 trial of 2 doses of vaccine Quadrivalent Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Hansenulapolymorpha) in advanced solid tumours, run by National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06632912.md - Phase IIIb Study of Ribociclib + ET in Early Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ribociclib and Exemestane in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05827081.md - PHERGain (trial): Using an early PET scan to spot responders let a third of women be cured of HER2-positive breast cancer without any chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phergain.md - PhII ICb With/Without Erbitux in MBC Pts (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin and Cetuximab in advanced solid tumours, run by US Oncology Research, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct00248287.md - Photodynamic Therapy of Primary Localized Prostate Cancer With the SpectraCure P18 System (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in prostate cancer, run by SpectraCure AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06807359.md - Pivotal Study to Evaluate YL202 Versus Docetaxel in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic EGFR Sensitive Mutation Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing YL202 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07416994.md - PK, PD, Safety, and Efficacy Study of Gefurulimab in Pediatric Patients With AChR+ Generalized Myasthenia Gravis (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gefurulimab in childhood cancers, run by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06607627.md - Placebo Microneedles in Healthy Volunteers (Part I) and Efficacy/Safety of Doxorubicin Microneedles in Basal Cell Cancer Subjects (Part II) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Doxorubicin in basal cell carcinoma, run by SkinJect, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04928222.md - Placebo-Controlled Trial of IFx-Hu2.0 Followed By Pembrolizumab In Checkpoint Inhibitor Naïve Participants With Advanced Or Metastatic Merkel Cell Car (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Pembrolizumab in merkel cell carcinoma, run by TuHURA Biosciences, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06947928.md - Placebo-controlled, Study of Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy With Pembrolizumab Followed by Pembrolizumab and Olaparib in Newly Diagnosed Treatment- (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Olaparib in small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04624204.md - Plasmodium Immunotherapy for Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of an investigational treatment in advanced solid tumours, run by CAS Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04165590.md - Platform Study of Belantamab Mafodotin as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-cancer Treatments in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Nirogacestat, Dostarlimab in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04126200.md - Platform Study of JDQ443 in Combinations in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring the KRAS G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JDQ443, Trametinib, Ribociclib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05358249.md - PM8002 (BNT327) in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002 in colorectal cancer, run by Biotheus Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07133750.md - PM8002 in Combination With Paclitaxel Compared With Chemotherapy as Second-line Treatment in Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing PM8002 in small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06616532.md - PM8002 in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PM8002 in advanced solid tumours, run by Biotheus Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05918445.md - PM8002 or Placebo Plus Nab-Paclitaxel as First-line Treatment in Inoperable Locally Advanced/Metastatic TNBC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing PM8002 in triple-negative breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06419621.md - POLARIX (trial): The trial that improved on R-CHOP for the first time in twenty years, by swapping vincristine for an ADC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polarix.md - POLO (trial): The first biomarker-directed drug approval in pancreatic cancer, for the roughly 5-7% with inherited BRCA mutations, though it did not extend overall survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/polo.md - Polymeric Micellar Paclitaxel for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Shanghai Yizhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06752811.md - Ponsegromab phase 2 in cancer cachexia (trial): The first drug to hit the hormone behind cancer wasting: patients on the highest dose gained nearly 3 kg more than placebo in 12 weeks and reported better appetite and more activity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ponsegromab-phase-2.md - PORTEC-3 (trial): Adding chemotherapy to radiation after surgery helped women with high-risk endometrial cancer, especially those whose tumours have a broken p53 gene. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/portec-3.md - Positron Emission Tomography Using 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA in Participants With High-risk Prostate Cancer Prior to Radical Prostatectomy (trial): A phase 3 trial of 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA in prostate cancer, run by Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06056830.md - Post-Surgical Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) Versus GammaTile-ROADS (Radiation One and Done Study) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gamma Tile-Surgically Targeted Radiation Therapy (STaRT) in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by GT Medical Technologies, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04365374.md - postMONARCH (trial): Continuing CDK4/6 blockade with a different drug after the first one fails gives a small but real benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/postmonarch.md - POTOMAC (trial): Adding a year of durvalumab to standard BCG bladder instillations cut the risk of recurrence or progression by about a third, the first systemic immunotherapy approved in early bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/potomac.md - PRECISION (trial): PRECISION proved that an MRI first finds more dangerous cancers with fewer biopsies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/precision-mri.md - Precision-T: A Randomized Study of Orca-T in Recipients Undergoing Allogeneic Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies (trial): A phase 3 trial of Orca-T in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Orca Biosystems, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05316701.md - PREHAB: multimodal prehabilitation before colorectal cancer surgery (trial): PREHAB showed that four weeks of supervised training, protein and support before bowel cancer surgery cut severe complications and sped recovery, in an international randomised trial of 251 patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prehab-trial.md - Premedication to Reduce Amivantamab Associated Infusion Related Reactions (trial): A phase 2 trial of Dexamethasone, Methotrexate, Amivantamab and Lazertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05663866.md - PREOPANC-1 / PREOPANC-2 (trial): Dutch trials testing whether treating before surgery beats operating first. Chemoradiation first helped in the long run; FOLFIRINOX first did not clearly beat surgery-first with adjuvant chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/preopanc.md - PRGN-2009 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in cervical cancer, run by Precigen, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06157151.md - PRIMA / ENGOT-OV26 (trial): Extended PARP maintenance to women without BRCA mutations, but the survival benefit did not materialise on longer follow-up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prima.md - PRISM-MEL-301 (trial): Tests whether a PRAME-directed T-cell engager adds to first-line immunotherapy in ordinary skin melanoma, following tebentafusp's success in the eye form. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prism-mel-301.md - PRISM-NK: Precision-Matched Allogeneic Single- or Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB-PT-CAR-NK-S in advanced solid tumours, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07510828.md - PRL3-Zumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of PRL3-ZUMAB in advanced solid tumours, run by Intra-IMMUSG Pte Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07541001.md - ProAgio in Combination With Gemcitabine in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ProAgio Dose Levels (DL) 1,2,3,4 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by ProDa BioTech, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06460298.md - Probiotics for Abemaciclib-Induced Abdominal Discomfort. (trial): A phase 2 trial of an investigational treatment in advanced solid tumours, run by Leeuwenhoek Laboratories Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07605728.md - PRODIGE 24 / CCTG PA6 (trial): Showed that giving the strong four-drug chemotherapy after pancreatic surgery adds years of life for fit patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prodige-24.md - PROfound (trial): The first biomarker-selected trial in prostate cancer to improve survival, using a PARP inhibitor in men with BRCA-type mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/profound.md - Programmed Death Ligand (PD-L1) Combined With Chemotherapy for Patients With BTC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Envafolimab, Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in biliary tract cancer, run by 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03478488.md - PROMID (trial): Showed for the first time that a hormone-suppressing injection also slows neuroendocrine tumour growth. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/promid.md - PROpel (trial): Showed PARP inhibitor plus abiraterone delays progression in first-line mCRPC, with the largest benefit in BRCA-mutant men. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/propel.md - proPSMA (trial): Proved PSMA PET is far more accurate than conventional scans for staging, with less radiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/propsma.md - ProtecT (trial): Showed that men with screen-detected prostate cancer die of it rarely, whether monitored or treated, establishing active surveillance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/protect.md - PROUD-PV and CONTINUATION-PV (trial): PROUD-PV and its extension showed that ropeginterferon matches hydroxyurea in the first year and then pulls ahead, with more complete responses and far more molecular responses by three years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/proud-pv.md - Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Cancer Patients With Adjustment Disorder (trial): A phase 2 trial of Psilocybin therapy in endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Psyence Australia Pty Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07072728.md - PSMA PET Combined With MRI for the Detection of PCa (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gallium-68 gozetotide in prostate cancer, run by Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07052214.md - PSMA-PET to Guide Prostatectomy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of an investigational treatment in prostate cancer, run by Five Eleven Pharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05381103.md - PSMAddition (trial): PSMAddition moved the radioligand Pluvicto into the first treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, given alongside hormone therapy, and the FDA approved this use on 31 July 2026. It delayed progression on scans, but severe side effects were more common and whether it lengthens life is not yet known. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psmaddition.md - PSMAfore (trial): PSMAfore moved Pluvicto before chemotherapy in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psmafore.md - PT-1 (Primary Thrombocythaemia 1) (trial): PT-1 is the trial that made hydroxyurea the first-line drug in high-risk ET: anagrelide gave more arterial clots, more serious bleeding and more progression to myelofibrosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pt-1.md - PTT-936 Alone or in Combination in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PTT-936 in advanced solid tumours, run by Pyrotech Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06244992.md - Pucotenlimab Plus Becotatug Vedotin in Perioperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pucotenlimab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07586124.md - PUL-042 Treatment in Patients With Parainfluenza Virus (PIV), Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) or Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (trial): A phase 2 trial of PUL-042 in advanced solid tumours, run by Pulmotect, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06665100.md - Purinostat Mesylate Combined With Pomalidomide Capsules and Low-dose Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Purinostat in multiple myeloma, run by Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06484829.md - Puxitatug Samrotecan (AZD8205) Monotherapy vs Chemotherapy in B7-H4-selected Endometrial Cancer (Bluestar-Endometrial01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Puxitatug samrotecan, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07044336.md - QLC5508 vs. Chemotherapy in Pretreated Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing QLC5508 in oesophageal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07463573.md - QuANTUM-First (trial): Roughly doubled median survival in the most aggressive FLT3 subtype by adding a selective FLT3 blocker to chemotherapy, including in patients over 60. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quantum-first.md - Quaratusugene Ozeplasmid (Reqorsa) and Atezolizumab Maintenance Therapy in ES-SCLC Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Atezolizumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Genprex, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05703971.md - Quaratusugene Ozeplasmid (Reqorsa) and Osimertinib in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer Who Progressed on Osimertinib (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Genprex, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04486833.md - QUILT 3.032 (trial): An IL-15 booster given with BCG produced complete responses in about 70% of patients with BCG-unresponsive carcinoma in situ and kept most bladders intact for years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quilt-3-032.md - QUILT-3.055: A Study of Combination Immunotherapies in Patients Who Have Previously Received Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by ImmunityBio, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03228667.md - RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4 (trial): The two trials that made everolimus a standard pill for pancreatic, lung and gut neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiant-3-4.md - RAINBOW (trial): Made ramucirumab plus paclitaxel the standard second-line stomach cancer treatment, a role it held for a decade until Enhertu and Claudin drugs arrived. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rainbow.md - RAINFOL-01 (Rina-S) (trial): A next-generation folate-receptor ADC that works even in tumours with low folate receptor, with responses in both ovarian and endometrial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rainfol-01.md - RAMP 201 (trial): RAMP 201 produced the first approved treatment designed for low-grade serous ovarian cancer, a slow-growing type driven by the RAS pathway that shrugs off chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramp-201.md - Randomized Controlled Trial of CAN-2409 Immunotherapy During Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (ULYSSES) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Aglatimagene besadenovec in prostate cancer, run by Candel Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02768363.md - Randomized Controlled Trial of Remote Symptoms Monitoring With Resilience PRO Compared to Care As Usual Only (trial): A phase 3 trial of Resilience PRO in advanced solid tumours, run by Resilience, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06867705.md - Randomized Evaluation of Radotinib Versus Imatinib in Phase III Study for Efficacy With Chinese Patients (RERISE China) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Imatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Il-Yang Pharm. Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03722420.md - Randomized, Double-blind Study Comparing Tremelimumab to Placebo in Subjects With Unresectable Malignant Mesothelioma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tremelimumab in mesothelioma, run by MedImmune LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01843374.md - RAPA-201 Therapy of Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Rapa Therapeutics LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05144698.md - RASolute 302 (trial): The trial that nearly doubled survival in previously treated pancreatic cancer, presented in the ASCO 2026 plenary. The biggest result in the disease's history. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rasolute-302.md - RATHL (trial): Showed that patients whose PET scan is clear after two cycles can safely drop bleomycin and its lung toxicity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rathl.md - RATIFY (CALGB 10603) (trial): The trial that made FLT3 the first targetable mutation in AML: adding midostaurin to chemotherapy tripled median survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ratify.md - RATIONALE-302 (trial): The global trial in which tislelizumab beat chemotherapy for oesophageal cancer that had progressed after first treatment, which carried it to approval in the US, Europe and Japan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rationale-302.md - RATIONALE-306 (trial): RATIONALE-306 is the trial behind tislelizumab's US approval for squamous oesophageal cancer, with the biggest gains in PD-L1-positive tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rationale-306.md - RC148 Plus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy vs Tislelizumab Plus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for First-Line Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (sqNSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing RC148 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sqnsclc.md - Recombinant Human IL-21-expressing Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Injection (hV01) in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Recombinant human IL-21-expressing oncolytic vaccinia virus injection in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Hangzhou Converd Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07006077.md - REFLECT (trial): Lenvatinib matched sorafenib on survival with more tumour shrinkage, giving a second first-line option after a decade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reflect.md - REGN15505 (PSMAx4-1BB) Alone or in Combination With Cemiplimab or REGN4336 (PSMAxCD3) in Adult Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab in prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07594106.md - REJOICE-Ovarian01 (trial): Tests whether a CDH6-targeting ADC with Enhertu's payload can beat chemotherapy in resistant ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rejoice-ovarian01.md - Relacorilant in Combination With Different Treatment Regimens in Patients With Gynecological Cancers (trial): A phase 2 trial of Relacorilant and Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Corcept Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06906341.md - Relacorilant With Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Relacorilant and Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Corcept Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07259317.md - RELATIVITY-047 (trial): Proved that adding a LAG-3 blocker to PD-1 blockade delays progression, with far less toxicity than the ipilimumab combination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relativity-047.md - RELATIVITY-098 (trial): Adding relatlimab to adjuvant nivolumab did not reduce recurrence, so the LAG-3 combination stays a treatment for measurable disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/relativity-098.md - RELIANCE (trial): The trial that made relma-cel the first CAR-T developed and manufactured in China to be approved, with three quarters of patients responding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reliance.md - Relmacabtagene Autoleucel As Second-Line Therapy in Adult Patients with Aggressive B-cell NHL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Relmacabtagene autoleucel, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in follicular lymphoma, run by Shanghai Ming Ju Biotechnology Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06093841.md - RESONATE (trial): The trial that made a daily pill the standard for relapsed CLL, cutting the risk of progression by nearly 80%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resonate.md - RESORCE (trial): RESORCE delivered the first second-line survival benefit in liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/resorce.md - RESPONSE (trial): RESPONSE showed that ruxolitinib controls the haematocrit and shrinks the spleen in PV patients hydroxyurea has failed, and won the first drug approval specific to that setting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/response.md - RESPONSE-2 (trial): RESPONSE-2 extended ruxolitinib's benefit to PV patients without an enlarged spleen: three times as many reached haematocrit control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/response-2.md - Retinoblastoma Phase II Expanded Access Clinical Trial (trial): A phase 2 trial of Topotecan in retinoblastoma, run by Targeted Therapy Technologies, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06679634.md - REZILIENT3 (REsearching ZIpaLertinib In Egfr Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Zipalertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05973773.md - Ribociclib (LEE011) Rollover Study for Continued Access (trial): A phase 2 trial of LEE011 in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02934568.md - Rilvegostomig + Chemotherapy as Adjuvant Therapy for Biliary Tract Cancer After Resection (ARTEMIDE-Biliary01) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rilvegostomig, Capecitabine and Gemcitabine + cisplatin in biliary tract cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06109779.md - RO7771950 Versus Tucatinib in Combination With Trastuzumab and Capecitabine in People With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer That is Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing RO7771950 in HER2-positive breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07413939.md - ROAR (anaplastic thyroid cancer cohort) (trial): Turned the most lethal thyroid cancer from a months-long death sentence into a treatable disease for the third of patients whose tumours carry a BRAF mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roar-atc.md - ROCKET-CLL Global Phase 3 Study: Rocbrutinib vs Pirtobrutinib in cBTKi-Pretreated R/R CLL/SLL (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Rocbrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07342478.md - Roll Over StudY for Patients Who Have Completed a Previous Oncology Study With Olaparib (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olaparib in ovarian cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04421963.md - Roll Over StudY for Patients Who Have Completed a Previous Oncology Study With Osimertinib (TAGRISSO) (ROSY-T) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Osimertinib in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05629234.md - Roll-over Study for Patients Who Have Completed a Prior Novartis-sponsored Sabatolimab (MBG453) Study and Are Judged by the Investigator to Benefit From Continued Treatment With Sabatolimab. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Decitabine, Azacitidine and Venetoclax in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05201066.md - Rollover Study for Participants Who Have Been Treated With and Are Continuing to Benefit From Opnurasib as a Single Agent or in Combination With Other (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JDQ443, Trametinib, Cetuximab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07468071.md - Rollover Study to Provide Continued Treatment for Participants With B-Cell Malignancies Previously Enrolled in Studies of Parsaclisib (INCB050465) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Parsaclisib, Ruxolitinib and Ibrutinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Incyte Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04509700.md - ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2 (trial): ROMANA 1 and 2 were two phase 3 trials of an appetite-hormone mimic in lung cancer patients with wasting. Patients gained muscle but not grip strength, which split regulators: approved in Japan, rejected in Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/romana-1-2.md - Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b (P1101) vs. Anagrelide in Essential Thrombocythemia Patients With Hydroxyurea Resistance or Intolerance (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ropeginterferon alfa-2b and Anagrelide in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by PharmaEssentia, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04285086.md - ROSELLA / GOG-3073 (trial): Blocking cortisol signalling in tumour cells made chemotherapy work better and extended life in resistant ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rosella.md - ROSETTA Breast-01: The Effects and Safety of Pumitamig in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of PM8002, Gemcitabine, Carboplatin and Eribulin in triple-negative breast cancer, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07173751.md - RRx-001 for Reducing Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and Radiation for Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by EpicentRx, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05966194.md - RTOG 0129 (HPV analysis) (trial): The analysis that showed HPV-positive throat cancers are a different, far more curable disease, launching two decades of de-escalation research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rtog-0129.md - RUBY / ENGOT-EN6 / GOG-3031 (trial): Adding immunotherapy to first chemotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer extended life by more than a year on average, most dramatically in tumours with a broken DNA spell-checker. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ruby.md - RVU120 for Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Lower-risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (trial): A phase 2 trial of RVU120 (SEL120) in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by GCP-Service International West GmbH, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06243458.md - RxPONDER (SWOG S1007) (trial): Postmenopausal women with a few positive lymph nodes and a low gene-test score can skip chemotherapy; premenopausal women still benefit from it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rxponder.md - S-531011 as Monotherapy and in Combination With an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Shionogi, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05101070.md - S095035 as a Single Agent and in Combination in Adult Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors With Deletion of MTAP (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TNG462 in advanced solid tumours, run by Servier Bio-Innovation LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06188702.md - SABR-COMET: stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligometastatic cancer (trial): The randomised trial that made treating a handful of metastases with pinpoint radiotherapy respectable: survival was longer with SABR, and at five years more than twice as many patients were alive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sabr-comet.md - Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With P (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06170788.md - Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Post Platinum and Post Immunotherapy Endometrial Cancer (MK-2870-005) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06132958.md - Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Plus Pembrolizumab Versus TPC in TNBC Who Did Not Achieve pCR (MK-2870-012) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Sacituzumab tirumotecan and Capecitabine in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06393374.md - Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Versus Chemotherapy in Previously Treated Advanced or Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Docetaxel, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06074588.md - Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Versus Pemetrexed and Carboplatin Combination Therapy in Participants With Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR)-Mutated, A (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06305754.md - Sacituzumab Tirumotecan in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Thymic Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan in thymoma and thymic carcinoma, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07324629.md - Safely Optimizing Body Weight With Mifomelatide (TCMCB07) in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Colorectal Cancer (CRC) or Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Undergoing Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of TCMCB07 in colorectal cancer, run by Endevica Bio, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06937177.md - Safety and Diagnostic Performance of uPAR PET Imaging in Localised, Untreated Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 in prostate cancer, run by Curasight, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06474806.md - Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of BZ371A Topically Applied on Prostatectomized Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tadalafil 5mg in prostate cancer, run by Biozeus Biopharmaceutical S.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05558007.md - Safety and Efficacy of ALLO-501A Anti-CD19 Allogeneic CAR T Cells in Adults With Relapsed/Refractory Large B Cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (ALPHA2) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ALLO-647, Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Allogene Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04416984.md - Safety and Efficacy of APG-157 in Head and Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of APG-157 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Aveta Biomics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05312710.md - Safety and Efficacy of Asciminib in Pediatrics and Young Adults With Relapse/Refractory (r/r) Philadelphia Positive (Ph+) or ABL-class Ph-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Asciminib, Dexamethasone, Vincristine, Blinatumomab, Methotrexate and Cytarabine in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07387926.md - Safety and Efficacy of BNT327, an Investigational Therapy in Combination With Chemotherapy for Patients With Untreated Small-cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of PM8002, Atezolizumab, Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06712355.md - Safety and Efficacy of EIK1001 in Combo With Pembro Versus Placebo and Pembro as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing EIK1001 in melanoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06697301.md - Safety and Efficacy of FE 999326 Administered Intravesically to Japanese Subjects With High-grade, BCG Unresponsive, Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of FE 999326 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Ferring Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05704244.md - Safety and Efficacy of Glumetinib Combined With Docetaxel for Injection (Albumin-bound) in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma and Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Glumetinib and Docetaxel in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06947291.md - Safety and Efficacy of GYA01 (CART84) in Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic T Leukemia Patients (T-ALL). (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CART84 in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Gyala Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07471789.md - Safety and Efficacy of HCB101 in Combination With Multiple Agents in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine, Ramucirumab and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by FBD Biologics Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06771622.md - Safety and Efficacy of IMC-F106C as a Single Agent and in Combination With Checkpoint Inhibitors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Brenetafusp, Pembrolizumab, Tebentafusp and Bevacizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Immunocore Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04262466.md - Safety and Efficacy of Immuncell-LC With Gemcitabine in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by GC Cell Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04969731.md - Safety and Efficacy of KLS-1 Monotherapy in Malignant Neoplasms (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zinc-64 Aspartate in advanced solid tumours, run by Vector Vitale LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06506643.md - Safety and Efficacy of KRT-232 in Combination With Acalabrutinib in Subjects With R/R DLBCL or R/R CLL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of KRT-232, Acalabrutinib in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma, run by Kartos Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04502394.md - Safety and Efficacy of L19TNF Plus Temozolomide Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Philogen S.p.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04443010.md - Safety and Efficacy of Mitazalimab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CD40 agonist mitazalimab in combination with chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Alligator Bioscience AB, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04888312.md - Safety and Efficacy of NEO212 in Patients With Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype or Brain Metastasis (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ipilimumab, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab in cervical cancer and colorectal cancer, run by Neonc Technologies, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06047379.md - Safety and Efficacy of OBX-115 in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of OBX-115 in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Obsidian Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06060613.md - Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Children and Young Adults With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (MK-3475-667/KEYNOTE-667) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Doxorubicin, Vinblastine in hodgkin lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03407144.md - Safety and Efficacy of Ponatinib for Treatment of Pediatric Recurrent or Refractory Leukemias, Lymphomas or Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ponatinib in acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Incyte Biosciences International Sàrl, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03934372.md - Safety and Efficacy of Quizartinib in Children and Young Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a Cancer of the Blood (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Quizartinib, Fludarabine, Cytarabine and Etoposide in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03793478.md - Safety and Efficacy of RVU120 Combined With Venetoclax for Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory AML (trial): A phase 2 trial of Venetoclax in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Ryvu Therapeutics SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06191263.md - Safety and Efficacy of SHR2554 Combined With Other Antitumor Therapies in Gastric or Gastro-oesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan and Retlirafusp alfa in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07102901.md - Safety and Efficacy of SMART101 in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Hematological Malignancies After T Cell Depleted Allo-HSCT (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Allogeneic T cell progenitors, cultured ex-vivo in advanced solid tumours, run by Smart Immune SAS, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04959903.md - Safety and Efficacy of SPH4336 in Combination With Endocrine Therapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing SPH4336 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05860465.md - Safety and Efficacy of VB10.16 and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Nykode Therapeutics ASA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06016920.md - Safety and Efficacy Study in Recurrent or Progressive Grade III or IV IDH1 Mutated Glioma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Perillyl alcohol in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Neonc Technologies, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02704858.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of An Anti-CD38 Antibody Drug Conjugate in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of STI-6129 in multiple myeloma, run by Zhejiang ACEA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05565807.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of CFI-402411 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Treadwell Therapeutics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04521413.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of Epcoritamab in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter's Syndrome (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Epcoritamab, Prednisone, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Rituximab and Vincristine in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04623541.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of GEN1046 as a Single Agent or in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Recurrent (Non-small Cell) Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acasunlimab, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05117242.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of Intravesical Instillation of TARA-002 in Adults With High-grade Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of TARA-002 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Protara Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05951179.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of Investigational Agents as Monotherapy or in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) for the Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC) in Need of Second-Line Therapy (MK-3475-B98/KEYNOTE-B98) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Lenvatinib and Favezelimab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04938817.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of NUV-1511 in Adult Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of NUV-1511 in prostate cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer, run by Nuvation Bio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06334432.md - Safety and Efficacy Study of Zamtocabtagene Autoleucel (MB-CART2019.1) in Pediatric Patients With R/R B-Cell Neoplasms (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zamtocabtagene autoleucel in advanced solid tumours, run by Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06508931.md - Safety and Efficacy Trial of Epcoritamab Combinations in Subjects With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04663347.md - Safety and Performance of a Novel Infusion Catheter System for Peri/Intratumoral Gemcitabine Delivery in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Smartwise Sweden AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07575191.md - Safety and Pharmacokinetics of ODM-208 in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Opevesostat in prostate cancer, run by Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03436485.md - Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of a Modified Tafasitamab IV Dosing Regimen Combined With Lenalidomide in R-R DLBCL Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tafasitamab, Lenalidomide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Incyte Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05222555.md - Safety and Preliminary Anti-Tumor Activity of TYRA-300 in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors With FGFR3 Gene Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TYRA-300 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Tyra Biosciences, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05544552.md - Safety and Preliminary Effectiveness of BNT317, an Investigational Therapy for Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BNT317 DL1 in advanced solid tumours, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06750185.md - Safety and Preliminary Effectiveness of BNT327, an Investigational Therapy for Breast Cancer, When Given in Combination With Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin, Gemcitabine and Eribulin in triple-negative breast cancer, run by BioNTech SE, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06449222.md - Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Pumitamig (BNT327), an Investigational Therapy for Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Combination With Che (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM8002, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06841055.md - Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of SA53-OS in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SA53-OS (phase 1) in advanced solid tumours, run by Lamassu Bio Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06578624.md - Safety and Tolerability of JSKN003 in Chinese Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JSKN003 in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu Alphamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05744427.md - Safety and Tolerability of TNG456 Alone and in Combination With Abemaciclib in Patients With Solid Tumors With MTAP Loss (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TNG456, Abemaciclib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Tango Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06810544.md - Safety and Tolerability of TNG462 in Patients With MTAP-deleted Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TNG462 and Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Tango Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05732831.md - Safety and Tolerability Study of GIM-122 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GIM122 in advanced solid tumours, run by Georgiamune Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06028074.md - Safety and Tolerability Study of GIM-531 in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GIM-531 in melanoma, run by Georgiamune Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06425926.md - Safety Study of Gene Modified Donor T-cells Following Partially Mismatched Stem Cell Transplant (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BPX-501 dose 1 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01744223.md - Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of BNT327 in Combination With Chemotherapy and Other Investigational Agents for Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of PM8002, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BioNTech SE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06712316.md - Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Continuous Subcutaneous Lenalidomide in Multiple Myeloma (MM) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lenalidomide, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by Starton Therapeutics, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06087653.md - Safety, Immunogenicity and Preliminary Clinical Activity Study of PDC*lung01 Cancer Vaccine in NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by PDC*line Pharma SAS, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03970746.md - Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Activity of AZD0171 in Combination With Durvalumab and Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab and Gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04999969.md - Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of AI-081, a Bispecific Antibody for PD-1 And VEGF in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AI-081 in advanced solid tumours, run by OncoC4, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06635785.md - Safety, PK and Efficacy of ONC-392 in Monotherapy and in Combination of Anti-PD-1 in Advanced Solid Tumors and NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gotistobart, Pembrolizumab, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by OncoC4, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04140526.md - Safety, PK, and Preliminary Efficacy of MBRC-101 in Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Antibody-Drug Conjugate in advanced solid tumours, run by MBrace Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06014658.md - Safety, Preliminary Effectiveness of BNT327, an Investigational Therapy for Patients With Small-cell Lung Cancer in Combination With Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Etoposide, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in small-cell lung cancer, run by BioNTech SE, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06449209.md - Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of AT101 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AT101 in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by AbClon, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05338931.md - Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of BH011 in Subjects With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BH011 in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Zhuhai Beihai Biotech Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06732531.md - Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of CJRB-101 With Pembrolizumab in Subjects With Selected Types of Advanced or Metastatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma and metastatic cancer, run by CJ Bioscience, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05877430.md - SAL-0951 in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Anemia in Patients With Non-myeloid Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of SAL-0951 tablets 4mg in advanced solid tumours, run by Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06737081.md - Saltikva for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine and Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Salspera LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04589234.md - SANET-ep and SANET-p (trial): In the SANET trials, a Chinese anti-angiogenic pill slowed both gut and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, but its US application was refused. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sanet.md - SANO (trial): For the third of patients whose tumour vanishes after chemoradiation, watching closely and operating only if it comes back gave the same survival as immediate surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sano.md - Sapanisertib and Serabelisib (PIKTOR) in Various Combinations in Patients With HR+/HER2- Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Serabelisib, Sapanisertib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Faeth Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07558733.md - Sapanisertib and Serabelisib (PIKTOR) With Paclitaxel and a Substudy With an Insulin-Suppressing Diet in Patients With Advanced/Recurrent Endometrial (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sapanisertib, Serabelisib, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer, run by Faeth Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06463028.md - SARAH and SIRveNIB (trial): Two large trials found radioactive beads were gentler than sorafenib but did not help patients live longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarah-sirvenib.md - SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (GEO-CM04S1) Versus mRNA SARS-COV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Blood Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of COVID-19 Vaccine in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma, run by GeoVax, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04977024.md - Saruparib (AZD5305) Plus Camizestrant or Plus Endocrine Therapy, Compared With CDK4/6 Inhibitor Plus Endocrine Therapy or Plus Camizestrant in HR-Positive, HER2-Negative (IHC 0, 1+, 2+/ ISH Non-amplified), BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2m Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Saruparib, Camizestrant, Abemaciclib, Ribociclib, Palbociclib and Fulvestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06380751.md - Saruparib (AZD5305) vs Placebo in Men With Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Receiving Physician's Choice New Hormonal Agents (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Saruparib in prostate cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06120491.md - Savolitinib Combine With Durvalumab in EGFR Wild-type Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Savolitinib and Durvalumab in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05374603.md - Savolitinib Plus Durvalumab Versus Sunitinib and Durvalumab Monotherapy in MET-Driven, Unresectable and Locally Advanced or Metastatic PRCC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Savolitinib, Durvalumab, Sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05043090.md - Savolitinib Plus Osimertinib Versus Platinum-based Doublet Chemotherapy in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Have Progressed on Osimertinib Treatment (trial): A phase 3 trial of Savolitinib, Osimertinib, Pemetrexed, Cisplatin and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05261399.md - Savolitinib vs. Sunitinib in MET-driven PRCC. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Savolitinib and Sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03091192.md - SCARLET (SWOG S2212) (trial): Tests whether the anthracycline can be dropped from TNBC pre-surgery treatment without losing effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scarlet-s2212.md - SCIB1 and iSCIB1+ in Melanoma Patients Receiving Nivolumab With Ipilimumab or SCIB1 With Pembrolizumab (The SCOPE Study) (trial): A phase 2 trial of SCIB1 or iSCIB1+ DNA vaccine in melanoma, run by Scancell Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04079166.md - SCTB41 Combined With Chemotherapy in Advanced Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing SCTB41 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07662395.md - SELECT (trial): Turned lenvatinib into the main drug for thyroid cancers that no longer take up radioactive iodine, quadrupling the time before the disease grew. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/select-lenvatinib.md - Selinexor (KPT-330) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Selinexor in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02227251.md - Selinexor and Backbone Treatments of Multiple Myeloma Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Selinexor, Dexamethasone, Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02343042.md - SENTICOL III (trial): Tests whether removing only the first draining lymph nodes is safe enough to spare women the lymphoedema of full node removal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/senticol-iii.md - Sepantronium Bromide for the Treatment of High-grade B-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sepantronium Bromide in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Cothera Bioscience, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05263583.md - Sequential Chemotherapy With Befotertinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients With Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR-TKI (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07181499.md - SEQUOIA (trial): Zanubrutinib beat chemoimmunotherapy in untreated CLL and delivered a 72% five-year progression-free rate in the hardest genetic subgroup. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sequoia.md - SERENA-6 (trial): The first trial to change treatment because of a blood test rather than a scan: switching to camizestrant when an ESR1 mutation appeared in the blood delayed progression by seven months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serena-6.md - SH-1028 Tablets Versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy in Resected Stage II-IIIB NSCLC With Sensitizing EGFR Mutations (trial): A phase 3 trial of SH-1028 tablets in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06080776.md - SHARP (trial): SHARP was the 2008 trial that gave liver cancer its first life-extending drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sharp.md - SHR-1701 in Combination With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin and Retlirafusp alfa in colorectal cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05300269.md - SHR-8068 in Combination With Adebrelimab, Bevacizumab, and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SHR-8068, Adebrelimab, Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Bevacizumab in biliary tract cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06465563.md - SHR-A1811 Combination Regimen for the Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Bevacizumab, SHR-8068 in cervical cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06859775.md - SHR-A1811 for Subjects With Her2-positive Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma After Progression on or After First-line Anti-HER2 Therapy-containing Regimen (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Docetaxel and Ramucirumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06123494.md - SHR-A1811 Versus Investigator's Chemotherapy in Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer Clinical Trial (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab rezetecan, Capecitabine, Eribulin, Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05814354.md - SHR-A1921 for Injection in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing SHR-A1921 in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06394492.md - SI-B001 Combined With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of EGFR/ALK WT Recurrent or Metastatic NSCLC. (trial): A phase 2 trial of SI-B001, Cisplatin, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05020457.md - SI-B001 Combined With Osimertinib Mesylate Tablets in the Treatment of Recurrent Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing SI-B001 in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05020769.md - SIGMA (Safusidenib in IDH1 Mutant Glioma Maintenance) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Safusidenib in glioma & glioblastoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05303519.md - Single-arm Study of IgPro20 in Adults With Secondary Immune Deficiencies Due to Hematologic Malignancies Treated With B-cell Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell and T-cell Redirecting Therapies (trial): A phase 3 trial of IgPro20 in advanced solid tumours, run by CSL Behring, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07648264.md - Single-injection depot progesterone before breast surgery (Tata Memorial) (trial): A single cheap hormone injection before breast surgery did not help every woman, but in those whose cancer had reached the lymph nodes it improved survival at five years, a finding still being tested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/progesterone-preop-tmh.md - SIOPEN HR-NBL1 (trial): Europe's long-running high-risk neuroblastoma trial set busulfan-melphalan as the transplant regimen and showed that adding IL-2 to anti-GD2 therapy added toxicity but not benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hr-nbl1.md - Sirolimus for Injection (Albumin Bound) Combined With Octreotide Long-acting Injection in Patients With Metastatic Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Everolimus in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07165886.md - Sirolimus for Injection (Albumin-bound) in Combination With Endocrine Therapy for HR+/HER2- Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Who Have Failed Standard Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Exemestane and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06957379.md - SKB103 for Injection in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SKB103 for injection monotherapy in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07459998.md - SKB105 for Injection in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SKB105 for injection Monotherapy in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07380386.md - SKB118 Injection in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SKB118 Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07586943.md - SKB264 Combinatiton Therapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab tirumotecan, KL-A167, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05351788.md - SKB264 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Subjects With Selected Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Klus Pharma Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05642780.md - SKB264 in Combination With SKB118 for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of SKB264+SKB118 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07697586.md - SKB264 Injection vs Investigator Selected Regimens to Treat Locally Advanced, Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of SKB264 in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05347134.md - SKB264 Monotherapy in Selected Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Docetaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05631262.md - SKB500 Combinations in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tislelizumab and Cisplatin in oesophageal cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07700667.md - SKB500 Combinations in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of KL-A167, Carboplatin, Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07296809.md - SKB565 for Injection in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SKB565 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07545265.md - SL-28 for Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SL-28 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, oesophageal cancer, gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Second Life Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07341737.md - SMP-3124LP in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SMP3124LP in advanced solid tumours, run by Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06526819.md - SNB-101 for Treatment of Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SNB-101 in small-cell lung cancer, run by SN BioScience, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07391813.md - SNV4818 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant and Palbociclib in advanced solid tumours, run by Pikavation Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06736704.md - SOFT & TEXT (trial): For younger women, shutting down the ovaries and adding an aromatase inhibitor prevents more recurrences than tamoxifen alone, with the largest gains in the highest-risk women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/soft-text.md - SOHO-01 (trial): SOHO-01 is the study behind the second oral HER2 pill for lung cancer, approved in November 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/soho-01.md - SOLAR-1 (trial): The first trial to show a PI3K inhibitor helps in breast cancers carrying a PIK3CA mutation, at the cost of high blood sugar and rash. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/solar-1.md - SOLO-1 (trial): Two years of an olaparib pill after chemotherapy made a large share of women with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer long-term survivors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/solo-1.md - Sonesitatug Vedotin in Combination With Capecitabine With or Without Rilvegostomig in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junction, or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Expressing Claudin18.2 (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sonesitatug vedotin, Rilvegostomig, Nivolumab, Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin and Zolbetuximab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07431281.md - Sonocloud-9 in Association With Carboplatin Versus Standard-of-Care Chemotherapies (CCNU or TMZ) in Recurrent GBM (trial): A phase 3 trial of Carboplatin and Temozolomide in glioma & glioblastoma, run by CarThera, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05902169.md - Soquelitinib vs Standard of Care in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified, Follicular Helper T-cell Lymphomas, or Systemic Anaplastic Large-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Soquelitinib in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06561048.md - Sotevtamab (AB-16B5) Combined With FOLFOX as Neoadjuvant Treatment Prior to Resection of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis (trial): A phase 2 trial of FOLFOX in colorectal cancer, run by Alethia Biotherapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06225843.md - Spearhead 1 Study in Subjects With Advanced Synovial Sarcoma or Myxoid/Round Cell Liposarcoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Afamitresgene autoleucel in sarcomas, run by USWM CT, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04044768.md - SPEARHEAD-3 Pediatric Study (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Afamitresgene autoleucel in osteosarcoma, run by USWM CT, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05642455.md - Spevatamig (PT886) as Monotherapy or in Combination With Chemo and/or ICI, for the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junct (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Spevatamig, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Phanes Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05482893.md - SPLASH (trial): In SPLASH, a second PSMA radioligand improved progression-free survival but not, so far, survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/splash.md - SPOTLIGHT & GLOW (trial): Two trials that made Claudin 18.2 the third biomarker in stomach cancer, adding about two to three months of survival with an antibody against it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/spotlight-glow.md - SSGJ-705 Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Advanced HER2-Expressing Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of SSGJ-705 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07022002.md - SSGJ-705 Plus SSGJ-612 ± Chemotherapy in Advanced HER2-Expressing Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of SSGJ-705 and SSGJ-612 in advanced solid tumours, run by Shenyang Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07646626.md - SSGJ-707 in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing PF-08634404 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06980272.md - SSGXVIII/AIO (adjuvant imatinib in GIST) (trial): In SSGXVIII/AIO, three years of imatinib after surgery, rather than one, improved survival in high-risk GIST. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ssgxviii.md - STAMPEDE (trial): STAMPEDE is the longest-running platform trial in oncology, and showed that both docetaxel and abiraterone extend life when started at first diagnosis of metastatic disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stampede.md - STARGLO (trial): A bispecific plus chemotherapy improved survival in relapsed lymphoma, but the FDA rejected it because most patients were enrolled in Asia and the US-relevant subgroup did not clearly benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/starglo.md - STC-15 as a Part of Combination Therapy With Toripalimab in Selected Advanced Cancers and as Monotherapy in Participants With Selected Sarcomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Toripalimab in sarcomas and uterine sarcoma, run by STORM Therapeutics LTD, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06975293.md - STELLAR (trial): STELLAR is the small single-arm study behind the device approval of tumour treating fields in mesothelioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stellar.md - Studies to Assess Ziftomenib in Combination With Ven+Aza or 7+3 in Patients With Untreated NPM1-m or KMT2A-r AML (trial): A phase 3 trial of Ziftomenib, Venetoclax, Azacitidine, Daunorubicin and Cytarabine in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Kura Oncology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07007312.md - Study Assessing Activity of Intravenous (IV) Etentamig Monotherapy Versus Standard Available Therapies in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refracto (trial): A phase 3 trial of Carfilzomib, Pomalidomide, Elotuzumab in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06158841.md - Study Assessing MTD, Safety, Tolerability, PK and Anti-tumor Effects of LNS8801alone and With Pembrolizumab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LNS8801 and Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Linnaeus Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04130516.md - Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Treatment With Alpelisib Plus Fulvestrant in Japanese Men and Postmenopausal Women With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Alpelisib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04524000.md - Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Treatment With Alpelisib Plus Fulvestrant Versus Placebo Plus Fulvestrant in Chinese Men and Postmenopausal Women With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Alpelisib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04544189.md - Study BT5528-100 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Associated With EphA2 Expression (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab in ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by BicycleTx Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04180371.md - Study BT7480-100 in Patients With Advanced Malignancies Associated With Nectin-4 Expression (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab in advanced solid tumours, run by BicycleTx Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05163041.md - Study BT8009-100 in Subjects With Nectin-4 Expressing Advanced Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zelenectide pevedotin and Pembrolizumab in bladder & urothelial cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer, run by BicycleTx Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04561362.md - Study BT8009-230 in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (Duravelo-2) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zelenectide pevedotin, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Gemcitabine + cisplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by BicycleTx Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06225596.md - Study Comparing AAA817+ARPI Versus Standard of Care in Adult Participants With PSMA-positive mCRPC (trial): A phase 3 trial testing AAA817 in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06855277.md - Study Comparing BEBT-908 Combined With R to SOC for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Ifupinostat in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06792253.md - Study Comparing Investigational Drug HBI-8000 + Nivolumab vs. Placebo + Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab in melanoma, run by HUYABIO International, LLC., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04674683.md - Study Comparing Tarlatamab With Standard of Care Chemotherapy in Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial in which amrubicin is one of the standard comparator treatments, run by Amgen in small-cell lung cancer, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05740566.md - Study Comparing ZG006 With Investigator-Selected Chemotherapy in Participants With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ZG006 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07189455.md - Study Evaluating Cemiplimab Alone and Combined With RP1 in Treating Advanced Squamous Skin Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, run by Replimune, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04050436.md - Study Evaluating Dosimetry, Randomized Dose Optimization, Dose Escalation and Efficacy of Ac-225 Rosopatamab Tetraxetan in Participants With PSMA PET-Positive Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of In-111 rosopatamab tetraxetan in prostate cancer, run by Convergent Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06549465.md - Study Evaluating Effectiveness and Safety of Zimberelimab and Domvanalimab in Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Domvanalimab, Zimberelimab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Arcus Biosciences, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04736173.md - Study Evaluating Tarlatamab After Chemoradiotherapy in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer (LS-SCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06117774.md - Study Evaluating Tarlatamab in Chinese Participants With Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer After Two or More Prior Lines of Treatment (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06502977.md - Study Evaluating UCART20x22 in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Alemtuzumab in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Cellectis S.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05607420.md - Study for AZD4360 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD4360 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06921928.md - Study for Participants Continuing From Pfizer-sponsored Palbociclib (a Study Medicine) Studies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Palbociclib, Cetuximab and Fulvestrant in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05226871.md - Study in Advanced Solid Tumor Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CLIO-8221 in advanced solid tumours, run by Callio Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07300943.md - Study of [212Pb]Pb-DOTAM-MAM279 ([212Pb]Pb-MP0712) in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other DLL3 Expressing Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of [212Pb]Pb-MP0712 in neuroendocrine tumours, small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Molecular Partners AG, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07278479.md - Study of 18F-Florastamin PET/CT Imaging in Patients With Suspected Recurrence of Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Florastamin[18F] Injection in prostate cancer, run by HTA Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06754085.md - Study of Abemaciclib and Elacestrant in Participants With Brain Metastasis Due to ER+/HER-2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Elacestrant and Abemaciclib in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Stemline Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05386108.md - Study of Abexinostat in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abexinostat in follicular lymphoma, run by Xynomic Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03600441.md - Study of Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) Versus Ibrutinib in Previously Treated Participants With High Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Acalabrutinib and Ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02477696.md - Study of Acalabrutinib Alone or in Combination Therapy in Subjects With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Acalabrutinib, Rituximab, Lenalidomide in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Acerta Pharma BV, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02180711.md - Study of Acalabrutinib and Rituximab in Untreated Elderly and/or Frail Patients With DLBCL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Acalabrutinib, Rituximab in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05952024.md - Study of Acalabrutinib in Chinese Adult Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Other B-cell Malign (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Acalabrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03932331.md - Study of Acalabrutinib Versus Chlorambucil Plus Rituximab in Adult Subjects With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (trial): A phase 3 trial of Acalabrutinib, Rituximab and Chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04075292.md - Study of ACE-86225106 to Treat Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ACE-86225106 tablet in ovarian cancer and prostate cancer, run by Acerand Therapeutics (Shanghai) Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06380660.md - Study of Adagloxad Simolenin (OBI-822)/OBI-821 in the Adjuvant Treatment of Patients With Globo H Positive TNBC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Adagloxad simolenin run by OBI Pharma, Inc, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03562637.md - Study of ADI-PEG 20 Versus Placebo in Subjects With High Arginine Level and Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ADI-PEG20 in hepatocellular carcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05317819.md - Study of Adjuvant Darovasertib and Crizotinib in Participants With Primary Non-metastatic Uveal Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Darovasertib in uveal melanoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07804186.md - Study of AK119 Combined With AK112 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AK119 in advanced solid tumours, run by Akeso, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05689853.md - Study of Allo-QuadCAR01-T, an Allogeneic CAR-T Targeting CD19/CD20, in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Allo-QuadCAR01-T in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by AvenCell Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07284433.md - Study of Alpelisib (BYL719) in Combination With Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab as Maintenance Therapy in Patients With HER2-positive Advanced Breast Cancer With a PIK3CA Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Alpelisib, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04208178.md - Study of AMXT 1501 and DFMO in Combination With Standard Therapies in Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Eflornithine, Fulvestrant, Capivasertib in melanoma and skin cancer, run by Aminex Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07287917.md - Study of an AAV Mediated Dual-Payload Gene Therapy in Patients With High Grade Glioma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TGX-007 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Trogenix ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07346144.md - Study of an Immunotherapeutic, DPX-Survivac, in Combination With Low Dose Cyclophosphamide & Pembrolizumab, in Subjects With Selected Advanced & Recur (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cyclophosphamide, Pembrolizumab in ovarian cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, run by ImmunoVaccine Technologies, Inc. (IMV Inc.), active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03836352.md - Study of Anti-CEACAM5 ADC M9140 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (PROCEADE PanTumor) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Precemtabart tocentecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06710132.md - Study of APG-2575 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory CLL/SLL (trial): A phase 2 trial of APG2575 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05147467.md - Study of APG2575 Single Agent and Combination Therapy in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory CLL/SLL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rituximab and Ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04494503.md - Study of Arlocabtagene Autoleucel (BMS-986393) a GPRC5D-directed CAR T Cell Therapy in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Arlocabtagene Autoleucel in multiple myeloma, run by Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06297226.md - Study of ART6043 in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors Patients (POLKA) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Olaparib in advanced solid tumours, run by Artios Pharma Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05898399.md - Study of Atezolizumab Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide With or Without Tiragolumab in Participants With Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tiragolumab, Atezolizumab, Carboplatin and Etoposide in small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04665856.md - Study of AU-007, A Monoclonal Antibody That Binds to IL-2 and Inhibits IL-2Rα Binding, in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Ca (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Aldesleukin, Avelumab, Nivolumab in metastatic cancer and melanoma, run by Aulos Bioscience, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05267626.md - Study of Avutometinib (VS-6766) +Defactinib With Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in metastatic cancer, run by Verastem, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05669482.md - Study of AVZO-021 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AVZO-021, Palbociclib, Fulvestrant in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Avenzo Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05867251.md - Study of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel Versus Standard of Care Therapy in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Axicabtagene ciloleucel, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine in follicular lymphoma, run by Kite, A Gilead Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05371093.md - Study of AZD0120 in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Ineligible for ASCT (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daratumumab, Dexamethasone, Isatuximab in multiple myeloma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07764978.md - Study of AZD0516 as Monotherapy and in Combination in Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Palacaparib in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07181161.md - Study of AZD0754 in Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD0754 in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06267729.md - Study of AZD2811 + Durvalumab in ES-SCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04745689.md - Study of AZD3632 Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agents in Participants With Advanced Haematologic Malignancies With KMT2Ar, NPM1m, or Other Genotypes Associated With HOX Overexpression (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD3632 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07155226.md - Study of AZD4512 Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agents in Participants With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD4512 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07109219.md - Study of AZD4956 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-Cancer Agents in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Homologous Recombination Deficient Solid Tumours (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Saruparib in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07446855.md - Study of AZD5305 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Saruparib, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer and prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04644068.md - Study of AZD5305 When Given in Combination With New Hormonal Agents in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Saruparib, Enzalutamide, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05367440.md - Study of AZD5863 in Adult Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AZD5863 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06005493.md - Study of AZD9574 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-cancer Agents in Participants With Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Palacaparib, Temozolomide, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan and Datopotamab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05417594.md - Study of BEBT-109 in Subjects With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of BEBT-109 Capsule in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by BeBetter Med Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06706713.md - Study of BEBT-109 in Subjects With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Carrying EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BeBetter Med Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06514027.md - Study of BEBT-209 in Combination With Fulvestrant Versus Placebo in Combination With Fulvestrant in Patients With HR+/HER2- Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Have Progressed After Prior Endocrine Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial testing BEBT-209 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06998108.md - Study of Belzutifan (MK-6482) Plus Fulvestrant for ER+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer (MK-6482-029/LITESPARK-029) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Belzutifan, Fulvestrant, Everolimus and Exemestane in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06428396.md - Study of BGB-11417 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sonrotoclax in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05479994.md - Study of BGB-11417 Monotherapy in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sonrotoclax in mantle cell lymphoma, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05471843.md - Study of BTK Inhibitor LOXO-305 Versus Approved BTK Inhibitor Drugs in Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pirtobrutinib, Ibrutinib, Acalabrutinib and Zanubrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma, run by Loxo Oncology, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04662255.md - Study of Cabozantinib in Combination With Atezolizumab Versus Second NHT in Subjects With mCRPC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cabozantinib, Atezolizumab, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by Exelixis, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04446117.md - Study of Cabozantinib in Combination With Atezolizumab Versus Sorafenib in Participants With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Who Have Not Rece (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cabozantinib, Sorafenib, Atezolizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Exelixis, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03755791.md - Study of Capivasertib + Docetaxel vs Placebo + Docetaxel as Treatment for Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Capivasertib, Docetaxel in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05348577.md - Study of Casdatifan and Cabozantinib Versus Placebo and Cabozantinib in Patients With Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cabozantinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Arcus Biosciences, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07011719.md - Study of CM518D1 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CM518D1 in advanced solid tumours, run by Keymed Biosciences Co.Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07019779.md - Study of Combination Therapy of D07001-Softgel Capsules and Xeloda/TS-1 in Subjects With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing D07001 in biliary tract cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05065957.md - Study of Combined SGT-53 Plus Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02340117.md - Study Of Comparing SAF-189s With Crizotinib In First Line ALK-Positive Advanced and Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of an investigational treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co. Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06569420.md - Study of CP-383 in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CP-383 in colorectal cancer, small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, bladder & urothelial cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Tasca Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07030257.md - Study of Cretostimogene Given in Patients With Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ,Unresponsive to Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07283835.md - Study of CVM-1118 for Patients With Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of CVM-1118 in neuroendocrine tumours and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by TaiRx, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03600233.md - Study of Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) in Patients With RAS Mutated NSCLC (RASolve 301) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daraxonrasib, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06881784.md - Study of Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daraxonrasib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07252232.md - Study of Daraxonrasib and Daraxonrasib + GnP as First-line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daraxonrasib, Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07491445.md - Study of Dato-DXd as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours (TROPION-PanTumor03) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Capecitabine, Fluorouracil in endometrial cancer and prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05489211.md - Study of Dato-DXd Plus Pembrolizumab vs Pembrolizumab Alone in the First-line Treatment of Subjects With Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC Without Actionab (trial): A phase 3 trial of Datopotamab deruxtecan, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05215340.md - Study of Datopotamab Deruxtecan Plus Carboplatin or Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine Plus Carboplatin or Cisplatin in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Carboplatin, Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07129993.md - Study of DECOY20 With or Without Tislelizumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tislelizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, run by Indaptus Therapeutics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05651022.md - Study of Denikitug (GS-1811) Given Alone or With Nivolumab or With Chemotherapy in Adults With Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07527858.md - Study of DISC-0974 (RALLY-MF) in Participants With Myelofibrosis or Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Anemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DISC-0974 in myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Disc Medicine, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05320198.md - Study of DT-7012 as a Single Agent and in Combination With an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of DT-7012 in advanced solid tumours, run by Domain Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06819735.md - Study of Durvalumab + Tremelimumab With Chemotherapy or Durvalumab With Chemotherapy or Chemotherapy Alone for Patients With Lung Cancer (POSEIDON). (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03164616.md - Study of Durvalumab Alone or Chemotherapy for Patients With Advanced Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer (PEARL) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Carboplatin, Gemcitabine + cisplatin, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03003962.md - Study of Durvalumab Given With Chemotherapy, Durvalumab in Combination With Tremelimumab Given With Chemotherapy, or Chemotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03682068.md - Study of Durvalumab Versus Placebo in Combination With Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy in Patient With ESCC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Cisplatin and Capecitabine in oesophageal cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04550260.md - Study of Durvalumab With Tremelimumab Versus SoC as 1st Line Therapy in Metastatic Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (NEPTUNE) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, Carboplatin, Gemcitabine + cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02542293.md - Study of Durvalumab+Olaparib or Durvalumab After Treatment With Durvalumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With Lung Cancer (ORION) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab, Olaparib, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03775486.md - Study of ECI830 Single Agent or in Combination in Patients With Advanced HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer and in Patients With Other Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ribociclib, Fulvestrant in small-cell lung cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06726148.md - Study of Efficacy and Safety of CRC01 in Adult Large B-cell Lymphoma and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of CRC01, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by Curocell Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04836507.md - Study of Efficacy and Safety of Dabrafenib in Combination With Trametinib in Previously Treated Patients With Metastatic, Radio-active Iodine Refracto (trial): A phase 3 trial of Dabrafenib, Trametinib in thyroid cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04940052.md - Study of Efficacy and Safety of JDQ443 Single-agent as First-line Treatment for Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic KRAS G12C- Mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With a PD-L1 Expression < 1% or a PD-L1 Expression ≥ 1% and an STK11 Co-mutation. (trial): A phase 2 trial of JDQ443 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05445843.md - Study of Efficacy and Safety of LXH254 Combinations in Patients With Previously Treated Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Naporafenib, Trametinib, Ribociclib in melanoma, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04417621.md - Study of Efficacy and Safety of Tisagenlecleucel in HR B-ALL EOC MRD Positive Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tisagenlecleucel in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03876769.md - Study of Eftilagimod Alfa (Efti) in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Versus Placebo in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pemetrexed, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Immutep S.A.S., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06726265.md - Study of Elironrasib and Daraxonrasib as Monotherapies and Combination Therapy in Participants With Advanced KRAS G12C Mutant Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Elironrasib, Daraxonrasib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06128551.md - Study of Emactuzumab for Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (TGCT) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Emactuzumab in tenosynovial giant cell tumour, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05417789.md - Study Of Entrectinib (Rxdx-101) in Children and Adolescents With Locally Advanced Or Metastatic Solid Or Primary CNS Tumors And/Or Who Have No Satisfactory Treatment Options (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Entrectinib in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02650401.md - Study of Envafolimab Alone or With Lenvatinib in Patients With Advanced Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Envafolimab, Lenvatinib in endometrial cancer, run by 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05112991.md - Study of Erdafitinib Intravesical Delivery System for Localized Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Erdafitinib in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05316155.md - Study of FIH of STX-241 in Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC Resistant to EGFR TKIs (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of STX-241 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Pierre Fabre Medicament, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06567015.md - Study of Fruquintinib Plus Sintilimab for Treatment of Advanced Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Fruquintinib, Sintilimab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer, run by Hutchmed, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06584032.md - Study of Futibatinib in Patients With Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma With FGFR2 Fusion or Rearrangement (trial): A phase 2 trial of TAS-120 in biliary tract cancer, run by Taiho Oncology, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05727176.md - Study of Gene Modified Donor T-cells Following TCR Alpha Beta Positive Depleted Stem Cell Transplant (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BPX-501 T cells in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03301168.md - Study of GV20-0251 in Participants With Solid Tumor Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GV20-0251 in endometrial cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer, run by GV20 Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07070518.md - Study of GVV858 as a Single Agent or in Combination With Endocrine Therapy in Patients With HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer and Other Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fulvestrant, Letrozole in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07288359.md - Study of HLD-0915 (JNJ-101556143) in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JNJ-101556143 Formulation 1 in prostate cancer, run by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06800313.md - Study of HMPL-760 Plus R-GemOx Versus Placebo Plus R-GemOx in Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rituximab, Gemcitabine in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Hutchmed, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06601504.md - Study of HRS-8080 or SHR-A2009 Combined With Anti-tumor Therapy in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HRS-8080, Trastuzumab rezetecan, SHR-A2009 and Adebrelimab in advanced solid tumours, run by Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06222879.md - Study of HS-20093 Versus Gemcitabine in Combination With Docetaxel in Treatment of Osteosarcoma After Previous Second-line Treatment Failure (trial): A phase 3 trial testing HS-20093 in osteosarcoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06935409.md - Study of IBI354 Versus Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With Platinum-resistant Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IBI354 in ovarian cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06834672.md - Study of ICP-723 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Primary Central Nervous System Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ICP-723 in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05745623.md - Study of IDE196 in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring GNAQ/11 Mutations or PRKC Fusions (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Darovasertib, Binimetinib, Crizotinib in melanoma and uveal melanoma, run by IDEAYA Biosciences, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03947385.md - Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan (DS-7300a, I-DXd) in Participants With Advanced Solid Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ifinatamab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04145622.md - Study of IMGN632 in Patients With Untreated BPDCN and Relapsed/Refractory BPDCN (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pivekimab sunirine in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm and myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03386513.md - Study of IMNN-001 (Also Known as GEN-1) With NACT for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer (OVATION 2) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in ovarian cancer, run by Imunon, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03393884.md - Study of INBRX-106 and INBRX-106 in Combination With Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (Hexavalen (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed, Gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Inhibrx Biosciences, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04198766.md - Study of Intralesional Cemiplimab in Adult Patients With Early Stage Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cemiplimab in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06585410.md - Study of Inupadenant (EOS100850) With Chemotherapy as Second Line Treatment for Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by iTeos Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05403385.md - Study of Iomab-B vs. Conventional Care in Older Subjects With Active, Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 3 trial of Iomab-B run by Actinium Pharmaceuticals, active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02665065.md - Study of Iopofosine I-131 (CLR 131) in Select B-Cell Malignancies (CLOVER-1) With Expansion in Waldenstrom (trial): A phase 2 trial of Iopofosine I 131 single dose in waldenström macroglobulinaemia, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Cellectar Biosciences, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02952508.md - Study of ISM3412 in Participants With Locally Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ISM3412 in advanced solid tumours, run by InSilico Medicine Hong Kong Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06414460.md - Study of ISM6331 in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Mesothelioma or Other Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ISM6331 in mesothelioma, run by InSilico Medicine Hong Kong Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06566079.md - Study of Izalontamab Brengitecan (BMS-986507) Versus Platinum-Pemetrexed for EGFR-mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of EGFR TKI Therapy (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Izalontamab brengitecan, Carboplatin, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07100080.md - Study of JAB-23E73 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Participants With Metastatic PDAC Harboring KRAS Gene Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07640295.md - Study of JDQ443 in Comparison With Docetaxel in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic KRAS G12C Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing JDQ443 in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05132075.md - Study of JDQ443 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring the KRAS G12C Mutation (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JDQ443, TNO155 and Tislelizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04699188.md - Study of JK06 in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JK06 in advanced solid tumours, run by Salubris Biotherapeutics Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06667960.md - Study of JK08 in Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JK08, Pembrolizumab in metastatic cancer and melanoma, run by Salubris Biotherapeutics Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05620134.md - Study of JSKN016 Combination Therapy in Inoperable Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of JSKN016, Capecitabine, Eribulin and Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Jiangsu Alphamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06942234.md - Study of JYP0015 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring Specific Mutations in RAS (trial): A phase 2 trial of JYP0015 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Guangzhou JOYO Pharma Co., Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06895031.md - Study of KTE-X19 in Adult Japanese Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma or Relapsed/Refractory B-precursor Acute Lymphoblastic L (trial): A phase 2 trial of Brexucabtagene autoleucel, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine in mantle cell lymphoma, run by Kite, A Gilead Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06253663.md - Study of LAM561 Acid in Pediatric Patients With Malignant Glioma and Other Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LAM561 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Laminar Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04299191.md - Study of Larotinib in Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Esophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Lerotinib in oesophageal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04415853.md - Study of LEE011, BYL719 and Letrozole in Advanced ER+ Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LEE011 in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01872260.md - Study of Liposomal Curcumin in Combination With RT and TMZ in Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Gliomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Treatment Period 1 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by SignPath Pharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05768919.md - Study of Lisaftoclax (APG-2575) Single Agent and Combination With Therapy in Patients Relapsed/Refractory AML (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Azacitidine, Olverembatinib in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04501120.md - Study of LM-299 in Subjects Advanced Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of LM-299 in advanced solid tumours, run by LaNova Medicines Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06650566.md - Study of LP-184 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Olaparib, Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in triple-negative breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Lantern Pharma Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05933265.md - Study of Lurbinectedin in Combination With Doxorubicin Versus Doxorubicin Alone as First-line Treatment in Participants With Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma (SaLuDo) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lurbinectedin and Doxorubicin in uterine sarcoma, run by PharmaMar, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06088290.md - Study of Lurbinectedin Monotherapy in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Ewing Sarcoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Lurbinectedin in ewing sarcoma, run by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05734066.md - Study of Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan in mCRPC Participants With Moderately and Severely Impaired and With Normal Renal Function (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06004661.md - Study of LY01610 in Patients With Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Topotecan in small-cell lung cancer, run by Luye Pharma Group Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06128837.md - Study of LY3537982 in Cancer Patients With a Specific Genetic Mutation (KRAS G12C) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Olomorasib, Pembrolizumab, Cetuximab, Pemetrexed, Cisplatin and Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and biliary tract cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04956640.md - Study of MCLA-129 in Combination With Ensartinib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MCLA-129 and Ensartinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07448116.md - Study of MCLA-129, a Human Bispecific EGFR and cMet Antibody, in Patients With Advanced NSCLC and Other Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of MCLA-129 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04930432.md - Study of MEDI4736 (Durvalumab) With or Without Tremelimumab Versus Standard of Care Chemotherapy in Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02516241.md - Study of MHB088C for Patients With Advanced Solid Malignant Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of QLC5508 in advanced solid tumours, run by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07102004.md - Study of MP0533 in Patients Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Azacitidine, Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Molecular Partners AG, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05673057.md - Study of mRNA-4359 Administered Alone and in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in advanced solid tumours, run by ModernaTX, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05533697.md - Study of Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine With or Without SBP-101 in Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Ivospemin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05254171.md - Study of Navtemadlin as Maintenance Therapy in TP53WT Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of KRT-232 in endometrial cancer, run by Kartos Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05797831.md - Study of NEO-201 in Solid Tumors Expansion Cohorts (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Precision Biologics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03476681.md - Study of Neoadjuvant Olaparib Monotherapy and Olaparib and Durvalumab Combination in HER2 Negative BRCAm Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Olaparib and Durvalumab in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05498155.md - Study of Nivolumab in Combination With Ipilimumab or Standard of Care Chemotherapy Compared to the Standard of Care Chemotherapy Alone in Treatment of Participants With Untreated Inoperable or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Bristol-Myers Squibb, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03036098.md - Study of Novel Immunomodulators as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anticancer Agents in Participants With Advanced Hepatobiliary Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bevacizumab, Lenvatinib, Rilvegostomig in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05775159.md - Study of Novel Treatment Combination Therapies in Participants With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Regardless of PD-L1 Expression Status; Subst (trial): A phase 2 trial of Domvanalimab, Zimberelimab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06727565.md - Study of Novel Treatment Combinations in Patients With Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zimberelimab, Domvanalimab, Sacituzumab govitecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05633667.md - Study of NX-5948 in Combination With Other Agents in Adults With B-cell Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Bexobrutideg, Venetoclax, Rituximab and Obinutuzumab in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07520006.md - Study of NX-5948 Versus Pirtobrutinib in R/R CLL/SLL (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Bexobrutideg in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07516093.md - Study of ODX (OsteoDex) in Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ODX (Osteodex) in multiple myeloma, run by DexTech Medical AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06616389.md - Study of Olomorasib (LY3537982) in Combination With Standard of Care in Participants With Resected or Unresectable KRAS G12C-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olomorasib, Pembrolizumab and Durvalumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Eli Lilly and Company, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06890598.md - Study of Olutasidenib and Temozolomide in HGG (trial): A phase 2 trial of Olutasidenib in diffuse midline glioma, h3 k27-altered, run by Rigel Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06161974.md - Study of Olverembatinib (HQP1351) in Patients With CML-CP (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olverembatinib run by Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06423911.md - Study of ONC206 (JZP3507) in Advanced Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (trial): A phase 2 trial of ONC206 in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, run by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07282587.md - Study of Onvansertib in Combination With FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab or FOLFOX and Bevacizumab Versus FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab or FOLFOX and Bevacizumab fo (trial): A phase 2 trial of FOLFIRI, Bevacizumab, FOLFOX in colorectal cancer, run by Cardiff Oncology, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06106308.md - Study of Opevesostat (MK-5684) Versus Alternative NHA in mCRPC (MK-5684-003) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Opevesostat in prostate cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06136624.md - Study of Oral EGFR Inhibitor DZD6008 Combined With Sunvozertinib in Patients Who Have Advanced NSCLC With EGFR Mutations (TIAN-SHAN8) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sunvozertinib, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07079475.md - Study of Oral MRT-2359 in Selected Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Oral MRT-2359 in non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, neuroendocrine tumours, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and prostate cancer, run by Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05546268.md - Study of Oral MRT-2359 With Apalutamide in Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Apalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07745361.md - Study of Oral Navitoclax Tablet in Combination With Oral Ruxolitinib Tablet Versus Best Available Therapy to Assess Change in Spleen Volume in Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Myelofibrosis (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Navitoclax in myeloproliferative neoplasms, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04468984.md - Study of Orellanine in Metastatic Clear-Cell or Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Orellanine in renal cell carcinoma, run by Oncorena AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05287945.md - Study of ORIC-114 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring an EGFR or HER2 Alteration (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ORIC-114 in advanced solid tumours, run by ORIC Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05315700.md - Study of Out of Specification for Tisagenlecleucel (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tisagenlecleucel in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04094311.md - Study Of Palbociclib Combined With Chemotherapy In Pediatric Patients With Recurrent/Refractory Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Palbociclib, Temozolomide, FOLFIRI in ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03709680.md - Study of Patritumab Deruxtecan in Participants With Gastrointestinal Cancers (MK-1022-011) (HERTHENA-PanTumor02) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Patritumab deruxtecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06596694.md - Study of Patritumab Deruxtecan Plus Pembrolizumab With Other Anticancer Agents in Participants With High-Risk Early-Stage Triple-Negative or Hormone Receptor-Low Positive/HER-2 Negative Breast Cancer (MK-1022-010, HERTHENA-Breast-03) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Patritumab deruxtecan, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06797635.md - Study of Patritumab Deruxtecan With Other Anticancer Agents in Participants With HER2 Positive Breast Cancer That Has Spread and Cannot Be Surgically Removed (MK-1022-009) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Patritumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and Tucatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06686394.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Combination Therapies in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (MK-3475-365/KEYNOTE-365) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Olaparib, Docetaxel in prostate cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02861573.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Radiotherapy in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Endometrial Cancer After Surgery With Curative Intent (MK-3475-B21 / KEYNOTE-B21 / ENGOT-en11 / GOG-3053) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Docetaxel and Cisplatin in endometrial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04634877.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (MK-3475-158/KEYNOTE-158) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in metastatic cancer and biliary tract cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02628067.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Monotherapy Versus Sacituzumab Govitecan in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Participants With Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥50% (MK-3475-D46) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan and Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05609968.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Chemotherapy Versus Placebo Plus Chemotherapy for HR+/HER2- Locally Recurrent Inoperable or Metastatic Breast Cancer (MK-3475-B49/KEYNOTE-B49) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Doxorubicin and Capecitabine in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04895358.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Subcutaneous (SC) Versus Pembrolizumab Intravenous (IV) Administered With Platinum Doublet Chemotherapy in Participan (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04956692.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Chemotherapy in Chinese Participants With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (MK-3475-C66) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Oxaliplatin, Bevacizumab and Cetuximab in colorectal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05239741.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Chemotherapy in Mismatch Repair Deficient (dMMR) Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma (MK-3475-C93/KEYNOTE-C93/GOG-3064/ENGOT-en15) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Docetaxel and Cisplatin in endometrial cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05173987.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Placebo After Complete Resection of High-Risk Stage III Melanoma (MK-3475-054/1325-MG/KEYNOTE-054) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02362594.md - Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Placebo in Combination With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy & Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in the Treatment of Early-Stage Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative (ER+/HER2-) Breast Cancer (MK-3475-756/KEYNOTE-756) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03725059.md - Study of Pembrolizumab + Pemetrexed + Platinum Chemotherapy With or Without Zoldonrasib as First Line Treatment in Metastatic Non-squamous RAS G12D-Mu (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zoldonrasib, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07777822.md - Study of Pembrolizumab With Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy Followed by Pembrolizumab With or Without Olaparib in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-7339-012/KEYLYNK-012) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab, Olaparib, Etoposide, Carboplatin, Cisplatin and Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04380636.md - Study of Perioperative Dostarlimab in Participants With Untreated T4N0 or Stage III dMMR/MSI-H Resectable Colon Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Dostarlimab in colorectal cancer, run by GlaxoSmithKline, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05855200.md - Study of Petosemtamab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Cetuximab or Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy in RAS and BRAF Wild Type, Recurrent, Unresectable or Metast (trial): A phase 3 trial of Petosemtamab, Cetuximab, Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, run by Genmab, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07775287.md - Study of Petosemtamab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Cetuximab Plus Chemotherapy in RAS and BRAF Wild-type, Unresectable or Metastatic, Left-sided Colorecta (trial): A phase 3 trial of Petosemtamab, Cetuximab, FOLFIRI in colorectal cancer, run by Genmab, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07702032.md - Study of PF-07220060 With Letrozole in Adults With HR-positive HER2-negative Breast Cancer Who Have Not Received Anticancer Treatment for Advanced/Metastatic Disease (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atirmociclib, Abemaciclib, Palbociclib and Ribociclib in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06760637.md - Study of PF-07248144 in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of PF-07248144, Fulvestrant, Letrozole in prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04606446.md - Study of Pimicotinib (ABSK021) for Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (MANEUVER) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pimicotinib(ABSK021) in tenosynovial giant cell tumour, run by Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05804045.md - Study of Pimicotinib in Japanese Participants With Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (TGCT) (J-MANEUVER) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pimicotinib in tenosynovial giant cell tumour, run by Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07499362.md - Study of PM54 in Combination With Immunotherapy in Adult Participants With Advanced Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by PharmaMar, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07644039.md - Study of Purinostat Mesylate for Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of PM 8.4 mg/m^2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05563844.md - Study of Quemliclustat and Chemotherapy Versus Placebo and Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Quemliclustat in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06608927.md - Study of R289 in Patients With Lower-risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (LR MDS) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of R906289 Monosodium (R289 Na) in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Rigel Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05308264.md - Study of RAS(ON) Inhibitors in Combination With Ivonescimab in Patients With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Daraxonrasib, Elironrasib, Zoldonrasib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07397338.md - Study of RAS(ON) Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced RAS-mutated NSCLC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Elironrasib, Daraxonrasib, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06162221.md - Study of RAS(ON) Inhibitors in Patients With Gastrointestinal Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Daraxonrasib, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab in colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06445062.md - Study of REGN4018 (Ubamatamab) Administered Alone or in Combination With Cemiplimab in Adult Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer or Other Recurrent (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cemiplimab, Tocilizumab in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, run by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03564340.md - Study of Relapsed/ Refractory B-cell Non- Hodgkin Lymphoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of CD19 t-haNK in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by ImmunityBio, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07125872.md - Study of REM-422 in Patients With Recurrent, Metastatic, or Unresectable Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of REM-422 in salivary gland cancers, run by Remix Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06118086.md - Study of RET Inhibitor TAS0953/HM06 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors With RET Gene Abnormalities (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TAS0953/HM06 in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04683250.md - Study of Retinfanlimab in Combination With INCAGN02385 and INCAGN02390 as First-Line Treatment in Participants With PD-L1-Positive (CPS ≥ 1) Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (trial): A phase 2 trial of Retifanlimab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Incyte Biosciences International Sàrl, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05287113.md - Study of Revumenib in Combination With Intensive Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) With a NPM1 Mutation (trial): A phase 3 trial of Revumenib in acute myeloid leukaemia, run by Syndax Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07211958.md - Study of RiMO-301 and Radiotherapy With PD-1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Head-Neck Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RiMO-301 in advanced solid tumours, run by Coordination Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05838729.md - Study of RMC-6236 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring Specific Mutations in RAS (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Daraxonrasib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05379985.md - Study of Romiplostim for Chemotherapy-induced Thrombocytopenia in Adult Subjects With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Ovarian Cancer, or Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Romiplostim in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Amgen, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03937154.md - Study of Rondecabtagene Autoleucel in Aggressive Large B-Cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rondecabtagene autoleucel, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by Lyell Immunopharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05826535.md - Study of RP1 Monotherapy and RP1 in Combination With Nivolumab (IGNYTE) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Replimune, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03767348.md - Study of RP2 in Combination With Second-line Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic HCC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bevacizumab, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Replimune, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05733598.md - Study of RV001V in Biochemical Failure Following Curatively Intended Therapy For Localized Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of RV001V in prostate cancer, run by RhoVac APS, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04114825.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) in Japanese Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan in triple-negative breast cancer and bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05101096.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) Versus Docetaxel in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05089734.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Combinations in First-line Treatment of Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05186974.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Chinese Patients With Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer Who Received at Least Two Prior Treatments (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan in triple-negative breast cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04454437.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Participants With Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03964727.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Participants With Urothelial Cancer That Cannot Be Removed or Has Spread (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan, Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Avelumab, Zimberelimab and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03547973.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients With Solid Tumor (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan in advanced solid tumours, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05119907.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Previously Treated Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan, Topotecan, Amrubicin in small-cell lung cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06801834.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Participants With Endometrial Cancer After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and Im (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in endometrial cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06486441.md - Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Patients With Hormone Receptor-positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Negative (HR+/HER2-) Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Have Received Endocrine Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sacituzumab govitecan and Capecitabine in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05840211.md - Study of Safety and Efficacy of TC011 in the Relapsed/Refractory Large B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TC011 in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by TICAROS Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07473167.md - Study of Selinexor in Combination With Ruxolitinib in Myelofibrosis (trial): A phase 3 trial of Selinexor and Ruxolitinib in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04562389.md - Study of Selinexor Plus DRd for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Selinexor, Daratumumab, Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by US Oncology Research, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04782687.md - Study of SHR-8068 Combined With Adebrelimab and Platinum-containing Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric and Esophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adebrelimab, Capecitabine, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin and SHR-8068 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06247956.md - Study of SHR-A1921 in Combination With Other Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SHR-A1921 in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05765032.md - Study of Silevertinib With Temozolomide for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed GBM With Unmethylated MGMT and EGFRvIII (trial): A phase 2 trial of Temozolomide, Silevertinib in brain and spinal cord tumours, run by Black Diamond Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07326566.md - Study of Single Agent Belantamab Mafodotin Versus Pomalidomide Plus Low-dose Dexamethasone (Pom/Dex) in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belantamab mafodotin in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04162210.md - Study of SIR2501 in Solid Tumor Patients Receiving Paclitaxel (trial): A phase 2 trial of SIR2501 in advanced solid tumours, run by Sironax USA, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07765446.md - Study of SKB264 for Locally Advanced, Recurrent or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Eribulin, Capecitabine, Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in advanced solid tumours, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06081959.md - Study of SLS009 (Formerly GFH009) a Potent Highly Selective CDK9 Inhibitor in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and High-Risk Newly Diagnosed AML (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Venetoclax and Azacitidine in advanced solid tumours, run by Sellas Life Sciences Group, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04588922.md - Study of Sotorasib, Panitumumab and FOLFIRI Versus FOLFIRI With or Without Bevacizumab-awwb in Treatment-naïve Participants With Metastatic Colorectal (trial): A phase 3 trial of Sotorasib, Panitumumab in colorectal cancer, run by Amgen, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06252649.md - Study of ST-1898 in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ST-1898 tablets in renal cell carcinoma, run by Beijing Scitech-Mq Pharmaceuticals Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06127238.md - Study of ST-1898 in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of ST-1898 tablets in thyroid cancer, run by Beijing Scitech-Mq Pharmaceuticals Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06359847.md - Study of STK-012 Alone and With Other Treatments in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer and Other Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Synthekine, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05098132.md - Study of Subcutaneous Epcoritamab in Combination With Intravenous Rituximab and Oral Lenalidomide (R2) to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease (trial): A phase 3 trial of Epcoritamab, Prednisone, Rituximab in follicular lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06191744.md - Study of Subcutaneous Epcoritamab in Combination With Intravenous Rituximab and Oral Lenalidomide (R2) to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease (trial): A phase 3 trial of Epcoritamab, Rituximab, Lenalidomide in follicular lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05409066.md - Study of SX-682 Plus Enzalutamide in Men With ARPI-Resistant Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Syntrix Biosystems, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06228053.md - Study of Talazoparib With Enzalutamide in Men With DDR Gene Mutated mCSPC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Talazoparib and Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04821622.md - Study of TBI-1501 for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TBI-1501 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Takara Bio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03155191.md - Study of TDXd, Chemotherapy, Pembrolizumab, and Trastuzumab in First-Line Metastatic HER2-Positive Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Pembrolizumab and Trastuzumab in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06731478.md - Study of the Bria-IMT Regimen and CPI vs Physicians' Choice in Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cyclophosphamide and Retifanlimab in advanced solid tumours, run by BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06072612.md - Study of the Efficacy of Intratumoral L19IL2 or L19TNF or L19IL2/L19TNF, in Combination With Pembrolizumab, in Unresectable Melanoma Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Philogen S.p.A., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06284590.md - Study of the Monoclonal Antibody IMT-009 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphomas (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Fruquintinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Immunitas Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05565417.md - Study of the Theranostic Pair RYZ811 (Diagnostic) and RYZ801 (Therapeutic) to Identify and Treat Subjects With GPC3+ (Glypican-3) Unresectable HCC (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RYZ801 in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by RayzeBio, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06726161.md - Study of Tilsotolimod in Combination With Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for the Treatment of Solid Tumors (ILLUMINATE-206) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03865082.md - Study of Tinengotinib VS. Physician's Choice a Treatment of Subjects With FGFR-altered in Cholangiocarcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tinengotinib in biliary tract cancer, run by TransThera Sciences (Nanjing), Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05948475.md - Study of Tislelizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy Compared to Chemotherapy Alone for Participants With Urothelial Carcinoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tislelizumab, Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by BeiGene, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03967977.md - Study of TL117 in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Suzhou Junde Biotechnology Co., Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04843098.md - Study of TLX101-Tx Plus Standard of Care (SoC) Versus SoC Alone for the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of TLX-101-Tx + Lomustine in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07100730.md - Study of TNG260 and an Anti-PD Antibody in STK11 Mutated Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Tango Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05887492.md - Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Versus Standard of Care Chemotherapy for HER2-Expressing (IHC 3+/2+) Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan in endometrial cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07022483.md - Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan With Bevacizumab Versus Bevacizumab Monotherapy for First-line Maintenance in HER2-Expressing Ovarian Cancer (DESTINY- (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06819007.md - Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan, Pembrolizumab, and Platinum-based Chemotherapy in First-line HER2 Overexpressing Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06899126.md - Study of TTX-MC138 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TTX-MC138 in advanced solid tumours, run by TransCode Therapeutics, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06260774.md - Study of TU2218 in Combination With KEYTRUDA®(Pembrolizumab) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer, run by TiumBio Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05784688.md - Study of TUB-040 Given With Standard Ovarian Cancer Drugs in Patients With Fast-growing Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TUB-040 + Carbo + BEV in ovarian cancer, run by Tubulis GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07736937.md - Study of TYK-00540 Tablets in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TYK-00540 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by TYK Medicines, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06950086.md - Study of Venetoclax in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carfilzomib, Venetoclax, Dexamethasone in multiple myeloma, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02899052.md - Study of Vimseltinib (DCC-3014) in Patients With Advanced Tumors and Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Vimseltinib in tenosynovial giant cell tumour, run by Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03069469.md - Study of Volrustomig as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anti- Cancer Agents in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in cervical cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06535607.md - Study of Volrustomig in Women With High Risk Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer (eVOLVE-Cervical) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Volrustomig in cervical cancer, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06079671.md - Study of XL092 + Atezolizumab vs Regorafenib in Participants With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zanzalintinib, Atezolizumab, Regorafenib in colorectal cancer, run by Exelixis, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05425940.md - Study of XNW28012 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors Who Failed Standard Treatments (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XNW28012 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer, run by Evopoint Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06799637.md - Study of XNW28012 in Subjects With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Who Received Prior Systemic Therapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of XNW28012 for injection in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Evopoint Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07823049.md - Study of XNW5004 Tablet in Combination With Enzalutamide in Subjects With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XNW5004, Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Evopoint Biosciences Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06702995.md - Study of YK012 in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of YK012 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Excyte Biopharma Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06580301.md - Study of Zanzalintinib (XL092) + Pembrolizumab vs Pembrolizumab in Subjects With PD-L1 Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Zanzalintinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06082167.md - Study of Zelenectide Pevedotin in Participants With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zelenectide pevedotin in advanced solid tumours, run by BicycleTx Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06840483.md - Study of ZG005 Combined With Bevacizumab Versus Sintilimab Combined With Bevacizumab in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Bevacizumab, Sintilimab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06558227.md - Study of ZG005 Combined With Gecacitinib in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gecacitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06903377.md - Study of ZG005 in Combination With Gecacitinib in Participants With Advanced Cervical Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Bevacizumab in cervical cancer, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07080216.md - Study of ZG005 in Combination With Gecacitinib in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gecacitinib in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06883526.md - Study of ZG005 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of ZG005 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06927687.md - Study of ZG006 in Participants With Small Cell Lung Cancer or Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZG006 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05978284.md - Study of ZGGS18 in Combination With ZG005 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZGGS18 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06938880.md - Study of ZGGS18 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZGGS18 for Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05584800.md - Study of ZGGS34 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZG006 in advanced solid tumours, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07258121.md - Study of Zoldonrasib (RMC-9805) Plus Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) Versus Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel as First-Line Treatment in Metastatic KRAS G12D-Mut (trial): A phase 3 trial of Daraxonrasib, Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07805954.md - Study of Zoldonrasib + Chemo of Investigator's Choice vs Placebo + Chemo of Investigator's Choice as First-line Treatment in Metastatic KRAS G12D-muta (trial): A phase 3 trial of Zoldonrasib, CAPOX, FLOT in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Revolution Medicines, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07621718.md - Study on Efficacy and Safety of Givinostat Versus Hydroxyurea in Patients With Polycythemia Vera (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Givinostat in myeloproliferative neoplasms, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06093672.md - Study on Olaparib Plus Abiraterone as First-line Therapy in Men With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (China Cohort) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Olaparib, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05171816.md - Study to Allow Patients Previously Participating in a Novartis Sponsored Trial to Continue Receiving Capmatinib Treatment as Single Agent or in Combination With Other Treatments or the Combination Treatment Alone (trial): A phase 2 trial of Capmatinib, Gefitinib and Osimertinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03040973.md - Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity in Previously Treated Adult Participants Receiving Intravenous (IV) ABBV-400 With Unrese (trial): A phase 2 trial of Telisotuzumab adizutecan, Bevacizumab, Leucovorin in colorectal cancer, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06107413.md - Study to Assess Change in Disease Activity and Adverse Events of Oral Venetoclax With Intravenous (IV) Obinutuzumab in Adult Participants With Recurring Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04895436.md - Study to Assess Change in Disease Activity of Oral Venetoclax in Adult Participants With Recurring Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Waldenström Macroglobu (trial): A phase 2 trial of Venetoclax in waldenström macroglobulinaemia, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07387471.md - Study to Assess GTAEXS617 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of GTAEXS617 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, run by Exscientia AI Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05985655.md - Study to Assess Neoadjuvant Durvalumab (D) and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (CT), Followed by Either Surgery and Adjuvant D or CRT and Consolidation D, (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05925530.md - Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A) Compared to Best Supportive Care Following Chemotherapy in Patients With Lung Cancer [ (trial): A phase 3 trial of Atezolizumab, Cisplatin, Vinorelbine in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02486718.md - Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Vactosertib in Adolescents and Adults With Recurrent, Refractory or Progressive Osteosarcoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Vactosertib in osteosarcoma, run by MedPacto, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05588648.md - Study to Assess Safety of HDP-101 in Patients With Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HDP-101 in multiple myeloma, run by Heidelberg Pharma AG, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04879043.md - Study to Assess SLN124 in Patients With Polycythemia Vera (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SLN124 in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Silence Therapeutics plc, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05499013.md - Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Adjuvant Osimertinib in NSCLC With Uncommon EGFRm (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05546866.md - Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Alpelisib Plus Fulvestrant in Participants With HR-positive (HR+), HER2-negative, Advanced Breast Cancer After Treatment With a CDK4/6 Inhibitor and an Aromatase Inhibitor. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Alpelisib and Fulvestrant in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05038735.md - Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Rina-S Compared to Treatment of Investigator's Choice in Participants With Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rinatabart sesutecan in endometrial cancer, run by Genmab, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07166094.md - Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Rina-S in Participants With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Rinatabart sesutecan in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Genmab, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07288177.md - Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Rina-S Plus Standard of Care Compared to Standard of Care for Maintenance Treatment of Participants With Re (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rinatabart sesutecan, Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, run by Genmab, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07225270.md - Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Rina-S With or Without Bevacizumab Compared to Investigator's Choice of Platinum-based Chemotherapy With or (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rinatabart sesutecan, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer, run by Genmab, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07564141.md - Study to Assess the Efficacy of Rina-S Compared to Treatment of Investigator's Choice in Participants With Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rinatabart sesutecan, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Topotecan in ovarian cancer, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06619236.md - Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability of JPI-547 in Combination With Modified FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel in Patients With Locally Adv (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Onconic Therapeutics Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05257993.md - Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of IDX-1197 in Combination With XELOX or Irinotecan in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IDX-1197+XELOX in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Idience Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04725994.md - Study to Compare Furmonertinib to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With (trial): A phase 3 trial of Furmonertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by ArriVent BioPharma, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05607550.md - Study to Compare Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MB11 Versus EU-/US-Opdivo® in Subjects With Previously Untreated Advanced [Unresectable or Metastatic] Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nivolumab in melanoma, run by mAbxience Research S.L., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07221734.md - Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Olaparib When Given in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel, Compared With Carboplatin and Paclitax (trial): A phase 2 trial of Olaparib, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Carboplatin in ovarian cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct01081951.md - Study to Continue Treatment With Darolutamide in Patients Who Have Been Participating in Previous Darolutamide Studies Supported by Bayer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Darolutamide in advanced solid tumours, run by Bayer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04464226.md - Study to Determine the Dose and Safety of Asciminib in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Asciminib in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04925479.md - Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Asciminib in Pediatric Patients With Ph+ CML-CP (trial): A phase 2 trial of Asciminib in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07354074.md - Study to Evaluate Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity When Intravenously (IV) Infused Livmoniplimab is Used in Combination With IV Infused Budigalimab in Adult Participants With Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Livmoniplimab, Budigalimab, Docetaxel and Gemcitabine in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06632951.md - Study to Evaluate Adverse Events and Efficacy of Intravenous (IV) Telisotuzumab Adizutecan in Combination With a PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Adult Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous NSCLC With No Prior Treatment for Advanced Disease, and No Actionable Genomic Alterations (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Telisotuzumab adizutecan, Budigalimab, Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, Pemetrexed and Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by AbbVie, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06772623.md - Study to Evaluate Adverse Events, and Change in Disease Activity, When Intravenously (IV) Infused With Livmoniplimab in Combination With IV Infused Bu (trial): A phase 2 trial of Budigalimab, Livmoniplimab, Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by AbbVie, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05822752.md - Study to Evaluate Adverse Events, Optimal Dose, and Change in Disease Activity, With Livmoniplimab in Combination With Budigalimab Plus Chemotherapy Versus IV Infused Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Untreated Metastatic Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Budigalimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nsclc-2.md - Study to Evaluate CCS1477 (Inobrodib) in Haematological Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Azacitidine in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by CellCentric Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04068597.md - Study to Evaluate D-1553 in Combination With IN10018 in Subjects With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Garsorasib and IN10018 in advanced solid tumours, run by InventisBio Co., Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05379946.md - Study to Evaluate D-1553 in Subjects With Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Garsorasib, Cetuximab and Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by InventisBio Co., Ltd, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04585035.md - Study to Evaluate Efficacy & Safety of Afuresertib Plus Fulvestrant in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Afuresertib in advanced solid tumours, run by Laekna Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04851613.md - Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Firmonertinib Compared With Investigator's Choice of EGFR Inhibitor as First-Line Treatment in Participants W (trial): A phase 3 trial of Furmonertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by ArriVent BioPharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07185997.md - Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of HH2853 in Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of HH2853 Tablets in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Haihe Biopharma Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06909877.md - Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Oral Abexinostat in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Abexinostat in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Xynomic Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03936153.md - Study to Evaluate Imetelstat in Patients With High-Risk MDS or AML Failing HMA-based Therapy (trial): A phase 2 trial of Imetelstat in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms and acute myeloid leukaemia, run by GCP-Service International West GmbH, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05583552.md - Study to Evaluate IMP9064 as a Monotherapy or in Combination in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of IMP9064 in advanced solid tumours, run by Impact Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05269316.md - Study to Evaluate INCB123667 Versus Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Participants With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer With Cyclin E1 Overexpression (trial): A phase 3 trial testing INCB123667 in ovarian cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07214779.md - Study to Evaluate Loncastuximab Tesirine With Rituximab Versus Immunochemotherapy in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lym (trial): A phase 3 trial of Loncastuximab tesirine, Rituximab, Gemcitabine in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by ADC Therapeutics S.A., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04384484.md - Study to Evaluate Safety and Dosimetry of Lutathera in Adolescent Patients With GEP-NETs and PPGLs (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lutetium-177 dotatate in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, run by Advanced Accelerator Applications, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04711135.md - Study to Evaluate Sutetinib Maleate Capsule in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sutetinib Maleate Capsule in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Teligene US, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05168566.md - Study to Evaluate the Diagnostic Performance of GEH300079 (68Ga) Injection PET/CT for Detection of PC in Patients With Colorectal, Gastric, Ovarian, o (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of FAP-2286 in colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer, run by GE Healthcare, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07219238.md - Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in Patients With Grade 1 and Grade 2 Advanced GEP-NET (trial): A phase 3 trial of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06784752.md - Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Camrelizumab and Apatinib in Patients With GC/GEJC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Camrelizumab and Rivoceranib (apatinib) in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04342910.md - Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Lutathera in Patients With Grade 2 and Grade 3 Advanced GEP-NET (trial): A phase 3 trial of Lutetium-177 dotatate in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Advanced Accelerator Applications, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03972488.md - Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of CT041 Autologous CAR T-cell Injection (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Rivoceranib (apatinib) in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by CARsgen Therapeutics Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04581473.md - Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of Rusfertide (PTG-300) in Subjects With Polycythemia Vera (trial): A phase 3 trial of Rusfertide in myeloproliferative neoplasms, run by Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06033586.md - Study to Evaluate the Preliminary Efficacy of SKB264 and the Effect of Clarithromycin on the PK of SKB264 in OC (trial): A phase 2 trial of SKB264 in ovarian cancer, run by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07341100.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ASC40 Tablets in Combination With Bevacizumab in Subjects With rGBM (trial): A phase 3 trial testing ASC40 in glioma & glioblastoma, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05118776.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Oral NRC-2694-A in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck (trial): A phase 2 trial of Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by NATCO Pharma Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05283226.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma ( (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tafasitamab, Lenalidomide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Incyte Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05429268.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Treatment With NLM-001 and Standard Chemotherapy Plus Zalifrelimab in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic C (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Nelum Corp, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04827953.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Camizestrant in Combination With Atirmociclib in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Camizestrant and Atirmociclib in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07427394.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of EP0042 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Venetoclax and Azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Ellipses Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04581512.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability & Efficacy of TNG462 in Combination in PDAC & NSCLC Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TNG462, Zoldonrasib, Daraxonrasib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Tango Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06922591.md - Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, PK Characteristics and Anti-tumor Activity of FCN-159 in Adult and Pediatric Participants With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of FCN-159 in childhood cancers, run by Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co. Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04954001.md - Study to Evaluate VT3989 in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Osimertinib, Pemetrexed, Carboplatin in mesothelioma, run by Vivace Therapeutics, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04665206.md - Study to Investigate Lifileucel Regimen Plus Pembrolizumab Compared With Pembrolizumab Alone in Participants With Untreated Advanced Melanoma. (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05727904.md - Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of RP1 in Adult Patients With Organ Transplants and Advanced Skin Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of RP1, intra-tumoral injection, oncolytic virus in merkel cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, run by Replimune, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04349436.md - Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmocodynamics and Preliminary Antitumor Activity of AT-1965 in Patients With Advanced, Refractory or Recurrent Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AT-1965 Liposome Injection in advanced solid tumours, run by Alyssum Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06234098.md - Study to Test the Safety and Tolerability of PF-07220060 in Participants With Advance Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Atirmociclib, Letrozole, Fulvestrant in prostate cancer, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04557449.md - Study With Elranatamab Versus Lenalidomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma After Transplant (trial): A phase 3 trial of Elranatamab, Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05317416.md - Study With IV NEPA (Fosnetupitant/Palonosetron) for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Paediatric Cancer Patients Undergoing Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Palonosetron, Ondansetron and Aprepitant (and fosaprepitant) in childhood cancers, run by Helsinn Healthcare SA, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06904235.md - Study With Various Immunotherapy Treatments in Participants With Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Domvanalimab, Quemliclustat, Zimberelimab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Gilead Sciences, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05676931.md - Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) as Monotherapy and in Combination With Nirogacestat, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Participants Wi (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Nirogacestat, Pomalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07150104.md - Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Feladilimab (GSK3359609) in Participants With RRMM (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07217119.md - Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Isatuximab in Participants With RRMM (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Isatuximab in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07217184.md - Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Nirogacestat in Participants With RRMM (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Nirogacestat in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07084896.md - Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Nirogacestat, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Participants With RRMM (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belantamab mafodotin, Nirogacestat, Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma, run by GlaxoSmithKline, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07150091.md - Substudy 01A: Safety and Efficacy of Opevesostat (MK-5684)-Based Treatment Combinations or Opevesostat Alone in Participants With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (MK-5684-01A) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Opevesostat, Olaparib, Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel, Dexamethasone and Prednisone in prostate cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06353386.md - Substudy 01A: Zilovertamab Vedotin in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Hematologic Malignancies or Solid Tumors (MK-9999-01A/LIGHTBEAM-U01) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Zilovertamab vedotin in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and burkitt lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06395103.md - Substudy 01I: A Study of Investigational Agents in Participants With Previously Treated Stage IV Squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-3475-01I/KEYMAKER-U01I) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Docetaxel in advanced solid tumours, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06780098.md - Substudy 03A: A Study of Immune and Targeted Combination Therapies in Participants With First Line (1L) Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-3475-03A) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Favezelimab, Belzutifan and Lenvatinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04626479.md - Substudy 03B: A Study of Immune and Targeted Combination Therapies in Participants With Second Line Plus (2L+) Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-3475-03B/KEYMAKER-U03) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Belzutifan, Lenvatinib and Favezelimab in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04626518.md - Substudy 03C: A Study of Combination Therapies in Participants With Renal Cell Carcinoma With Recurrent Disease During or After Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy ( (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Belzutifan, Zanzalintinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07049926.md - Substudy 06C: A Study of Investigational Agents With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) and Chemotherapy in Participants With First-Line Locally Advanced Unresectable/Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (MK-3475-06C/KEYMAKER-U06) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Sacituzumab tirumotecan, Capecitabine, Fluorouracil (5-FU), Oxaliplatin and Patritumab deruxtecan in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06469944.md - Substudy 06D: Combination Therapies in Second Line (2L) Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (MK-3475-06D/Keymaker-U06) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Ramucirumab and Sacituzumab tirumotecan in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06445972.md - Substudy 06E: Umbrella Study of Combination Therapies in Esophageal Cancer (MK-3475-06E/KEYMAKER-U06) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Fluorouracil (5-FU), Oxaliplatin and Sacituzumab tirumotecan in oesophageal cancer, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06780111.md - SUNLIGHT (trial): Adding the old blood-vessel antibody to a late-line chemotherapy pill extended survival by three months in patients who had exhausted standard options. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunlight.md - SUNMO (trial): A chemotherapy-free bispecific plus ADC doublet beat salvage chemotherapy in relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunmo.md - SunRISe-1 (trial): A tiny pretzel-shaped device that slowly releases chemotherapy inside the bladder cleared carcinoma in situ in over 80% of patients whose BCG had failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunrise-1.md - Sunvozertinib (DZD9008) in Pretreated Lung Cancer Patients with EGFR Exon20 Insertion Mutation (WU-KONG6) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sunvozertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05712902.md - Suprachoroidal Administration in Subjects With Metastases to the Choroid (trial): A phase 2 trial of AU-011 in advanced solid tumours, run by Aura Biosciences, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06643884.md - SUPRAME-ACTengine® IMA203 vs. Investigator's Choice of Treatment in Previously Treated, Unresectable or Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma (trial): A phase 3 trial testing IMA203 in melanoma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06743126.md - Surovatamig (AZD0486) as Monotherapy in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) B-cell NHL (trial): A phase 2 trial of AZD0486 in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06526793.md - Surovatamig as Consolidation Therapy in Participants With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma With Unmutated Immunoglobulin He (trial): A phase 3 trial of AZD0486 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, run by AstraZeneca, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07509151.md - SWOG S1801 (trial): Simply moving three doses of the same drug to before surgery improved outcomes, a result that changed how the field thinks about timing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/swog-s1801.md - SWOG S1826 (trial): Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy beat the previous best regimen with far less nerve damage, in the first Hodgkin trial to enrol children and adults together; approved March 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/swog-s1826.md - Symbiotic-GI-03: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing PF-08634404 in colorectal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/symbiotic-gi-03.md - Symbiotic-GI-13: A Study to Learn About Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 as a Single Treatment and Combination Treatment in Adult Participants With a (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PF-08634404, Ipilimumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227012.md - Symbiotic-GI-16: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing PF-08634404 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and oesophageal cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/symbiotic-gi-16.md - Symbiotic-GU-06: A Study to Learn About PF-08634404 Alone or In Combination With Enfortumab Vedotin in Urothelial Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PF-08634404 and Enfortumab vedotin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07421700.md - Symbiotic-GU-08: A Study to Learn About the Medicine Called PF-08634404 Dosed Alone and in Combination With Other Anticancer Therapies in Adults With (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PF-08634404, Ipilimumab, Axitinib in renal cell carcinoma, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227415.md - Symbiotic-Lung-01 : A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing PF-08634404 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/symbiotic-lung-01.md - Symbiotic-Lung-04: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing PF-08634404 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/symbiotic-lung-04.md - Symbiotic-Lung-10: A Study to Learn About PF-08634404 Alone or in Combination in Early-stage or Locally Advanced NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of PF-08634404 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07489066.md - Symbiotic-Lung-14: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF08634404 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Transformed (trial): A phase 2 trial of PF-08634404 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07476287.md - Symbiotic-Lung-20: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 in Combination With Different Anticancer Agents in Advanced Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of PF-08634404, PF-08046054 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07227298.md - SYS6010 Combined With Enlonstobart In Recurrent Or Metastatic Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of SYS6010 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07254585.md - T-Cell Therapy (EB103) in Adults With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of EB103 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, run by Estrella Biopharma, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06343311.md - TAC T-cells for the Treatment of Claudin 18.2 Positive Solid Tumors (TACTIC-3) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TAC01-CLDN18.2 in advanced solid tumours, run by Triumvira Immunologics, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05862324.md - TACTIVE-U: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine (Vepdegestrant) When Given With Other Medicines in People With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (Sub-Study A) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Vepdegestrant and Abemaciclib in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05548127.md - TACTIVE-U: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine (Vepdegestrant) When Given With Other Medicines in People With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (Sub-Study B) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Vepdegestrant and Ribociclib in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05573555.md - TACTIVE-U: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine (Vepdegestrant) When Given With Other Medicines in People With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer. (Sub-Study C) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Vepdegestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06125522.md - TADPOLE (CDRB436G2201) (trial): The first randomised trial to show that a targeted drug pair beats chemotherapy in children with a brain tumour. Children whose low-grade glioma carries a BRAF V600 mutation had far more tumour shrinkage and a much longer time before progression on dabrafenib plus trametinib than on standard carboplatin and vincristine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tadpole.md - TAILORx (trial): Showed that most women with the commonest breast cancer can safely skip chemotherapy if a gene test says their risk is low or intermediate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tailorx.md - TAK-788 as First-Line Treatment Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (trial): A phase 3 trial of Mobocertinib, Pemetrexed, Cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Takeda, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04129502.md - TALAPRO-2 (trial): The PARP-plus-hormone combination that eventually showed an overall survival benefit, in 2024-25. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talapro-2.md - Taletrectinib Phase 2 Global Study in ROS1 Positive NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Taletrectinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Nuvation Bio Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04919811.md - Talicabtagene autoleucel (NexCAR19) phase 1/2 (trial): The trial behind India's first CAR-T approval: about three in four heavily pretreated patients with lymphoma or leukaemia responded to a therapy made in Mumbai. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talicel-phase-1-2.md - Target-Selected CAR-NK Cells (CD30, CD5, or Mesothelin) for Relapsed/Refractory B2 Thymoma or Thymic Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine and EB-CAR30-NK in thymoma and thymic carcinoma, run by Beijing Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07598955.md - Targeted Alpha Therapy With 225Actinium-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-I&T of Castration-resISTant Prostate Cancer (TATCIST). (trial): A phase 2 trial of FPI-2265 in prostate cancer, run by Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05219500.md - Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy for Advanced Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 (SSTR2) Positive Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of [203Pb]VMT-α-NET in neuroendocrine tumours, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, run by Perspective Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05636618.md - TATE and Pembrolizumab (MK3475) in mCRC and NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab, Trifluridine/tipiracil, Regorafenib in colorectal cancer, run by Teclison Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04701476.md - Tazemetostat with doxorubicin as front-line therapy for advanced epithelioid sarcoma (EZH-301 run-in) (trial): The attempt to move the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat into first-line epithelioid sarcoma alongside doxorubicin; the safety run-in enrolled 25 patients and the study was stopped, leaving the accelerated approval without its confirmatory trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tazemetostat-doxorubicin-es.md - Tebentafusp Regimen Versus Investigator's Choice in Previously Treated Advanced Melanoma (TEBE-AM) (trial): A phase 3 trial of Tebentafusp, Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Immunocore Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05549297.md - TeliMET NSCLC-01 (trial): The confirmatory trial for the first c-MET ADC, which was approved early on response rate alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/telimet-nsclc-01.md - Tepotinib Phase II in NSCLC Harboring MET Alterations (VISION) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tepotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct02864992.md - Test-retest Evaluation of [18F]F-AraG PET (trial): A phase 2 trial of [18F]F-ARAG PET in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by CellSight Technologies, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06084806.md - TGRX-326 Chinese Phase II for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 2 trial of TGRX-326 in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Shenzhen TargetRx Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05955391.md - TGRX-326 Chinese Phase III for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TGRX-326 in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nsclc-3.md - TGRX-678 Chinese Phase II in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Patients (trial): A phase 2 trial of TGRX-678 in chronic myeloid leukaemia, run by Shenzhen TargetRx Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06453902.md - TGRX-814 Chinese Phase I/II in Patients With Hematological Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TGRX-814 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Shenzhen TargetRx Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06206174.md - The Clinical Trial of TQB2102 for Injection Against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Negative Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of TQB2102 in advanced solid tumours, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06452706.md - The Effect of Kinisoquin™ on Thromboembolic Events in Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Kinisoquin™ in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by Quercis Pharma AG, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06861088.md - The Efficacy and Safety of PRTX007-003 Combined With Pembrolizumab in Resectable Stage III Melanoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Pembrolizumab in melanoma, run by Primmune Therapeutics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07565285.md - The Evaluation of PC14586 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring a TP53 Y220C Mutation (PYNNACLE) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in metastatic cancer and ovarian cancer, run by PMV Pharmaceuticals, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04585750.md - The KN510713 Study in Combination With mFOLFIRINOX (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Study drug: KN510 120mg/day + KN713 90mg/day, Combination Chemotherapy: mFOLFIRINOX in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, run by New Cancer Cure-Bio Co.,Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07114861.md - The OPAL Study: AVM0703 for Treatment of Lymphoid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of AVM0703 in advanced solid tumours, run by AVM Biotechnology Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04329728.md - The Study for CML Who Failed Prior TKIs or With T315I Mutation or Ph+ ALL Who Failed Prior TKIs or With T315I Mutation (trial): A phase 2 trial of Ponatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, run by Otsuka Beijing Research Institute, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04233346.md - The Study of 177Lu-TLX591 Plus SOC Versus SOC Alone in Patients With mCRPC (ProstACT Global) (trial): A phase 3 trial of FAP-2286, Enzalutamide, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06520345.md - TheraP (ANZUP 1603) (trial): The randomised trial that first pitted a radioligand against chemotherapy and won on response, with fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/therap.md - Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine (AST-301, pNGVL3-hICD) in Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of AST-301 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Aston Sci. Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05771584.md - TheraSphere With Durvalumab and Tremelimumab for HCC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Durvalumab in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Boston Scientific Corporation, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05063565.md - THIO Sequenced With Cemiplimab in Advanced NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Cemiplimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Maia Biotechnology, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05208944.md - This is a Study to Learn About How the Combination of the Study Medicines Sigvotatug Vedotin Plus Pembrolizumab Works in People With Non-small Cell Lu (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06758401.md - This Study Evaluates the Diagnostic Performance and Safety of 68Ga-NYM032 PET/CT Imaging in Patients With Suspected Recurrence of Prostate Cancer. (trial): A phase 3 trial of an investigational treatment in prostate cancer, run by Norroy Bioscience Co., LTD, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07649122.md - This Study Will Explore Whether a Combination of the Investigational Drug Mevrometostat (PF-06821497) and Enzalutamide Will Work Better Than Taking En (trial): A phase 3 trial of Mevrometostat, Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Pfizer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07028853.md - THOR (trial): The first targeted pill to lengthen survival in bladder cancer, for the fifth of tumours with FGFR alterations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thor.md - TIGER: standard-dose TIP versus high-dose TI-CE with stem cell transplant as first salvage for relapsed germ cell tumours (trial): The trial meant to settle a thirty-year argument: whether men whose germ cell tumour comes back after cisplatin should get standard salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tiger-trial.md - TiNivo-2 (trial): A second trial confirming that restarting immunotherapy after it fails does not help kidney cancer patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tinivo-2.md - Tislelizumab (Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Antibody) in MSI-H or dMMR Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tislelizumab in advanced solid tumours, run by BeiGene, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03736889.md - TL938 and Trastuzumab for Patients With HER2-positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Trastuzumab in colorectal cancer, run by Suzhou Teligene Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06589830.md - TMIST (Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial) (trial): The trial that will settle whether 3D mammograms prevent more dangerous cancers than standard 2D ones, or just find more small ones. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tmist.md - To Assess Safety and Efficacy of Agents Targeting DNA Damage Repair With Olaparib Versus Olaparib Monotherapy. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Olaparib and Ceralasertib in triple-negative breast cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03330847.md - To Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Furmonertinib Versus Placebo, in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Positive Stage II-IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Following Complete Tumour Resection With or Without Adjuvant Chemotherapy (trial): A phase 3 trial of Furmonertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer, run by Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04853342.md - To Assess the Safety and Efficacy of SP-002 with Vismodegib for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma (trial): A phase 2 trial of Vismodegib in basal cell carcinoma, run by Stamford Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06344052.md - To Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Tafasitamab Alone or in Combination With Other Drugs in Japanese Participants With Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Tafasitamab, Lenalidomide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, run by Incyte Biosciences Japan GK, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04661007.md - To Evaluate Dose and Safety of NanoEcho Particle-1 Using NanoEcho Imaging Device Examinations of Rectal Lymph Nodes in Healthy Volunteers and Rectal Cancer Patients. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Iron oxide nanoparticles in colorectal cancer, run by NanoEcho AB, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06693375.md - To Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Serplulimab + Chemotherapy (Carboplatin- Etoposide) in US Patients With ES-SCLC (trial): A phase 3 trial of Serplulimab, Atezolizumab in small-cell lung cancer, run by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05468489.md - To Evaluate Efficacy of Belinostat or Pralatrexate in Combination Against CHOP Alone in PTCL (trial): A phase 3 trial of Belinostat and Pralatrexate in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, run by Acrotech Biopharma Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06072131.md - To Evaluate IAH0968 in Combination With CAPEOX in HER2-positive Gastric Cancer (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing IAH0968 in gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06504732.md - To Evaluate OBI-833/OBI-821 in Combination With First-Line Erlotinib in Patients With EGFR-Mutated, Globo H-Positive, Locally Advanced or Metastatic N (trial): A phase 2 trial of Erlotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by OBI Pharma, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05442060.md - To Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of FB-1603 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patient Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Placebo in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by Febico Biomedical Corp., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06478719.md - To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (AB-BNCT) Combined With NBB-001 and NBB-002 for Patients With Recurrent Head and Neck Malignancies (trial): A phase 2 trial of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, run by Neuboron Bio-SciTech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07795034.md - To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Disitamab Vedotin Combined With Toripalimab Sequential Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With HR-positive, HER2-low Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Disitamab vedotin, Toripalimab, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide in HER2-positive breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06389006.md - To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TQB3616 in Combination With Fulvestrant Versus Placebo in Combination With Fulvestrant in Previously Untreated Hormone-receptor (HR)-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing TQB3616 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05365178.md - To Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Profile of ABN401 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring c-MET Dysregulation (trial): A phase 2 trial of Lazertinib in advanced solid tumours, run by Abion Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05541822.md - To Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Osimertinib Prior to CRT and Maintenance of it With Stage III, Unresectable NSCLC With EGFR Mutations (trial): A phase 2 trial of Osimertinib, Carboplatin, Cisplatin and Pemetrexed in advanced solid tumours, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06194448.md - To Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of 15-valent HPV Recombinant Vaccine in Chinese People Aged 9-45 Years (trial): A phase 2 trial of Medium dose for 15-HPV vaccine in advanced solid tumours, run by Shanghai Bovax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06756269.md - To Evaluate the Safety of SG2918 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of SG2918 in multiple myeloma, run by Hangzhou Sumgen Biotech Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07454187.md - To Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Intravesical Instiliations of Disitamab Vedotin in Patients With High-risk Non-muscular Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) That Express HER2 (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Disitamab vedotin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by RemeGen Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06378242.md - To Study the Effect of Inavolisib in Combination With Fulvestrant in Participants With Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Inavolisib and Fulvestrant in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07368998.md - ToGA (trial): The trial that brought the breast-cancer drug Herceptin to stomach cancer, the first targeted therapy to improve survival in this disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/toga.md - TOPAZ-1 (trial): TOPAZ-1 was the first immunotherapy success in bile duct cancer, with a small median gain but a growing tail of long survivors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/topaz-1.md - TOWER (trial): The first randomised proof that a T-cell engager beats chemotherapy: blinatumomab nearly doubled survival in relapsed adult ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tower.md - TQB2922 and TAS-102 Tablets for Injection With or Without Bevacizumab in Chemotherapy-failed RAS/BRAF Wild-type Advanced Colorectal Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TQB2922 in colorectal cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07044908.md - TQB2930 Injection for the Treatment of HER2-positive Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of TQB2930 and Trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer, run by Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07047365.md - TRANSCEND CLL 004 (trial): The study that brought CAR-T to CLL: one in five heavily pretreated patients achieved complete remission, most of them lasting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transcend-cll-004.md - TRANSFORM (trial): The second trial to show a CAR-T beats transplant in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/transform.md - Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) in Patients Who Have Hormone Receptor-negative and Hormone Receptor-positive HER2-low or HER2 IHC 0 Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive breast cancer and HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by Daiichi Sankyo, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05950945.md - Treatment Combination of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab and Enfortumab Vedotin or Durvalumab and Enfortumab Vedotin in Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Ineligible to Cisplatin or Who Refuse Cisplatin (trial): A phase 3 trial of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab and Enfortumab vedotin in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04960709.md - Treatment of Breast Cancer With Trastuzumab + HS627/ Pertuzumab + Docetaxel (trial): A phase 3 trial of Pertuzumab in advanced solid tumours, run by BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04514419.md - Treatment of Chinese Participants With B-Cell Malignancies With BGB-16673, a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Protein-Degrader (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of BGB-16673 in hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma, run by BeiGene, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05294731.md - Treatment of Malignant Ascites Caused by Advanced Epithelial Solid Tumors With M701 Bispecific Antibody (trial): A phase 3 trial of M701 run by Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd., active. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06432296.md - Treatment of Patients With Recurrent High-Grade Glioma With APG-157 and Bevacizumab (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of APG-157 in glioma & glioblastoma, run by Aveta Biomics, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06011109.md - Trial Investigating Visugromab and Nivolumab With or Without Docetaxel in 2L Treatment of Participants With Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Visugromab, Nivolumab, Docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by CatalYm GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07246863.md - Trial Investigating Visugromab in Combination With Immunochemotherapy in 1L Treatment of Participants With Metastatic NSCLC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Visugromab, Pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by CatalYm GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07098988.md - Trial of 225Ac-DOTATATE (RYZ101) in Subjects With ER+, HER2-negative Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer Expressing SSTRs. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Actinium-225 DOTATATE in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, run by RayzeBio, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06590857.md - Trial of Ibrutinib Plus Trastuzumab in HER2-amplified Metastatic Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Trastuzumab and Ibrutinib in advanced solid tumours, run by US Oncology Research, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03379428.md - Trial of Nab-Sirolimus in Combination With Letrozole in Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Sirolimus protein-bound particles in endometrial cancer, run by Aadi Bioscience, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05997017.md - Trial of Nadofaragene Firadenovec vs. Observation in Participants With Intermediate Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Nadofaragene firadenovec in bladder & urothelial cancer, run by Ferring Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06510374.md - Trial of NP-G2-044 (Prilukae) Combined With PLD for Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (ULTIMUS-1) (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of NP-G2-044 in ovarian cancer, run by Novita Pharmaceuticals, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07109414.md - Trial of Orca-T Following Reduced Intensity or Nonmyeloablative Conditioning in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (trial): A phase 2 trial of Orca-T in myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms, run by Orca Biosystems, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07216443.md - Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Epcoritamab in Japanese Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (R/R B-NHL) (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Epcoritamab, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, run by Genmab, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04542824.md - Trial of THEO-260 in Ovarian Cancer Patients (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of THEO-260 in ovarian cancer, run by Theolytics Limited, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06618235.md - Trial of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine OSE2101 in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Secondary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (trial): A phase 3 trial testing OSE2101 in non-small-cell lung cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06472245.md - Trial of Two Adagrasib Dosing Regimens in NSCLC With KRAS G12C Mutation (KRYSTAL 21) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Adagrasib in metastatic cancer, run by Mirati Therapeutics Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05853575.md - Trial to Evaluate Acasunlimab and Pembrolizumab Combination Superiority Over Standard of Care Docetaxel in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (ABBIL1TY NSCLC-06) (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Acasunlimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06635824.md - Trial to Study the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Antitumour Activity of ODM-216 in Patients With Cancer (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ODM-216 in advanced solid tumours, run by Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07805252.md - TrilynX (trial): TrilynX tested xevinapant, a drug meant to make tumours more sensitive to radiation, with cisplatin chemoradiation in 730 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Despite a striking phase 2 result, the phase 3 was stopped for futility in 2024 with worse outcomes on xevinapant, a reminder that early wins in this disease often do not replicate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trilynx.md - TROPiCS-02 (trial): The TROP2 ADC extended survival by about three months in heavily pretreated hormone-positive breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tropics-02.md - TROPION-Breast01 (trial): The trial that got Datroway approved in hormone-positive breast cancer, though it did not extend overall survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tropion-breast01.md - TROPION-Breast02 (trial): The first trial to show an overall survival benefit for a first-line ADC in triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tropion-breast02.md - TROPION-Breast03 (trial): TROPION-Breast03 is the Dato-DXd counterpart to ASCENT-05: an ADC, with or without immunotherapy, for triple-negative patients with leftover cancer at surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tropion-breast03.md - TROPION-Breast05 (trial): Tests whether Dato-DXd plus a PD-L1 blocker beats today's immunotherapy-chemotherapy standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tropion-breast05.md - TROPION-Lung01 (trial): A TROP2 ADC helped in non-squamous lung cancer but not squamous, and the overall survival result fell short. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tropion-lung01.md - TROPION-Lung05 (trial): The study that got Datroway approved for EGFR-mutant lung cancer after other treatments fail. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tropion-lung05.md - TT-4 and TT-10 as Single Agents and in Combination in Subjects With Advanced Selected Solid Tumors and Pleural Mesothelioma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of TT-10 in renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and mesothelioma, run by Portage Biotech, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04969315.md - Tucatinib Plus Trastuzumab and Oxaliplatin-based Chemotherapy or Pembrolizumab-containing Combinations for HER2+ Gastrointestinal Cancers (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tucatinib, Trastuzumab, CAPOX in gallbladder cancer, run by Seagen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04430738.md - Tucatinib+Trastuzumab+Eribulin in HER2+ MBC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Tucatinib, Eribulin and Trastuzumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Criterium, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05458674.md - Tucidinostat in Combination With CHOP in Newly Diagnosed Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma With Follicular Helper of T Cell Phenotype (trial): A phase 3 trial of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Prednisone and Vincristine in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Chipscreen Biosciences, Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06947967.md - TulmiSTAR-02: A Phase I/II Open-label Study of Tulmimetostat in Combination With Darolutamide vs. Darolutamide, and Tulmimetostat With Abiraterone in (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Darolutamide, Abiraterone acetate in prostate cancer, run by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07190300.md - Tumor-agnostic Precision Immuno-oncology and Somatic Targeting Rational for You (TAPISTRY) Platform Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of Entrectinib, Alectinib, Atezolizumab, Ipatasertib, Trastuzumab emtansine and Inavolisib in advanced solid tumours, run by Hoffmann-La Roche, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04589845.md - Two Part Study of Nenocorilant Combined With Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Nivolumab in advanced solid tumours, run by Corcept Therapeutics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07276373.md - TY-9591 in the Patients With EGFR Mutations in Advanced NSCLC With Brain Metastases (trial): A phase 2 trial of TY-9591 and Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and brain and spinal cord tumours, run by TYK Medicines, Inc, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05948813.md - UKCTOCS (trial): The largest screening trial ever run for ovarian cancer found earlier detection but no reduction in deaths, so there is still no recommended screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ukctocs.md - Using 18F-FAPI PET to Detect Metastatic Disease in Patients That Have Gastric or Esophageal Cancer. (trial): A phase 3 trial of [18F]FAPI-74 PET/CT in oesophageal cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by SOFIE, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07217704.md - Valemetostat Tosylate (DS-3201b), an Enhancer of Zeste Homolog (EZH) 1/2 Dual Inhibitor, for Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (VALENTINE-PTCL01) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Valemetostat Tosylate in peripheral T-cell lymphomas and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, run by Daiichi Sankyo, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04703192.md - Vebreltinib Plus PLB1004 as the First-line Therapy for Patients With EGFRm+/MET+ Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC. (trial): A phase 2 trial of Vebreltinib, Osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Avistone Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06574347.md - Vebreltinib Plus PLB1004 in EGFR-mutated, Advanced NSCLC With MET Amplification or MET Overexpression Following EGFR-TKI (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Vebreltinib in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by Avistone Biotechnology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06343064.md - Vepdegestrant (ARV-471/PF-07850327) + Palbociclib vs Letrozole + Palbociclib in ER(+)/HER2(-) Advanced Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of Vepdegestrant and Palbociclib in advanced solid tumours, run by Pfizer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05909397.md - VERIFY (trial): VERIFY showed that weekly rusfertide, a hepcidin mimetic, freed most PV patients from phlebotomy and improved their symptoms, leading to the drug's approval in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/verify.md - VERITAC-2 (trial): The trial that got the first PROTAC approved, with benefit only in tumours with ESR1 mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/veritac-2.md - VIALE-A (trial): The trial that gave older AML patients a real treatment: adding venetoclax to azacitidine doubled remission rates and extended survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/viale-a.md - VISION (trial): VISION was the trial that established radioligand therapy in prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vision.md - Visugromab in Cachexia International Trial (trial): A phase 2/3 trial of Visugromab, run by CatalYm GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07112196.md - Visugromab, Nivolumab and Lenvatinib Compared to Double Placebo and Lenvatinib in Unresectable or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Post Anti-PD-(L) (trial): A phase 2 trial of Visugromab, Nivolumab, Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma, run by CatalYm GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07219459.md - VITAL (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL) (trial): The definitive test of whether vitamin D or fish-oil pills prevent cancer or heart disease in healthy adults. They did not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vital.md - VMD-928 Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab to Treat TrkA Overexpression Driven Solid Tumors or Lymphoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Pembrolizumab in salivary gland cancers and non-small-cell lung cancer, run by VM Oncology, LLC, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct03556228.md - Volrustomig Priming Regimens Exploratory Phase II Platform Study (trial): A phase 2 trial of Carboplatin, Pemetrexed, Ramucirumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by AstraZeneca, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06448754.md - Vorbipiprant (CR6086) / Balstilimab (AGEN2034) Combination in Stage IV Refractory pMMR - MSS CRC, and Other Metastatic GI Cancers (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of Balstilimab in colorectal cancer and gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, run by Rottapharm Biotech, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05205330.md - VOYAGER (trial): Avapritinib failed to beat regorafenib in unselected later-line GIST, confining it to the PDGFRA D842V niche. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/voyager.md - waveLINE-003 (trial): waveLINE-003 tests a ROR1-directed ADC added to standard salvage chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/waveline-003.md - WHEL (Women's Healthy Eating and Living) (trial): Three thousand breast cancer survivors were coached for years to eat far more vegetables, fruit and fibre. They did, and it made no difference to recurrence or survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/whel.md - WoO: Window of Opportunity Trial of Olaparib and Durvalumab in Histologically Proven EOC (trial): A phase 2 trial of Olaparib, Durvalumab in ovarian cancer, run by AGO Research GmbH, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04644289.md - XALute (trial): XALute is the phase 3 test of the first T-cell engager for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xalute.md - Xian-Lian-Jie-Du Optimization Decoction As an Adjuvant Treatment for Prevention of Recurrence of Colon Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial of XLJDOD compound granule in colorectal cancer, run by Jiangsu Famous Medical Technology Co., Ltd., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05709249.md - XNW27011 Study of Advanced Solid Tumor Subjects Who Failed Standard Therapies. (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XNW27011 in ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer, run by Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06792435.md - XPORT-EC-042 / ENGOT-EN20 / GOG-3083 (trial): XPORT-EC-042 tested maintenance selinexor against placebo in TP53-normal advanced endometrial cancer after response to platinum chemotherapy, chasing a subgroup finding from the earlier SIENDO trial. It missed its primary endpoint in July 2026: a trend favoured selinexor but did not reach statistical significance, a lesson in the limits of post-hoc biomarker subgroups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xport-ec-042.md - XTX301 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of XTX301 in advanced solid tumours, run by Xilio Development, Inc., now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05684965.md - YL202 Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Patients With HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing YL202 in HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07461454.md - Zanzalintinib Versus Everolimus in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (trial): A phase 2/3 trial testing Zanzalintinib in neuroendocrine tumours, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06943755.md - Zelenectide Pevedotin in NECTIN4 Amplified Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of Zelenectide pevedotin in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, run by BicycleTx Limited, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct06933329.md - ZEN-3694 with abemaciclib in NUT carcinoma, breast cancer and other solid tumours (NCI phase 1) (trial): A chemotherapy-free combination for NUT carcinoma: a BET inhibitor with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, on the reasoning that both act on the MYC-driven growth programme the fusion switches on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zen-3694-abemaciclib-nut.md - ZEN-3694 with platinum chemotherapy in NUT carcinoma (NCI phase 1/2) (trial): The main open trial for NUT carcinoma, pairing a BET inhibitor that attacks the BRD4-NUT fusion directly with the platinum chemotherapy patients would otherwise receive alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zen-3694-platinum-nut.md - ZEN003694 and Enzalutamide Versus Enzalutamide Monotherapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (trial): A phase 2 trial of ZEN-3694, Enzalutamide in prostate cancer, run by Zenith Epigenetics, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct04986423.md - ZG006 and ZG005 in Participants With Small Cell Lung Cancer or Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (trial): A phase 1/2 trial of ZG006 in small-cell lung cancer, run by Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd, now recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct07038096.md - ZGDH3 (donafenib vs sorafenib) (trial): The first trial in which a new pill beat sorafenib on survival in liver cancer, with a Chinese deuterated redesign of sorafenib itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zgdh3.md - Zimberelimab and Domvanalimab in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Pembrolizumab With Chemotherapy in Patients With Untreated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (trial): A phase 3 trial testing Domvanalimab in non-small-cell lung cancer, active and no longer recruiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nct05502237.md - ZUMA-7 (trial): The trial that moved CAR-T ahead of transplant as second-line treatment for early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma, with a survival benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zuma-7.md ## Pairings (85) Things that work better together, and things that do not. - ADC + checkpoint inhibitor (pairing): An ADC kills tumour cells in a way that alerts the immune system; a checkpoint inhibitor lets the immune system finish the job. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc-plus-io.md - AI pathology → androgen deprivation duration (pairing): An AI reading of the biopsy slide says whether adding hormone therapy to radiation will help. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-pathology-to-adt.md - Amivantamab + lazertinib (first-line EGFR NSCLC) (pairing): Blocking EGFR from inside (a pill) and outside (an antibody that also blocks MET) beat osimertinib and added more than a year of survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amivantamab-plus-lazertinib.md - Anti-EGFR antibody + chemotherapy in left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC (pairing): In bowel cancers that start on the left and have normal RAS and BRAF genes, adding an EGFR antibody to chemotherapy gives the longest survival seen in first-line trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anti-egfr-left-sided.md - Anti-GD2 antibody + irinotecan-temozolomide (chemoimmunotherapy) (pairing): Adding the anti-GD2 antibody to relapse chemotherapy doubled response rates in relapsed neuroblastoma, and the idea is now moving into first-line induction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anti-gd2-plus-chemo-relapse.md - BCMA-directed therapy → GPRC5D-directed therapy (pairing): When a BCMA drug stops working, switching to a drug against a different myeloma protein still produces responses in about two-thirds of patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bcma-then-gprc5d.md - BCR::ABL1 TKI + blinatumomab (chemotherapy-free Ph+ ALL) (pairing): A pill that switches off the leukaemia's engine plus an immunotherapy that mops up survivors, with no chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tki-plus-blinatumomab-ph-all.md - Beta PRRT → alpha PRRT (pairing): When lutetium radioligand therapy stops working, alpha-emitting versions can still control the disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prrt-then-alpha-net.md - Beta radioligand → alpha radioligand (pairing): After lutetium therapy stops working, an actinium version of the same drug can still produce responses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beta-then-alpha.md - Blinatumomab added to frontline chemotherapy (pairing): Interleaving an immunotherapy with standard chemotherapy cycles improves survival in adults and children with newly diagnosed ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blinatumomab-frontline-consolidation.md - BRAF inhibitor + MEK inhibitor (pairing): Blocking two consecutive steps in the same relay prevents the pathway from rerouting and reduces side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/braf-plus-mek.md - BRAF/MEK inhibition → surgery in anaplastic thyroid cancer (pairing): Shrink a BRAF-mutant anaplastic thyroid tumour with pills first, then remove what is left; some patients now survive years instead of months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/braf-mek-neoadjuvant-atc.md - BTK inhibitor + venetoclax, fixed duration (pairing): Block the survival signal and remove the death shield at the same time, for about a year, then stop and stay in remission for years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/btki-plus-venetoclax-fixed-duration.md - Caution: bevacizumab-based regimens with untreated varices (pairing): Immunotherapy plus bevacizumab is standard in liver cancer, but the anti-VEGF part can cause fatal bleeding from swollen veins in the oesophagus unless they are checked first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-varices-caution.md - Caution: bleomycin lung toxicity, especially with brentuximab or G-CSF (pairing): Bleomycin scars the lungs; combining it with brentuximab was fatal in early trials, and PET-adapted therapy now lets most patients skip it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bleomycin-omission-caution.md - Caution: checkpoint inhibitors in first-line ovarian cancer (pairing): Immunotherapy added to first-line chemotherapy has failed to extend survival in ovarian cancer in every large trial so far; its only win is in PD-L1-positive platinum-resistant disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caution-pd1-first-line-ovarian.md - Caution: chemoimmunotherapy in del(17p)/TP53 CLL (pairing): Chemotherapy-based regimens barely work when the p53 gene is lost; these patients need BTK inhibitors or venetoclax from the start. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cit-in-del17p-caution.md - Caution: cumulative anthracycline dose and the heart (pairing): Every dose of doxorubicin adds to a lifetime total; above roughly 450 mg/m2 heart failure risk rises steeply, so sarcoma and lymphoma regimens are capped and hearts are monitored. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/doxorubicin-cardio-caution.md - Caution: de-escalating radiation on HPV status alone (pairing): Being HPV-positive is not enough to justify less radiation; trials that tried it saw more relapses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpv-deescalation-caution.md - Caution: DXd ADC + agents with pneumonitis risk (pairing): Enhertu and its DXd cousins can inflame the lungs; combining them with immunotherapy, radiation, or mTOR inhibitors stacks that risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ild-overlap-caution.md - Caution: ibrutinib in patients with cardiac risk (pairing): Ibrutinib raises the risk of irregular heart rhythm, high blood pressure, and sudden cardiac events; second-generation BTK inhibitors are safer choices for patients with heart disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/btki-ibrutinib-cardiac-caution.md - Caution: IL-2 added to anti-GD2 therapy (pairing): Interleukin-2 was part of the original immunotherapy package but a large European trial showed it adds toxicity and no benefit, so it has been dropped. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/il2-anti-gd2-caution.md - Caution: inotuzumab before transplant (veno-occlusive disease) (pairing): The CD22 ADC is an excellent bridge to transplant, but too many cycles or the wrong conditioning can cause severe liver damage after the transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inotuzumab-then-transplant-caution.md - Caution: LAG-3 blockade outside active disease (pairing): LAG-3 blockers helped in measurable melanoma with one drug pairing, but failed as adjuvant therapy and with a different PD-1 partner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lag3-adjuvant-caution.md - Caution: minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early cervical cancer (pairing): Keyhole radical hysterectomy, though less painful, led to more recurrences and deaths than open surgery in the LACC trial. Open surgery is the standard until protective techniques are proven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caution-mis-radical-hysterectomy.md - Caution: PD-1 rechallenge after progression on immunotherapy (RCC) (pairing): Restarting immunotherapy alongside a targeted pill after immunotherapy has already failed adds side effects and no benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-rechallenge-caution-rcc.md - Caution: T-cell redirectors and infections (pairing): Myeloma bispecifics and CAR-T suppress antibody production so profoundly that infections, not the cancer, became a leading cause of death in early trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bispecific-infection-prophylaxis.md - Caution: TIGIT + PD-(L)1 blockade (pairing): Adding a TIGIT blocker to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade looked good in phase 2 and then failed repeatedly in phase 3. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tigit-plus-pd1-caution.md - Caution: TOP1 ADC immediately after TOP1 ADC (pairing): Giving a second ADC with the same kind of payload straight after the first often does not work well. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc-after-adc-caution.md - CD20 bispecific + CD79b ADC (mosunetuzumab + polatuzumab) (pairing): Pairing a CD20 bispecific with a CD79b ADC lets two targeted drugs with different mechanisms replace chemotherapy in relapsed lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bispecific-plus-adc-lymphoma.md - CD38 antibody added to PI-IMiD-dex (quadruplet induction) (pairing): Adding a CD38 antibody to the standard three-drug induction roughly halves progression risk in newly diagnosed myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cd38-plus-triplet.md - CDK4/6 inhibitor + endocrine therapy (pairing): Cut the fuel (oestrogen) and jam the engine (CDK4/6) at the same time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdk46-plus-endocrine.md - Chemo-immunotherapy induction → maintenance intensification (SCLC) (pairing): Chemo-immunotherapy followed by maintenance in small-cell lung cancer gives four cycles of chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, then keeps the immunotherapy going and adds a second drug to hold the disease longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemo-io-then-maintenance-sclc.md - Chemotherapy + PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, first-line advanced endometrial cancer (pairing): Three trials with three different antibodies agree: adding immunotherapy to first chemotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer roughly triples progression-free time in dMMR tumours and helps the rest modestly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemo-io-first-line-endometrial.md - CLDN18.2 antibody first line → CLDN18.2 ADC or CAR-T on progression (pairing): Hit Claudin 18.2 twice: first with a plain antibody plus chemotherapy, then with an ADC or engineered cells when the cancer comes back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cldn18-antibody-then-adc.md - CROSS chemoradiation → surgery → adjuvant nivolumab if residual disease (pairing): Chemotherapy and radiation, then surgery, then a year of immunotherapy if the operation shows cancer was still there. This is the current curative-intent pathway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cross-then-nivolumab.md - ctDNA KIT genotyping → TKI selection in GIST (pairing): A blood test that reads which resistance mutation a GIST has acquired, so the second drug can be chosen to fit it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctdna-genotype-gist-tki.md - ctDNA MRD → adjuvant therapy decision (pairing): A ctDNA MRD blood test after surgery decides who gets more treatment and who is spared it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ctdna-mrd-to-adjuvant.md - Durvalumab + BCG in BCG-naive high-risk NMIBC (pairing): Systemic immunotherapy layered on top of bladder BCG reduced recurrence, at the cost of systemic side effects in a disease usually treated locally. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/durvalumab-plus-bcg.md - Early FDG-PET response → chemotherapy omission (HER2+) (pairing): A PET scan after two cycles of antibodies alone identifies women who can be cured without chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pet-adapted-her2-deescalation.md - Early relapse: CAR-T before transplant (pairing): If large B-cell lymphoma comes back within a year, CAR-T should come before, not after, a transplant attempt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/car-t-before-transplant-lbcl.md - EGFR TKI → ADC on progression (pairing): After the lung cancer pill stops working, an ADC that does not care which resistance mutation emerged. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tki-then-adc-lung.md - EGFR-directed bispecific + PD-1 blockade (pairing): Pairing a new EGFR antibody with immunotherapy tripled the response rate seen with immunotherapy alone in early trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/egfr-bispecific-plus-pd1-hnscc.md - Enfortumab vedotin + pembrolizumab across the bladder cancer continuum (pairing): The ADC-immunotherapy pair that doubled survival in advanced disease now also works around surgery, in fit and unfit patients alike. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ev-pembro-continuum.md - FLT3 inhibitor + intensive chemotherapy (pairing): Adding a FLT3 blocker to standard chemotherapy is the proven way to improve survival in FLT3-mutated AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flt3i-plus-7-3.md - G12D-selective + pan-RAS(ON) inhibitor (zoldonrasib + daraxonrasib) (pairing): A drug that hits the exact mutation plus a drug that hits every RAS protein, so the tumour cannot escape through a wild-type RAS cousin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/g12d-plus-pan-ras.md - Gemcitabine-cisplatin + PD-(L)1 blockade in biliary cancer (pairing): Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy is now the first treatment for advanced bile duct cancer, with a small average gain and a minority of long survivors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemcis-plus-io-btc.md - Gene-expression assay → chemotherapy omission (pairing): A gene test on the tumour decides who can skip chemotherapy without losing protection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genomic-assay-to-chemo-omission.md - Germline BRCA test → adjuvant PARP inhibitor (pairing): A blood test for inherited BRCA mutations unlocks a year of olaparib after surgery, which improves survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/germline-to-parp.md - HER2 sequence in gastric cancer: zanidatamab/trastuzumab + chemo ± PD-1 → T-DXd (pairing): For HER2-positive stomach cancer, an antibody-plus-chemotherapy first, then Enhertu when it progresses. Both steps now have phase 3 proof. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-gastric-sequence.md - HER2-low scoring → T-DXd (pairing): Reading the faint end of the HER2 stain decides who gets Enhertu. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/her2-low-to-tdxd.md - HIPEC at interval cytoreductive surgery (pairing): Heated intraperitoneal cisplatin during interval surgery, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, extends survival in stage III disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hipec-at-interval-surgery.md - Histology → first-line choice in mesothelioma (pairing): Read the tumour type under the microscope first: non-epithelioid tumours should get immunotherapy up front; epithelioid tumours can reasonably get either immunotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/histology-directs-first-line-meso.md - IMDC risk → first-line regimen choice (RCC) (pairing): A simple clinical score decides between two immunotherapies together or one immunotherapy with a targeted pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/risk-directed-first-line-rcc.md - Immunotherapy before surgery rather than with chemoradiation (HNSCC) (pairing): In head and neck cancer, immunotherapy works when given before surgery but not when given alongside chemoradiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-before-surgery-hnscc.md - Immunotherapy first, then BRAF/MEK (BRAF-mutant melanoma) (pairing): In BRAF-mutant melanoma, start with immunotherapy and keep the targeted pills in reserve; the reverse order costs lives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-first-then-braf-mek.md - Induction chemotherapy → chemoradiation (locally advanced cervical cancer) (pairing): Six weeks of cheap chemotherapy before chemoradiation cut deaths by 40% (INTERLACE), while chemotherapy after chemoradiation did nothing (OUTBACK). Order matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/induction-chemo-then-crt.md - KRAS G12C inhibitor + anti-EGFR antibody (colorectal) (pairing): In colorectal cancer, a KRAS blocker alone barely works because the cell turns EGFR up; adding an EGFR antibody stops that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kras-plus-egfr-crc.md - Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab (pMMR endometrial cancer after platinum) (pairing): An anti-angiogenic pill makes immunotherapy work in endometrial cancers that would otherwise ignore it, at the cost of significant side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lenvatinib-plus-pembrolizumab.md - MAPK inhibitor redifferentiation → radioiodine (pairing): A short course of a MEK or BRAF pill can coax iodine-resistant thyroid cancer into taking up iodine again, letting radioactive iodine work once more. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/redifferentiation-rai.md - Menin inhibitor + venetoclax + azacitidine (pairing): Combining the newest leukaemia drug class with the venetoclax backbone is producing remission rates in frontline NPM1 and KMT2A leukaemia that single agents never reached. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/menin-plus-venetoclax-hma.md - Neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibitor → surgery (or no surgery) in dMMR colorectal cancer (pairing): Test the tumour for a broken DNA spell-checker; if it has one, immunotherapy before surgery melts most tumours and in the rectum can replace surgery altogether. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neoadjuvant-io-dmmr.md - Neoadjuvant immunotherapy → response-adapted adjuvant (pairing): Treat before surgery, look at the removed tumour, and only continue treatment if the response was incomplete. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neoadjuvant-io-response-adapted.md - Oncolytic virus + PD-1 blockade (pairing): An oncolytic virus blows up tumour cells and inflames the tumour; PD-1 blockade then exploits the inflammation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncolytic-plus-pd1.md - Oral SERD + CDK4/6 inhibitor after ESR1 emergence (pairing): When an ESR1 mutation appears, swap the aromatase inhibitor for an oral SERD and keep the CDK4/6 inhibitor going. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oral-serd-plus-cdk46-after-esr1.md - PARP inhibitor + AR pathway inhibitor (prostate) (pairing): In prostate cancer, blocking androgen signalling makes cells more dependent on PARP, and PARP inhibition weakens AR signalling in turn. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parp-plus-arpi.md - PARP inhibitor + bevacizumab maintenance (HRD-positive) (pairing): In tumours with faulty DNA repair, adding olaparib to bevacizumab maintenance roughly doubled progression-free time and improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parp-plus-bevacizumab.md - PD-1 blockade + AVD chemotherapy (pairing): Immunotherapy given alongside standard chemotherapy from day one cures more advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with less nerve damage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pd1-plus-avd-hodgkin.md - PD-1 blockade + chemoradiation (locally advanced cervical cancer) (pairing): Adding pembrolizumab to curative chemoradiation improved survival in high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer (KEYNOTE-A18); durvalumab in a broader population did not (CALLA). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-plus-crt-cervical.md - PD-1 blockade + chemotherapy in PD-L1-low NSCLC (pairing): When the tumour shows little PD-L1, immunotherapy alone is weak, but adding chemotherapy makes it work for most patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pd1-plus-chemo-pdl1-low.md - PD-1 blockade + VEGF inhibition (pairing): Normalising the tumour's blood vessels lets immune cells in, and VEGF blockade removes an immunosuppressive signal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-plus-vegf.md - PD-1 failure → TIL therapy (pairing): When checkpoint blockade fails in melanoma, harvesting and expanding the patient's own tumour-reactive T cells still works in a third of patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/io-then-til.md - Personalised neoantigen vaccine + PD-1 blockade (pairing): The vaccine teaches the immune system what to hunt; PD-1 blockade stops the tumour from switching the hunters off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vaccine-plus-pd1.md - PI3K/AKT-pathway inhibitor + endocrine therapy (± CDK4/6) (pairing): Blocking the PI3K growth pathway alongside hormone therapy works only when the tumour carries a mutation in that pathway, and works best early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pi3k-pathway-plus-endocrine.md - Platinum chemotherapy in HRD tumours (pairing): DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy is especially effective in tumours that cannot repair double-strand breaks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/platinum-plus-hrd.md - PSMA PET → PSMA radioligand therapy (pairing): The scan shows whether the target is there; the treatment uses the same address. Only patients whose tumours light up are treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psma-pet-to-rlt.md - Radiotherapy + immunotherapy (pairing): Radiation turns the irradiated tumour into a vaccine; immunotherapy spreads the response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiation-plus-io.md - Sequence: targeted therapy before immunotherapy in driver-positive NSCLC (pairing): If a lung cancer has a targetable mutation, give the pill first; immunotherapy works poorly in these tumours and raises the risk of severe side effects when a pill follows. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/targeted-before-io-nsclc.md - Sequencing DLL3 engager and B7-H3 ADC in relapsed SCLC (pairing): Two new relapsed-disease options with different targets and mechanisms. Which comes first, and whether one works after the other, is unknown. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tarlatamab-vs-idxd-sequence.md - SSTR PET → PRRT (pairing): SSTR PET followed by PRRT is the original theranostic pair: the scan with the diagnostic isotope decides who gets the same molecule with the therapeutic isotope. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sstr-pet-to-prrt.md - TACE + immunotherapy/anti-VEGF (pairing): Adding drugs to the catheter procedure keeps intermediate-stage liver cancer under control for longer, though a survival gain is still unproven. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tace-plus-systemic.md - TROP2 PET → TROP2 ADC selection (pairing): Proposed: a TROP2 PET scan to choose between three TROP2 ADCs and predict who will respond, since tissue staining has not worked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trop2-pet-to-adc.md - Tucatinib + trastuzumab + capecitabine for brain metastases (pairing): The one regimen proven in a randomised trial to help HER2-positive brain metastases, extending survival in those patients by six months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tucatinib-triplet-brain-mets.md - Venetoclax + hypomethylating agent (pairing): Azacitidine primes leukaemia cells for death; venetoclax removes the BCL-2 shield. Together they roughly doubled remissions in older AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/venetoclax-plus-hma.md - Venetoclax + obinutuzumab (12 months) (pairing): Venetoclax plus obinutuzumab, one year of a pill plus an antibody, was the first fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free CLL regimen, with half of patients still in remission at six years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/venetoclax-plus-obinutuzumab.md ## Roadmaps (29) Where a technology has been and where it is heading. - ADC roadmap: from Mylotarg to bispecific and dual-payload ADCs (roadmap): Twenty-five years of trying to make chemotherapy hit only cancer cells, from the unstable first ADC to today's third-generation blockbusters and the fourth generation now in trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adc-generations.md - AI in oncology roadmap: pattern readers → foundation models → agents in the workflow (roadmap): Artificial intelligence in cancer started as software that flagged spots on a mammogram. It now designs molecules, reads slides better than any single pathologist for some tasks, and is beginning to match patients to trials and draft the tumour board summary; the question is which of it will be proven to help. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-oncology-roadmap.md - AI in the oncology clinic: from narrow cleared tools to multimodal decision support (roadmap): How AI is moving from single-task readers of scans and slides towards systems that weigh everything about a patient, and what regulators and evidence still require. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ai-oncology-clinic.md - Cancer prevention roadmap: tobacco control and vaccines → biomarker-guided chemoprevention → interception in carriers (roadmap): About four in ten cancers could be prevented with tools that already exist: vaccines against the viruses that cause them, tobacco and alcohol control, weight, aspirin for the right people, and finding the families who carry a high-risk gene. The roadmap is mostly about deployment, with interception vaccines as the long-range bet. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prevention-roadmap.md - Cell therapy roadmap: CD19 CAR-T → solid tumours → in vivo CAR (roadmap): From a cure for some leukaemias in 2017 to the first solid-tumour CAR-T and the prospect of making CAR-T inside the body with an injection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-therapy-roadmap.md - Chemotherapy roadmap: mustard gas → curative combinations → the warhead inside smarter drugs (roadmap): Chemotherapy went from a poison that sometimes worked to the backbone of most cures, and is now being given more precisely: to fewer people, at better doses, and increasingly delivered inside an antibody so that it reaches the tumour and not the whole body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chemotherapy-roadmap.md - Devices and physical therapies roadmap: heat and light → electric fields and focused sound → drug-releasing implants (roadmap): Devices treat cancer with physics rather than chemistry: heat, cold, light, electric fields and sound. After decades at the margins, several now have randomised proof and approvals, and the next generation aims to prime the immune system as it destroys the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/devices-roadmap.md - Diagnostics roadmap: stains → gene panels → blood tests that decide treatment (roadmap): Cancer diagnosis moved from what a tumour looks like under a microscope to what is driving it, and now to reading it from a blood sample. The next step is tests that tell the doctor what to do, not only what is there. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diagnostics-roadmap.md - Diet, exercise and lifestyle roadmap: causes established → interventions that disappointed → exercise proven as treatment (roadmap): What people eat, weigh and do shapes who gets cancer and how treatment goes. Decades of trials separated what is established (obesity, alcohol and inactivity cause cancer; exercise after treatment reduces recurrence) from what is hype, and the next questions are being asked with the rigour of a drug trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nutrition-lifestyle-roadmap.md - Drug discovery roadmap: screening in mice → maps of dependency → designing in silico (roadmap): Finding the next cancer drug used to mean testing compounds on mice and cell lines and hoping. It now means mapping which genes each cancer cannot live without, growing a patient's tumour in a dish, and designing molecules on a computer; the job is making those tools predict what happens in people. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drug-discovery-roadmap.md - Early detection roadmap: organ screening → blood tests for many cancers (roadmap): From mammograms and colonoscopies to a single blood draw that might screen for dozens of cancers, with the FDA's first decision imminent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/early-detection-roadmap.md - Epigenetic therapy roadmap: loosening silenced genes → mutation-specific enzymes → editing the epigenome (roadmap): Epigenetic drugs change how genes are read rather than the genes themselves. They started as gentle chemotherapy for blood cancers and are becoming precise drugs against the enzymes and scaffolds that particular cancers depend on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/epigenetics-roadmap.md - Global access and affordability roadmap: essential medicines and generics → biosimilars and frugal trials → reliance, pooling and homegrown innovation (roadmap): Seven in ten cancer deaths happen in countries with almost no cancer care, and even rich systems cannot afford every new drug. The roadmap is the set of levers that already work, from generics and biosimilars to trials that cut the dose, and the ones being built: regulators trusting each other's reviews, pooled purchasing, and drugs and cell therapies made where patients live. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/global-access-roadmap.md - Hormonal therapy roadmap: removing the ovaries → tamoxifen → oral degraders switched by a blood test (roadmap): Cutting off the hormones that breast and prostate cancers feed on has kept people alive for decades. The therapy is now moving from blocking the hormone to destroying its receptor, and from waiting for a scan to switching drugs when a blood test sees resistance coming. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hormonal-therapy-roadmap.md - Immunotherapy roadmap: Coley's toxins → checkpoint inhibitors → engineered immunity (roadmap): The immunotherapy roadmap is a 130-year arc from injecting bacteria into tumours to releasing immune brakes, and now to designing the immune response itself with vaccines, engagers, and cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/immunotherapy-roadmap.md - KRAS roadmap: undruggable → G12C → pan-RAS (roadmap): The most important cancer gene was declared undruggable for 40 years. Then a pocket was found, and now a pan-RAS drug is in phase 3 for pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kras-roadmap.md - Molecular imaging roadmap: FDG → PSMA → FAP → antigen and immune PET (roadmap): From a sugar tracer that lights up most cancers to tracers that show a single protein, a stromal cell type, or the immune cells inside a tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-imaging-roadmap.md - Paediatric oncology roadmap: cooperative-group cures → engineered immunity → drugs developed for children first (roadmap): Children's cancers were made curable by decades of cooperative trials that refined chemotherapy dose by dose. The next gains come from immunotherapy and targeted drugs built for children's cancers, from laws that stop companies skipping children, and from protecting the child who is cured from the cost of the cure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paediatric-oncology-roadmap.md - Paths to cures: interception, eradication, control (roadmap): Three different ways a cancer stops killing someone: stop it before it starts, remove every last cell, or hold it in check for life. Each needs different technology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cure-paths.md - Radical oncology: what could change the war by 2035 (roadmap): Radical oncology is a horizon map of the wilder ideas in cancer, sorted by how close they are to mattering, with the reason each one might never arrive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frontier-2035.md - Radiopharmaceutical roadmap: iodine → lutetium → actinium (roadmap): The radiopharmaceutical roadmap runs eighty years from radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer to alpha-emitting drugs for prostate and neuroendocrine cancers, with isotope supply as the limiting factor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiopharma-roadmap.md - Radiotherapy roadmap: X-rays → shaped beams → fewer fractions, particles and FLASH (roadmap): Radiotherapy cures more people than any drug and has reinvented itself every decade: from crude X-ray fields to beams shaped by computer, delivered in days instead of weeks, and now in fractions of a second. Its future is precision, fewer visits, and combination with drugs that make radiation work better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiation-roadmap.md - Supportive care and survivorship roadmap: making treatment bearable → proving it extends life → caring for tens of millions afterwards (roadmap): Supportive care began as the drugs that let people get through chemotherapy. It is now a discipline with randomised proof that exercise, early palliative care and symptom monitoring lengthen life, and its next task is organised lifelong care for the growing population of people living after cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/survivorship-roadmap.md - Surgery roadmap: radical operations → less surgery → no surgery when a drug has done the work (roadmap): Surgery cures more cancers than any other treatment. Its story for a century has been learning how much can safely be left in, and now whether the operation is needed at all once drugs and radiation have cleared the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surgery-roadmap.md - Targeted therapy roadmap: imatinib → designed for resistance → the undruggable drivers fall (roadmap): Targeted drugs switch off the specific broken protein a cancer depends on. The first ones turned a leukaemia into a chronic condition; the field then learned that resistance is the rule, designed drugs around it, and has now reached the drivers that were called impossible to target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/targeted-therapy-roadmap.md - TNBC roadmap: from 'nothing to target' to ADC + immunotherapy first line (roadmap): How triple-negative breast cancer went from the subtype with no targeted therapy to one with immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, three ADCs, and a positive bispecific ADC in six years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tnbc-history.md - Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on (roadmap): The randomised trial is how oncology knows what works, and it is slow, expensive and enrols fewer than one in ten patients. The roadmap is the set of designs and tools that keep the rigour while cutting the time, cost and exclusions: platform trials that never close, blood-test endpoints, remote consent, real-world data used honestly, and doses chosen by evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trial-modernisation-roadmap.md - TROP2 ADC roadmap: sacituzumab govitecan → Dato-DXd → sac-TMT → bispecifics and PET (roadmap): One target, three approved-or-nearly-approved drugs, and a fourth wave. How TROP2 went from an obscure trophoblast antigen to the centre of breast and lung cancer treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trop2-adc-roadmap.md - Virtual cell roadmap: from bulk omics to a predictive model of a cancer cell (roadmap): The attempt to build a computer model of a cell good enough to predict what a drug or mutation will do before anyone runs the experiment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/virtual-cell.md ## Ideas (1,139) Hypotheses and new directions, linked to the evidence. - 18F-MFBG PET replacing 123I-MIBG scintigraphy (idea): A same-day PET tracer could replace the two-day, low-resolution MIBG scan children now undergo repeatedly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mfbg-pet-replaces-mibg.md - 90-day reliance approval for cancer drugs cleared by two stringent regulators (idea): If the FDA and EMA have both approved a cancer drug, a smaller country should be able to approve it in three months using their reports rather than starting over. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-reliance-90-day-lmic.md - A 'dose evidence' panel in every label: how many doses were tested, and how (idea): A drug's label should say whether its dose was chosen by comparing several doses or simply by finding the most patients could tolerate. Doctors could then know how much room there is to reduce the dose safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-dose-evidence-statement-in-label.md - A $50 million prize for the first off-patent drug proven to extend cancer survival (idea): Offer a large cash prize to whoever proves, in a rigorous trial, that a cheap existing drug helps people with cancer live longer. Prizes pull effort towards neglected problems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-repurposing-prize.md - A 28-day national pathway for people with a positive multi-cancer blood test (idea): A positive blood test with no known tumour is frightening and hard to manage. A standard imaging cascade with a time limit, and a registry of what was found, would make these tests usable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mced-positive-resolution-pathway.md - A billion-dollar prize for the first durable cure of a lethal metastatic cancer (idea): Governments and foundations would pool a prize of about a billion dollars into an escrowed fund, paid only when a treatment is shown in a well-controlled registration cohort to keep most patients with a currently incurable metastatic cancer, such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma or glioblastoma, disease-free for five years. The winner keeps its patent but accepts a price ceiling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-cure-prize.md - A biomarker-directed trial of vitamin D after surgery for digestive tract cancers (idea): A Japanese trial found vitamin D supplements did not help everyone after digestive cancer surgery, but appeared to help a subgroup identified by a tumour marker. That subgroup deserves its own trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-vitamin-d-digestive-cancer-biomarker-trial.md - A blood test for the pre-metastatic niche (idea): Before cancer spreads, distant organs are changed to become welcoming. A test for those changes would show which organ is at risk while a person still looks cancer-free. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-premetastatic-niche-assay.md - A bone drug to prevent breast cancer in BRCA1 carriers (idea): BRCA1 breast cancers seem to grow from cells driven by the RANK signal. Denosumab blocks it and is already used for bone. A trial is testing whether it prevents these cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-brca1-denosumab-prevention.md - A bone marrow niche on a chip to study human dormancy (idea): Dormant cancer cells hide in bone marrow. A lab-built model of that hiding place would let us watch them sleep and wake, and test drugs on them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-marrow-niche-on-chip.md - A breath test to rule out cancer in people with vague symptoms (idea): Volatile compounds in breath differ in cancer. A breath test validated in truly symptomatic patients, not lab volunteers, could tell GPs who needs urgent scans and who can safely wait. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-breath-voc-symptomatic-ruleout.md - A cancer blood test for older people arriving at A&E with unexplained symptoms (idea): One in five cancers in the UK is first found in an emergency, usually late. Adding a cancer test to the blood already taken in A&E for over-60s with vague symptoms could catch some earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-emergency-department-cancer-test.md - A cancer data donor card: patient-controlled donation of records for research (idea): Like an organ donor card, anyone with cancer could sign once to let their medical records and leftover samples be used for research, and change their mind at any time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-donor-card.md - A cancer misinformation rapid-response unit that rebuts within 48 hours (idea): A small team monitors social media and news for spreading cancer falsehoods and publishes clear, sourced rebuttals within two days, before the claim becomes established. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-misinformation-rapid-response.md - A chatbot for pre-test genetic counselling so counsellors see only who needs them (idea): There are far too few genetic counsellors. A validated chatbot can do the standard pre-test education, leaving people with complex needs for humans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-genetic-counselling-chatbot.md - A cheap old tablet to restore appetite (idea): A low dose of an old, inexpensive tablet improved appetite and weight in a randomised trial of people with advanced cancer. It could be used almost everywhere tomorrow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-low-dose-olanzapine-appetite.md - A clone report from blood at every treatment cycle (idea): Blood tests can already detect tumour DNA. Reporting which sub-populations of the tumour are growing or shrinking, cycle by cycle, would turn the test into an evolution monitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-ctdna-clone-report.md - A combination pricing rule so two-drug regimens are not priced as two monopolies (idea): When two expensive cancer drugs are combined, the price is often the sum of both even though the extra benefit is smaller. A rule for splitting the total value between them is needed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-combination-price-attribution.md - A common consent and material transfer template for tumour biobanks (idea): Every biobank negotiates its own legal agreement for sharing tissue, which takes months. A shared standard template, like Creative Commons for samples, would let tissue and data move in days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-common-biobank-consent-mta.md - A commons for leftover trial biospecimens with standard access for approved research (idea): Blood and tissue samples collected in cancer trials are the best material for validating new tests, but most sit unused under contracts that make access impossible. A commons would make them available for approved research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-trial-biospecimen-commons.md - A commons of shelved cancer drugs with their full data, open to new hypotheses (idea): Companies shelve drugs that were safe but failed in the disease they tried. An oncology commons cataloguing discontinued assets with their mechanism, human pharmacokinetics, safety data and reasons for discontinuation, under template access terms, would let others test them where they might work, as NCATS and AstraZeneca schemes have shown. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-shelved-asset-commons.md - A consented commons of surgical video linked to pathology and outcomes (idea): Record cancer operations (with consent), link each video to the pathology report and the patient's recovery, and open the collection to researchers to learn what surgical technique actually works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-surgical-video-commons.md - A coordinated FLASH radiotherapy evidence programme with shared dose-rate standards (idea): Ultra-fast radiotherapy may spare healthy tissue while still killing tumours, but every centre is testing it differently. A coordinated programme would agree the measurements and run the trials that settle whether it works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-flash-evidence-programme.md - A coordinated reserve and shared schedule for the world's medical isotope reactors (idea): A handful of ageing research reactors make most cancer isotopes. Coordinating their maintenance and funding reserve capacity would prevent the shortages that stop treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-medical-isotope-reactor-reserve.md - A dedicated clinic for people whose blood test says the cancer is back (idea): A positive leftover-cancer blood test leaves patients frightened and their doctors unsure what to do. A specialist clinic could give them a plan and a trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-mrd-clinic-service.md - A dedicated fund for randomised trials of cancer AI with patient outcomes (idea): Thousands of cancer AI tools have been tested on old data; almost none in a proper trial. Fund the trials, with endpoints that matter to patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-prospective-ai-trials-fund.md - A dedicated global financing window for cancer, modelled on the Global Fund (idea): Cancer kills more people in poorer countries than HIV, TB and malaria combined, but has no global fund. A pooled fund for diagnosis, essential medicines and radiotherapy would change what ministries can afford to build. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-global-cancer-financing-window.md - A dedicated programme for cachexia and treatment toxicity research (idea): Wasting and side-effects kill or stop treatment for a large share of patients but attract almost no dedicated funding. This would create a standing programme for them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-cachexia-programme.md - A defined pathway for patients with both dementia and cancer (idea): People with dementia who develop cancer are often either overtreated or written off, and decisions are made without them. A clear pathway for assessment, consent and treatment planning would improve both. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-dementia-and-cancer-pathway.md - A delinked market-entry reward paid by payers when a repurposed generic wins approval (idea): Instead of letting a company charge more for a newly proven use of an old drug, payers would pay a one-off reward and keep the price low for everyone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-delinked-market-entry-reward.md - A delivery-science moonshot for prevention we already own (idea): Around four in ten cancers are preventable with tools that exist now. This would fund the hard, unglamorous work of getting vaccines, screening and tobacco control to everyone, paid on results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-prevention-moonshot.md - A dietitian in every gastrointestinal and head and neck tumour board (idea): Malnutrition is the commonest untreated complication in cancers of the gut, throat and pancreas. Putting a dietitian in the meeting where treatment is decided means it is seen and treated before chemotherapy starts, not after weight has been lost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-dietitian-in-every-mdt.md - A digital passport for every cell culture: identity, contamination status, passage number (idea): Each batch of cells used in an experiment would carry a small digital record showing when it was authenticated, tested for contamination, and how many times it had been grown, attached to the published result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-cell-line-passport.md - A digital second-opinion network answering community oncologists within 72 hours (idea): Any oncologist could send a difficult case, with the records, to a specialist centre and get a written expert opinion back within three days, free to the patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-72-hour-second-opinion-network.md - A diversified royalty pool that finances academic phase 1 trials across fifty assets (idea): Investors will not back a single university drug because most fail. A fund that finances fifty of them at once in exchange for a small slice of each one's future royalties spreads the risk enough to attract capital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-royalty-pool-academic-assets.md - A dose-finding trial for exercise after cancer (idea): CHALLENGE proved exercise works in colon cancer but not how much is needed. A trial comparing doses, as we would for a drug, would tell health systems what to fund. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-exercise-dose-finding.md - A drug screen that only rewards killing sleeping cancer cells (idea): Nearly all cancer drugs are found by killing fast-growing cells. Sleeping cells survive them. A screen designed around dormant cells would find a different class of drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-dormancy-selective-screen.md - A DRUP-style protocol for off-label generic targeted drugs in rare tumours (idea): Cheap generic versions of targeted cancer drugs like imatinib exist, but patients with rare tumours carrying the matching mutation often cannot get them. A structured programme would treat them and collect the evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-generic-targeted-therapy-drup.md - A fast IND-enabling fund that pays for toxicology and manufacturing in eight weeks (idea): The studies needed before a first human trial cost a few million and no grant pays for them. A dedicated fund would decide in weeks and take a small share of any future revenue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-ind-enabling-fund.md - A fast route to the matched drug when it is licensed for another cancer (idea): Sometimes a progression biopsy shows exactly which drug would help, but it is licensed for another cancer and cannot be obtained. A standing pathway would fix that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-mechanism-matched-access.md - A federated learning consortium of cancer centres that jointly own the models (idea): Hospitals could train shared AI models on all their patients' scans and records without any data leaving the building, and jointly own the results, if someone built and governed the network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-federated-learning-consortium.md - A fixed share of trial-group funding for getting proven care to patients (idea): Proven treatments, genomic tests and timely referrals routinely fail to reach the patients who qualify for them. Public trial networks such as the NCTN groups, EORTC and the UK NIHR portfolio would have to spend at least 10% of their funding on cluster-randomised or stepped-wedge trials of how to close that gap, cheap studies that use routine data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-implementation-quota.md - A formal patient-burden score in grant peer review (idea): Add a scored criterion to grant review that asks how much suffering the proposal addresses and how soon, judged partly by patients, and give it real weight. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-patient-burden-review-criterion.md - A formal regulatory route for validating a biomarker on archived trial samples (idea): Completed trials have stored samples. Testing a new biomarker on them with the plan written in advance is nearly as good as a new trial and far cheaper, but regulators have no clear route to accept it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-prospective-retrospective-path.md - A frameshift neoantigen vaccine for Lynch syndrome carriers as the first preventive cancer vaccine approval (idea): People with Lynch syndrome have a very high lifetime cancer risk from a predictable set of mutations. Vaccinate them against those shared mutations before cancer appears. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-lynch-vaccine-phase3.md - A functional test for homologous recombination deficiency validated across laboratories (idea): Tests for 'HRD', which decide who gets PARP inhibitors, rely on genomic scars that reflect the tumour's past, not its present. A test of current DNA-repair function would be better, but needs standardising. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-hrd-functional-standard.md - A fund for prospective validation of academic biomarkers and companion diagnostics (idea): Thousands of tests that could predict who benefits from a treatment are published and never validated. A fund would pay for the boring but essential confirmation studies in independent patient groups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-biomarker-validation-fund.md - A funded expert second opinion for every new high-stakes or rare cancer diagnosis (idea): Anyone diagnosed with a rare or complex cancer gets an automatic remote review by a specialist centre, paid for by the health system, before treatment starts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-funded-second-opinion.md - A funded organoid and PDX panel as the go/no-go gate before IND-enabling money (idea): Before any academic compound gets money for pre-trial studies, it would have to show activity in a standard panel of patient-derived tumour models run by an independent centre, so weak candidates are stopped early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-organoid-translation-gate.md - A funded programme of organ-preservation trials to avoid radical surgery (idea): For some cancers, drugs and radiotherapy can now cure without removing the organ, sparing patients a stoma, a lost voice or a removed bladder. A dedicated programme would run the trials to prove where this is safe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-organ-preservation-programme.md - A funder-backed, indexed journal of negative and inconclusive cancer results (idea): Create a proper, indexed journal that publishes failed experiments and trials quickly, with fees paid by funders so that there is no barrier to reporting failure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-negative-results-journal.md - A Gavi-style pooled purchaser for radiotherapy equipment and service (idea): Countries buying radiotherapy machines one at a time pay high prices and get poor service. A single global buyer negotiating for dozens of machines a year could cut prices and demand long-term support. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-pooled-procurement-radiotherapy.md - A global federated real-world evidence network at regulatory grade (idea): Connect hospital records across countries so that questions about how treatments work in real patients can be answered in weeks without moving the data, to a standard regulators accept. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-federated-rwe-network.md - A global first-in-human network for academic cancer trials with single ethics review (idea): Academic first-in-human cancer trials recruit slowly because each hospital repeats ethics and regulatory review. Twenty to thirty academic phase 1 units across Europe, North America and Asia would share protocol templates, one mutually recognised review, a joint safety committee and harmonised contracts, so a trial opens at every site within weeks and rare molecular subtypes can be pooled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-global-academic-phase-one-network.md - A Global Fund for cancer care in low- and middle-income countries (idea): Copy the model that transformed HIV, TB and malaria care: a pooled international fund that pays for radiotherapy machines, pathology labs and essential cancer medicines where there are none. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-global-cancer-fund.md - A global ledger of negative results and failed compounds with mandatory deposition (idea): Every failed cancer drug, experiment and trial gets recorded in one open ledger, so nobody repeats a failure that has already cost years and millions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-negative-results-ledger.md - A global medical isotope supply observatory with forecasts and shortage alerts (idea): Nobody publishes how much cancer isotope is made, where, or when supply will fall short. A public observatory would let hospitals and investors plan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-isotope-supply-observatory.md - A global open trials operating system any hospital can plug into (idea): Build the shared software, legal templates and data standards that let any hospital in the world join a cancer trial in weeks instead of years, the way the internet let any computer join the network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-global-open-trials-os.md - A global rapid tissue donation network for metastatic disease (idea): Almost all cancer deaths are caused by spread, yet metastatic tissue is rarely studied because rapid autopsy programmes exist at only a handful of centres. A funded 20-site network with one protocol, one consent framework and open sample access would collect donated tissue within hours of death. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-rapid-autopsy-commons.md - A guaranteed purchase prize for the first drug against a named hard target (idea): Governments promised in advance to buy vaccines that did not yet exist, and they got made. The same promise could be made for a drug against a target everyone has given up on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-undruggable-market-commitment.md - A guideline fast track for repurposed drugs with phase 3 evidence but no manufacturer (idea): Guidelines usually wait for a drug to be licensed for a use before recommending it. For old drugs no one will license, guidelines should act directly on trial evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-guideline-fast-track-repurposed.md - A Health Impact Fund pilot that pays for measured health gain instead of price (idea): Companies could choose to sell a new cancer drug at cost worldwide and instead be paid from a pooled fund according to how much health it actually delivers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-health-impact-fund-oncology.md - A health-literacy certification standard for oncology portals, letters and apps (idea): Cancer information tools must meet a tested standard: reading age around 12, main languages of the population, audio versions and clear numbers, or they are not certified for use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-literacy-first-design-standard.md - A home for the animal and organoid experiments that failed (idea): Failed laboratory experiments are rarely published, so other teams repeat them. A searchable place to deposit them would save years of duplicated work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-negative-preclinical-repository.md - A joint price negotiation bloc for middle-income countries, modelled on Beneluxa (idea): Small European countries have started negotiating cancer drug prices together. A bloc of large middle-income countries would have far more bargaining power. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-middle-income-negotiation-bloc.md - A legal right to obtain marketed cancer drugs at cost for combination trials (idea): If a company refuses to supply its approved drug for a well-designed independent trial combining it with a rival's drug, the law would let the trial buy it at manufacturing cost, with results shared back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-compulsory-combination-access.md - A legislated, publicly reported 28-day standard from urgent referral to diagnosis (idea): Set a legal limit: anyone referred with suspected cancer should be told within 28 days whether they have it. Publish how every hospital performs each month. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-28-day-diagnosis-standard.md - A liability framework for clinical AI: safe harbour for clinicians, liability for makers (idea): Make clear who is responsible when an AI tool contributes to a mistake: protect doctors who use approved tools as intended, and hold makers responsible for the tool's performance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-liability-safe-harbour.md - A lifelong late-effects registry linked to every treatment for adult survivors (idea): Children treated for cancer are followed for decades in a study that has changed how they are treated. Adults have nothing similar. Build it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-adult-late-effects-registry.md - A live 'seats available' feed for trial slots, like airline inventory (idea): Trial registries say a study is 'recruiting' long after it stopped, and never say whether a slot is actually open this week. A live feed of open slots per arm and site would let clinicians refer with confidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-live-trial-slot-api.md - A live national dashboard of stage at diagnosis as the scorecard for early detection (idea): You cannot manage what you do not measure quickly. Publishing stage at diagnosis by cancer and region every quarter, not years later, would show whether detection efforts are working. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-live-stage-dashboard.md - A live stock-out map for essential chemotherapy drugs (idea): Hospitals in poorer countries often run out of basic, cheap chemotherapy for weeks. A shared live map of stock levels would let buyers and donors act before a child's treatment is interrupted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-chemo-stockout-early-warning.md - A machine-readable taxonomy of why cancer drugs fail (idea): Drugs fail for distinct reasons: wrong target, drug never reached it, unacceptable toxicity, unselected population or poor trial design. A shared machine-readable taxonomy applied to every discontinued oncology programme in public pipeline databases would show where the system breaks, as AstraZeneca and Pfizer's own attrition analyses did. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-failure-taxonomy.md - A machine-readable treatment summary handed to every patient and readable by any hospital (idea): Patients moving between hospitals often carry paper folders or nothing. A standard electronic summary of diagnosis, treatments, and doses that any system can read would stop repeated tests and dangerous gaps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-portable-treatment-summary.md - A mandatory decision aid before any multi-cancer blood test (idea): People are told a blood test can find fifty cancers, but not how many false alarms or how much is unknown. A short, tested decision aid before the test would make consent real. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mced-pretest-decision-aid.md - A mandatory over-70s cohort with geriatric assessment in every pivotal trial (idea): Most people with cancer are over 65, but trials mostly enrol younger, fitter people. Requiring a group of older patients, assessed for frailty, in every big trial would show whether the drug works and is safe for those most likely to receive it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-mandatory-older-adult-cohort.md - A mandatory patient-experience section in every cancer drug label and approval (idea): The official information about a new cancer drug must include what patients on the trial actually reported about side-effects and daily life, not only survival curves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-patient-experience-label.md - A mandatory silent (shadow) trial before any cancer AI goes live (idea): Before an AI tool is allowed to influence care at a hospital, it would run invisibly alongside clinicians for months so its real-world performance at that site is known first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-silent-trial-before-deployment.md - A mandatory trial line in every tumour board recommendation (idea): Every time a team of specialists meets to plan a patient's treatment, they would have to record whether a trial exists for that patient and, if so, why it was or was not offered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-tumour-board-trial-line-item.md - A monthly-updated benchmark for AI answers to oncology questions with citation accuracy (idea): Test the large language models doctors and patients are already using against a continually refreshed set of cancer questions, scoring not just correct answers but whether the sources they cite are real and support the claim. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-living-llm-oncology-benchmark.md - A multi-cancer platform trial of adaptive (dose-holiday) therapy (idea): Instead of hitting a tumour with the maximum dose until it stops working, adjust the dose to keep the tumour small and let drug-sensitive cells suppress resistant ones. Test this properly across several cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-adaptive-therapy-platform.md - A national cancer data space with one legal front door (idea): Instead of asking twenty hospitals for permission, a researcher would apply once to a single national body that can grant access to all cancer records under one set of rules. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-national-cancer-data-space.md - A national late-effects registry linking treatment exposures to outcomes decades later (idea): We know surprisingly little about what happens to cancer survivors twenty years on. Linking their treatment records to later health records would show which treatments cause which problems and who needs watching. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-national-late-effects-registry.md - A national non-profit contract research organisation for academic oncology trials (idea): Running an early trial properly requires monitors, data managers, safety reporting and regulatory filings that universities cannot afford from commercial providers. A public not-for-profit would do this work at cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-public-nonprofit-cro.md - A national platform trial that every ctDNA-positive patient can join (idea): Blood tests can now find leftover cancer months before scans, but most patients who test positive have nothing to enrol in. One standing trial per country would fix that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-national-mrd-platform.md - A national rapid research autopsy network for end-stage cancer (idea): When patients who agreed in advance die of cancer, sampling every tumour within hours reveals how the disease evolved and escaped every drug. Few hospitals can do this today. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-rapid-autopsy-network.md - A national repository of radiotherapy dose plans linked to outcomes (idea): Radiotherapy machines record exactly how much dose every organ received, but the data are thrown away. Collect them and link to toxicities and cures to learn the safest, most effective doses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-radiotherapy-dose-repository.md - A national residual-disease weather service: serial blood tests for every curatively treated patient, pooled (idea): After surgery or curative treatment, everyone gets regular blood tests for leftover cancer DNA, and the pooled results power forecasts of who will relapse and trials of acting early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-mrd-weather-service.md - A neutral platform trial for radiotherapy plus immunotherapy combinations (idea): Radiotherapy may make immunotherapy work better, but the trials to test this are scattered and often small. One shared platform, run by radiotherapy groups with drugs supplied by several companies, would settle it faster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-rt-io-platform.md - A neutral public evaluator for cancer AI, on the model of NIST (idea): Create an independent public body whose job is to test cancer AI tools against each other on locked-away data and publish the scores, so hospitals can buy on evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-neutral-ai-evaluator.md - A neutral slot exchange so unused CAR-T manufacturing slots go to the next patient (idea): Patients wait weeks for a manufacturing slot while other slots go unused when a patient drops out. A shared booking system would match spare slots to waiting patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-manufacturing-slot-exchange.md - A non-profit company to hold marketing authorisations for repurposed cancer drugs (idea): Someone must legally own a drug's licence to update its label and monitor safety. A non-profit could do this for old drugs proven to work in cancer that no company wants. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-nonprofit-marketing-authorisation-holder.md - A non-profit manufacturer for generic cancer drugs in chronic shortage (idea): Cheap, essential chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin run out because making them is not profitable enough. A non-profit maker could guarantee supply at a fair price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-nonprofit-generic-chemo-manufacturer.md - A non-profit manufacturer for shortage-prone generic chemotherapy (idea): Cisplatin and carboplatin cost a few dollars a dose yet ran short across the US in 2023 because too few makers found them worth producing; a non-profit maker with long-term hospital contracts would keep them on the shelf. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-nonprofit-generic-oncology.md - A non-profit pharmaceutical company for the cancers markets ignore (idea): Build a drug company that does not need profits, modelled on the ones that developed new tuberculosis and sleeping-sickness drugs, to take on rare, paediatric and undruggable cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-nonprofit-pharma.md - A non-profit phase 1b combination unit that any drug owner can use (idea): Build a shared, not-for-profit clinical unit that runs early combination trials to a standard recipe, so that small companies and academics can test pairs without building their own trial machinery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-combination-utility.md - A paediatric palliative care team in every childhood cancer unit (idea): Children with cancer, and their families, need symptom relief and support from diagnosis, not only at the end. Every children's cancer unit should have a palliative team, and most in poorer countries have none. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-paediatric-palliative-in-every-childhood-unit.md - A paid patient navigator for every new cancer diagnosis, reimbursed as a service (idea): Every newly diagnosed patient gets a named person whose job is to get them through appointments, tests, paperwork and money problems. Insurers should pay for it because it prevents delays and dropouts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-funded-navigator-per-diagnosis.md - A patent pool for combination method-of-use claims (idea): Companies fear that testing a combination will hand a competitor a patent. A shared pool where combination patents are cross-licensed by default would remove the fear. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-combination-patent-pool.md - A patient-held cancer record that travels across providers and borders (idea): Patients would carry their full cancer history, scans and test results in a standard digital bundle they control and can hand to any doctor anywhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-patient-held-cancer-record.md - A patient-owned, portable complete cancer record in a standard format (idea): Your entire cancer history, including scans, pathology, genomics and treatments, lives in a record you control and can share in one click with any hospital, trial or second-opinion service. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-patient-held-cancer-record.md - A permanent neutral non-profit sponsor for multi-company platform trials (idea): Platform trials that test several companies' drugs against one shared control arm, such as I-SPY 2, Lung-MAP, GBM AGILE and STAMPEDE, are each built from scratch by determined individuals. A permanent non-profit sponsor holding the protocol, control arm, statistics and data, with a standard entry contract for companies, would cut the launch of a new platform from years to months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-neutral-platform-sponsor.md - A permanent platform trial for supportive-care interventions inside cooperative groups (idea): Instead of one-off small studies, run a standing trial that continuously tests new treatments for side-effects, adding and dropping arms as evidence arrives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-supportive-care-platform-trial.md - A permanently funded international network for randomised cancer surgery trials (idea): Surgery cures more cancer than any drug, yet most operations have never been compared in a proper trial. A standing network of hospitals, with core funding, would run those trials continuously. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-surgical-trials-network.md - A perpetual platform trial in every major cancer, funded as infrastructure (idea): Instead of starting a new trial for every drug pair, keep one always-open trial per cancer that new arms can join and leave, sharing the same control group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-perpetual-platforms.md - A phase 0 fund to test academic compounds in humans with microdoses and imaging (idea): Before investing in a full trial, give a few patients a tiny dose of a new compound and use scans and blood tests to see whether it reaches the tumour and hits its target. Fund these small studies as a matter of routine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-phase-zero-fund.md - A plain-language explainer for every guideline recommendation, in every major language (idea): For each treatment recommendation in the guidelines, publish a short explanation patients can read in their own language: what it is, why it is recommended, and what the evidence says. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-patient-explainers-per-recommendation.md - A plain-language summary of every cancer trial result within a year (idea): Every cancer trial would have to publish a short, clear summary that patients can understand, within twelve months of results, in one public place. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-plain-language-summary-mandate.md - A platform trial of very-low-cost metronomic chemotherapy in LMIC common cancers (idea): Frequent tiny doses of cheap old chemotherapy pills have shown surprising benefit in some cancers. A single large trial network in India and Africa could find out where this works and where it does not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-metronomic-lmic-platform-trial.md - A pragmatic trial network for intraoperative margin tools, paid on margin reduction (idea): Tools that show surgeons where the tumour ends during the operation could cut the number of patients who need a second operation, but none has been properly tested at scale. A network would run those trials and pay on results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-intraoperative-imaging-trials.md - A pragmatic trial of statins to prevent liver cancer in people with cirrhosis (idea): People with cirrhosis have a high risk of liver cancer, and those who happen to take statins seem to get it less often. A proper trial would settle whether statins should be prescribed for prevention. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-statin-hcc-prevention-trial.md - A pre-competitive consortium to train a shared multimodal cancer foundation model (idea): Companies, hospitals and funders would form a consortium, like the Structural Genomics Consortium or IMI, to train one multimodal AI on scans, slides, genomes and outcomes from millions of patients by federated training across dozens of health systems, with the data never leaving the hospitals. Members would share the base model and compete on applications built on it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-precompetitive-cancer-foundation-model.md - A pre-competitive consortium to validate or kill academic targets before licensing (idea): Companies and public funders would jointly pay for standardised experiments that confirm or refute new cancer targets, sharing all results openly, so nobody wastes years on a target that does not hold up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-target-validation-consortium.md - A pre-registered standard for emulating trials with real-world data (idea): When researchers use hospital records to ask 'would drug A have beaten drug B in a trial', they should follow a published recipe and register their plan first, so the answer can be trusted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-target-trial-emulation-standard.md - A precompetitive consortium for the twenty hardest cancer targets (idea): No single company will spend a decade on a target that might be impossible. A shared, openly published effort across the twenty hardest targets spreads that risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-undruggable-open-consortium.md - A prevention programme for chemotherapy nerve damage: SARM1 inhibitors, cooling and compression (idea): Nerve damage from taxanes and platinum is common, often permanent and has no approved preventive. Test the most promising candidates head to head in one programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-neuropathy-prevention-programme.md - A public API serving the current standard of care for any cancer, stage and biomarker (idea): A free web service where any app or hospital system can ask 'what is the recommended treatment for this exact situation today' and get a cited, versioned answer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-standard-of-care-api.md - A public atlas of drug-pair responses across a thousand patient-derived organoids (idea): Build a large, openly shared dataset of how tumour organoids respond to drug pairs, so that anyone can look up which combinations might work for which tumour type. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-organoid-matrix-atlas.md - A public benchmark and audit of chatbot answers to cancer questions (idea): Patients now ask AI assistants about their cancer. Test those assistants regularly on real questions, publish the scores, and certify the ones that meet the bar. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-ai-cancer-answer-audit.md - A public biomarker validation utility with pre-diagnostic biobanks and blinded testing (idea): Thousands of cancer biomarkers are published; almost none reach patients because nobody validates them fairly. Create a public service that tests any candidate blind against stored samples. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-biomarker-validation-utility.md - A public dashboard of research money per death for every cancer (idea): A simple website that shows, every year, how much research money each cancer receives compared with how many people it kills, so the gaps are impossible to ignore. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-dollars-per-death-dashboard.md - A public equity index for trial sites and sponsors, tied to funding (idea): Rank hospitals and companies each year on how well their trial participants match the people with the disease in their area, and use the ranking when deciding who gets public research money and trial contracts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-site-equity-index.md - A public fund and label pathway to trial generic drugs against cancer (idea): Cheap old drugs such as aspirin, statins, metformin and beta-blockers show hints of cancer benefit but no company will pay for the trials. Create a public fund and a way to update their labels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-generics-for-cancer-fund.md - A public fund for trials that test less treatment (idea): No company will pay to find out whether six months of its drug works as well as twelve. A dedicated public fund would pay for those trials, which save patients side effects and health systems money. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-public-de-escalation-trial-fund.md - A public fund that pays for phase 3 trials of cheap, off-patent drugs against cancer (idea): Old drugs like aspirin, statins and beta-blockers show hints of fighting cancer, but no company will pay to prove it. A dedicated public fund should. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-global-repurposing-fund.md - A public indemnity pool so universities can sponsor first-in-human cancer trials (idea): Universities often refuse to be the legal sponsor of a first-in-human trial because they cannot afford the insurance and liability. A shared public insurance pool would remove that block. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-academic-sponsor-indemnity-pool.md - A public index of how the same cancer drug's label differs between countries (idea): Nobody keeps track of how differently the same drug is approved and dosed around the world. A public scoreboard would make the differences visible and push regulators to converge. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-label-divergence-index.md - A public map of trial deserts to steer where new sites open (idea): Combine registry cancer incidence by district with open trial site locations from ClinicalTrials.gov to map the regions where patients live more than an hour from any trial. Sponsors and funders would use it to decide where to open sites and justify site selection in diversity plans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-trial-desert-map.md - A public registry of cancer treatments that were later shown not to work (idea): Keep a running, well-documented list of cancer practices and approvals that were reversed by later evidence, so the pattern of mistakes is visible and teachable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-reversal-registry.md - A public registry of every AI model used in cancer care (idea): Like a trial registry, every AI tool used on real patients would be listed publicly with what it is for, what data it was trained on, how well it performed and which version is running where. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-clinical-ai-model-registry.md - A public registry of stalled academic assets and shelved company compounds (idea): Thousands of cancer compounds that stopped development for portfolio rather than scientific reasons sit unused in university freezers and company archives. A public catalogue listing each asset's mechanism, stage, data, reason for stopping and licensing contact, with a standard research licence and a brokerage function, would let academic and non-profit developers adopt them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-stalled-asset-registry.md - A public registry of unanswered clinical questions linked to funding calls (idea): Keep a public list of the questions doctors and patients most need answered but no trial addresses, and tie research funding to it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-unanswered-questions-registry.md - A public registry of unproven cancer clinics and reported outcomes (idea): A searchable public record of clinics selling unproven cancer treatments, with the claims they make, the prices, the evidence and the harms reported by patients and doctors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-unproven-clinic-registry.md - A public rulebook for when an external or synthetic control arm is acceptable (idea): Sometimes a trial cannot randomise, so the new drug is compared with past patients' records. Clear published rules on when that is allowed, and how it must be done, would replace case-by-case guesswork. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-external-control-rulebook.md - A public tracker of how long each country takes to adopt new evidence (idea): Measure and publish, for every practice-changing result, how long it takes before most eligible patients in each country and hospital actually receive it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-evidence-to-adoption-tracker.md - A public transparency score for every trial sponsor, used by sites and patients (idea): Rate sponsors on whether they publish their results, share data and register outcomes honestly. Hospitals and patients can then prefer sponsors that behave well. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-sponsor-transparency-score.md - A public-benefit phase 1 factory that takes academic discoveries into first-in-human trials (idea): Promising academic cancer discoveries stall because nobody funds the expensive step from lab to first human trial. Build a shared public facility that does exactly that step, repeatedly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-public-phase1-factory.md - A publicly held library of investigational drugs available for academic combination trials (idea): A government or charity holds stocks of experimental cancer drugs under standing agreements, so academic doctors can test combinations without negotiating with each company separately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-public-combination-formulary.md - A randomised trial of a shared-antigen vaccine to prevent Lynch syndrome cancers (idea): Lynch syndrome tumours share predictable mutations the immune system can target. A vaccine in early trials could be tested to see if it prevents polyps and cancers in carriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-rct.md - A randomised trial of AI scribes in oncology clinics measuring errors and time (idea): AI tools that write clinic notes are spreading fast in cancer clinics. Test them properly: do they save time, do they make mistakes about drugs and doses, and do patients notice a difference? https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-llm-documentation-rct-oncology.md - A randomised trial of AI-generated treatment recommendations versus tumour boards (idea): Test head to head whether an AI that reads the record and the evidence recommends treatments as well as a panel of experts, and whether patients do as well. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-vs-tumour-board-rct.md - A real-world sequencing analysis within a year of every new approval (idea): Trials tell us a drug works but not where it fits among the others. Commit to answering 'which order' from hospital data within a year of each approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-sequencing-analysis-per-approval.md - A RECOVERY-style permanent platform trial of cheap drugs added to cancer care (idea): The UK's RECOVERY trial answered questions about dexamethasone and other cheap COVID drugs within months by randomising tens of thousands of ordinary hospital patients with a two-page consent and routine-data follow-up. Cancer needs the same permanent platform to test generics such as statins, metformin, aspirin and propranolol added to standard care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-recovery-style-platform-repurposing.md - A registry for preclinical experiments that did not work (idea): Most lab experiments that fail are never written up, so other labs repeat them. A simple, structured registry with a citable record for each failed experiment would stop the waste. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-preclinical-negative-registry.md - A registry of every treatment sequence patients actually receive, with outcomes (idea): Record, for every patient, the order of treatments and what happened, so that the most common sequences can be compared and the worst ones flagged. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-sequence-registry.md - A registry of external validation datasets for cancer AI models, with mandatory reporting (idea): Cancer AI models are usually tested on data from the same hospital they were built on. A registry of independent test datasets, and a rule that every model reports performance on at least one, would show which models really work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-ai-external-validation-registry.md - A regulator-endorsed standard contract for inter-company combination trials (idea): Most of the delay in testing two companies' drugs together is lawyers negotiating from scratch. A single standard agreement, blessed by regulators, would let them sign in weeks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-standard-combination-agreement.md - A regulatory endpoint for drugs that block spread, not tumours (idea): Today a cancer drug is approved for shrinking tumours. A drug that stopped cancer spreading would fail that test, so almost nobody develops one. A new endpoint would fix that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-antimetastatic-endpoint.md - A regulatory pathway for new radiotherapy techniques modelled on drug development (idea): New ways of giving radiotherapy are adopted without the staged testing that drugs go through, and are then hard to evaluate. A defined pathway with fee waivers and clear evidence steps would bring rigour without blocking progress. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-radiotherapy-innovation-pathway.md - A regulatory sandbox for continuously learning cancer AI (idea): Let AI tools that improve as they learn be used under close supervision in a few hospitals, with pre-agreed rules for what changes are allowed and how they are checked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-regulatory-sandbox-adaptive-ai.md - A reliance pathway for companion diagnostics so the test arrives with the drug (idea): Targeted cancer drugs often reach a country years before the test needed to select patients is approved there. Recognising other regulators' test approvals would close the gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-diagnostic-reliance-pathway.md - A replication status badge on every cancer paper, visible in PubMed (idea): When you look up a paper, you should immediately see whether anyone has tried to repeat it and whether they succeeded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-replication-status-badge.md - A repurposing label pathway with short exclusivity that non-profits can hold (idea): Create a way for a charity or university to get a cheap old drug officially approved for a new cancer use, with a few years of protection on that use so trial costs can be recovered without high prices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-repurposing-indication-exclusivity.md - A ring-fenced metastasis programme with metastasis-specific endpoints (idea): Metastasis causes about nine in ten cancer deaths but gets a small slice of research money. This would ring-fence a tenth of national cancer research budgets for the biology and trials of spread itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-metastasis-moonshot.md - A risk-stratified cardio-oncology pathway for everyone receiving heart-toxic cancer therapy (idea): Some chemotherapy and antibody drugs damage the heart. Checking heart function before and during treatment and starting protective drugs early for those at risk could prevent much of that damage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-risk-stratified-cardio-oncology-pathway.md - A same-week expert second opinion for every rare cancer diagnosis (idea): Rare cancers are often misdiagnosed, which sends patients down the wrong treatment path. Digital slide sharing could get every case to an expert within days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-rare-cancer-telepathology-network.md - A shared AI review assistant that maps one dossier to every regulator's questions (idea): Regulators are starting to use AI to read dossiers faster. If they shared one tool, it could show where their questions overlap and where they truly disagree. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-shared-ai-review-assistant.md - A shared compound library that rare cancer researchers can actually use (idea): Companies hold thousands of well-characterised drugs that could help rare cancers, but each request takes a year of legal negotiation. One standing agreement would unblock it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-shared-compound-access-pool.md - A shared library of pooled control arms to shrink and speed future trials (idea): Thousands of patients have received standard treatment in the control arms of past trials. Pooling their anonymised data would let new trials borrow from them and randomise fewer patients to old treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-control-arm-commons.md - A short pre-surgery drug window as the default early test of new agents (idea): Between diagnosis and surgery there are usually a few weeks. Giving a new drug in that window and comparing the tumour before and after surgery shows whether it hits its target in real people, quickly and cheaply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-window-of-opportunity-default.md - A single 'cancer check at 60' appointment bundling all screening tests (idea): People are invited separately for bowel, breast, cervical and lung screening, and partial participation is common. One appointment at 50 and 60, modelled on the NHS Health Check, offering every eligible test plus family history and risk assessment with navigation support, would raise uptake. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-bundled-cancer-check-at-60.md - A single calibrated tumour mutational burden across all sequencing panels (idea): Tumour mutational burden decides who gets immunotherapy in some settings, but every sequencing panel calculates it differently. A shared calibration would make the number mean the same thing everywhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-tmb-calibration-standard.md - A single oncology trial data trust with mandatory deposit within eighteen months (idea): Every cancer trial's anonymised patient-level data would go into one trusted repository within eighteen months of completion, with a single access committee, so researchers can re-analyse, pool and learn from trials that today stay locked up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-trial-data-trust.md - A skull ultrasound implant that opens the barrier at every cycle (idea): A small ultrasound device implanted in the skull can be switched on at each chemotherapy visit to briefly open the brain barrier, letting drugs in every cycle. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-implanted-ultrasound-repeat-dosing.md - A social impact bond: investors fund a repurposing trial, payers repay from savings (idea): If a cheap old drug could replace or reduce an expensive cancer treatment, health systems save money. Investors could fund the trial and be repaid from those savings if it works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-repurposing-social-impact-bond.md - A standard cross-company combination agreement that takes weeks, not years, to sign (idea): Companies with drugs that might work together rarely test them because the legal negotiation takes longer than the trial. A pre-written standard contract would fix that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-combination-template-agreement.md - A standard evaluation pathway for AI-assisted pathology, from reader study to deployment (idea): Pathology AI is cleared on uneven evidence, often without showing that pathologists using it do better than without. The proposed standard has two stages: a pre-registered, fully crossed multi-reader multi-case study comparing pathologist plus AI with pathologist alone, then a prospective deployment study measuring turnaround, tumour board discordance and treatment changes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-pathology-evaluation-standard.md - A standard evolvability score for every tumour (idea): Some tumours change fast and escape drugs quickly; others are stable. A single validated score for how evolvable a tumour is would tell doctors how aggressively to combine treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-evolvability-index.md - A standard for monitoring AI performance drift with pause thresholds (idea): Set common rules for how hospitals check that an AI tool still works as the scanners, patients and practices around it change, and when it must be switched off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-drift-monitoring-standard.md - A standard for tumour-agnostic approvals: minimum histologies and hierarchical modelling (idea): Some drugs are approved for any cancer with a particular mutation. Clear rules on how many cancer types must be tested, and how to combine results across them, would make these approvals more consistent and faster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-tumour-agnostic-approval-standard.md - A standard handoff with medication reconciliation at every cancer care transition (idea): Cancer care has more handoffs than most conditions, hospital to home, surgery to chemotherapy, oncology back to the family doctor, and information and medications are lost at each. A standard handoff checklist plus pharmacist medication reconciliation covering oral anticancer drugs, steroids, anticoagulants and opioids at every transition would prevent avoidable adverse drug events cheaply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-transition-handoff-medication-reconciliation.md - A standard platform to get drugs into the brain: focused ultrasound plus shuttle-engineered therapeutics (idea): Most cancer drugs cannot cross into the brain. Combine ultrasound that briefly opens the barrier with drugs engineered to be carried across, and make this a standard platform for every brain tumour and brain metastasis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-brain-delivery-platform.md - A standing platform for testing new drugs with radiotherapy (idea): Radiotherapy is given to half of all cancer patients but few new drugs are tested alongside it. A permanent trial platform would test drug-plus-radiation pairs systematically. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-rt-drug-platform.md - A standing platform trial for every major cancer, funded as infrastructure (idea): Rather than building a new trial from scratch for every drug, keep one permanent trial open per cancer where new treatments can be slotted in and dropped out, sharing the same patients, control group and infrastructure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-standing-platform-per-cancer.md - A standing platform trial that assigns treatment by how the tumour escaped (idea): Instead of a new trial for each resistance mechanism, one continuous trial could sort patients into arms based on the reason their last treatment failed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-resistance-platform-trial.md - A standing rulebook for one-patient treatments (idea): Sometimes a treatment must be designed for a single patient. Agreeing in advance what evidence and safety checks are needed would make that fast, fair and learnable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-n-of-1-framework.md - A statutory minimum share of public trial money for surgery and radiotherapy (idea): Surgery and radiotherapy cure more people than drugs but get a fraction of trial funding because there is no company sponsor. A rule would guarantee them a fixed share of public trial money. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-non-drug-trial-quota.md - A strategic reserve of essential generic cancer drugs to end recurring shortages (idea): Cancer patients have had treatments delayed because basic chemotherapy drugs ran out. Keeping a national stockpile, like for flu antivirals, would prevent this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-generic-chemo-strategic-reserve.md - A structured pathway for patients declining proven treatment (idea): When someone refuses recommended treatment, do not just record it. Offer a second conversation, address the beliefs behind it, keep the door open and track what happens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-treatment-refusal-pathway.md - A structured registry for every off-label cancer drug use (idea): Doctors often use cancer drugs outside their approved use based on a hunch or a small study. Record what happens every time so the hunches become evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-off-label-outcomes-registry.md - A survivor biobank to find who will develop late effects before they do (idea): Two people can have identical treatment and only one develops heart failure or a second cancer years later. Collecting blood and genetic data from survivors could reveal who is at risk and who can be reassured. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-survivor-biobank-late-effect-prediction.md - A survivorship passport app for adolescent and young adult survivors (idea): Adolescent and young adult survivors live longest with late effects and are the group most often lost to follow-up as they change doctors over decades. A phone app version of Europe's Survivorship Passport, holding treatment history, exposure-based risk explanations and screening reminders, would travel with them for life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-aya-survivorship-passport.md - A survivorship research endowment funded by a levy on curative therapy prices (idea): Tens of millions of people live after cancer with heart damage, infertility and second cancers. A tiny levy on the price of curative treatments would build a permanent fund to study and treat late effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-survivorship-endowment-levy.md - A swallowable sponge test for reflux patients, offered in pharmacies (idea): A pill on a string collects cells from the food pipe and finds Barrett's oesophagus, a precursor of cancer. Offering it in pharmacies to people on long-term heartburn drugs would find it early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-capsule-sponge-pharmacy.md - A synthetic lethality map for every cancer driver in every tissue context (idea): For each cancer-causing mutation, find every gene the cancer cell newly depends on, in every tissue, so that even undruggable drivers get druggable partners. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-synthetic-lethality-map-every-driver.md - A synthetic twin of every restricted cancer dataset for code development (idea): Publish a fake but realistic copy of each secure cancer dataset so researchers can write and test their code at home, then run the finished code on the real data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-synthetic-companion-datasets.md - A target de-risking index that counts failures as well as successes (idea): For each drug target, show how many programmes have been tried against it and how many failed, so new teams know what they are up against. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-target-failure-index.md - A ten-dollar blood test for the five cancers that kill most people in poorer countries (idea): Most cancer deaths are in low and middle income countries, where scans and endoscopies are scarce. A cheap methylation blood test tuned to liver, stomach, oesophageal, cervical and breast cancer could fill the gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-lmic-five-cancer-methylation-test.md - A ten-year cohort of incidental findings to calibrate follow-up guidelines (idea): Scans find unexpected lumps in the adrenal, thyroid, pancreas and lung. Nobody knows how many matter. A national cohort following them for ten years would tell us whom to watch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-incidentaloma-natural-history-cohort.md - A test to tell true oligometastatic disease from hidden widespread spread (idea): Some people have only a few sites of spread and can be treated at each one; others have further deposits not yet visible, and counting lesions cannot tell them apart. A signature built from tumour DNA levels, microRNA classifiers and clonal diversity across lesions would define the biology and spare futile ablation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-oligometastatic-signature.md - A therapeutic vaccine to clear cervical precancer without surgery (idea): Precancer is treated by cutting away part of the cervix, which raises pregnancy risks. A vaccine that makes the immune system clear the infected cells would avoid surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-therapeutic-hpv-vaccine-cin.md - A translation fund for academic surgical devices and radiotherapy technology (idea): New surgical tools, imaging probes and radiotherapy hardware invented in universities rarely attract investors. A dedicated fund would pay for prototyping, safety testing and first-in-human studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-device-and-technique-translation-fund.md - A trial of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs with cancer as the primary outcome (idea): Obesity raises the risk of 13 cancers, and GLP-1 weight-loss drugs are already in routine use for diabetes and obesity. Observational data hint that they cut obesity-related cancers but confounding is severe, so a randomised trial in adults aged 50 to 70 with a BMI of 30 or more should make cancer the primary outcome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-glp1-cancer-prevention-rct.md - A trials fund reserved for older and multimorbid patients (idea): Most people with cancer are over 65, but most trial patients are younger and fitter. A dedicated fund would pay for trials designed for the patients we actually treat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-older-patients-trial-fund.md - A tumour board assistant that cites its evidence and tracks outcomes (idea): Give every tumour board a tool that pulls up the relevant trials and guideline lines for each case with citations, records what was decided, and later shows how the patient did. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-tumour-board-evidence-assistant.md - A universal material transfer agreement with a thirty-day default (idea): Getting a cell line, mouse model or antibody from another lab can take six months of paperwork. Funders would require a standard agreement that goes through automatically unless someone objects within thirty days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-universal-mta-fast-lane.md - A university cyclotron network with shared regulatory files for new tracers (idea): Most new cancer imaging agents and radioactive drugs start in university hospitals. A network sharing production, quality files and regulatory paperwork would get them into multi-centre trials years faster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-academic-radiopharma-pipeline.md - A urine DNA test to decide who with blood in the urine needs a camera test (idea): Most people referred for blood in the urine do not have bladder cancer, yet all get cystoscopy. A urine DNA or methylation test could safely spare most of them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-urine-dna-haematuria-triage.md - A vaccine against H. pylori for children in high-risk regions (idea): A childhood vaccine against the stomach bacterium behind most stomach cancer would prevent infection for life. One trial in China showed protection; the idea has stalled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpylori-childhood-vaccine.md - A verified information layer that labels and links cancer content across platforms (idea): Wherever cancer information appears online, a visible marker shows whether it matches what trusted sources say, with a one-click link to the plain-language evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-verified-information-layer.md - A video-based surgical quality registry linking assessed skill to cancer outcomes (idea): Surgeons' skill affects whether cancer comes back, but nobody measures it. Recording operations and rating them, increasingly with AI, then linking ratings to outcomes, would make surgical quality visible and improvable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-surgical-video-registry.md - A virtual cancer cell that predicts what a drug will do before you test it (idea): Train a model on millions of experiments where genes and drugs were altered, so it can predict the effect of a new combination without running the experiment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-virtual-cell-perturbation.md - A watch-and-wait registry for blood precursor conditions found by chance (idea): Blood tests increasingly find precursor conditions like MGUS and smouldering myeloma, but most never progress. A registry with clear rules would stop early treatment outside trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-blood-precursor-watch-registry.md - A whole-population cancer interception programme: risk-stratify every adult, detect and intercept early (idea): Instead of separate screening programmes for a few cancers, assess every adult's overall cancer risk and offer blood tests, imaging and preventive treatment tuned to that risk, all inside one system that learns. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-population-interception.md - Accredited trusted research environments with curated cancer tables (idea): Secure online workrooms where approved researchers can analyse cancer records without downloading them, with the data already cleaned and organised for cancer questions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-accredited-tre-network.md - Active surveillance as the default for tiny papillary thyroid cancers (idea): Papillary thyroid cancers under 1 cm almost never cause harm. Japanese hospitals have watched thousands safely. Make watching, not surgery, the default everywhere, with a registry. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-ptmc-active-surveillance-default.md - Actually fine sponsors who do not post trial results (idea): US law already requires trial results to be posted within a year and allows fines of over ten thousand dollars a day. Almost no fines have ever been issued. Start issuing them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-fdaaa-enforcement.md - Acute oncology assessment units so sick cancer patients bypass the emergency department (idea): A cancer patient with a fever or severe sickness during treatment should be seen quickly by a team that knows chemotherapy, not wait hours in a general emergency room. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-acute-oncology-assessment-units.md - ADC for residual disease after KEYNOTE-522 (idea): Patients whose TNBC survives chemo-immunotherapy before surgery have a high relapse risk. Give them an ADC after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-post-neoadjuvant-adc.md - Add a cheap-drug factorial arm to every cooperative-group adjuvant cancer trial (idea): Large adjuvant trials already follow thousands of patients for years. Adding a second randomisation to a cheap old drug would answer repurposing questions almost for free. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-factorial-addon-arms-cooperative-trials.md - Add a drug when the blood test turns, without stopping the one that works (idea): When a resistance mutation first appears in the blood, the current drug is often still controlling most of the tumour. Adding a second drug rather than swapping may keep both under control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-molecular-progression-add-on.md - Add the second drug on day one when the escape route is predictable (idea): If most tumours escape a drug by the same back-up route, blocking that route from the start may prevent resistance rather than chase it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-upfront-bypass-combination.md - Adopt tumour-agnostic cancer drug labels across regions by reliance, not re-review (idea): Some drugs work on a genetic change whatever the cancer. When one regulator approves such a label, others should adopt it rather than demanding trials per cancer type. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-tumour-agnostic-reliance.md - Advance market commitments for paediatric and rare cancer drugs (idea): Payers would promise in advance to buy a set number of doses at a set price for any drug that meets a defined bar in a rare or childhood cancer, so companies know the market exists before they invest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-amc-paediatric-rare.md - Advanced-practice radiation therapists doing contouring and on-treatment reviews (idea): Radiation therapists, the staff who deliver daily treatment, can be trained to outline normal organs on scans and to review patients during treatment, work that oncologists now do. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-advanced-practice-radiation-therapists.md - After approval, a pragmatic trial in the patients the pivotal trial excluded (idea): Drugs are approved on trials of fit, younger patients and then given to everyone. A required follow-on trial in older, sicker and more diverse patients would show whether the benefit holds in real life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-post-approval-pragmatic-trial-in-excluded.md - After the COMET trial: surveillance pathways and a new name for low-risk DCIS (idea): Low-risk DCIS is a breast change that may never become cancer. Trials now show watching it is safe in the short term. The next step is a proper pathway and a name that does not say cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-low-risk-dcis-surveillance-pathway.md - Aggregated single-patient crossover trials for symptom and supportive treatments (idea): For symptoms such as nausea, fatigue or neuropathy, each patient can alternate the drug and a placebo over several periods and learn what works for them. Pooling these single-patient crossover trials with Bayesian models also gives a population answer, in areas where conventional trials are rare. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-aggregated-n-of-1-supportive-care.md - Agree in advance how to borrow evidence between similar rare cancers (idea): Statistical methods can combine information across similar rare cancers to reach an answer with fewer patients. Regulators need to say in advance when that is acceptable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-bayesian-borrowing-acceptance.md - AI clears the normal lung screening scans so radiologists read only the suspicious ones (idea): Most screening CT scans are normal. Letting a validated AI clear them, and sending only flagged scans to a radiologist, would let screening scale without more radiologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-ldct-ai-negative-triage.md - AI malignancy scores to end repeat scans and biopsies for benign lung nodules (idea): Most lung nodules on CT are harmless but trigger years of follow-up scans. A validated AI score could discharge low-risk nodules immediately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-lung-nodule-ai-discharge.md - AI quantification of HER2-low and HER2-ultralow (idea): Pathologists disagree about faint HER2 staining, yet that decision unlocks Enhertu. Let a validated algorithm do the counting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ai-her2-low-scoring.md - AI second reads to stop borderline lesions being upgraded to cancer (idea): Whether a lesion is called precancer or cancer varies between pathologists, and over time the bar has drifted lower. AI reference reads could hold the line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-pathology-ai-borderline-anchor.md - AI that spots pancreatic cancer on scans taken a year before diagnosis (idea): Pancreatic cancer is often visible in hindsight on earlier scans. Software trained on those pre-diagnostic scans could flag subtle changes while surgery is still possible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-pancreas-ai-prediagnostic-ct.md - AI-assisted central imaging reads to cut endpoint cost and variability (idea): Measuring tumours on scans for trials is slow, expensive and inconsistent between readers. Software that measures lesions and flags changes, checked by a radiologist, could make trial endpoints cheaper and more reliable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-ai-central-imaging-reads.md - AI-designed proteins that grip the floppy parts of cancer drivers (idea): MYC, fusion oncoproteins and transcription factors have shapeless, flexible regions that drugs cannot grip. Deep-learning protein design tools such as RFdiffusion may be able to invent binders that clamp them, for use as degradation handles, intrabodies or targeting domains for CAR and bispecific therapies rather than as drugs themselves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-ai-binders-disordered-regions.md - AI-first reading for high-volume common cancer diagnoses, pathologist for the exceptions (idea): Let validated AI make the first read on routine, high-volume samples like cervical smears and standard breast biopsy stains, so scarce pathologists spend their time on the difficult cases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-ai-first-pathology-common-cases.md - Alert guidelines and trials when a paper they rely on is retracted (idea): When a study is retracted, everything built on it should get a warning. Today, retracted cancer papers keep being cited and used for years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-retraction-propagation.md - Algorithm-triggered goals-of-care conversations before crisis (idea): When a prediction model says a patient has a high chance of dying within a year, their team is prompted to have a structured conversation about what matters to them, while there is still time to act on it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-goals-conversation-trigger.md - Alpha radioligands after ADC failure (idea): When ADCs against a surface protein stop working because the payload no longer kills, use the same protein to deliver radiation instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-alpha-after-adc.md - Alpha-emitting PSMA therapy at first metastatic diagnosis (idea): If Pluvicto helps at first diagnosis, an alpha version might do more against microscopic disease, when tumour burden is smallest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-alpha-first-mhspc.md - Ambient AI note-taking to give oncologists back a day a week (idea): Oncologists spend hours a day typing notes. Software that listens to the consultation and drafts the note, the letter and the orders could return that time to seeing patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-ambient-ai-documentation-oncology.md - An 18-month oncology track for clinical officers and physician associates (idea): Training a specialist doctor takes ten years or more. Mid-level clinicians can be trained in eighteen months to run protocol-based cancer care under supervision, and there are far more of them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-clinical-officer-oncology-track.md - An abbreviated approval path for follow-on antibodies within a validated class (idea): Once a class of antibody such as PD-1 blockers is proven, later copies could be approved on smaller trials showing equivalence, forcing price competition and freeing patients and money for genuinely new drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-abbreviated-pathway-me-too-biologics.md - An advance market commitment for PD-1 biosimilars for lower-income countries (idea): Immunotherapy patents start expiring around 2028. Guaranteeing in advance to buy cheap copies for poorer countries would make sure manufacturers build the capacity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-pd1-biosimilar-advance-commitment.md - An annual blinded shoot-out for liquid biopsy tests (idea): Once a year, send the same blinded blood samples to every company selling a tumour-DNA test and publish how each performed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-liquid-biopsy-challenge.md - An annual map of high-burden questions that nobody is funding (idea): Mine grant databases and the literature to find cancer types and questions with heavy burden and zero active projects, then publish the list so funders and scientists can go there. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-white-space-map.md - An antitrust safe harbour for cross-company combination trials and data pooling (idea): Companies say competition law stops them coordinating on combination trials and sharing failure data. A clear legal safe harbour for defined pro-patient collaborations would remove that excuse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-antitrust-safe-harbour.md - An ARPA-style programme to develop supportive-care drugs nobody else will (idea): A supportive-care ARPA would be a well-funded, milestone-driven agency that develops drugs for nausea, nerve damage, mouth sores, fatigue and brain fog from cancer treatment, which the market has largely ignored. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-supportive-care-arpa.md - An asynchronous expert second opinion for every new advanced-cancer diagnosis (idea): Every patient newly diagnosed with advanced cancer would have their records reviewed by an expert centre within a week, without travelling. The review often changes the plan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-universal-asynchronous-second-opinion.md - An automated pipeline emulating trials of every common drug against every cancer (idea): Millions of people take common drugs and some get cancer. Running standardised analyses across whole-country records could rank which old drugs deserve a real trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-target-trial-emulation-pipeline.md - An automatic electronic frailty index inside the oncology record (idea): Frailty is the strongest predictor of who will be harmed by treatment, but it is rarely measured. Software can estimate it automatically from existing records and flag patients who need a closer look. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-electronic-frailty-index-oncology.md - An Epstein-Barr virus vaccine to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer and lymphomas (idea): EBV infects almost everyone and causes nasopharyngeal cancer, some lymphomas and some stomach cancers. A vaccine given before infection could remove those cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-ebv-vaccine.md - An independent evaluation unit for surgical robots and AI, paid on evidence (idea): Hospitals buy multi-million-dollar surgical robots and AI tools with little proof they help patients. An independent body would run the comparative trials, and payers would only pay premiums for what is shown to work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-surgical-ai-robotics-evaluation.md - An independent hype index grading cancer press releases and news stories (idea): Rate every cancer breakthrough story and press release for spin, using set criteria, and publish the scores so journalists, institutions and readers can see who overstates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-hype-index.md - An independent programme that validates surrogate endpoints, setting by setting (idea): Trials often measure a stand-in for survival, such as time until the cancer grows on scans. An independent body would test, for each cancer and treatment type, whether the stand-in actually predicts survival, and publish the answer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-surrogate-validation-programme.md - An independent replication institute that re-tests key preclinical cancer findings before trials (idea): Many cancer lab results cannot be reproduced, and trials built on them fail. Fund an independent institute that re-runs important experiments before anyone spends millions on humans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-independent-replication-institute.md - An international body to rename indolent lesions so 'cancer' means something (idea): Some things called cancer, such as low-grade prostate lesions, almost never spread. An expert body could reclassify them, as cervical precancer was, so fewer people are overtreated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-indolent-lesion-nomenclature-body.md - An international consortium pooling the outcome of every treated child with cancer (idea): Childhood cancers are rare, so no one country sees enough cases. Pool the treatment and outcome of every child treated anywhere into one governed dataset. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-paediatric-rwe-consortium.md - An international registry of real (net) cancer drug prices paid by public payers (idea): Countries negotiate secret discounts, so nobody knows what anyone actually pays for a cancer drug. Sharing real prices between public buyers would strengthen every negotiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-net-price-transparency-registry.md - An oncology patent pool for combination trials across companies (idea): Companies would put their cancer drugs into a shared licensing pool so that any qualified investigator can test combinations of drugs from different owners under one standard agreement, with royalties split by a fixed formula. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-combination-patent-pool.md - An open atlas of collateral sensitivity for every approved targeted drug (idea): When a tumour evolves resistance to one drug, it sometimes becomes weaker against another. Map these trade-offs systematically so doctors can pick the next drug to exploit them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-collateral-sensitivity-atlas.md - An open commons of patient-reported outcome data from cancer trials (idea): Pool the side-effect and quality-of-life data patients report in trials into one open database so regimens can be compared honestly and models can be built. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-open-pro-data-commons.md - An open degrader consortium against every undruggable driver transcription factor (idea): Cancer's most important drivers, such as MYC and mutant p53, cannot be blocked with normal drugs. Pool effort and share results openly to build molecules that destroy them instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-open-degrader-consortium.md - An open engine that ranks every drug pair by predicted synergy before anyone runs a trial (idea): Use existing cell-line and organoid data to score thousands of drug pairs, publish the ranking openly, and only test the top of the list in people. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-synergy-ranking-engine.md - An open engineering platform for academic ADCs and bispecifics (idea): Academic labs find new tumour targets but cannot turn an antibody into an antibody-drug conjugate or a bispecific without licensed linker and payload technology. A shared platform would provide that at no cost for first trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-academic-adc-bispecific-platform.md - An open forecasting tournament on which combination trials will succeed (idea): Ask experts and models to predict, in public, which registered combination trials will meet their endpoint. Track who is right, and use the best forecasters to decide what to fund. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-combination-forecast-tournament.md - An open foundation model of the cancer cell trained on perturbation data (idea): Build a shared, openly available AI model that has learned how cancer cells respond to genetic and drug perturbations, so any lab can predict what a new drug or combination might do. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-open-cell-foundation-model.md - An open global model of cancer workforce supply and demand by country (idea): No one knows exactly how many oncologists, nurses, physicists and pathologists each country has or needs. A public, regularly updated model would let governments plan training and spot shortfalls years ahead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-open-oncology-workforce-model.md - An open interoperability standard for closed automated cell-processing machines (idea): Each cell-therapy machine uses its own proprietary process and cartridges. A common standard would let a process run on any machine, like a document opening in any word processor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-closed-manufacturing-interop-standard.md - An open knowledge graph linking trials, results, biomarkers, drugs and recommendations (idea): Build a public, machine-readable map connecting every cancer trial to its results, the drugs and biomarkers involved, and the guideline recommendations it supports, with a source for every link. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-open-evidence-knowledge-graph.md - An open library pairing completed cancer trials with real-world emulations (idea): Build a public library in which every phase 3 cancer trial is paired with a real-world emulation in federated hospital data, publishing how far the two agree in direction, magnitude and confidence interval overlap. Oncology needs its own calibration set because RCT-DUPLICATE covered mostly cardiometabolic disease, and it would map which question types can be trusted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-rwe-rct-calibration-library.md - An open map of which cancer proteins any drug can stick to (idea): Most cancer proteins have never been tested to see whether a small molecule can attach to them at all. A public map of what is chemically reachable would tell the field where to aim. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-covalent-ligandability-atlas.md - An open model bank for the rare tumours nobody has models for (idea): You cannot study a cancer without a laboratory model of it, and most rare cancers have none. A funded bank that makes and shares models would unlock research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-rare-tumour-model-bank.md - An open model of every cancer cell state, built from perturbation atlases (idea): Map every state a cancer cell can be in, and how drugs and the surrounding tissue move it between states, into an open computational model anyone can query and improve. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-open-cancer-cell-state-model.md - An open organoid bank for cancers too rare to have models (idea): Rare and paediatric cancers often have no cell line or xenograft anywhere in the world, so no one can test drugs on them. A funded network collecting tissue at referral centres, deriving organoids under one protocol and distributing them at cost with no reach-through rights would change that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-rare-cancer-organoid-bank.md - An open supplement-drug interaction checker built into oncology prescribing (idea): Most patients take supplements and rarely tell their oncologist. Ask routinely and check automatically for interactions with chemotherapy and targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-supplement-interaction-database.md - An open-hardware radiotherapy machine built for unreliable power and dust (idea): Design a radiotherapy machine from scratch for hospitals with patchy electricity, heat and few engineers, and publish the design so several companies can build it cheaply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-open-hardware-linac.md - An open-science consortium on the undruggable drivers, open until a candidate (idea): Companies and public funders would pool money and scientists to crack the hardest cancer proteins, such as MYC and mutant p53, sharing everything openly until there is a real drug candidate, then competing on the final product. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-precompetitive-undruggable-consortium.md - An organotropism atlas that predicts where a cancer will spread (idea): Different cancers favour different organs, and so do different patients. A model that predicts which organ is at risk could target surveillance and prevention. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-organotropism-atlas.md - Analyse and dose by sex: women get more toxicity from many cancer drugs at the same dose (idea): Women get more severe side effects than men at identical doses of fluorouracil, several kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in pooled analyses. Trials should pre-specify sex-stratified drug level and toxicity analyses and, where they differ, run sex-specific dose-finding and label accordingly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-sex-stratified-pk-and-dosing.md - Ancestry-aware pharmacology: drug-level sub-studies across populations before approval (idea): Drugs are processed differently by people with different genetic backgrounds, but doses are set mostly in white and East Asian populations. Every new drug should be studied for how it behaves across ancestries, with dosing advice by genotype rather than by race. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-ancestry-aware-pharmacology-programme.md - Anchor a TGF-beta trap in the tumour stroma so it cannot act everywhere (idea): TGF-beta is a signal that keeps immune cells out of tumours, but blocking it throughout the body caused bleeding and heart toxicity and sank bintrafusp alfa. Tethering the blocker to tumour stroma with a FAP anchor, a collagen-binding domain or a protease-activated mask could give the benefit without the harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-tumour-anchored-tgfbeta-trap.md - Answer prior authorisation requests in seconds from the medical record (idea): Most cancer drug approvals depend on a handful of facts already in the chart, such as the diagnosis, biomarker and line of therapy; sending those automatically in a standard format would return most decisions before the patient leaves the room. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-real-time-pa-fhir.md - Antibiotic-resistance testing from a stool sample before treating H. pylori (idea): H. pylori eradication often fails because of antibiotic resistance. A stool DNA test showing which antibiotics will work would raise cure rates and protect antibiotics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpylori-stool-resistance-guided.md - Antibodies that see mutant KRAS and p53 fragments displayed on the cell surface (idea): Cells chop up their internal proteins and display the pieces on their surface. That means even undruggable proteins inside the cell can be attacked from outside by the immune system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-pmhc-bispecifics-public-drivers.md - Antibody-drug conjugates for mesothelioma: why they have failed so far and how they could work (idea): Nearly every mesothelioma carries the surface protein mesothelin, yet the one antibody-drug conjugate tried in a randomised trial did no better than chemotherapy. The idea is to fix the three reasons it failed rather than abandon the approach. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-adc-for-mesothelioma.md - Apply Project Optimus to drugs already on the market (idea): The FDA now requires new cancer drugs to prove their dose is the right one rather than the highest tolerated; asking the same question of the twenty best-selling approved drugs could cut doses, side effects and cost at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-optimus-legacy-drugs.md - Approve cancer biosimilars on analytics and pharmacokinetics, no efficacy trials (idea): Copies of biological cancer drugs are still required to run large trials that rarely change the answer. Dropping them would cut years and tens of millions from each biosimilar. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-biosimilar-no-efficacy-trial.md - Ask about diet at diagnosis, and prebunk the myths before the internet does (idea): Almost every newly diagnosed patient searches for what to eat and finds sugar-starvation, alkaline and juice-cure claims. If the oncology team asks about diet first and hands over good information, the myths have less room. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-ask-about-diet-prebunking.md - At least a third of pivotal-trial sites in community and rural settings (idea): Most cancer patients are treated outside big academic hospitals, but most trials are run inside them. Requiring a share of sites to be community practices would bring trials to where patients are. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-community-site-quota.md - Attack extrachromosomal DNA, the engine of oncogene amplification (idea): Aggressive glioblastomas, sarcomas and gastric cancers keep amplified cancer genes such as EGFR, MYC, MDM2 and CDK4 on free-floating DNA circles (ecDNA) whose copy number rises and falls quickly, letting the tumour dial resistance up and down. Cells carrying ecDNA depend on CHK1, giving a first drug target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ecdna-targeting.md - Attack the backup copy when a tumour has lost the original gene (idea): Tumours often lose one of a pair of near-identical genes. They then depend entirely on the remaining copy, which a drug can block, killing only the cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-paralog-synthetic-lethality.md - Audit animal studies for randomisation and blinding, published by institution (idea): Most mouse studies of cancer drugs do not randomise animals or blind the people measuring tumours, which inflates results. Checking and publishing which institutions do it properly would change behaviour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-arrive-audit.md - Audit whether tumour board recommendations were actually carried out (idea): Hospitals hold weekly meetings to decide each patient's plan but rarely check what happened afterwards. A simple loop that records the recommendation and checks it against what was done would catch dropped plans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-tumour-board-implementation-audit.md - Automated combination discovery: patient-sample screens feeding Bayesian platform trials (idea): There are far more possible drug combinations than can ever be tried in patients. Test thousands on living samples of real tumours, then feed only the winners into adaptive trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-automated-combination-discovery.md - Automatic flagging of retracted or corrected evidence in guidelines and decision support (idea): When a study is retracted or corrected, every guideline and software tool that relied on it would be alerted automatically, so wrong evidence stops influencing care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-retraction-propagation.md - Automatic germline testing for every cancer type where it changes care (idea): Anyone with ovarian, pancreatic, metastatic prostate or mismatch-repair-deficient colorectal cancer should be tested for inherited mutations, yet testing rates fall well short. Making it an automatic, opt-out laboratory step triggered by pathology, as reflex mismatch-repair testing already is, would close the gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-reflex-germline-testing.md - Automatic offer of shelved cancer assets to non-profits after two years (idea): When a company stops developing a cancer drug for business rather than safety reasons and leaves it idle for two years, it would be obliged to offer the rights, data package and remaining drug supply to qualified non-profit or academic developers on pre-set terms, keeping the right to resume. This turns the stalled-asset registry's listing into a duty. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-shelved-asset-escrow.md - Automatic palliative care referral triggered by diagnosis, not by decline (idea): Palliative care given from the start of treatment for advanced cancer improves quality of life and may extend it. Instead of waiting for an oncologist to remember, the system should refer automatically when the diagnosis is recorded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-automatic-early-palliative-triggers.md - Automatic price cuts when a cancer drug's approved indications and volumes expand (idea): When a cancer drug is approved for more uses, the company sells far more of it but the price stays the same. Japan cuts prices automatically when sales balloon; others should too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-market-expansion-repricing.md - Automatic reciprocity of orphan and rare-paediatric designations between regulators (idea): A rare cancer drug designated 'orphan' in the US must reapply in Europe, Japan and elsewhere. Recognising each other's decisions would save small companies months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-orphan-designation-reciprocity.md - Automatic weekly linkage of cancer registries to deaths, prescriptions and imaging (idea): Connect the cancer registry to death records, pharmacy records and scan reports automatically every week, so we always know what happened to every patient without anyone filling in a form. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-automatic-outcome-linkage.md - Automatically detect when a trial changes its outcomes after the fact (idea): Trials sometimes quietly swap the outcome they promised to measure for one that looks better. Software can compare the registered plan with the published paper and flag the switch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-outcome-switching-monitor.md - Autonomous closed-loop adaptive therapy driven by blood tests and evolutionary models (idea): Rather than giving the same dose until the cancer grows, measure tumour DNA in blood every few weeks and let a validated algorithm raise, lower, pause or switch drugs to keep the cancer suppressed for longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-closed-loop-adaptive-therapy.md - Ban and enforce against paid advertising of unproven cancer treatments (idea): Make it illegal and technically impossible to buy adverts for cancer cures that have not been proven, and hold platforms responsible for enforcement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-ban-unproven-therapy-ads.md - Ban commercial sunbeds (idea): Sunbeds cause melanoma, especially when used young. Australia and Brazil have banned them. Other countries should follow and measure the effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-commercial-sunbed-ban.md - Ban life and disability insurers from using genetic results (idea): Fear of losing insurance is a top barrier to genetic testing in surveys. Extending non-discrimination law to life and disability cover, as Canada's 2017 Genetic Non-Discrimination Act does and the US law does not, would remove that fear and raise cascade testing in families. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-genetic-non-discrimination-insurance.md - Bank three spatially separate tumour blocks from every resection (idea): Hospitals usually keep one piece of a removed tumour. Keeping three pieces from different parts would show how varied the tumour is, at almost no extra cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-multiregion-blocks-default.md - Bank yearly blood from cancer survivors so future tests can be validated (idea): To prove a leftover-cancer test works you need blood taken years before relapse. Collecting and freezing yearly samples now makes every future test testable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-survivor-plasma-biobank.md - Barcode every reagent lot so batch effects can be traced across experiments and labs (idea): Results can change when a supplier changes a batch of serum, antibody or growth factor. Recording which batch was used in each experiment, in a shared ledger, would let these effects be spotted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-reagent-lot-ledger.md - Barcode patient-derived tumours to watch which clones win under each drug (idea): Tag every cell in a patient's lab-grown tumour with a unique DNA label, give it a drug, and read the labels to see which cells survive. This predicts which resistant clone will emerge. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-barcoded-avatars-clonal-fitness.md - Bayesian shrinkage for subgroup claims to stop false 'works in this group' stories (idea): Trials look at dozens of patient subgroups and some will look good by chance. A statistical method that pulls extreme subgroup results toward the overall result would make these claims more honest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-shrinkage-subgroup-analysis.md - Biomarker-directed first-line quadruplets in gastric cancer (idea): Stomach cancer now has three add-on biomarkers (HER2, PD-L1, Claudin 18.2) that often overlap. Test whether combining two add-ons beats picking one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-biomarker-quadruplet-gastric.md - Biomarker-guided cardioprotection for everyone on cardiotoxic cancer therapy (idea): Anthracyclines, HER2 drugs and some newer agents can damage the heart. Monitor with blood tests and scans and start cheap heart-protective drugs early in those at risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-cardioprotection-by-default.md - Biomarker-selected adjuvant therapy in RCC (ctDNA, CAIX PET, gene signatures) (idea): Adjuvant immunotherapy after kidney cancer surgery is given to everyone at high pathological risk although most would never relapse, so a year of toxicity is spread across the whole group to help a minority. A biomarker such as CAIX PET or kidney-specific tumour DNA could pick out the few who need it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-adjuvant-selection-rcc.md - Biopsy the one lesion that is growing while the others shrink (idea): When a scan shows most tumours shrinking but one growing, that odd lesion holds the escape mechanism. Sampling it, and treating it locally, should be routine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-outlier-lesion-biopsy.md - Biosimilar-first defaults and payment parity in every cancer day unit (idea): Cheaper copies of biological cancer drugs exist but are used far less in some countries than others. Making them the default choice saves billions with no loss of benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-biosimilar-first-default-switching.md - Bispecific antibodies that engage macrophages instead of T cells (idea): Drugs that grab T cells and drag them onto tumours work well in blood cancers. The same trick aimed at tumour-eating cells might work where T cells are absent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-myeloid-engager-bispecific.md - Bladder preservation for MIBC after perioperative EV + pembrolizumab complete response (idea): If the ADC-immunotherapy combination erases the tumour in more than half of patients before surgery, some may not need their bladder removed at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bladder-preservation-mibc.md - Blended finance and a low-cost linac to close the global radiotherapy gap (idea): Dozens of countries have no radiotherapy machine at all. Combine long-term finance with a machine designed to be cheap, robust and maintainable where power and engineers are scarce. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-lmic-radiotherapy-finance.md - Block the chemical switch that lets cells hide from treatment (idea): Cells that survive treatment do so by changing which genes they use, not their DNA. Drugs that block that change may stop survivors from forming at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-epigenetic-persister-blockade.md - Block the complement signal that recruits tumour-protecting cells (idea): An old part of the immune system called complement can be hijacked by tumours to summon protective cells. Drugs that block it already exist for other diseases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-complement-c5ar-blockade.md - Block the recycling that keeps dormant cells alive (idea): Sleeping cancer cells survive by recycling their own contents. An old malaria drug blocks that recycling and is being tested in people with no visible cancer but detectable residual cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-autophagy-block-mrd.md - Block the survival signals the tumour's neighbours provide (idea): Cancer cells can survive a drug because surrounding normal cells feed them growth signals. Blocking those signals could make existing drugs work better and longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-stromal-resistance-blockade.md - Blood EBV DNA screening for nasopharyngeal cancer across southern China and Southeast Asia (idea): Nasopharyngeal cancer is common in southern China and is caused by a virus. A blood test for viral DNA finds it early, and a large study showed better survival. Scale it up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-ebv-dna-npc-screening-scaleup.md - Blood-based HCC surveillance to replace six-monthly ultrasound (idea): A blood test (methylation, GALAD) that finds liver cancer early in people with cirrhosis, especially those with fatty liver where ultrasound fails. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-hcc-blood-surveillance.md - Blood-based pancreatic cancer detection in new-onset diabetes (idea): Adults who suddenly develop diabetes after 50 have several times the usual risk of pancreatic cancer. Test their blood. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mced-new-onset-diabetes.md - Blunt the inflammation that wakes sleeping cancer cells (idea): Inflammation from infection, injury or surgery can wake dormant cancer cells. Interleukin-1 beta drives that awakening in mouse models of breast cancer, and a cardiovascular trial of the interleukin-1 beta blocker canakinumab saw fewer lung cancers, so blocking it early might keep dormant cells asleep. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-il1-awakening-blockade.md - Borrow from past control arms to shrink the control group in phase 3 (idea): When the standard treatment has been given to thousands of similar patients in earlier trials, a new trial could randomise fewer people to it and lean on that history, as long as the old data still matches. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-bayesian-borrowing-smaller-controls.md - Bounties for documented failed replications of high-impact findings (idea): Pay a fixed reward to any lab that pre-registers and carefully repeats a heavily cited preclinical cancer finding, whatever the outcome, with a bonus for the first documented non-replication that passes methodological review. Today that work is unpaid and unpublished. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-replication-bounties.md - BRAF/MEK plus PD-1 blockade as standard for BRAF-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer (idea): Add immunotherapy to the two targeted pills in the most aggressive thyroid cancer, because the combination has produced multi-year survivors in early series. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-atc-triplet-io.md - Brain metastases included by default in every solid-tumour trial (idea): Up to a fifth of people with advanced solid tumours have cancer in the brain and are usually barred from trials. Letting in those whose brain disease is treated, stable or symptom-free would widen trials and tell us whether drugs work in the brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-brain-mets-default-included.md - Break the neutrophil DNA nets that catch tumour cells after surgery (idea): Surgery makes some immune cells throw out sticky DNA webs that trap travelling cancer cells and help them settle. Dissolving those webs during the operation might prevent some relapses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-net-blockade-perioperative.md - Break up the liquid droplets where oncogenic transcription happens (idea): Some cancer-driving proteins gather into droplet-like blobs inside the nucleus to switch genes on. Drugs that dissolve those blobs might switch the cancer programme off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-condensate-disruptors.md - Bring the oncologist to the local clinic by video and the drug to the local pharmacy (idea): Travel and time off work are among the biggest costs families face; if consultations happen by video, blood tests locally and oral drugs by mail, most routine visits need no journey at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-travel-teleoncology.md - Broad research consent as a routine step of the cancer pathway (idea): Every newly diagnosed patient would be asked, as part of standard care, whether their data and leftover tissue can be used for research, so researchers never have to go back and ask. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-consent-in-the-pathway.md - BTK degraders to pre-empt resistance in frontline CLL (idea): If destroying BTK works when every inhibitor has failed, using it first might stop resistance from ever emerging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-btk-degrader-frontline.md - Build a human model of the barrier that guards the brain fluid (idea): Drugs that reach brain tissue may still fail to reach the fluid where cancer spreads along the linings. A lab model of that second barrier would let us screen for drugs that cross it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-blood-csf-barrier-model.md - Build laboratory models of the organs cancer spreads to (idea): Cancer usually kills by spreading to bone, liver, lung or brain. Almost all laboratory models grow tumours under the skin instead, where the surroundings are nothing like those organs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-metastatic-niche-models.md - Build polygenic scores that work in every ancestry before deploying any (idea): Genetic risk scores were built mostly on Europeans and work worse in others. Funding non-European cohorts and setting a portability standard would prevent screening that widens inequality. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-prs-ancestry-portability-standard.md - Build Western ytterbium-176 enrichment so lutetium-177 has more than one supplier (idea): The lutetium used in approved prostate and neuroendocrine cancer treatments is made from an enriched metal that comes mostly from Russia. Making it elsewhere would secure supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-yb176-enrichment-capacity.md - Bundled episode payments for cancer care with bonuses for guideline concordance (idea): Pay hospitals a single amount for a whole course of cancer treatment, with extra for following the evidence, rather than paying per visit and per drug, which rewards fragmentation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-episode-payment-tied-to-concordance.md - Burden-matched funding for trials led in low- and middle-income countries (idea): Seven in ten cancer deaths are in poorer countries, yet almost all trials happen in rich ones. Funders would commit a share of money for trials designed and led where the burden is. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-lmic-burden-match.md - Burden-weighted portfolio targets for every major cancer funder (idea): Funders would publish how their spending compares with deaths and years of life lost per cancer, and commit to shift a fixed share of money each year towards the biggest gaps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-burden-weighted-portfolio.md - Buy out the patent on a curative cancer drug and sell it at generic prices (idea): Governments and philanthropies would pay a company a one-off lump sum, set by auction to reflect the drug's social value, for the patent on a cancer drug with a large benefit in a common cancer, then let generic makers supply it worldwide at competitive prices. A pilot fund would buy out one or two oncology patents. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-patent-buyout-prize.md - CAIX theranostics: 89Zr-girentuximab PET and 177Lu/225Ac-girentuximab therapy (idea): Almost every clear-cell kidney cancer carries the CAIX protein. Image it with one radioactive antibody, then treat with the same antibody carrying a therapeutic isotope. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-caix-theranostics.md - Calibrated reference slides so every lab scores HER2-low the same way (idea): Whether a breast cancer counts as HER2-low, and so qualifies for trastuzumab deruxtecan, turns on the least reproducible step of the HER2 stain, score 1+ versus 0. Cell-line microarrays with a known quantity of HER2 protein per cell, run alongside clinical slides, would anchor every laboratory to a physical standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-her2-low-reference-materials.md - Can MYC be drugged directly, and will patients tolerate it? (idea): MYC drives half of all cancers but has no pocket for a drug and is needed by normal cells too. The first direct MYC blockers are in trials; the question is whether there is a therapeutic window. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-drugging-myc.md - Can T-DXd alone cure early HER2-positive disease? (idea): If Enhertu produces complete responses in two-thirds of patients before surgery, a trial should test whether some need no chemotherapy, antibodies, or even radiation afterwards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tdxd-first-then-nothing.md - Cancer interception vaccines for high-risk carriers (idea): Vaccinate people with BRCA or Lynch mutations against the antigens their future cancers will express, before any cancer exists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-interception-vaccines.md - Cancer risk scores running automatically in GP records to prompt urgent referral (idea): Computers can combine minor symptoms, blood tests and age into a cancer risk score in the background. Showing that score to the GP could get more people referred earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-ehr-symptom-signature-prompts.md - Cancer warnings on alcohol labels, evaluated as a natural experiment (idea): Most people do not know alcohol causes seven cancers. Ireland is putting cancer warnings on bottles; other countries should follow and measure the effect on drinking. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-alcohol-cancer-warning-labels.md - Cap public prices for new cancer drugs to tiers of the ESMO and ASCO value scales (idea): Oncology societies already grade how much benefit each new drug gives. Payers should tie the maximum price they pay to that grade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-price-anchored-to-mcbs.md - Cap what Original Medicare patients pay for Part B cancer drugs (idea): Oral cancer drugs under Part D now have a yearly cap of $2,100, but infused drugs under Part B still carry 20% coinsurance with no limit; a Part B cap would close the biggest hole left in Medicare cancer coverage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-part-b-cap.md - Capture diet, fibre and antibiotic exposure in every immunotherapy pivotal trial (idea): Gut bacteria appear to influence whether immunotherapy works, and diet and antibiotics shape gut bacteria. Yet almost no drug trial records what patients ate or which antibiotics they took. Recording it would cost almost nothing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-diet-covariates-io-trials.md - Cardiometabolic screening and treatment for survivors on long-term hormone therapy (idea): Hormone-blocking treatments for prostate and breast cancer, taken for years, raise the risk of diabetes, heart disease and bone fractures. Survivors on these drugs should get the same preventive care as diabetics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-cardiometabolic-clinic-hormone-therapy.md - Caregiver training and respite as a covered service in cancer care for older patients (idea): Older cancer patients depend on family carers who receive no training or support. Paying for carer training and short breaks would keep patients at home and out of hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-caregiver-training-as-covered-service.md - Cash for transport and food to stop families abandoning curative treatment (idea): Treatment abandonment is the leading cause of treatment failure for childhood cancer in much of the low- and middle-income world, driven by bus fares, lost income and the cost of food and lodging. Conditional cash, transport vouchers and family accommodation have cut abandonment sharply in Central America, East Africa and India, and should be funded in every curative protocol. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-abandonment-stipends.md - Catch wasting early with a smart scale and a step counter (idea): Slow weight loss and falling daily activity are the first signs of cancer wasting, and both can be measured at home. An alert could bring help months earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-remote-weight-step-monitoring.md - Catch-up HPV vaccination for men to prevent throat cancer (idea): HPV throat cancer now exceeds cervical cancer in some countries and mostly affects men, who were not vaccinated. Vaccinating men up to 45 could reduce it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpv-male-catchup-oropharynx.md - CD30 CAR-T for multiply relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (idea): Engineer T cells against CD30 for the few patients who fail brentuximab, PD-1 blockade and transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cd30-car-t-hodgkin.md - CD8 PET to stop or switch immunotherapy early (idea): Scan for T cells inside the tumour a few weeks after starting immunotherapy. If they have not arrived, change course. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cd8-pet-io.md - CDK4-selective inhibitors as the new first-line backbone (idea): If a CDK4-only drug matches CDK4/6 inhibitors on efficacy with less neutropenia, continuous dosing and better adherence could translate into longer control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cdk4-selective-first-line.md - Certified decision aids required for every preference-sensitive cancer decision (idea): For choices where the right answer depends on what the patient values (watching a slow prostate cancer, adjuvant chemo at 80, breast reconstruction), a tested decision aid becomes part of the consultation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-certified-decision-aids.md - Certified reference samples to benchmark every tumour-DNA blood test (idea): Dozens of companies sell blood tests for tumour DNA and they report different results on the same sample. Government-issued reference samples with known amounts of tumour DNA would expose the differences. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-ctdna-reference-plasma.md - Certify every oncology software product for a standard bulk data export (idea): Regulators would test and certify that every hospital cancer system can export its records in a standard format, the way electrical appliances are certified safe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-oncology-api-certification.md - Cheap DNA fragment-pattern blood test as a first sieve before expensive cancer tests (idea): How DNA fragments in blood are chopped up differs in cancer and can be read with cheap, shallow sequencing. Used as a first sieve, it could cut the cost of population screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-fragmentomics-first-tier.md - Cheap long-term survival follow-up by linking trial participants to registries (idea): Trials often stop following patients once the main result is in, so we never learn whether the drug extended life. Linking participants to national death and cancer registries costs almost nothing and would answer that question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-registry-linked-os-followup.md - Cheap perioperative beta-blocker plus anti-inflammatory to blunt surgical stress (idea): The stress of an operation may help stray cancer cells survive and settle. A few days of two cheap old drugs around surgery might reduce that risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-perioperative-betablocker-nsaid.md - Check whether a tumour can still show itself to the immune system (idea): Some tumours have broken the machinery that displays their identity to immune cells. Those patients cannot benefit from most immunotherapy and should be routed elsewhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-antigen-presentation-triage.md - Chemotherapy-free Hodgkin lymphoma: brentuximab + PD-1 in early stage (idea): For a cancer already cured in 90% of young people, the goal is curing without the chemotherapy and radiation that cause heart disease and second cancers decades later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-chemo-free-hodgkin.md - Choose regimens by infusion-chair hours, not just efficacy, where chairs are the constraint (idea): When a hospital's real limit is the number of chemotherapy chairs and nurses, guidelines should favour treatments given by mouth or in fewer, shorter visits, if they work about as well. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-infusion-sparing-regimens.md - Circulating tumour cell clearance as the phase 2 gate for anti-metastatic drugs (idea): Cancer cells travelling in the blood can be counted. If a drug clears them, that is an early sign it may stop spread, and it reads out in weeks rather than years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-ctc-clearance-go-nogo.md - Clear the suppressive neutrophils out of pancreatic tumours first (idea): Pancreatic tumours are packed with a type of white blood cell that shuts down the immune attack. Blocking the signal that recruits them may open the tumour to immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-cxcr2-neutrophil-blockade.md - Clear the zombie cells left behind by chemotherapy and radiotherapy (idea): Treatment leaves behind damaged cells that stop dividing but do not die, and they release signals that help surviving cancer cells regrow. Removing them could reduce relapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-senolytics-after-therapy.md - Clearing the JAK2 clone in polycythaemia vera: interferon plus mutant-selective inhibitors as a route to treatment-free remission (idea): Today's PV drugs control blood counts but leave the mutant cells in place. Interferon is the one treatment that shrinks the clone, and the first JAK2 V617F-selective inhibitors have entered trials; combining the two could aim at molecular remission, the way imatinib did for CML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-pv-clone-directed-therapy.md - Collect and freeze T cells at diagnosis for high-risk patients, before chemotherapy (idea): By the time patients need CAR-T their immune cells are often exhausted by earlier treatment. Storing healthy cells early would improve manufacturing success and cut the wait. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-early-apheresis-banking.md - Combination baskets defined by resistance mechanism rather than by cancer type (idea): Group patients by why their last drug stopped working, then test the combination designed to fix that specific failure, whatever the cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-resistance-mechanism-baskets.md - Combine the new anti-wasting antibody with exercise and protein (idea): A new antibody blocks the hormone that makes people with cancer lose appetite and weight. Weight regained as muscle, not fat, needs exercise and protein alongside it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-gdf15-plus-exercise.md - Community health workers and trusted local organisations paid to recruit for trials (idea): People join trials when someone they trust explains them. Paying community health workers, churches and local groups to inform and refer people would reach communities that hospitals do not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-community-health-worker-recruitment.md - Community health workers trained in cancer triage, navigation and home palliative care (idea): Millions of community health workers already visit homes for vaccines and maternal care. Training them to recognise cancer warning signs, guide patients through the system and support home pain care would reach people no hospital does. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-community-health-workers-oncology.md - Community health workers with smartphone AI screen for mouth cancer in South Asia (idea): Mouth cancer is common where tobacco is chewed and is visible to the naked eye. Health workers with a phone camera and AI could find it early in villages. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-oral-cancer-community-smartphone-ai.md - Community pharmacies as one-stop cancer prevention hubs (idea): Pharmacies are everywhere and open late. They could give HPV vaccines, hand out bowel test kits, run stop-smoking clinics and offer HPV self-sampling under one roof. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-pharmacy-prevention-hub.md - Community-tailored HPV vaccine confidence campaigns with school-based delivery (idea): The HPV vaccine prevents most cervical cancer, but false safety claims have cut uptake in several countries. Rebuild confidence locally and deliver the vaccine in schools. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-hpv-vaccine-confidence.md - Compact FLASH and proton systems at the price of a conventional linac (idea): Ultra-fast FLASH radiotherapy and proton beams may spare healthy tissue dramatically, but the machines cost tens of millions. Engineer versions that any hospital can afford. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-compact-flash-proton.md - Comparability by design: a digital twin and sentinel panel for cell process changes (idea): Improving how a cell therapy is made currently risks having to repeat clinical trials. A validated computer model plus a fixed set of product measurements would let changes be approved on data alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-comparability-by-design-digital-twin.md - Competing sponsors share one control arm in the same indication (idea): Three companies testing three drugs against the same standard treatment each recruit their own control group. Pooling those controls in one shared study would need fewer patients and answer faster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-shared-control-arms-across-sponsors.md - Conditional approvals that lapse automatically if the confirmatory trial is late (idea): Drugs given accelerated or conditional approval on surrogate endpoints have often stayed on the market for years after the confirmatory trial stalled or failed. The approval would lapse automatically if the sponsor missed agreed enrolment milestones or the readout date, unless an independent panel granted a documented extension. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-conditional-approval-sunset.md - Confirm low-dose olanzapine for appetite and weight in advanced cancer worldwide (idea): A randomised placebo-controlled trial at Tata Memorial found that 2.5 mg of olanzapine daily, a cheap antipsychotic pill already used for chemotherapy nausea, improved appetite and weight gain in patients starting chemotherapy for advanced stomach, lung and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers. A multinational confirmatory trial is needed before guidelines and labels adopt it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-olanzapine-cachexia-global-confirmation.md - Confirm or refute the harm of antioxidant supplements during chemotherapy (idea): Half of patients take antioxidant vitamins during chemotherapy. One good observational study suggests they raise recurrence by 40%. Patients deserve a definitive answer, and it can be obtained cheaply by adding supplement tracking to trials already running. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-antioxidant-supplement-harm-confirmation.md - Confirm ultra-low-dose immunotherapy so it can be afforded where most patients live (idea): A single-centre trial at Tata Memorial found that adding nivolumab at about a twentieth of the usual dose to chemotherapy improved outcomes in head and neck cancer. Confirmatory trials against standard-dose immunotherapy are needed before low-dose labels could make immunotherapy affordable for millions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-low-dose-immunotherapy-for-lmic.md - Continuous prospective validation for every oncology AI tool after deployment (idea): Cancer AI tools are approved on old test data and then never checked again. Require every deployed tool to report its real-world performance continuously, in public. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-continuous-ai-validation-registry.md - Continuous-flow synthesis of ultra-potent ADC payloads to ease the capacity squeeze (idea): The poisons carried by antibody-drug conjugates are so toxic that only a few factories can make them, and they are booked years ahead. Making them in small continuous reactors would ease the bottleneck. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-hpapi-continuous-flow.md - Controlled feeding trials to separate ultra-processing from calories (idea): We do not know whether ultra-processed food raises cancer risk because it makes people fat, or because of something in the food itself. Feeding volunteers matched diets for a few weeks and measuring cancer-relevant biology can tell the two apart. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-upf-controlled-feeding-trial.md - Copy the Cancer Drugs Fund: pay for uncertain drugs while collecting the data (idea): Since 2016 England's Cancer Drugs Fund has paid a confidential discounted price for cancer drugs whose benefit is plausible but unproven, collected outcome data for two or three years, then had NICE decide for good; most drugs that entered were later recommended. Other systems could use the same managed-access deal instead of a yes-or-no at launch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-managed-access-everywhere.md - Core-funded radiotherapy trials infrastructure with central quality assurance (idea): Radiotherapy trials need physicists to check every plan and central review of every target drawn, which nobody pays for. Fund that infrastructure permanently so trials are faster and results are trustworthy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-radiotherapy-trials-infrastructure.md - Count replications and open data in hiring and promotion (idea): Scientists are promoted for first-time discoveries and journal prestige, not for replicating others' work or sharing data. A structured section in tenure and promotion dossiers for replications conducted, data and code shared, and registered reports, weighted explicitly in decisions, would change what scientists spend their time on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-tenure-replication-credit.md - Covalent chemistry for the RAS mutations that still have no drug (idea): One RAS mutation can now be drugged because it offers a reactive handle. Most RAS mutations do not, so new chemistry is needed to grab other amino acids. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-pan-ras-covalent-g12d.md - Coverage-with-evidence registries for MR-guided and adaptive radiotherapy (idea): Radiotherapy machines that adapt to the tumour each day cost far more than standard ones and their benefit is unproven. Payers would fund them only within registries and trials that measure whether they help. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-adaptive-radiotherapy-evidence.md - Credentialed diaspora oncologists staffing remote tumour boards for home-country hospitals (idea): Thousands of oncologists trained in poorer countries now work abroad. A structured programme could let them join weekly video case conferences for hospitals back home, improving decisions at almost no cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-diaspora-tele-tumour-boards.md - ctDNA-guided adjuvant therapy as the default in stage II-III colon cancer (idea): Use a blood test after surgery to decide who gets chemotherapy: spare the negatives, and find something that actually works for the positives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ctdna-guided-adjuvant-crc.md - ctDNA-guided adjuvant therapy in stage II-III melanoma (idea): Most stage II patients never relapse, yet all are offered a year of immunotherapy. Use a blood test to treat only those with detectable residual disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ctdna-guided-adjuvant-melanoma.md - ctDNA-guided dose holidays for lung cancer targeted therapy (idea): Use tumour DNA in the blood as the signal to pause and restart a lung cancer pill, keeping the tumour in check while slowing the rise of resistant cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-ctdna-adaptive-tki.md - ctDNA-guided duration of PARP maintenance (idea): Stop PARP inhibitors early in women whose blood shows no residual tumour DNA, and extend or switch in those whose ctDNA persists or reverts BRCA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ctdna-guided-parp-duration.md - ctDNA-guided escalation and de-escalation in frontline DLBCL (idea): Use an ultra-sensitive blood test after two cycles to decide who needs more than R-CHOP and who can stop early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ctdna-guided-dlbcl-frontline.md - ctDNA-guided switching among FGFR inhibitors (idea): Track FGFR2 resistance mutations in blood and switch to the next-generation inhibitor that still covers them, before the scan shows progression. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-btc-ctdna-fgfr-resistance.md - ctDNA-triggered escalation in early TNBC (idea): Instead of treating everyone after surgery, test blood every few months and treat only when tumour DNA reappears. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ctdna-escalation-tnbc.md - ctHPV-DNA-adapted de-escalation of chemoradiation (idea): Instead of guessing from HPV status who can get less radiation, measure the virus DNA in blood during treatment and reduce dose only when it clears fast. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cthpv-adapted-deescalation.md - Cure hepatitis C in prisons and drug services, and enrol the cured in liver cancer surveillance (idea): Hepatitis C is now curable in weeks. Testing and treating where it is concentrated, and keeping those with scarring in surveillance afterwards, would cut liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hcv-test-treat-surveillance-linkage.md - Cure-focused prizes: pay for verified long-term cures, not for drugs (idea): Governments and philanthropists commit large payments for whoever achieves a verified jump in ten-year cure rates for a specific cancer, however they do it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-cure-prizes.md - Cut off the emergency programme cancer cells use to survive treatment (idea): When attacked, cells switch on a survival programme that buys them time to adapt. Blocking that programme could turn a partial response into a complete one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-stress-response-blockade.md - Cut the nerve supply to tumours with old drugs (idea): Nerves feed pancreatic, prostate, and other tumours. Beta-blockers and botulinum toxin are cheap, safe, and already in trials to see if severing that link slows cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nerve-tumour-blockade.md - De-acidify the tumour so T cells can work in it (idea): Tumours are acidic, and immune cells stop working in acid. Neutralising that acid, or blocking the pumps that create it, might let immunotherapy work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-lactate-acid-axis.md - Decision aids built into the record for every preference-sensitive cancer choice (idea): Choices like mastectomy versus lumpectomy, or whether to have chemotherapy after surgery, depend on what matters to the patient. Good decision aids exist but are rarely used; building them into the clinic workflow would change that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-embedded-decision-aids.md - Decision support that cites the exact trial and guideline line it relies on (idea): When a computer suggests a treatment, it should show the doctor the specific trial result and guideline sentence behind the suggestion, so it can be checked and trusted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-provenance-first-decision-support.md - Dedicated cohorts for patients with performance status 2 in first-line trials (idea): Trials usually take only patients who are up and about most of the day. Those who spend more time resting, a common group in real clinics, are excluded, so nobody knows how to treat them. A dedicated group in each trial would answer that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-ecog-2-dedicated-cohorts.md - Default fertility preservation referral for every patient under 40 before treatment (idea): Fewer than half of patients starting treatment that can damage fertility have a documented fertility discussion or referral, with worse rates for women, minorities and patients outside academic centres. An order-set trigger that refers every patient under 40 to reproductive medicine unless they actively decline would make the conversation routine and timely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-default-fertility-preservation-referral.md - Default-inclusive eligibility: sponsors must justify every exclusion criterion (idea): Trials should let people in unless there is a scientific or safety reason to keep them out. Every exclusion rule would need a written reason, reviewed like the rest of the protocol. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-justify-every-exclusion.md - Define tolerability endpoints as rigorously as efficacy endpoints (idea): Trials report side effects as a table of percentages that hides how long they lasted, how bad they felt and whether people stopped treatment. Tolerability should be measured with defined endpoints and a decision rule, like efficacy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-tolerability-estimands.md - Degrade the damaged p53 protein rather than trying to repair it (idea): Some faulty p53 proteins do not just stop protecting the cell; they actively help the cancer. Removing them entirely may be easier than fixing them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-mutant-p53-degrader.md - Degraders for the fusion proteins that drive childhood sarcomas (idea): Some sarcomas in children are caused by two genes fused into one abnormal protein. That protein is the whole disease, but no drug binds it. Destroying it instead of blocking it could work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-fusion-tf-degraders.md - Deliver CAR-T cells straight into the fluid around the brain (idea): Cancer spreading along the linings of the brain is almost untreatable. Injecting engineered immune cells directly into the brain fluid, through a small reservoir, reaches it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-intraventricular-car-t.md - Deliver drugs and cells to the brain through the nose (idea): The nerves at the top of the nose lead directly into the brain, bypassing the barrier. Nasal delivery of drugs, and even immune cells, has worked in animals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-intranasal-delivery.md - Deposit the raw blots, gels and microscopy images behind every figure (idea): Published figures are cropped and processed. Requiring the original, uncropped image files to be deposited lets anyone check that the figure shows what it claims. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-raw-image-deposit.md - Deposit trial results as structured data, not just PDFs (idea): Trial results (hazard ratios, confidence intervals, subgroups, toxicities) would be deposited in a computer-readable form so they can be pooled, checked and used by software immediately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-structured-trial-results-deposit.md - Design drug pairs where resisting one makes you vulnerable to the other (idea): Choose two treatments so that whatever the tumour does to escape the first, it becomes easier to kill with the second. The immune system is a good candidate partner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-evolutionary-double-bind.md - Design protein degraders small enough to get into the brain (idea): New drugs that destroy cancer proteins are usually too big to enter the brain. Making much smaller versions could bring this approach to brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-brain-penetrant-glue-degraders.md - Destroy the truncated androgen receptor that hormone drugs cannot touch (idea): In advanced prostate cancer the AR-V7 splice variant of the androgen receptor lacks the ligand-binding domain that enzalutamide and abiraterone act on, and its presence predicts resistance. A degrader or N-terminal binder that removes the whole protein, variants included, would still work; AR-V7 is already measurable in circulating tumour cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-arv7-degrader.md - Detect tumours changing cell type from RNA in the blood (idea): Some cancers escape treatment by changing into a different kind of cell that the drug no longer affects. Tumour RNA in blood could show this shift months before a biopsy would. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-cfrna-plasticity-tracking.md - Develop drugs in children first when the target is a children's target (idea): Children wait years for drugs because adult trials come first, even when the target belongs to a childhood cancer. Some drugs should start with children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-paediatric-first-development.md - Device-agnostic public trials of ablation technologies against surgery (idea): Focused ultrasound, histotripsy, heat and electric-field ablation can destroy tumours without an incision, but each maker runs its own small study. Publicly-funded trials would compare them fairly against surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-ablation-versus-surgery-trials.md - Digital batch records and AI process control to halve cell therapy batch failures (idea): Autologous cell therapy batches fail more often than any other medicine because each patient's starting cells behave differently and the process runs without feedback. Inline sensors for metabolites, cell counts and cytokines, feeding models that adjust feeding and harvest timing in real time, could rescue batches that would otherwise be discarded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-ai-process-control-cell-manufacturing.md - Digital twins for treatment selection, validated by predicting before observing (idea): Build a computer model of each patient's cancer that forecasts how it will respond to each treatment option, and prove it by writing the forecast down before the real result is known. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-digital-twin-predict-then-observe.md - Digitise the nation's pathology slides and link them to outcomes (idea): Scan the millions of cancer slides already sitting in hospital basements and connect each to what happened to the patient, creating the world's largest training set for pathology AI. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-national-slide-archive.md - Direct record-to-database data capture: no manual transcription, no full source verification (idea): Trial staff still retype data from the hospital record into the trial database, and monitors then check every entry by hand. Piping data directly and checking by risk would cut cost and errors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-esource-ehr-to-edc.md - Disclose R&D and manufacturing costs of publicly funded cancer drugs to get coverage (idea): Taxpayers fund much of the science behind new cancer drugs but never learn what they cost to develop. Disclosure should be a condition of public payment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-rd-cost-disclosure-condition.md - Diversity action plans with consequences: unmet targets trigger post-approval requirements (idea): Companies now have to file a plan for enrolling a representative mix of patients. If the trial misses the plan, the label should say so and the company should be required to fill the gap after approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-diversity-plans-with-consequences.md - Dose adjustments driven by patients' own symptom reports, tested against clinician judgement (idea): Patients report symptoms on their phone each week; a set of rules turns severe or worsening symptoms into a dose hold or reduction before the next clinic visit. This could keep people on treatment longer and feeling better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-patient-reported-toxicity-dose-algorithms.md - Dose and schedule optimisation trials specific to antibody-drug conjugates (idea): Antibody-drug conjugates deliver chemotherapy payloads into tumours but cause lung, eye and nerve damage that tracks total exposure, and several were approved without an optimised dose. Randomised comparisons of lower doses, longer intervals and capped cumulative payload could keep the benefit while cutting these harms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-adc-dose-and-schedule-optimisation.md - Dose chemotherapy by muscle mass, not body surface area (idea): Chemotherapy doses are calculated from height and weight, a formula from the 1950s. Doses based on actual muscle mass may cause fewer severe side-effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-lean-mass-dosing.md - Dose-finding in older and frail patients, not extrapolation from fit ones (idea): The dose for a frail 80-year-old is guessed from what fit 55-year-olds tolerated. Running dose-finding in older patients directly, using frailty assessment, would give doses they can actually take. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-geriatric-dose-finding-cohorts.md - Dosimetry-personalised PRRT instead of four fixed cycles (idea): Measure the radiation each patient's tumour and kidneys actually absorb and adjust the number and size of doses, instead of giving everyone four identical cycles. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-net-dosimetry-prrt.md - Double oncology capacity in low-resource settings with task-shifting and AI decision support (idea): Many countries have one oncologist for millions of people. Train nurses and general doctors to deliver protocolised cancer care with software checks and remote specialist oversight. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-task-shifting-ai-oncology-capacity.md - Drag cancer's surface and secreted proteins to the cell's recycling bin (idea): Some cancer proteins sit on the cell surface or float outside cells, where protein-destroying drugs cannot reach. A different trick can drag them inside to be broken down. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-lytac-surface-degraders.md - Drop mandatory fresh biopsies where blood or archival tissue would do (idea): Trials often require a fresh tumour biopsy just to enter, even when the sample is only for research. Classifying each biopsy as essential or research-only, making the latter optional and allowing blood tests or archived tissue for eligibility markers, would remove a painful hurdle that drives refusals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-drop-non-essential-biopsies.md - Drop the 'must speak English' rule: translated consent and questionnaires as standard (idea): Trials quietly exclude people who do not speak the local language because consent forms and questionnaires exist only in that language. Sponsors should provide validated translations for any language spoken by at least 5 percent of the catchment and fund interpreters; translations of common instruments already exist for dozens of languages. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-language-access-in-trials.md - Drop the extra switching studies for interchangeable oncology biosimilars (idea): US law lets a pharmacist swap an 'interchangeable' biosimilar without asking the prescriber, but earning that label used to need costly switching studies; the FDA now says those are usually unnecessary, which should be made permanent for cancer antibodies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-interchangeable-oncology-biosimilars.md - Drug labels must state which biomarker assays were validated and how they compare (idea): A drug label says 'for PD-L1 positive patients' but does not say that other tests give different answers. Labels should list the validated tests and how much they disagree. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-label-assay-concordance.md - Dual-payload ADCs in first line to prevent resistance (idea): Rather than waiting for resistance to one payload and then switching, give two mechanisms from day one, as HIV therapy does. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-dual-payload-first.md - Dynamic consent with usage receipts (idea): An app where patients choose what their data can be used for, see every time it is used, and can switch permissions on or off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-dynamic-consent-app.md - Earmark a fixed share of every national cancer budget for palliative care (idea): Most of the money in cancer goes to treatments that help a few people for a short time, while pain relief for the dying, which is cheap and works, gets almost nothing. Ring-fencing a small fixed share would change that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-earmarked-palliative-budget-share.md - Efflux-agnostic therapy for mesenchymal TNBC (idea): Some tumours pump out every drug. Use treatments the pumps cannot touch: radiation, radioligands, immune cells, and payloads designed to evade them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-efflux-agnostic.md - Eliminate infection-caused cancers: HPV, hepatitis B and C, H. pylori and EBV (idea): About one in eight cancers is caused by an infection we can vaccinate against, cure or eradicate. A concerted global programme could make those cancers rare within a generation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-eliminate-infection-cancers.md - Emulate combination trials from real-world data to triage which ones to run (idea): Combinations used off-label in over 200 patients in clinico-genomic databases can be analysed by target trial emulation. Emulations cannot replace trials, but they can rule out the pairs with no signal and flag those with large effects before money is spent on randomised studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-rwe-combination-emulation.md - Emulate the trial in real-world data first to decide which trials to run (idea): Before spending millions on a randomised trial, analyse existing patient records as if the trial had already happened. If the answer is obvious or the question is unanswerable, skip or redesign the trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-target-trial-emulation-to-prioritise-rcts.md - End the abstract-to-paper gap: require full results with any conference presentation (idea): Trial results are often presented at conferences months or years before the full paper appears, leaving doctors to act on slides. Require that the full structured results are published the same day. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-full-data-with-abstract.md - Enforce individual participant data sharing as a condition of publication and funding (idea): Journals and funders already ask trialists to share patient-level data; almost nobody checks. Make it a checked condition with real consequences. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ipd-deposit-enforcement.md - Engineered bacteria that live in tumours and manufacture drugs there (idea): Some harmless bacteria naturally grow in the low-oxygen core of tumours. Engineering them to produce immune-activating drugs turns them into tiny factories inside the tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-engineered-bacteria-payloads.md - Engineered immune surveillance: long-lived programmed immune cells that patrol for early cancer (idea): For people at very high cancer risk, install a small population of engineered immune cells that live for years and destroy cells showing early cancer signals before a tumour forms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-engineered-immune-surveillance.md - Eradicate dormant cancer cells: a programme to wake and kill or lock asleep disseminated cells (idea): Many relapses come from cancer cells that hid dormant for years. Find drugs that either force them awake so chemotherapy kills them, or keep them asleep for life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-dormancy-eradication-programme.md - Escrow a share of adult revenue until the paediatric study is done (idea): Companies often delay the childhood cancer studies they are required to do. A slice of the adult drug's revenue would be held back until the paediatric trial is completed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-paediatric-deferral-escrow.md - Evaluate alcohol minimum unit pricing against cancer incidence (idea): Scotland and Wales put a floor under the price of alcohol. Deaths from liver disease have already fallen. Cancer takes longer to show, so someone has to keep measuring for a decade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-alcohol-minimum-pricing-cancer-endpoints.md - Evaluate clean-air policies using lung cancer in never-smokers (idea): Air pollution causes lung cancer in people who never smoked. Clean air zones and coal phase-outs should be tracked against never-smoker lung cancer rates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-clean-air-never-smoker-endpoints.md - Evening and weekend trial clinics for working-age patients (idea): Trial visits happen on weekdays during working hours, which excludes people with jobs or caring duties, so trials under-enrol patients under 65. Running research clinics in the evening and at weekends, cluster-randomised across one network for a year, is a cheap test of whether that matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-evening-weekend-trial-clinics.md - Every AI output logged in the record with input hash, version and clinician response (idea): Whenever an AI tool gives a result about a patient, the hospital system would permanently record what it saw, which version it was, what it said and what the doctor did with it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-audit-trail-in-ehr.md - Every approved cancer drug ships with a public combination-readiness data pack (idea): Require that approved cancer drugs come with a standard set of data (blood levels, drug interactions, toxicity profile) so anyone can design a safe combination trial without asking the company. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-combo-readiness-dossier.md - Every cancer biology PhD begins with a funded replication of a published finding (idea): Make the first project of every cancer biology doctoral student a funded, pre-registered attempt to repeat a published finding chosen from a curated list of translationally relevant results, with the outcome published in a replication registry. Students learn power analysis, blinding and reporting, and the field gets thousands of replications a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-phd-replication-year.md - Every drug screen includes standard reference compounds whose performance is published (idea): Drug sensitivity results for the same cell line and drug differ substantially between large screens. Every published cancer drug screen should include a defined panel of reference compounds with published expected activity ranges per reference cell line, reported in a standard format, so results from different labs can be calibrated against each other. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-reference-compound-panels.md - Every lung screening visit includes stop-smoking medicine, opt-out (idea): Lung screening is a teachable moment. Giving cessation medicine and support by default at every scan, unless the person opts out, roughly doubles quit rates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-opt-out-cessation-in-lung-screening.md - Every pathology and genomic report ships with a signed plain-language version (idea): When your biopsy or gene test comes back, you get a version written for you, drafted by software and checked and signed by your clinician, alongside the technical report. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-results-in-plain-words.md - Every patient is asked once at diagnosis whether researchers may contact them (idea): At diagnosis, people would be asked a single question: may we contact you about research that fits your cancer? Those who say yes would be findable by trial teams without repeated cold approaches. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-opt-out-research-contact-register.md - Every patient on an accelerated-approval drug enrolled in a registry until confirmation (idea): Accelerated approvals rest on surrogate endpoints, and confirmatory trials take years and are sometimes never completed. Making registry enrolment with automatic outcome capture a condition of prescribing under accelerated approval would give regulators a real-world signal on benefit and toxicity within about two years, while the confirmatory trial runs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-accelerated-approval-registry-condition.md - Every payer covers routine care costs for trial participants, in every country (idea): Outside US Medicare and Medicaid, joining a trial can leave the patient or hospital paying for the ordinary care that goes with it, and billing uncertainty blocks participation in middle-income countries. Requiring every insurer and public system to cover routine care costs removes a hidden barrier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-universal-routine-cost-coverage.md - Every regulator publishes its full assessment report so others can rely on it (idea): Europe already publishes a detailed report explaining why each drug was approved. If every country did, smaller regulators could reuse the work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-public-assessment-reports-all.md - Every resistance mechanism found in a patient must be rebuilt in the laboratory (idea): When doctors discover how a tumour escaped a drug, that finding usually stops at a paper. Recreating it in a model gives everyone a system to test the next drug against. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-reverse-translation-resistance-models.md - Every routine CT scan checked by AI for early cancer signs, with a tracked follow-up pathway (idea): Hundreds of millions of CT scans are done each year for other reasons. Software could check each one for early lung, kidney, liver and pancreas changes, but only if a follow-up system exists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-opportunistic-ct-ai-registry.md - Every screening programme must publish its overdiagnosis rate each year (idea): Screening finds cancers that would never have caused harm, but programmes only report cancers found. Publishing the estimated overdiagnosis rate alongside would make the trade-off visible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-annual-overdiagnosis-reporting.md - Every tumour genomic report machine-readable and deposited nationally (idea): Genetic test results for tumours are mostly PDFs. Require labs to also send a computer-readable version to a national store, so variants can be linked to what treatments worked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-structured-genomic-reports.md - Every tumour sequencing report lists open, nearby, matched trials pulled live (idea): The report that tells a patient their tumour's mutations should also tell them which trials are recruiting for those mutations within reach, with the status checked that week rather than copied from a stale list. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-ngs-report-live-trial-match.md - Evidence-based integrative oncology in every cancer centre to meet demand safely (idea): Offer the complementary approaches that have evidence (acupuncture for nausea and pain, exercise, mindfulness, yoga) inside the cancer centre, so patients do not seek them, and worse, elsewhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-integrative-oncology-bridge.md - Evolution-guided 'adaptive therapy' dosing tested in randomised phase 2 trials (idea): Adaptive therapy uses just enough drug to keep a tumour in check, pausing when the burden falls and resuming when it rises, so drug-sensitive cells suppress resistant ones. A prostate cancer pilot with abiraterone lengthened time to progression against historical controls on half the drug; randomised phase 2 trials are the next step. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-adaptive-therapy-randomised-phase-2.md - Evolutionary tumour boards with a modeller in the room (idea): Cancer is an evolving population, but treatment decisions are rarely made with an evolutionary biologist present. Add one to the weekly meeting and see whether decisions change. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-evolutionary-tumour-boards.md - Exempt oncologists who follow the pathway from prior authorisation (idea): If a practice's requests are approved almost every time, asking again wastes everyone's money; gold-card rules give such practices automatic approval and audit them instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-gold-card-oncology.md - Expert-verified translation of guideline updates into 20 languages within 30 days (idea): Most oncology guidelines exist only in English, and national adaptations lag by years and often diverge. Machine translation checked by a clinician-verifier per language could publish each recommendation update in 20 languages within 30 days, side by side with the source and with local adaptations flagged explicitly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-rapid-guideline-translation.md - Exposure-response modelling with a pre-set target exposure before any dose is chosen (idea): Instead of picking the dose by how much patients can tolerate, measure drug levels in blood and relate them to both benefit and harm across patients, then choose the dose that hits the sweet spot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-exposure-response-before-dose-selection.md - Extend Medicare's inflation rebates to employer plans (idea): Since 2023 manufacturers must rebate Medicare when a drug's price rises faster than inflation; applying the same rule to commercial plans would end the yearly list-price rises that drive coinsurance up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-inflation-rebates-commercial.md - Extend p53 reactivation beyond the Y220C mutation (idea): One faulty version of the p53 guardian protein can now be repaired by a drug that plugs a hole in it. Systematically hunting for similar holes in other faulty versions could help far more patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-p53-mutant-reactivator-expansion.md - Extended-interval immunotherapy: give checkpoint inhibitors every 8-12 weeks once stable (idea): Immunotherapy antibodies stay active in the body for weeks, yet are often given every two or three weeks. After a few months, spacing doses out to every two or three months might work as well, with fewer hospital visits and much lower cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-extended-interval-checkpoint-dosing.md - Extending sarcoma TCR-T beyond HLA-A*02 (idea): Today's engineered T-cell therapies for sarcoma only work in the ~40-50% of people with one particular HLA type; new receptors for other HLA types would open them to everyone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tcr-t-beyond-hla-a2.md - External validation at five or more sites in two countries before clearance (idea): No cancer AI would be approved until it has been tested on patients from at least five different hospitals in at least two countries, none of which contributed training data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-multisite-validation-precondition.md - Extra exclusivity for sponsors who run treatment-duration and de-escalation trials (idea): Companies lose money when they prove a shorter course works, so they never test it. Give them a modest reward, such as extra months of exclusivity, when they do. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-duration-trial-exclusivity.md - Factorial dose finding for drug combinations instead of full dose of everything (idea): When two cancer drugs are combined, each is usually given at its full single-agent dose, which often proves too toxic. Testing a grid of dose pairs would find combinations that work with tolerable side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-factorial-dose-finding-for-combinations.md - Factorial trials that test several cheap generics at once in the adjuvant setting (idea): One large trial can test aspirin, a statin, metformin and exercise at the same time by randomising each separately, answering four questions for the price of one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-factorial-adjuvant-generics.md - Family history collected by app and matched to testing criteria automatically (idea): Doctors rarely take a full family history, so eligibility for genetic testing goes undetected. An app that gathers the history from the patient, feeds it into the record and checks it against NCCN or NICE criteria would identify several-fold more eligible people and, the proposal estimates, roughly double the number tested. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-family-history-auto-match.md - Family-based H. pylori test-and-treat to prevent stomach cancer (idea): Stomach cancer is largely caused by a bacterium that spreads in households. Testing and treating whole families, not individuals, would stop reinfection and prevent cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpylori-family-test-and-treat.md - FAP theranostics as a pan-cancer stromal strategy (idea): Instead of finding a different target for each cancer, hit the scaffolding cells that almost all solid tumours share. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fap-theranostics-pancancer.md - FAPI PET as the workup for MCED positives (idea): When a blood test says 'cancer signal, origin unclear', a FAPI PET scan may find it where FDG cannot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mced-plus-fapi.md - Fast-track relicensing for refugee, migrant and returning oncology professionals (idea): Trained cancer doctors and nurses who have fled conflict or moved countries often spend years unable to practise. A short, competency-based route back to work would add capacity quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-fast-track-relicensing-oncologists.md - Federal oral chemotherapy parity for self-funded employer plans (idea): Most states require insurers to charge no more for a cancer pill than for an infusion, but the law does not reach the self-funded employer plans that cover most working Americans; a federal rule would close the gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-federal-oral-parity.md - Federated training of pathology and radiology models across hospitals (idea): Train one AI on pathology slides and radiology scans from dozens of hospitals without any hospital sharing its images: the model travels to the data. Federated learning has worked for glioblastoma segmentation across 70-plus sites, yet almost every clinical model is still trained at one or two institutions, so a persistent shared training infrastructure is proposed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-federated-learning-imaging.md - Fertility preservation offered and funded by default before gonadotoxic treatment (idea): Everyone of reproductive age about to have treatment that can cause infertility is offered egg, sperm or tissue freezing, paid for, before treatment starts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-fertility-preservation-default.md - Find E3 ligases that only tumours have, and build degraders around them (idea): Protein-destroying drugs work by hijacking cellular waste-disposal machines. Using a machine that is mostly present in cancer cells would make these drugs safer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-tumour-restricted-e3-atlas.md - Find the lowest effective doses of both drugs in a combination, not the highest tolerated (idea): Combination trials usually keep one drug at full dose and push the other as high as patients can bear. Testing a grid of dose pairs would find combinations that work at lower, safer doses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-combo-dose-matrix.md - Find the parts of a tumour the drug never reaches (idea): Cells that receive only a small amount of a drug survive and adapt. Measuring where inside a tumour the drug actually reaches would show where resistance is being bred. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-drug-exposure-sanctuary-mapping.md - Fix the neutrophil count rule that excludes many people of African ancestry (idea): A majority of people of West African ancestry carry the Duffy-null variant, which lowers baseline neutrophil counts without raising infection risk. Trials apply a single neutrophil cut-off that wrongly labels them unfit, so protocols should use Duffy-specific thresholds; Duffy status is a cheap blood test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-duffy-null-neutrophil-threshold.md - Flush dormant cells out of bone marrow, then kill them (idea): Sleeping cancer cells hide in bone marrow where drugs cannot reach them. Pushing them into the bloodstream on purpose, then treating, might clear them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-cxcr4-mobilise-then-kill.md - Focused-ultrasound BBB opening to deliver ADCs and radioligands to glioma (idea): Brain tumours have targets that ADCs could hit, but antibodies cannot cross the barrier. Open the barrier with ultrasound first. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fus-plus-adc-glioma.md - Follow every trial participant for 30 years through registry linkage (idea): Trials stop following patients after a few years, so late side effects and late relapses are missed. Link trial participants to national records so follow-up continues automatically for decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-registry-follow-up-of-trial-participants.md - Forecast the next resistance mutation like the weather (idea): Flu vaccines are chosen by predicting which virus strains will dominate next season. The same forecasting maths could predict which resistance mutation a patient's tumour will develop next. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-evolution-forecasting.md - Formal caregiver assessment and training written into every treatment plan (idea): The person looking after a cancer patient at home is assessed, trained (medicines, symptoms, when to call) and supported as part of the plan, not left to work it out. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-caregiver-in-the-plan.md - Formal shared-care agreements between oncology and family doctors, with same-day e-consult (idea): Family doctors often do not know who is responsible for a cancer patient's blood pressure, diabetes or new symptom. Written agreements plus a same-day electronic question line to the oncologist would fill the gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-primary-care-shared-care-agreements.md - Formally qualify tumour-DNA blood tests as a surrogate endpoint for adjuvant trials (idea): If a blood test reliably shows whether cancer will come back after surgery, trials could use it instead of waiting years for relapse. Regulators have a process to bless such a test; oncology should use it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-ctdna-mrd-qualification.md - Forty-eight-hour small grants for bold experiments in neglected cancers (idea): Fast grants for oncology would be a fund that decides within two days on small grants for quick, decisive experiments in cancers or questions that mainstream funders neglect, modelled on the pandemic-era Fast Grants. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-fast-grants-oncology.md - Four weeks of training and nutrition before major cancer surgery, as standard (idea): Getting fitter and better nourished before an operation reduces complications and speeds recovery. It is cheap, but only a few hospitals do it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-prehabilitation-standard.md - Full refund for CAR-T if the patient has not responded at three months (idea): Health systems would pay for a $400,000 cell therapy only if it works. If the cancer has not responded by three months, the company refunds the price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-cart-outcomes-refund.md - Fund a biopsy at progression, every time, as standard care (idea): When a treatment stops working, the tumour is rarely re-sampled, so nobody learns why. Paying for a biopsy at that moment would build the missing map of resistance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-mandatory-progression-biopsy.md - Fund alpha emitters beyond actinium-225: lead-212, terbium-149 and astatine-211 (idea): Almost every alpha cancer therapy in development relies on one scarce isotope. Developing several alternatives at once would stop the whole field waiting on a single supply chain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-alpha-emitter-portfolio.md - Fund an oncology joint assessment unit inside the African Medicines Agency (idea): Africa's new continental medicines agency could assess cancer drugs once for 55 countries. It needs oncology reviewers and a reliance rule to do it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-african-medicines-agency-oncology.md - Fund expert editors for the cancer pages of Wikipedia and Wikidata (idea): Wikipedia's medical pages receive billions of views and its cancer pages are among the most read, yet they are often out of date on treatment. Funding a standing team of oncology editors and translators, as Cochrane and WHO have done with Wikimedia, would keep them current against living guidelines and add structured trial and drug identifiers to Wikidata. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-wikipedia-oncology-editors.md - Fund investigators from under-represented communities and community sites to lead trials (idea): Patients are more likely to join a trial when the doctor offering it looks like them or works in their community. Funding more such doctors to become trial leaders would change who is enrolled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-diverse-investigator-pipeline.md - Fund oncologists to maintain cancer articles on Wikipedia in many languages (idea): Wikipedia is the most-read medical reference on Earth. Pay expert editors to keep its cancer pages accurate, current and available in the languages most patients speak. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-wikipedia-oncology-fellowships.md - Fund regulator-ready evidence dossiers for the 20 best-supported off-patent drugs (idea): The evidence for old drugs against cancer is scattered across hundreds of papers. Assembling it into the format regulators and funders need is cheap and would speed decisions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-regulator-ready-repurposing-dossiers.md - Fund scalp cooling and hair-preserving measures for every alopecia-inducing regimen (idea): Losing hair is one of the most distressing side-effects of chemotherapy and can often be prevented with a cooling cap. Make it routinely available and paid for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-hair-preservation-for-all.md - Fund trials that test shorter courses of the most expensive adjuvant drugs (idea): The PERSEPHONE trial showed six months of trastuzumab after surgery is as good as twelve, halving the drug cost; no company will run such trials, so public funders and charities must. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-shorter-course-trials.md - Funded living systematic reviews for every major cancer indication (idea): Instead of a review that is out of date on publication, fund teams to keep one continuously updated review per cancer setting, adding each new trial as it appears. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-funded-living-systematic-reviews.md - Funded research pathways for surgeon-scientists and radiation oncologist-scientists (idea): Almost no surgeons or radiation oncologists have time or funding to do research. Dedicated training awards with protected time would build the workforce that surgical and radiotherapy trials need. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-surgeon-scientist-pathway.md - Funder bonuses for releasing results and data within six months, negatives included (idea): Pay scientists a small bonus, added to their grant, when they post their results and data openly within six months of finishing an experiment, whether the result was positive or not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-open-results-bonus.md - Funders set aside a fixed share of budget for independent replication (idea): Almost no research money goes to checking whether published cancer findings hold up: one replication project could complete only 23 of 50 planned experiments. Requiring 3 to 5% of every funder's research budget to go to independent replication, published whatever the result, would build the missing feedback loop. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-replication-set-aside.md - GD2 CAR-T as consolidation in high-risk neuroblastoma (idea): Give engineered GD2 T cells to children in remission after standard therapy, where the long-term data show the deepest and longest cures. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-gd2-car-t-frontline-consolidation.md - Geriatric assessment by default for every older patient, and trials that admit them (idea): Most cancer patients are over 65, yet treatment is chosen by age and guesswork and trials exclude them. Assess fitness properly and design trials that include real older patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-geriatric-assessment-default.md - Geriatric assessment by default for every patient over 70 starting cancer treatment (idea): A short structured check of memory, mobility, nutrition and medicines before treatment cuts serious side effects in older patients without reducing benefit. It should be automatic, not optional. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-geriatric-assessment-by-default.md - Geriatrician co-management for older patients having cancer surgery (idea): When a geriatrician co-manages patients over 75 around a cancer operation, as in the POSH programme at Duke and POPS in the UK, complications, delirium, length of stay and readmissions fall. Preoperative optimisation and postoperative geriatric review should be a standard part of surgical oncology pathways for this age group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-geriatric-co-management-surgery.md - Get biomarker-directed aspirin after colorectal surgery into labels and guidelines (idea): A Swedish trial found that cheap aspirin roughly halved recurrence in colorectal cancer patients with a particular tumour mutation. Nobody is going to market it, so health systems must adopt it deliberately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-aspirin-pik3ca-implementation.md - Get every Lynch syndrome carrier onto the right dose of aspirin (idea): Aspirin roughly halves bowel cancer in Lynch syndrome, and a dose trial is defining how little is needed. Most carriers are still not prescribed it; the task is to fix prescribing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-lynch-aspirin-implementation.md - Get the one approved appetite drug licensed beyond a single country (idea): A drug that improves appetite and lean weight in cancer wasting is approved in Japan but almost nowhere else. Reviewing the existing evidence could widen access quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-anamorelin-access.md - Give immunotherapy in the morning (idea): Several studies found patients infused with checkpoint inhibitors earlier in the day lived longer. If a randomised trial confirms it, it is a free improvement available everywhere tomorrow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-chronotherapy-immunotherapy.md - Give negative trials plenary slots at the big cancer conferences (idea): Conferences headline the trials that worked, while most negative trials end up as posters or are never submitted. A standing plenary at ASCO, ESMO and AACR for negative and practice-reversing trials, with a discussant drawing lessons for design and biology, would make the failures impossible to miss. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-negative-plenaries.md - Give subcutaneous immunotherapy in community clinics and at home (idea): Under-the-skin versions of atezolizumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab take minutes rather than an hour and need no infusion chair, so they can be given by a nurse near home, cutting facility fees and travel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-subcutaneous-community.md - GLP-1 drugs to reverse endometrial precancer in women with obesity (idea): Womb precancer in women with obesity is usually treated with a hormone coil or hysterectomy. Weight-loss drugs might reverse it and protect fertility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-glp1-endometrial-hyperplasia.md - GLP-1 receptor agonists as adjuvant weight-loss therapy in HR-positive breast cancer (idea): Coaching-based weight loss did not clearly cut breast cancer recurrence in BWEL, perhaps because the weight loss was too small. Drugs that produce three times as much weight loss could settle whether weight itself matters. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-glp1-adjuvant-hr-breast.md - Glucose monitor data as an early pancreatic cancer signal (idea): Millions now wear continuous glucose monitors. A sudden, unexplained worsening of glucose control in a middle-aged wearer could be flagged as a possible early sign of pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-cgm-glycaemic-drift-pancreas.md - Go back to families of women who died of ovarian cancer and offer BRCA testing (idea): Women who died of ovarian cancer without ever having BRCA testing leave relatives who are otherwise unreachable. Retesting archived tumour tissue and contacting families, piloted on 2,000 cases from the past 15 years, would find carriers before they develop cancer; US pilots show it is feasible and ethically acceptable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-traceback-deceased-probands.md - Good practice standards and inspection for real-world data sources (idea): Trials are inspected to check the data are real and traceable. Do the same for the hospital databases used to make regulatory decisions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-gcp-for-real-world-data.md - Government reinsurance for phase 2 failures of first-in-class cancer drugs (idea): Investors avoid genuinely new cancer drugs because most fail in mid-stage trials. A public insurance scheme would repay part of the loss when a first-in-class drug fails honestly, making the bet worth taking. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-phase-two-failure-reinsurance.md - Grant extra exclusivity only in exchange for binding low prices in poorer countries (idea): Companies get longer monopolies for rare and paediatric cancer drugs. That reward should come with a commitment to sell at cost in low-income countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-tiered-pricing-for-exclusivity.md - Grant progress reports must list what did not work (idea): Researchers report their successes to funders every year. Make them report their failures too, in a structured, searchable way. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-null-result-reporting.md - Group trials by broken mechanism, not by organ or single mutation (idea): Rare cancers often share a broken cellular machine even when they arise in different organs. Grouping patients by that shared fault makes trials possible. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-mechanism-defined-baskets.md - Grow blood-borne tumour cells to test drugs on the cells that actually spread (idea): Drug tests normally use cells from the original tumour. Growing the rarer cells found in blood would test drugs against the cells that are actually travelling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-ctc-culture-functional-testing.md - Grow each trial patient's tumour as organoids to decide which platform arm opens next (idea): While patients are treated in a platform trial, their tumour cells grow in a dish and are tested against dozens of drug pairs. The pairs that win in the dish become the next arms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-organoid-coclinical-arms.md - Grow immune command posts inside tumours (idea): Tumours that contain small immune structures resembling lymph nodes respond far better to immunotherapy. Inducing those structures on purpose could make cold tumours responsive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-tertiary-lymphoid-induction.md - Grow models from tumour cells in the blood when a biopsy is impossible (idea): Some patients cannot have their tumour biopsied safely. Cancer cells captured from a blood sample can sometimes be grown into a model instead. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-ctc-derived-explants.md - Grow tumour organoids together with the patient's own immune cells (idea): Lab-grown mini-tumours usually contain only cancer cells. Adding the patient's own immune cells lets researchers test immunotherapy outside the body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-organoid-immune-coculture.md - Guaranteed-quality childhood cancer medicines free of charge in 50 countries (idea): Most children with cancer in rich countries are cured; most in poor countries are not, often because cheap drugs are missing. A global platform now ships quality drugs free; scaling it to 50 countries would be one of the highest-value cancer interventions available. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-childhood-medicines-platform-scale.md - Guidelines list the open trials at every decision point, updated monthly (idea): Treatment guidelines tell doctors what to do at each step but rarely which trials are open for that step. Adding a live, monthly-updated list to each decision node would put trials where doctors look. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-open-trials-inside-guidelines.md - Harmonise Europe's hospital exemption for academic cell therapies, with one registry (idea): Spain lets hospitals make and use their own CAR-T under a special rule; most European countries do not. A common rule with shared outcome tracking would spread affordable academic products. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-hospital-exemption-harmonised.md - Head-to-head bispecific vs CAR-T in second-line LBCL (idea): Nobody has directly compared an off-the-shelf bispecific with CAR-T in the same patients; a trial would settle where each belongs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bispecific-vs-car-t-second-line.md - Hepcidin-based control as first-line treatment in low-risk polycythaemia vera (idea): Rusfertide replaced phlebotomy in patients who needed it often. The open question is whether hepcidin control from diagnosis, in low-risk patients who today get phlebotomy alone, prevents the iron deficiency, the count swings and perhaps the clots that phlebotomy leaves behind. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-pv-hepcidin-first.md - HER2 ADCs as standard for HER2-positive serous endometrial cancer (idea): Serous endometrial cancers often overproduce HER2. Enhertu already works in them; testing HER2 in every p53-abnormal tumour and using the ADC earlier could change outcomes for the worst subtype. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-her2-adc-serous-endometrial.md - Hold organoid drug tests to the same standard as a diagnostic test (idea): Lab-grown mini-tumours are already being sold to guide treatment, but the tests are not validated like other medical tests. They should be. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-organoid-assay-clinical-validation.md - Home administration of selected chemotherapy and immunotherapy for older and frail patients (idea): For frail older patients, the journey to hospital can be the hardest part of treatment. Nurses can safely give some cancer treatments at home, which may help more people complete their course. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-home-chemotherapy-older-patients.md - Home end-of-life care kits and trained family carers where no hospice exists (idea): Most people in poorer countries die at home without any professional support. A simple kit of medicines and supplies plus a few hours of training for a family member could make dying far less painful. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-home-based-end-of-life-kits.md - Home infusion and local blood draws for trial drugs after the first cycles (idea): Once a patient has safely had the first few doses of a trial drug at the hospital, later doses could be given at home or a local clinic, with blood tests done nearby, so distance no longer decides who can join. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-home-infusion-trial-drugs.md - Hormone tablets instead of surgery for small breast cancers in the frail over-80s (idea): Frail women over 80 with small hormone-sensitive breast cancers may do as well with a daily tablet as with surgery. A trial would define who can safely avoid the operation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-frail-elderly-primary-endocrine-breast.md - Hospital-at-home for oncology: treating low-risk febrile neutropenia and dehydration at home (idea): Hospital-at-home programmes deliver intravenous antibiotics, fluids, monitoring and daily nurse and physician visits in the patient's home, with equivalent or better outcomes and lower costs in general medicine. Extending them to low-risk fever after chemotherapy and dehydration, with payer recognition, would keep older cancer patients out of hospital beds, where they are most at risk of harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-hospital-at-home-oncology.md - Hospital-based CAR-T manufacturing at cost through a public network (idea): Academic hospitals can already make CAR-T cells for a fraction of the commercial price. A public network would scale that so more patients can be treated for less. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-public-car-t-manufacturing.md - Hospital-exemption cell therapies at scale, backed by a shared registry (idea): European law already lets hospitals make advanced therapies for their own patients. Pair that with a shared outcomes registry so academic CAR-Ts and similar treatments can prove themselves without a commercial licence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-hospital-exemption-registry.md - Hospital-funded protected time for clinician-scientists, repaid by trial revenue (idea): Doctors who could turn discoveries into trials are buried in clinical work. Hospitals would guarantee them research time and recover the cost from the trials and grants they bring in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-protected-time-physician-scientists.md - Hospital-made CAR-T under one shared regulatory master file (idea): Instead of shipping a patient's cells to a distant factory, hospitals would make CAR-T on site under a shared licence, cutting cost and waiting time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-point-of-care-cart-network.md - HPV circulating tumour DNA to guide cervical cancer therapy (idea): Because cervical tumours carry viral DNA that normal cells do not, a blood test for HPV DNA is a near-perfect tumour marker for tracking response and relapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-hpv-ctdna-cervical.md - HPV self-testing with same-day treatment as the national cervical programme (idea): Women can collect their own sample for the virus that causes cervical cancer; those who test positive can be treated the same day with a simple heat device. Done nationally, this could eliminate a disease that still kills hundreds of thousands of women a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-hpv-self-sample-same-day-ablation.md - Humanised mice with an immune system matched to the tumour donor (idea): Most cancer drugs are tested in mice with no immune system, then given to people who have one. Mice carrying the same patient's immune cells and tumour would be a fairer test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-immune-matched-humanised-mice.md - Immunotherapy downstaging to transplant with a safe washout (idea): Use immunotherapy to shrink liver cancer enough for a transplant, and find the safe gap between the last dose and surgery so the new liver is not rejected. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-hcc-io-before-transplant.md - Implant a tiny device that tests twenty drugs inside the patient's own tumour (idea): A rice-grain-sized implant releases microdoses of up to 20 drugs into separate spots of a tumour for one to three days, then is removed so pathologists can see which drug worked in that person's own tumour. First-in-human studies have been done in breast, sarcoma and brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-implantable-microdevice-screen.md - In silico trials to choose the dose before the first patient (idea): Simulating thousands of virtual patients on a computer can suggest which dose and schedule to test, so fewer real patients receive doses that are too high or too low. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-in-silico-trials-dose.md - In silico trials to prioritise combinations, scored against later real trials (idea): Simulate trials of drug combinations in populations of virtual patients to decide which real trials to run, and keep score of how often the simulations were right. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-in-silico-trials-calibrated.md - In vivo CAR-T against solid-tumour antigens (idea): If a lipid nanoparticle can make CAR-T cells inside the body for lymphoma, it could be redosed weekly against solid-tumour targets that autologous CAR-T cannot sustain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-in-vivo-car-solid.md - In vivo CAR-T as a vial on the shelf: a cost and access trial in lymphoma (idea): Some new medicines reprogramme immune cells inside the body with an injection, skipping the factory entirely. Test whether that makes CAR-T affordable and available in ordinary hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-in-vivo-cart-off-the-shelf-vial.md - In vivo CAR-T manufactured and priced like a generic biologic (idea): Instead of making cell therapy from each patient's own cells in a factory, inject a particle that reprograms immune cells inside the body, made in bulk, so a dose costs thousands rather than hundreds of thousands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-in-vivo-cart-generic-price.md - Independent replication of the key experiment before first-in-human academic trials (idea): Before a new cancer drug from a university is given to people, a separate laboratory should have repeated the main experiment showing it works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-replication-before-ind.md - Inhaled immune therapy to make the lung hostile to arriving tumour cells (idea): Breathing in an immune-activating drug could turn the lungs into bad soil for cancer seeds, at doses far too low to cause body-wide side-effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-inhaled-lung-niche-immunotherapy.md - Inoculate newly diagnosed patients against common cancer scams (idea): In the first weeks after diagnosis, tell patients plainly what kinds of false claims and expensive unproven clinics they will encounter and how to spot them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-prebunking-at-diagnosis.md - Instruct tumour cells to make antibodies against their own oncoprotein (idea): Deliver genetic instructions so the cancer cell itself manufactures a molecule that traps its driver protein inside the cell. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-mrna-intrabodies.md - Intercept cancer at the field stage (idea): Whole regions of tissue carry cancer mutations long before a tumour exists. Detecting and treating the field, not the tumour, could prevent cancers rather than cure them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-field-interception.md - Intercepting late recurrence with ctDNA surveillance and oral SERDs (idea): Half of hormone-positive recurrences happen after year five. Blood tests during long-term follow-up could find them early and an oral SERD might stop them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-late-recurrence-interception.md - Intermittent or stop-and-restart nirogacestat in desmoid tumours (idea): Desmoid tumours are not cancers and often stop growing on their own; treating them indefinitely with a drug that causes ovarian failure may be more than needed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-desmoid-intermittent-dosing.md - Is aneuploidy itself a druggable vulnerability? (idea): Most cancers have the wrong number of chromosomes; normal cells do not. If that difference creates a specific weakness, a drug against it would spare normal tissue by definition. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-targeting-aneuploidy.md - Joint FDA-EMA-MHRA-PMDA scientific advice by default before pivotal cancer trials (idea): Before a company runs its phase 3 cancer trial, FDA, EMA, MHRA, PMDA, Health Canada and TGA would agree the endpoints, comparator, population and statistical plan in one joint written advice letter, so a single trial can support approval everywhere. Today parallel advice is used for a handful of products a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-joint-scientific-advice-default.md - Journals check that data links actually work, and flag papers whose data vanish (idea): Papers say 'data available on request' or link to files that no longer exist. Journals should verify data access at publication and periodically afterwards, and mark papers whose data have disappeared. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-data-link-enforcement.md - Judge funding programme officers on burden alignment and trials completed (idea): The people who run funding programmes are judged on money moved and papers produced. Judge them instead on whether their portfolios match the burden of disease and whether the trials they fund finish. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-programme-officer-incentives.md - Judge skin cancer AI by the thick melanomas it prevents, not the thin ones it finds (idea): Melanoma diagnoses have soared while deaths barely changed, a sign of overdiagnosis. AI skin apps should be judged on whether dangerous thick melanomas fall, not how many spots they flag. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-melanoma-ai-thick-melanoma-metric.md - Just-in-time site activation: open a site in two weeks when a patient appears (idea): Instead of opening a trial at fifty hospitals and waiting for patients, keep a network of pre-vetted clinics ready and switch a trial on where a matching patient is found. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-just-in-time-site-network.md - Keep a freshly removed tumour alive on a pump and test drugs in it (idea): After surgery, a tumour with its blood vessels can be connected to a pump and kept alive for hours or days, allowing drugs to be tested in genuinely human tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-ex-vivo-perfused-tumour.md - Keep dormant cells asleep instead of trying to kill them (idea): If we cannot kill sleeping cancer cells, we could try to keep them asleep for life. That would turn residual cancer into a harmless passenger. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-pro-dormancy-therapy.md - Keep them asleep: dormancy maintenance as adjuvant therapy (idea): Instead of trying to kill every hidden cancer cell after surgery, keep them dormant for life with low-toxicity drugs, the way extended hormone therapy already does in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-dormancy-maintenance-therapy.md - Kidney and liver impairment dosing studies completed before approval, not years after (idea): Dosing advice for people with weak kidneys or liver is often missing at approval and added years later, if ever. Requiring those studies before approval would protect a large group of real-world patients from day one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-organ-impairment-pk-before-approval.md - Kill combination arms early using circulating tumour DNA, before waiting for scans (idea): A blood test at six weeks can show whether a treatment is doing anything. Trials should use it to drop failing combinations fast and move patients on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-ctdna-futility-gates.md - Kill drug-tolerant persisters through ferroptosis (idea): The cells that survive targeted therapy change shape and become unusually dependent on an antioxidant enzyme, GPX4. Hitting them in that window might stop resistance before it evolves. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ferroptosis-persisters.md - Kill the sleeping survivor cells with iron-dependent cell death (idea): A few cancer cells survive treatment by going quiet rather than mutating. These survivors are unusually vulnerable to a particular kind of cell death, which a drug could trigger. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-persister-ferroptosis.md - Label every biomarker claim with an evidence phase, like drugs (idea): Drugs are labelled phase 1, 2 or 3 so everyone knows how proven they are. Biomarkers should carry a comparable grade, from B1 discovery to B5 utility shown in a randomised trial, so that a marker with only discovery-stage evidence is not mistaken for a validated one in guidelines and papers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-biomarker-evidence-grading.md - Label every targetable mutation as truncal or branch on the report (idea): A drug aimed at a mutation present in every tumour cell works differently from one aimed at a mutation in only some cells. Test reports should say which is which. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-truncal-branch-labelling.md - Launch prices indexed to the ESMO benefit scale, revisited when survival matures (idea): Pay more for drugs that clearly help people live longer or better, and less for those that barely move the needle, using a public benefit scale doctors already use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-mcbs-linked-pricing.md - Lay trial navigators funded per centre, evaluated in a randomised trial (idea): A trained non-clinical guide who explains trials, arranges logistics and keeps in touch could make the difference between a patient hearing about a trial and actually joining one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-lay-trial-navigators.md - Let adolescents from age 12 into adult trials when the cancer biology is the same (idea): Teenagers with cancers that are really adult cancers, like melanoma or sarcoma, are barred from adult trials by an age line at 18. Letting them in from age 12, where biology and dosing allow, would give them access years earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-age-floor-twelve-for-adult-trials.md - Let clinics contact relatives directly when a cancer gene is found (idea): When someone tests positive for a BRCA or Lynch mutation, relatives are told only if the patient passes the message on. Most do not. Letting clinics contact relatives directly, with consent, could double testing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-cascade-direct-contact-relatives.md - Let MCED trials read out on late-stage incidence, with mortality follow-up mandated (idea): Multi-cancer early detection blood tests take a decade to prove they save lives. Regulators could accept a fall in late-stage cancers as the first answer, validated against pooled data from completed screening trials, provided approval is conditional on continued mortality follow-up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mced-stage-endpoint-surrogate.md - Let non-profits and academics add a cancer indication to an off-patent drug's label (idea): Only the manufacturer can ask regulators to add a new use to a drug's label, and generic makers have no reason to. Universities and charities should be allowed to apply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-third-party-label-update.md - Let patients themselves donate their records and samples for ultra-rare cancers (idea): Patients with ultra-rare cancers are scattered across countries, beyond any single hospital's reach. Patient-driven projects that recruit online, post saliva and tumour sample kits and release data openly have already produced genomic findings in angiosarcoma; sustainability and international consent rules are the open problems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-patient-partnered-rare-commons.md - Let the trial learn: response-adaptive allocation across many combination arms (idea): As results come in, the trial sends more new patients to the arms that are working and fewer to those that are not, so more people benefit and bad arms die faster. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-bandit-allocation.md - Limit secondary patents and pay-for-delay so cancer generics arrive on time (idea): Companies extend monopolies on cancer drugs with dozens of minor patents and deals that pay generic makers to stay out. Closing these loopholes would bring cheaper versions years earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-secondary-patent-thicket-limits.md - Link bariatric and GLP-1 registries to cancer registries in every country that has both (idea): Millions of people have had weight-loss surgery or now take weight-loss drugs. Linking those records to cancer registries would show, cancer by cancer, how much reversing obesity prevents, for almost no cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-bariatric-cancer-registry-linkage.md - Link every national cancer registry to tumour genomics (idea): Join the national list of who got cancer to the genetic profile of each tumour, so we can see for the whole population which mutations matter and which drugs work for them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-registry-genomics-linkage-programme.md - Link single-cell and spatial tumour atlases to clinical outcomes (idea): The detailed molecular maps of tumours being built today mostly lack information on what happened to the patient. Require every atlas sample to carry consented outcome data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-atlas-to-outcome-linkage.md - Linked human organ chips to predict side effects before people are dosed (idea): Damage to the lungs, heart or liver is a common reason cancer drugs fail. Connected chips of human tissue may spot this earlier than animal tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-multi-organ-chip-tox.md - Linked prescribing and outcome data to find drug interactions with cancer therapy (idea): Use joined-up pharmacy and hospital records to spot when a common everyday medicine makes a cancer drug work worse or cause more harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-linked-pharmacovigilance-interactions.md - Listed companies must disclose top-line data, not just 'did not meet endpoint' (idea): When a public company announces a trial failure, it should be required to give the actual numbers, as it must for a success. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-material-failure-disclosure.md - Live guideline-concordance dashboards for every tumour board, generated from the record (idea): Hospitals rarely know what fraction of their patients got the recommended treatment. Software reading the electronic record can show each team, every month, where care deviated from guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-guideline-concordance-dashboards.md - Live tracker of the lag from first approval to real availability in every country (idea): A drug approved in the US may take five years to reach a patient in Poland or never reach Nigeria. A live public tracker would show exactly where and why it is stuck. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-approval-access-lag-tracker.md - Living guidelines published as versioned, computable rules (idea): Cancer treatment guidelines would be updated continuously and published in a form computers can read, so hospital systems, apps and decision tools update themselves the day the evidence changes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-computable-living-guidelines.md - Living plain-language evidence summaries for every common cancer question in 20 languages (idea): For each question patients actually ask, keep a short, current, sourced answer in plain words, updated as evidence changes and available in the languages people speak. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-living-plain-evidence-summaries.md - Living systematic reviews of animal and organoid evidence before every new trial (idea): Before testing a drug in people, someone should systematically gather all the animal and laboratory evidence, including the studies that failed. Almost no cancer trial does this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-preclinical-living-reviews.md - Living, machine-readable guidelines pushed to the point of care in every country (idea): Cancer treatment guidance changes constantly and takes years to reach many clinics. Make guidelines live documents that software can read, updated as evidence arrives and adapted to what each country can afford. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-living-machine-readable-guidelines.md - Locally prepared oral morphine solution, licensed for nurse prescribing (idea): Uganda makes liquid morphine from powder in a simple facility and lets trained nurses prescribe it, giving pain relief to patients that no doctor will ever reach. Other countries could copy this within a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-local-oral-morphine-production.md - Lock the biomarker cut-off before phase 3, and publish it (idea): Companies sometimes choose the biomarker threshold that makes their trial look best after seeing the data. Requiring the threshold to be fixed and published before the big trial starts prevents this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-cutpoint-lock.md - Look for the resistant sub-population before the first dose (idea): Resistance mutations often exist in a tiny fraction of cells before treatment starts. Error-corrected sequencing that detects variants below 0.01 percent allele fraction could find them at diagnosis and prompt a mechanism-matched combination from day one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-baseline-ultradeep-resistant-clones.md - Losartan to loosen the stroma of pancreatic cancer before chemotherapy: a phase 3 (idea): A cheap blood pressure drug may soften the dense scar tissue around pancreatic tumours so chemotherapy and immune cells can get in. Early trials look encouraging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-losartan-pancreatic-stroma.md - Low-cost cobalt-60 brachytherapy for cervical cancer in every regional centre (idea): Cervical cancer cannot be cured by external radiotherapy alone; it needs brachytherapy, internal radiation that LMIC radiotherapy centres frequently lack or cannot keep running because iridium-192 sources must be replaced every three months. Cobalt-60 sources last about five years and give equivalent doses, so funding cobalt units for every regional centre closes a well-understood cure gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-frugal-hdr-brachytherapy.md - Low-dose olanzapine and generic antiemetic bundles in every guideline and formulary (idea): A cheap, old antipsychotic at a low dose is one of the best anti-sickness drugs for chemotherapy. Make sure every cancer unit in the world uses it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-olanzapine-antiemetic-everywhere.md - Low-dose tamoxifen for high-risk women, prescribed by pharmacists and nurses (idea): A 5 mg tamoxifen dose halves breast cancer recurrence after precancer with far fewer side effects than the full dose. Almost nobody is prescribed it. Change who can prescribe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-low-dose-tamoxifen-uptake.md - Lung screening eligibility by risk score, not pack-years, including high-risk never-smokers (idea): Pack-year rules miss people who get lung cancer without heavy smoking, including East Asian women who never smoked, as Taiwan's TALENT study showed. Eligibility by a validated risk model with a set threshold, plus a never-smoker arm where family history matters, would find more cancers per scan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-lung-screening-risk-model-eligibility.md - Macrocyclic peptides to cover protein surfaces that pills cannot (idea): Undruggable cancer proteins such as beta-catenin, MYC and KRAS act through broad flat protein-protein interfaces that small pills cannot cover. Ring-shaped macrocyclic peptides can, some series are cell-permeable, and mRNA display can screen trillions of candidates; the proposal is a focused campaign with open publication of permeability rules. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-macrocycle-ppi-campaign.md - Make a population cancer registry a condition of every cancer aid programme (idea): You cannot fix what you cannot count. Every donor-funded cancer programme should fund and require a population-based cancer registry so results can be measured over time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-registries-as-aid-condition.md - Make a two-minute mouth cancer check part of every dental visit (idea): Dentists see the mouth more than any doctor. A standard, recorded oral cancer examination with a referral route would catch cancers earlier at almost no cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-dental-oral-exam-standard.md - Make bespoke mouse cancer models in weeks with in vivo gene editing (idea): Building a genetically engineered mouse for a specific cancer takes years. Editing genes directly in an adult mouse's organ can produce the same tumour in weeks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-somatic-crispr-gemms.md - Make cigarettes non-addictive by capping their nicotine (idea): Cigarettes with nicotine cut by 95% do not sustain addiction. A mandatory cap, which the FDA has proposed, could cut smoking dramatically. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-very-low-nicotine-mandate.md - Make clonal clearance, not tumour shrinkage, a trial endpoint (idea): A drug that shrinks a tumour by half but leaves the resistant sub-population untouched will fail. Trials should measure whether every sub-population is cleared, not just overall size. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-clonal-clearance-endpoint.md - Make early palliative care and a goals conversation part of every advanced-cancer pathway (idea): Chemotherapy in the last two weeks of life rarely helps and costs a great deal; patients who have an early conversation about what matters to them choose it less often and live at least as long. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-early-palliative-default.md - Make every cold tumour hot: a coordinated programme to reprogramme immune-excluded tumours (idea): Immunotherapy works in tumours that immune cells can enter and ignores those that shut them out. Systematically test ways to open up the shut-out tumours, measured with spatial maps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-cold-to-hot-programme.md - Make in vivo metastasis screens a required step in drug discovery (idea): Drug candidates are tested for shrinking tumours, almost never for stopping spread. A standard spread test would find anti-metastatic drugs we are throwing away. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-metastasis-screen-standard.md - Make one-week radiotherapy the default in overloaded systems (idea): Giving radiotherapy in five larger doses over one week instead of 15 to 25 smaller doses is non-inferior for cancer control and late toxicity in breast and prostate cancer, and triples the number of patients each machine can treat. The barriers are guideline inertia and payment per fraction, not hardware. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-hypofractionation-default-lmic.md - Make paediatric combination studies part of every relevant adult cancer drug approval (idea): Children's cancers are treated with combinations, but companies study new drugs in children one at a time. Approvals should require the combination study children actually need. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-paediatric-combo-prea.md - Make post-progression sampling a condition of accelerated approval (idea): Drugs approved on early evidence come with follow-up obligations. One of them should be finding out how tumours escape the new drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-approval-linked-progression-sampling.md - Make pre-approval dose optimisation an ICH standard so it is done once worldwide (idea): The FDA now asks companies to find the right dose of a cancer drug before approval. If every regulator asked the same way, companies would do it once and doses would match worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-global-dose-optimisation-guideline.md - Make six-weekly immunotherapy the default schedule (idea): Pembrolizumab 400 mg every six weeks is approved and works like 200 mg every three weeks, and it halves the number of clinic visits, infusion chairs and travel days without changing the drug bill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-extended-interval-default.md - Make skipping radiotherapy the default for very low-risk breast cancer (idea): Trials show older women with the lowest-risk breast cancers gain almost nothing from radiotherapy after lumpectomy. Yet most still get it. Track and reward omission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-omit-radiotherapy-low-risk-breast-default.md - Make sponsors justify every trial exclusion of older and multimorbid patients (idea): Most cancer patients are over 65 and a large share have other illnesses, yet trials routinely exclude them on organ function, prior cancers, HIV or brain metastases. Regulators should require sponsors to justify each exclusion, include patients with controlled comorbidities by default, drop upper age limits, and report enrolment over 75 in labels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-broad-eligibility-as-regulatory-default.md - Make the biosimilar the default at the pharmacy for trastuzumab, bevacizumab and rituximab (idea): Copies of the big antibody drugs are approved and cheaper, but uptake depends on each prescriber; letting the pharmacy substitute the biosimilar unless the oncologist objects would move most patients within a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-biosimilar-default-substitution.md - Making microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer immunotherapy-responsive (idea): Ninety-five percent of bowel cancers ignore immunotherapy. Combinations that heat the tumour up (targeted drugs, radiation, new checkpoints) are the main hope. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-immunotherapy-mss-crc.md - Mandatory interval-cancer audit for every blood-based screening test (idea): When a screening test misses a cancer, we should know. Linking every negative result to the cancer registry and publishing what was missed, by stage, should be a condition of use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-interval-cancer-audit-blood-tests.md - Mandatory machine-readable portfolio reporting for all large cancer funders (idea): Every funder that spends more than $50 million a year on cancer research would publish what it funds in a shared, coded database, so gaps and duplication can be seen across the whole system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-cross-funder-portfolio-registry.md - Mandatory national virtual tumour boards for rare and complex cancers (idea): A patient with a rare cancer treated at a small hospital should have their case reviewed by the national experts by video before treatment starts. Make that referral automatic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-national-virtual-mdt-rare-complex.md - Mandatory post-market performance reporting for cancer AI (idea): Once an AI tool is in use, its maker and the hospital would have to report regularly how it is actually performing on real patients, and the reports would be public. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-post-market-performance-reporting.md - Mandatory public reporting of vein-to-vein time and failure rate per CAR-T product (idea): Patients and doctors cannot see how long each CAR-T maker takes or how often manufacturing fails. Publishing this would create pressure to get faster and more reliable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-vein-to-vein-public-benchmark.md - Mandatory radon testing when homes are sold, with subsidised mitigation (idea): Radon gas from the ground is the second biggest cause of lung cancer. Testing every home at sale and paying for fixes in high-radon areas would prevent thousands of cases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-radon-testing-at-property-sale.md - Mandatory real-world reporting for patients excluded from pivotal trials (idea): Older, frailer and sicker patients are usually kept out of trials but make up most of those treated. Require companies to report how these patients do in practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-excluded-populations-rwe-mandate.md - Mandatory staged registries for new surgical techniques before wide adoption (idea): New operations and surgical devices spread by enthusiasm before evidence, as robotic prostatectomy, minimally invasive radical hysterectomy and HIPEC did. Every new cancer surgical technique would follow the IDEAL framework, with a prospective registry from first use, defined triggers for a randomised comparison, and payment conditional on registry participation until assessment is complete. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-device-technique-registry.md - Mandatory subgroup performance reporting for cancer AI (idea): Every AI tool would have to report how well it works for women and men, different ethnic groups, ages, scanner types and hospitals, not just an overall score. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-subgroup-performance-reporting-mandate.md - Manufacturing-change passport: one approved CMC change accepted everywhere in 30 days (idea): Changing how a cancer drug is made must be approved separately in over a hundred countries, which takes years and causes shortages. One approval should count for all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-manufacturing-change-passport.md - Map metabolic dependencies in the patient, not the dish (idea): Metabolic drugs keep failing because tumours switch fuels. Measuring what a patient's tumour actually eats, with tracers and PET, could pick the right metabolic drug for the right tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-metabolic-vulnerability-mapping.md - Map trial case report forms to the registry standard so trial and routine data join (idea): Trials and hospital records describe the same things in different languages. Publish the translation so trial patients can be followed for life in routine data and trial results compared with routine care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-trial-to-registry-bridge.md - Map which tumour clones sit next to which immune cells before choosing therapy (idea): New imaging shows where every cell type sits in a tumour slice. Using it to see which sub-populations are hidden from immune cells could explain why immunotherapy fails in parts of a tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-spatial-clone-immune-map.md - Match each blood-detected clone to the lesion it comes from on the scan (idea): Blood tests tell you which tumour sub-populations are growing; scans tell you which lesions are growing. Joining the two would tell you where to biopsy or irradiate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-clone-to-lesion-mapping.md - Match therapy to the type of scar-forming cell in the tumour (idea): The support cells that build a tumour's scaffolding come in several types: some protect the tumour, others restrain it. Treating all of them the same way explains past failures. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-caf-subtype-assignment.md - Measure and publish pain control rates in every cancer centre (idea): Hospitals publish survival and infection rates but almost never how many of their cancer patients are in uncontrolled pain. Measuring and publishing it would make pain a priority. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-pain-control-public-audit.md - Measure and treat chemo brain with objective digital cognitive testing (idea): Many people report thinking and memory problems after cancer treatment. Measure it properly with short phone-based tests and run trials of treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-cognitive-toxicity-programme.md - Measure blood levels of oral targeted drugs and adjust doses to a target range (idea): Blood levels of oral cancer pills vary several-fold between people on the same dose, so some are under-treated and others poisoned. Checking levels and adjusting the dose, as is routine for some antibiotics, could fix both. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-therapeutic-drug-monitoring-for-oral-tkis.md - Mechanically pulverise one tumour with ultrasound to wake the immune system (idea): Focused ultrasound can break a tumour apart without heat or cuts, leaving debris the immune system can learn from. Doing that to one tumour may help treat the rest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-histotripsy-immune-priming.md - Mechanistic computer models to pick combination doses before dosing patients (idea): Simulate how two drugs interact in the body and the tumour to pick a starting dose and schedule, instead of guessing from single-drug data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-qsp-combo-dosing.md - Medicines Patent Pool licences for every patented cancer drug on the WHO list (idea): Companies can license their patents to generic makers for poorer countries through a UN-backed pool, as happened for HIV. Only one cancer drug has been licensed so far; the whole essential list should be. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-patent-pool-oncology-eml.md - Menin inhibitors for infant KMT2A-rearranged ALL (idea): Infant leukaemia is driven almost entirely by KMT2A fusions, which menin inhibitors were built to attack. Add them to the new blinatumomab-containing backbone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-menin-infant-all.md - Metastasis prevention as a formal indication with its own trials and regulatory pathway (idea): Metastasis causes most cancer deaths, yet no drug is developed to stop cells spreading. Create a formal approval route for drugs that prevent metastasis, tested in people at high risk of it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-metastasis-prevention-indication.md - Micro-learning pushed to community oncologists within 30 days of a practice change (idea): When a trial changes the standard of care, every oncologist would receive a five-minute, case-based lesson within a month, rather than waiting for the next conference. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-thirty-day-practice-change-learning.md - Microbiome transplant as a routine immunotherapy adjunct (idea): Stool transplants from immunotherapy responders have rescued some non-responders in melanoma. If defined bacterial cocktails work as well, every immunotherapy patient could get one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-microbiome-io-fmt.md - Milestone prizes for first-in-class mechanisms reaching human proof of concept (idea): Pay a fixed prize, of tens of millions, to the first team to show that a completely new way of attacking cancer works in patients, so that the riskiest early bets are rewarded even before a product exists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-first-in-class-prize.md - Milestone-based venture philanthropy with royalties recycled into the pipeline (idea): Cancer charities would fund companies to hit specific development milestones, as the cystic fibrosis charity did to create Kalydeco, and take a royalty they reinvest in the next drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-milestone-venture-philanthropy.md - Minimum alcohol pricing evaluated with cancer endpoints (idea): Scotland's minimum price per unit cut alcohol deaths. Tracking alcohol-related cancer incidence over the next decade would show whether it also prevents cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-minimum-unit-pricing-cancer-endpoints.md - Mobile diagnostic units that biopsy, scan and treat on the same visit (idea): Vans equipped with ultrasound, biopsy kits, cervical screening and a link to a distant pathologist could bring a cancer diagnosis, and for cervical pre-cancer immediate treatment, to villages far from any hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-mobile-see-and-treat-units.md - Mobile research units bring trial visits to rural towns (idea): A van equipped for blood draws, ECGs, questionnaires and drug hand-over could visit rural towns on a schedule so trial participants there do not have to travel hours each cycle. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-mobile-research-units.md - Model-informed individual dosing with drug-level monitoring for every oral cancer drug (idea): People differ several-fold in how they absorb and clear cancer pills. Measure blood levels and adjust each person's dose, as is routine for some antibiotics and transplant drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-individualised-dosing-all-oral-drugs.md - Modern autopsy studies to measure how much silent cancer people carry (idea): Autopsy studies decades ago found hidden prostate, thyroid and breast cancers in people who died of other causes, but they pre-date modern pathology. Repeating them with whole-body imaging and standardised histology would measure the reservoir of harmless cancer that every overdiagnosis estimate depends on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-modern-autopsy-reservoir-studies.md - Modernised cobalt-60 machines as a deliberate bridge where linacs cannot be kept running (idea): In places where sophisticated machines break down, a modern version of the older cobalt radiotherapy unit, upgraded with image guidance, could treat more people reliably while infrastructure catches up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-modern-cobalt-bridge.md - Molecular glues that break the MYC-MAX partnership (idea): MYC is a cancer-driving transcription factor with no drug because it has no binding pocket. A molecular glue or degrader that jams its required partner MAX, or recruits an E3 ligase to the MYC-MAX interface, could switch it off; gluing disordered proteins now has precedent from cereblon-binding drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-myc-max-molecular-glue.md - Molecular indolence classifiers bundled with every screening programme (idea): Screening finds cancers that would never have caused harm alongside dangerous ones. Pair every screening test with a test that says which is which, so people with harmless findings can safely watch and wait. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-indolence-classifiers-with-screening.md - Molecular-class-directed adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer (idea): Give adjuvant treatment by the tumour's molecular class rather than by stage and grade: nothing for POLE-mutated, immunotherapy for MMRd, chemotherapy plus targeted agents for p53-abnormal, hormones for NSMP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-molecular-class-adjuvant-endometrial.md - Molecular-progression switching beyond ESR1 (idea): SERENA-6 showed you can act on a blood test before the scan changes. The same logic could apply to PIK3CA, AKT1, or HER2 mutations emerging on treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ctdna-switch-generalised.md - Monitor biomarker positivity rates across labs in real time to catch assay drift (idea): If one lab suddenly reports twice the rate of 'positive' biomarker results that other labs report, its assay has probably drifted. Pooling anonymised positivity rates by laboratory, assay and version, with automated outlier detection and case-mix adjustment, would catch reagent lot problems and protocol drift within weeks rather than at occasional proficiency runs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-positivity-rate-surveillance.md - MRD-guided transplant decisions in intermediate-risk AML (idea): Use ultra-sensitive residual-disease tests after induction to decide who really needs a transplant, sparing the rest its risks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mrd-guided-transplant-aml.md - MRD-guided treatment duration in CLL (idea): Instead of a fixed 12 or 15 months, stop each patient's therapy when their blood shows no detectable leukaemia, and restart if it returns. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mrd-guided-stop-cll.md - MRD-guided treatment-free intervals in myeloma (idea): If a patient has had no detectable myeloma for a year or more, stop maintenance and watch, restarting only if disease reappears. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mrd-guided-stop-myeloma.md - MRI surveillance replaces prophylactic cranial irradiation in SCLC (idea): Instead of irradiating every patient's brain to prevent metastases, scan regularly and treat the few who develop them with focused radiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mri-surveillance-replaces-pci.md - MRI-first prostate screening with genetic pre-selection (idea): PSA screening finds harmless prostate cancers that would never cause trouble. Selecting men by PSA plus a polygenic risk score, then MRI before any biopsy and targeted biopsy only for PI-RADS 4 to 5 lesions, finds the dangerous cancers and skips the rest; GOTEBORG-2 showed MRI-targeted biopsy halves overdiagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mri-first-prostate-screening-prs.md - mRNA-delivered MYC decoy proteins instead of MYC inhibitors (idea): A decoy protein can bind MYC's partner and block it. Delivering the instructions for that decoy as mRNA in a fat nanoparticle avoids having to inject the protein itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-omomyc-mrna.md - Multi-arm, multi-stage trials to answer which order to give approved drugs (idea): Several drugs are approved for the same cancer, but nobody tests which order works best because no company benefits from the answer. Public multi-arm trials could settle these questions efficiently. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-mams-for-sequencing-questions.md - Multi-cancer blood test as the first step for patients with non-specific symptoms (idea): People with vague symptoms such as fatigue and weight loss are worked up with repeated scans. A multi-cancer blood test as the first step in Rapid Diagnostic Centres could point to which organ to examine first, or safely reassure; SYMPLIFY showed the Galleri test has high specificity in symptomatic patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mced-non-specific-symptom-triage.md - Multi-centre randomised animal trials before committing to a human trial (idea): A drug that works in one laboratory's mice often fails elsewhere. Running the confirmatory animal study as a randomised, blinded, multi-laboratory trial, as stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research has done, would catch this before a human trial; oncology has no such standing infrastructure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-multicentre-mouse-trials.md - Multi-laboratory preclinical trials as the standard for go/no-go decisions (idea): Instead of one lab's mouse study deciding whether a drug goes to patients, several labs run the same protocol independently, like a multi-centre clinical trial for mice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-multilab-preclinical.md - Multimodal prehabilitation for older patients before major cancer surgery (idea): A few weeks of exercise, nutrition and mental preparation before a big operation helps older patients recover faster and with fewer complications. It costs little and should be routine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-prehabilitation-older-surgery.md - Mutual recognition of ethics review across countries (idea): A trial approved by a qualified ethics committee in one country would not need to repeat the full review in another; the second country would accept the first review and check only local issues. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-mutual-recognition-ethics-review.md - Mutual recognition of GMP inspections for cell, gene and radiopharmaceutical plants (idea): Factories making living or radioactive cancer medicines are inspected separately by each country. Accepting each other's inspections would free up inspectors and speed supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-mutual-recognition-inspections-atmp.md - National hub-and-spoke cancer networks with defined referral tiers (idea): Instead of one overwhelmed national cancer hospital, organise care in tiers: district hospitals diagnose and give simple treatment, regional centres give chemotherapy and surgery, and the hub handles radiotherapy and complex cases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-hub-spoke-national-networks.md - National opioid quota reform so morphine reaches cancer patients (idea): Most of the world's people who die in cancer pain have no access to morphine, a drug that costs pennies, because of restrictive national rules. Fixing the rules, not inventing new drugs, is the answer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-balanced-opioid-policy-reform.md - Neoadjuvant ADC + IO replacing anthracycline chemotherapy in TNBC (idea): Replace the toughest part of pre-surgery chemotherapy with an ADC plus immunotherapy, aiming for the same cure rate with less harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-neoadjuvant-adc-io.md - Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with surgical window for glioblastoma (idea): Give immunotherapy before surgery rather than after, so the tumour is still present to teach the immune system, then look inside it to learn what happened. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-neoadjuvant-io-glioblastoma.md - New diabetes after 50 plus weight loss triggers a pancreatic cancer check (idea): About one in a hundred people who develop diabetes after 50, more if they are losing weight, have pancreatic cancer. A simple score could send them for a scan or blood test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-new-onset-diabetes-pancreas-pathway.md - No accelerated approval for a combination without proof each part contributes (idea): Regulators should refuse to approve a two-drug combination unless there is evidence that both drugs are doing something, so patients are not exposed to useless extra toxicity and cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-contribution-of-components-mandate.md - No clinical claims for imaging-derived biomarkers without phantom and standards compliance (idea): Thousands of papers extract 'radiomic' features from scans to predict outcomes, but the features change with scanner settings. Journals should require standard compliance before any clinical claim is made. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-radiomics-ibsi-mandate.md - No mCODE, no payment: tie oncology reimbursement to a minimal structured record (idea): Hospitals would only be paid for cancer treatment if they record a small, standard set of facts (diagnosis, stage, biomarkers, treatment, outcome) in a shared format that any computer can read. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-mcode-payment-condition.md - No new trial approval until the sponsor has reported its old ones (idea): Ethics committees should check whether a sponsor has published the results of its previous finished trials before approving the next one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-irb-results-gate.md - Non-endoscopic screening for Barrett's oesophagus and early adenocarcinoma (idea): A swallowed sponge on a string can sample the oesophagus in a GP's office. Screen people with chronic reflux to catch adenocarcinoma at a curable stage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-non-endoscopic-barretts-screening.md - Non-profit, open-licence lentiviral vectors and producer cell lines for CAR-T (idea): The engineered virus that delivers the CAR gene costs tens of thousands of dollars per patient and is controlled by a few suppliers. A non-profit supplier with open licences would cut that cost sharply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-open-source-lentiviral-vectors.md - Non-viral CAR-T (transposon or CRISPR knock-in) as the default manufacturing route (idea): Putting the CAR gene into T cells without a virus removes the most expensive and delay-prone ingredient. Test whether non-viral products match viral ones. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-non-viral-cart-manufacturing.md - Nurse-led chemotherapy day units with a doctor on a screen (idea): Trained nurses following strict written protocols can safely run chemotherapy clinics for common cancers, with an oncologist available by video for decisions and problems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-nurse-led-chemotherapy-units.md - Nurse-led follow-up clinics for survivors, freeing oncologists for active treatment (idea): Most follow-up visits after successful treatment are routine. Nurse practitioners can run them well, giving survivors more time and oncologists more capacity for new patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-nurse-led-follow-up-clinics.md - Off-the-shelf KRAS vaccines after pancreatic cancer surgery (idea): Almost every pancreatic cancer shares one of a handful of KRAS mutations. A pre-made vaccine against them could be given to every patient after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-shared-kras-vaccine-adjuvant.md - Off-the-shelf natural killer cells to sweep up residual disease (idea): Donor immune cells that need no matching could be given as short courses to clear the few cancer cells left after surgery, when the target is smallest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-nk-cells-for-mrd.md - Offer everyone at 30 a test for the cancer genes that matter (idea): Most people with BRCA or Lynch mutations do not know until they get cancer. Testing everyone once for a short list of high-impact genes would find them in time to prevent it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-population-germline-screening-at-30.md - Offer HPV vaccination to women when they come for cervical screening or treatment (idea): Adult women who missed the vaccine could get it at their screening visit. Vaccination around treatment for precancer also seems to cut recurrence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpv-vaccinate-at-screening.md - Offer the blood test for bowel cancer only to people who refuse stool tests or colonoscopy (idea): Blood tests for bowel cancer miss most precancerous polyps, so they should not replace stool tests. But for the third of people who never do any screening, a blood test may beat nothing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-blood-crc-test-for-non-responders.md - Offline decision support for generalists treating common cancers in low-resource settings (idea): A phone app that works without internet and guides a general doctor or nurse through diagnosing and treating common cancers with the drugs actually available locally. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-offline-cds-lmic-generalists.md - Oncology hospital-at-home with remote monitoring for toxicity (idea): Manage fevers, dehydration and other treatment side-effects at home with visiting nurses, wearables and video, instead of admitting people to hospital wards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-oncology-hospital-at-home.md - Oncology pharmacists as protocol prescribers for supportive care and dose adjustments (idea): Let specially trained cancer pharmacists prescribe anti-sickness drugs, growth-factor support and routine dose adjustments under protocols, freeing oncologists for decisions only they can make. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-oncology-pharmacist-prescribing.md - Oncology teams order germline tests; tele-genetic counsellors handle the results (idea): There are too few genetic counsellors to see every patient who should have an inherited-risk test. Let the cancer team order the test with a short consent script, and use video counsellors for those with results that matter. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-mainstream-tele-genetic-counselling.md - Oncolytic viruses that make interleukin-12 only inside the tumour (idea): Interleukin-12 is an immune-stimulating cytokine that caused severe toxicity when injected into the bloodstream in the 1990s and was abandoned. An oncolytic herpes or adenovirus carrying the interleukin-12 gene under a drug-inducible promoter makes it only inside the tumour, keeping exposure local; trials include recurrent glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-oncolytic-regulated-il12.md - One CAR-T infusion instead of autologous transplant (idea): Replace high-dose melphalan and stem-cell rescue with a single infusion of the patient's engineered T cells after induction. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-car-t-replaces-transplant.md - One certified open-source de-identification pipeline for scans and slides (idea): Build and certify a single free tool that strips names and identifying marks from cancer scans and pathology slides, so every hospital stops writing its own. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-open-deidentification-pipeline.md - One clinical trial application accepted by regulators in every major region (idea): Starting a cancer trial in ten countries means ten applications and ten ethics reviews. One shared application and a common ethics template would start trials months sooner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-global-trial-application-portal.md - One definitive ketogenic diet trial in glioblastoma, then stop (idea): Patients with brain tumours are sold ketogenic diets on the strength of mouse data and small feasibility studies. A single adequately powered trial with dietitian support would either prove it or let clinicians say clearly that it does not work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-ketogenic-gbm-definitive-trial.md - One digital PD-L1 scale that maps across all the competing assays (idea): There are several different PD-L1 tests, each tied to a different drug, and they disagree. A single digitally calibrated scale would let any lab's result be translated into any drug's cut-off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-pdl1-digital-calibration.md - One ethics approval and one consent form for a platform trial across countries (idea): Adding a new arm to an international platform trial currently needs approval in every country again. A single, pre-agreed process would let arms open in weeks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-platform-single-ethics.md - One evidence plan agreed by regulator and payer before the pivotal trial (idea): Regulators want proof a drug works; payers want proof it is worth the price. Agreeing both requirements at once would stop drugs being approved but then not paid for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-joint-regulator-hta-plan.md - One global paediatric cancer development plan instead of separate FDA and EMA plans (idea): Companies must agree separate plans for testing new cancer drugs in children with US and European regulators. A single agreed plan would get children access sooner. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-single-paediatric-plan.md - One global rare cancer network with n-of-1 and Bayesian trial frameworks (idea): Rare cancers are collectively common but each is too rare for normal trials. Link every rare cancer patient worldwide into one network with registries and trial designs built for small numbers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-rare-cancer-global-network.md - One international registry, not one per country, for conditional approvals (idea): When a drug is approved early, each country often demands its own follow-up study. A single shared registry would answer the safety questions faster and better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-shared-postmarketing-registry-condition.md - One legal framework for pooling rare cancer data across borders (idea): Rare cancers are too uncommon for any one country to learn from alone, and national legal differences stop registries pooling records. A standing framework with a common data model, one joint controller agreement, federated queries and GA4GH access passports would let rare cancer registries in the EU, UK, US and Asia be queried as one, then extended to LMIC partners. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-cross-border-rare-cancer-pool.md - One master trial for cancer prevention drugs across many precancers (idea): Prevention drug trials run separately in each precancer and are slow. One master protocol with shared infrastructure across Barrett's oesophagus, oral leukoplakia, lung nodules and pancreatic cysts, using regression as an intermediate endpoint and adding or dropping arms adaptively, would test several drugs at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-chemoprevention-master-protocol.md - One medical physicist covering many radiotherapy machines through remote quality assurance (idea): Medical physicists, who keep radiotherapy machines accurate and safe, are in even shorter supply than oncologists in under-resourced systems. Routine linac quality assurance is now largely automated and log-file based, so one physicist could review it remotely while trained radiation therapists take the measurements, covering three to five machines once regulators define the supervision standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-remote-medical-physics-qa.md - One multiregional trial, no bridging studies: enforce ICH E17 in Japan and China (idea): Japan and China have often required extra local studies before accepting a global trial. Committing to accept well-designed global trials would bring drugs to Asian patients years earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-mrct-no-bridging.md - One national master contract and budget template for all cancer trials (idea): Contract negotiation between a hospital and a drug company often takes longer than the trial's first patient. A single pre-agreed contract and budget template, used by everyone, would cut months off opening a trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-national-master-trial-agreement.md - One open atlas of how tumours escape every drug (idea): Knowledge about how cancers become resistant is scattered across thousands of papers and company files. Pooling it into one structured, public resource would let anyone see the pattern. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-open-resistance-atlas.md - One outcome record for every donated or discounted cancer drug pack (idea): Companies and charities give or discount cancer drugs in poorer countries, but nobody records whether the patients did well. Make a simple outcome record part of every programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-access-programme-outcomes.md - One standing umbrella trial for all rare cancers in a country (idea): Rare cancers together make up a fifth of all cancers, but no single one supports its own trial, so most patients get off-label therapy with no data capture. One permanent national umbrella trial, with molecular screening for all comers and arms opened by mechanism, would give every rare cancer a route. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-rare-cancer-umbrella-platform.md - One structured global dossier: submit the cancer drug file once, to a shared cloud (idea): Companies currently reformat the same evidence for every country; a single machine-readable dossier that every regulator reads from would save years of work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-single-global-dossier.md - One-stop breast clinics: imaging, biopsy and a preliminary answer in a single visit (idea): A woman with a breast lump should be examined, scanned and biopsied on the same day, and hear the result within a few days, rather than visiting four times over two months. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-one-stop-breast-diagnostic-clinic.md - One-two punch: clear senescent cells after chemotherapy (idea): Chemotherapy leaves behind senescent cells that inflame tissues and help tumours relapse. A short course of senolytic drugs afterwards might reduce relapse and long-term side effects at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-senolytics-after-chemo.md - Only use antibodies proven to hit their target with knockout controls (idea): A large fraction of commercial research antibodies fail when tested against cells engineered to lack their target, so they do not bind what the label says. Journals and funders should require knockout-validated antibodies for the claims a paper rests on, and fund public validation of the most-used cancer targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-antibody-validation-mandate.md - Open licences for publicly funded cancer guidelines (idea): Guidelines paid for with public or charitable money would be published under an open licence so any hospital system, app or country can build them in without permission or fees. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-open-licensed-guidelines.md - Open the barrier so engineered immune cells can enter the brain (idea): Engineered immune cells given by drip rarely reach brain tumours. Briefly opening the barrier with focused ultrasound at the right moment may let them in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-fus-for-cell-entry.md - Open-source cancer registry-in-a-box for low-resource settings (idea): A registry-in-a-box would be a free, ready-to-run cancer registry system, working on phones and without constant internet, so any hospital anywhere can start counting and following its cancer patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-registry-in-a-box.md - Open-source dossier-building software for academic sponsors and generic makers (idea): Preparing a regulatory filing requires expensive specialist software and consultants. Free, open tools would let universities and small generic firms file in more countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-open-source-dossier-tools.md - Open-source drug discovery to clinical proof of concept for neglected cancers (idea): For cancers too rare or too poor to attract companies, run drug discovery in the open, the way neglected tropical diseases are tackled, and take candidates to first human trials with public money. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-open-source-oncology-drug-discovery.md - Open-source models that translate stage shift into lives saved, for every cancer (idea): Whether finding cancer earlier saves lives depends on the cancer. Public models, one per cancer, would let trials and payers predict the mortality benefit from a stage shift honestly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-open-stage-shift-microsimulation.md - Open-source protocol and statistical analysis plan templates with runnable code (idea): Every trial writes its protocol and analysis plan from scratch. A shared library of well-written templates and ready-to-run analysis code would let teams start from the best version rather than a blank page. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-open-protocol-and-sap-library.md - Open, benchmarked algorithms for lines of therapy and progression from routine data (idea): Publish the exact rules used to work out from messy hospital records which treatment a patient was on and when it stopped working, and test them all on the same data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-open-line-of-therapy-algorithms.md - Organ preservation as the default after complete response in oesophageal cancer (idea): Oesophagectomy is one of the hardest operations in surgery. If chemoradiation (with or without immunotherapy) has made the tumour disappear, skip it and watch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-organ-preservation-esophageal.md - Outcome-based annuity payments for potentially curative one-time therapies (idea): Instead of paying hundreds of thousands up front for a CAR-T or gene therapy, the health system would pay in yearly instalments that stop if the cancer comes back, so companies are paid for cures, not attempts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-pay-for-cure-annuities.md - Paid community advisory boards with power to change protocol burden (idea): Before a trial is finalised, a paid panel of patients and community members from the groups the trial needs would review it and could require changes to visit schedules, procedures and materials that would deter people like them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-paid-community-advisory-boards.md - Paid independent statistical review for preclinical papers that inform trials (idea): Clinical trials get expert statistical review; the laboratory studies that justify them usually do not. Paying statisticians to review these papers before they influence a trial would catch errors early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-paid-statistical-review.md - Paid survivor peer-navigators as a recognised health workforce role (idea): Train and pay people who have been through cancer to guide newly diagnosed patients through the system, especially where oncologists and nurses are scarce. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-peer-navigator-workforce.md - Palliative care from diagnosis for every advanced cancer, including opioid access, worldwide (idea): Palliative care given early alongside cancer treatment improves quality of life and sometimes survival, and most of the world has no access to it or to morphine. Make both universal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-palliative-care-from-diagnosis-everywhere.md - Parallel real-world cohorts for sicker patients alongside every pivotal trial (idea): Instead of excluding sicker patients entirely, trials would run a side group for them, receiving the new drug with closer monitoring, so we learn how it behaves in the people who will actually get it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-parallel-comorbidity-cohorts.md - Partial lottery funding for good proposals in under-funded cancers (idea): Once a proposal in a neglected cancer passes a quality bar, pick winners by lottery instead of by tiny differences in review scores, which mostly reflect fashion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-neglected-cancer-lottery.md - Pass 340B discounts on cancer drugs through to the patient's bill (idea): Hospitals in the 340B programme buy cancer drugs at steep discounts but usually bill patients and insurers the full price; requiring the discount to reach low-income patients would turn a hospital subsidy into patient relief. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-340b-pass-through.md - Patent term extension scaled to proven survival gain (idea): A drug that adds years of life would earn extra years of market protection; one that adds a few weeks would earn none. Extensions would be lost if the promised benefit is not confirmed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-value-based-patent-extension.md - Patent-free open-source development of repurposed and off-patent cancer drugs (idea): Fund trials of old, cheap drugs with anti-cancer signals without seeking patents, and have generic makers produce them, so cost, not profit, decides whether patients get them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-open-source-repurposing-leads.md - Pathologist assistants plus AI triage to multiply pathologist capacity (idea): Much of a pathologist's day is preparation, measuring and describing specimens. Trained assistants can do that, and AI can pre-screen slides, so each pathologist reports far more cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-pathologist-assistants-and-ai-triage.md - Pathologists order genomic profiling automatically at diagnosis of advanced cancer (idea): A substantial share of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer start first-line treatment before their biomarker results arrive, or without full testing, and so miss targeted therapy. Letting the pathologist order the full genomic panel the moment a cancer of a defined type and stage is confirmed shortens time to result and makes testing complete. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-reflex-genomic-profiling-at-diagnosis.md - Patient navigation as a legal entitlement from the day of diagnosis (idea): Every person told they have cancer gets a named navigator, by law, who helps them understand options, book appointments, find trials and deal with money and work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-navigation-as-a-right.md - Patient panels approve trial burden and endpoints as a condition of funding (idea): Before a trial is funded, patients who have had the disease sign off on how many visits, scans and blood draws it demands, and on whether the endpoints measure things that matter to them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-patient-designed-trials.md - Patient-derived organoids to pick ADC payloads (idea): Grow the patient's tumour in a dish and test which ADC payload kills it before choosing among three TROP2 ADCs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-organoid-guided-adc.md - Patient-held portable consent for reusing samples and data across studies (idea): Patients would carry a digital consent that says how their trial samples and records may be reused, so their contribution is not locked to one company or study and they decide who benefits from it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-portable-patient-consent.md - Patient-level data from failed trials becomes open by default after two years (idea): When a trial fails, the company has little commercial reason to keep the detailed data secret. Make sharing it the default rather than something researchers must beg for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-failed-trial-ipd-default.md - Patient-level multimodal foundation models for treatment selection (idea): Train one AI on scans, pathology slides, genomics and treatment outcomes pooled across patients, including completed phase 3 trials, so it can predict which treatment will work for a new patient. Pathology and radiology models already exist separately; combining them with genomic and trial outcome data is the untested step. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-multimodal-foundation-model.md - Patient-reported side-effects (PRO-CTCAE) collected and published in every registrational trial (idea): Doctors record only part of what patients suffer. Make it compulsory that patients report their own side-effects in every trial used to approve a drug, and that those data are published next to the doctor-graded ones. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-pro-ctcae-in-every-pivotal-trial.md - Patient-reported symptoms captured as standard structured data in every clinic (idea): Every cancer clinic would collect patients' own reports of symptoms and quality of life through a standard questionnaire that feeds straight into the record and into research datasets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-pro-as-structured-standard.md - Patients are told which trials they qualify for at every treatment decision, in writing (idea): At each point where treatment is chosen, software checks the patient's record against open trials and the clinician must note which were discussed, so trials stop being something only some people hear about. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-trial-eligibility-at-every-decision.md - Patients told which AI is used in their care, in plain language (idea): Every patient would be able to see which AI tools were used in their diagnosis or treatment plan, what they do, how well they work and how to question them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-patient-facing-model-cards.md - Pause a failed drug so the tumour becomes sensitive to it again (idea): Resistant cancer cells can become dependent on the drug they resisted, as shown for BRAF-inhibitor-resistant melanoma in mice. Stopping the drug for a defined washout and then rechallenging, while tracking the resistance allele in blood tumour DNA, could make the tumour vulnerable to it once more. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-drug-holiday-resensitisation.md - Pay a different price for the same cancer drug depending on the indication (idea): One immunotherapy may add years of life in one cancer and weeks in another, yet costs the same. Prices should track the benefit in each use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-indication-specific-pricing.md - Pay a flat fee for giving a Part B drug instead of 6% of its price (idea): Medicare pays clinics the drug's average sales price plus 6%, so a dearer drug earns the clinic more; replacing the percentage with a flat handling fee removes the incentive to pick the expensive option. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-asp-flat-fee.md - Pay a prize for rare cancer drugs instead of hoping for a market (idea): No company can profit from a drug for a cancer that affects a few hundred people. A guaranteed payment for success would change that calculation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-rare-cancer-prize-fund.md - Pay for a course of radiotherapy, not for each fraction (idea): One week of breast radiotherapy in five doses works as well as three weeks in fifteen, but clinics paid per dose lose money by switching; paying one price per course removes the penalty. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-hypofractionation-payment.md - Pay for cancer AI only when it has outcome evidence, then pay properly (idea): Health systems would pay for AI tools that have shown in trials that they help patients, and pay nothing for tools that have not, giving makers a reason to run the trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-reimbursement-tied-to-outcomes.md - Pay for new biomarker tests only while evidence of clinical utility is being collected (idea): Most genomic and liquid biopsy tests are reimbursed on analytical validity and association with outcome, not on proof that they improve care. Paying for new oncology biomarker tests only inside registries or randomised studies, as Medicare did for PET, would sort the useful from the useless. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-biomarker-cwe.md - Pay for one-time curative therapies as an annuity that stops at relapse (idea): A single cell therapy can cost more than a house. Paying in yearly instalments, only while the patient stays well, spreads the cost and shares the risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-annuity-payment-durable-therapies.md - Pay for radiotherapy machine uptime, not for the machine (idea): Governments and donors should buy guaranteed working hours from radiotherapy vendors, with remote monitoring and regional spare-parts depots, instead of buying machines that then sit broken. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-linac-uptime-contracts.md - Pay for residual disease tests only inside a trial or registry (idea): Leftover-cancer blood tests are being sold faster than evidence that acting on them helps. Paying for them only when the result is recorded would generate the missing evidence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-mrd-coverage-with-evidence.md - Pay for supervised exercise the way we pay for drugs (idea): A large trial showed a structured exercise programme improved survival after bowel cancer. Almost no health system pays for it, so almost no patient gets it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-exercise-reimbursement.md - Pay insurers and health systems for cancers prevented and caught early (idea): Health systems earn from treating cancer, not preventing it. Paying them for lower cancer incidence and earlier stage in their population would flip the incentive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-pay-for-prevention-outcomes.md - Pay investigators for finishing and publishing trials, not for enrolling patients (idea): Trial sites are paid per patient recruited, so nobody is paid to finish the study or report the answer. Shift part of the payment to completion and publication within a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-trial-completion-bonus.md - Pay oncologists for the time it takes to enrol a patient (idea): Discussing and enrolling a patient in a trial takes an oncologist far longer than prescribing the usual treatment, and they are not paid for it. Paying for that time would remove a quiet disincentive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-protected-physician-time-for-enrolment.md - Pay per course of radiotherapy, not per session, so short courses are not penalised (idea): Hospitals are paid for each radiotherapy session, so a proven five-session course earns less than an unproven twenty-five-session one. Paying per course removes the reason to give more treatment than needed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-course-based-radiotherapy-payment.md - Pay the same for an infusion whether it is given in a hospital or a clinic (idea): The same chemotherapy infusion costs payers and patients more in a hospital outpatient department than in a doctor's office; paying one rate would stop hospitals buying clinics to charge the higher price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-site-neutral-infusion.md - Pay trial participants for their time, not only their expenses (idea): Trial visits take hours and cost people wages. Paying a fair hourly rate for time spent beyond normal care would make trials possible for those who cannot afford unpaid days off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-pay-participants-for-time.md - Pay-for-cure contracts: instalment payments for curative therapies contingent on durable remission (idea): For very expensive one-time treatments such as CAR-T, pay in instalments over years and stop paying if the cancer comes back, so price tracks the cure actually delivered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-pay-for-cure-contracts.md - Payer-funded trials that omit surgery or radiotherapy in low-risk patients (idea): Low-risk patients often receive operations and radiotherapy they may not need, for example sentinel node biopsy in older women with favourable breast cancer or radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in genomically low-risk disease. Because no company will sponsor trials of leaving treatment out, health systems should fund them and keep the savings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-omission-deescalation-trials.md - Payers cover off-label combinations only inside registry-randomised trials (idea): Insurers already pay for off-label drug combinations that have never been randomised. Paying only when the patient joins a registry-based randomised comparison, as Medicare did for devices and the Cancer Drugs Fund did for cancer drugs, would turn that spending into evidence at no new drug cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-payer-combo-cwe.md - Payers fund cancer drugs conditionally on a registry with a pre-specified analysis (idea): When a health system pays for a new, uncertain cancer drug, it would require that every patient's outcome is recorded and that a pre-agreed analysis decides whether payment continues. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-coverage-with-evidence-development.md - Payers fund trials of cheaper, shorter or lower-dose versions of expensive treatments (idea): Health insurers and national health systems have every reason to find out whether half the dose or half the duration of a costly drug works as well. They would fund those trials directly and keep the savings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-payer-funded-pragmatic-trials.md - Payers pre-commit to cover off-label generics when a definitive trial is positive (idea): Even when a trial proves a cheap old drug helps, insurers may refuse to pay because it is not licensed for cancer. A standing promise to pay would remove that fear. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-payer-coverage-off-label-generic-commitment.md - Payers price drugs on quality-adjusted benefit, so toxicity costs the manufacturer (idea): If two drugs extend life equally but one makes patients much sicker, the health system should pay less for the sicker one. Build that into how prices are set. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-quality-adjusted-pricing.md - Payload-class switching as the rule for ADC sequencing (idea): When one ADC fails, the next should carry a different kind of poison, not just aim at a different protein. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-payload-switching.md - Perioperative beta-blocker plus COX-2 inhibitor to reduce metastasis after surgery (idea): Surgical stress releases catecholamines and prostaglandins that suppress anti-tumour immunity and help metastatic cells seed. Phase 2 trials of a five-day course of propranolol plus etodolac around breast and colorectal surgery shifted tumour markers of metastasis and immune suppression in the right direction; both drugs cost cents, and a publicly funded phase 3 is the missing step. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-perioperative-propranolol-etodolac.md - Peritoneal-directed therapy for gastric cancer (idea): Stomach cancer usually comes back on the abdominal lining, where drugs barely reach. Deliver treatment directly into the abdomen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-peritoneal-directed-gastric.md - Personalised cancer vaccines at commodity cost through fully automated manufacturing (idea): Vaccines tailored to each patient's tumour mutations are showing real benefit but cost a fortune to make. Automate the whole process so a personalised vaccine costs about as much as a course of chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-neoantigen-vaccines-at-scale.md - Personalised stool-test cut-offs by age, sex and prior results (idea): Bowel screening uses one blood-in-stool threshold for everyone. Setting it by age, sex and the person's previous results would find more cancers with the same number of colonoscopies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-fit-risk-adapted-thresholds.md - Personalised vaccines given only when the blood test turns positive (idea): Individualised mRNA cancer vaccines take weeks to manufacture and work best against minimal residual disease. Making the vaccine at surgery and giving it only when a blood tumour DNA test turns positive matches both facts and concentrates the cost on the minority who will relapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-mrd-triggered-neoantigen-vaccine.md - Pet dogs with spontaneous cancer as a bridge before human trials (idea): Dogs get cancers that closely resemble human ones, with real immune systems and years of natural history. Treating them, with owner consent, can test drugs in a way mice cannot. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-comparative-oncology-dogs.md - Pharmacist interaction check before every oral cancer-drug prescription (idea): Oral kinase inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors and hormonal agents interact with proton pump inhibitors, anticoagulants, statins and antiarrhythmics, and are increasingly prescribed to older patients taking all of them. A mandatory oncology pharmacist review at initiation, dose change and refill, with a structured monitoring plan, would catch these interactions systematically. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-pharmacist-interaction-review-oral-anticancer.md - Photobiomodulation and a taste and swallowing programme for mouth and throat toxicity (idea): Mouth ulcers and loss of taste from chemo and radiotherapy stop people eating. Low-level light therapy and structured swallowing and taste rehabilitation can help; make them standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-mucositis-taste-programme.md - Photoimmunotherapy as an in situ vaccine with PD-1 blockade (idea): Bursting tumour cells with light releases their contents to the immune system; adding immunotherapy might turn a local treatment into a body-wide one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-photoimmunotherapy-plus-pd1.md - Pick the laboratory model that matches the patient, not the one to hand (idea): Labs usually use whichever tumour models they already have. A searchable index that finds the model closest to a specific patient's tumour would make experiments more relevant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-model-patient-matching.md - Pick the radiation dose that switches the immune alarm on, not off (idea): Radiation can alert the immune system through the cGAS-STING pathway, but single doses above roughly 12 to 18 Gy switch on the enzyme TREX1, which destroys the alarm signal. Choosing fractionated schedules around 8 Gy times three for immune priming may add benefit at no extra cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-radiotherapy-sting-fractionation.md - Pivotal trials include sites in Africa, South Asia and Latin America, sponsor-funded (idea): Most of the world's cancer patients live in countries that host almost no registrational trials. Including sites there, and paying to build them up, would make results apply globally and speed local access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-lmic-sites-in-pivotal-trials.md - Plain-language trial results returned to every participant within a year (idea): If you join a cancer trial you should be told what it found, in plain words, within twelve months of the results, including if the treatment did not work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-results-back-to-participants.md - Plan the second CAR-T target before the first one is lost (idea): Cell therapies fail when the tumour stops showing the marker they were built to find. Preparing an alternative product in advance would let doctors switch quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-adaptive-car-antigen-switch.md - Platform designation for ADC linker-payloads so manufacturing data carry across (idea): Antibody-drug conjugates built on the same linker and payload, such as deruxtecan or vedotin, share the same conjugation process, payload synthesis, impurity profile and much of the toxicology. FDA, EMA and PMDA should designate these linker-payloads as platforms so a new ADC files only antibody-specific manufacturing and toxicology data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-adc-platform-designation.md - Point-of-care randomisation built into the oncology record (idea): When two accepted treatments are equally reasonable, the computer system would offer to randomise the choice and track the result, turning ordinary care into a continuous trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-point-of-care-randomisation.md - Pool every immunotherapy trial's biomarker data into one commons (idea): Dozens of trials have collected immune, genomic and imaging data on the same drugs. Nobody can analyse them together, so the answer stays hidden in fragments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-io-biomarker-data-commons.md - Pool every multi-sample tumour genome into one open evolution atlas (idea): Several big projects have sequenced the same tumours at different times and places, but their data sit apart. Bringing them together with common analysis would show general rules of how cancers evolve. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-federated-evolution-atlas.md - Pool purchasing of essential cancer medicines across countries (idea): Small countries pay more for the same generic chemotherapy because they buy alone; the PAHO Strategic Fund and the WHO essential medicines list show that buying together brings prices down and keeps supply steady. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-pooled-procurement-essential.md - Pooled coverage-with-evidence for proton therapy across all centres (idea): Proton therapy costs far more than standard radiotherapy and, for most adult cancers, nobody knows whether it is better. Payers would cover it only inside trials or registries that answer that question, across every centre at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-proton-coverage-with-evidence.md - Pooled international procurement of essential adult cancer medicines (idea): Countries buying cancer drugs alone pay more and face shortages. Buying together, as they already do for childhood cancer drugs and vaccines, cuts prices and secures supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-pooled-procurement-adult-essentials.md - Pooled procurement and voluntary licensing for essential cancer medicines in low-income countries (idea): Buy essential cancer drugs for many countries at once and license newer ones to generic makers, as was done for HIV, so prices fall to what those health systems can pay. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-pooled-procurement-licensing-pool.md - Population germline screening for hereditary cancer genes with cascade testing (idea): Most people carrying a high-risk cancer gene do not know it until someone in the family gets cancer. Offer testing to all adults so carriers can be protected before that happens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-population-germline-screening.md - Post every woman an HPV self-test kit instead of asking her to book a smear (idea): Women who never book a smear test are missed by invitation-based screening. Posting an HPV self-sampling kit as the default invitation, as the Netherlands and Australia do, reaches them, and PCR-based self-samples match clinician samples for detecting high-grade precancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpv-self-sampling-mailed-default.md - Post-marketing safety monitoring stratified by ancestry and sex, with label updates (idea): Once a drug is in wide use, real-world records could be checked routinely for whether side effects differ by ancestry or sex, since trials were too small in those groups to notice. Findings would go into the label. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-post-marketing-safety-by-ancestry-and-sex.md - Power trials to detect a benefit patients would value, not the smallest detectable one (idea): A trial can be designed to detect a tiny improvement that is statistically real but too small to matter. Protocols should state up front what size of benefit would be worth having, and be built to detect that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-power-for-meaningful-benefit.md - Pragmatic trials in patients over 75 with function, not just survival, as the primary endpoint (idea): For a frail 80-year-old, staying independent may matter more than living a few months longer. Trials designed for older patients should measure what they care about. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-pragmatic-trials-over-75-function-endpoints.md - Pre-agreed update rules so an MCED test is not obsolete when its trial reads out (idea): A cancer blood test improves every year, but a ten-year trial tests the old version. Regulators and sponsors could agree in advance how updates are validated and carried into the result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mced-change-control-plan.md - Pre-consented cohorts that can be randomised to future trials (TwiCs) (idea): Patients join a long-term cohort once and agree in advance that they may be offered new treatments as they appear, while others in the cohort serve as the comparison group. No new trial has to start from zero. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-pre-consented-cohort-randomisation.md - Pre-register animal efficacy studies like clinical trials (idea): Clinical trials must be registered before they start so that failures cannot be hidden. Animal studies used to justify human trials should follow the same rule. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-preclinical-preregistration.md - Pre-register biomarker validation studies the way trials are registered (idea): Drug trials must be registered before they start so results cannot be hidden or reshaped. Studies that claim a biomarker predicts outcome should be registered too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-biomarker-study-registry.md - Pre-registered, publicly scored AI ranking of repurposing candidates for cancer (idea): AI systems claim to find new uses for old drugs, but their predictions are rarely tested fairly. Publish their cancer predictions in advance and score them against trial results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-preregistered-ai-repurposing-scoring.md - Pre-registration and results reporting for real-world cancer studies (idea): Just as clinical trials must be registered before they start, studies using hospital data should be registered too, so the failed or unwelcome ones cannot quietly disappear. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-observational-study-registration.md - Pre-specified crossover-adjusted survival in every trial that allows crossover (idea): When control-arm patients switch to the new drug after their cancer grows, the survival comparison gets muddied. Trials should plan in advance how they will correct for this, and report both raw and corrected numbers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-crossover-adjusted-survival-standard.md - Pre-specified sample sizes for animal studies; no more 'representative' experiments (idea): Underpowered mouse experiments give exaggerated positive results and uninformative negatives, and papers often show one 'representative' result out of several attempts. Funders and journals should require a pre-specified power calculation, the number of independent repeats performed, and reporting of every repeat rather than the best one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-animal-power-mandate.md - Pre-surgery platform trials that test combinations on pathological response in months (idea): Give drug combinations before surgery and measure how much tumour remains at resection; that answer arrives in months. A standing neoadjuvant platform with a shared control arm, as I-SPY 2 runs in breast cancer, would test combinations quickly in lung, bladder, melanoma, head and neck and oesophago-gastric cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-neoadjuvant-combo-platform.md - Predict immune side-effects before they happen and pre-empt them (idea): Immunotherapy can trigger dangerous attacks on the gut, lungs or heart. Use blood, gut bacteria and genetic markers to spot who is at risk and act early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-irae-prediction-and-prevention.md - Prescribe a quarter dose of abiraterone with breakfast (idea): Taking 250 mg of abiraterone with a low-fat breakfast gives the same PSA response and testosterone suppression as the standard 1,000 mg fasting, because food increases absorption several-fold, so a quarter of the drug treats each man. The label still says fasting and no company promotes the food-effect dose, so adoption is patchy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-low-dose-abiraterone-food.md - Prevention trials aimed only at brain metastasis (idea): Some cancers reach the brain in up to a quarter of patients. Prevention trials could aim specifically at stopping that, instead of treating it once it has happened. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-brain-met-prevention-trials.md - Price a cancer drug by how well it works in each cancer (idea): A drug that adds a year of life in one cancer and six weeks in another sells at the same price for both; indication-specific prices would pay for the benefit actually delivered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-indication-based-pricing.md - Print the participation-to-prevalence ratio in every drug label and assessment report (idea): A drug's label should say plainly how well the people in its trials matched the people who get the disease: 'Black patients were 4 percent of participants and 22 percent of cases.' Doctors and patients can then judge how far to trust the result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-representativeness-in-the-label.md - Privacy-preserving linkage tokens for every cancer data holder (idea): Give each patient a scrambled code that is the same across hospitals, labs and registries, so records can be joined without anyone seeing names. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-privacy-preserving-linkage-tokens.md - Prizes for unpatentable surgical and radiotherapy techniques proven in trials (idea): Nobody can patent a better way of operating or a shorter radiotherapy schedule, so nobody is rewarded for proving one. Prizes for technique improvements shown to work in trials would fill that gap. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-technique-innovation-prize.md - PRMT5/MAT2A synthetic lethality for MTAP-deleted mesothelioma (idea): About half of mesotheliomas have lost a gene called MTAP. That loss creates a weakness that new PRMT5 inhibitors are designed to exploit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mtap-prmt5-mesothelioma.md - Project ECHO tele-mentoring for district clinicians managing cancer (idea): Project ECHO is a weekly video class where district doctors and nurses present real cases to a specialist team, learn by doing, and build a network. It worked for hepatitis C and could work for cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-echo-tele-mentoring-oncology.md - Promote academics for trials completed, data shared and findings replicated (idea): Universities and cancer centres would change how they promote scientists, giving credit for finishing trials, sharing data, replicating others' work and publishing failures, not just for papers in famous journals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-academic-promotion-reform.md - Prospective arm-volume surveillance to catch and reverse lymphoedema early (idea): Arm swelling after breast cancer surgery is common and lifelong once established, but if caught early with simple measurements and treated with a sleeve, most cases can be prevented from becoming permanent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-lymphoedema-prospective-surveillance.md - Prostate active surveillance without scheduled biopsies: MRI and blood tests decide (idea): Men on active surveillance for prostate cancer have repeat biopsies every year or two, a burden that drives some towards surgery. Triggering biopsy only when MRI, PSA density or new markers change, tested against scheduled biopsy in a 2,000-man non-inferiority trial, could be just as safe with far fewer biopsies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-prostate-as-triggered-biopsy.md - Protect hearing from cisplatin in adults as we now do in children (idea): Cisplatin causes permanent hearing loss. A cheap drug, sodium thiosulfate, protects children; test and roll it out for adults too. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-hearing-protection-cisplatin.md - Protect the gut flora of patients about to start immunotherapy (idea): Antibiotics given in the weeks before immunotherapy are linked to much worse results. A simple stewardship rule could preserve benefit at no cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-antibiotic-stewardship-io.md - Prove the cell line is what you say it is, or the paper does not run (idea): A troubling share of published cancer experiments use cell lines that are contaminated or mislabelled. Requiring a simple identity check before publication would stop this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-model-authentication-mandate.md - Prove your cell lines are what you say they are, or the paper is not published (idea): A large share of cancer research has been done on cells that were mislabelled or contaminated. A cheap DNA fingerprint test can prove identity; journals and funders should require it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-cell-line-authentication-mandate.md - Provisional prices for surrogate-endpoint approvals, reset when survival data arrive (idea): Drugs approved on early signs of benefit are paid for as if they had proved they extend life. Pay a provisional price and adjust it, up or down, when the survival data come in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-provisional-price-until-os.md - PSMA-PET-guided metastasis-directed therapy as a curative strategy in oligorecurrent prostate cancer (idea): When PSMA PET finds only a few spots after surgery, zap each spot with focused radiation and delay or avoid lifelong hormone therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-psma-pet-guided-mdt.md - Public cell-therapy foundries at cancer centres for academics and start-ups (idea): Building a cell-therapy factory costs tens of millions, so most good academic ideas never reach patients. Shared public facilities would give them a route to the clinic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-public-cell-therapy-foundries.md - Public co-investment in first-in-class phase 1 with a royalty return (idea): A public investment fund would match private money in the riskiest early trials of truly new cancer drugs, taking a small share of future royalties so that taxpayers gain when the bets pay off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-sovereign-first-in-class-coinvestment.md - Public country dashboards for the three WHO breast cancer targets (idea): The WHO set three simple goals for breast cancer: most cancers found early, diagnosis within 60 days, and most patients finishing treatment. Every country should publish how it is doing on each, every year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-gbci-country-dashboards.md - Public data-quality scorecards for every cancer centre (idea): Publish a simple report card showing how complete, timely and standard each hospital's cancer data are, so poor recording becomes visible and fixable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-quality-scorecards.md - Public gold-standard datasets for validating every cancer biomarker test (idea): Anyone building a new test for HER2, PD-L1 or tumour DNA should be able to check it against the same public reference set. Today each developer validates on private data nobody can inspect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-open-cdx-validation-sets.md - Public payers cover academic CAR-T at cost as a benchmark for commercial prices (idea): Hospitals in Spain make their own CAR-T for a third of the commercial price. Paying for such products at cost gives health systems a lever in negotiating with companies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-academic-cart-at-cost-coverage.md - Public post-mortem reports when a cancer drug programme is stopped (idea): When an aeroplane crashes, an independent report explains why so it does not happen again. When a cancer drug programme is abandoned, nothing is written. Change that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-termination-reports.md - Public procurement clauses banning data export fees and lock-in (idea): Hospitals buying cancer software with public money would be required to include contract terms guaranteeing free, standard data export and no penalties for switching. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-procurement-open-api-clauses.md - Public reference standards and potency assays for CAR-T so every lab measures alike (idea): There is no agreed ruler for measuring how strong a CAR-T product is. Shared reference materials would let hospitals, companies and regulators compare products fairly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-cart-potency-reference-standards.md - Public risk-adjusted outcome reporting for cancer surgery to drive centralisation (idea): Where you have your cancer operation strongly affects whether you survive it. Publishing each hospital's adjusted results would push complex surgery towards the centres that do it well. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-surgical-outcomes-public-reporting.md - Public-option manufacturing for essential generic cancer drugs in shortage (idea): Cheap, essential chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin keep running short because there is little profit in making them. A publicly-backed non-profit manufacturer would guarantee supply at a fair price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-public-option-generic-oncology.md - Public-sector CAR-T manufacturing in India, Brazil and South Africa under $50,000 (idea): India has shown CAR-T can be made for a tenth of the US price. Public production in large middle-income countries could make it available to millions who are currently excluded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-lmic-public-cart-manufacturing.md - Publicly funded cancer AI must release open weights and model cards (idea): If public or charity money paid to build a cancer AI model, the model itself (not just a paper about it) must be released so others can test, improve and use it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-open-weights-for-public-funded-ai.md - Publicly funded dose-reduction trials of expensive approved drugs (idea): Some expensive approved cancer drugs probably work as well at lower doses, as reduced-dose abiraterone with food and extended-interval checkpoint inhibitors suggest. Companies will not test this, so payers should fund randomised non-inferiority trials prioritised by spend and pharmacology, and use the results in reimbursement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-public-dose-reduction-trials-of-approved-drugs.md - Publicly funded trials of lower and less frequent doses of expensive cancer drugs (idea): Abiraterone at a quarter dose with food matches full-dose exposure, and pembrolizumab and nivolumab can be given at longer intervals, but no manufacturer will fund trials that cut its own revenue. A public 'value trials' fund would run non-inferiority trials of lower doses and longer intervals for the highest-spend cancer drugs, with payers committing to adopt positive results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-public-deescalation-trials-for-cost.md - Publish each laboratory's biomarker proficiency results (idea): Labs already get tested on whether they score biomarkers correctly, but the results are private. Publishing them would let hospitals and patients avoid labs that get it wrong. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-eqa-public-results.md - Publish every complete response letter and negative opinion across all regulators (idea): When a regulator rejects a cancer drug, the reasons are usually secret. Publishing them everywhere would stop other countries and companies repeating the same mistakes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-publish-all-rejections.md - Publish per-patient trial cost benchmarks and target halving them (idea): Nobody knows what a cancer trial should cost because budgets are secret. Publishing anonymised cost per patient by trial type would expose waste and let funders set targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-public-trial-cost-benchmarks.md - Publish the disagreement between trial doctors and independent reviewers for every trial (idea): Trials often have independent radiologists check whether tumours grew. How often they disagree with the treating doctors is a measure of how trustworthy the result is, and it is rarely published. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-bicr-discordance-public.md - Publish why patients were screened out of each trial (idea): Trials record why each screened patient did not join, but that data is never shared. Publishing it would show which rules block the most people and which are pointless. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-public-screen-fail-reasons.md - Push residual disease detection a hundredfold deeper with whole-genome methods (idea): Current blood tests for leftover cancer track a few dozen mutations and miss low-level disease. Whole-genome and error-corrected methods integrate signal across thousands of tumour-specific sites plus methylation and fragment features, reaching detection near one part per million in research settings; cost, turnaround and reproducibility are the barriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-whole-genome-mrd-depth.md - Put cytisine, a cheap plant-based quit-smoking pill, on every essential medicines list (idea): Cytisine costs a few dollars per course and works about as well as varenicline, but is unavailable in most countries. Global approval and procurement would make quitting affordable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-cytisine-essential-medicine.md - Put the essential palliative care package into every universal health coverage benefit list (idea): The Lancet Commission defined a cheap basic package of drugs, equipment and staff for palliative care. Countries expanding health coverage should include it as a guaranteed benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-essential-palliative-package-in-uhc.md - Qualify a physical function endpoint so anti-wasting drugs can be approved (idea): Regulators are unsure what to accept as proof that an anti-wasting drug helps. Agreeing on a simple measure such as stair climbing would unblock the whole field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-cachexia-function-endpoint.md - Qualify one iPSC master cell bank once for many off-the-shelf cell products (idea): Cell therapies made from a single stem cell line could be produced in bulk. Regulators should let companies certify the parent cell line once rather than repeating it for every product. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-ipsc-master-bank-qualified-once.md - Qualify PSMA PET tumour volume as a validated imaging biomarker (idea): PSMA scans could measure prostate cancer burden and response far better than PSA, but no one has done the standardisation work to make the measurement trustworthy across scanners. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-psma-volume-qualification.md - Quality-adjusted survival reported in every trial publication and label (idea): Report how long patients lived well, not only how long they lived. Methods exist (Q-TWiST) but are rarely used. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-quality-adjusted-survival-standard.md - Quantitative patient preference studies set the benefit-risk bar before phase 3 (idea): Before a big trial starts, ask hundreds of patients how much extra survival they would trade for a given side-effect, so the trial is designed to test something patients would actually want. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-preference-studies-before-phase3.md - Question prompt lists sent to patients before every major consultation (idea): Before a results or treatment-planning appointment, patients receive a list of good questions to ask, tailored to their situation, and can tick the ones they want covered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-question-prompt-lists.md - Radiotherapy for everyone who needs it by 2040 (idea): Half of cancer patients need radiotherapy and most of the world cannot get it. Commit to low-cost machines, automated planning and trained staff so that access is universal by 2040. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-radiotherapy-for-everyone-2040.md - Random audits of published, funded research, like tax audits (idea): Funders should randomly select a small fraction of the papers they paid for and check the raw data, analysis and records, with public results. The possibility of an audit changes behaviour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-random-audit.md - Randomise a cheap antihistamine alongside immunotherapy (idea): Patients who happened to take common allergy pills during immunotherapy seemed to live longer in a large records study. A simple randomised trial would show whether the pills really help. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-antihistamine-plus-io-trial.md - Randomise at least two doses in phase 2 before any pivotal trial (idea): Cancer drugs are usually tested at the highest dose patients can stand, and that dose sticks for life. Comparing two or more doses head-to-head before the big trial would find doses that work as well with fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-randomised-dose-comparison-before-pivotal.md - Randomise inside the cancer registry: registry-based trials for everyday questions (idea): National cancer registries already collect the outcome data. Adding a randomisation button lets doctors compare two standard treatments across thousands of patients at a fraction of the usual cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-registry-embedded-randomisation.md - Randomise inside the registry that already follows every patient (idea): Rare cancer patients are already tracked in registries. Offering randomisation inside the registry makes trials far cheaper and lets almost anyone take part. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-registry-embedded-randomisation.md - Randomise the next line of treatment before the first one fails (idea): Trials usually study one treatment at a time, so nobody knows the best order. Deciding the next step in advance, by lottery, answers the sequencing question at little extra cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-pre-randomised-sequencing-trials.md - Randomised lower-dose trials for approved drugs with quality of life as the primary endpoint (idea): Many cancer drugs are approved at the highest dose patients could stand, not the best dose. Run trials that test lower doses on approved drugs and measure how patients feel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-post-approval-dose-deescalation.md - Randomised trials of how to spread proven cancer treatments, not just what works (idea): Fund proper trials of the methods used to get new evidence into practice (training, reminders, feedback, incentives), measured by whether patients actually receive the better treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-implementation-trials-programme.md - Randomised trials of stopping immunotherapy after one year versus continuing (idea): Immunotherapy is often given for two years or until it stops working, but responses can last long after stopping. Trials that randomly assign responders to stop or continue would show whether the extra year is needed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-immunotherapy-stop-trials.md - Randomised trials to test whether biomarker-negative patients really do not benefit (idea): Patients are denied a drug when a test says they will not benefit, but that restriction is usually inferred from enrichment trials rather than tested. For high-stakes markers with weak evidence in the negative group, such as PD-L1 and HER2 0, randomised trials in biomarker-negative patients should test the assumption itself. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-biomarker-negative-arms.md - Rapid diagnostic centres for people with vague but worrying symptoms (idea): Weight loss, fatigue and unexplained pain do not point to one organ, so patients bounce between specialists. A single clinic that investigates such symptoms quickly finds cancers that would otherwise be found late. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-rapid-diagnostic-centres-vague-symptoms.md - RAS(ON) inhibitors to convert unresectable pancreatic cancer to resectable (idea): If daraxonrasib shrinks metastatic tumours this well, use it before surgery to make more locally advanced tumours operable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-ras-inhibitor-neoadjuvant-pdac.md - Re-map the tumour's surface proteins before choosing the next antibody drug (idea): Antibody drugs need their target to still be present. After one fails, checking which surface markers remain would guide the choice of the next one instead of guessing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-antigen-mapping-at-progression.md - Re-test the metastasis, not the old primary, before every change of treatment (idea): Treatment is often chosen from a biopsy taken years earlier from the original tumour. The spread disease may now look different. Test it again before switching drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-rebiopsy-before-switch.md - Read muscle loss automatically from scans patients already have (idea): Every staging scan contains a precise measure of muscle mass that nobody looks at. Software could report it automatically and flag patients heading for wasting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-ai-sarcopenia-from-ct.md - Read the spinal fluid to track brain tumours without opening the skull (idea): Fluid taken from the lower back contains DNA from brain tumours. Testing it can diagnose, monitor and detect resistance without brain surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-csf-ctdna-monitoring.md - Real-time guideline-concordance feedback for every cancer centre (idea): Show each hospital, every month, how often its patients received the recommended treatment, compared with peers, so gaps are seen and closed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-guideline-concordance-dashboards.md - Real-time margin assessment and image-guided surgery as the global standard (idea): Surgeons often cannot see where a tumour ends. Fluorescent dyes and AI-read imaging in the operating theatre can show them, cutting repeat operations. Make this routine everywhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-image-guided-surgery-everywhere.md - Real-world dose intensity and toxicity monitoring to revise labelled doses (idea): Track how much of each cancer drug patients actually receive and how often they need to reduce it, and use that to change the official dose when the label is too high. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-real-world-dose-intensity.md - Reassess cancer drug prices at three years using real-world outcomes (idea): Set the price of a new cancer drug provisionally, then adjust it up or down after three years depending on how well patients actually did. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-outcome-based-price-reassessment.md - Reciprocal recognition of tumour-agnostic and rare-indication approvals across regulators (idea): When a trusted regulator approves a cancer drug for a rare genetic target, other countries should recognise that approval within months instead of repeating years of review. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-reciprocal-tumour-agnostic-approvals.md - Record and publish the symptom-to-diagnosis interval for every cancer, by hospital (idea): How long people wait between first noticing something wrong and being diagnosed is barely measured. Recording it routinely and publishing it by hospital would expose where the system loses time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-diagnostic-interval-public-registry.md - Record how long tissue waited before fixation in every pathology report (idea): How a tissue sample is handled before it reaches the lab changes the results of biomarker tests. That handling time is almost never recorded, so nobody can tell a true negative from a spoiled sample. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-preanalytics-in-report.md - Record what happens when doctors use cancer drugs off-label (idea): Cancer drugs are often prescribed outside their approved use based on hope or small studies. Capturing outcomes of these uses would reveal which ones fail so they can be stopped. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-off-label-outcome-registry.md - Recorded, AI-summarised consultations given to patients by default (idea): Every cancer consultation is recorded with consent and the patient receives the audio plus a checked written summary of what was said and decided. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-recorded-consultations.md - Recover legacy radium-226 sources worldwide as the feedstock for actinium-225 (idea): Thousands of old radium sources sit in hospital and industrial storage. They are exactly the raw material needed to make actinium-225, the scarcest cancer isotope. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-legacy-radium-recovery-ac225.md - Red-team programmes that attack cancer AI before patients do (idea): Pay independent experts to try to break cancer AI tools with unusual images, rare cases, bad scans and data shifts, and publish what breaks them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-red-team-programme.md - Reduce the dose once the cancer responds: response-adapted de-escalation trials (idea): The dose needed to shrink a tumour may be higher than the dose needed to keep it from growing back. Trials that lower the dose once a response is achieved could reduce long-term side effects without losing control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-response-adapted-dose-reduction.md - Reference materials and open proficiency testing for residual disease tests (idea): Different companies' leftover-cancer blood tests disagree, and there is no shared yardstick. Public reference samples would let anyone check which test actually works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-mrd-reference-standards.md - Regional cyclotron hubs for actinium-225 with an agreed actinium-227 impurity limit (idea): Actinium-225 can be made in particle accelerators, but the product contains a trace of a long-lived impurity that regulators have not agreed how to handle. Settle the limit and build the hubs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-ac225-accelerator-pharmacopoeia.md - Regional radiopharmacy hubs and harmonised transport rules for short-lived isotopes (idea): Radioactive cancer drugs decay while they travel and get stuck at borders. Regional production and simpler transport rules would get more doses to patients on time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-regional-radiopharmacy-hubs.md - Regional training hubs that produce oncologists, physicists and radiographers in-region (idea): Rather than sending a handful of trainees to Europe or America, build a few large training centres in Africa and South Asia that train the whole team together, with local case mix and local costs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-regional-oncology-training-hubs.md - Regional translational institutes with academic GMP suites and IND teams (idea): Build a handful of publicly-funded centres where academic discoveries can be manufactured to clinical grade and written up for regulators, so good ideas do not die for lack of a factory and a filing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-translational-institutes-gmp.md - Regionally delivered mesothelin CAR-T with PD-1 blockade (idea): Deliver engineered T cells directly into the chest cavity where mesothelioma grows, and give immunotherapy to keep them working. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-mesothelin-car-t-regional.md - Registered reports for cancer biology: the plan is peer-reviewed before the result (idea): Journals agree to publish a study based on the quality of the question and plan, before anyone knows the answer. That removes the pressure to make results look positive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-preclinical-registered-reports.md - Registry-based randomised MCED trial: a million people, no study visits (idea): Randomise people through the national health system, post the blood kit, and read cancer deaths off the registry. That is ten times cheaper per participant than a classic trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mced-registry-randomised.md - Registry-based randomised trials for oncology comparative effectiveness (idea): Use the cancer registry itself as the trial machine: randomise patients at diagnosis, then let the registry collect the outcomes for a fraction of the usual cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-registry-based-rcts.md - Registry-embedded randomisation of treatment order in routine care (idea): When two approved drugs are both reasonable next steps and nobody knows which should come first, let the clinic flip a coin and record what happens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-pragmatic-sequence-randomisation.md - Regulators accept shrinking of precancer as the endpoint for prevention drug approval (idea): Few companies develop cancer prevention drugs because trials take decades. If regulators accepted validated precancer endpoints, as they do cholesterol for heart disease, industry would return. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-precursor-endpoints-for-approval.md - Regulators recognise each other's companion diagnostic approvals (idea): A test approved to select patients for a drug in the US must go through separate approval in Europe, Japan and elsewhere, delaying the drug. Accepting each other's test approvals would fix the delay. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-cdx-mutual-recognition.md - Remote consent and tele-screening so the first trial visit is a video call (idea): Much of trial screening is paperwork, questions and reviewing scans that already exist. Doing this by video and electronic consent before any travel would let patients decide without a wasted trip. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-remote-consent-tele-screening.md - Remove blanket exclusions for mental illness and dementia; support consent instead (idea): People with serious mental illness or dementia are routinely excluded from cancer trials by vague compliance clauses, though they get cancer just as often and do worse. Replacing those clauses with assessable criteria, and funding supported consent and accommodations such as longer visits, would let them take part. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-disability-and-mental-illness-inclusion.md - Remove the fallopian tubes during any pelvic surgery once childbearing is finished (idea): Most ovarian cancers start in the fallopian tubes. Removing the tubes at hysterectomy, or instead of tying them, as British Columbia has done, appears to prevent ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-opportunistic-salpingectomy-default.md - Replace fixed kidney and liver cut-offs with drug-specific, pharmacology-based thresholds (idea): Most trials copy the same kidney and liver cut-offs, such as creatinine clearance above 60, regardless of how the drug is cleared. Setting each threshold from the drug's own clearance route and organ-impairment pharmacokinetic studies would let patients with mild organ impairment join safely instead of being excluded. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-pk-informed-organ-thresholds.md - Replace six-monthly ultrasound with a blood test for liver cancer in cirrhosis (idea): People with cirrhosis are meant to have ultrasound scans twice a year, but most do not. A blood test done with their routine liver bloods could catch liver cancer earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hcc-blood-surveillance-cirrhosis.md - Report time toxicity, the days a treatment consumes, in every trial and decision aid (idea): Alongside how many months a treatment adds, patients should be told how many days it takes from them in clinics, infusions, scans and recovery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-time-toxicity-reporting.md - Report time toxicity, the days spent in healthcare, as a standard outcome for older patients (idea): A treatment that adds two months of life but takes up most of those days in hospitals and clinics may not be worth it to an older patient. Trials should report how many days treatment consumes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-time-toxicity-reporting.md - Reprogramme suppressive macrophages instead of trying to delete them (idea): Tumours fill with immune cells that protect them. Earlier drugs tried to remove those cells and failed. Newer ones aim to switch them to the attacking side. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-trem2-myeloid-reprogramming.md - Reprogramme the liver's own immune cells to refuse metastases (idea): The liver is where bowel cancer most often spreads. Drugs delivered straight into the liver's blood supply could retrain its resident immune cells to reject arriving cancer cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-liver-niche-kupffer-reprogramming.md - Require a randomised phase 2 before any phase 3 (idea): Phase 3 trials are often launched on a small single-arm response-rate study with no comparison group, and most then fail. Requiring a randomised phase 2 with a concurrent control first, with exceptions only for large effects in refractory settings, would filter out weak drugs earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-randomised-phase-2-before-phase-3.md - Require every oncology candidate to publish how much reaches the brain (idea): Whether a drug gets into the brain is measured early in development but rarely published. Making that number public would show which existing drugs could treat brain disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-brain-exposure-disclosure.md - Require genetic and target-trial evidence before funding any repurposing phase 3 (idea): The big metformin cancer trial failed after years and millions, despite strong observational hints. Cheaper checks on causality should be passed before funding the next one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-evidence-gate-before-repurposing-phase3.md - Require head-to-head trials against the best in class for later entrants (idea): Once two drugs of a kind exist, a third should have to prove itself against the best of them, not against an outdated comparison, so patients and payers learn which is actually better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-head-to-head-mandate.md - Require post-approval evidence in patients over 75 and update labels accordingly (idea): New cancer drugs are approved on trials of younger, fitter patients, then given mostly to older ones. Regulators should require real-world safety and benefit data in the over-75s and put it on the label. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-post-approval-evidence-over-75.md - Require stage-shift or interval-cancer endpoints for AI in cancer screening (idea): AI for screening should be judged on whether it finds dangerous cancers earlier and misses fewer, not just on whether it agrees with radiologists on old images. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-screening-endpoints.md - Rescue the biological samples from failed trials for biomarker research (idea): Trials that fail still collected thousands of blood and tissue samples. Instead of being destroyed, they should be pooled so scientists can learn who might have benefited. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-failed-trial-biobank.md - Restore weight-based dosing and vial sharing for immunotherapy in the label (idea): Immunotherapy is given as one flat dose regardless of body size, which means smaller patients get more than they need. Dosing by weight would save a fifth of the drug at no cost to patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-weight-based-io-dosing-label.md - Retention packages so trained oncology staff stay: bonds, top-ups, working equipment (idea): Radiation oncologists and physicists from poorer countries who train abroad commonly emigrate, and money alone does not keep them. A package combining a return-of-service bond, salary top-ups, a guarantee of working equipment, academic links and a predictable career path, co-funded by government and donors, should be trialled with five-year retention measured. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-retention-packages-oncology.md - Retire the 3+3: model-based dose finding that counts late and chronic side effects (idea): The traditional way of finding a dose looks only at severe side effects in the first month. Modern statistical designs can use all patients' data and count the grumbling, long-lasting problems that make people quit months later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-model-based-dose-finding-with-late-toxicity.md - Ring-fence a fifth of national cancer research money for metastasis (idea): Spread causes around nine in ten cancer deaths but receives a small slice of research funding. A funding floor would change what gets studied. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-metastasis-funding-floor.md - Risk-stratified follow-up: low-risk survivors to primary care with fast re-entry (idea): Not every survivor needs to see an oncologist every six months for years. Sort people by recurrence risk, send low-risk survivors back to their family doctor with a clear plan, and guarantee rapid return if something changes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-risk-stratified-follow-up.md - Risk-stratified lifelong care for tens of millions of survivors, automated and shared with primary care (idea): Cancer survivors are a huge and growing population with specific long-term risks. Give each a plan matched to their risk, run automatically and shared with their family doctor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-survivor-lifelong-care-model.md - Robot-placed catheters and live imaging for drug infusion into brain tumours (idea): Pumping drugs slowly through fine tubes into a brain tumour can bypass the barrier, but the fluid often leaks away. Robotic placement and live scans would show where it actually goes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-robotic-convection-delivery.md - Roll out AI-supported mammography nationally as a stepped-wedge trial (idea): Sweden's MASAI trial showed AI can safely replace one of two radiologists. Rolling it out region by region in a randomised order would prove it works at national scale and that interval cancers do not rise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mammography-ai-stepped-wedge.md - Rotate between drugs on a fixed schedule instead of waiting for failure (idea): Hospitals rotate antibiotics to stop bacteria adapting. Cycling between two cancer drugs on a set schedule, rather than using one until it fails, might work the same way. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-alternating-schedules.md - Round-the-clock remote treatment-planning hubs for clinics without physicists (idea): Hospitals without enough physicists could upload scans to a shared planning centre, where AI drafts the treatment plan and remote experts finish and check it within a day. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-remote-planning-hubs.md - Rules for retiring cancer AI when performance drops or the standard of care moves (idea): Just as drugs are withdrawn when they prove unsafe, AI tools should have clear triggers for being switched off, and someone responsible for pulling the switch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-ai-decommissioning-rules.md - Run automated statistics and image checks on every cancer manuscript before review (idea): Software can already spot impossible statistics, mismatched p-values and duplicated images in a paper. Journals should run these checks on every submission, as spell-check runs on every document. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-automated-stats-check.md - Run the mouse or organoid trial at the same time as the human trial (idea): Instead of testing a drug in lab models first and hoping the results carry over, build the same models from trial participants and run both experiments in parallel to see how well the models predict. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-co-clinical-avatar-trials.md - Same-day HPV test and heat treatment of precancer by nurses in low-income settings (idea): Where women cannot return for results, test for HPV and treat any precancer the same day with a battery-powered heat probe. This is the fastest route to WHO's cervical elimination target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpv-same-day-screen-and-treat.md - Scale up public drug development that takes academic assets to phase 1 (idea): The US government already runs a small programme that turns academic cancer discoveries into drugs ready for human trials. Scale it up tenfold and copy it in other countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-national-drug-development-office.md - Scoop protection and co-publication norms to reduce academic secrecy (idea): Scientists hide results for fear of being beaten to publication. If journals and funders guaranteed that a preprinted finding cannot be scooped, and encouraged rival groups to publish side by side, sharing would become safe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-scoop-protection-policy.md - Score every model system on how well it predicted real trial results (idea): No one keeps score of which laboratory models actually predicted what happened in patients. A public scoreboard would show which models to trust. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-model-predictivity-benchmark.md - Score every preclinical model by how often it predicted the clinical result (idea): For each type of laboratory model, keep a public record of how often its predictions came true in patients, so that researchers know which models to trust for which question. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-model-report-cards.md - Screen every cancer patient for financial toxicity as a vital sign, with navigation (idea): Cancer costs push patients into debt and make them skip treatment. Asking about money at every visit, and having someone to help, catches this before it does harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-financial-toxicity-vital-sign.md - Screen every patient for financial hardship at diagnosis and connect them to help (idea): Cancer often ruins families financially, and money worries make people skip treatment. Ask about finances at the first visit, as routinely as asking about allergies, and route people to assistance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-financial-toxicity-screening-at-diagnosis.md - Screen every patient for financial toxicity at diagnosis and refer like any other symptom (idea): Ask about money problems with a short validated questionnaire when treatment starts, and route those at risk to financial navigators before bills cause missed doses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-financial-toxicity-screening.md - Screen every patient for money trouble the way we screen for pain (idea): People with cancer are far more likely to go bankrupt than people without, and the ones who do have worse survival; a two-question screen at diagnosis plus a financial navigator catches the problem while it can still be fixed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-financial-toxicity-screening.md - Screen glue-like compounds against every cancer cell line and publish it (idea): Molecular glue degraders make one protein destroy another, but thalidomide analogues and indisulam were found by luck. A systematic screen of chemical libraries against genetically diverse cancer cell lines, published as an open atlas, would map which of the roughly 600 human E3 ligases can be redirected and against which targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-glue-degrader-atlas.md - Seamless phase 2/3 with pre-registered go rules as the default for new agents (idea): Instead of stopping after the mid-sized trial, waiting a year, then starting the big one, run them as one study with a clear pre-agreed rule for continuing. This saves a year or more per drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-seamless-2-3-with-prespecified-go.md - Select cachexia trial patients by the hormone driving their wasting (idea): Wasting has several causes. Measuring the specific hormone in each patient's blood would put the right patients into the right trial instead of mixing everyone together. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-gdf15-stratified-enrolment.md - Select patients for cell therapy by whether their tumour holds reactive T cells (idea): Growing a patient's own tumour-fighting cells only works if those cells are there to start with. A test for them would spare futile treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-til-reactivity-selection.md - Self-driving laboratories that run the cancer biology hypothesis loop autonomously (idea): Robotic labs guided by AI that design experiments on tumour models, run them, read the results and design the next ones, around the clock, with every result published openly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-self-driving-cancer-labs.md - Send screening invitations with a pre-booked time, not a request to call (idea): Uptake rises when the invitation comes with a booked appointment and text reminders. Make that the default in every screening programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-screening-default-appointments.md - Send the code to the data: a federated analytics network of cancer centres (idea): Hospitals keep their records at home; researchers send in a programme that runs at each hospital and only the summary results come back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-federated-analytics-network.md - Sequence folate-receptor ADCs by payload class (idea): Three FRα ADCs carry different poisons (tubulin, hemiasterlin, topoisomerase). Use them in sequence rather than treating them as interchangeable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fra-adc-sequencing-ovarian.md - Sequencing HER2 ADCs by payload after T-DXd (idea): When Enhertu stops working, the next ADC should probably carry a different kind of payload, such as the tubulin inhibitors in Kadcyla or ARX788, rather than another topoisomerase drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-her2-adc-sequencing-payload.md - Sequential multiple-assignment randomised trials to find the best order of ADCs (idea): Patients are randomised at each decision point, not just at the start, so one trial can compare whole treatment sequences rather than single drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-smart-sequencing-adc.md - Sequestered, prospectively collected benchmark datasets that no one can train on (idea): Keep test datasets locked away and collect them going forward, so AI claims are checked on data the developers have never seen and could not have memorised. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-sequestered-prospective-benchmarks.md - Set aside 3% of grant budgets to replicate findings before translation (idea): Before spending millions to turn a lab finding into a drug, spend a little to have an independent lab check it is real. Funders would reserve a small slice of money for exactly this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-replication-set-aside.md - Set each woman's mammogram interval from her last mammogram, using AI risk (idea): Instead of every woman every two or three years, an AI reading of the current mammogram would set who comes back in one year and who can safely wait four. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-ai-mammogram-risk-intervals.md - Set trial enrolment targets from who actually gets the disease, and publish progress live (idea): Each trial would set its target mix of patients from cancer registry data on who gets that cancer, by age, sex and ethnicity, and show a public running tally so gaps are visible while there is still time to fix them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-incidence-weighted-enrolment-targets.md - Sexual health assessed and treated as a standard toxicity domain (idea): Cancer treatment often damages sexual function and intimacy, and almost nobody asks. Make it a routine question with a clinic to refer to. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-sexual-health-as-toxicity-domain.md - Share vials and round doses to stop throwing away expensive drug (idea): Weight-based doses rarely match vial sizes, so the leftover is discarded and still billed; closed-system vial sharing and rounding doses to the nearest vial within 10% eliminate most of that waste. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-vial-sharing-dose-rounding.md - Shared concurrent control arms across sponsors' trials in the same setting (idea): When five companies each run a trial against the same standard treatment in the same patients, let them pool the standard-treatment patients so fewer people are randomised to the old drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-shared-control-network.md - Shared modular GMP facilities for academic personalised vaccines and cell products (idea): Personalised cancer vaccines and cell therapies need a manufacturing run for each patient, and universities cannot afford their own plants. Regional closed, automated, modular GMP facilities offering slots to academic trials at cost, with common release testing and a shared quality system, modelled on the UK Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult centre, would let academic groups run these trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-shared-personalised-therapy-gmp.md - Shared reference organoid and PDX panels that every lab can test against (idea): If every lab had access to the same set of well-characterised tumour models, results could be compared directly instead of each lab using its own private models. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-reference-model-panels.md - Shared splice-derived neoantigens as off-the-shelf vaccine targets (idea): Mutations in the RNA splicing genes SF3B1, SRSF2 and U2AF1 produce the same mis-spliced proteins in patient after patient with MDS, CLL or uveal melanoma. If fragments of those proteins are displayed on common HLA molecules and seen by T cells, one off-the-shelf vaccine or TCR-T therapy could serve every SF3B1-mutant patient instead of being built per person. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-splice-neoantigens.md - Shorter exclusivity for later-in-class drugs without added benefit (idea): The fifth PD-1 antibody that is no better than the first should not get the same market protection as the first. Exclusivity would shrink for copies that add nothing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-benefit-indexed-exclusivity.md - Shorter venetoclax courses in unfit AML (idea): Give venetoclax for 7 or 14 days per cycle instead of 28 to cut infections and low blood counts without losing the benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-shortened-venetoclax.md - Simulate each hospital's cancer pathway as a queue to find and remove the waits (idea): Hospitals rarely know which step, the scanner, the biopsy, the pathologist or the clinic slot, is causing the queue. Modelling the pathway like a factory line shows where a small change would remove weeks of waiting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-pathway-capacity-simulation.md - Simulate eligibility against real-world data before every protocol is locked (idea): Before a trial is finalised, run its entry rules against records of real patients with that cancer and report what fraction would qualify. If it is under half, explain why. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-eligibility-impact-statement.md - Single-dose HPV vaccination plus HPV self-sampling to reach WHO elimination in low-income countries (idea): One shot for girls and a mail-in swab for women could hit the WHO 90-70-90 targets at a fraction of the cost of the traditional three-dose, clinic-based model. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-single-dose-hpv-self-sampling-elimination.md - Single-fraction radiotherapy as the default for painful bone metastases (idea): Randomised trials and meta-analyses show a single 8 Gy radiotherapy session relieves pain from uncomplicated bone metastases as well as ten sessions, with a higher retreatment rate, yet habit and per-fraction payment keep most patients on the longer course. Making one session the default, with an opt-out justification and payment neutrality, would spare patients trips and free machines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-single-fraction-palliative-radiotherapy-default.md - Slide scanners in district hospitals wired to pathologists anywhere (idea): In much of Africa and South Asia there is about one pathologist per million people, so the pathologist, not the tissue sample, is the diagnostic bottleneck. A slide scanner in each district lab, routing images to a pooled roster of pathologists including diaspora volunteers, could give a diagnosis in days instead of months; the gap is scale and financing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-telepathology-district-network.md - Slow the tumour's mutation engine with APOBEC inhibitors during targeted therapy (idea): Subsets of lung, bladder and breast cancers carry raised APOBEC enzyme activity that keeps generating new mutations, feeding resistance. Blocking APOBEC3 alongside a targeted drug aims not to kill cells but to slow the rate at which resistant variants arise; the inhibitors are still in discovery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-apobec-inhibitor-adjunct.md - Small grants that pay scientists to write up abandoned projects (idea): Failed projects are not published because nobody has the time. Paying for a few months of writing would recover years of otherwise lost work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-writeup-grants.md - Small molecules that cut the RNA message of an undruggable oncogene (idea): If the protein cannot be drugged, target the message that makes it. Small molecules can now recognise folded shapes in RNA and recruit an enzyme that chops it up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-rna-targeting-small-molecules.md - SMART designs to test treatment strategies, not just single drugs (idea): Real treatment is a series of decisions: start with this, switch to that if it fails. Sequential multiple-assignment randomised trials test whole strategies by randomising patients again at each decision point. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-smart-designs-for-adaptive-strategies.md - Smart scales and health records flag unexplained weight loss for a cancer check (idea): Losing weight without trying is one of the strongest signs of hidden cancer, but it is rarely measured. Automatic alerts from recorded weights could prompt a check-up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-weight-loss-auto-alert.md - Smoke-free generation laws with a built-in evaluation across countries (idea): Banning tobacco sales to anyone born after a set year, as the UK is doing, could end smoking within a generation. Adopting countries should coordinate evaluation so the evidence is undeniable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-smokefree-generation-evaluation.md - Social impact bonds for cancer prevention, repaid from avoided treatment costs (idea): Investors would fund vaccination and screening campaigns up front and be repaid by health systems only if the campaigns hit verified targets, turning future savings into money for prevention now. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-social-impact-bonds-prevention.md - Social impact bonds that fund biosimilar switching, repaid from payer savings (idea): Hospitals often lack the staff to switch patients to cheaper equivalent drugs. Private investors could fund the switching teams and be repaid by the health system from the money saved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-social-impact-bond-switching.md - Soften the tissue that new metastases need in order to grow (idea): Cancer cells need stiff, cross-linked tissue scaffolding to settle and grow in a new organ. Blocking the enzymes that build it may stop new colonies taking hold. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-matrix-stiffness-prevention.md - Solar microgrids so radiotherapy, pathology and drug fridges never lose power (idea): Cancer units in poorer countries lose treatment days, spoil drugs and damage machines during power cuts. Solar panels with batteries sized for the cancer unit would remove that failure point. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-solar-microgrids-for-cancer-units.md - Sponsors deposit the confirmatory trial budget in escrow at accelerated approval (idea): To get an early approval, a company would set aside the money for the follow-up trial up front, so the trial cannot be quietly abandoned. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-confirmatory-trial-escrow.md - SSTR antagonist radioligands to increase tumour dose (idea): Radioligand therapy for neuroendocrine tumours built on somatostatin receptor antagonists rather than the agonists used today: antagonists bind the receptor in every state and are not internalised, so they occupy several times more sites per cell and deliver more radiation per dose. The test is a randomised phase 2 against agonist lutetium therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-net-antagonist-ligands.md - Standards for external control arms built from federated real-world data (idea): When a trial has no comparison group, the comparison is sometimes built from old patient records. Set rules for how that is done so the answer is not rigged. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-external-control-arm-standard.md - Standards for spatial and multiplex tissue biomarkers before they reach the clinic (idea): New microscopes can measure dozens of proteins at once and map where immune cells sit in a tumour. These readouts could predict immunotherapy response, but every lab does it differently. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-spatial-biomarker-standards.md - Standing reflex biomarker panels per tumour type, run without an oncologist's order (idea): For each cancer type, agree the set of stains and tests that are always needed, and have the lab run them automatically on diagnosis rather than waiting for someone to ask. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-reflex-biomarker-panels-by-tumour.md - Start low and step up: individualised titration of oral cancer drugs, randomised (idea): Instead of starting everyone on the full dose and cutting back after side effects, start lower and increase in patients who tolerate it. This keeps more people on treatment and is how blood-pressure drugs are given. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-start-low-titrate-up-oral-agents.md - Starve MYC-driven tumours by blocking protein production machinery (idea): Cancers driven by MYC need to make proteins at an unusually fast rate. Slowing the cell's protein factory hits them harder than it hits normal cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-translation-dependency-myc.md - Starve the survivors: target the energy pathway drug-tolerant cells switch to (idea): Cells that survive treatment often change how they make energy, relying on burning fat rather than sugar. Blocking that switch might finish them off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-persister-metabolic-vulnerability.md - Stomach cancer serology screening for high-risk migrant communities in low-incidence countries (idea): People who grew up in East Asia, Eastern Europe or Latin America keep a high stomach cancer risk after migrating. Cheap blood tests could select who needs an endoscopy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-gastric-serology-migrant-screening.md - Stop biopsying small thyroid nodules and never screen the thyroid (idea): South Korea's thyroid cancer rate rose 15-fold after ultrasound screening, with no fall in deaths. A firm rule not to biopsy nodules under 1 cm, and not to screen, would prevent this harm elsewhere. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-thyroid-no-screening-no-small-biopsy.md - Stop excluding brain metastases from cancer trials (idea): One in five people with advanced cancer has brain spread, yet most trials refuse them. Requiring brain cohorts would give those patients evidence instead of guesswork. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-cns-cohort-mandate.md - Stop excluding people with a prior cancer, controlled HIV, or treated hepatitis (idea): Having had another cancer years ago, or living with controlled HIV or treated hepatitis, still keeps patients out of trials for no scientific reason. Condition-specific rules, as FDA guidance recommended in 2020, would replace blanket bans and widen access in communities where these conditions are more common. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-prior-cancer-hiv-hepatitis-inclusion.md - Stop failing trials earlier with pre-registered aggressive futility rules (idea): Large phase 3 trials often continue for years after interim data show the drug is unlikely to work. Pre-registering futility boundaries at 30 to 50 percent of the information, judged by independent committees and reported publicly, would stop them earlier, sparing patients and freeing money for better ideas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-aggressive-futility-boundaries.md - Stop over-excluding people who could become pregnant; study pregnancy exposure (idea): Trials often impose heavy contraception rules and exclude anyone pregnant or breastfeeding, even when the drug is unlikely to be harmful. Sensible, evidence-based rules and pregnancy registries would include more young women and produce data they currently lack. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-include-pregnancy-capable-people-sensibly.md - Stop routine endoscopies for non-dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus (idea): People with Barrett's oesophagus without dysplasia have endoscopies every few years, but the BOSS trial found no survival benefit. Redirecting effort to those with dysplasia would save harm and cost. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-barrett-surveillance-deescalation.md - Stop screening by life expectancy, not birthday, with a tool in the record (idea): Screening someone unlikely to live ten years causes harm without benefit. A life-expectancy estimate in the medical record could stop invitations and prompt a conversation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-screening-stop-by-life-expectancy.md - Stop watching stable low-risk pancreatic cysts after five years (idea): Small pancreatic cysts turn up on abdominal scans and are then followed for life. Low-risk cysts under 2 cm that are unchanged at five years rarely turn to cancer in Japanese and US cohorts, so a randomised trial of stopping surveillance would test whether years of scans can be spared. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-ipmn-surveillance-stop-rule.md - Store adult-onset cancer gene results from newborn genomes and disclose at 18 (idea): Newborn sequencing programmes exclude adult cancer genes because babies cannot consent. Storing those results and offering them at 18 would preserve choice and give a lifetime of prevention. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-deferred-disclosure-newborn-genomes.md - Stream trial data to regulators as it accrues; review starts at last patient visit (idea): Instead of waiting months for a company to package trial results, regulators would see the data flow in during the trial and could decide within weeks of it ending. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-realtime-streaming-submission.md - Strip the platelet coat off travelling tumour cells in ctDNA-positive patients (idea): Cancer cells in the blood wrap themselves in platelets as camouflage. Aspirin may remove that cloak, and it is cheapest to test in the patients at highest risk of relapse. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-platelet-cloak-aspirin-mrd.md - Structured deprescribing review at cancer diagnosis and again at transition to palliative care (idea): Older cancer patients often take ten or more medicines, some of which no longer help and may interact with cancer treatment. A pharmacist review to stop unnecessary ones, at diagnosis and when goals change, would reduce harm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-structured-deprescribing-at-diagnosis.md - Structured exercise prescribed like a drug in all curative-intent cancer care (idea): The CHALLENGE trial showed a supervised exercise programme improves survival in colon cancer. Extend it to breast, prostate, and lung cancer with the same rigour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-exercise-as-adjuvant.md - Structured mentorship so district general surgeons perform common cancer operations safely (idea): Surgery cures more cancers than any other treatment, but most district hospitals refer everything to a distant centre. Train and mentor general surgeons to do common cancer operations well, with specialists checking results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-district-surgeon-oncology-mentorship.md - Structured, coded radiology reports for cancer response instead of free text (idea): Radiologists would record tumour measurements and response in tick-box, coded form rather than prose, so progression is machine-readable across every scan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-structured-radiology-response.md - Subscribable alerts when the standard of care changes for a patient's situation (idea): Doctors and patients could subscribe to a specific cancer, stage and biomarker and be told, with sources, the moment the recommended treatment changes for that situation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-standard-of-care-change-alerts.md - Subscription pricing for checkpoint inhibitors: fixed national fee, unlimited use (idea): Instead of paying per dose, a country would pay a fixed annual fee and treat every eligible patient with immunotherapy. This has worked for hepatitis C drugs and antibiotics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-io-subscription-national.md - Subtype-directed therapy for SCLC (ASCL1 / NEUROD1 / POU2F3 / inflamed) (idea): Small-cell lung cancer is at least four diseases under the microscope's uniform appearance. Treat each by its transcription-factor subtype. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-sclc-subtype-directed.md - Survivorship care plans generated automatically from the treatment record (idea): Every patient finishing treatment should get a clear document listing what they had, what to watch for, and when to be checked. Software can write it from the record so it actually happens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-auto-generated-survivorship-plans.md - Switch drugs at maximum response, not at relapse (idea): Species go extinct when a second disaster hits a population already shrunk by a first one. Apply the same logic: hit the tumour with a different kind of drug when it is smallest, rather than waiting for it to grow back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-first-strike-second-strike.md - Switch every country to single-dose HPV vaccination and add catch-up to age 26 (idea): One dose of HPV vaccine protects as well as two or three. Halving the doses frees supply to vaccinate far more girls, boys and young adults. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hpv-single-dose-switch-catchup.md - Switch off an undruggable oncogene permanently with epigenetic editing (idea): Instead of blocking a cancer protein, add a chemical off-switch to its gene so the cell stops making it. Early versions of this tool are being tested in other diseases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-epigenetic-silencing-in-vivo.md - Systemic-first management of HER2-positive brain metastases (idea): With Enhertu and tucatinib controlling brain metastases in most patients, radiation could be reserved for those who do not respond, sparing cognitive side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cns-first-adc-strategy.md - Tailored screening for second cancers in survivors with known high-risk exposures (idea): Survivors who had chest radiotherapy as young women, or certain chemotherapies, have much higher risks of specific second cancers. They should be screened like people with inherited risk, and today most are not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-tailored-second-cancer-screening.md - Take faecal transplant plus immunotherapy to a definitive trial (idea): Transferring gut bacteria from patients who responded to immunotherapy has helped some patients who had stopped responding. It is time for a proper large trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-fmt-plus-checkpoint-phase3.md - Take lung screening scanners to supermarket car parks in the poorest areas (idea): People most at risk of lung cancer are least likely to attend hospital screening. Manchester showed mobile scanners in car parks reach them. Make this the default model. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-mobile-lung-screening-deprived-areas.md - Take the blood test, and give the drug, at the right time of day (idea): Cancer cells enter the blood mostly during rest, so a morning blood test may miss them. Sampling and dosing at the right hour may be a free improvement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-circadian-mrd-sampling.md - TCR therapeutics for non-HLA-A*02 patients (idea): Today's T-cell-receptor drugs only work for people with one tissue type. Building versions for the other common types would roughly double who can be treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prame-tcr-beyond-a02.md - Ten-year awards for scientists who commit to one hard problem (idea): Give a small number of scientists a decade of guaranteed funding to work on a single hard problem such as dormant cancer cells, with no pressure to publish quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-ten-year-hard-problem-awards.md - Test a high-fibre diet as an immunotherapy adjunct (idea): People who eat more fibre appear to respond better to immunotherapy, while some probiotic supplements may do the opposite. A proper trial would settle it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-fibre-diet-io-trial.md - Test alternating drug schedules against giving both drugs at once (idea): Two drugs might work better given in turns rather than together, with less toxicity. Almost no trial has tested this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-alternating-vs-concurrent.md - Test cancer drugs in old and unhealthy animals, not just young fit ones (idea): Most cancer patients are older and have other illnesses, but nearly all animal experiments use young healthy mice. Results may not transfer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-aged-comorbid-models.md - Test DPYD, UGT1A1 and TPMT/NUDT15 before the first dose, everywhere (idea): A cheap gene test for DPYD, UGT1A1 and TPMT or NUDT15 before fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan or thiopurines identifies people at risk of severe or fatal toxicity so their dose can be lowered. The EMA has recommended DPD testing since 2020; US uptake remains partial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-pre-emptive-pharmacogenomic-testing.md - Test drugs on freshly cut slices of the patient's own tumour (idea): A thin slice of a tumour, kept alive for a few days, still contains the immune cells and scaffolding that lab-grown cells lose. Drugs can be tested on it directly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-tumour-slice-cultures.md - Test drugs on the patient's own cancer cells when there is no trial to join (idea): For rare cancers there is often no genetic clue and no trial to join. Testing drugs directly on the patient's fresh tumour cells has guided treatment with reported benefit in a randomised haematology study and in paediatric case series; turnaround and tissue quality are the barriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-functional-precision-rare.md - Test every possible mutation in every cancer gene so no result is 'uncertain' (idea): Genetic testing often returns a variant of uncertain significance that cannot be acted on, most often in people of non-European ancestry. Saturation genome editing has already classified nearly all BRCA1 single-nucleotide variants; a consortium doing the same for the roughly 30 actionable hereditary cancer genes would end most uncertain results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-vus-saturation-editing-consortium.md - Test flat versus weight-based dosing of antibodies, and use dose banding to cut waste (idea): Monoclonal antibodies and ADCs have moved from weight-based to flat dosing on modelling alone, which is convenient but gives lighter patients relatively more drug. Randomised or pharmacokinetic comparisons, plus rounding doses to vial sizes where exposure is equivalent, could keep effectiveness while cutting cost and waste. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-weight-based-vs-flat-dosing-trials.md - Test intermittent dosing of targeted drugs to delay resistance, with honest priors (idea): Giving a targeted drug in pulses rather than continuously might slow the emergence of resistant cells and reduce side effects. Early results are mixed, so this needs careful trials with clear rules for when to try it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-intermittent-dosing-to-delay-resistance.md - Test one-tenth-dose immunotherapy where the full dose is unaffordable (idea): A randomised trial at Tata Memorial added nivolumab at 20 mg every three weeks, about one-twelfth of the standard dose, to cheap metronomic chemotherapy for head and neck cancer patients who could not afford full-dose immunotherapy, and they lived longer. Checkpoint inhibitors saturate their target far below approved doses, so publicly funded trials should test low doses in common cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-low-dose-immunotherapy-trials.md - Test protein and resistance training during immunotherapy (idea): Muscle is an immune organ as well as a movement organ. Building it during immunotherapy might improve how well the treatment works, not just how patients feel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-protein-plus-training-during-io.md - Test the drug in biomarker-negative patients too, so the biomarker can be validated (idea): Trials that only enrol patients with a positive biomarker can never prove the biomarker matters. Including a smaller biomarker-negative group would show whether the test is really needed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-marker-stratified-default.md - Test whether calling Gleason 6 'not cancer' changes what men choose (idea): Gleason 6 prostate lesions do not metastasise. A trial could show whether describing them without the word cancer leads more men to choose monitoring. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-gleason6-terminology-rct.md - The pathology lab triggers a trial referral the day a rare cancer is diagnosed (idea): The pathologist is the first person to know a cancer is rare or has a targetable marker. A rule in the lab system could notify a trial team at that moment, before treatment decisions close the window. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-pathology-triggered-referral.md - Three years of indication-specific exclusivity for proving a new cancer use of an old drug (idea): Nobody funds trials of old drugs because competitors can sell the result for free. A short exclusive period for the new use, like the one given for children's studies, would change that. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-new-indication-exclusivity-off-patent.md - Tie coverage and copays to the ESMO benefit scale (idea): Oncology has two respected scales that grade how much a drug helps in each indication; payers could set low copays for high-grade uses and require a conversation for low-grade ones instead of blanket prior authorisation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-value-scale-in-coverage.md - Tie WHO essential-medicines listing to a published tiered price and supply pledge (idea): When a cancer drug is added to the WHO essential medicines list, the maker should publicly commit to a low price and reliable supply for poorer countries, or the listing is withheld. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-eml-listing-price-commitments.md - TIL-based omission of chemotherapy in stage I TNBC (idea): Small triple-negative tumours packed with immune cells almost never come back. The idea is to skip chemotherapy for those patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-til-guided-deescalation.md - Time immunotherapy to the moment targeted drugs make tumours visible (idea): Targeted drugs briefly make cancer cells easier for the immune system to spot. Giving immunotherapy exactly in that window, rather than at the same time, may work better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-immunopeptidome-timing.md - Time to treatment failure and quality of life as co-primary endpoints in non-curative trials (idea): For treatments that will not cure, what matters is how long the treatment keeps working without becoming unbearable, and how the person feels. Trials should measure both of those as their main results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-ttf-and-qol-coprimary.md - Time-stamped electronic lab notebooks submitted with the paper (idea): Electronic notebooks record when each experiment was done and what the raw result was. Submitting them with the paper would show whether the analysis was planned or fitted after the fact. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-timestamped-eln.md - Tolerability as a co-primary endpoint with its own label claim (idea): New cancer drugs should have to prove not only that they extend life but how they affect how people feel and function, with that result printed in the label like efficacy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-toxicity-first-endpoints.md - Top journals require an independent lab to reproduce key findings before publication (idea): For the biggest claims, journals would require that a second, independent laboratory repeated the central experiment before the paper is accepted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-two-lab-rule.md - Total-body PET for personalised radioligand dosing (idea): Ultra-sensitive whole-body scanners can measure exactly where a radioactive drug goes at tiny tracer doses, allowing each patient's therapeutic dose to be tailored. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-total-body-pet-dosimetry.md - Toxicity-management decision support for nurses and pharmacists (idea): Give the nurses and pharmacists who take patients' calls a tool that walks them through recognising and managing side effects of modern cancer drugs, including when to escalate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-toxicity-cds-for-nurses.md - Track clones in blood with methylation patterns instead of mutations (idea): Tumour DNA in blood can be told apart by chemical marks as well as mutations. Marks are more numerous and cheaper to read, so they could track more sub-populations for less money. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-methylation-clone-tracking.md - Train and fund oncology clinicians as public content creators (idea): Give oncologists and cancer nurses the training, time and production support to reach people where they actually get information, on social video and podcasts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-clinician-creator-programme.md - Train every oncology team in serious-illness conversations and prompt them in the record (idea): Patients with advanced cancer often never have a clear conversation about what to expect and what matters to them. A structured conversation guide, taught to clinicians and prompted by the record, makes these talks happen earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-serious-illness-conversation-prompts.md - Train the bone marrow to make better anti-tumour immune cells (idea): Certain vaccines and fungal sugars reprogramme the bone marrow so it produces more aggressive immune cells for months. That could be used before immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-trained-immunity-priming.md - Trained moderators with evidence tools in online patient communities (idea): Online patient groups are where much cancer advice is exchanged. Fund and train moderators, with quick access to reliable evidence, to keep those spaces accurate and kind. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-patient-community-moderators.md - Transferable priority vouchers for first-in-class drugs, with price conditions (idea): Reward companies that deliver a genuinely new kind of cancer drug with a sellable voucher for faster review of another product, but only if they agree to fair pricing and global access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-conditional-transferable-voucher.md - Transparent cost-plus pricing for every oral oncology generic (idea): Generic imatinib and abiraterone can cost patients hundreds of dollars a month through insurance yet be sold at cost plus a fixed markup by transparent pharmacies; making that the default channel for oral cancer generics would save patients and plans money. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-transparent-generic-pricing.md - Transplant-free Ph-positive ALL for MRD-negative adults (idea): If a pill plus immunotherapy makes the leukaemia undetectable, can most adults safely skip a bone-marrow transplant? https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-transplant-free-ph-all.md - Travel, lodging and meals reimbursed as a standard line in every trial budget (idea): People should not have to pay to be in a trial. Sponsors would routinely cover travel, hotel and food costs, paid up front rather than claimed back, which is already accepted by regulators as fair rather than coercive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-travel-lodging-in-every-budget.md - Treat brain metastases as a disease with its own trials programme (idea): A fifth of patients with solid tumours develop brain metastases and are usually excluded from trials. This would fund a programme that studies and treats them as a disease in their own right. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-brain-metastases-programme.md - Treat cachexia as a disease: GDF-15 blockade plus anabolic and nutrition bundles (idea): The wasting that kills many cancer patients has had no effective drug. New antibodies against GDF-15 restored weight in early trials. Combine them with exercise and nutrition and test properly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-cachexia-as-treatable-disease.md - Treat cachexia before it starts (idea): Cachexia, the muscle wasting driven partly by the hormone GDF-15, kills cancer patients and stops chemotherapy being completed, and late muscle loss is largely irreversible. Ponsegromab, an anti-GDF-15 antibody, reversed weight loss in established cachexia in 2024; the next test is a phase 3 giving it from first-line chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer to prevent wasting rather than treat it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cachexia-gdf15-prevention.md - Treat everyone with chronic hepatitis B to prevent liver cancer (idea): Hepatitis B causes most liver cancer worldwide, and generic tenofovir suppresses it for under 30 dollars a year. Treating everyone infected, not just those with liver damage, as WHO's 2024 guidelines allow, would cut liver cancer incidence because viral load predicts it and antivirals reduce it in cirrhotics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-hbv-treat-all-hcc.md - Treat immunotherapy side-effects without wiping out the response (idea): Immune side-effects are usually treated with high-dose steroids, which may also switch off the anti-cancer response. Targeted alternatives may control the side-effect and keep the benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-steroid-sparing-irae.md - Treat insomnia in survivors and measure whether the cancer notices (idea): Insomnia therapy works well for cancer survivors and is barely offered. A trial that fixes sleep and then follows recurrence would test whether restoring the body clock changes the disease as well as the symptom. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-nl-sleep-circadian-survivorship-rct.md - Treat resistance like an infectious disease and run national surveillance (idea): Countries track how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics and publish it. Doing the same for cancer drugs would show which escape routes are becoming common and where. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-real-world-resistance-surveillance.md - Treat the body cavity, not the bloodstream, for surface spread (idea): Intracavitary immunotherapy targets cancer that coats the lining of the abdomen or chest, which drugs given by drip barely reach. Delivering it straight into the cavity gives far higher local doses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-intracavitary-immunotherapy.md - Treat the draining lymph node before removing it (idea): The first lymph node cancer reaches is also where the immune system learns to fight it. Injecting immunotherapy into that node before surgery, instead of removing it blindly, may work better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-lymph-node-immune-priming.md - Treat trial enrolment as a cost lever: the sponsor pays for the drug (idea): In a clinical trial the experimental drug is free to the patient and the payer, and since 2022 Medicaid must cover routine trial costs like Medicare and private plans do; pointing more patients to trials lowers bills as well as advancing science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-trial-enrolment-cost-lever.md - Treat wasting like sepsis: a trigger, a bundle, an audit (idea): Hospitals have fast, standard responses to sepsis and heart attacks. Cancer wasting has no such pathway, so it is noticed late and treated inconsistently. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-cachexia-pathway-code.md - Trial matching inside the electronic record at the moment a treatment is chosen (idea): When an oncologist opens the order screen to prescribe a new line of treatment, the record would show the trials this patient may fit, with the nearest open site and a one-click referral. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-ehr-point-of-care-trial-alert.md - Trial-in-a-box: a preconfigured protocol kit any hospital can open for a rare cancer (idea): For rare cancers, the patient is often at a hospital that has no trial. A ready-made kit with the protocol, consent forms, database and shipping already set up would let that hospital enrol them within days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-rare-cancer-trial-in-a-box.md - Trials of low-cost opioid alternatives where morphine supply is unreliable (idea): When morphine is unavailable, patients get nothing. Some cheap alternatives, such as methadone or tramadol, may work for cancer pain but have not been properly tested in these settings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-methadone-and-alternatives-where-morphine-fails.md - Trials of structured cognitive rehabilitation for cancer-related cognitive impairment (idea): A substantial minority of survivors report foggy thinking and memory problems for years after chemotherapy, limiting work and daily life, and no funded service exists for it. Small trials of computerised cognitive training, strategy training and exercise show benefit; a definitive multi-arm trial with a functional endpoint would establish or refute a treatable condition. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-cognitive-rehabilitation-after-chemotherapy.md - TROP2 PET to choose and sequence TROP2 ADCs (idea): Use a whole-body TROP2 scan instead of a single tissue stain to decide which patients get a TROP2 ADC, which one, and when to switch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-trop2-pet-selection.md - Tumour-on-a-chip with blood flow to test whether big drugs actually get in (idea): Large drugs such as antibody-drug conjugates must cross vessel walls and travel through dense tissue. A chip with flowing channels and human tissue can measure how far they get. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-tumour-on-chip-penetration.md - Turn a brake back on: drugs that reactivate the PP2A phosphatase (idea): Cells have an enzyme, PP2A, that removes the growth signals cancer relies on. Cancers switch it off. Drugs that switch it back on are an unusual and largely untried approach. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-pp2a-activators.md - Turn chromosomal chaos into a weakness with KIF18A inhibitors (idea): Chromosomally unstable, often whole-genome-doubled tumours survive constant chromosome mistakes by depending on the motor protein KIF18A, which diploid cells do not need. Blocking it kills unstable cancer cells while sparing normal ones; inhibitors are in early trials in ovarian and other cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-cin-vulnerability-kif18a.md - Turn off the error-prone repair that manufactures resistance mutations (idea): Under treatment stress, cancer cells switch on sloppy DNA copying that generates the mutations they need to survive. Blocking that machinery could stop resistance being invented. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-mutagenesis-blockade-rev1.md - Turn one tumour into a vaccine to treat all the others (idea): Injecting immune-activating agents into a single tumour, plus a small dose of radiation, can teach the immune system to attack tumours elsewhere in the body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-in-situ-vaccination-solid.md - Turn Project Orbis into a work-sharing review with one shared assessment report (idea): Regulators in several countries already look at the same cancer drug dossier at the same time. Let them split the work and write one report instead of six. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-orbis-work-sharing.md - Turn the map of immune cells inside a tumour into a standardised test (idea): Whether immune cells are next to cancer cells matters more than how many there are. Turning that spatial picture into a reliable, standardised test would predict response better. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-spatial-signature-cdx.md - Two-day CAR-T manufacture paired with rapid release tests that regulators accept (idea): CAR-T can now be made in a day or two, but the safety tests to release it still take two weeks. Faster tests would let patients be treated within days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-two-day-cart-rapid-release.md - Two-page plain-language consent with teach-back for every cancer trial and treatment (idea): Replace 30-page consent forms with a short plain summary the patient explains back in their own words before signing, so consent means understanding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-plain-language-consent.md - Two-target antibody drugs to close the antigen escape route (idea): If a drug relies on one marker, the tumour can survive by dropping it. A drug that recognises two markers at once makes that escape harder. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-dual-antigen-adc-escape.md - Two-week pre-operative windows to compare combination biology head to head (idea): Give patients a short course of one of several drug pairs in the gap before surgery and compare what happened inside the tumours. It is the fastest human test of whether a combination does anything. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-window-of-opportunity-triplets.md - Two-year translational fellowships that pay scientists to develop their own discovery (idea): Postdocs who make a translatable discovery usually leave it behind when their contract ends. A two-year fellowship with salary, a project budget of $250,000 to $500,000 and mentors from drug development, regulation and the clinic would pay them to turn it into a candidate drug, diagnostic or device, with the option to license it or found a company. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-translational-fellowships.md - Ultrasound restraint and surveillance to reverse thyroid cancer overdiagnosis (idea): Most thyroid cancers found today would never have hurt anyone. Screen less, watch small ones, and operate only when they grow. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-thyroid-overdiagnosis-reversal.md - Ultrasound-assisted blood test instead of a brain biopsy (idea): Brain tumours release little DNA into blood because of the blood-brain barrier. Sonobiopsy briefly opens the barrier with focused ultrasound and microbubbles, raising circulating tumour DNA severalfold so a blood sample can replace repeat surgical biopsy for diagnosis and resistance monitoring in glioma and brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-sonobiopsy.md - Universal tumour and germline sequencing at diagnosis feeding a shared learning system (idea): Sequence every cancer at diagnosis, along with the patient's inherited genes, and pool the results with treatments and outcomes so every patient teaches the system how to treat the next. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-universal-sequencing-learning-system.md - University licences with royalties indexed to benefit and global access (idea): When universities license cancer discoveries to companies, the contract would reward companies that price fairly and sell in poor countries, and penalise those that do not, using the royalty rate as the lever. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-global-access-licensing-royalties.md - Unmask hidden antigens with a short epigenetic course before immunotherapy (idea): Low doses of drugs that change how DNA is packaged can make cancer cells display more of what marks them as abnormal, potentially waking up immunotherapy in cold tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-epigenetic-priming-cold-tumours.md - Update hospital order sets within 30 days of a guideline change (idea): The pre-built treatment menus in hospital computers often stay unchanged for years. Require them to be updated within a month of any guideline change, using the machine-readable guideline feed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-order-set-defaults-30-days.md - Upfront reduced-dose regimens tested head-to-head in frail older patients (idea): Frail older patients are often given full doses and then have them cut after bad side effects, or are given nothing. Trials should test starting at a lower dose from the beginning. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-upfront-reduced-dose-trials-frail.md - Urine tumour DNA to replace surveillance cystoscopy in NMIBC (idea): Bladder cancer sheds tumour DNA straight into urine. A urine test every few months could replace part of the surveillance cystoscopy schedule that patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer follow for years, doubling the interval between camera examinations when the test is negative. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-urine-ctdna-surveillance.md - Use a blood test at six weeks to decide whether to keep going (idea): Scans at three months often cannot tell whether immunotherapy is working. A blood test at six weeks may give a clearer, earlier answer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-ctdna-six-week-io-switch.md - Use a hypoxia scan to pick patients for adenosine-pathway drugs (idea): Tumours starved of oxygen produce a chemical that switches immune cells off. A scan can show which tumours are starved, and those are the ones to treat with blockers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-hypoxia-guided-adenosine.md - Use a polygenic risk score to set when screening starts (idea): Common gene variants shift a person's cancer risk several-fold. A one-time genetic score could tell each person when to start breast, bowel or prostate screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-prs-screening-start-age.md - Use antibodies to deliver protein-destroying drugs into the right cells (idea): Drugs that destroy proteins can hit healthy cells too. Attaching them to an antibody that only docks onto tumour cells would keep them where they are needed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-antibody-degrader-conjugates.md - Use food effects to cut the dose and cost of oral drugs that absorb better with meals (idea): Some cancer pills are absorbed several times better with food, but the label says take them fasting at a high dose. Taking a quarter of the dose with breakfast can give the same drug levels at a quarter of the price. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-food-effect-dose-reduction.md - Use imaging to find the window when tumour blood vessels are working properly (idea): Low doses of anti-blood-vessel drugs briefly make tumour vessels work better, which helps immune cells and other drugs get in. Scans can find that window for each patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-vascular-normalisation-window.md - Use patient organoids to check a cell therapy will work before infusing it (idea): Cell therapies are tested for purity and count, but not for whether they can actually kill that patient's tumour. Testing them against the patient's own mini-tumour would show this. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-organoid-cell-therapy-potency.md - Use pre-surgery immunotherapy windows as the field's biomarker engine (idea): Giving immunotherapy for a few weeks before surgery produces a tumour sample that shows exactly what the drug did. That is the fastest way to learn who responds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-neoadjuvant-biomarker-engine.md - Use residual disease tests to decide who needs ten years of hormone therapy (idea): Extended hormone therapy after breast cancer prevents late recurrence in a minority of women while imposing joint pain, bone loss and sexual side-effects on everyone for a decade. A sensitive residual disease blood test at year five, repeated annually, could show who can safely stop. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-mrd-guided-endocrine-duration.md - Use SLFN11 status to decide which antibody-drug payload to give next (idea): A single protein predicts whether a tumour will respond to DNA-damaging drug payloads. Measuring it could stop patients receiving a second drug of the same kind that will not work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-slfn11-payload-guidance.md - Use the brain's own transport door to carry antibody drugs across (idea): The brain imports iron through the transferrin receptor. Antibody shuttle domains that bind that receptor raise brain exposure roughly ten to fifty-fold in primates and are already used in clinical Alzheimer's antibodies; the same engineering could carry antibody-drug conjugates or T-cell engagers to brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-transferrin-shuttle-adc.md - Use the trend in routine blood counts, not a single threshold, to spot cancer (idea): A platelet count that is normal but rising year on year, or haemoglobin drifting down, can signal cancer. Records already hold these trends; software could use them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-blood-count-trend-flags.md - Use tumour DNA in blood to decide when to pause treatment in metastatic cancer (idea): If a blood test shows no tumour DNA after months of treatment, a trial could test pausing the drug and restarting only when the DNA reappears, giving patients time off without waiting for scans to show growth. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-ctdna-guided-stop-in-metastatic-disease.md - Vaccinate against the resistance mutation before it takes over (idea): Resistance often arrives as the same few mutations. Teaching the immune system to recognise them in advance could remove the escaping cells while they are still rare. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-resistance-mutation-vaccine.md - Vaccines aimed only at mutations shared by every tumour cell (idea): Personal cancer vaccines target a list of mutations, some present in only part of the tumour, so the tumour can escape by losing them. Restricting vaccines and T-cell products to clonal mutations shared by every tumour cell, identified by multi-region sequencing, should close that escape route. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-clonal-neoantigen-vaccines.md - Validate and reimburse AI contouring and planning to expand radiotherapy capacity (idea): Drawing targets and planning radiotherapy takes hours of scarce expert time. Properly tested AI could do much of it, letting the same staff treat far more patients, if regulators and payers set clear rules for proving and paying for it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-fund-rt-planning-ai-capacity.md - Validate low-cost metronomic oral regimens in phase 3 and carry them into guidelines (idea): Indian trials have shown that tiny daily doses of old oral chemotherapy drugs can help patients with head and neck cancer at a cost of a few dollars a month. These regimens should be proven and adopted worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-reg-metronomic-lmic-phase3-to-label.md - Validate real-world progression against central imaging review (idea): Real-world studies say a drug 'stopped working' based on clinic notes. Check how often that matches a proper scan review, and fix the definitions so the two agree. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-rwpfs-validation-programme.md - Validate real-world progression endpoints so pragmatic trials can use them (idea): Pragmatic trials want to use the progression dates recorded in ordinary clinic notes instead of expensive protocol scans. Checking how well those routine records match formal trial measurements would show when that shortcut is safe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-validate-real-world-progression-endpoints.md - Version control and locked reference sets for AI algorithms used as companion diagnostics (idea): AI is starting to decide which patients get which cancer drug. Every change to the software should be tested against a fixed public set of cases before it is used on patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-ai-cdx-change-control.md - Video palliative care as an equivalent default option for patients far from a team (idea): A large trial showed that palliative care delivered by video works as well as in person for people with advanced lung cancer. Payers should cover it so that distance from a hospital no longer decides who gets it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-tele-palliative-care-default.md - Vocational rehabilitation integrated into cancer care so survivors can return to work (idea): Cancer survivors are substantially more likely to be unemployed than the general population, though with support they could often work. Vocational rehabilitation covering fatigue management, cognitive strategies, employer liaison and phased return has moderate trial evidence, mostly from Europe, and should be part of cancer care from diagnosis with a named coordinator, as it is for stroke. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-return-to-work-rehabilitation.md - Voluntary licences and price caps for patented cancer drugs in low-income countries (idea): India's 2012 compulsory licence on sorafenib cut its price by about 97% and its 2019 cap on trade margins lowered the shelf price of 42 cancer drugs; voluntary licences through a patent pool would achieve the same without a fight. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-cost-voluntary-licensing-oncology.md - Volunteer-led neighbourhood palliative networks, the Kerala model, adapted elsewhere (idea): In Kerala, trained community volunteers, backed by nurses and doctors, provide most home palliative care to the dying. The model reaches more people at lower cost than any clinic-based service and could be copied. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-neighbourhood-palliative-networks.md - Watch routine care for drug combinations that quietly make cancer treatment worse (idea): Some everyday medicines, such as antibiotics or steroids, seem to blunt immunotherapy. Automatically scanning health records for such harmful pairs would catch them years earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr2-antagonism-surveillance.md - Watch small kidney tumours rather than remove them, with a national registry (idea): Most kidney tumours under 3 cm found by chance grow under 0.3 cm a year, rarely spread, and a fifth are benign. Surveillance with a biopsy for grade as the default in patients over 65, with a national registry and set triggers for surgery, could spare most of these operations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-small-renal-mass-surveillance.md - Watch the immune system's response in the blood three weeks in (idea): When immunotherapy works, specific immune cell families multiply in the blood within weeks. Tracking that could tell patients early whether to continue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-tcr-repertoire-early-readout.md - Wearable activity data as a validated real-world endpoint (idea): Step counts and sleep from a wristband could show whether a cancer treatment is helping or harming daily life. Prove they track survival and quality of life, then use them in real-world studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-data-wearable-endpoints-validation.md - Weekly electronic symptom reporting as a standard of care during systemic therapy (idea): Patients on chemotherapy who report their symptoms weekly through an app, with nurses acting on alerts, live longer and visit emergency rooms less. This should be routine and paid for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-electronic-pro-monitoring-standard.md - Weekly symptom check-ins with automatic alerts as standard of care on treatment (idea): Patients on chemotherapy or immunotherapy answer a short weekly symptom questionnaire on their phone; severe answers alert the nurse the same day. Trials show this prolongs life. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-pro-monitoring-standard.md - What actually holds T cells at the tumour border? (idea): In immune-excluded tumours T cells reach the border but cannot get in, held back by fibroblasts, matrix, abnormal vessels, CXCL12 gradients or myeloid cells, and TGF-β drugs on their own have failed. If single-cell and spatial profiling can show which stromal programme dominates in each tumour, matching the drug (TGF-β, FAP, CXCR4 or VEGF) to it could let immunotherapy work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-immune-exclusion-drivers.md - What decides which disseminated cells ever colonise? (idea): Most cancer cells that spread die or sleep forever; a few grow into lethal metastases. Nobody can yet tell them apart, and doing so would show whom to treat after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-dtc-colonisation-determinants.md - What makes a neoantigen actually immunogenic? (idea): Vaccines can now encode dozens of a tumour's mutations, but only a minority provoke useful T cells. Learning the rules would make vaccines smaller, cheaper, and stronger. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-neoantigen-immunogenicity-rules.md - When the blood test is positive, hunt for the lesion with sensitive imaging (idea): A positive blood test tells you cancer is back but not where. Combining whole-body MRI with modern PET tracers may find a single spot that can be zapped. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio2-localise-the-mrd.md - Which patients' blood clones will become leukaemia after treatment? (idea): PARP inhibitors, platinum, and radioligand drugs can push pre-existing blood-cell clones toward leukaemia in a few patients. Predicting who could let us choose therapies more safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-chip-risk-modifiers.md - WHO prequalification plus pooled demand to push biosimilar prices below 10% of the originator (idea): Biosimilars of trastuzumab, rituximab and bevacizumab have existed for years, but poorer countries cannot assess biologics themselves and place small fragmented orders. Extending WHO prequalification, begun with trastuzumab in 2019, to every oncology biosimilar and pooling procurement would give buyers assurance and makers volume, aiming below a tenth of originator prices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-acc-biosimilar-prequalification-pool.md - Whole-body MRI plus blood DNA surveillance for people with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (idea): People with an inherited TP53 mutation face a near-certain lifetime cancer risk. Yearly whole-body MRI catches cancers early; adding blood DNA tests may catch them earlier still. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-prev-li-fraumeni-mri-plus-cfdna.md - Whole-patient digital twins validated in prospective randomised trials (idea): Build a computer model of each patient's cancer and body that simulates how different treatments would go, and prove in a proper trial that choosing treatment with the model helps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-moon-validated-digital-twins.md - Win-ratio endpoints that weigh survival, toxicity and quality of life together (idea): Every patient on the new drug is compared with every patient on the old one: who lived longer, and if equal, who had fewer serious side effects, and if still equal, who felt better. The share of 'wins' becomes the result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-tr1-win-ratio-net-benefit-endpoint.md - WRN inhibitors: a second synthetic-lethal win for mismatch-repair cancers (idea): Cancers with faulty DNA proof-reading depend on one particular unwinding enzyme to survive. Blocking it kills them and spares normal cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-wrn-msi-programme.md - Zebrafish avatars for a drug answer within a week (idea): Tumour cells injected into transparent fish embryos grow in days, so several drugs can be compared in about a week, fast enough to help a patient who cannot wait. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/idea-bio1-zebrafish-avatars.md ## Collections (92) The open databases and registries the field runs on. - AACR Annual Meeting (collection): The AACR Annual Meeting is where new modalities and targets debut, each April. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-aacr-annual.md - AACR Project GENIE (collection): AACR Project GENIE is real-world tumour sequencing data shared by leading cancer centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genie.md - ADC Review (collection): ADC Review covers everything ADC: deals, payload chemistry, and monthly pipeline summaries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-adc-review.md - ADCdb / ADC Review (collection): ADCdb and ADC Review are where to track the hundreds of ADCs in trials, with target, payload, and linker. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adcdb.md - Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation (ALSF) (collection): A childhood-cancer charity started by a four-year-old patient's lemonade stand that now funds hundreds of grants and runs an open-science data lab for paediatric cancer genomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alexs-lemonade-stand.md - All of Us Research Program (collection): America's answer to UK Biobank, built for diversity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/all-of-us.md - American Cancer Society (ACS) (collection): The American Cancer Society is the largest US cancer charity. It publishes the annual US cancer statistics that most news reports quote, screening recommendations that differ from the US Preventive Services Task Force in places (colorectal screening from 45, for example), and plain-language patient guides for every cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/american-cancer-society.md - Arc Virtual Cell Atlas (collection): Arc's growing library of cell data, the fuel for virtual cell models. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arc-virtual-cell-atlas.md - ASCO clinical practice guidelines (collection): ASCO guidelines are the American oncology society's guidelines, strongest on supportive care, survivorship, biomarker testing and resource-stratified recommendations for lower-income settings, complementing NCCN's algorithms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asco-guidelines.md - ASCO Daily News (collection): ASCO Daily News is the American Society of Clinical Oncology's free news service, published daily during meetings and weekly otherwise, covering sessions as they happen and guideline updates. It is most useful during the Annual Meeting, when it adds expert perspective to the abstracts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-asco-daily-news.md - ASCO Meeting Library (collection): The primary record of what was presented at ASCO meetings each year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-asco-meeting-library.md - ASH Annual Meeting (collection): The ASH Annual Meeting is December's blood-cancer summit, bringing CAR-T, bispecifics, menin, BTK, and myeloma news. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-ash-annual.md - ASTRO Annual Meeting (collection): The ASTRO Annual Meeting is where hypofractionation, SBRT, protons, FLASH, and MR-guided radiotherapy results appear. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-astro.md - awesome-cancer-variant-resources (collection): A GitHub list of every cancer variant database, maintained by the community. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/awesome-cancer-variant-resources.md - BioCentury (collection): BioCentury writes analysis for people who make decisions about pipelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-biocentury.md - BioPharma Dive (collection): BioPharma Dive offers clean, free industry reporting and is good for deal and approval context. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-biopharma-dive.md - Breast Cancer Research Foundation (collection): The Breast Cancer Research Foundation's weekly blog explains new breast cancer research findings and drug approvals in plain terms for a general audience, and reports on the research the foundation funds. It is free, and it bridges the research literature and patient-facing news. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-bcrf.md - Cancer Models (PDCM Finder) & HCMI (collection): Find a mouse or dish model that matches a tumour type or mutation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-models.md - Cancer Research UK: About Cancer (collection): Cancer Research UK's About Cancer pages give clear UK patient information, including NHS treatment pathways. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-cruk-about-cancer.md - CancerNetwork (ONCOLOGY) (collection): CancerNetwork publishes daily practice-oriented news across solid and haematologic cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-cancer-network.md - cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics (collection): cBioPortal lets you browse the mutations, copy number, and expression of tens of thousands of tumours without writing code. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cbioportal.md - CIViC (collection): CIViC is an open, Wikipedia-style database of what cancer mutations mean for treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/civic.md - ClinicalTrials.gov (collection): ClinicalTrials.gov is the master list of clinical trials. Every trial on this site links to its record. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinicaltrials-gov.md - ClinVar (collection): Whether a genetic variant is thought to cause disease, according to the labs that have seen it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinvar.md - Colorectal Cancer Alliance (collection): The Colorectal Cancer Alliance is the largest US colorectal cancer patient organisation, focused on screening uptake from age 45, young-onset disease and connecting patients with biomarker-matched trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/colorectal-cancer-alliance.md - COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) (collection): COSMIC, the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer, is the largest curated catalogue of mutations found in tumours, run by the Wellcome Sanger Institute. It also holds the Cancer Gene Census of around 750 genes, the reference mutational signatures and a cell line project; academic use is free, industry needs a licence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cosmic.md - CPTAC (Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium) (collection): CPTAC measures the proteins, not just the genes, of thousands of tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cptac.md - CSCO guidelines (China) (collection): CSCO guidelines are China's national oncology guidelines, covering about 30 cancers and updated annually. They grade each recommendation by both evidence level and affordability under China's reimbursement list, and they cover Chinese-developed drugs (PD-1 inhibitors, ADCs) and cancers common in China (nasopharyngeal, oesophageal, liver, gastric) years before Western guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/csco-guidelines.md - CZ CELLxGENE / Human Cell Atlas (collection): CELLxGENE and the Human Cell Atlas hold single-cell data from healthy and diseased tissue, browsable and downloadable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellxgene-hca.md - DepMap (Cancer Dependency Map) (collection): Which genes each cancer cell line cannot live without. The map of synthetic-lethal targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/depmap.md - Dimensions (collection): Dimensions connects papers to the grants and trials behind them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-dimensions.md - DrugBank & ChEMBL (collection): DrugBank and ChEMBL hold the chemistry and mechanism of every drug and most tool compounds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drugbank-chembl.md - EMA news and CHMP meeting highlights (collection): The EMA's CHMP highlights show Europe's approval pipeline one month ahead of European Commission decisions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-ema-chmp.md - Endpoints News (collection): Endpoints News is the fastest read on what biotech and pharma are doing in oncology, deal by deal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-endpoints-news.md - ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines & MCBS (collection): The ESMO guidelines are Europe's treatment algorithms, and the ESMO-MCBS scores how much each new drug actually helps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esmo-guidelines.md - ESMO Congress (collection): ESMO Congress, held each October by the European Society for Medical Oncology, is Europe's largest oncology meeting and the autumn counterpart to ASCO, where phase 3 trials now regularly report for the first time. Abstracts are free in Annals of Oncology; other content is for registrants. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-esmo-congress.md - EU Clinical Trials Register / CTIS (collection): The EU Clinical Trials Register and CTIS are Europe's trial registry, complementing ClinicalTrials.gov for EU-only studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eudract-ctis.md - Evaluate Vantage (collection): Evaluate Vantage forecasts which drugs and modalities will matter commercially in the next decade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-evaluate.md - FDA Oncology Approvals (OCE) & Novel Drug Approvals (collection): The FDA's oncology approval notifications are the official record of what is approved for what. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fda-approvals.md - Fierce Biotech (collection): Fierce Biotech is where trial failures get reported plainly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-fierce-biotech.md - Flatiron Health and Foundation Medicine Clinico-Genomic Database (collection): Real-world evidence at scale: what happened to patients with a given genomic profile on a given treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flatiron-foundation-cgdb.md - GLOBOCAN / Global Cancer Observatory (collection): GLOBOCAN is the world's cancer numbers: incidence and mortality estimates for 185 countries and 36 cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/globocan.md - Healio Hematology/Oncology (collection): Healio Hematology/Oncology publishes clinician-facing daily news with good approval and lifestyle-risk coverage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-healio-hemonc.md - Human Protein Atlas (collection): The Human Protein Atlas shows where in the body each protein is found, which tells you whether an ADC target is safe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hpa.md - Japanese oncology guidelines (JSMO, JSCO and organ societies) (collection): The JSMO and JSCO guidelines are Japan's oncology guidelines, especially strong for gastric, oesophageal, liver and biliary cancers where Japanese trials set global standards (D2 gastrectomy, S-1, endoscopic resection), and for Japan's own approvals through PMDA. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jsmo-jsco-guidelines.md - Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) (collection): The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society is the main US blood-cancer charity, unusual for running its own precision-medicine trials (Beat AML, PedAL) and investing directly in biotech, alongside co-pay assistance and one-to-one information specialists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leukemia-lymphoma-society.md - Living Beyond Breast Cancer (collection): Congress results translated for people with breast cancer, fast and accurately. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-lbbc.md - LUNGevity Foundation (and GO2 for Lung Cancer) (collection): LUNGevity is the largest US lung cancer charity, focused on making sure every patient gets comprehensive biomarker testing and access to targeted therapy and trials, with a screening-advocacy partner in GO2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lungevity.md - Lymphoma Research Foundation (LRF) (collection): The Lymphoma Research Foundation is the largest US lymphoma-specific charity, with plain-language guides for over 20 lymphoma subtypes and a research programme focused on mantle cell and adolescent/young adult lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lymphoma-research-foundation.md - Macmillan Cancer Support (collection): Macmillan Cancer Support covers the practical side of cancer: money, work, coping, and where to get help. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-macmillan.md - Medscape Oncology (collection): Medscape Oncology publishes broad clinician news with continuing-education tie-ins. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-medscape-oncology.md - Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA) (collection): A melanoma research funder created in 2007 by the Milken family that backed early immunotherapy and targeted-therapy work and now focuses on rare melanoma subtypes and resistance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/melanoma-research-alliance.md - Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) (collection): The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, founded by a patient in 1998, built CoMMpass, the largest open longitudinal genomic dataset in myeloma with 1,143 patients followed for over eight years, and helped fund early trials of bortezomib, lenalidomide, daratumumab and CAR-T. It also runs patient navigation and an immunotherapy hub. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mmrf.md - National Brain Tumor Society (NBTS) (collection): The National Brain Tumor Society is the largest US brain tumour nonprofit. It co-founded GBM AGILE, the adaptive platform trial that has enrolled more than 1,500 glioblastoma patients across several drug arms at once, funds research collaboratives, and lobbies the FDA on endpoints for brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/national-brain-tumor-society.md - Nature Briefing: Cancer (collection): Nature Briefing: Cancer is one email a week that catches the papers you missed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-nature-briefing-cancer.md - Nature Index: Healthcare and Cancer institutions (collection): The Nature Index shows which institutions publish the most top-tier research. It is the best public proxy for university output in cancer science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-index.md - NCCN Guidelines (collection): The algorithms US oncologists follow. If a drug is in NCCN, insurers usually pay. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nccn.md - NCI CDAS: NLST and PLCO screening trial data (collection): NCI CDAS holds the lung screening trial images that trained Sybil and most lung-nodule AI. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cdas-nlst-plco.md - NCI Imaging Data Commons (IDC) (collection): The Imaging Data Commons is TCIA in the cloud, ready for large-scale model training. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/imaging-data-commons.md - NCI PDQ Cancer Information Summaries (collection): The NCI's PDQ summaries are the most reliable free, plain-language explanation of each cancer's treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-gov-pdq.md - NCI-Designated Cancer Centers (collection): NCI-designated cancer centres are the US government's list of the cancer centres that meet its research and care standards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nci-cancer-centers.md - Newsweek/Statista World's Best Specialized Hospitals: Oncology (collection): The Newsweek/Statista ranking is the most-cited global hospital ranking for cancer care. OnCo uses it as one input to its institution table. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/newsweek-hospitals.md - NICE cancer guidance and technology appraisals (UK) (collection): NICE decides which cancer treatments the NHS pays for, publishing for each drug an appraisal of cost per quality-adjusted life year against a threshold of about £20,000 to £30,000, plus clinical guidelines. Because the manufacturer models and committee reasoning are public, its decisions serve as an independent view of a drug's value that often diverges from FDA and EMA licensing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nice-guidance.md - NICE technology appraisals (collection): NICE technology appraisals say whether the NHS will pay, and why. They are the most transparent HTA record in the world. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-nice-ta.md - npj Precision Oncology (collection): npj Precision Oncology is a Nature Portfolio journal that publishes genomics, artificial intelligence and biomarker studies continuously rather than in issues. Every article is open access under a CC BY licence, so it can be read in full without a subscription. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-npj-precision-oncology.md - OncLive (collection): OncLive, run by MJH Life Sciences, publishes daily oncology news, approval alerts and video interviews with trial investigators, often within hours of a readout. Industry-sponsored content is common, so check numbers against the primary source before relying on them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-onclive.md - OncoDaily (collection): OncoDaily publishes a high volume of daily oncology news, education and career items from outside the United States, which is the perspective US-centred feeds lack. It is free, but trial news is mixed with profiles and history pieces, so check primary sources before reusing a figure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-oncodaily.md - OncoKB (collection): Tells you, for a given mutation, whether an approved or investigational drug exists and how strong the evidence is. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncokb.md - Open Targets Platform (collection): Open Targets scores how strongly each gene is linked to each disease, with the evidence behind it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/open-targets.md - Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance (OCRA) (collection): The Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance is the largest US ovarian cancer organisation, born from the merger of research and patient-support charities; it funds research and campaigns for universal genetic testing and prevention by salpingectomy given that screening does not work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ovarian-cancer-research-alliance.md - Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN) (collection): PanCAN is the leading pancreatic cancer patient organisation; it pioneered free tumour molecular profiling for patients (Know Your Tumor) and runs an adaptive platform trial for a disease with few options. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pancan.md - Pathology AI benchmarks (CAMELYON, PANDA, TCGA slide tasks) (collection): Pathology AI benchmarks are the open challenge datasets on which every pathology model is scored: CAMELYON16 and 17 for lymph node metastasis detection, PANDA for prostate grading with 11,000 biopsies, and TCGA slide-level tasks used to compare foundation models. Licences are mostly CC BY-NC-SA or set per challenge. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pathology-benchmarks.md - Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) (collection): Michael Milken's prostate cancer foundation, which funded the science behind abiraterone, enzalutamide and PSMA therapy and runs a precision-oncology network in US veterans' hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prostate-cancer-foundation.md - PubMed & Europe PMC (collection): PubMed and Europe PMC together form the searchable index of the biomedical literature; every claim here should trace back to something in them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pubmed-europepmc.md - San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (collection): The San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, run by UT Health San Antonio, the AACR and Baylor, packs the year's breast cancer evidence into one week each December. Abstracts are free and appear in Cancer Research and Clinical Cancer Research supplements. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-sabcs.md - SCImago Institutions Rankings: Oncology (collection): The SCImago Institutions Rankings score research institutions in the Oncology subject area on three measures: research output drawn from Scopus, innovation measured by patents, and societal impact measured by web visibility. On OnCo it is a cross-check against the Nature Index, since the two draw on different publication sets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scimago-oncology.md - SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) (collection): SEER records how many people in the US get each cancer and how long they live, by stage, age, race, and year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seer.md - Semantic Scholar (collection): Semantic Scholar offers free literature search with machine-generated summaries and citation context. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-semantic-scholar.md - SNMMI Annual Meeting (collection): The SNMMI Annual Meeting, held each June by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, is where new PET tracers, radioligand therapy results and dosimetry work are first presented. Abstracts are free as a Journal of Nuclear Medicine supplement, and that journal carries the field's papers through the rest of the year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-snmmi.md - St. Baldrick's Foundation (collection): A head-shaving fundraiser that became the largest charitable funder of children's cancer research in the US, underwriting much of the cooperative-group trial infrastructure that treats most American children with cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/st-baldricks.md - STAT News (collection): STAT News has the best-written reporting on the science and business of cancer, with real scepticism. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-stat-news.md - Susan G. Komen (collection): Susan G. Komen is the best-known breast cancer charity, founded in 1982. It has granted more than $1 billion for research, including early support for HER2-directed therapy, runs a helpline and treatment assistance programme, and holds ShareForCures, a patient-consented registry that shares data for metastatic breast cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susan-g-komen.md - Tahoe-100M (collection): Tahoe-100M is the biggest single-cell dataset ever released, built to teach AI how cancer cells respond to drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tahoe-100m.md - Targeted Oncology (collection): Targeted Oncology is OncLive's sibling with a biomarker and targeted-therapy focus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-targeted-oncology.md - TCGA / NCI Genomic Data Commons (collection): The reference atlas of cancer genomes that most cancer biology since 2008 is built on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tcga-gdc.md - The ASCO Post (collection): The ASCO Post gives reliable, clinician-written summaries of the trials that matter, usually within days. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-asco-post.md - The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) (collection): The public archive of cancer scans that most radiology AI is trained and tested on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tcia.md - The Cancer Letter (collection): The Cancer Letter tells the inside story of cancer institutions and policy. Nobody else covers NCI and the centres this closely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-cancer-letter.md - Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) (collection): The Therapeutic Target Database lists every protein anyone has tried to drug, and what they tried. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ttd.md - Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation (collection): The Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation runs a free site with information written for this subtype, a helpline staffed by oncology social workers, support groups, webinars and clinical trial listings. It is the dedicated patient resource for a subtype that general breast cancer sites cover only in passing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-tnbc-foundation.md - UK Biobank (collection): UK Biobank is the richest population cohort for linking genes, blood and imaging to who later develops cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uk-biobank.md - UroToday (collection): UroToday is the prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer feed, including PSMA and radioligand news. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/src-urotoday.md ## People (1,434) The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them. - A. Keith Stewart (person): Keith Stewart is a myeloma researcher who leads Canada's largest cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keith-stewart.md - A. Murray Brunt (person): Led FAST-Forward, which cut breast radiotherapy from three weeks to one with no loss of effectiveness. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/murray-brunt.md - A. Oliver Sartor (person): Led VISION, the trial that made lutetium-PSMA the first radioligand therapy for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oliver-sartor.md - Aaron D. Schimmer (person): Leukaemia researcher who found that AML stem cells depend on mitochondrial proteases and metabolism. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aaron-schimmer.md - Abhay Soi (person): Business leader who leads Max Healthcare, the Indian private hospital group whose network includes the Max Institute of Cancer Care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/abhay-soi.md - Adda Bounedjar (person): Adda Bounedjar represents Anti-Cancer Center of Blida in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Algeria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adda-bounedjar.md - Aditya Bardia (person): Led ASCENT, the trial that made sacituzumab govitecan the first ADC for triple-negative breast cancer, and the EMERALD trial of elacestrant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aditya-bardia.md - Adrià Comella Carnicé (person): Adrià Comella Carnicé represents Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adria-comella-carnice.md - Adrian Ochsenbein (person): Bern medical oncology chief whose lab targets leukaemia stem cells and CD70 signalling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adrian-ochsenbein.md - Adrian R. Krainer (person): Adrian Krainer invented the antisense drug nusinersen and studies how splicing errors drive cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/adrian-krainer.md - Aimery de Gramont (person): Invented the FOLFOX regimen that anchors colorectal chemotherapy and founded the GERCOR and ARCAD trial groups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aimery-de-gramont.md - Ajai Chari (person): Led the pivotal talquetamab trial, establishing GPRC5D as the second bispecific target in myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ajai-chari.md - Akhil Kapoor (person): First author of METRO PLUS, the Varanasi trial that doubled survival in advanced head and neck cancer by adding cheap oral metronomic drugs to standard chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kapoor-akhil.md - Akifumi Takaori (person): Hematologist who directs Kyoto University Hospital, one of Japan's leading academic medical centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/akifumi-takaori.md - Alan Ashworth (person): Co-discovered that BRCA-deficient cancers die when PARP is blocked, the idea behind an entire drug class. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alan-ashworth.md - Alan D. D'Andrea (person): Mapped the Fanconi anaemia/BRCA DNA repair pathway and how tumours become resistant to PARP inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alan-dandrea.md - Alan P. Venook (person): GI oncologist who led CALGB/SWOG 80405 and helped show that tumour side matters in colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alan-venook.md - Albert C. Koong (person): Albert Koong is a radiation oncologist leading MD Anderson's radiation department, with a focus on pancreatic cancer and SBRT. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/albert-koong.md - Albert Lasker (person): The man who invented modern advertising put his fortune and his methods behind medical research, founding the Lasker Foundation with his wife Mary in 1942; after his death in 1952 she carried the campaign for cancer research into law. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/albert-lasker.md - Albert Salazar Soler (person): Albert Salazar Soler represents Vall d'Hebron University Hospital / VHIO in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/albert-salazar-soler.md - Alberto Bardelli (person): Used ctDNA to show how colorectal cancers evolve resistance to EGFR antibodies and how that resistance can fade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alberto-bardelli.md - Aleix Prat (person): Translational oncologist who built genomic tests (HER2DX) to decide which HER2-positive patients can skip chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aleix-prat.md - Alessandro Delle Donne (person): Health manager who leads the IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II in Bari, first as Direttore Generale and, since 2025, as Commissario Straordinario. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alessandro-delle-donne.md - Alessandro Gronchi (person): Sarcoma surgeon who led the ISG-STS 1001 trial of histology-tailored neoadjuvant chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alessandro-gronchi.md - Alessandro Venturi (person): Alessandro Venturi represents Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alessandro-venturi.md - Alex F. Herrera (person): Led the SWOG S1826 trial that made nivolumab part of first-line Hodgkin lymphoma treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alex-herrera.md - Alexander Drilon (person): Led the trials of larotrectinib, entrectinib, repotrectinib and selpercatinib that turned rare gene fusions into treatable targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alexander-drilon.md - Alexander E. Perl (person): Led ADMIRAL, which made gilteritinib the standard for relapsed FLT3-mutant AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alexander-perl.md - Alexander Eggermont (person): Surgical oncologist who led the EORTC adjuvant ipilimumab and pembrolizumab trials in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alexander-eggermont.md - Alexandra "Alex" Scott (person): Diagnosed with neuroblastoma before her first birthday, she set up a lemonade stand at four to raise money for her hospital. By her death at eight in 2004 it had raised $1 million; the foundation in her name has raised hundreds of millions since. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alex-scott.md - Alexandre Chan (person): Oncology pharmacist-scientist at UC Irvine and President of MASCC, the multinational society for supportive care in cancer, known for research on cancer-related cognitive impairment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alexandre-chan.md - Alexis Cortot (person): Lille pulmonologist and thoracic oncologist who presides over the IFCT, France's academic lung cancer trials group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alexis-cortot.md - Alfred P. Sloan Jr. (person): In the 1940s the General Motors chairman joined engineer Charles Kettering to establish the Sloan Kettering Institute, dedicated in 1948, which gave Memorial Hospital a research arm and its modern name. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alfred-sloan.md - Alfredo Addeo (person): Thoracic oncologist who heads the Oncology Division at Geneva University Hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alfredo-addeo.md - Ali Taher (person): Physician who directs the Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, the multidisciplinary cancer centre of the American University of Beirut Medical Center in Lebanon. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ali-taher.md - Alice L. Yu (person): Led the trial proving that an anti-GD2 antibody improves survival in high-risk neuroblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alice-yu.md - Alicia Jackson (person): Materials scientist and biotechnology founder who directs ARPA-H, the United States agency that funds high-risk, high-reward health research programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alicia-jackson.md - Alinta Hegmane (person): Alinta Hegmane represents Riga East University Hospital / Oncology Centre of Latvia in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Latvia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alinta-hegmane.md - Alon Chen (person): Neuroscientist who has been President of the Weizmann Institute of Science since 2019, leading one of the world's foremost basic research institutes, including its cancer research programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alon-chen.md - Álvaro Bonet Pla (person): Álvaro Bonet Pla represents INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/alvaro-bonet-pla.md - Amanda Pritchard (person): Former head of NHS England who returned to lead Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust as Chief Executive in September 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amanda-pritchard.md - Amar Gajjar (person): Led the St. Jude medulloblastoma trials that introduced molecular subgroups into risk-adapted treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amar-gajjar.md - Amar U. Kishan (person): Radiation oncologist who showed MRI-guided prostate radiotherapy causes fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amar-kishan.md - Amit M. Oza (person): Amit Oza is a gynaecologic oncologist who led early olaparib and niraparib studies in ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amit-oza.md - Amod A. Sarnaik (person): Amod Sarnaik led the pivotal lifileucel trial that produced the first approved TIL therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/amod-sarnaik.md - Ananya Choudhury (person): Ananya Choudhury is a clinical oncologist developing biomarker-guided radiotherapy for bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ananya-choudhury.md - Ander Urruticoechea (person): Medical oncologist from Gipuzkoa who became President of GEICAM, Spain's academic breast cancer research group, in 2025 on the retirement of its founder Miguel Martín. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ander-urruticoechea.md - André Ilbawi (person): The WHO's lead on cancer control, steering the cervical cancer elimination and global breast and childhood cancer initiatives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ilbawi-andre.md - Andrea Agnelli (person): Andrea Agnelli represents Istituto di Candiolo IRCCS (FPO) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrea-agnelli.md - Andrea Cercek (person): Led the study in which every patient with mismatch-repair-deficient rectal cancer had a complete response to dostarlimab, without surgery or radiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrea-cercek.md - Andrea Necchi (person): Led PURE-01, the first neoadjuvant pembrolizumab trial in bladder cancer, and now leads bladder-preserving immunotherapy studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrea-necchi.md - Andrea Seale (person): Chief executive of the Canadian Cancer Society, the national charity that funds cancer research, advocates on policy and runs support services across Canada. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrea-seale.md - Andrea Sironi (person): President of Fondazione AIRC, the Italian charitable foundation that raises funds from the public to finance cancer research across the country. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrea-sironi.md - Andreas du Bois (person): Surgeon who chairs the German AGO group and led DESKTOP III, proving secondary surgery can extend survival in selected relapsed ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andreas-du-bois.md - Andreas Engert (person): Led the GHSG for two decades, running the HD10 to HD18 trials that cure over 90% of Hodgkin lymphoma with less treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andreas-engert.md - Andreas Trumpp (person): Andreas Trumpp is a stem cell biologist studying how dormant cancer cells seed metastases and resist therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andreas-trumpp.md - Andreas von Deimling (person): Co-created the DNA methylation classifier that changed how brain tumours are diagnosed worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andreas-von-deimling.md - Andrés Cervantes (person): Andrés Cervantes is a gastrointestinal oncologist and was ESMO President for 2023-2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andres-cervantes.md - Andrés J. M. Ferreri (person): Led the IELSG trials that made MATRix induction and consolidation the standard for primary CNS lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andres-ferreri.md - Andrew H. Wei (person): Australian haematologist who led VIALE-C and QUAZAR AML-001, advancing venetoclax and oral azacitidine maintenance in AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrew-wei.md - Andrew J. Aguirre (person): Uses organoids and functional genomics to find what pancreatic cancers depend on beyond KRAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrew-aguirre.md - Andrew J. Armstrong (person): Led ARCHES, which established enzalutamide with hormone therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrew-armstrong.md - Andrew Little (person): Chief Executive of Movember, the global men's health charity that funds prostate cancer, testicular cancer and mental health programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrew-little.md - Andrew Mesecar (person): Structural biologist who directs the Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, an NCI-designated basic science cancer centre in West Lafayette, Indiana. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrew-mesecar.md - Andrew Tutt (person): Led OlympiA, the trial that showed a year of olaparib after surgery improves survival in BRCA-mutated breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrew-tutt.md - Andrew Wardley (person): Andrew Wardley is a breast oncologist involved in the PERSEPHONE trial of shorter trastuzumab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrew-wardley.md - Andrzej Kawecki (person): Radiation oncologist specialising in head and neck cancer who oversees clinical affairs at Poland's National Research Institute of Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/andrzej-kawecki.md - Ane Gerda Eriksson (person): Oslo gynaecological oncology surgeon at the Norwegian Radium Hospital and President-Elect of ESGO. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ane-gerda-eriksson.md - Angela DeMichele (person): Angela DeMichele led the first palbociclib clinical trial and co-leads the I-SPY 2 adaptive platform. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/angela-demichele.md - Angelika Eggert (person): Angelika Eggert is a paediatric oncologist and neuroblastoma researcher. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/angelika-eggert.md - Angelina Jolie (person): Her 2013 New York Times essay about carrying a BRCA1 mutation and choosing preventive mastectomy roughly doubled referrals for hereditary cancer testing in several countries: the "Angelina Jolie effect". https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/angelina-jolie.md - Angelita Habr-Gama (person): Brazilian surgeon who first showed that rectal cancers that vanish after chemoradiation can be watched rather than removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/angelita-habr-gama.md - Anil K. D'Cruz (person): Led the Tata Memorial trial that settled a decades-old question, showing that removing neck lymph nodes at the first operation for early oral cancer saves lives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dcruz-anil.md - Anirban Maitra (person): Anirban Maitra is a pancreatic cancer pathologist working on catching the disease early and understanding its precursors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anirban-maitra.md - Ankita Mishra Bundela (person): Indian Administrative Service officer who, as Joint Secretary for PMSSY, heads the health ministry division that builds the new AIIMS hospitals and upgrades government medical colleges. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ankita-mishra-bundela.md - Ann H. Partridge (person): Ann Partridge led the POSITIVE trial showing women can safely pause hormone therapy to have a baby. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ann-partridge.md - Ann Lurie (person): After her husband Robert was diagnosed with advanced colon cancer in 1987 at 46, she turned the family's fortune to Northwestern's cancer centre, which carries his name, and to the children's hospital that carries both. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ann-lurie.md - Ann-Lii Cheng (person): Taiwanese oncologist who led the Asia-Pacific sorafenib trial and co-led IMbrave150, the immunotherapy standard for liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ann-lii-cheng.md - Anna Fagotti (person): Surgeon who developed the laparoscopic score for predicting whether ovarian cancer can be fully removed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anna-fagotti.md - Anna K. Nowak (person): Australian oncologist who led DREAM and DREAM3R, testing durvalumab with chemotherapy in mesothelioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anna-nowak.md - Anna Sapino (person): Pathologist and Scientific Director of the Candiolo Cancer Institute (INOC), Piedmont's oncology IRCCS and an OECI-certified Comprehensive Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anna-sapino.md - Anne C. Chiang (person): Anne Chiang is a thoracic oncologist overseeing SWOG's breast and lung trial portfolios. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anne-chiang.md - Anne Coyle (person): Anne Coyle represents Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anne-coyle.md - Annette Walker (person): Health system executive who leads City of Hope Orange County and oversaw the opening of Orange County's first cancer specialty hospital in Irvine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/annette-walker.md - Annika Auranen (person): Chief physician who directs Tays Cancer Centre in Tampere and the FICAN Mid regional cancer centre for central Finland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/annika-auranen.md - Anthony Gonçalves (person): Anthony Gonçalves is a medical oncologist leading breast and ovarian cancer research at Institut Paoli-Calmettes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthony-goncalves.md - Anthony L. Zietman (person): Led the proton dose-escalation trial in prostate cancer and the comparative-effectiveness debate over proton therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthony-zietman.md - Anthony Lawler (person): Head of Australia's medicines and medical devices regulator, the body that approves cancer drugs for the Australian market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthony-lawler.md - Anthony Letai (person): Invented BH3 profiling, the functional test behind venetoclax's success, before becoming NCI director. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthony-letai.md - Anthony May (person): Former county council chief executive who has led Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, which runs the Nottingham cancer centre at City Hospital, since September 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthony-may.md - Anthony T. C. Chan (person): Leading nasopharyngeal carcinoma researcher who directs the Hong Kong Cancer Institute at CUHK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthony-chan.md - Anthony V. D'Amico (person): Created the low, intermediate and high-risk classification that every prostate cancer decision starts from. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anthony-damico.md - Anton Benet Català (person): Anton Benet Català represents Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anton-benet-catala.md - Antoni Ribas (person): Melanoma immunotherapy leader behind pembrolizumab's first trials and the science of why immunotherapy fails. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antoni-ribas.md - Antonio Cuneo (person): Ferrara haematologist and CLL expert who chairs GIMEMA's Scientific Committee. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antonio-cuneo.md - Antonio González-Martín (person): Gynaecological medical oncologist directing the Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra; led the PRIMA trial of niraparib maintenance in ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antonio-gonzalez-martin.md - Antonio Llombart Bosch (person): Physician who presides over the board of trustees of the Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), the private non profit cancer centre in Valencia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antonio-llombart-bosch.md - Antonio Rosato (person): Immunologist and Scientific Director of the Istituto Oncologico Veneto, leading its translational cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/antonio-rosato.md - Arjun V. Balar (person): Led KEYNOTE-052 and IMvigor210 cohort 1, establishing first-line immunotherapy for cisplatin-ineligible bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arjun-balar.md - Armando E. Giuliano (person): Brought sentinel node biopsy to breast cancer and led ACOSOG Z0011, which ended routine axillary dissection for many women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/armando-giuliano.md - Armando Santoro (person): Veteran Italian medical oncologist who leads oncology and haematology at Humanitas and has co-authored major trials in lymphoma, liver cancer and novel targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/armando-santoro.md - Arnaud Méjean (person): Surgeon who led CARMENA, the trial that showed most metastatic kidney cancer patients do not benefit from removing the kidney. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arnaud-mejean.md - Arthur Violante Sapia (person): Executive Director of ICESP, the São Paulo state cancer institute of the Hospital das Clínicas that treats public-system patients across four units. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arthur-violante-sapia.md - Arto Mannermaa (person): Arto Mannermaa represents Kuopio University Hospital Cancer Center in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Finland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arto-mannermaa.md - Artur Katz (person): Artur Katz is a senior São Paulo oncologist and long-time leader of the Sírio-Libanês oncology centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/katz-artur.md - Arul M. Chinnaiyan (person): Discovered the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in prostate cancer and built one of the first clinical sequencing programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/arul-chinnaiyan.md - Asem Mansour (person): Radiologist who leads the King Hussein Cancer Center in Amman, the leading comprehensive cancer centre in Jordan and the region. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asem-mansour.md - Ash A. Alizadeh (person): Co-invented the CAPP-Seq method for reading tumour DNA in blood and used it to track lymphoma and lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ash-alizadeh.md - Ashish M. Kamat (person): Urologist who set the definitions for BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer and leads the International Bladder Cancer Group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ashish-kamat.md - Ashley Ball-Gamble (person): Chief executive of CCLG, the UK charity and professional body that unites the children's and young people's cancer community. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ashley-ball-gamble.md - Ashya King (person): In 2014 his parents took him from a British hospital to seek proton beam therapy for a brain tumour abroad, were arrested, then vindicated. The case sped the building of NHS proton centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ashya-king.md - Assia Konsoulova (person): Assia Konsoulova represents Bulgarian Joint Cancer Network (BJCN) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Bulgaria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/assia-konsoulova.md - Astrid Beiglböck (person): Executive Director of the Tumour Centre at University Hospital Basel, coordinating the hospital's organ-specific cancer centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/astrid-beiglbock.md - Ate van der Zee (person): Professor who chairs the executive board of University Medical Center Groningen, the academic hospital in the northern Netherlands that houses the UMCG Comprehensive Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ate-van-der-zee.md - Atiporn Ingsathit (person): Physician who directs Ramathibodi Hospital, the university hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital at Mahidol University in Bangkok. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/atiporn-ingsathit.md - Audre Lorde (person): After a mastectomy in 1978 she wrote The Cancer Journals, refusing a prosthesis and the expectation that women hide their cancer. The book became a founding text of patient writing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/audre-lorde.md - Audrius Šimaitis (person): Audrius Šimaitis represents Klaipėda University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Lithuania. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/audrius-simaitis.md - Aurélien Marabelle (person): Aurélien Marabelle is the immunotherapy investigator behind the tumour-agnostic pembrolizumab data in MSI-high cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/aurelien-marabelle.md - Axel Behrens (person): Cancer biologist who directs the Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, the joint Institute of Cancer Research and Imperial College London programme bringing engineering and physical sciences into cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/axel-behrens.md - B. S. Ajaikumar (person): A US-trained oncologist who returned to Bengaluru and built HCG into India's largest specialist cancer hospital chain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ajaikumar-b-s.md - Barbara Bradfield (person): In 1992 she was the first patient with recurrent HER2-positive breast cancer to be treated with the antibody that became Herceptin, in Dennis Slamon's trial at UCLA. She became its first long-term survivor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/barbara-bradfield.md - Barbara Burtness (person): Led KEYNOTE-048, which made pembrolizumab first-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/barbara-burtness.md - Barbara Eichhorst (person): Led CLL13 (GAIA), showing venetoclax-based fixed-duration therapy beats chemoimmunotherapy in fit CLL patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/barbara-eichhorst.md - Barbara Jereczek-Fossa (person): Milan radiation oncologist leading ESTRO, Europe's radiotherapy and oncology society. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/barbara-jereczek-fossa.md - Bas W. Raaymakers (person): Physicist who invented the MR-linac, letting radiotherapy see and adapt to the tumour in real time. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bas-raaymakers.md - Bayli DiVita Dean (person): Bayli DiVita Dean is the scientist and science communicator who runs patient connections at Future of Cancer Care Today; a thirty-minute call with her team is the service's entry point. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bayli-divita-dean.md - Beata Jagielska (person): Clinical oncologist who directs Poland's national cancer institute, the Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beata-jagielska.md - Beatriz Castelo (person): Beatriz Castelo is a medical oncologist in the head and neck programme at La Paz. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beatriz-castelo.md - Behnam Badie (person): Neurosurgeon who delivers CAR-T cells directly into the brain in City of Hope's glioma trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/behnam-badie.md - Ben O'Sullivan (person): Ben O'Sullivan represents University Hospital Waterford in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ben-o-sullivan.md - Benjamin Besse (person): Benjamin Besse is a lung cancer trialist central to the Dato-DXd and HER3-DXd lung programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/benjamin-besse.md - Benjamin Kasenda (person): Basel haematologist-oncologist who co-led phase 2 trials of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous transplant in primary CNS lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/benjamin-kasenda.md - Benjamin Kile (person): Blood cell molecular biologist who has led Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research since 2023, sharpening its focus on genomics, immunology and cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/benjamin-kile.md - Benjamin L. Ebert (person): Discovered how lenalidomide works, launching the field of molecular-glue degraders, and defined clonal haematopoiesis before leading Dana-Farber. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/benjamin-ebert.md - Benjamin Solomon (person): Principal investigator of CROWN, where lorlatinib produced the longest disease control ever recorded for a targeted lung cancer pill. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/solomon-benjamin.md - Bernard Fisher (person): He argued that breast cancer is a systemic disease from early on, then proved in randomised trials that lumpectomy with radiation equals mastectomy and that tamoxifen after surgery, and even before cancer, saves lives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bernard-fisher.md - Bernardo Rubinstein (person): President of the Instituto Alexander Fleming, a private specialist cancer hospital in Buenos Aires that opened in 1994. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bernardo-rubinstein.md - Bert Vogelstein (person): Bert Vogelstein is the most-cited scientist in cancer genetics: he mapped how colorectal cancer develops and founded the field of cancer genome sequencing and blood-based detection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bert-vogelstein.md - Berta Cerda Álvarez (person): Physician who directs Chile's Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, the country's public national cancer institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/berta-cerda-alvarez.md - Bertine Lahuis (person): Chair of the executive board of Radboud university medical centre in Nijmegen, the academic hospital that houses the Radboudumc Centre for Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bertine-lahuis.md - Beth Devine (person): Pharmacist-health economist serving as 2026-2027 President of ISPOR, the global society for health economics and outcomes research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/beth-devine.md - Betty Ford (person): Weeks after becoming First Lady in 1974 she had a mastectomy and, unusually for the time, said so publicly. Clinics recorded a surge of women coming for breast examinations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/betty-ford.md - Biju George (person): Physician who serves as Director of Christian Medical College, Vellore, the not-for-profit teaching hospital and medical school in Tamil Nadu, India. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biju-george.md - Bill Gates (person): The Gates Foundation has committed $4.1 billion to Gavi, the vaccine alliance it helped found in 2000, whose HPV programme had fully immunised nearly 60 million girls against cervical cancer by the end of 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bill-gates.md - Billy Starr (person): After his mother died of melanoma he organised a bike ride across Massachusetts in 1980 with 36 riders; the Pan-Mass Challenge has since raised $1.125 billion for Dana-Farber and passes on every rider-raised dollar. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/billy-starr.md - Binghe Xu (person): Principal investigator of OptiTROP-Breast01, the Chinese trial that got the TROP2 ADC sacituzumab tirumotecan approved before any Western approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xu-binghe.md - Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth (person): Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth represents Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Norway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bjorn-atle-bjornbeth.md - Bob T. Li (person): Ran the trials that made trastuzumab deruxtecan the first HER2-directed drug for lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bob-li.md - Boris C. Pasche (person): Oncologist who leads the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute in Detroit as President and CEO and chairs the Department of Oncology at Wayne State University. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boris-pasche.md - Boubou Hallberg (person): Hospital Director and CEO of Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, one of northern Europe's largest university hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/boubou-hallberg.md - Bradley Cairns (person): Epigenetics researcher who became CEO of Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah in September 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bradley-cairns.md - Bradley E. Bernstein (person): Bradley Bernstein mapped the chromatin landscapes that let cancer cells switch identities and resist drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bradley-bernstein.md - Bradley J. Monk (person): Gynaecologic oncologist who co-led KEYNOTE-826, innovaTV 301 and KEYNOTE-A18, the trials that rebuilt cervical cancer treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bradley-monk.md - Brahim Lakhal (person): Professor appointed by royal decree in 2026 as Director General of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra territorial health group, which runs the Institut National d'Oncologie in Rabat. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brahim-lakhal.md - Brandi Williams Broome (person): Nonprofit executive who leads The V Foundation, a charity that raises money to fund cancer research across the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brandi-williams-broome.md - Brandon Wainwright (person): Geneticist known for work on the genetic drivers of childhood brain cancer who became Director and CEO of QIMR Berghofer, a leading Australian medical research institute, in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brandon-wainwright.md - Brasil Silva Neto (person): Urologist who has served as President of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, a leading Brazilian university hospital, since 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brasil-silva-neto.md - Breda Duggan (person): Breda Duggan represents Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breda-duggan.md - Brenda Hubley (person): Radiation therapist turned health executive who leads Cancer Care Alberta, the provincial cancer programme for Alberta, Canada. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brenda-hubley.md - Brendan Brown (person): Chief Executive of Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, the NHS trust that runs the Leeds Cancer Centre at St James's University Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brendan-brown.md - Brian Druker (person): He pushed a shelved kinase inhibitor through the laboratory and into a 1998 trial when few believed a targeted pill could work. Imatinib made chronic myeloid leukaemia a disease people live with, and became the model for targeted therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brian-druker.md - Brian Huntly (person): Cambridge haematologist and EHA President Elect whose laboratory studies how epigenetic regulators drive leukaemia and how they can be targeted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brian-huntly.md - Brian I. Rini (person): Led KEYNOTE-426, which made pembrolizumab plus axitinib a first-line standard for kidney cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brian-rini.md - Brigitte C. Widemann (person): Led the selumetinib trials that gave children with neurofibromatosis their first approved drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brigitte-widemann.md - Bruce L. Levine (person): Built the manufacturing that turned CAR-T from a lab idea into a product given to thousands of patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bruce-levine.md - Bruce W. Stillman (person): Bruce Stillman discovered how DNA replication starts, the process cancer cells push into overdrive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bruce-stillman.md - Bruno Sangro (person): Hepatologist at Clínica Universidad de Navarra and a leading international investigator in liver cancer systemic therapy and radioembolisation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bruno-sangro.md - Bud Romine (person): A retired railway engineer from Oregon with chronic myeloid leukaemia, he was the first person to take the drug that became Gleevec, in June 1998, after reading about Brian Druker's research in a newspaper. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bud-romine.md - Byoung Chul Cho (person): Co-led MARIPOSA, the trial where amivantamab plus lazertinib beat osimertinib, and a leading figure in Asian lung cancer drug development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cho-byoung-chul.md - C. Ola Landgren (person): Showed that MGUS precedes essentially all myeloma and leads MRD-driven trials aiming for cure without transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ola-landgren.md - C. S. Pramesh (person): The surgeon who built the National Cancer Grid into a network of hundreds of Indian cancer centres and used its buying power to cut cancer drug prices by a median of 82%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pramesh-c-s.md - Caetano Reis e Sousa (person): Immunologist who works out how dendritic cells detect dying tumour cells and start an anti-cancer response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caetano-reis-e-sousa.md - Caicun Zhou (person): Principal investigator of HARMONi-2, the trial where ivonescimab beat pembrolizumab head-to-head, and of the first EGFR-TKI phase 3 in Chinese patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhou-caicun.md - Candace S. Johnson (person): Candace Johnson is a pharmacologist who has led America's oldest cancer centre since 2015. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/candace-johnson.md - Carien L. Creutzberg (person): Led the PORTEC trials that defined who needs radiotherapy for endometrial cancer and brought molecular classification into treatment decisions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carien-creutzberg.md - Carl H. June (person): Developed the CD19 CAR-T therapy that became the first approved gene-modified cell therapy for cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carl-june.md - Carl James (person): Chief executive of the Welsh health trust that runs Velindre Cancer Centre, the specialist cancer hospital for south east Wales. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carl-james.md - Carla Gonçalo (person): Health manager who chairs the board of IPO Lisboa, the Portuguese Oncology Institute in Lisbon, since the board took office in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carla-goncalo.md - Carla van Gils (person): Cancer epidemiologist who co-leads KWF, the Dutch Cancer Society, the Netherlands' largest charitable funder of cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carla-van-gils.md - Carlo Cimbri (person): Carlo Cimbri represents IEO (European Institute of Oncology) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carlo-cimbri.md - Carlos Barrios (person): Carlos Barrios is the most visible Latin American voice in global breast cancer trials and a founder of the region's cooperative group LACOG. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/barrios-carlos.md - Carlos Caldas (person): Led METABRIC, which used 2,000 tumours to define ten genomic subtypes of breast cancer and their long-term outcomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carlos-caldas.md - Carlos Mingo Rodriguez (person): Carlos Mingo Rodriguez represents Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carlos-mingo-rodriguez.md - Carmen Martínez de Pancorbo González (person): Carmen Martínez de Pancorbo González represents Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carmen-martinez-de-pancorbo-gonzalez.md - Carolina Samuelsson (person): Physician and hospital director of Skåne University Hospital, the university hospital serving southern Sweden and home to Lund's cancer services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carolina-samuelsson.md - Carolina Wiesner (person): Carolina Wiesner represents Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Colombia) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Colombia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carolina-wiesner.md - Caroline Dive (person): Built small-cell lung cancer models from circulating tumour cells and leads the Manchester institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caroline-dive.md - Caroline Robert (person): Led KEYNOTE-006 and COMBI-v, the trials that made pembrolizumab and dabrafenib-trametinib standards in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/caroline-robert.md - Carsten Bokemeyer (person): Medical oncologist known for germ cell tumour research and anti-EGFR trials in colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carsten-bokemeyer.md - Carsten Denkert (person): Pathologist who established tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes as a biomarker in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carsten-denkert.md - Cary Adams (person): Long-serving chief executive of the Union for International Cancer Control, the world's largest international cancer membership organisation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cary-adams.md - Catherine J. Wu (person): Led the first personalised neoantigen peptide vaccine trial in melanoma and mapped how CLL evolves under treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/catherine-wu.md - Catherine Thieblemont (person): Led EPCORE NHL-1, the trial that established the subcutaneous bispecific epcoritamab for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/catherine-thieblemont.md - Cathryn Cox (person): Chief Executive of Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Australia's largest paediatric health service and home to the Kids Cancer Centre and Cancer Centre for Children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cathryn-cox.md - César Adolfo Gómez Derch (person): César Adolfo Gómez Derch represents Hospital Clínico San Carlos in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cesar-adolfo-gomez-derch.md - César Gregorio Muñoz Sánchez-Miguel (person): César Gregorio Muñoz Sánchez-Miguel represents Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (HM CIOCC) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cesar-gregorio-munoz-sanchez-miguel.md - Chadwick Boseman (person): He made Black Panther and other films while being treated for colon cancer, which he kept private. His death at 43 in 2020 forced attention on rising colorectal cancer in young adults and its heavier toll on Black Americans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chadwick-boseman.md - Chak-sing Lau (person): Rheumatologist who is Dean of Medicine at the University of Hong Kong, the academic partner of Queen Mary Hospital, and formerly chief of the hospital's Department of Medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chak-sing-lau.md - Changsong Qi (person): First author of the CT041 trials that showed a CAR-T can shrink gastric and pancreatic tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qi-changsong.md - Charles Coutant (person): Charles Coutant represents Centre Georges-François Leclerc in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-coutant.md - Charles D. Blanke (person): Charles Blanke is a GI oncologist who chaired SWOG for a decade and led early imatinib trials in GIST. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-blanke.md - Charles E. Geyer Jr. (person): Breast trialist who co-led OlympiA, showing adjuvant olaparib improves survival in BRCA carriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-geyer.md - Charles F. Kettering (person): The inventor of the electric car starter and head of General Motors research joined Alfred Sloan in the 1940s to establish the Sloan Kettering Institute for cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-kettering.md - Charles L. Sawyers (person): Co-developed imatinib's successor dasatinib and the prostate drug enzalutamide, and explained how cancers resist targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-sawyers.md - Charles M. Perou (person): Defined the molecular subtypes of breast cancer (luminal, HER2-enriched, basal-like) that clinicians now use every day. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-perou.md - Charles M. Rudin (person): Defined the molecular subtypes of small-cell lung cancer and led early trials of DLL3-targeted therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-rudin.md - Charles Swanton (person): Leads TRACERx, the study that follows lung cancers as they evolve, and showed how air pollution can trigger lung cancer without new mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charles-swanton.md - Charlie Gourley (person): Edinburgh medical oncologist and ovarian cancer researcher who is Clinical Director of the CRUK Scotland Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charlie-gourley.md - Charlotte E. Coles (person): Led IMPORT LOW, which showed partial-breast radiotherapy is as effective as whole-breast treatment with fewer side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charlotte-coles.md - Charu Aggarwal (person): Showed that adding blood-based sequencing to tissue testing finds more targetable lung cancer mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/charu-aggarwal.md - Chee Cheng Ean (person): Medical oncologist who leads Singapore's National University Cancer Institute (NCIS), the country's public cancer centre for adults and children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chee-cheng-ean.md - Chen Chien-Tzung (person): Plastic and reconstructive surgeon who leads Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, the flagship medical centre of Taiwan's Chang Gung hospital system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chen-chien-tzung.md - Chen Wei-ming (person): Superintendent who has led Taipei Veterans General Hospital, one of Taiwan's largest medical centres, since January 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chen-wei-ming.md - Cheryl L. Willman (person): Cheryl Willman is a leukaemia genomics pioneer who leads Mayo Clinic's cancer centre across its three sites. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cheryl-willman.md - Chiara Gibertoni (person): General Director of the IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola in Bologna, one of Italy's largest university hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chiara-gibertoni.md - Ching-Hon Pui (person): Led the St. Jude Total Therapy studies that cure over 90% of children with leukaemia without cranial radiation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ching-hon-pui.md - Chong-Jen Yu (person): Pulmonologist appointed Superintendent of National Taiwan University Hospital in August 2025, leading Taiwan's flagship academic medical centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chong-jen-yu.md - Chris Decker (person): Leads CDISC, the non-profit that sets the clinical trial data standards required by FDA and PMDA, including oncology-specific therapeutic area guides. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chris-decker.md - Chris Hillis (person): Blood cancer specialist who leads the Juravinski Cancer Centre, one of Ontario's largest integrated cancer programmes, as Vice President of Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chris-hillis.md - Christian Blank (person): Led NADINA, which showed giving immunotherapy before melanoma surgery beats giving it after. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christian-blank.md - Christian Brandts (person): Haematologist-oncologist who is Managing Director of the University Cancer Center Frankfurt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christian-brandts.md - Christian Capitini (person): Physician who directs the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, the NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre in Madison. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christian-capitini.md - Christian Sauvr (person): Hospital chief executive who leads Sygehus Lillebælt, the Region of Southern Denmark hospital group whose Vejle site is a specialist cancer hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christian-sauvr.md - Christian Singer (person): Gynaecological oncologist at the Medical University of Vienna and ABCSG Vice-President, known for work on breast cancer and hereditary cancer risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christian-singer.md - Christiane Pott (person): Kiel professor of medicine who serves as President of the German Lymphoma Alliance, the umbrella body for German lymphoma study groups, alongside co-president Georg Lenz. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christiane-pott.md - Christina Curtis (person): Showed that colorectal cancers grow as a 'Big Bang' and that metastasis can be seeded years before diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christina-curtis.md - Christine E. Brown (person): Engineered the IL13Rα2 CAR-T cells that produced a complete response in glioblastoma when infused into the brain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christine-brown.md - Christine H. Chung (person): Head and neck oncologist who helped define the genomic subtypes of HPV-positive and HPV-negative disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christine-chung.md - Christof von Kalle (person): Gene therapy pioneer who developed methods to track vector integration in treated patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christof-von-kalle.md - Christophe Le Tourneau (person): Led SHIVA, the first randomised trial of genomics-matched therapy, and heads Institut Curie's early trials unit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christophe-le-tourneau.md - Christophe Tournigand (person): Christophe Tournigand represents AP-HP Henri-Mondor University Hospitals Cancer Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christophe-tournigand.md - Christopher J. Sweeney (person): Led CHAARTED, which showed adding docetaxel to hormone therapy extends survival in newly metastatic prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christopher-sweeney.md - Christopher Lord (person): Co-discovered the synthetic lethality between PARP inhibition and BRCA loss that underlies PARP inhibitor therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chris-lord.md - Christopher M. Booth (person): Oncologist who co-led CHALLENGE and founded Common Sense Oncology to refocus trials on outcomes that matter to patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christopher-booth.md - Christopher R. Flowers (person): Christopher Flowers is a lymphoma specialist who leads MD Anderson's entire medical oncology division. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christopher-flowers.md - Christopher R. Vakoc (person): Found that leukaemias depend on the chromatin reader BRD4, launching BET inhibitors, and mapped transcriptional addictions in sarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christopher-vakoc.md - Christos Fasianos (person): President of the governing board of Saint Savvas, the public anticancer oncology hospital in Athens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christos-fasianos.md - Christos Karapetis (person): Australian medical oncologist whose landmark NEJM analysis showed KRAS mutation predicts lack of benefit from cetuximab in colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/christos-karapetis.md - Claire Harrison (person): Led COMFORT-II, which established ruxolitinib as the first drug for myelofibrosis, and most UK MPN trials since. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/claire-harrison.md - Claudio Cracco (person): Chief executive who runs IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, the research hospital of the Don Calabria religious institute at Negrar near Verona. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/claudio-cracco.md - Claudio Lombardo (person): Long-serving General Manager of the OECI, running the day-to-day operations of Europe's cancer institute network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/claudio-lombardo.md - Claus Belka (person): Claus Belka is a radiation oncologist leading MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy research in Munich. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/claus-belka.md - Clemens Kratochwil (person): Clemens Kratochwil reported the first patients treated with actinium-225 PSMA therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clemens-kratochwil.md - Clifford A. Hudis (person): Clifford Hudis is a breast oncologist who has run ASCO since 2016. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clifford-hudis.md - Constance D. Lehman (person): Breast radiologist who co-developed the Mirai AI model that predicts breast cancer risk from a mammogram. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/constance-lehman.md - Constantine S. Tam (person): Led the zanubrutinib SEQUOIA trial and the first ibrutinib-venetoclax study in mantle cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/constantine-tam.md - Corinne Faivre-Finn (person): Led CONVERT, which set the radiotherapy schedule for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/corinne-faivre-finn.md - Cornelis J. H. van de Velde (person): Surgeon who led the Dutch TME trial, proving standardised rectal surgery with radiotherapy cuts local recurrence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cornelis-van-de-velde.md - Costas A. Lyssiotis (person): Costas Lyssiotis shows how pancreatic tumours feed off their surrounding cells and how to cut the supply. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/costas-lyssiotis.md - Courtney D. DiNardo (person): Led VIALE-A, which made venetoclax plus azacitidine the standard for older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/courtney-dinardo.md - Cristián Ayala Munita (person): General Manager of Fundación Arturo López Pérez, the Chilean non-profit cancer foundation that runs an oncology institute in Santiago. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cristian-ayala-munita.md - Cristina Marchesi (person): Physician and health service manager who has been General Director of the Romagna cancer institute IRST in Meldola since July 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cristina-marchesi.md - Cristina Saura (person): Spanish breast oncologist leading DESTINY-Breast09, which moved trastuzumab deruxtecan into first-line HER2-positive disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cristina-saura.md - Crystal L. Mackall (person): Crystal Mackall is a cell therapy pioneer whose team brought GD2 CAR-T to children with lethal brain tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/crystal-mackall.md - D. Ross Camidge (person): Led the crizotinib and brigatinib trials that defined ALK-targeted lung cancer therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ross-camidge.md - D. Wade Clapp (person): Paediatric haematologist-oncologist and National Academy of Medicine member who is Interim Director of the IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center in Indianapolis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/d-wade-clapp.md - Dae Ho Lee (person): Dae Ho Lee is a thoracic oncologist behind Korean participation in the EGFR, ALK, and MET inhibitor trials that shaped lung cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lee-dae-ho.md - Dale Bramley (person): Public health physician who is Chief Executive of Health New Zealand Te Whatu Ora, the national body that runs Auckland City Hospital and its Te Pūriri o Te Ora cancer and blood service. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dale-bramley.md - Dame Cicely Saunders (person): Nurse, social worker and doctor who opened St Christopher's Hospice in 1967 and established that pain in advanced cancer could be prevented with regular oral morphine and attention to the whole person. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cicely-saunders.md - Dame Deborah James (person): Diagnosed with bowel cancer at 35, she spent five years telling people to check their poo, co-hosted the BBC's You, Me and the Big C, and raised over £11 million for Cancer Research UK in the weeks before her death in 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deborah-james.md - Dan Theodorescu (person): Professor of urology and of cellular and molecular medicine who directs the University of Arizona Cancer Center, the NCI-designated cancer centre in Tucson. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dan-theodorescu.md - Daniel A. Haber (person): Co-discovered EGFR mutations in lung cancer and pioneered circulating tumour cell technology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniel-haber.md - Daniel D. Von Hoff (person): Led the MPACT trial of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and has run more first-in-human cancer trials than almost anyone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniel-von-hoff.md - Daniel E. Spratt (person): Radiation oncologist who built AI models from trial slides to decide which prostate cancer patients need hormone therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniel-spratt.md - Daniel K. Ludwig (person): In 1971 he put nearly all of his international holdings into a cancer research institute that carries his name reluctantly; it has since spent more than $1.8 billion of its own money on cancer science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniel-ludwig.md - Daniel M. Aebersold (person): Radiation oncologist who chairs the directorate of the University Cancer Center Inselspital in Bern. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniel-aebersold.md - Daniel Serin (person): Daniel Serin represents Institut Sainte Catherine in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniel-serin.md - Daniel Staub (person): Daniel Staub represents University Hospital Basel / Tumour Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Switzerland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniel-staub.md - Daniele Piacentini (person): Daniele Piacentini represents Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/daniele-piacentini.md - Dario C. Altieri (person): Cancer biologist who has been President and CEO of The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia since 2015 and directs its NCI-designated Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dario-altieri.md - David A. Palma (person): Led SABR-COMET, the trial that showed treating a few metastases with high-dose radiation can prolong survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-palma.md - David A. Tuveson (person): Built the pancreatic cancer organoid models now used to test drugs against a patient's own tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-tuveson.md - David B. Solit (person): Built MSK-IMPACT, the first FDA-authorised tumour sequencing panel, and the clinical genomics programme behind OncoKB and cBioPortal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-solit.md - David Baker (person): Nobel laureate biochemist who founded and directs the Institute for Protein Design, which builds new proteins for medicine including cancer therapeutics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-baker.md - David Cameron (person): David Cameron is a breast oncologist who chairs the Breast International Group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-cameron.md - David Cunningham (person): Gastrointestinal oncologist who led landmark trials of perioperative chemotherapy in gastric and oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-cunningham.md - David Fennelly (person): Medical oncologist who is Clinical Director for Cancer Services at St Vincent's University Hospital and its UCD Cancer Centre in Dublin, Ireland's largest cancer care provider. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-fennelly.md - David H. Koch (person): Treated for prostate cancer from 1992, he gave MIT $100 million in 2007 to build an institute that puts engineers and cancer biologists under one roof, and MSK $150 million in 2015 for a new outpatient cancer building. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-koch.md - David L. Porter (person): Treated the first adult CLL patients with CAR-T and reported a decade of durable remissions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-porter.md - David Planchard (person): Gustave Roussy thoracic oncologist on the IFCT board, widely published on BRAF- and EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-planchard.md - David Probert (person): Chief Executive of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, which runs the UCH Macmillan Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/david-probert.md - Davide Fornaciari (person): Director general who leads the Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, the health authority that runs the Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova and its oncology research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/davide-fornaciari.md - Dawn L. Hershman (person): Breast oncologist who co-leads SWOG and studies adherence, toxicity, and how care is actually delivered. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dawn-hershman.md - Dean A. Fennell (person): Led CONFIRM and MARS 2, which showed nivolumab helps relapsed mesothelioma and that radical surgery does not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dean-fennell.md - Dean F. Bajorin (person): Led CheckMate 274, which established adjuvant nivolumab after bladder cancer surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dean-bajorin.md - Dearbhaile Collins (person): Medical oncologist who leads cancer services at Cork University Hospital as Clinical Director, with a focus on gynaecological and thoracic cancers and early-phase trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dearbhaile-collins.md - Deb Bulych (person): Long-serving cancer care leader who is President and CEO of the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, the provincial cancer body for Saskatchewan, Canada. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deb-bulych.md - Deborah Schrag (person): Led PATHFINDER, the first prospective study of a multi-cancer blood test in practice, and the PROSPECT rectal cancer trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deb-schrag.md - Deborah Watkins Bruner (person): Nurse scientist who put patient-reported outcomes into cooperative group radiation trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/deborah-bruner.md - Debra Black (person): Her 2007 melanoma diagnosis led her and her husband Leon to found the Melanoma Research Alliance, now the largest private funder of melanoma research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/debra-black.md - Debu Tripathy (person): Leads one of the largest breast medical oncology departments, and led the ribociclib trial in premenopausal women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/debu-tripathy.md - Declan G. Murphy (person): Urologist who co-led proPSMA, the trial that showed PSMA PET should replace CT and bone scan for staging prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/declan-murphy.md - Delia Nicoară (person): Delia Nicoară represents Cancer Free Future Association (CFFA) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Romania. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/delia-nicoara.md - Denis Lacombe (person): Denis Lacombe leads Europe's academic cancer trials organisation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/denis-lacombe.md - Denise A. Galloway (person): Virologist whose HPV research underpinned the vaccines that are eliminating cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/denise-galloway.md - Denise R. Aberle (person): Principal investigator of the National Lung Screening Trial, which first proved CT screening saves lives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/denise-aberle.md - Denise Soares dos Santos (person): Chief executive of BP, the philanthropic Beneficência Portuguesa hospital group in São Paulo whose services include a large oncology programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/denise-soares-dos-santos.md - Dennis J. Slamon (person): Linked HER2 amplification to aggressive breast cancer and drove trastuzumab and later palbociclib to approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dennis-slamon.md - Derrick S. Haslem (person): Medical oncologist who leads the oncology clinical programme across Intermountain Health's cancer centres in Utah and neighbouring states. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/derrick-haslem.md - Devi Shetty (person): The cardiac surgeon who showed that high-volume hospitals can cut the price of complex care by an order of magnitude, a model now applied to cancer at Narayana Health's Bengaluru campus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shetty-devi.md - Dharmendra Singh Gangwar (person): Former Indian Administrative Service secretary and physician who is Chief Executive Officer of the Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre in Delhi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dharmendra-singh-gangwar.md - Diane M. Simeone (person): Pancreatic cancer surgeon-scientist who directs UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diane-simeone.md - Didier Peiffert (person): Didier Peiffert represents Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/didier-peiffert.md - Diệp Bảo Tuấn (person): Physician who directs Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital, the main public cancer hospital serving southern Vietnam. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diep-bao-tuan.md - Dingwei Ye (person): Dingwei Ye is China's leading uro-oncologist, whose department runs the Chinese arms of major prostate and bladder cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ye-dingwei.md - Dirk Schadendorf (person): Melanoma expert who directs the West German Cancer Center at University Hospital Essen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dirk-schadendorf.md - Diwani Msemo (person): Executive Director of the Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Tanzania's national cancer hospital in Dar es Salaam. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/diwani-msemo.md - Do-Youn Oh (person): Principal investigator of TOPAZ-1, the trial that added immunotherapy to first-line chemotherapy for bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oh-do-youn.md - Domenica Lorusso (person): Led KEYNOTE-A18, which showed adding pembrolizumab to chemoradiotherapy improves survival in locally advanced cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/domenica-lorusso.md - Dominique Bazy (person): President of Fondation ARC, the French charitable foundation that funds cancer research, whose board mandate was renewed in June 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dominique-bazy.md - Donald Pinkel (person): As the founding director of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in 1962 he designed Total Therapy, combining drugs with treatment of the brain and spinal fluid, and raised childhood leukaemia cure rates from near zero to about half within a decade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/donald-pinkel.md - Dong-Wan Kim (person): Dong-Wan Kim is a thoracic oncologist central to the ALK and ROS1 inhibitor trials, from crizotinib to brigatinib and beyond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kim-dong-wan.md - Dongsheng Tu (person): Dongsheng Tu is the statistician behind decades of CCTG trials, including the erlotinib and cetuximab studies that changed lung and colorectal cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tu-dongsheng.md - Donna McKay (person): President and CEO of the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the largest private funder of breast cancer research worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/donna-mckay.md - Dorraya El-Ashry (person): Breast cancer biologist and Chief Scientific Officer of the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, directing its global research grant portfolio. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dorraya-el-ashry.md - Douglas A. Levine (person): Surgeon-scientist who led the TCGA endometrial cancer study that created today's four molecular subtypes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/douglas-levine.md - Douglas R. Lowy (person): Co-developed the HPV vaccine technology that is eliminating cervical cancer in vaccinated populations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/douglas-lowy.md - Douglas S. Hawkins (person): Paediatric oncologist who chairs the world's largest childhood cancer research organisation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/douglas-hawkins.md - Drew M. Pardoll (person): Immunologist who helped define the PD-1 pathway's role in cancer and built one of the largest immunotherapy institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drew-pardoll.md - Drew Weissman (person): Drew Weissman is the Nobel laureate whose modified-mRNA discovery underlies mRNA vaccines and now in vivo CAR-T. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/drew-weissman.md - Dung T. Le (person): First author of the studies that showed mismatch-repair-deficient tumours respond to PD-1 blockade regardless of origin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dung-le.md - Eileen M. O'Reilly (person): Leading pancreatic cancer trialist, including the maintenance PARP-inhibitor and germline-BRCA studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eileen-oreilly.md - Einar "Jimmy" Gustafson (person): A 12-year-old lymphoma patient of Sidney Farber whose 1948 radio broadcast launched the Jimmy Fund, which has funded Dana-Farber for more than 75 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/einar-gustafson.md - Eleftherios P. Mamounas (person): Surgeon who chairs the NRG Oncology breast committee and co-led the KATHERINE and B-42 trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eleftherios-mamounas.md - Elena Élez (person): Elena Élez is a colorectal cancer investigator who led the BREAKWATER trial's clinical programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elena-elez.md - Elena Garralda (person): Elena Garralda leads one of Europe's largest phase 1 units. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elena-garralda.md - Eli Broad (person): Eli and Edythe Broad gave $100 million in 2004 to start the Broad Institute and kept giving until their total passed $700 million in 2013; the genomics it produced underpins much of precision oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eli-broad.md - Eli Sprecher (person): Dermatologist and geneticist who has been chief executive of Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, a major Israeli academic hospital, since 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eli-sprecher.md - Eliane Piaggio (person): Eliane Piaggio is an immunologist studying regulatory T cells and immune profiling to guide immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eliane-piaggio.md - Elias Jabbour (person): Leukaemia specialist who built chemotherapy-light regimens combining inotuzumab, blinatumomab and ponatinib for adult ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elias-jabbour.md - Eliezer M. Van Allen (person): Computational oncologist who built open tools for interpreting tumour genomes and predicting response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eliezer-van-allen.md - Elisabete Weiderpass (person): Leads the WHO's cancer research agency, which classifies carcinogens and publishes the world's cancer statistics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/weiderpass-elisabete.md - Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (person): Her 1969 book On Death and Dying, based on interviews with terminally ill patients in a Chicago hospital, made it acceptable for doctors to talk with patients about dying and helped launch the American hospice movement. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elisabeth-kubler-ross.md - Elisabeth Schorb (person): Internal medicine oncologist who directs the Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg and heads its clinical trials unit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elisabeth-schorb.md - Elisabetta Zanon (person): Chief Executive Officer of the European Cancer Organisation, coordinating Europe's oncology community on cancer policy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elisabetta-zanon.md - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf (person): Surgeon-scientist who led IMpassion031 and studies of surgery de-escalation after neoadjuvant immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elizabeth-mittendorf.md - Elizabeth M. Jaffee (person): Pancreatic cancer immunologist who developed the GVAX vaccine and led national cancer policy panels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elizabeth-jaffee.md - Emer Cooke (person): Executive Director of the European Medicines Agency since November 2020, overseeing EU approval of cancer medicines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emer-cooke.md - Emil "Tom" Frei III (person): With Emil Freireich he showed that combinations of drugs could cure childhood leukaemia, then extended the idea to Hodgkin lymphoma and to adjuvant treatment after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emil-frei.md - Emil J Freireich (person): At the NCI in the early 1960s he and Emil Frei gave children four drugs at once, VAMP, against fierce opposition, and turned a uniformly fatal leukaemia into a curable one. He also worked out platelet transfusion. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emil-freireich.md - Emile Voest (person): Led the DRUP trial giving off-label targeted drugs by genomic match, and developed organoid-based testing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emile-voest.md - Emily K. Bergsland (person): Neuroendocrine tumour specialist who helps design the trials that set treatment for these rare cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emily-bergsland.md - Emily Whitehead (person): The first child treated with CAR-T cells, in 2012. Her recovery from relapsed leukaemia turned an experimental idea into an approved therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emily-whitehead.md - Emma Browne (person): Emma Browne represents Irish Cancer Society in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emma-browne.md - Emmanuel Barranger (person): Professor who runs the Centre Antoine Lacassagne, the regional cancer centre in Nice, as its Directeur Général. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/emmanuel-barranger.md - Eniarti (person): Physician who leads Dharmais Cancer Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia's national cancer centre, as its president director. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eniarti.md - Enrique Espinosa (person): Enrique Espinosa is a medical oncologist working on melanoma and gene-expression biomarkers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enrique-espinosa.md - Enriqueta Felip (person): Thoracic oncologist who led IMpower010, establishing adjuvant atezolizumab in lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/enriqueta-felip.md - Erez Barenboim (person): Internal medicine physician and former air force chief medical officer who directs Rabin Medical Center in Petah Tikva, the Clalit hospital whose Beilinson campus houses the Davidoff Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erez-barenboim.md - Eric A. Klein (person): Urologist who led the CCGA study validating the Galleri methylation-based multi-cancer detection test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eric-klein.md - Eric B. Haura (person): Eric Haura is a lung cancer physician-scientist who maps drug-target signalling with proteomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eric-haura.md - Eric Felix Lartigau (person): Eric Felix Lartigau represents Centre Oscar Lambret in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eric-felix-lartigau.md - Eric J. Small (person): Prostate cancer trialist who helped bring abiraterone and sipuleucel-T to patients, and led ASCO in 2025-26. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eric-small.md - Eric P. Winer (person): Breast cancer specialist who leads Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, and who previously ran breast oncology at Dana-Farber for more than two decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eric-winer.md - Eric R. Fearon (person): Co-author of the Fearon-Vogelstein model of how colorectal cancer develops step by step. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eric-fearon.md - Eric Van Cutsem (person): Led CRYSTAL, which established cetuximab in RAS wild-type colorectal cancer, and has shaped ESMO's GI guidelines for two decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eric-van-cutsem.md - Erik G. Wexler (person): Chief executive of Providence, one of the largest not-for-profit health systems in the United States, which runs a network of hospitals and cancer programmes across the western states. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erik-wexler.md - Erik Johnsson (person): Erik Johnsson represents Sahlgrenska University Hospital / Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Sweden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erik-johnsson.md - Erik Sahai (person): Cell biologist studying how the tumour's surroundings help cancer cells invade and resist drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erik-sahai.md - Erin K. O'Shea (person): Systems biologist who has led the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a major funder of US biomedical and cancer research, since 2016. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/erin-oshea.md - Ernst J. Kuipers (person): Ernst J. Kuipers represents Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in The Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ernst-j-kuipers.md - Esteban Langlois (person): Physician who serves as Director Médico of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, one of Argentina's leading non-profit university hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esteban-langlois.md - Ethan Basch (person): Proved that letting patients report symptoms electronically during chemotherapy improves quality of life and survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ethan-basch.md - Eunice S. Wang (person): Eunice Wang is an AML trialist who helped bring FLT3 and menin inhibitors to patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eunice-wang.md - Eva Ciruelos (person): Madrid breast oncologist and Vice President of the SOLTI breast cancer research group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eva-ciruelos.md - Evandro de Azambuja (person): Evandro de Azambuja is a breast oncologist who studies heart safety of HER2-targeted therapy in BIG trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evandro-de-azambuja.md - Evanthia Galanis (person): Evanthia Galanis is a brain tumour specialist who chairs one of the largest US clinical trial networks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evanthia-galanis.md - Evelyn Lauder (person): A breast cancer survivor and Estée Lauder executive who co-created the pink ribbon in 1992 and founded the Breast Cancer Research Foundation in 1993, now one of the largest private funders of breast cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/evelyn-lauder.md - Everett E. Vokes (person): Head and neck cancer leader who established organ-preserving chemoradiation and led ASCO in 2021-22. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/everett-vokes.md - Ewan Birney (person): Computational biologist who directs EMBL-EBI, home of the open genomic and cancer data resources used worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ewan-birney.md - Eytan M. Stein (person): Led the enasidenib and revumenib trials that brought IDH2 and menin inhibitors to acute leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/eytan-stein.md - Ezra E. W. Cohen (person): Led KEYNOTE-040, which showed pembrolizumab improves survival in previously treated head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ezra-cohen.md - F. Stephen Hodi (person): First author of the 2010 ipilimumab trial that proved immunotherapy could extend survival in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/f-stephen-hodi.md - Fabrice André (person): Breast cancer geneticist who led SOLAR-1 and the SAFIR precision-medicine trials; ESMO President 2025-2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fabrice-andre.md - Fabrice Barlesi (person): Fabrice Barlesi runs Europe's largest cancer centre and is a leading lung cancer trialist. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fabrice-barlesi.md - Faisal Mahmood (person): Built UNI and CONCH, the pathology foundation models that let AI read whole-slide images across cancer types. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/faisal-mahmood.md - Faisal Sultan (person): Physician who is Chief Executive Officer of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan's philanthropic cancer hospital network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/faisal-sultan.md - Fan Daiming (person): Academician who presides over the China Anti-Cancer Association, China's national oncology society with branches in every province and around 260,000 individual members. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fan-daiming.md - Fangliang (Frank) Zhang (person): Frank Zhang founded GenScript and its cell therapy spin-out Legend Biotech, whose Nanjing team invented the myeloma CAR-T that became Carvykti. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhang-fangliang.md - Farhat Abbas (person): Urological surgeon who is Chief Executive Officer of the Aga Khan University Hospital and Health System in Pakistan, based at the Karachi teaching hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/farhat-abbas.md - Fei Ma (person): A breast oncologist who led Chinese pyrotinib and ADC trials and studies of ctDNA in HER2-positive disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ma-fei.md - Feng Wang (person): A GI oncologist whose work on immunotherapy biomarkers and Chinese gastric cancer trials feeds global guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wang-feng-sysucc.md - Feng Zhang (person): Pioneer of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in human cells, the tool behind cancer dependency screens and edited cell therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/feng-zhang.md - Ferdinandos Skoulidis (person): Led CodeBreaK 100, the trial that made sotorasib the first approved KRAS inhibitor, and showed STK11/KEAP1 co-mutations blunt immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ferdinandos-skoulidis.md - Fernando Peláez (person): Biologist and long-time CNIO director of biotechnology programmes who became Acting Scientific Director of Spain's national cancer research centre in 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fernando-pelaez.md - Filippo de Braud (person): Filippo de Braud heads medical oncology and the phase 1 programme at Italy's national cancer institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/filippo-de-braud.md - Fiona Blackhall (person): Fiona Blackhall is a thoracic oncologist leading small-cell lung cancer trials and biomarker research at The Christie. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fiona-blackhall.md - Flávio Daniel Saavedra Tomasich (person): Abdominal cancer surgeon who chairs the governing board of the Liga Paranaense de Combate ao Câncer, the body that runs Hospital Erasto Gaertner in Curitiba. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/flavio-tomasich.md - Florian Lordick (person): German GI oncologist who leads ESMO's gastric cancer guidelines and pivotal perioperative trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/florian-lordick.md - Florian R. Greten (person): Tumour biologist known for linking inflammation to cancer, directing the Georg-Speyer-Haus within UCT Frankfurt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/florian-greten.md - Florian Roser (person): Neurosurgeon specialising in brain and skull base tumours, serving as Chief Medical Officer of Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/florian-roser.md - Fran Visco (person): A lawyer treated for breast cancer in 1987 who built the National Breast Cancer Coalition and won the Department of Defense breast cancer programme, the first to put trained patient advocates on scientific review panels. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fran-visco.md - Francesco De Lorenzo (person): Francesco De Lorenzo represents FAVO, Italian Federation of Voluntary Associations in Oncology in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/francesco-de-lorenzo.md - Francisca Vazquez (person): Francisca Vazquez leads DepMap, the public map of which genes each cancer cell line cannot live without. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/francisca-vazquez.md - Francisco Berrospi Espinoza (person): Cancer surgeon who heads Peru's national cancer institute, INEN, after more than two decades as an abdominal surgeon there. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/francisco-berrospi-espinoza.md - Franck Morschhauser (person): Lille haematologist and President of LYSA, the French-Belgian lymphoma cooperative group, who led the RELEVANCE trial of chemotherapy-free therapy in follicular lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/franck-morschhauser.md - Franco Cavalli (person): Swiss oncologist who presides over the board of the international study group that runs clinical trials in lymphomas arising outside the lymph nodes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/franco-cavalli.md - François-Clément Bidard (person): Led PADA-1, the first trial to switch endocrine therapy on a rising ESR1 mutation in blood. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/francois-clement-bidard.md - Frank McCormick (person): RAS biologist who founded Onyx Pharmaceuticals and led the NCI's national effort to drug RAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frank-mccormick.md - Frank Vermassen (person): Frank Vermassen represents Ghent University Hospital / Cancer Research Institute Ghent in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Belgium. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frank-vermassen.md - Freddie Bray (person): Freddie Bray runs GLOBOCAN, the source of the world's cancer incidence and mortality figures. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bray-freddie.md - Freddie C. Hamdy (person): Led ProtecT, the trial that showed monitoring, surgery and radiotherapy give equally low prostate cancer death rates at 15 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/freddie-hamdy.md - Frederick L. Locke (person): Led the ZUMA-7 trial that put CAR-T ahead of transplant in relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frederick-locke.md - Frederik Giesel (person): Frederik Giesel co-developed FAPI PET imaging and now leads nuclear medicine in Düsseldorf. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frederik-giesel.md - Frédérique Penault-Llorca (person): Professor who directs Centre Jean Perrin, the comprehensive cancer centre for the Auvergne region in Clermont-Ferrand, now in her second five-year term. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/frederique-penault-llorca.md - Funda Meric-Bernstam (person): Funda Meric-Bernstam runs the world's largest phase 1 programme and led the tumour-agnostic HER2 ADC study. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/funda-meric-bernstam.md - Gabriel N. Hortobagyi (person): Breast oncologist who led MONALEESA-2, the first CDK4/6 trial to show an overall survival gain in first-line HR-positive disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gabriel-hortobagyi.md - Gad Getz (person): Wrote the algorithms (MuTect, MutSig, ABSOLUTE) that most cancer genome studies use to find mutations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gad-getz.md - Gary H. Lyman (person): Gary Lyman is an oncologist and health economist behind guidelines on growth factors, thrombosis, and biosimilars in cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gary-lyman.md - Gaurav Narula (person): A paediatric oncologist at Tata Memorial who led the leukaemia arm of India's first CAR-T trials and runs national childhood leukaemia protocols. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/narula-gaurav.md - Ge Li (person): Ge Li founded WuXi AppTec in Shanghai in 2000 and built the contract research and manufacturing network that much of the world's cancer pipeline now depends on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-ge.md - Geerard Beets (person): Colorectal surgeon and ESSO President, internationally known for watch-and-wait organ preservation in rectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geerard-beets.md - Gemma Peters (person): Chief Executive of Macmillan Cancer Support, the UK charity that provides practical, emotional and financial support to people living with cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gemma-peters.md - Geoff Parnell (person): Oesophageal cancer survivor and business executive who chairs the board of GI Cancer Trials (the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geoff-parnell.md - George D. Demetri (person): Led the imatinib trial in GIST that proved a targeted drug could melt away a solid tumour, and every GIST kinase inhibitor since. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/george-demetri.md - Georges-Pascal Haber (person): Urologic oncologist and robotic surgeon who is Chief Executive Officer of Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/georges-pascal-haber.md - Georgina V. Long (person): Melanoma trialist who led COMBI-d, COMBI-AD and NADINA, moving immunotherapy before surgery for stage III disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/georgina-long.md - Georgios Kapetanakis (person): Georgios Kapetanakis represents Hellenic Cancer Federation (ELLOK) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Greece. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/georgios-kapetanakis.md - Geraline Leusink (person): Chair of the executive board of Rijnstate, the teaching hospital serving Arnhem and the surrounding region of Gelderland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/geraline-leusink.md - Gérard Zalcman (person): Gérard Zalcman represents Cancer Institute AP-HP Nord, Université Paris Cité in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gerard-zalcman.md - Gerardo D. Legaspi (person): Physician who directs the Philippine General Hospital, the largest government tertiary hospital in the Philippines and the national referral centre run by the University of the Philippines Manila. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gerardo-legaspi.md - Gert Boyle (person): In 2014 the Columbia Sportswear chairwoman gave $100 million to OHSU's Knight Cancer Institute, the largest single contribution toward matching Phil and Penny Knight's $500 million challenge. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gert-boyle.md - Gertrude Elion (person): Without a doctorate, she and George Hitchings designed drugs to block DNA building blocks. Their 6-mercaptopurine of 1951 remains part of the cure for childhood leukaemia; she won the Nobel Prize in 1988. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gertrude-elion.md - Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa (person): Led HIMALAYA and ClarIDHy, which gave liver cancer a dual-immunotherapy option and biliary cancer its first targeted drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ghassan-abou-alfa.md - Ghayas C. Issa (person): First author of the revumenib trial that created the menin inhibitor class for acute leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ghayas-issa.md - Giampaolo Tortora (person): Giampaolo Tortora is a medical oncologist who directs the Gemelli comprehensive cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giampaolo-tortora.md - Gianvito Martino (person): Neurologist and neural stem cell researcher who serves as Scientific Director of IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele in Milan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gianvito-martino.md - Gilda Radner (person): The Saturday Night Live star wrote about her ovarian cancer in It's Always Something and died at 42 in 1989. Her name lives on in Gilda's Club and the familial ovarian cancer registry at Roswell Park. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gilda-radner.md - Gilles Salles (person): Led PRIMA, which established rituximab maintenance in follicular lymphoma, and co-chaired POLARIX in DLBCL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gilles-salles.md - Gilles Vassal (person): Gustave Roussy paediatric oncologist and past SIOPE president who leads its oncopolicy work and helped shape European paediatric medicines regulation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gilles-vassal.md - Giovanni Blandino (person): Molecular oncologist known for mutant p53 research, appointed Scientific Director of Rome's Regina Elena National Cancer Institute in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giovanni-blandino.md - Giovanni Scambia (person): Giovanni Scambia is a gynaecologic oncologist who leads research at the Gemelli hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giovanni-scambia.md - Giuliana Càrdenas Gamarra (person): Giuliana Càrdenas Gamarra represents Oncosalud (AUNA) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Peru. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giuliana-cardenas-gamarra.md - Giulio Draetta (person): MD Anderson's chief scientist, a cell-cycle biologist who ran drug discovery in industry before leading the centre's research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giulio-draetta.md - Giuseppe Curigliano (person): Breast oncologist and phase 1 leader who co-led DESTINY-Breast06 and shaped the HER2-low concept. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giuseppe-curigliano.md - Giuseppe Tonutti (person): Health manager who serves as Director General of the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, the national cancer research hospital (IRCCS) in Friuli Venezia Giulia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/giuseppe-tonutti.md - Goh Boon Cher (person): Senior medical oncologist and translational researcher who leads research at NCIS, with a long record in experimental therapeutics and head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/goh-boon-cher.md - Goh Cheng Liang (person): His Goh Foundation's $50 million gift built the Goh Cheng Liang Proton Therapy Centre at the National Cancer Centre Singapore, the only public proton therapy service in the country. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/goh-cheng-liang.md - Gordon J. Freeman (person): Showed that PD-L1 is the ligand for PD-1 and that the pair switches T cells off, the foundation of checkpoint immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gordon-freeman.md - Govindan Rangarajan (person): Mathematician who directs the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru, India's leading research university and home to cancer biology and bioengineering groups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/govindan-rangarajan.md - Graham H. Jackson (person): Led Myeloma XI, the 4,000-patient UK trial that proved lenalidomide maintenance extends survival after transplant. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/graham-jackson.md - Grant McArthur (person): A melanoma pioneer who led the vemurafenib and cobimetinib trials and now heads Victoria's cancer alliance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mcarthur-grant.md - Gunter von Minckwitz (person): Founded the German Breast Group and led KATHERINE, which made T-DM1 standard after residual disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gunter-von-minckwitz.md - Gustaf Storm (person): Gustaf Storm represents Capio S:t Göran's Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Sweden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gustaf-storm.md - Gustavo Galmozzi (person): Gustavo Galmozzi represents Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gustavo-galmozzi.md - H.M.W. Verheul (person): H.M.W. Verheul represents Erasmus MC Cancer Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in The Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/h-m-w-verheul.md - Hagen F. Kennecke (person): Hagen Kennecke is a GI oncologist who leads SWOG's gastrointestinal and melanoma committees. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hagen-kennecke.md - Hagop M. Kantarjian (person): Hagop Kantarjian is one of the most prolific leukaemia investigators alive, and helped bring more than a dozen leukaemia drugs to approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hagop-kantarjian.md - Haiko Bloemendal (person): Haiko Bloemendal represents Radboudumc Centre for Oncology in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in The Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/haiko-bloemendal.md - Han-Kwang Yang (person): Leading Korean gastric cancer surgeon and KLASS trial investigator who is President of the National Cancer Center Korea. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/han-kwang-yang.md - Hanno Glimm (person): Medical oncologist who co-directs NCT/UCC Dresden and co-leads the NCT/DKFZ MASTER precision oncology programme for rare and young-onset cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hanno-glimm.md - Hans van Goudoever (person): Chair of the executive board of Amsterdam UMC, the merged university medical centre whose research institute Cancer Center Amsterdam brings together the city's cancer research and care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hans-van-goudoever.md - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren (person): Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren proposed the missing-self hypothesis of NK cell recognition. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hans-gustaf-ljunggren.md - Hans-Peter Kiem (person): Hans-Peter Kiem is a gene and cell therapy researcher working on editing blood stem cells inside the body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hans-peter-kiem.md - Harald zur Hausen (person): Against the consensus that herpes was to blame, he proposed in 1976 that papillomaviruses cause cervical cancer and isolated HPV16 and HPV18 from tumours in 1983-84, making vaccination and HPV testing possible. Nobel Prize 2008. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harald-zur-hausen.md - Harlan M. Krumholz (person): Yale outcomes researcher who founded and leads the YODA Project for independent access to clinical trial data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harlan-krumholz.md - Harry J. de Koning (person): Led the NELSON trial, which confirmed CT screening cuts lung cancer deaths in Europe and shaped screening policy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/harry-de-koning.md - Hartmut Döhner (person): Leads the European LeukemiaNet classification that defines how AML is diagnosed and risk-stratified worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hartmut-dohner.md - Haruhiko Fukuda (person): Built the data centre behind the Japan Clinical Oncology Group, the country's main academic trials network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fukuda-haruhiko.md - Hashim U. Ahmed (person): Led PROMIS, the trial that showed MRI can safely spare a quarter of men from prostate biopsy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hashim-ahmed.md - Hasmukh Jain (person): First author of the phase 1/2 trial of India's first CAR-T therapy, which treated adults with relapsed lymphoma and leukaemia at six Indian centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jain-hasmukh.md - Hatem Soliman (person): Hatem Soliman is a breast oncologist leading immunotherapy and genomic-assay trials, including in triple-negative disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hatem-soliman.md - Heather A. Wakelee (person): Heather Wakelee is a lung cancer leader who led the first adjuvant immunotherapy trial to change practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/heather-wakelee.md - Hedy L. Kindler (person): Senior investigator of POLO and a leader in mesothelioma trials, including the ASCO guidelines for the disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hedy-kindler.md - Heinz-Josef Lenz (person): Colorectal oncologist who led CheckMate 142 and co-led CheckMate 8HW, bringing nivolumab plus ipilimumab to MSI-high disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/heinz-josef-lenz.md - Helen Diller (person): The cancer centre at UCSF carries her name, and in 2017 the Helen Diller Foundation gave UCSF $500 million, the largest gift in its history, bringing the family's total there to $650 million. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helen-diller.md - Helen Mertens (person): Gynaecologist with a doctorate in gynaecological cancer research who chairs the executive board of Maastricht UMC+, the university medical centre that runs the Maastricht comprehensive cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helen-mertens.md - Helena A. Yu (person): Mapped how EGFR-mutant lung cancers resist osimertinib and led the HER3-directed ADC trials that followed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helena-yu.md - Helena Earl (person): Led PERSEPHONE, which showed six months of trastuzumab is nearly as good as twelve for most patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helena-earl.md - Helena Isàbal Roca (person): Helena Isàbal Roca represents Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/helena-isabal-roca.md - Henrietta Lacks (person): Her cervical cancer cells, taken in 1951 without her knowledge, became HeLa, the first immortal human cell line. Her story changed how consent and family rights in research are handled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/henrietta-lacks.md - Henrique Prata (person): Health manager who presides over Hospital de Amor in Barretos, one of the largest philanthropic cancer hospitals in Latin America. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/henrique-prata.md - Herbert Irving (person): Herbert and Florence Irving's gifts to Columbia began with $8.5 million in 1987, founded its cancer centre in 1995 and ended with a $700 million bequest in 2017 for cancer research; the total passed $900 million. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/herbert-irving.md - Hermann Brenner (person): Epidemiologist whose studies underpin colonoscopy and stool-test screening for bowel cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hermann-brenner.md - Hervé Tilly (person): Principal investigator of POLARIX, the trial that gave DLBCL its first improvement on R-CHOP in twenty years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/herve-tilly.md - Hidetoshi Hayashi (person): Vice-President of JSMO and thoracic medical oncologist at Kindai University known for clinical trials of targeted therapies in lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hidetoshi-hayashi.md - Hien Le (person): Adelaide radiation oncologist who chairs TROG's Scientific Committee and is its President Elect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hien-le.md - Hisham Mehanna (person): Surgeon who led De-ESCALaTE and PET-NECK, two trials that changed how HPV-positive throat cancer is treated and followed up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hisham-mehanna.md - Hitoshi Ishikawa (person): Radiation specialist who has directed QST Hospital in Chiba, Japan's pioneering carbon ion radiotherapy hospital, since April 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hitoshi-ishikawa.md - Hitoshi Nakagama (person): Leads Japan's national cancer centre, the hub of the country's genomic medicine and early-phase trial programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nakagama-hitoshi.md - Ho Yeong Lim (person): A liver cancer oncologist who has been on the steering group of several global HCC trials with strong Asian enrolment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lim-ho-yeong.md - Hope S. Rugo (person): Breast oncologist who led key ADC and CDK4/6 trials and moved from UCSF to City of Hope in 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hope-rugo.md - Howard I. Scher (person): Defined how prostate cancer trials are run and read, from PSA working-group criteria to circulating tumour cell biomarkers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/howard-scher.md - Howard L. Kaufman (person): Led OPTiM, the trial that made talimogene laherparepvec the first approved oncolytic virus therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/howard-kaufman.md - Hu Junbo (person): Gastrointestinal surgeon who has been President of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, one of China's top-ranked general hospitals, since December 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hu-junbo.md - Huang Guo (person): Commissioner of China's National Medical Products Administration, the regulator whose Center for Drug Evaluation reviews new cancer drugs for the Chinese market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/huang-guo.md - Hubert Serve (person): Leukaemia specialist heading haematology and oncology at University Hospital Frankfurt and co-author of the pivotal RATIFY midostaurin trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hubert-serve.md - Hugo Ford (person): Hugo Ford represents Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre / CRUK Cambridge Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in United Kingdom. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hugo-ford.md - Hussein A. Tawbi (person): Led RELATIVITY-047, which made relatlimab the first approved LAG-3 inhibitor, and the trial that showed immunotherapy works in melanoma brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hussein-tawbi.md - Hye Ryun Kim (person): A Yonsei oncologist who has led checkpoint-inhibitor and combination trials in lung and head-and-neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kim-hye-ryun.md - Iain Foulkes (person): Iain Foulkes directs the research portfolio of Cancer Research UK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iain-foulkes.md - Ian Cree (person): Ian Cree edits the WHO 'Blue Books', the classification every pathologist uses to name a cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cree-ian.md - Ian Davis (person): Melbourne medical oncologist who chairs ANZUP, the Australia and New Zealand urogenital and prostate cancer trials group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ian-davis.md - Ian E. Krop (person): Breast oncologist who took T-DM1 and then trastuzumab deruxtecan from first-in-human studies to approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ian-krop.md - Ian F. Tannock (person): Led TAX 327, which made docetaxel the first life-extending chemotherapy for prostate cancer, and has spent decades pressing for higher trial standards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ian-tannock.md - Ian Frazer (person): In 1991 he and Jian Zhou made HPV virus-like particles in the laboratory, the basis of the vaccines that could eliminate cervical cancer. Australia, where the vaccine was rolled out first, is on course to do so. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ian-frazer.md - Ida Danmark (person): Regional health manager who heads the Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Care, the Region Östergötland centre that runs cancer services at Linköping University Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ida-danmark.md - Ignace Vergote (person): Led the EORTC trial that made neoadjuvant chemotherapy acceptable in ovarian cancer and innovaTV 301, the first ADC survival win in cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ignace-vergote.md - Ignacio Melero (person): Spanish immunologist who pioneered CD137 agonist antibodies and intratumoural immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ignacio-melero.md - Igor Kiss (person): Medical oncologist responsible for clinical care at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, with expertise in gastrointestinal oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/igor-kiss.md - Igor Puzanov (person): Led the first talimogene laherparepvec plus ipilimumab study and co-wrote the immune toxicity management guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/igor-puzanov.md - Igor Stojkovski (person): Igor Stojkovski represents University Clinic for Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in North Macedonia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/igor-stojkovski.md - Ilaria Panzini (person): Ilaria Panzini represents IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ilaria-panzini.md - Inge Buyse (person): Chief executive who runs AZ Groeninge in Kortrijk, the large Belgian general hospital whose cancer centre serves the south of West Flanders. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inge-buyse.md - Inge Marie Svane (person): Led the Dutch-Danish trial that proved TIL therapy beats ipilimumab in melanoma, the first randomised win for a cell therapy in a solid tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/inge-marie-svane.md - Ingo K. Mellinghoff (person): Led INDIGO, the trial that made vorasidenib the first targeted therapy for low-grade IDH-mutant glioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ingo-mellinghoff.md - Irving L. Weissman (person): Isolated the first blood stem cells and discovered the 'don't eat me' signal CD47 on cancer cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/irving-weissman.md - Isabel T. Rubio (person): Breast surgeon and ESSO Past-President who heads breast surgical oncology at Clínica Universidad de Navarra in Madrid. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isabel-rubio.md - Isabelle Ray-Coquard (person): Led PAOLA-1, which showed olaparib plus bevacizumab helps women with HRD-positive ovarian cancer beyond BRCA carriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/isabelle-ray-coquard.md - Ivan S. Stilidi (person): Ivan S. Stilidi represents N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its associate members in the Russian Federation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ivan-s-stilidi.md - Iwona Ługowska (person): Polish medical oncologist and sarcoma specialist who serves as President of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iwona-lugowska.md - Iwona Maroszyńska (person): Iwona Maroszyńska represents Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Poland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/iwona-maroszynska.md - J. Jan B. van Lanschot (person): Surgeon who led the CROSS trial, which made chemoradiotherapy before surgery the standard for oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jan-van-lanschot.md - J. Silvio Gutkind (person): Cancer pharmacologist at UC San Diego known for work on G-protein signalling and mTOR-targeted therapy in head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/j-silvio-gutkind.md - Jacinta Abraham (person): Jacinta Abraham represents Velindre Cancer Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in United Kingdom. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jacinta-abraham.md - Jacinta Reddan (person): Chief executive of Cancer Council Australia, the national body of Australia's state and territory cancer councils, which leads cancer control advocacy and research funding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jacinta-reddan.md - Jack Cuzick (person): Epidemiologist who led IBIS-I and IBIS-II, proving tamoxifen and anastrozole prevent breast cancer in high-risk women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jack-cuzick.md - Jackson Orem (person): Medical oncologist who has led the Uganda Cancer Institute in Kampala, East Africa's principal cancer research and treatment centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jackson-orem.md - Jade Goody (person): A reality-television star whose cervical cancer and death at 27 in 2009 were followed by hundreds of thousands of extra cervical screening tests in England: the "Jade Goody effect". https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jade-goody.md - Jae H. Park (person): Ran the long-term CD19 CAR-T studies in adult leukaemia that showed durable remissions and defined toxicity risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jae-park.md - Jae Lyun Lee (person): Jae Lyun Lee is a genitourinary oncologist who brought Korean cohorts into the enfortumab, pembrolizumab, and PARP-inhibitor GU trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lee-jae-lyun.md - Jaffer A. Ajani (person): Gastro-oesophageal oncologist who co-led CheckMate 649, the trial that added nivolumab to first-line gastric cancer chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jaffer-ajani.md - Jaime Feliu (person): Heads medical oncology at La Paz with a focus on gastrointestinal and older-patient oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jaime-feliu.md - Jakob Nikolas Kather (person): Showed that deep learning can read genetic features like microsatellite instability directly from routine pathology slides. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jakob-nikolas-kather.md - Jakub Kraszewski (person): Jakub Kraszewski represents University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Poland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jakub-kraszewski.md - Jalid Sehouli (person): Berlin gynaecological oncologist and ESGO President, a leading ovarian cancer surgeon and trialist within the AGO study group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jalid-sehouli.md - Jame Abraham (person): Jame Abraham leads medical oncology at Cleveland Clinic and its breast cancer trial programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jame-abraham.md - James Brenton (person): Cambridge medical oncologist and Interim Deputy Director of the CRUK Cambridge Institute, a leader in ovarian cancer genomics and ctDNA monitoring. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/james-brenton.md - James C. Yao (person): Led the RADIANT trials that made everolimus a standard therapy for pancreatic and other neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/james-yao.md - James L. Gulley (person): Runs NCI's immuno-oncology clinical programme, from prostate cancer vaccines to bifunctional checkpoint fusion proteins. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/james-gulley.md - James Larkin (person): Melanoma and kidney cancer trialist who co-led CheckMate 067, the trial with 10-year immunotherapy survival data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/james-larkin.md - James P. Allison (person): Discovered that blocking CTLA-4 unleashes T cells against cancer, the work behind ipilimumab and the 2018 Nobel Prize. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/james-allison.md - James R. Downing (person): Hematopathologist and cancer genomics pioneer who has led St. Jude Children's Research Hospital since 2014. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/james-r-downing.md - Jan B. Vermorken (person): Led EXTREME and TAX 323, which defined the chemotherapy standards for head and neck cancer for a decade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jan-vermorken.md - Jane Cooke Wright (person): At Harlem Hospital in the 1950s she showed methotrexate could shrink breast and skin cancers, tested drugs on patients' own tumour cells, and in 1964 was the only woman among the seven founders of ASCO. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jane-cooke-wright.md - Janet Dancey (person): Runs Canada's academic cancer trials network, which has led practice-changing trials from PA.3 to CO.17 and beyond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dancey-janet.md - Janet Rowley (person): Working part-time at her dining-room table in 1972, she showed the Philadelphia chromosome in CML is a swap between chromosomes 9 and 22. Cancer had a genetic cause, and imatinib later hit the fused gene. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/janet-rowley.md - Janja Ocvirk (person): Medical oncologist and Medical Director of the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, with research in melanoma and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/janja-ocvirk.md - Jannick Brennum (person): Jannick Brennum represents Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Denmark. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jannick-brennum.md - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski (person): Jaroslaw Maciejewski is a leukaemia geneticist who defined the mutational landscape of myelodysplastic syndromes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jaroslaw-maciejewski.md - Jasna Trifunovic (person): Jasna Trifunovic represents Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Serbia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jasna-trifunovic.md - Jason Carroll (person): Molecular oncologist and Interim Director of the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, known for mapping how the oestrogen receptor drives breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jason-carroll.md - Jason J. Luke (person): Led KEYNOTE-716, which extended adjuvant pembrolizumab to high-risk stage II melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jason-luke.md - Jason R. Westin (person): Led the ZUMA-7 overall survival analysis that made CAR-T the standard second-line therapy for early-relapsing lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jason-westin.md - Jason S. Lewis (person): Radiochemist who built the zirconium-89 immuno-PET platform and MSKCC's radiopharmaceutical pipeline. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jason-lewis.md - Jaume Raventós i Monjo (person): Managing Director of Hospital del Mar in Barcelona, an academic hospital with a strong cancer research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jaume-raventos-i-monjo.md - Javier Arcos (person): Physician and hospital manager who is Gerente of Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, the Quirónsalud-run public university hospital in Madrid. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/javier-arcos.md - Javier Arcos Campillo (person): Javier Arcos Campillo represents Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/javier-arcos-campillo.md - Javier Cortés (person): Breast oncologist who led DESTINY-Breast03 and DESTINY-Breast09, the trials that made Enhertu the HER2-positive standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/javier-cortes.md - Jay Schnitzer (person): Physician-scientist who directs the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, the US national laboratory dedicated to cancer and AIDS research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jay-schnitzer.md - Jean Bourhis (person): Radiation oncologist behind the MACH-NC meta-analyses that proved chemoradiotherapy helps head and neck cancer, and the first FLASH-treated patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jean-bourhis.md - Jean Lessi (person): Director General of the Haute Autorité de Santé, responsible for the agency's operations since January 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jean-lessi.md - Jean-Charles Soria (person): Ran the phase 1 unit that pioneered many targeted therapies, and led the FLAURA trial that made osimertinib first-line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jean-charles-soria.md - Jean-François Fortin Verreault (person): Chief executive of the CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, the Quebec health authority that runs Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont and its haemato-oncology and cell therapy institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jean-francois-fortin-verreault.md - Jean-Philippe Spano (person): Jean-Philippe Spano represents Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie AP-HP Sorbonne Université in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jean-philippe-spano.md - Jean-Pierre Delord (person): Medical oncologist who leads the IUCT Oncopole cooperation group in Toulouse and runs early-phase cancer drug trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jean-pierre-delord.md - Jean-Yves Blay (person): Sarcoma expert who leads Centre Léon Bérard and the French cancer centre network UNICANCER. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jean-yves-blay.md - Jeanne Tie (person): Led DYNAMIC, the first randomised trial to show ctDNA can safely guide who needs chemotherapy after colon cancer surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jeanne-tie.md - Jedd D. Wolchok (person): Led CheckMate 067, the trial whose ten-year data showed half of advanced melanoma patients on nivolumab plus ipilimumab are alive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jedd-wolchok.md - Jeeyun Lee (person): A gastric cancer trialist who pioneered biomarker-driven umbrella trials in Korea and helped bring HER2 and Claudin 18.2 agents to Asian patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lee-jeeyun.md - Jeffrey D. Bradley (person): Led RTOG 0617, the trial that showed higher radiation doses do not help in stage III lung cancer and set today's 60 Gy standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jeffrey-bradley.md - Jeffrey Miller (person): Physician who directs the Masonic Cancer Center at the University of Minnesota, the NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre in Minneapolis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jeffrey-miller.md - Jeffrey S. Dome (person): Led the COG renal tumour committee that used biology to tailor Wilms tumour treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jeffrey-dome.md - Jeffrey S. Weber (person): Led CheckMate 238, which made adjuvant nivolumab standard after melanoma surgery, and co-led the mRNA vaccine trial KEYNOTE-942. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jeffrey-weber.md - Jennifer A. Wargo (person): Surgeon-scientist who showed the gut microbiome shapes response to immunotherapy and led early neoadjuvant melanoma trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jennifer-wargo.md - Jennifer A. Woyach (person): Led Alliance A041202, which showed ibrutinib beats chemoimmunotherapy in older CLL patients, and discovered BTK C481S resistance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jennifer-woyach.md - Jennifer K. Litton (person): Jennifer Litton led the EMBRACA trial that brought talazoparib to BRCA-mutated breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jennifer-litton.md - Jennifer R. Brown (person): Led ALPINE, the first head-to-head trial in which a next-generation BTK inhibitor (zanubrutinib) beat ibrutinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jennifer-brown.md - Jennifer S. Temel (person): Showed that early palliative care helps lung cancer patients live better and longer, changing oncology guidelines worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jennifer-temel.md - Jennifer Welsh (person): Chief executive since October 2025 of Belfast Trust, which runs the Northern Ireland Cancer Centre at Belfast City Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jennifer-welsh.md - Jens Overgaard (person): Pioneering radiation oncologist at Aarhus who led the DAHANCA trials on hypoxia modification and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jens-overgaard.md - Jeremie Calais (person): Runs the UCLA theranostics trials that test PSMA imaging against conventional scans and lutetium against chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jeremie-calais.md - Jerome Coffey (person): Jerome Coffey represents Mater Private Network in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jerome-coffey.md - Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo (person): Professor of medicine and gastroenterologist who is Chief Medical Director of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria's oldest teaching hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jesse-otegbayo.md - Jesús Fernández Galán (person): Jesús Fernández Galán represents Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jesus-fernandez-galan.md - Jesús G. Berdeja (person): Led CARTITUDE-1, the trial that brought ciltacabtagene autoleucel, the most active myeloma CAR-T, to approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jesus-berdeja.md - Jesús San Miguel (person): Hematologist who chairs the Cancer Center CUN internal scientific committee and is one of the most influential clinical investigators in multiple myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jesus-san-miguel.md - Jia Fan (person): Jia Fan leads one of the world's busiest liver cancer surgery and transplant programmes and the proteogenomic studies that mapped how hepatitis B-related liver cancer differs at the molecular level. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fan-jia.md - Jian Zhou (person): A Chinese virologist whose skill in expressing viral proteins made the first HPV virus-like particles in 1991. He died in 1999 at 42, seven years before the vaccine reached the public. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jian-zhou.md - Jianming Xu (person): Jianming Xu led the Chinese stomach cancer trials of sintilimab, the ADC disitamab vedotin and other domestic drugs, in the country with the most stomach cancer patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xu-jianming.md - Jie He (person): Runs China's national cancer centre and the registry that reports the country's cancer statistics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/he-jie.md - Jie Wang (person): Led the RATIONALE trials of tislelizumab in lung cancer and many other Chinese registrational NSCLC studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wang-jie-cams.md - Jihui Hao (person): Physician-scientist who is President of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, one of China's largest specialist cancer hospitals and a National Clinical Research Center for Malignant Tumors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jihui-hao.md - Jim Valvano (person): Dying of metastatic cancer, he told an audience in 1993, "Don't give up, don't ever give up," and announced a foundation that has since granted hundreds of millions of dollars to cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jim-valvano.md - Jim Woodgett (person): Cell signalling scientist who has been President and Scientific Director of the Terry Fox Research Institute, the research arm of The Terry Fox Foundation, since 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jim-woodgett.md - Jimmie Holland (person): A psychiatrist who set up the first full-time psychiatry service in a cancer hospital at Memorial Sloan Kettering in 1977, founded the field's societies and journal, and made distress a vital sign in cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jimmie-holland.md - Jimmy So (person): Gastric cancer surgeon who heads surgical oncology at NCIS and coordinates its multidisciplinary tumour groups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jimmy-so.md - Jin Li (person): Principal investigator of FRESCO, the Chinese trial that first proved fruquintinib works in refractory colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-jin-fuscc.md - Jin Seok Ahn (person): Medical oncologist serving as 14th President of the Korean Cancer Study Group, Korea's main academic cooperative trials group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jin-seok-ahn.md - Jing Huang (person): Principal investigator of ESCORT, the trial that established camrelizumab in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/huang-jing-cams.md - Joan Spencer (person): Cancer nurse by training who became Chief Executive of The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust in March 2025 after six years as its Chief Operating Officer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joan-spencer.md - Joann B. Sweasy (person): DNA repair scientist who directs the Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center in Omaha and the UNMC Eppley Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joann-sweasy.md - Joanna Lorenc (person): Joanna Lorenc represents AidPort Clinical Trial Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Poland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joanna-lorenc.md - Joaquim Bellmunt (person): Led KEYNOTE-045, the first trial to show immunotherapy beats chemotherapy in advanced bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joaquim-bellmunt.md - Joaquín Arribas (person): Cancer biologist who characterised truncated HER2 (p95HER2) and develops p95HER2-targeted T-cell engagers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joaquin-arribas.md - Joaquín Martínez-López (person): Haematologist who heads the Haematology Department at Hospital 12 de Octubre and the joint H12O-CNIO haematological malignancies unit, known for myeloma and MRD research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joaquin-martinez-lopez.md - Joe Y. Chang (person): Led the trials comparing stereotactic radiotherapy with surgery for operable early lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joe-chang.md - Johann de Bono (person): Johann de Bono led the trials that brought abiraterone and olaparib to prostate cancer patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/johann-de-bono.md - Johanna Joyce (person): Tumour immunologist at Ludwig Lausanne who began a two-year term as President of the European Association for Cancer Research in June 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/johanna-joyce.md - Johanna Mattson (person): Oncologist who directs the HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center in Helsinki, Finland's largest cancer treatment centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/johanna-mattson.md - Johannes Czernin (person): Nuclear medicine leader who helped bring PSMA PET and radioligand therapy to the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/johannes-czernin.md - John C. Byrd (person): Led the ibrutinib trials that turned CLL from a chemotherapy disease into one treated with pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-byrd.md - John D. Rockefeller Jr. (person): In 1936 he donated the land on York Avenue to which Memorial Hospital moved; Memorial Sloan Kettering has been there ever since. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-d-rockefeller-jr.md - John E. Dick (person): Discovered cancer stem cells, showing leukaemia is driven by a rare population of self-renewing cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-dick.md - John F. DiPersio (person): Transplant pioneer who developed plerixafor for stem-cell mobilisation and CD7 CAR-T for T-cell leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-dipersio.md - John F. Seymour (person): Led MURANO, which established venetoclax plus rituximab as fixed-duration therapy for relapsed CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-seymour.md - John Haanen (person): John Haanen led the first randomised phase 3 trial of TIL therapy, which beat ipilimumab in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-haanen.md - John Jacob Astor III (person): In 1884 he and his wife Charlotte were among the group who founded New York Cancer Hospital, the institution that became Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-jacob-astor-iii.md - John Kennedy (person): Professor who is Medical Director of Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Ireland's first academic comprehensive cancer institute, in Dublin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-kennedy.md - John M. Maris (person): Neuroblastoma geneticist whose lab found the ALK mutations and immunotherapy targets now in paediatric trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-maris.md - John Oyler (person): John Oyler co-founded BeiGene in Beijing in 2010 and built it into the first China-born biotech to run global trials, win FDA approvals and out-sell Western rivals with zanubrutinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oyler-john.md - John Stagg (person): Immunologist who studies why tumours resist immunotherapy and directs the Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University's cancer research institute in Montreal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-stagg.md - John V. Heymach (person): Lung cancer leader behind trials that changed treatment of EGFR-mutant and stage III disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-heymach.md - John-Arne Røttingen (person): Norwegian physician and global health leader who has been Chief Executive of Wellcome, one of the world's largest biomedical research funders, since 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/john-arne-rottingen.md - Jon Irish (person): Head and neck surgical oncologist who leads the cancer programmes of Ontario Health, the agency that absorbed Cancer Care Ontario, and chairs its Clinical Council. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jon-irish.md - Jon M. Huntsman Sr. (person): A chemicals billionaire treated for cancer several times, he and his wife Karen founded Huntsman Cancer Institute in 1995 and their family gave more than $400 million to build its research institute and hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jon-huntsman.md - Jonas Bergh (person): Jonas Bergh is a breast oncologist and long-standing leader of Swedish and European breast cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonas-bergh.md - Jonas Claesson (person): Jonas Claesson represents Örebro University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Sweden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonas-claesson.md - Jonathan A. Ledermann (person): Led Study 19, the trial that first showed PARP inhibitor maintenance works in ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonathan-ledermann.md - Jonathan Benger (person): Emergency physician who became Chief Executive of NICE, the body that appraises new cancer medicines and issues clinical guidance for the NHS, in December 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonathan-benger.md - Jonathan Brotherton (person): Chief executive of the Birmingham hospital trust that runs the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and its regional cancer services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonathan-brotherton.md - Jonathan E. Rosenberg (person): Led the early enfortumab vedotin trials and the atezolizumab study that first brought immunotherapy to bladder cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonathan-rosenberg.md - Jonathan R. Strosberg (person): Led NETTER-1, the trial that made lutetium dotatate the first approved radioligand therapy for neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonathan-strosberg.md - Jonathan Spicer (person): The surgeon on CheckMate 816 who showed neoadjuvant immunotherapy does not make lung cancer operations harder. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jonathan-spicer.md - Joohyuk Sohn (person): Joohyuk Sohn is a Yonsei breast oncologist and investigator on the DESTINY-Breast and TROPION trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sohn-joohyuk.md - Jose Julián Díaz Melguizo (person): Jose Julián Díaz Melguizo represents Hospital Universitario de La Princesa in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jose-julian-diaz-melguizo.md - José Luis Poveda Andrés (person): Chief executive (Gerente) of Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe in Valencia, one of Spain's largest public university hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jose-luis-poveda-andres.md - Josep M. Llovet (person): Led SHARP, which made sorafenib the first systemic therapy for liver cancer, and created the BCLC staging system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/josep-llovet.md - Josep Maria Campistol (person): Nephrologist and CEO of Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, one of Spain's leading academic hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/josep-maria-campistol.md - Josep Maria Llovet (person): World-leading liver cancer investigator at IDIBAPS/Hospital Clínic who led the trials establishing sorafenib for HCC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/josep-maria-llovet.md - Josep Tabernero (person): Colorectal cancer trialist who led BEACON and BREAKWATER, bringing targeted therapy to BRAF-mutant disease; former ESMO President. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/josep-tabernero.md - Joseph A. Sparano (person): Led TAILORx, which showed most women with intermediate Oncotype scores can safely skip chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joseph-sparano.md - Joseph Gligorov (person): Medical oncologist at Hôpital Tenon who is executive director of the Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie AP-HP Sorbonne Université, the OECI-accredited university cancer institute in Paris. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joseph-gligorov.md - Joseph M. Connors (person): Led ECHELON-1, which replaced bleomycin with brentuximab vedotin in first-line advanced Hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joseph-connors.md - Joseph M. Unger (person): Biostatistician who showed most patients are excluded from trials by structural barriers, not by unwillingness to take part. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joseph-unger.md - Joseph Martin (person): Joseph Martin represents University of Galway / Saolta Cancer Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joseph-martin.md - Joseph S. Ross (person): Yale health policy researcher on the YODA Project leadership team, known for work on FDA regulation and trial transparency. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joseph-ross.md - Joseph Trapani (person): An immunologist who worked out how killer T cells destroy their targets, and now directs research at Australia's cancer hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trapani-joseph.md - Joshua Brody (person): Developed in situ vaccination, turning a single injected lymphoma tumour into a vaccine against the rest. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/joshua-brody.md - Juan W. Valle (person): Led ABC-02, which made gemcitabine plus cisplatin the global standard for biliary cancer, and co-led TOPAZ-1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/juan-valle.md - Judah Folkman (person): In 1971 he proposed that tumours cannot grow beyond a few millimetres without recruiting blood vessels, and that blocking them could treat cancer. Dismissed for decades, the idea produced bevacizumab and a class of drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/judah-folkman.md - Judith M. Bliss (person): Statistician who ran the START, FAST-Forward and POETIC trials that reshaped breast cancer radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/judith-bliss.md - Judy E. Garber (person): A leading authority on inherited cancer risk and how BRCA carriers should be treated and screened. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/judy-garber.md - Juha Korpelainen (person): Juha Korpelainen represents Oulu University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Finland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/juha-korpelainen.md - Julian Adams (person): Medicinal chemist who led the discovery of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and now heads Stand Up To Cancer as President and CEO. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julian-adams.md - Julian Malicki (person): Julian Malicki represents Greater Poland Cancer Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in Poland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julian-malicki.md - Julian Redhead (person): Emergency medicine consultant who became Trust Chief Executive of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in April 2026 after serving as its medical director. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julian-redhead.md - Julie R. Brahmer (person): Led CheckMate 017, the first trial to show immunotherapy beats chemotherapy in lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julie-brahmer.md - Julie R. Park (person): Julie Park led the COG trial that made tandem transplant standard for high-risk neuroblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julie-park.md - Julio García Pondal (person): Julio García Pondal represents Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julio-garcia-pondal.md - Julio Garcia-Aguilar (person): Surgeon who led OPRA, showing half of rectal cancer patients can keep their rectum with total neoadjuvant therapy and watch-and-wait. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julio-garcia-aguilar.md - Júlio Oliveira (person): Medical oncologist who chairs the board of IPO Porto, the public cancer hospital serving northern Portugal, since 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julio-oliveira.md - Julio Saez-Rodriguez (person): Systems biologist heading research at EMBL-EBI, known for computational methods to model signalling networks and predict cancer drug response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/julio-saez-rodriguez.md - Jun Guo (person): Jun Guo built China's melanoma programme around the acral and mucosal subtypes common in Asia, and led the trials that made toripalimab the first domestic PD-1 antibody approved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/guo-jun.md - Jun Ma (person): Jun Ma is the world's leading nasopharyngeal carcinoma trialist, whose randomised studies define induction chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ma-jun.md - Jürgen Debus (person): Jürgen Debus leads Europe's pioneering heavy-ion therapy centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/juergen-debus.md - Jürgen Kuball (person): Utrecht haematologist and immunotherapy researcher on the daily board of UMC Utrecht's cancer programme, known for gamma-delta T cell receptor-engineered cell therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jurgen-kuball.md - Jürgen Weitz (person): Surgical oncologist who co-directs NCT/UCC Dresden and leads gastrointestinal cancer surgery at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jurgen-weitz.md - Jürgen Wolf (person): Built the Network Genomic Medicine that brought molecular testing to lung cancer patients across Germany, and led the capmatinib GEOMETRY trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/juergen-wolf.md - Justin D. Lathia (person): Justin Lathia studies glioblastoma stem cells and why brain tumours differ between men and women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/justin-lathia.md - Justin F. Gainor (person): Showed that oncogene-driven lung cancers respond poorly to immunotherapy and led the pivotal RET and ALK inhibitor studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/justin-gainor.md - Kadir Mutlu Hayran (person): Professor who directs the Hacettepe University Cancer Institute in Ankara, one of Turkey's leading academic cancer research and treatment institutes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kadir-mutlu-hayran.md - Kan Yonemori (person): A breast and gynaecologic oncologist deeply involved in the early trastuzumab deruxtecan studies and in Japanese ADC development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yonemori-kan.md - Kara M. Kelly (person): Leads the COG Hodgkin lymphoma committee and the trials bringing brentuximab and nivolumab to children with the disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kara-kelly.md - Karen H. Lu (person): Gynecologic oncologist known for research on hereditary and early-detection strategies in gynecologic cancers; SGO Immediate Past President. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karen-lu.md - Karen Kelly (person): Thoracic medical oncologist who serves as CEO of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karen-kelly.md - Karim Fizazi (person): Led LATITUDE and PEACE-1, which put abiraterone into first-line metastatic prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karim-fizazi.md - Karim Vermaelen (person): Thoracic oncologist and tumour immunologist who chairs the Cancer Research Institute Ghent at Ghent University / UZ Gent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karim-vermaelen.md - Karl Landergren (person): Karl Landergren represents Linköping University Hospital Cancer Center in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Sweden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karl-landergren.md - Karl Munslow-Ong (person): Chief Executive of Great Ormond Street Hospital, the UK's leading children's hospital, since June 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karl-munslow-ong.md - Karolina Palucka (person): Immunologist who directs the NCI-designated JAX Cancer Center at The Jackson Laboratory and holds its Edison T. Liu Endowed Chair in Cancer Research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/karolina-palucka.md - Katayoun Rezvani (person): Created cord blood-derived CAR-NK cells, the first off-the-shelf CAR cell therapy to show remissions in lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/katy-rezvani.md - Kate Granger (person): A geriatrician with a rare sarcoma who noticed that the staff treating her did not introduce themselves. Her 2013 campaign, #hellomynameis, was adopted by hundreds of thousands of health workers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kate-granger.md - Katherine K. Matthay (person): Paediatric oncologist whose trials established transplant and 13-cis-retinoic acid for high-risk neuroblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/katherine-matthay.md - Kathleen N. Moore (person): Led SOLO-1 and MIRASOL, which gave ovarian cancer a maintenance PARP inhibitor and its first ADC with a survival benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kathleen-moore.md - Kathleen Ruddy (person): Non-profit leader who is Chief Executive Officer of the St. Baldrick's Foundation, the volunteer and donor powered charity that funds childhood cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kathleen-ruddy.md - Kathy S. Albain (person): Breast and lung oncologist who led the trials showing gene tests can guide chemotherapy decisions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kathy-albain.md - Katie Couric (person): After her husband died of colon cancer at 42, she had a colonoscopy live on national television in 2000. Screening rates rose measurably afterwards: the "Couric effect". https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/katie-couric.md - Katsuhiko Uesaka (person): Physician who has led Shizuoka Cancer Center, one of Japan's three largest cancer centres by patient volume, since April 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/katsuhiko-uesaka.md - Keith T. Flaherty (person): Led the first trials of BRAF inhibition in melanoma and chairs the NCI-MATCH precision medicine trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/keith-flaherty.md - Kellie N. Smith (person): Developed the MANAFEST assay to track the tumour-specific T cells that immunotherapy awakens. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kellie-smith.md - Ken Herrmann (person): Nuclear medicine leader who co-led VISION and runs one of the world's largest theranostics programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ken-herrmann.md - Ken Kato (person): Japanese oncologist who led ATTRACTION-3 and KEYNOTE-590, bringing immunotherapy to oesophageal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ken-kato.md - Ken Smith (person): Clinician-scientist and immunologist who directs WEHI, Australia's oldest medical research institute and a major centre for cancer biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ken-smith.md - Kenneth C. Anderson (person): Translated bortezomib and lenalidomide from bench to bedside, helping turn myeloma from a two-year to a decade-plus disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kenneth-anderson.md - Kenneth K. Tanabe (person): Massachusetts General Hospital surgical oncologist and 2026-2027 President of the Society of Surgical Oncology, with expertise in liver cancer and melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kenneth-tanabe.md - Kenneth W. Kinzler (person): Co-discovered APC, the gatekeeper gene of colorectal cancer, and co-led the first cancer genome sequences. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kenneth-kinzler.md - Kent Stobart (person): Paediatric oncologist and certified physician executive who has led CancerCare Manitoba, the provincial cancer agency, as President and CEO since November 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kent-stobart.md - Kerry S. Courneya (person): Exercise scientist behind CHALLENGE, the first trial to show a structured exercise programme improves survival after colon cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kerry-courneya.md - Kevan M. Shokat (person): The chemist whose lab found the hidden pocket in KRAS G12C that made the 'undruggable' target druggable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kevan-shokat.md - Kevin Harrington (person): Kevin Harrington is a head and neck oncologist and oncolytic virus pioneer who led the OPTiM trial of T-VEC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kevin-harrington.md - Kevin Kalinsky (person): Led RxPONDER, which showed postmenopausal women with 1-3 positive nodes and low recurrence scores do not need chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kevin-kalinsky.md - Kim N. Chi (person): Led TITAN and MAGNITUDE, bringing apalutamide to hormone-sensitive disease and niraparib to HRR-mutant prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kim-chi.md - Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (person): Founded Biocon in a garage in 1978 and turned it into the company behind the world's first approved trastuzumab biosimilar, and co-founded a 1,400-bed cancer campus in Bengaluru. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mazumdar-shaw-kiran.md - Kirsten Fischer (person): Led CLL14, which established one year of venetoclax plus obinutuzumab as a fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free CLL treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kirsten-fischer.md - Kirsten Major (person): NHS chief executive who leads Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, the trust that runs Weston Park Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kirsten-major.md - Kirsten Schmieder (person): Neurosurgeon who serves as Medical Director and Chair of the Board of University Hospital Düsseldorf, home of the CIO Düsseldorf cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kirsten-schmieder.md - Kjetil Taskén (person): Immunologist and head of the Institute for Cancer Research at Oslo University Hospital's Norwegian Radium Hospital, leading Norway's largest cancer research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kjetil-tasken.md - Klaus Pantel (person): Klaus Pantel is a pioneer of circulating tumour cell research and the liquid biopsy field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/klaus-pantel.md - Kohei Shitara (person): Principal investigator of SPOTLIGHT and DESTINY-Gastric01, two trials that created new drug classes for stomach cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shitara-kohei.md - Koichi Fukunaga (person): Respiratory physician who heads Keio University Hospital in Tokyo, a leading Japanese academic hospital with designated cancer centre status. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/koichi-fukunaga.md - Koichi Goto (person): Leads thoracic oncology at NCC East and the LC-SCRUM-Japan network that connects rare-driver lung cancer patients to trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/goto-koichi.md - Komal Jhaveri (person): Leads the next wave of endocrine therapy: oral SERDs like imlunestrant and the PI3K inhibitor inavolisib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/komal-jhaveri.md - Konstanze Döhner (person): Ulm haematologist and President of the European Hematology Association, a leading figure in the molecular genetics and risk classification of acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/konstanze-doehner.md - Kris Hallenga (person): Diagnosed with incurable breast cancer at 23 after her symptoms were dismissed, she founded CoppaFeel! in 2009 to teach young people to check their chests. She lived with the disease for fifteen years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kris-hallenga.md - Kristian Helin (person): Epigenetics researcher who leads the ICR, the academic institution with the most cancer drug discoveries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kristian-helin.md - Kristina Lång (person): Led MASAI, the first randomised trial of AI-supported mammography screening, which found more cancers with half the radiologist workload. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kristina-lang.md - Kristo Erikson (person): Kristo Erikson represents North Estonia Medical Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Estonia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kristo-erikson.md - Krisztina Bogos (person): Krisztina Bogos represents National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Hungary. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/krisztina-bogos.md - Kumar Prabhash (person): Leads medical oncology at Tata Memorial and its programme of pragmatic trials that make treatments affordable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prabhash-kumar.md - Kunle Odunsi (person): Gynaecologic oncologist and immunotherapy researcher who directs the University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kunle-odunsi.md - L. S. Shashidhara (person): Geneticist and developmental biologist who directs the National Centre for Biological Sciences in Bengaluru, a research unit of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ls-shashidhara.md - L.P. Mtshali (person): Acting chief executive who heads Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health's central referral hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lp-mtshali.md - Ladislav Dušek (person): Ladislav Dušek represents Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Czech Republic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ladislav-dusek.md - Lajos Pusztai (person): Translational breast oncologist who co-leads the I-SPY2 platform trial and helped show immunotherapy works in early TNBC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lajos-pusztai.md - Lance Armstrong (person): Treated in 1996 for testicular cancer that had spread to his lungs and brain, he founded the foundation that made survivorship a public cause and sold 80 million yellow wristbands. His doping and its exposure in 2012 complicate the legacy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lance-armstrong.md - Larry Ellison (person): In 2016 he founded an institute in Los Angeles to reimagine cancer care, and his Ellison Institute of Technology is building an Oxford campus with a £130 million alliance with the university. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/larry-ellison.md - Lars Bullinger (person): Lars Bullinger is a haematologist and AML genomics researcher leading Charité's haematology department. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lars-bullinger.md - Lars Dahl Pedersen (person): Lars Dahl Pedersen represents Aalborg University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Denmark. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lars-dahl-pedersen.md - Lars Zender (person): Medical oncologist and cancer biologist at Tübingen, known for work on senescence surveillance and functional genomics in liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lars-zender.md - Laura Brady (person): Chief executive of Worldwide Cancer Research, a charity that funds early-stage discovery research into cancer in more than 30 countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laura-brady.md - Laura J. Esserman (person): Breast surgeon who built the I-SPY platform, the adaptive trial that tests new drugs before surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laura-esserman.md - Laura Skaife-Knight (person): NHS leader who has been Chief Executive of NHS Grampian, the health board that runs the ANCHOR Centre at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, since September 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laura-skaife-knight.md - Laurence Albiges (person): French kidney cancer specialist who co-led CheckMate 214 and the belzutifan trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laurence-albiges.md - Laurence Zitvogel (person): Immunologist who showed that the gut microbiome shapes responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laurence-zitvogel.md - Laurene Powell Jobs (person): Founder and President of Emerson Collective, the organisation that backs purpose-driven ventures in education, immigration, the environment and economic mobility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laurene-powell-jobs.md - Laurie H. Sehn (person): Lymphoma specialist who wrote the definitive DLBCL review and helped establish polatuzumab and other new agents. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/laurie-sehn.md - Lauris Vidzis (person): Lauris Vidzis represents Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Latvia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lauris-vidzis.md - Lawrence Tallon (person): Chief Executive of the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, the body that approves and monitors cancer medicines and devices in the UK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lawrence-tallon.md - Lê Văn Quảng (person): Surgical oncologist who has directed Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (K Hospital) in Hanoi since 2020. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/le-van-quang.md - Leandro Pinheiro Safatle (person): Director-President of Anvisa, the Brazilian health regulatory agency that authorises medicines, including cancer treatments, for the Brazilian market. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leandro-pinheiro-safatle.md - Lecia V. Sequist (person): Defined EGFR resistance mechanisms in lung cancer and now leads early-detection research including the Sybil AI lung-risk model. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lecia-sequist.md - Lehlohonolo Majake (person): Public health medicine specialist who has been Chief Executive Officer of Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria, the University of Pretoria's main teaching hospital, since 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lehlohonolo-majake.md - Lei Zheng (person): Physician-scientist who is Executive Director of the Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, the only NCI-designated cancer centre in South Texas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lei-zheng.md - Leif W. Ellisen (person): Runs breast medical oncology at MGH and studies the tumour-suppressor biology behind hereditary and triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leif-ellisen.md - Leon Black (person): After his wife Debra's melanoma diagnosis in 2007 the couple founded the Melanoma Research Alliance, which has put more than $200 million into research while they pay its running costs so every donated dollar goes to science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leon-black.md - Leonard Abramson (person): In 1997 he and his wife Madlyn, a cancer survivor, gave the University of Pennsylvania the gift that created the Abramson Cancer Center, where CAR-T therapy was later developed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leonard-abramson.md - Leonor Beleza (person): President of the Champalimaud Foundation in Lisbon, home to the Champalimaud Clinical Centre for cancer care and research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leonor-beleza.md - Li Ding (person): Li Ding is the computational leader of TCGA and CPTAC analyses linking genomes to proteins across cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-ding.md - Li Ka-shing (person): Since 1980 he has put more than HK$30 billion into his foundation; its Heart of Gold programme gave free hospice care to tens of thousands of poor terminal cancer patients, and its gift built the Cambridge centre that houses Cancer Research UK's institute there. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-ka-shing.md - Li Zhang (person): Led the Chinese trials of PD-1 blockade in nasopharyngeal and lung cancer and the early studies of the EGFR×HER3 bispecific ADC iza-bren. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhang-li-sysucc.md - Lieping Chen (person): Discovered PD-L1 (B7-H1) and showed tumours use it to escape immunity, the biology behind every anti-PD-1 drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lieping-chen.md - Lillian L. Siu (person): Runs one of the world's largest phase 1 programmes and led trials that shaped head and neck cancer immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lillian-siu.md - Lim Soon Thye (person): Lymphoma specialist and Chief Executive Officer of the National Cancer Centre Singapore, the country's largest public cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lim-soon-thye.md - Lin Shen (person): Led the CT041 trials that produced the first CAR-T therapy approved for a solid tumour, in gastric cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shen-lin.md - Lin Tongyu (person): Physician who is President of Sichuan Cancer Hospital, the provincial specialist cancer hospital and institute in Chengdu with campuses in Wuhou and Tianfu. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lin-tongyu.md - Linda Mileshkin (person): Led OUTBACK, which showed adding chemotherapy after chemoradiation does not help cervical cancer, a key negative result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/linda-mileshkin.md - Linda Tantawi (person): Chief Executive Officer of the Lustgarten Foundation, the largest private funder of pancreatic cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/linda-tantawi.md - Lionel Collet (person): Physician and former university president who chairs the Haute Autorité de Santé, France's health technology assessment and quality body. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lionel-collet.md - Lipika Goyal (person): Led the futibatinib trial and defined how FGFR2-driven bile duct cancers become resistant to targeted drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lipika-goyal.md - Lisbet Isenbeg Ravn (person): Lisbet Isenbeg Ravn represents Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in Denmark. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lisbet-isenbeg-ravn.md - Livio De Angelis (person): Livio De Angelis represents IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/livio-de-angelis.md - Lori J. Pierce (person): Lori Pierce is a breast radiation oncologist and ASCO past president focused on equity in cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lori-pierce.md - Lori J. Wirth (person): Led LIBRETTO-001 in thyroid cancer, which made selpercatinib the first RET-selective drug approved for RET-driven tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lori-wirth.md - Louis Chesler (person): Paediatric oncologist and neuroblastoma researcher who leads Children's Cancer Institute in Sydney, Australia's dedicated childhood cancer research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/louis-chesler.md - Louis M. Staudt (person): Louis Staudt defined the molecular subtypes of large B-cell lymphoma that guide targeted therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/louis-staudt.md - Louise Emmett (person): Nuclear medicine physician who leads ENZA-p and the PSMA imaging trials shaping Australian theranostics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/louise-emmett.md - Lucie Opatrny (person): Physician and hospital executive who is President and Executive Director of the McGill University Health Centre, the Montreal academic health network that includes the Cedars Cancer Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lucie-opatrny.md - Lucille P. Markey (person): In the late 1970s the owner of Calumet Farm approved a $1 million gift, the first of many, and in 1983 the Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center was founded in her name in Lexington. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lucille-markey.md - Ludmil B. Alexandrov (person): Created the mathematical framework for extracting mutational signatures from cancer genomes and the COSMIC signature catalogue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ludmil-alexandrov.md - Luigi Cajazzo (person): Director general who runs ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, the large public hospital trust in Lombardy whose Brescia campus hosts university oncology and haematology services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luigi-cajazzo.md - Luis A. Diaz Jr. (person): Co-led the work that made pembrolizumab the first tumour-agnostic cancer drug approval, for mismatch-repair-deficient tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luis-diaz.md - Luis Eduardo Martín Rodríguez (person): Physician who directs Cuba's Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología in Havana, the country's lead institution for cancer treatment, research and training. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luis-eduardo-martin-rodriguez.md - Luis Ibáñez Gadea (person): Luis Ibáñez Gadea represents Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luis-ibanez-gadea.md - Luis Paz-Ares (person): Madrid medical oncologist who heads the joint 12 de Octubre-CNIO lung cancer clinical research unit and led the KEYNOTE-407 trial in squamous lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/luis-paz-ares.md - Lukas B. Been (person): Lukas B. Been represents University Medical Center Groningen Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in The Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lukas-b-been.md - Lyn Simpson (person): Nurse-trained NHS executive who has been Group Chief Executive of NHS Humber Health Partnership, which runs the Queen's Centre at Castle Hill Hospital, since July 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lyn-simpson.md - Lynn M. Schuchter (person): Lynn Schuchter is a melanoma oncologist who led ASCO in 2023-24. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lynn-schuchter.md - Madeline Bell (person): Chief Executive Officer of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, one of the world's leading paediatric hospitals and a major centre for childhood cancer care and research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/madeline-bell.md - Maeve Lowery (person): Maeve Lowery represents Trinity St James's Cancer Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maeve-lowery.md - Mafalda Oliveira (person): Barcelona breast oncologist who leads SOLTI, the Spanish academic breast cancer research group, and co-authors pivotal endocrine therapy trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mafalda-oliveira.md - Magdolna Dank (person): Hungarian oncologist who is Director-General of the National Institute of Oncology in Budapest, Hungary's national cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/magdolna-dank.md - Maha Hussain (person): Led PROSPER and the PROfound survival analysis, and settled the intermittent hormone therapy question with SWOG 9346. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maha-hussain.md - Mahesh K. B. Parmar (person): Statistician who invented the multi-arm multi-stage design behind STAMPEDE, letting one trial test many treatments at once. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mahesh-parmar.md - Maike Sander (person): Stem-cell and pancreas biologist who has led the Max Delbrück Center as Scientific Director since November 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maike-sander.md - Majid Ibrahim Alfayyadh (person): Physician and CEO of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Saudi Arabia's flagship tertiary and oncology referral centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/majid-alfayyadh.md - Malachi Griffith (person): Co-created CIViC, the open database of what cancer mutations mean, and the pVACtools neoantigen pipeline. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/malachi-griffith.md - Maneesha S Inamdar (person): Stem cell biologist who directs BRIC-inStem in Bengaluru, India's national institute for stem cell science and regenerative medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maneesha-inamdar.md - Mansoor Raza Mirza (person): Led NOVA and RUBY, the trials that established niraparib maintenance in ovarian cancer and dostarlimab in advanced endometrial cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mansoor-raza-mirza.md - Manuel Llombart Fuertes (person): Manuel Llombart Fuertes represents Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/manuel-llombart-fuertes.md - Marc G. Besselink (person): Dutch surgeon who leads the PREOPANC trials testing chemotherapy or chemoradiation before pancreatic cancer surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marc-besselink.md - Marc H.G.P. Raaijmakers (person): Erasmus MC haematologist and HOVON Vice Chair known for research on the bone marrow microenvironment in MDS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marc-raaijmakers.md - Marc Lustgarten (person): Diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 1998 at 51, he set up a foundation that awarded ten $100,000 grants in its first year and became the largest private funder of pancreatic cancer research; he died in 1999. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marc-lustgarten.md - Marc Ychou (person): Medical oncologist who is Director General of the Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, the reference cancer centre for eastern Occitanie founded in 1923. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marc-ychou.md - Marcela V. Maus (person): Cell therapy engineer whose CAR-TEAM cells produced rapid regressions of recurrent glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marcela-maus.md - Marcia S. Brose (person): Led DECISION, the trial that made sorafenib the first approved targeted drug for radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marcia-brose.md - Marco Centenari (person): Marco Centenari represents IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marco-centenari.md - Marco Guzzo (person): Marco Guzzo is a head and neck surgeon at INT Milan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marco-guzzo.md - Marco Herold (person): Cancer biologist who leads the Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, the research arm of the Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre in Melbourne. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marco-herold.md - Marco Vignetti (person): Haematologist who presides over GIMEMA, Italy's adult haematological malignancies cooperative group, and co-authored its chemotherapy-free Ph+ ALL trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marco-vignetti.md - Marek Svoboda (person): Medical oncologist who leads the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in Brno, the Czech Republic's largest dedicated cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marek-svoboda.md - Margaret Foti (person): Has led AACR for more than four decades, growing it into the world's largest cancer research society. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/margaret-foti.md - Maria E. Cabanillas (person): Turned anaplastic thyroid cancer from a death sentence into a treatable disease with BRAF-targeted therapy and neoadjuvant strategies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maria-cabanillas.md - Maria Kane (person): NHS leader who has been joint chief executive of University Hospitals Bristol and Weston and North Bristol since July 2024, the trusts that run the Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maria-kane.md - Maria Margarida Torres de Ornelas (person): Chair of the board of directors of IPO Coimbra, the Portuguese public oncology institute in Coimbra, reappointed with her board for the 2024 to 2026 mandate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maria-margarida-torres-de-ornelas.md - Maria Margarida Torres Ornelas (person): Maria Margarida Torres Ornelas represents Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Portugal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maria-margarida-torres-ornelas.md - Maria Rosaria Iardino (person): Maria Rosaria Iardino represents Fondazione The Bridge in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maria-rosaria-iardino.md - María-Victoria Mateos (person): Led ALCYONE and the smouldering myeloma trials that showed treating early can delay progression to active disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maria-victoria-mateos.md - Mariana Chavez-MacGregor (person): Mariana Chavez-MacGregor is a breast oncologist who studies how care is delivered and leads SWOG's international work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mariana-chavez-macgregor.md - Marianne van Rooijen (person): Hospital Director of Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University Hospital, one of Sweden's largest university hospitals and a national cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marianne-van-rooijen.md - Marie-Catherine Vozenin (person): Radiobiologist who discovered the FLASH effect: ultra-fast radiation spares healthy tissue while still killing tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marie-catherine-vozenin.md - Marie-Eve Desrosiers (person): President and chief executive of the CHUM, the University of Montreal's teaching hospital and one of Canada's largest academic health centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/marie-eve-desrosiers.md - Mario Campone (person): Medical oncologist who is Director General of the Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, the regional cancer centre for western France with sites in Angers and Nantes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mario-campone.md - Mario Taccolini (person): Mario Taccolini represents Fondazione Poliambulanza in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mario-taccolini.md - Mark B. Faries (person): Surgeon who led MSLT-II, showing that removing all lymph nodes after a positive sentinel node does not improve melanoma survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-faries.md - Mark De Ridder (person): Mark De Ridder represents Brussels Cancer Centre (UZ Brussel) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Belgium. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-de-ridder.md - Mark E. Burkard (person): Breast cancer physician scientist who has directed the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Iowa since October 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-burkard.md - Mark Emberton (person): Urologist behind PROMIS and PRECISION, which put MRI before biopsy in the prostate cancer pathway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-emberton.md - Mark Middleton (person): Medical oncologist who co-directs Oxford Cancer, the city-wide partnership between the University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-middleton.md - Mark R. Litzow (person): Leukaemia specialist who led E1910, the trial that put blinatumomab into frontline treatment for adults in remission. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-litzow.md - Mark Schiffman (person): NCI epidemiologist whose HPV natural history studies underpin HPV-based cervical screening and risk-based management worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-schiffman.md - Mark Suzman (person): CEO of the Gates Foundation, the world's largest private philanthropy in global health, including cervical cancer elimination and HPV vaccination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mark-suzman.md - Markus G. Manz (person): Markus G. Manz represents University Hospital Zurich / Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Switzerland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/markus-g-manz.md - Markus Graefen (person): Markus Graefen leads the Martini-Klinik, the world's highest-volume prostate surgery centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/markus-graefen.md - Martha Rivers Ingram (person): In 1999 the Ingram family made what Vanderbilt calls a transformational gift in honour of the late E. Bronson Ingram; the centre took the family's name and became Tennessee's leading cancer research centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martha-ingram.md - Martin Armstrong (person): NHS chief executive who leads East and North Hertfordshire Teaching NHS Trust, the trust that runs Mount Vernon Cancer Centre in Northwood. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-armstrong.md - Martin Beaumont (person): Chief executive of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, the university hospital network in Quebec City that houses the region's cancer services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-beaumont.md - Martin Bornhäuser (person): Dresden haematologist and transplant physician who co-directs the NCT/UCC Dresden cancer centre and leads AML transplant trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-bornhauser.md - Martin Dreyling (person): Chairs the European MCL Network and led TRIANGLE, which showed ibrutinib can replace transplant in younger mantle cell lymphoma patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-dreyling.md - Martin J. van den Bent (person): Led the EORTC glioma trials that established chemotherapy for anaplastic gliomas and the value of 1p/19q and IDH status. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-van-den-bent.md - Martin Jan Schalij (person): Cardiologist who chairs the Executive Board of Leiden University Medical Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-jan-schalij.md - Martin Reck (person): Led KEYNOTE-024, the trial that made pembrolizumab alone first-line therapy for PD-L1-high lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-reck.md - Martin Schlumberger (person): Led SELECT (lenvatinib) and the ESTIMABL trials that showed many thyroid cancer patients can have lower radioiodine doses or none at all. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-schlumberger.md - Martin Schuler (person): Medical oncologist and lung cancer trialist who is Deputy Director of the West German Cancer Center in Essen. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-schuler.md - Martin Siess (person): Medical Director and board chair of TUM Klinikum rechts der Isar, the university hospital of the Technical University of Munich. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martin-siess.md - Martine Piccart (person): Co-founded the Breast International Group and led HERA, the trial that made adjuvant trastuzumab standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martine-piccart.md - Martyn E. Caplin (person): Led CLARINET, which showed lanreotide slows tumour growth and made somatostatin analogues first-line antiproliferative therapy for NETs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/martyn-caplin.md - Mary Lasker (person): She turned the American Cancer Society into a research funder in the 1940s, built the Lasker Awards, and led the lobbying that produced the 1971 National Cancer Act and the modern NCI budget. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mary-lasker.md - Mary McCormack (person): Led INTERLACE, which showed a short course of chemotherapy before chemoradiation cuts cervical cancer deaths using cheap, available drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mary-mccormack.md - Mary-Claire King (person): In 1990 she showed that a single gene on chromosome 17, BRCA1, causes inherited breast and ovarian cancer, when most of the field doubted such a gene existed. Genetic testing and risk-reducing care followed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mary-claire-king.md - Masatoshi Kudo (person): Japanese hepatologist who led REFLECT, the trial that made lenvatinib a first-line option for liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/masatoshi-kudo.md - Massimo Cristofanilli (person): Showed that counting tumour cells in blood predicts survival in breast cancer and co-led PALOMA-3, which brought palbociclib to endocrine-resistant disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/massimo-cristofanilli.md - Massimo De Fino (person): Health manager who has been Director General of IRCCS CROB, the Basilicata regional cancer reference centre in Rionero in Vulture, since late 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/massimo-de-fino.md - Matthew A. Powell (person): Gynecologic oncologist and endometrial cancer trialist who is President of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-powell.md - Matthew D. Galsky (person): Led trials that brought immunotherapy into bladder cancer and tested skipping cystectomy in responders. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-galsky.md - Matthew Hurles (person): Human geneticist who directs the Wellcome Sanger Institute, a world centre for cancer genome research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-hurles.md - Matthew Meyerson (person): Co-discovered EGFR mutations in lung cancer and linked Fusobacterium to colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-meyerson.md - Matthew P. Goetz (person): Breast oncologist who led MONARCH 3 and studies how genetics shapes response to endocrine therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-goetz.md - Matthew R. Smith (person): Led ARASENS and SPARTAN, trials that established darolutamide triplet therapy and apalutamide for prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-smith.md - Matthew Reed (person): Chief Executive of Marie Curie, the UK end of life care charity, since February 2019. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-reed.md - Matthew Vander Heiden (person): Physician-scientist and cancer metabolism expert who directs MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthew-vander-heiden.md - Matthias Guckenberger (person): Zurich radiation oncologist and ESTRO Past-President, a leading voice on stereotactic radiotherapy for oligometastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/matthias-guckenberger.md - Maura L. Gillison (person): Established that HPV causes a distinct, better-prognosis form of throat cancer and led RTOG 1016 on how to treat it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maura-gillison.md - Maurice van den Bosch (person): Maurice van den Bosch represents Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in The Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maurice-van-den-bosch.md - Mauricio Cuello (person): Physician listed as Director of Uruguay's Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, the national oncology reference hospital in Montevideo run by ASSE. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mauricio-cuello.md - Maurizio Di Mauro (person): Physician and hospital manager who is General Director of the Pascale, the national cancer institute in Naples. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maurizio-di-mauro.md - Max S. Wicha (person): Max Wicha identified breast cancer stem cells and made them a therapeutic target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/max-wicha.md - Maximilian Diehn (person): Radiation oncologist who showed a blood test can detect leftover lung cancer months before scans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maximilian-diehn.md - Maximilian Niyazi (person): Radiation oncologist who speaks for the Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart and directs radiation oncology at Tübingen University Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/maximilian-niyazi.md - Mel Greaves (person): Showed that childhood leukaemia begins before birth and framed cancer as an evolutionary process. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mel-greaves.md - Meletios A. Dimopoulos (person): Greek haematologist who led POLLUX and CANDOR, two of the pivotal daratumumab combination trials in relapsed myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/meletios-dimopoulos.md - Meredith Irwin (person): Paediatric oncologist and neuroblastoma researcher who serves as Paediatrician-in-Chief at SickKids in Toronto. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/meredith-irwin.md - Michael A. Caligiuri (person): Michael Caligiuri is an NK cell immunologist and past AACR president who leads City of Hope's hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-caligiuri.md - Michael A. Postow (person): Led CheckMate 069, the first randomised trial of nivolumab plus ipilimumab, and defines how to manage immunotherapy side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-postow.md - Michael A. Teitell (person): Michael Teitell is a pathologist and cancer biologist who directs UCLA's cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-teitell.md - Michael Baumann (person): Michael Baumann is a radiation oncologist who leads Germany's national cancer research centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-baumann.md - Michael Bloomberg (person): In 2016 his $50 million, matched by Sidney Kimmel and others to $125 million, launched a Johns Hopkins institute that put more than a hundred scientists and clinicians to work on cancer immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-bloomberg.md - Michael Boyer (person): Thoracic medical oncologist who has been chief executive of Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney's not-for-profit cancer hospital, since 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-boyer.md - Michael Bretthauer (person): Led NordICC, the first randomised trial of screening colonoscopy, which found smaller benefits than many expected. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-bretthauer.md - Michael D. Taylor (person): Neurosurgeon-scientist who defined the four molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma that now guide therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-taylor.md - Michael Dickinson (person): Led the pivotal glofitamab trial, establishing off-the-shelf bispecific antibodies for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-dickinson.md - Michael F. Berger (person): Built MSK-IMPACT, the tumour sequencing test used on more than 100,000 patients and the first FDA-authorised hospital panel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-berger.md - Michael Gnant (person): Viennese surgical oncologist who presides over the ABCSG and has led landmark adjuvant breast cancer trials such as ABCSG-12, ABCSG-18 and PALLAS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-gnant.md - Michael Hallek (person): Leads the German CLL Study Group, whose trials (CLL8, CLL14, CLL13) set global standards for CLL treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-hallek.md - Michael Hofman (person): Led proPSMA and TheraP, the trials that proved PSMA PET beats conventional imaging and that lutetium-PSMA beats chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hofman-michael.md - Michael J. Morris (person): Principal investigator of the VISION trial that made lutetium-PSMA a standard prostate cancer treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-morris.md - Michael Kerin (person): Professor who is Clinical Director of the Saolta Cancer Managed Clinical Academic Network, the cancer centre serving the west and north west of Ireland from Galway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-kerin.md - Michael L. Wang (person): Led the ibrutinib and brexucabtagene autoleucel trials that transformed mantle cell lymphoma treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-wang.md - Michael LeBlanc (person): Michael LeBlanc is the statistician behind SWOG's trials, based at Fred Hutch's statistical centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-leblanc.md - Michael Milken (person): Diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer in 1993, the financier founded the Prostate Cancer Foundation, whose grants helped pay for the science behind abiraterone and enzalutamide and built a network of precision oncology centres for US veterans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-milken.md - Michael Stratton (person): Pioneer of cancer genome sequencing and mutational signatures; led the Cancer Genome Project and formerly directed the Sanger Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-stratton.md - Michael von Bergwelt (person): Michael von Bergwelt is a haematologist who leads LMU's cell therapy and immuno-oncology programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-von-bergwelt.md - Michael Weller (person): Neuro-oncologist who leads the EORTC Brain Tumor Group and co-authors the European glioma guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michael-weller.md - Michael Yu (Yu De-Chao) (person): Michael Yu founded Innovent in Suzhou in 2011 and made sintilimab one of China's best-selling cancer drugs before turning the company into a supplier of new medicines to Roche and Takeda. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yu-michael.md - Michal Mekel (person): Endocrine surgeon who leads Rambam Health Care Campus, the largest hospital in northern Israel, after nearly three decades at the institution. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michal-mekel.md - Michał Mikula (person): Molecular geneticist who leads the scientific programme of Poland's National Research Institute of Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michal-mikula.md - Michel Sadelain (person): Designed the second-generation CAR with a CD28 costimulatory domain that made CAR-T therapy work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michel-sadelain.md - Michelle Mitchell (person): Michelle Mitchell is chief executive of the world's largest independent cancer research charity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michelle-mitchell.md - Michelle Monje (person): Founded cancer neuroscience and led the GD2 CAR-T trial that produced the first regressions of diffuse midline glioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/michelle-monje.md - Michelle Xia (Xia Yu) (person): Michelle Xia founded Akeso, the Zhongshan company whose bispecific antibody ivonescimab was the first drug to beat pembrolizumab in a head-to-head trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xia-michelle.md - Miguel Martín (person): Miguel Martín is the founder of the Spanish breast cancer group GEICAM and a leader of adjuvant chemotherapy trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/miguel-martin.md - Min-Hee Ryu (person): Min-Hee Ryu is a gastric cancer and GIST trialist central to the Asian arms of ramucirumab, pembrolizumab, and zolbetuximab studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ryu-min-hee.md - Mirela Grosu (person): Mirela Grosu represents Iași Regional Oncology Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Romania. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mirela-grosu.md - Miriam Merad (person): Mapped how macrophages and dendritic cells in tumours suppress immunity, opening new immunotherapy targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/miriam-merad.md - Miroslav Chovanec (person): Miroslav Chovanec represents Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Slovakia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/miroslav-chovanec.md - Mitch Dowsett (person): The translational scientist behind the aromatase inhibitor era and the Ki67 response test used in POETIC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitch-dowsett.md - Mitchel S. Berger (person): Neurosurgeon who proved that removing more of a glioma extends survival and pioneered awake mapping to do it safely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitchel-berger.md - Mitchell D. Schnall (person): Mitchell Schnall is the radiologist who brought imaging research into the ECOG-ACRIN cooperative group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitchell-schnall.md - Mitsuru Sasako (person): Japanese surgeon whose JCOG trials defined D2 gastrectomy and adjuvant S-1 as standards for gastric cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mitsuru-sasako.md - Mohamed Abdel Moaty Samra (person): Professor who serves as Dean of the National Cancer Institute at Cairo University, Egypt's national cancer teaching hospital and research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mohamed-abdel-moaty-samra.md - Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Suwaidi (person): Managing Director of Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar's principal public healthcare provider and the parent of the National Center for Cancer Care and Research in Doha. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mohammed-bin-khalifa-al-suwaidi.md - Mohd Zukiflee Abu Bakar (person): Director of the University of Malaya Medical Centre, the academic teaching hospital of Universiti Malaya in Kuala Lumpur. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mohd-zukiflee-abu-bakar.md - Monica Calamai (person): Hospital executive who serves as Direttore Generale of IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, the university research hospital in Genoa. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monica-calamai.md - Monica Morrow (person): Breast surgeon whose margin and axillary guidelines cut unnecessary re-excisions and lymph node surgery worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monica-morrow.md - Monika E. Hegi (person): Showed that MGMT promoter methylation predicts benefit from temozolomide, the biomarker every glioblastoma patient is now tested for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monika-hegi.md - Monika Jänicke (person): Chief Executive Officer of University Hospital Zurich, home of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monika-janicke.md - Monika Krzyzanowska (person): Medical oncologist and health services researcher who leads the Odette Cancer Program at Sunnybrook in Toronto, one of Canada's largest cancer centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monika-krzyzanowska.md - Monroe Dunaway Anderson (person): He never saw the hospital: his foundation, left $19 million on his death in 1939, matched the State of Texas's $500,000 in 1941 on condition the new cancer hospital be built in Houston and carry his name. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/monroe-anderson.md - Mortimer Zuckerman (person): His 2006 pledge of $100 million, then the largest individual commitment in MSK's history, built a 23-storey laboratory tower that nearly doubled the centre's research space. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mortimer-zuckerman.md - Mostafa Aziz Sumon (person): Radiation oncologist who directs the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh's only tertiary government hospital dedicated to cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mostafa-aziz-sumon.md - Mu-Sheng Zeng (person): Virologist who mapped how Epstein-Barr virus drives nasopharyngeal cancer and is developing vaccines against it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zeng-mu-sheng.md - Myriam Chalabi (person): Led NICHE-2, in which almost every mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancer responded to short pre-surgery immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/myriam-chalabi.md - Myung-Ju Ahn (person): Myung-Ju Ahn is one of Asia's most prolific lung cancer trialists, a steady presence on the steering committees of the EGFR, ALK, and immunotherapy trials that set today's standards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ahn-myung-ju.md - Nadia Harbeck (person): German breast oncologist whose ADAPT trials use biology to decide who can have less chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nadia-harbeck.md - Nadine Karema (person): Executive Director of Partners In Health Rwanda, the organisation whose programme in northern Rwanda includes the Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nadine-karema.md - Nai-Kong V. Cheung (person): Developed the anti-GD2 antibodies 3F8 and naxitamab that treat relapsed neuroblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nai-kong-cheung.md - Nancy Brinker (person): She promised her dying sister, Susan Komen, that she would end breast cancer, and in 1982 founded the organisation that created the Race for the Cure and made breast cancer a mainstream cause. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nancy-brinker.md - Nancy U. Lin (person): Nancy Lin is the leading authority on brain metastases from breast cancer, including the HER2CLIMB tucatinib data in patients with active brain disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nancy-lin.md - Naoto T. Ueno (person): Breast cancer physician-scientist who directs the University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, the NCI-designated cancer centre in Honolulu. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/naoto-ueno.md - Nariaki Matsuura (person): President of the Osaka International Cancer Institute, the Osaka prefectural cancer centre that relocated to a new hospital in central Osaka in 2017. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nariaki-matsuura.md - Natasha B. Leighl (person): Lung cancer oncologist who showed plasma genotyping matches tissue and leads Canadian lung trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/natasha-leighl.md - Nathan A. Pennell (person): Lung cancer oncologist who has pushed for universal biomarker testing and better trial design. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nathan-pennell.md - Nathan Cherny (person): Created the ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale, the standard tool for grading how much a cancer drug really helps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nathan-cherny.md - Neeraj Agarwal (person): GU oncologist who led TALAPRO-2 and other trials combining PARP inhibitors with hormone therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neeraj-agarwal.md - Nei-Min Chu (person): Medical oncologist who became President of Taipei's Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center in late 2024 after nearly three decades on its staff. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nei-min-chu.md - Nicholas James (person): Nicholas James is chief investigator of STAMPEDE, the platform trial that reshaped treatment of advanced prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicholas-james.md - Nicholas Turner (person): Breast cancer researcher who turned ctDNA into a tool for choosing treatment, leading SERENA-6 and CAPItello-291. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicholas-turner.md - Nickolas Papadopoulos (person): Co-developed CancerSEEK, the blood test that showed multi-cancer early detection is possible, and ran the first prospective screening study of it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nickolas-papadopoulos.md - Nicola Gökbuget (person): Leads the German GMALL group and showed blinatumomab clears residual leukaemia in adults with ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicola-gokbuget.md - Nicola Normanno (person): Nicola Normanno represents IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicola-normanno.md - Nicolaas P.M. Schaap (person): Radboudumc haematologist who chairs HOVON, the Dutch-Belgian haemato-oncology cooperative group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicolaas-schaap.md - Nicolas Penel (person): Medical oncologist and sarcoma specialist who directs Institut Bergonié, the regional cancer centre for Nouvelle-Aquitaine in Bordeaux. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicolas-penel.md - Nicolas Revel (person): Director general of AP-HP, the Paris public hospital group whose northern cancer institute holds the OECI Comprehensive Cancer Centre label. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicolas-revel.md - Nicolas Scotté (person): Director General of the Institut National du Cancer, responsible for running France's national cancer agency since October 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicolas-scotte.md - Nicole Boutilier (person): Family physician who is President and CEO of Nova Scotia Health, the provincial health authority that runs the Cancer Care Program centred on the QEII Health Sciences Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicole-boutilier.md - Nicole Concin (person): Gynaecologic oncologist who leads Vienna's women's clinic and is first author of the ESGO/ESTRO/ESP endometrial cancer guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicole-concin.md - Nicole Scobie (person): Patient advocate from Switzerland who chairs the board of ACCELERATE, the European multi-stakeholder platform speeding up new medicines for children and adolescents with cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicole-scobie.md - Nicoletta Colombo (person): Led KEYNOTE-826, which made pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy the first-line standard for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nicoletta-colombo.md - Niels Nørgaard Pedersen (person): Niels Nørgaard Pedersen represents Odense University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Denmark. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/niels-norgaard-pedersen.md - Nikhil C. Munshi (person): Led KarMMa, which brought idecabtagene vicleucel, the first CAR-T for myeloma, to approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nikhil-munshi.md - Nikhil Tandon (person): Endocrinologist appointed Director of AIIMS New Delhi in 2026, India's premier public medical institute and home to the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nikhil-tandon.md - Nikki Gallagher (person): Advocacy and governance leader who is Chief Executive of the Irish Cancer Society, Ireland's national cancer charity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nikki-gallagher.md - Nikolai Goncharenko (person): Nikolai Goncharenko represents Institut National du Cancer, Luxembourg in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its associate members in Luxembourg. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nikolai-goncharenko.md - Nikolaos Zamboglou (person): Nikolaos Zamboglou represents German Oncology Center in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Cyprus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nikolaos-zamboglou.md - Nikolaus Rajewsky (person): Systems biologist at the MDC known for microRNA and circular RNA discoveries and for single-cell and spatial genomics applied to cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nikolaus-rajewsky.md - Nina Bhardwaj (person): Nina Bhardwaj is a dendritic-cell immunologist running personalised neoantigen vaccine trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nina-bhardwaj.md - Nirali N. Shah (person): Nirali Shah developed CD22 CAR-T for children whose leukaemia escaped CD19 therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nirali-shah.md - Nitzan Rosenfeld (person): Showed that whole-exome sequencing of blood can track how a cancer evolves, and co-founded Inivata. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nitzan-rosenfeld.md - Noboru Yamamoto (person): Runs Japan's largest first-in-human oncology unit, where many Daiichi Sankyo DXd ADCs were first given to patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yamamoto-noboru.md - Nobuyuki Yamamoto (person): Lung cancer specialist at Wakayama Medical University who chairs the West Japan Oncology Group cooperative trials network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nobuyuki-yamamoto.md - Noopur Raje (person): Led the first-in-human trial of BCMA CAR-T (bb2121) in myeloma and studies of bone disease treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/noopur-raje.md - Norbert Vey (person): Haematologist specialising in leukaemia who has directed Institut Paoli-Calmettes, the Marseille comprehensive cancer centre, since May 2022. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/norbert-vey.md - Norman Wolmark (person): Surgical oncologist and long-time Chairman of the NSABP, whose trials established breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant therapy standards in breast and colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/norman-wolmark.md - Nu Zhang (person): President of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital in Guangzhou, one of China's largest tertiary hospitals and home to the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nu-zhang.md - Nubia Muñoz (person): Colombian epidemiologist whose IARC studies proved HPV causes cervical cancer and identified the types the vaccines target. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nubia-munoz.md - Obi L. Griffith (person): Obi Griffith co-leads CIViC and the open tooling that lets clinicians interpret tumour sequencing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/obi-griffith.md - Oddbjorn Straume (person): Oddbjorn Straume represents Haukeland University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Norway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oddbjorn-straume.md - Ofer Merin (person): Cardiac surgeon and former IDF field hospital commander who serves as Director General of Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ofer-merin.md - Olena Yefimenko (person): Olena Yefimenko represents National Cancer Institute of Ukraine in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its associate members in Ukraine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olena-yefimenko.md - Olivier Delattre (person): Olivier Delattre discovered the EWS-FLI1 fusion that defines Ewing sarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/olivier-delattre.md - Óscar Gerardo Arrieta Rodríguez (person): Medical oncologist specialising in lung cancer who directs Mexico's national cancer institute, INCan, in Mexico City. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oscar-arrieta-rodriguez.md - Owen N. Witte (person): Discovered the BCR-ABL kinase activity that imatinib blocks and now hunts for new prostate cancer targets. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/owen-witte.md - Owen Sansom (person): Glasgow cancer biologist who directs the CRUK Scotland Institute and is Scientific Director of the CRUK Scotland Centre, known for mouse models of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/owen-sansom.md - Øystein Mæland (person): Øystein Mæland represents Akershus University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Norway. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oystein-maeland.md - Paa Kwesi Baidoo (person): Physician who is Chief Executive Officer of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, the main teaching and referral hospital for northern and central Ghana. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paa-kwesi-baidoo.md - Padmanee Sharma (person): Runs the platform that studies patients' tumours before and after immunotherapy to learn why checkpoint drugs work or fail. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/padmanee-sharma.md - Pamela Buchwald (person): Pamela Buchwald represents Skåne University Hospital / Lund University Cancer Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Sweden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pamela-buchwald.md - Pamela Kearns (person): Paediatric oncologist and emeritus professor at the University of Birmingham who presides over ITCC, the European consortium for early-phase trials in childhood cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pamela-kearns.md - Pamela S. Ohashi (person): Immunologist who built Canada's TIL therapy programme and defined T-cell tolerance mechanisms. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pamela-ohashi.md - Panagiotis Klirides (person): Panagiotis Klirides represents Saint Savvas General Oncology Hospital of Athens in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Greece. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/panagiotis-klirides.md - Pankaj Chaturvedi (person): A surgeon and public-health campaigner whose work links oral cancer to tobacco and drives prevention policy in India. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chaturvedi-pankaj.md - Panos Ergatoudes (person): Panos Ergatoudes represents Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Cyprus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/panos-ergatoudes.md - Paola Anna Erba (person): Italian nuclear medicine physician serving as President of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paola-anna-erba.md - Paolo A. Ascierto (person): Italian melanoma oncologist who co-led CheckMate 238, CheckMate 067 and the COLUMBUS BRAF/MEK trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paolo-ascierto.md - Paolo Veronesi (person): Breast surgeon leading the IEO programme founded by Umberto Veronesi, pioneer of breast conservation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paolo-veronesi.md - Paris-Ann Ingledew (person): Radiation oncologist and educator who is the executive lead for BC Cancer, the provincial cancer agency of British Columbia, Canada. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paris-ann-ingledew.md - Partha Basu (person): Leads IARC's early detection and prevention work, central to the WHO cervical cancer elimination strategy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/basu-partha.md - Pascal Hammel (person): Pascal Hammel represents AP-HP Paris-Saclay University Hospitals Cancer Institute in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pascal-hammel.md - Pasi A. Jänne (person): Co-discovered EGFR mutations in lung cancer and has led the drug development that followed, from osimertinib to KRAS G12C inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pasi-janne.md - Patrick G. Morris (person): Physician who is Medical Director of the Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, the OECI accredited cancer centre on the Beaumont Hospital campus in Dublin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patrick-morris.md - Patrick Hwu (person): Patrick Hwu is an immunotherapy pioneer who trained with Rosenberg and now leads Moffitt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patrick-hwu.md - Patrick M. Forde (person): Led CheckMate 816, which established neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for resectable lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patrick-forde.md - Patrick Mehlen (person): Cancer biologist who discovered the dependence-receptor concept and took netrin-1 blockade from bench to clinical trials at Centre Léon Bérard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patrick-mehlen.md - Patrick Y. Wen (person): Neuro-oncologist who created the RANO response criteria used in every brain tumour trial and leads glioblastoma drug development. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patrick-wen.md - Patrik Rossi (person): Patrik Rossi represents Karolinska University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Sweden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patrik-rossi.md - Patrizia Simionato (person): General Director of the Istituto Oncologico Veneto, the Veneto region's IRCCS cancer institute in Padua. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patrizia-simionato.md - Paul Baas (person): Led CheckMate 743, the trial that gave mesothelioma its first new first-line therapy in 16 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paul-baas.md - Paul Boutros (person): Computational cancer biologist who directs the NCI-designated Cancer Center at Sanford Burnham Prebys in La Jolla and leads its data sciences work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paul-boutros.md - Paul G. Richardson (person): Led the DETERMINATION trial and many of the myeloma drug approvals of the past two decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paul-richardson.md - Paul Herijgers (person): Chief executive of the Leuven university hospital, whose Leuven Cancer Institute brings clinicians and scientists together to treat and study cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paul-herijgers.md - Paul Nathan (person): Led the tebentafusp trial, the first treatment ever to extend survival in metastatic uveal melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paul-nathan.md - Paul Nurse (person): Nobel laureate who discovered how cyclin-dependent kinases control cell division, and founding director of the Crick. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paul-nurse.md - Paul Workman (person): Drug-discovery pioneer who built the ICR's Cancer Therapeutics Unit and championed the 'pharmacological audit trail'. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paul-workman.md - Paulo Hoff (person): Brazil's most prominent GI oncologist, a former MD Anderson faculty member who built oncology programmes at Sírio-Libanês and ICESP. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hoff-paulo.md - Pavan Reddy (person): Physician who directs the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pavan-reddy.md - Pawel Kalinski (person): Pawel Kalinski is an immunologist reprogramming tumour microenvironments so T cells can enter. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pawel-kalinski.md - Pedro T. Ramirez (person): Surgeon who led the LACC trial, which unexpectedly showed keyhole hysterectomy worsens survival in early cervical cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pedro-ramirez.md - Per Hall (person): Per Hall is the epidemiologist behind KARMA and the risk-based breast screening programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/per-hall.md - Peter Bartenstein (person): Peter Bartenstein is a nuclear medicine head whose department is a leading European PSMA theranostics centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-bartenstein.md - Peter Borchmann (person): Leads the German Hodgkin Study Group and HD21, which made BrECADD the most effective and least toxic regimen for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-borchmann.md - Peter Hillmen (person): Led FLAIR, the UK trial showing MRD-guided ibrutinib plus venetoclax outperforms chemoimmunotherapy in CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-hillmen.md - Peter J. O'Dwyer (person): Peter O'Dwyer is a GI oncologist who co-leads ECOG-ACRIN, one of the NCI's national trial networks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-odwyer.md - Peter Johnson (person): Southampton lymphoma specialist who led the RATHL trial of PET-guided therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma and serves as NHS England's National Clinical Director for Cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-johnson.md - Peter Sasieni (person): Epidemiologist who showed HPV vaccination has nearly eliminated cervical cancer in vaccinated English women and leads NHS-Galleri. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-sasieni.md - Peter Schmid (person): Led KEYNOTE-522 and IMpassion130, the trials that brought immunotherapy into triple-negative breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-schmid.md - Peter W. T. Pisters (person): Peter Pisters is the surgeon who has run the world's largest cancer centre since 2017. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/peter-pisters.md - Petr Polouček (person): Petr Polouček represents Motol University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Czech Republic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/petr-poloucek.md - Phil Knight (person): Phil and Penny Knight gave OHSU $100 million in 2008, a $500 million challenge in 2013 that Oregon met within two years, and $2 billion in 2025, described by OHSU as the largest gift to a US university. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/phil-knight.md - Philip D. Greenberg (person): Immunologist who spent four decades engineering T cells to attack leukaemia and solid tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philip-greenberg.md - Philip K. Kirwa (person): Physician who is Chief Executive Officer of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya, the national referral hospital that hosts the AMPATH Oncology programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philip-kirwa.md - Philip Wai Yan Chiu (person): Upper GI surgeon and Dean of the CUHK Faculty of Medicine, the academic home of Prince of Wales Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philip-chiu.md - Philippe Bergerot (person): Radiation oncologist who has presided over the Ligue nationale contre le cancer, France's national cancer charity, since 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philippe-bergerot.md - Philippe Leroy (person): Philippe Leroy represents the King Albert II Cancer Institute of Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its full members in Belgium. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philippe-leroy.md - Philippe Moreau (person): Led MajesTEC-1 and CASSIOPEIA, bringing the first bispecific antibody and daratumumab quadruplets to myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/philippe-moreau.md - Pia Näsvall (person): Pia Näsvall represents Umeå University Hospital (Norrland University Hospital) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Sweden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pia-nasvall.md - Pia Vihinen (person): Director who leads FICAN West, the regional cancer centre for western Finland hosted by Turku University Hospital and the Wellbeing services county of Southwest Finland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pia-vihinen.md - Piaoyang Sun (person): Piaoyang Sun turned a small Lianyungang generics factory into Hengrui, China's largest originator drug company and the source of camrelizumab, apatinib and a dozen other approved cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sun-piaoyang.md - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci (person): Molecular oncologist who characterised PML-RARα in acute promyelocytic leukaemia and studies cancer stem cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pier-giuseppe-pelicci.md - Pierre Fenaux (person): Led AZA-001, which showed azacitidine extends survival in high-risk MDS and made hypomethylating agents standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pierre-fenaux.md - Pierre Laurent-Puig (person): Oncology professor and Inserm team leader who directs the Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, the OECI-accredited comprehensive cancer centre of AP-HP Centre in Paris. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pierre-laurent-puig.md - Pierre Vera (person): Nuclear medicine physician who directs Centre Henri Becquerel, the comprehensive cancer centre for the Rouen area in Normandy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pierre-vera.md - Pieter Sonneveld (person): Led PERSEUS, which established daratumumab-VRd as the standard for transplant-eligible myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pieter-sonneveld.md - Pilar Garrido (person): Pilar Garrido is a thoracic oncologist and past president of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pilar-garrido.md - Poornima Parameswaran (person): Poornima Parameswaran leads Future of Cancer Care Today, the Sijbrandij Foundation's free navigation service for cancer patients; she is a genomics scientist and entrepreneur. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/poornima-parameswaran.md - Prashant Mathur (person): Directs the institute that runs India's cancer registries and is first author of the national report estimating 1.39 million new cancers in 2020. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/mathur-prashant.md - Priit Perens (person): Former Swedbank chief executive who chairs the Executive Board of Tartu University Hospital, Estonia's largest teaching hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/priit-perens.md - Primo N. Lara Jr. (person): Primo Lara is a GU and lung oncologist who co-chairs SWOG and directs UC Davis's cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/primo-lara.md - Princess Chulabhorn (person): Thai princess and professor of organic chemistry who founded and presides over the Chulabhorn Royal Academy, the parent body of Chulabhorn Hospital in Bangkok. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/princess-chulabhorn.md - Priscilla Chan (person): She and Mark Zuckerberg founded the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub with the stated mission to cure or prevent all disease; its programmes include engineering the immune system to detect cancer and other diseases early. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/priscilla-chan.md - Priya Rastogi (person): Pittsburgh medical oncologist who serves as CEO and Medical Director of the NSABP Foundation, leading its breast cancer trial portfolio. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/priya-rastogi.md - Priyanka Sharma (person): Priyanka Sharma is a TNBC trialist testing whether anthracyclines can be dropped from pre-surgery treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/priyanka-sharma.md - Prudence A. Francis (person): Led SOFT and TEXT, the trials that showed ovarian suppression plus exemestane helps young women with breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prudence-francis.md - Purnima Sundaresan (person): Sydney radiation oncologist who is President of TROG Cancer Research, Australasia's radiation oncology trials group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/purnima-sundaresan.md - Qing Zhou (person): Chinese thoracic oncologist behind HARMONi-2, where the PD-1/VEGF bispecific ivonescimab beat pembrolizumab head to head. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qing-zhou.md - Quang Le Van (person): Quang Le Van represents Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (K Hospital) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Viet Nam. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quang-le-van.md - Quynh-Thu Le (person): Chairs NRG Oncology, the largest US radiotherapy cooperative group, and leads head and neck de-escalation trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/quynh-thu-le.md - R. Angelo de Claro (person): Haematologist-oncologist who has directed the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence since March 2025 and previously led its global clinical sciences programme, including Project Orbis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/r-angelo-de-claro.md - R.R.W.J. van der Hulst (person): R.R.W.J. van der Hulst represents Maastricht UMC+ Comprehensive Cancer Center and OncoZON Comprehensive Cancer Network in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists both among its members in The Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/r-r-w-j-van-der-hulst.md - Rachel Dunscombe (person): Digital health leader who became Chief Executive Officer of HL7 International in January 2026, succeeding its long-serving CEO Charles Jaffe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rachel-dunscombe.md - Rachel E. Rau (person): Paediatric oncologist who led the COG trial showing blinatumomab helps children with standard-risk leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rachel-rau.md - Rachel Ramoni (person): Director of the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, one of the largest health-system research units in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rachel-ramoni.md - Rafael Kaliks (person): A São Paulo medical oncologist who has helped shape Einstein's precision oncology and quality programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kaliks-rafael.md - Rafael Mariano Grossi (person): Argentine diplomat leading the IAEA since 2019, whose Rays of Hope initiative expands radiotherapy and nuclear medicine access in low- and middle-income countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rafael-mariano-grossi.md - Rafael Pérez-Santamarina (person): Rafael Pérez-Santamarina represents Hospital Universitario La Paz in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rafael-perez-santamarina.md - Raffit Hassan (person): Made mesothelin a drug target, from immunotoxins to ADCs and CAR-T, and leads NCI's mesothelioma programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raffit-hassan.md - Rahul Aggarwal (person): Prostate oncologist studying how tumours transform to escape hormone therapy and how to target them with radioligands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rahul-aggarwal.md - Rahul Purwar (person): The IIT Bombay immunologist whose laboratory designed India's first approved CAR-T therapy and who founded the company that makes it for a fraction of Western prices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/purwar-rahul.md - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi (person): India's Drugs Controller General, who heads the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation, the national regulator for medicines, medical devices and clinical trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rajeev-singh-raghuvanshi.md - Rajendra Badwe (person): A surgeon-scientist whose low-cost randomised trials, from peritumoral lidocaine to timing of surgery, challenged assumptions in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/badwe-rajendra.md - Rajesh S. Gokhale (person): Chemical biologist who leads India's Department of Biotechnology as its Secretary, having previously directed the Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in New Delhi. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rajesh-gokhale.md - Rakesh Padiyath (person): Physician-executive who heads University Hospital Basel, Switzerland's oldest university hospital and home to its Tumour Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rakesh-padiyath.md - Ralf C. Bargou (person): Professor of translational oncology who directs the Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken at University Hospital Würzburg. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ralf-c-bargou.md - Ralph Weichselbaum (person): Radiation oncologist at the University of Chicago known for the oligometastasis concept and for research linking radiation with anti-tumour immunity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ralph-weichselbaum.md - Ramaswamy Govindan (person): Showed how smoking-related lung cancers carry ten times the mutations of never-smokers' tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramaswamy-govindan.md - Ramez N. Eskander (person): Led NRG-GY018, which showed pembrolizumab with chemotherapy helps advanced endometrial cancer in both MMR-deficient and proficient disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramez-eskander.md - Ramon E. Parsons (person): Discovered the tumour-suppressor gene PTEN, one of the most frequently lost genes in cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramon-parsons.md - Ramón Reyes Bori (person): Ramón Reyes Bori represents Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramon-reyes-bori.md - Ramon Salazar i Soler (person): Director general who leads the Institut Català d'Oncologia, the Catalan public cancer institute that runs comprehensive cancer services across several hospital sites. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ramon-salazar-soler.md - Rana McKay (person): Genitourinary medical oncologist at UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center leading clinical science, with a strong trial record in prostate and kidney cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rana-mckay.md - Randy Pausch (person): A computer scientist with terminal pancreatic cancer who gave a lecture in 2007 on achieving childhood dreams. Tens of millions watched it, and he testified to Congress for pancreatic cancer research funding before he died at 47. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/randy-pausch.md - Rashid Khalani (person): Hospital executive who leads Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, the private teaching hospital in Kenya that runs one of East Africa's largest cancer services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rashid-khalani.md - Rasmus Møgelvang (person): Cardiologist who has served as Hospital Director of Rigshospitalet, Denmark's largest and most specialised hospital, since 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rasmus-mogelvang.md - Ratan Tata (person): Under his chairmanship Tata Trusts launched a cancer care programme in 2017 to bring affordable treatment closer to home: 20 hospitals across seven states and, with the Assam government, a three-level network of 19 cancer facilities across the north-east. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ratan-tata.md - Ravindra Uppaluri (person): Surgeon-scientist who led the first neoadjuvant pembrolizumab trial in head and neck cancer and the KEYNOTE-689 study that made it standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ravindra-uppaluri.md - Raymond N. DuBois (person): Physician-scientist known for work on inflammation in gastrointestinal cancers who directs MUSC Hollings Cancer Center, South Carolina's NCI-designated cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raymond-dubois.md - Razelle Kurzrock (person): Precision oncology pioneer who showed that matching drugs to each patient's mutations, in combination, improves outcomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/razelle-kurzrock.md - Rebecca Auer (person): Cancer surgeon and scientist who leads research and innovation at The Ottawa Hospital and its research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rebecca-auer.md - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald (person): Invented the Cytosponge, a swallowable sponge-on-a-string that finds Barrett's oesophagus without endoscopy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rebecca-fitzgerald.md - Rebecca Dent (person): Breast medical oncologist and Deputy CEO for clinical operations at the National Cancer Centre Singapore, an international leader in triple-negative breast cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rebecca-dent.md - Rebecca Li (person): Leads Vivli, the non-profit global platform for sharing anonymised individual participant data from clinical trials, including oncology studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rebecca-li.md - Refik Emre Çeçen (person): Refik Emre Çeçen represents Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Turkey. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/refik-emre-cecen.md - Regina Barzilay (person): Computer scientist who built Mirai and Sybil, AI models that predict breast and lung cancer risk years before diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/regina-barzilay.md - Reinhard Büttner (person): Molecular pathologist who co-founded Network Genomic Medicine and characterised lung cancer genomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reinhard-buettner.md - Reinhard Dummer (person): Swiss dermato-oncologist who led COLUMBUS and the neoadjuvant talimogene laherparepvec studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reinhard-dummer.md - Renaldas Jurkevičius (person): Renaldas Jurkevičius represents Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Lithuania. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/renaldas-jurkevicius.md - Renaud de Crevoisier (person): Professor of medicine who directs Centre Eugène Marquis, the regional comprehensive cancer centre for Brittany in Rennes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/renaud-de-crevoisier.md - Renaud Witmeur (person): Chief executive of the Brussels University Hospital group that runs Institut Jules Bordet, Belgium's dedicated cancer institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/renaud-witmeur.md - René Bernards (person): Cancer geneticist who explained why BRAF inhibitors fail in colorectal cancer, leading to the BEACON combination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rene-bernards.md - René Medema (person): Cancer biologist and former head of the Netherlands Cancer Institute who sits on the three-member executive board of the Princess Máxima Center as Chief Scientific Officer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rene-medema.md - Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan (person): Ran the large Indian trials that showed a single round of HPV testing halves cervical cancer deaths and that visual oral examination cuts deaths in tobacco users, and led the study behind single-dose HPV vaccination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sankaranarayanan-rengaswamy.md - Renier J. Brentjens (person): Built one of the first CD19 CAR-T programmes and invented 'armoured' CAR-T cells that secrete cytokines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/renier-brentjens.md - Reuben Shaw (person): Cancer biologist who directs the NCI-designated Salk Cancer Center in La Jolla and holds the William R. Brody Chair at the Salk Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/reuben-shaw.md - Riccardo Bui (person): Riccardo Bui represents IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/riccardo-bui.md - Ricco Norman Dyhr (person): Ricco Norman Dyhr represents Zealand University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Denmark. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ricco-norman-dyhr.md - Richard Barakat (person): Physician-in-Chief and Executive Director of the Northwell Cancer Institute, the cancer service of New York's largest health system. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-barakat.md - Richard D. Carvajal (person): Melanoma oncologist who led the tebentafusp programme in the United States and defined targeted therapy for rare melanoma subtypes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-carvajal.md - Richard Gray (person): Statistician behind the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' meta-analyses that set the global evidence base for adjuvant therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-gray.md - Richard Lesiyampe (person): Chief Executive Officer of Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya's largest public referral hospital and a major provider of cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-lesiyampe.md - Richard M. Stone (person): Led RATIFY, the trial that made midostaurin the first targeted therapy added to induction chemotherapy for AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-stone.md - Richard Mitchell (person): NHS chief executive who leads University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, the hospital partner of the University of Leicester's Leicester Cancer Research Centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-mitchell.md - Richard Rogel (person): Richard and Susan Rogel's 2018 gift to the University of Michigan renamed its NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre, founded in 1986, the Rogel Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-rogel.md - Richard S. Finn (person): Led PALOMA-2, which made palbociclib a first-line breast cancer drug, and IMbrave150, which made immunotherapy the standard for liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-finn.md - Richard Schulick (person): Pancreatic cancer surgeon who has directed the University of Colorado Cancer Center, the state's NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre, since 2018. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-schulick.md - Richard Van Etten (person): Physician-scientist who directs the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at UC Irvine, the NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre for Orange County. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-van-etten.md - Rita Schmutzler (person): Gynaecological oncologist and hereditary cancer expert who became President of Deutsche Krebshilfe, Germany's largest cancer charity, in 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rita-schmutzler.md - Rob Abbott (person): Chief Executive Officer of ISPOR, the professional society for health economics and outcomes research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rob-abbott.md - Rob Bristow (person): Rob Bristow represents The Christie NHS Foundation Trust in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in United Kingdom. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rob-bristow.md - Robbie G. Majzner (person): Led the GD2 CAR-T trial in diffuse midline glioma and defined antigen density as a barrier to CAR-T in solid tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robbie-majzner.md - Robert A. Fenstermaker (person): Robert Fenstermaker invented SurVaxM, a survivin-targeted vaccine in late-stage trials for glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-fenstermaker.md - Robert A. Gatenby (person): Applies evolutionary game theory to cancer treatment, dosing drugs to control rather than eradicate resistant clones. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-gatenby.md - Robert A. Winn (person): Physician who leads VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center in Richmond, Virginia, the NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre of Virginia Commonwealth University. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-winn.md - Robert D. Schreiber (person): Proposed cancer immunoediting and showed neoantigens are the targets of checkpoint immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-schreiber.md - Robert D. Timmerman (person): Pioneer of stereotactic body radiotherapy, whose RTOG 0236 trial made SBRT the standard for inoperable early lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-timmerman.md - Robert Figlin (person): Medical oncologist who has led Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles as Interim Director since March 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-figlin.md - Robert G. Uzzo (person): Surgeon and cancer centre executive who is President and CEO of Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia and Executive Vice President for Cancer Services at Temple University Health System. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-uzzo.md - Robert H. Mach (person): Robert Mach invented the PARP PET tracer FluorThanatrace that images DNA repair capacity in tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-mach.md - Robert H. Vonderheide (person): Directs Penn's cancer centre and pioneered CD40 agonist immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-vonderheide.md - Robert J. Motzer (person): The kidney cancer trialist behind sunitinib, CheckMate 214 and CLEAR, three shifts in first-line standard of care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-motzer.md - Robert L. Coleman (person): Gynaecologic oncologist who led ARIEL3 and GOG-0213, shaping PARP maintenance and secondary surgery in relapsed ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-coleman.md - Robert Negrin (person): Stanford transplant physician and cellular immunologist who is President of the American Society of Hematology for 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-negrin.md - Robert Peel (person): Kidney specialist from NHS Highland who chairs the Scottish Medicines Consortium, the body that decides which newly licensed medicines are accepted for use in the Scottish health service. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-peel.md - Robert S. Langer (person): Biomedical engineer whose Koch Institute lab pioneered controlled drug delivery and nanomedicine, including approaches to cancer therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-langer.md - Robert S. Mannel (person): Oklahoma gynecologic oncologist and Senior Vice President of the GOG Foundation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-mannel.md - Robert Sandler (person): A two-year-old with acute leukaemia treated by Sidney Farber with the folate antagonist aminopterin from December 1947. His temporary remission, reported in 1948, was the first evidence that a drug could turn back leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-sandler.md - Robert Šeparović (person): Robert Šeparović represents University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Croatia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-separovic.md - Robert W. Stone (person): Leads City of Hope, which expanded into a national cancer system with the acquisition of Cancer Treatment Centers of America. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-stone.md - Robert W. Woodruff (person): After his mother Emily Winship Woodruff died of cancer in 1937, he gave Emory University the gift that founded the Winship Clinic; his foundation's $400 million gift in 2018 is building Winship's new Midtown Atlanta home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robert-woodruff.md - Roberto Cunsolo (person): Roberto Cunsolo represents Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Italy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roberto-cunsolo.md - Roberto de Almeida Gil (person): Director-General of Brazil's Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), the Ministry of Health body that coordinates national cancer control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roberto-de-almeida-gil.md - Roberto Orecchia (person): Radiation oncologist who led intraoperative radiotherapy trials and directs research at IEO. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roberto-orecchia.md - Robin T. Zon (person): Community oncologist who led ASCO in 2024-25 with a focus on bringing trials to patients close to home. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robin-zon.md - Robyn Ward (person): Medical oncologist and cancer geneticist who chairs the independent expert committee that recommends which medicines Australia subsidises through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/robyn-ward.md - Roger Stupp (person): Led the EORTC/NCIC trial that made temozolomide with radiotherapy the glioblastoma standard, and the EF-14 trial of tumour treating fields. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roger-stupp.md - Rohit Bhargava (person): Engineer who founded and directs the Cancer Center at Illinois, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign centre that applies engineering and basic science to cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rohit-bhargava.md - Rolando Medeiros (person): Rolando Medeiros represents Fundación Arturo López Pérez in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Chile. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rolando-medeiros.md - Rolf A. Stahel (person): Founded the European Thoracic Oncology Platform and leads the merged ETOP IBCSG academic trials foundation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rolf-stahel.md - Rolf Kiessling (person): Rolf Kiessling is the immunologist who first described natural killer cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rolf-kiessling.md - Roman Rouzier (person): Gynaecological and breast surgeon who has directed Centre François Baclesse, the comprehensive cancer centre for Normandy in Caen, since July 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roman-rouzier.md - Roman Thomas (person): Roman Thomas is a cancer genomicist who mapped the genomes of small-cell lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roman-thomas.md - Ronald Cohn (person): Clinical geneticist who leads The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, one of the world's largest paediatric academic health centres. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ronald-cohn.md - Ronald Levy (person): Developed the first antibody treatment for cancer, rituximab, and still works on training the immune system against lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ronald-levy.md - Ronan J. Kelly (person): Led CheckMate 577, the first trial to show adjuvant immunotherapy helps oesophageal cancer patients with residual disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ronan-kelly.md - Rosaline den Blanken (person): Rosaline den Blanken represents Rijnstate in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in The Netherlands. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rosaline-den-blanken.md - Rose Kushner (person): Diagnosed in 1974, she refused the standard practice of biopsy and mastectomy under one anaesthetic without the patient's say. Her campaign made the two-step procedure and informed choice the norm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rose-kushner.md - Ross L. Levine (person): Discovered the JAK2 mutation behind most myeloproliferative neoplasms and defined the genetics of clonal haematopoiesis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ross-levine.md - Roxana del Águila (person): Physician who is Director General of the Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, the University of Buenos Aires cancer institute in Argentina. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roxana-del-aguila.md - Roy S. Herbst (person): Lung cancer trialist behind KEYNOTE-010 and the ADAURA adjuvant osimertinib trial. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/roy-herbst.md - Ruben Mesa (person): Physician who is Executive Director of the NCI-designated Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center in Winston-Salem and President of its cancer service line. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ruben-mesa.md - Rui-Hua Xu (person): Leads China's largest cancer centre and has run the Chinese phase 3 trials that brought PD-1 antibodies into GI cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xu-rui-hua.md - Ruslan Baltaga (person): Ruslan Baltaga represents Oncological Institute of Moldova in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Moldova. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ruslan-baltaga.md - Ruth Ladenstein (person): Chaired the SIOPEN HR-NBL1 trial, the largest neuroblastoma trial ever, which set European standards for high-risk disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ruth-ladenstein.md - Ruth Plummer (person): Ruth Plummer is an early-phase trialist who ran the first-in-human study of a PARP inhibitor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ruth-plummer.md - Ryan B. Corcoran (person): Worked out why BRAF inhibitors fail in colorectal cancer and how to combine drugs to overcome it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ryan-corcoran.md - Ryan J. Sullivan (person): Ryan Sullivan is a melanoma trialist and a leading voice on managing immunotherapy side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ryan-sullivan.md - Ryan Schoenfeld (person): Medicinal chemist who leads The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research, a funder that turns laboratory discoveries into new cancer tests and treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ryan-schoenfeld.md - S. Vincent Rajkumar (person): Myeloma expert who wrote the diagnostic criteria the field uses and a persistent critic of drug prices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vincent-rajkumar.md - Saad Z. Usmani (person): Saad Usmani led the pivotal teclistamab study, the first bispecific antibody approved for myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/saad-usmani.md - Sabine Linn (person): Sabine Linn is a breast oncologist testing DNA-damaging chemotherapy in BRCA-like breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sabine-linn.md - Sacha Gougnard (person): Sacha Gougnard represents Institut Jules Bordet in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Belgium. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sacha-gougnard.md - Sagar Lonial (person): Led SIRIUS and the DREAMM programme, bringing daratumumab monotherapy and the BCMA ADC belantamab to myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sagar-lonial.md - Saijuan Chen (person): Saijuan Chen helped turn acute promyelocytic leukaemia from one of the deadliest leukaemias into one of the most curable, by showing how retinoic acid and arsenic act and combining them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chen-saijuan.md - Samantha Du (Du Ying) (person): Samantha Du founded Zai Lab in 2014 to license Western cancer drugs for China, bringing niraparib, zanidatamab and Tumour Treating Fields to Chinese patients years earlier than they would otherwise have arrived. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/du-samantha.md - Samantha Oakes (person): Cancer biologist turned research executive who serves as CEO of the ANZUP Cancer Trials Group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/samantha-oakes.md - Samra Turajlić (person): Medical oncologist and cancer-evolution researcher who leads the TRACERx Renal study and now directs the Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/samra-turajlic.md - Sandile Mfenyana (person): Chief executive of Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Soweto, one of the largest hospitals in the world and a major public referral centre for Gauteng. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sandile-mfenyana.md - Sandra Demaria (person): Weill Cornell pathologist-immunologist known for radiation-immunotherapy research; SITC Vice President. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sandra-demaria.md - Sandra M. Swain (person): Led CLEOPATRA, which showed dual HER2 blockade with pertuzumab gives an unprecedented 16-month survival gain in metastatic disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sandra-swain.md - Sandra Nolte (person): Monash University researcher who is President of the international society for health-related quality of life research for the 2025 to 2027 term. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sandra-nolte.md - Sandra P. D'Angelo (person): Led SPEARHEAD-1, the trial that made afami-cel the first engineered TCR T-cell therapy approved for a solid tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sandra-dangelo.md - Sanford I. Weill (person): In May 2025 the Weill Family Foundation's $100 million challenge launched a $200 million, ten-year cancer research partnership between UCSF and Stanford, the two big Bay Area cancer centres that usually compete. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sanford-weill.md - Sang Joon Shin (person): Sang Joon Shin is a Yonsei medical oncologist active in colorectal cancer and melanoma immunotherapy trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shin-sang-joon.md - Sapna P. Patel (person): Led SWOG S1801, the trial that showed giving pembrolizumab before surgery, not just after, improves outcomes in melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sapna-patel.md - Sara A. Hurvitz (person): Sara Hurvitz is a breast cancer trialist who led DESTINY-Breast03, the trial where Enhertu beat Kadcyla. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sara-hurvitz.md - Sara López-Tarruella (person): Sara López-Tarruella is a breast oncologist leading GEICAM neoadjuvant studies in triple-negative disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sara-lopez-tarruella.md - Sara M. Tolaney (person): Leads Dana-Farber's breast oncology division and many of the trials that moved ADCs and de-escalated therapy into breast cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sara-tolaney.md - Sara Y. Brucker (person): Gynaecologist who co-leads the CCC Tübingen-Stuttgart and directs women's health at Tübingen University Hospital, with research in breast and gynaecological cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sara-brucker.md - Sarah-Jane Dawson (person): A ctDNA pioneer whose early work showed blood could track breast cancer better than protein markers or imaging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dawson-sarah-jane.md - Sarantos Efstathopoulos (person): Sarantos Efstathopoulos represents Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Greece. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sarantos-efstathopoulos.md - Sascha Dietrich (person): Haematologist-oncologist and Deputy Medical Director at University Hospital Düsseldorf, known for drug-response profiling in lymphoma and leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sascha-dietrich.md - Sattva S. Neelapu (person): Led ZUMA-1, the trial that made axicabtagene ciloleucel the first CAR-T therapy approved for lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sattva-neelapu.md - Satu Tiainen (person): Chief physician who directs Itäinen syöpäkeskus, the FICAN East regional cancer centre hosted by Kuopio University Hospital and the Pohjois-Savo wellbeing services county. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/satu-tiainen.md - Scott J. Antonia (person): Led PACIFIC, which made a year of durvalumab after chemoradiation the standard for stage III lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scott-antonia.md - Scott Kopetz (person): Led BEACON and BREAKWATER, the trials that gave BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer its first targeted therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/scott-kopetz.md - Se-Hoon Lee (person): A lung cancer oncologist who has helped test checkpoint inhibitors and next-generation ADCs in Korean patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lee-se-hoon.md - Sean Parker (person): In 2016 he founded and funded an institute that runs cancer immunotherapy research as one network across a dozen leading cancer centres, sharing data, samples and patents rather than competing for them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sean-parker.md - Sébastien Armanet (person): Director General who runs the operational team of ARCAGY-GINECO, the French non-profit academic research group for gynaecological and metastatic breast cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sebastien-armanet.md - Selwyn M. Vickers (person): Selwyn Vickers is a surgeon-scientist who leads the world's top-ranked cancer hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/selwyn-vickers.md - Semir Beyaz (person): Shows how diet reprogrammes intestinal stem cells and immunity to change colorectal cancer risk. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/semir-beyaz.md - Senda Tounsi (person): Director General of Institut Salah Azaïez in Tunis, Tunisia's national cancer institute with around 208 beds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/senda-tounsi.md - Senthil K. Muthuswamy (person): Cancer biologist who directs the National Cancer Institute's Center for Cancer Research, the large intramural research programme in Bethesda. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/senthil-muthuswamy.md - Seock-Ah Im (person): Led MONALEESA-7, which proved a CDK4/6 inhibitor extends survival in premenopausal breast cancer, and steers Korea's breast cancer trial network. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/im-seock-ah.md - Serena Nik-Zainal (person): Deciphered the mutational signatures written in cancer genomes and turned them into clinical tests like HRDetect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/serena-nik-zainal.md - Sergio Roman-Roman (person): Directs the translational research department that developed models and targets for uveal melanoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sergio-roman-roman.md - Seyed Rouhollah Miri (person): Surgical oncologist who heads the Cancer Institute of Iran at Tehran's Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, the country's oldest dedicated cancer institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seyed-rouhollah-miri.md - Shabir A. Madhi (person): Vaccinologist and Dean of the Wits Faculty of Health Sciences, the academic partner of Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shabir-madhi.md - Shaheem de Vries (person): Emergency physician and health manager who was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Groote Schuur Hospital, the University of Cape Town's main teaching hospital, in February 2024. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shaheem-de-vries.md - Shahneen Sandhu (person): Runs the medical oncology side of Peter Mac's theranostics programme, combining lutetium-PSMA with hormonal and immune therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sandhu-shahneen.md - Shahrokh F. Shariat (person): Prolific urologic oncologist who chairs Vienna's Department of Urology and leads the Comprehensive Cancer Center of MedUni Wien and AKH. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shahrokh-f-shariat.md - Shahrokh Shariat (person): Shahrokh Shariat represents Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna / AKH in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Austria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shahrokh-shariat.md - Shaikh Fahad bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (person): Major General and physician who commands Bahrain's Royal Medical Services, the health system that runs King Hamad University Hospital and the national Bahrain Oncology Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shaikh-fahad-bin-khalifa-al-khalifa.md - Shaji K. Kumar (person): Myeloma trialist who led venetoclax and quadruplet studies and helped define MRD response criteria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shaji-kumar.md - Shalene Curtis-Micallef (person): Senior public servant who has led Health Canada as Deputy Minister since January 2026, after serving as Canada's Deputy Minister of Justice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shalene-curtis-micallef.md - Shalini Singh (person): Public health researcher who directs ICMR-NICPR in Noida, the Indian Council of Medical Research's national institute for cancer prevention and research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shalini-singh.md - Shane DeGaris (person): Group Chief Executive of Barts Health NHS Trust, the London hospital group whose cancer services partner with Barts Cancer Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shane-degaris.md - Shankar Siva (person): Radiation oncologist who established stereotactic radiotherapy as a non-surgical option for primary kidney cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shankar-siva.md - Shanu Modi (person): Led DESTINY-Breast01 and DESTINY-Breast04, the trials that created the HER2-low category and opened T-DXd to most breast cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanu-modi.md - Shaoli Song (person): Leads the nuclear medicine group behind the first human TROP2 PET imaging, aiming to pick patients for TROP2 ADCs with a scan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/song-shaoli.md - Shaomeng Wang (person): Shaomeng Wang is the medicinal chemist behind some of the first clinical MDM2 inhibitors and PROTAC degraders. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shaomeng-wang.md - Shari Pilon-Thomas (person): Shari Pilon-Thomas is the immunologist behind Moffitt's TIL manufacturing and the biology of who responds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shari-pilon-thomas.md - Sharon Armstrong (person): Clinical Director of specialist oncology services at the Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Scotland's largest cancer treatment centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sharon-armstrong.md - Sharon Belvin (person): Diagnosed with metastatic melanoma at 22, she received the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab in an early trial at Memorial Sloan Kettering and has been cancer-free since. Her meeting with James Allison in 2006 is part of immunotherapy's history. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sharon-belvin.md - Sherene Loi (person): Showed that immune cells inside breast tumours predict outcome, the basis for de-escalating chemotherapy in TNBC. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/loi-sherene.md - Sherif Abouel Naga (person): Paediatric oncologist who is chief executive of the 57357 group and general manager of Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 in Cairo. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sherif-abouel-naga.md - Sherry Lansing (person): The former Paramount chief co-founded Stand Up To Cancer, whose televised specials and Dream Teams have pledged over $800 million to collaborative research that fed into several approved cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sherry-lansing.md - Shilpa Gupta (person): Genitourinary oncologist leading bladder and kidney cancer trials and national guideline work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shilpa-gupta.md - Shimon Sakaguchi (person): Discovered regulatory T cells, the immune cells that suppress anti-tumour responses and are now a target for cancer therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shimon-sakaguchi.md - Shinji Ohno (person): A senior breast cancer specialist who has led Japanese arms of adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer trials for two decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ohno-shinji.md - Shivaani Kummar (person): Drug development oncologist who directs the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shivaani-kummar.md - Shlomi Codish (person): Internal medicine physician and medical informatics specialist who leads Soroka University Medical Center in Beersheba, the largest hospital in southern Israel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shlomi-codish.md - Shukui Qin (person): Shukui Qin has led most of the Chinese liver cancer trials of the past decade, including the ones that put camrelizumab plus rivoceranib and donafenib into first-line use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/qin-shukui.md - Shun Lu (person): A Shanghai lung cancer trialist who has led many Chinese PD-1 and EGFR-TKI phase 3 studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lu-shun.md - Shunji Takahashi (person): Shunji Takahashi leads medical oncology and early-phase trials at Japan's oldest cancer institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/takahashi-shunji.md - Sibylle Loibl (person): Leads the German Breast Group, whose GeparX trials defined neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sibylle-loibl.md - Sid Sijbrandij (person): The GitLab co-founder who kept working and writing in public through osteosarcoma treatment, showing what living with a rare bone cancer looks like from the inside. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sid-sijbrandij.md - Sidney Farber (person): In 1947-48 he showed that the folate antagonist aminopterin could send childhood leukaemia into remission, the first drug ever to do so. He then built Dana-Farber and, with Mary Lasker, won the 1971 National Cancer Act. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sidney-farber.md - Sidney Kimmel (person): The Jones Apparel founder has given $157 million to Johns Hopkins since 2001, which named its cancer centre for him, and put $50 million into the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy in 2016. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sidney-kimmel.md - Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson (person): Leads iStopMM, which screened most of Iceland's adults for myeloma precursors to test whether early detection helps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sigurdur-kristinsson.md - Silke Gillessen (person): Founder and chair of the APCCC consensus conference that guides advanced prostate cancer management worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/silke-gillessen.md - Silvana Konermann (person): Neuroscientist and co-founder who runs the Arc Institute, an independent research institute in the San Francisco Bay Area built to tackle complex diseases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/silvana-konermann.md - Silvia Stacchiotti (person): Italian oncologist who leads histology-specific trials in ultra-rare sarcomas and the Connective Tissue Oncology Society. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/silvia-stacchiotti.md - Simona Sancini (person): Medical Director of IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital in Rozzano (Milan), responsible for clinical governance across the hospital and its cancer center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/simona-sancini.md - Simron Singh (person): Led NETTER-2, which moved lutetium dotatate into first-line treatment of higher-grade neuroendocrine tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/simron-singh.md - Sir Chris Hoy (person): Britain's most decorated Olympic cyclist made his stage 4 prostate cancer public in 2024 and founded Tour de 4, a mass ride that shows people can live well with advanced cancer and has raised more than £2.7 million for cancer charities. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chris-hoy.md - Sir Dorabji Tata (person): After his wife Meherbai's illness and death in 1931 he founded the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust in 1932 and left it everything he had; the Trust built Tata Memorial in 1941, called the first large contribution of India to the international fight against cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/dorabji-tata.md - Sir Richard Peto (person): Epidemiologist who quantified how smoking kills and invented the meta-analysis methods that established adjuvant cancer therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/richard-peto.md - Sirkku Jyrkkiö (person): Sirkku Jyrkkiö represents Turku University Hospital Cancer Centre in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Finland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sirkku-jyrkkio.md - Sirpa Leppä (person): Helsinki oncologist who chairs the Nordic Lymphoma Group, the cooperative network that runs lymphoma trials and guidelines across the Nordic countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sirpa-leppa.md - Solange Peters (person): Solange Peters is a lung cancer trialist and past ESMO President who led CheckMate 743 in mesothelioma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/solange-peters.md - Sonia García de San José (person): Sonia García de San José represents Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Spain. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sonia-garcia-de-san-jose.md - Sonja Optendrenk (person): Impartial chair of Germany's Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), the body that decides which treatments statutory health insurance covers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sonja-optendrenk.md - Sophia Varadkar (person): Paediatric neurologist and Chief Medical Officer of Great Ormond Street Hospital, responsible for clinical standards and patient safety. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sophia-varadkar.md - Stanislaw Klek (person): Chairman of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the society that issues Europe's clinical nutrition guidelines, including those for people with cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stanislaw-klek.md - Stanley R. Riddell (person): Adoptive T-cell therapy pioneer whose defined-composition CAR-T work led to lisocabtagene maraleucel. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stanley-riddell.md - Stefan Fröhling (person): Runs the NCT/DKTK MASTER programme that sequences whole genomes of rare and young-adult cancers to guide therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stefan-froehling.md - Stefan Pfister (person): Paediatric oncologist whose genomic work redefined childhood brain tumours into molecular subgroups. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stefan-pfister.md - Stefan S. Bielack (person): Leads the COSS group and co-led EURAMOS-1, the largest osteosarcoma trial ever run. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stefan-bielack.md - Stephan A. Grupp (person): Treated the first child with CAR-T cells and led ELIANA, the trial behind the first CAR-T approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephan-grupp.md - Stephen B. Baylin (person): Founder of cancer epigenetics, showing that abnormal DNA methylation silences tumour-suppressor genes and can be reversed by drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephen-baylin.md - Stephen J. Forman (person): Transplant pioneer who built City of Hope's cell therapy programme, one of the largest in the country. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephen-forman.md - Stephen J. Schuster (person): Led JULIET, which brought tisagenlecleucel, the first CAR-T, to adults with relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephen-schuster.md - Stephen Johnston (person): Chief investigator of monarchE, the trial that added abemaciclib to adjuvant endocrine therapy for high-risk early breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephen-johnston.md - Stephen P. Hunger (person): Chaired the COG leukaemia committee through the era that pushed childhood ALL cure rates above 90%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephen-hunger.md - Stephen Scherer (person): Genome scientist who heads research at SickKids and co-discovered genome-wide copy number variation in humans. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephen-scherer.md - Stephen Sutton (person): Diagnosed with bowel cancer at 15, he turned his final years into a public campaign that raised more than £5 million for the Teenage Cancer Trust before he died at 19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/stephen-sutton.md - Steve Jobs (person): Diagnosed in 2003 with a rare, slow-growing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour, he put off surgery for about nine months while trying diet and alternative approaches. His case is the standard example in discussions of delay and unproven therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steve-jobs.md - Steven A. Rosenberg (person): Father of cancer immunotherapy: first to cure patients with IL-2 and with their own tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-rosenberg.md - Steven Clifford (person): Medulloblastoma biologist whose molecular subgrouping work underpins risk-adapted treatment of childhood brain tumours; directs Newcastle University's cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-clifford.md - Steven E. Artandi (person): Steven Artandi is a telomerase biologist who directs Stanford's cancer institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-artandi.md - Steven K. Libutti (person): Surgeon who directs Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, the state's NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-k-libutti.md - Steven Le Gouill (person): Steven Le Gouill is a lymphoma specialist who leads the Institut Curie hospitals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-le-gouill.md - Steven M. Horwitz (person): Led ECHELON-2, the first trial to improve survival in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, using brentuximab vedotin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-horwitz.md - Steven P. Treon (person): Discovered the MYD88 mutation that defines Waldenström macroglobulinaemia and led the trial that made ibrutinib its first approved drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-treon.md - Steven T. Rosen (person): Steven Rosen is a lymphoma specialist who directs City of Hope's research enterprise. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/steven-rosen.md - Sudeep Gupta (person): Sudeep Gupta leads India's largest cancer centre and its programme of pragmatic, affordable trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gupta-sudeep.md - Sulaiman Shahabuddin (person): Sulaiman Shahabuddin represents The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Tanzania. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sulaiman-shahabuddin.md - Sultan Mohamed Alkaram (person): Chief executive for the Al Ain region who leads Tawam Hospital, the main national cancer treatment centre in the United Arab Emirates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sultan-mohamed-alkaram.md - Sumanta K. Pal (person): Led SWOG 1500, the first randomised trial to set a standard for papillary kidney cancer, and studies of the microbiome in RCC immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sumanta-pal.md - Sumit Gupta (person): Led COG AALL1731, which showed adding blinatumomab to chemotherapy improves survival for children with standard-risk leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sumit-gupta.md - Sun Young Rha (person): A gastric cancer trialist who led Korean arms of first-line immunotherapy and Claudin 18.2 studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/rha-sun-young.md - Sundar Jagannath (person): Veteran myeloma trialist who helped bring proteasome inhibitors and bispecifics to patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sundar-jagannath.md - Sung-Bae Kim (person): Sung-Bae Kim is a leading Korean breast oncologist on the steering committees of the trastuzumab emtansine and deruxtecan trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kim-sung-bae.md - Sung-Gyu Lee (person): Built the world's highest-volume living-donor liver transplant programme, a cornerstone of liver cancer care in Asia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lee-sung-gyu.md - Sunil Kumar Barnwal (person): Civil servant who leads the National Health Authority, the agency that runs India's Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY public health insurance scheme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunil-kumar-barnwal.md - Sunil Lakhani (person): Brisbane breast pathologist who chairs the board of Breast Cancer Trials, the Australia and New Zealand breast cancer clinical trials group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sunil-lakhani.md - Supriya G. Mohile (person): Led GAP70+, which showed a geriatric assessment cuts serious chemotherapy toxicity in older patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/supriya-mohile.md - Surendra Shastri (person): Led the Mumbai trial showing that visual inspection with acetic acid by health workers cuts cervical cancer deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shastri-surendra.md - Suresh S. Ramalingam (person): Lung cancer medical oncologist who leads Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and led the FLAURA trial of osimertinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/suresh-ramalingam.md - Susan C. Msadabwe (person): Physician who runs the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia's national cancer treatment hospital, as its Senior Medical Superintendent. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susan-msadabwe.md - Susan Clark (person): Pioneer of DNA methylation analysis whose Garvan laboratory studies how epigenetic changes drive prostate and breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susan-clark.md - Susan Furth (person): Paediatric nephrologist and Chief Scientific Officer of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, overseeing its research institute including paediatric cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susan-furth.md - Susan L. Cohn (person): Neuroblastoma expert who built the international risk classification used to guide treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susan-cohn.md - Susan Love (person): Her Breast Book gave women the information to question their surgeons; she co-founded the National Breast Cancer Coalition and in 2008 recruited hundreds of thousands of women into research through the Army of Women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susan-love.md - Susan M. Domchek (person): Leads the world's first centre dedicated to BRCA-related cancers and the trials of PARP inhibitors plus immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susan-domchek.md - Susana Blanco (person): Physician who heads Argentina's Dirección Nacional del Cáncer, the national cancer body within the Ministry of Health that succeeded the Instituto Nacional del Cáncer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susana-blanco.md - Susana Puig (person): Dermatologist and melanoma researcher who directs IDIBAPS, the research institute of Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/susana-puig.md - Suzanne L. Topalian (person): Suzanne Topalian led the first nivolumab trials showing PD-1 blockade works across several cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/suzanne-topalian.md - Suzette Delaloge (person): Breast medical oncologist from Gustave Roussy who chairs the board of France's Institut National du Cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/suzette-delaloge.md - T. Naveen (person): Director of Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, the Karnataka state government's regional cancer centre in Bengaluru. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/t-naveen.md - Tae Won Kim (person): Tae Won Kim is Korea's leading colorectal cancer trialist, an investigator on the fruquintinib, trifluridine/tipiracil, and anti-EGFR studies used worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kim-tae-won.md - Tae-You Kim (person): A GI oncologist and genomics researcher who leads precision oncology and colorectal cancer trials at Seoul National University. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kim-tae-you.md - Tak W. Mak (person): Cloned the T-cell receptor and co-discovered CTLA-4's brake function, foundations of modern immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tak-mak.md - Takashi Kamei (person): Director of Tohoku University Hospital, the leading university hospital and cancer genomic medicine hub for the Tohoku region of Japan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/takashi-kamei.md - Takashi Kohno (person): Genomics leader behind LC-SCRUM-Japan, the nationwide screening network that finds rare lung cancer drivers for trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kohno-takashi.md - Takayuki Ueno (person): Takayuki Ueno is a breast surgeon whose translational work links tumour biology to neoadjuvant response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ueno-takayuki.md - Takayuki Yoshino (person): Leads CIRCULATE-Japan, the largest ctDNA-guided adjuvant programme in colorectal cancer, and the PARADIGM and SCRUM-Japan GI efforts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yoshino-takayuki.md - Takeshi Sano (person): Takeshi Sano is one of the world's authorities on gastric cancer surgery and the Japanese staging and treatment guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/sano-takeshi.md - Talia Golan (person): Led POLO, the first biomarker-driven trial in pancreatic cancer, which brought olaparib to BRCA carriers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/talia-golan.md - Tammy Kang (person): Paediatric oncologist and palliative care physician serving as Interim Director of Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tammy-kang.md - Tammy Quigley (person): Hospital executive who leads the cancer programme at London Health Sciences Centre, home of the Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, and the South West Regional Cancer Program in Ontario. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tammy-quigley.md - Tan Weihong (person): Chinese Academy of Sciences academician who is President of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital in Hangzhou and director of the CAS Hangzhou Institute of Medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tan-weihong.md - Tanios Bekaii-Saab (person): GI oncologist behind trials of KRAS, HER2, and FGFR-directed therapy in colorectal and bile duct cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tanios-bekaii-saab.md - Tao Cheng (person): Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering who heads the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital in Tianjin, China's largest national research hospital for haematology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tao-cheng.md - Taofeek K. Owonikoko (person): Medical oncologist who is Executive Director of the NCI-designated Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Maryland in Baltimore. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/taofeek-owonikoko.md - Tari A. King (person): Breast surgical oncologist at Winship Cancer Institute and President-Elect of the Society of Surgical Oncology, known for research on lobular breast cancer and surgical de-escalation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tari-king.md - Tariq Enver (person): Scientist who directs the Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, the multi-institution London hub for cancer biotherapeutics research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tariq-enver.md - Tarmo Bakler (person): Tarmo Bakler represents East Tallinn Central Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Estonia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tarmo-bakler.md - Tasuku Honjo (person): He discovered the PD-1 molecule on T cells in 1992 and showed it acts as a brake on immune attack. Blocking it produced nivolumab and pembrolizumab, now used across dozens of cancers; Nobel Prize 2018. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tasuku-honjo.md - Tatsuya Ohno (person): Carbon-ion radiotherapy specialist who directs the Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Japan's first university-based carbon-ion cancer treatment facility. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tatsuya-ohno.md - Ted Williams (person): From the 1940s until his last clinic visit in 1999 the greatest hitter in baseball raised money for Dana-Farber's Jimmy Fund and visited children on the wards on condition that no one wrote about it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ted-williams.md - Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (person): Director-General of the World Health Organization, under whom WHO's global cancer initiatives are run. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tedros-adhanom-ghebreyesus.md - Teresa Cotta-Dias (person): Secretary-General responsible for the Champalimaud Clinical Centre, the Foundation's cancer-focused clinical arm. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/teresa-cotta-dias.md - Terry Fox (person): After losing a leg to bone cancer at 18, he set out in 1980 to run across Canada for cancer research. He covered 5,373 km before the disease returned; the run he started has raised over C$850 million. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/terry-fox.md - Theodore R. Levin (person): Gastroenterologist who leads cancer research at Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research and is a leading figure in colorectal cancer screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/theodore-levin.md - Theodore S. Hong (person): Showed how radiation, including proton therapy, can be used in liver and pancreatic cancers previously considered unsuitable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/theodore-hong.md - Theodore S. Lawrence (person): Radiation oncologist who developed adaptive liver radiotherapy and radiosensitising drug combinations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/theodore-lawrence.md - Thierry André (person): Led MOSAIC, which made FOLFOX the adjuvant standard, and KEYNOTE-177, which made pembrolizumab first-line for MSI-high colon cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thierry-andre.md - Thierry Conroy (person): Led the FOLFIRINOX trials that gave pancreatic cancer its most active chemotherapy in both metastatic and adjuvant settings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thierry-conroy.md - Thierry Facon (person): Led MAIA, which made daratumumab-lenalidomide-dexamethasone the standard for older patients with myeloma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thierry-facon.md - Thomas A. Hope (person): Nuclear medicine physician who led the trials that got PSMA PET approved in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-hope.md - Thomas Bachelot (person): Breast oncologist who led UNICANCER trials on brain metastases and hormone therapy resistance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-bachelot.md - Thomas Balle Kristensen (person): Chief Executive Officer of Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark's largest hospital and a major cancer treatment centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-balle-kristensen.md - Thomas F. Gajewski (person): Defined the T-cell-inflamed tumour, discovered STING's role in anti-tumour immunity and showed gut bacteria shape immunotherapy response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-gajewski.md - Thomas Helleday (person): Co-discovered that PARP inhibitors kill BRCA-deficient cells, the synthetic lethality behind olaparib and its successors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-helleday.md - Thomas Herzog (person): Cincinnati gynecologic oncologist who has led the GOG Foundation as President since July 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-herzog.md - Thomas J. Fuchs (person): Trained the first clinical-grade AI on tens of thousands of slides, leading to the first FDA-authorised AI pathology product. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-fuchs.md - Thomas J. George (person): Oncologist (FACP, FASCO) who is Interim Director of the UF Health Cancer Institute in Gainesville, Florida's only NCI-designated cancer centre based at a public university. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-george.md - Thomas J. Lynch Jr. (person): Thomas Lynch is a lung cancer oncologist who co-discovered EGFR mutations and now leads Fred Hutch. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-lynch.md - Thomas Kaiser (person): Physician who directs IQWiG, the German institute that produces the benefit assessments underpinning cancer drug pricing and coverage decisions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-kaiser.md - Thomas Kindler (person): Haematologist-oncologist who directs the University Cancer Center Mainz at Universitätsmedizin Mainz. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-kindler.md - Thomas P. Loughran Jr. (person): Director who leads the UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center in Charlottesville, Virginia's first NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-loughran.md - Thomas Powles (person): Led EV-302, NIAGARA and IMvigor011, the trials that transformed bladder cancer from chemotherapy-only to ADC, immunotherapy and ctDNA-guided care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-powles.md - Thomas U. Marron (person): Showed that neoadjuvant immunotherapy can produce major pathologic responses in liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thomas-marron.md - Tim Somervaille (person): Haematologist and Senior Group Leader at CRUK Manchester Institute studying the transcriptional drivers of acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tim-somervaille.md - Timothy A. Chan (person): Timothy Chan showed that tumour mutational burden predicts who benefits from checkpoint inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timothy-chan.md - Timothy F. Cloughesy (person): Neuro-oncologist whose neoadjuvant PD-1 trial showed immunotherapy before surgery can activate immune responses in glioblastoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timothy-cloughesy.md - Timothy J. Eberlein (person): Surgeon who has led Siteman since its founding and built it into a top NCI comprehensive centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timothy-eberlein.md - Timothy J. Ley (person): Timothy Ley led the first whole-genome sequencing of a cancer, an AML genome, in 2008. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timothy-ley.md - Timothy J. Whelan (person): Led the Canadian trials that established three-week breast radiotherapy and defined when nodal radiotherapy helps. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timothy-whelan.md - Timothy P. Hughes (person): Defined molecular response monitoring in CML and showed that many patients can safely stop imatinib. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timothy-hughes.md - Timothy Robinson (person): Chief Executive of Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, a large paediatric health system with a major childhood cancer programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timothy-robinson.md - Timur Atsüren (person): General manager who runs Anadolu Medical Center, the foundation-owned hospital near Istanbul that is part of the Anadolu Group and known for its oncology services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/timur-atsuren.md - Tina Cascone (person): Led CheckMate 77T, one of the perioperative immunotherapy trials that changed how operable lung cancer is treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tina-cascone.md - Tobias Janowitz (person): Studies how cancer wastes the whole body and how to stop it, one of the field's neglected problems. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tobias-janowitz.md - Todd R. Golub (person): Showed that gene expression could classify cancers, then built the Broad into the engine of cancer genomics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/todd-golub.md - Tomas Jovaiša (person): Tomas Jovaiša represents Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Lithuania. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tomas-jovaisa.md - Tomáš Kazda (person): Radiation oncologist directing science and research at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, with a research focus on brain tumours and brain metastases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tomas-kazda.md - Tomasz Maciejewski (person): Tomasz Maciejewski represents Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Poland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tomasz-maciejewski.md - Tomi P. Mäkelä (person): Tomi P. Mäkelä represents Finnish Cancer Center (FICAN) in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its full members in Finland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tomi-p-makela.md - Ton Schumacher (person): Immunologist who showed T cells recognise cancer neoantigens, the basis for personalised vaccines and TCR therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ton-schumacher.md - Toni K. Choueiri (person): Leads kidney cancer research worldwide, including the adjuvant pembrolizumab and belzutifan trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/toni-choueiri.md - Toni Vekov (person): Toni Vekov represents Heart and Brain Hospital, Pleven in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in Bulgaria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/toni-vekov.md - Tony S. K. Mok (person): Lung cancer pioneer whose IPASS trial established EGFR-targeted therapy as first-line treatment; chairs Clinical Oncology at CUHK. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tony-mok.md - Toshihiko Doi (person): Led the first-in-human study of trastuzumab deruxtecan and runs one of Asia's most productive phase 1 units. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/doi-toshihiko.md - Tracey Fitzpatrick (person): Tracey Fitzpatrick represents Mater Misericordiae University Hospital in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ireland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tracey-fitzpatrick.md - Trevor J. Pugh (person): Genomicist who applies cell-free DNA and single-cell sequencing to track cancer and immunotherapy response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trevor-pugh.md - Trevor Mundel (person): Physician-scientist who leads the Gates Foundation's Global Health division, including its vaccine and product development work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trevor-mundel.md - Uğur Şahin (person): Immunologist who built individualised mRNA neoantigen vaccines for cancer, the platform later used for COVID-19. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ugur-sahin.md - Ulrich G. Steidl (person): Physician-scientist who directs the Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, the NCI-designated cancer centre serving the Bronx and surrounding New York communities. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ulrich-steidl.md - Ulrich Keilholz (person): Ulrich Keilholz is a medical oncologist who directs the Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ulrich-keilholz.md - Ursula A. Matulonis (person): Ursula Matulonis led the MIRASOL trial that gave ovarian cancer its first ADC with a survival benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ursula-matulonis.md - Usha Menon (person): Led UKCTOCS, the 200,000-woman trial that found ovarian cancer screening does not save lives despite detecting cancers earlier. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/usha-menon.md - Uta Dirksen (person): Paediatric oncologist from University Hospital Essen who presides over SIOP Europe and has led international Ewing sarcoma trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uta-dirksen.md - Uwe Haberkorn (person): Nuclear medicine physician whose group invented FAPI PET tracers and pioneered PSMA and FAP radioligand therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uwe-haberkorn.md - Uwe Oelfke (person): Uwe Oelfke is the radiotherapy physicist behind the Marsden's pioneering MR-linac programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uwe-oelfke.md - Uwe Platzbecker (person): Led MEDALIST and COMMANDS, which made luspatercept a first-line treatment for anaemia in lower-risk MDS. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/uwe-platzbecker.md - V. Shanta (person): The doctor who spent 66 years building Chennai's Cancer Institute into a hospital where most patients are treated free, and who set up India's first population cancer registry and paediatric oncology unit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shanta-v.md - Vadims Beļuns (person): Chair of the management board of Riga East University Hospital, Latvia's largest hospital and home of the Oncology Centre of Latvia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vadims-beluns.md - Valdas Pečeliūnas (person): Director who leads the National Cancer Institute in Vilnius, Lithuania's national specialist cancer treatment and research institute. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valdas-peceliunas.md - Valerie W. Rusch (person): Thoracic surgeon who led the IASLC staging projects that define how lung cancer and mesothelioma are staged. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valerie-rusch.md - Valery Lemmens (person): Cancer epidemiologist and professor who became Director of OncoZON, the oncology network of ten hospitals in the south-east Netherlands, in August 2026. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/valery-lemmens.md - Vanita Noronha (person): A medical oncologist who co-leads Tata Memorial's lung cancer trials and built India's geriatric oncology programme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/noronha-vanita.md - Vasanta Nanduri (person): Clinician at Watford General Hospital who is President of the Histiocyte Society, the international research society for histiocytic disorders, for the 2025 to 2028 term. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vasanta-nanduri.md - Vasyl F. Chekhun (person): Vasyl F. Chekhun represents R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Ukraine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vasyl-f-chekhun.md - Vicente Borrero (person): Hospital leader who has run Fundación Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia, as Director General for three decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vicente-borrero.md - Víctor Hugo Borja Aburto (person): Epidemiologist who heads COFEPRIS, Mexico's federal regulator for medicines, medical devices and other health risks. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/victor-hugo-borja-aburto.md - Victor Piana de Andrade (person): Chief executive of A.C.Camargo Cancer Center in Sao Paulo, one of Latin America's leading cancer hospitals, which he has directed since 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/victor-piana-de-andrade.md - Vigdís Hallgrímsdóttir (person): Vigdís Hallgrímsdóttir represents Landspítali, the National University Hospital of Iceland in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in Iceland. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vigdis-hallgrimsdottir.md - Vijay Patil (person): Showed that very low-dose nivolumab added to cheap chemotherapy improves survival in head and neck cancer, a landmark for affordable immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/patil-vijay.md - Viktor A. Adalsteinsson (person): Engineer who showed low-pass sequencing of blood can replace tumour biopsies and built ultra-sensitive MRD tests. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/viktor-adalsteinsson.md - Vincent K. Tuohy (person): Vincent Tuohy invented a preventive vaccine against triple-negative breast cancer, now in early human trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vincent-tuohy.md - Vincenza Trivigno (person): Executive Director of Swissmedic, the Swiss agency that authorises and supervises medicines and medical devices, including new cancer therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vincenza-trivigno.md - Vincenzo Valentini (person): Vincenzo Valentini is a radiation oncologist known for rectal cancer chemoradiation and outcome modelling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vincenzo-valentini.md - Vinod P. Balachandran (person): Surgeon-scientist whose personalised mRNA vaccine trial showed pancreatic cancer can provoke lasting T-cell immunity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vinod-balachandran.md - Vinod Raina (person): A medical oncologist who led the cancer hospital at AIIMS Delhi for many years, trained a large share of India's medical oncologists and helped write the country's early cancer treatment standards. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/raina-vinod.md - Virginia Pappas (person): Long-serving CEO of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/virginia-pappas.md - Virginia Sun (person): Virginia Sun is a nurse scientist who leads SWOG's supportive care and survivorship research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/virginia-sun.md - Vivek Lal (person): Neurologist who directs PGIMER Chandigarh, one of India's leading public tertiary-care and research institutes with a large oncology service. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/vivek-lal.md - Volker Heinemann (person): Gastrointestinal oncologist who led FIRE-3, a key trial of cetuximab versus bevacizumab in colorectal cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/volker-heinemann.md - Walter Winchell (person): When his friend Damon Runyon died of throat cancer in 1946 he asked his radio audience for a penny, a nickel, a dime or a dollar; the fund he started has invested over $490 million and backed more than 4,000 scientists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/walter-winchell.md - Wang Ying (person): Radiation oncologist who is President of Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, the tertiary cancer hospital and regional cancer centre for Chongqing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wang-ying.md - Waseem Qasim (person): Delivered the first gene-edited off-the-shelf CAR-T cells to infants with leukaemia and the first base-edited CAR-T therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/waseem-qasim.md - Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo (person): Oral and maxillofacial surgeon who serves as Chief Medical Director of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria's largest tertiary hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wasiu-lanre-adeyemo.md - Wayne Roberts (person): Public administrator who leads the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, the state agency that funds cancer research and prevention across Texas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wayne-roberts.md - Weiguo Su (person): Weiguo Su led the Shanghai chemistry that produced fruquintinib, savolitinib and surufatinib, three Chinese-discovered cancer pills approved at home and, for fruquintinib, in the US. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/su-weiguo.md - Weimin Li (person): Leads one of the world's largest hospitals and its lung cancer screening and AI programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-weimin.md - Weiping Zou (person): Immunologist who showed PD-L1 on tumours suppresses T cells and linked interferon to ferroptosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/weiping-zou.md - Wen-Zhao Zhong (person): Thoracic surgeon-scientist and hospital Vice President who led the ADJUVANT/CTONG1104 trial establishing adjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy in resected lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wen-zhao-zhong.md - Wendy Parulekar (person): Senior investigator behind CCTG's breast cancer trials, including the MA.17 and MA.32 studies of extended endocrine therapy and metformin. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/parulekar-wendy.md - Wenfeng Fang (person): Wenfeng Fang is a lung cancer oncologist at the centre of China's PD-1 and bispecific antibody trials, including ivonescimab in EGFR-mutant disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/fang-wenfeng.md - Wensheng Liu (person): Wensheng Liu represents Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wensheng-liu.md - Willemien J. van Driel (person): Led OVHIPEC-1, the trial that showed heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy at surgery extends survival in ovarian cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/willemien-van-driel.md - William D. Tap (person): Sarcoma oncologist who led ANNOUNCE and the pexidartinib trial that produced the first drug for tenosynovial giant cell tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/william-tap.md - William G. Kaelin Jr. (person): William Kaelin is the Nobel laureate whose work on VHL and HIF-2α led directly to belzutifan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/william-kaelin.md - William G. Nelson (person): William Nelson is the long-time director of the Johns Hopkins cancer centre and a prostate cancer epigenetics researcher. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/william-nelson.md - William G. Wierda (person): Led CAPTIVATE, which established fixed-duration ibrutinib plus venetoclax as a first-line option for CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/william-wierda.md - Winette T. A. van der Graaf (person): Led PALETTE, the trial that made pazopanib the first targeted drug for soft-tissue sarcoma. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/winette-van-der-graaf.md - Wolfgang A. Weber (person): Nuclear medicine physician who established PET response criteria and leads Munich's radiopharmaceutical development pipeline. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wolfgang-weber.md - Won Ki Kang (person): A senior gastric cancer oncologist whose adjuvant and perioperative trials in Korea helped define post-gastrectomy chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kang-won-ki.md - Woong-Yang Park (person): Built the genome institute behind Samsung Medical Center's precision oncology programme and its single-cell studies of tumours. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/park-woong-yang.md - Wouter de Laat (person): Genome biologist who chairs UMC Utrecht's Strategic Program Cancer, the umbrella for more than 800 cancer researchers in Utrecht. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wouter-de-laat.md - Wyndham H. Wilson (person): Developed dose-adjusted EPOCH-R, the regimen that cures primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma without radiotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wyndham-wilson.md - Xavier Pivot (person): Xavier Pivot represents Institut Strauss in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the organisation among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xavier-pivot.md - Xia Jiahong (person): President of Wuhan Union Hospital, the large university hospital of Tongji Medical College that includes a national regional medical centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xia-jiahong.md - Xiang Hua (person): Hospital president who leads Hunan Cancer Hospital, the provincial cancer hospital of Hunan and the affiliated cancer hospital of Central South University's Xiangya School of Medicine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xiang-hua.md - Xiao Haipeng (person): Hospital president who leads the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, one of the largest university teaching hospitals in southern China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/xiao-haipeng.md - Xiaojun Huang (person): Xiaojun Huang built the Beijing Protocol for stem cell transplants from half-matched family donors, which means almost every Chinese leukaemia patient can now find a donor. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/huang-xiaojun.md - Xichun Hu (person): A breast medical oncologist who has led Chinese trials of chemotherapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and ADCs in advanced breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hu-xichun.md - Yacine Merrouche (person): Yacine Merrouche represents Institut Godinot in the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, which lists the centre among its members in France. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yacine-merrouche.md - Yael P. Mossé (person): Discovered ALK mutations in neuroblastoma and led the trials bringing crizotinib and lorlatinib to children. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yael-mosse.md - Yakubu Seidu Adam (person): Consultant eye surgeon who has been Chief Executive of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana's largest referral hospital, since May 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yakubu-seidu-adam.md - Yasmine Belkaid (person): Immunologist who leads the Institut Pasteur in Paris, having taken up its presidency in January 2024 after a long career at the US National Institutes of Health. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yasmine-belkaid.md - Yasuharu Nakashima (person): Orthopaedic surgeon who became Director of Kyushu University Hospital in Fukuoka in April 2026 after eight years as a vice director. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yasuharu-nakashima.md - Yasuhiro Fujiwara (person): Medical oncologist who heads Japan's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, the national drug and device regulator. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yasuhiro-fujiwara.md - Yasumasa Niwa (person): Physician who leads Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, the 500-bed prefectural cancer hospital in Nagoya, Japan, as its hospital director. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yasumasa-niwa.md - Yasuyuki Nasuhara (person): Hospital director who has led Hokkaido University Hospital, a large university teaching hospital in Sapporo, since April 2025. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yasuyuki-nasuhara.md - Yelena Y. Janjigian (person): Led CheckMate 649, which made immunotherapy plus chemotherapy the first-line standard for gastric cancer, and the pembrolizumab-trastuzumab combination in HER2-positive disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yelena-janjigian.md - Yeon Hee Park (person): Leads breast medical oncology at Samsung Medical Center and has driven Korean participation in the HER2 and CDK4/6 trials that changed practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/park-yeon-hee.md - Yi-Long Wu (person): Co-led ADAURA and IPASS, the trials that made EGFR-targeted pills standard before and after surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wu-yi-long.md - Yi-Zhou Jiang (person): Co-architect of the Fudan TNBC subtypes and the metabolic and immune atlases that guide subtype-specific treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jiang-yi-zhou.md - Ying Cheng (person): Ying Cheng has led most of the Chinese small cell lung cancer immunotherapy trials, including ASTRUM-005 and CAPSTONE-1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cheng-ying.md - Yitshak Kreiss (person): Director General of Sheba Medical Center since 2016, leading Israel's largest hospital and its cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yitshak-kreiss.md - Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn (person): Physician who directs Siriraj Hospital, Thailand's oldest and largest hospital and the teaching hospital of Mahidol University's Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yongyut-sirivatanauksorn.md - Yoon Seung-kew (person): President of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the flagship 1,374-bed hospital of the Catholic University of Korea, which he is steering towards personalised, patient-centred care in cancer and other major diseases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yoon-seung-kew.md - Yoon-Koo Kang (person): Led the ATTRACTION-2 nivolumab trial and the SPOTLIGHT zolbetuximab trial, two of the defining gastric cancer studies of the decade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kang-yoon-koo.md - Yoram G. Weiss (person): Director General of Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem since 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yoram-weiss.md - You Lu (person): Ran the first clinical trial of CRISPR-edited T cells in humans, in patients with lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lu-you.md - Yu Jinming (person): Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering who is President of Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, the provincial cancer hospital in Jinan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yu-jinming.md - Yuankai Shi (person): A medical oncologist who has led many of China's registrational trials of domestically developed targeted agents and antibodies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shi-yuankai.md - Yuichiro Ohe (person): Thoracic oncologist who leads NCC Hospital in Tokyo and has been a Japanese principal investigator on a generation of lung cancer trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ohe-yuichiro.md - Yuko Kitagawa (person): Yuko Kitagawa is a leading oesophageal surgeon in the JCOG network, whose trials define perioperative treatment for oesophageal cancer in Japan. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/kitagawa-yuko.md - Yuman Fong (person): Liver surgeon who defined who benefits from resecting colorectal liver metastases and pioneered oncolytic virus therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yuman-fong.md - Yung S. Lie (person): Scientist who leads the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, a US funder of high-risk, high-reward research by young cancer investigators. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yung-s-lie.md - Yung-Jue Bang (person): Principal investigator of ToGA, the trial that made trastuzumab standard in HER2-positive gastric cancer, and a founder of Korean phase 1 oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bang-yung-jue.md - Yuqin Song (person): Lymphoma specialist and Vice President of Peking University Cancer Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/yuqin-song.md - Yuquan Wei (person): Built China's flagship biotherapy laboratory, a source of cancer vaccines, gene therapies, and biologics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/wei-yuquan.md - Zev A. Wainberg (person): Led NAPOLI 3, the trial that made NALIRIFOX a first-line option for metastatic pancreatic cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zev-wainberg.md - Zhang Jiangong (person): Hospital president who leads Henan Cancer Hospital in Zhengzhou, the provincial specialist cancer hospital for Henan province. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhang-jiangong.md - Zhang Shuyang (person): Physician who leads Peking Union Medical College Hospital, the flagship academic hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zhang-shuyang.md - Zhi-Ming Shao (person): Leads the world's highest-volume breast cancer surgical unit and the FUTURE trial that treats triple-negative breast cancer by molecular subtype. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/shao-zhi-ming.md - Zhu Chen (person): Zhu Chen, a leukaemia scientist who became China's health minister, co-developed the retinoic acid plus arsenic treatment that cures most acute promyelocytic leukaemia and then reformed the health system that pays for it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chen-zhu.md - Ziyu Li (person): Gastric cancer surgeon who serves as President of Peking University Cancer Hospital. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ziyu-li.md - Zlata Štiblar Kisić (person): Director of the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia's national comprehensive cancer centre. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zlata-stiblar-kisic.md - Zoé Robledo (person): Mexican public official who has been Director General of IMSS, the social security institute that runs the Hospital de Oncología at Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, since May 2019. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/zoe-robledo.md - Zonghai Li (person): Zonghai Li moved CAR-T therapy from blood cancers into stomach cancer, founding CARsgen and developing satri-cel, the first CAR-T approved for a solid tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/li-zonghai.md ## Bottlenecks (45) The systemic constraints slowing the whole war on cancer, with the ideas that could break each one. - Acquired resistance to every therapy (bottleneck): Nearly every targeted therapy stops working within months to a few years as the tumour adapts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-resistance.md - AI that is built but not validated or deployed (bottleneck): Thousands of cancer AI models are published; a handful are in clinical use, and fewer have shown they help patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-ai-validation.md - Biomarkers are not validated or standardised (bottleneck): Tests that decide who gets a drug are often not validated prospectively and are measured differently in every lab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-biomarker-validation.md - Cachexia, toxicity and the limits of the patient (bottleneck): Cancer cachexia, the muscle and fat wasting driven by tumour and host inflammatory signals, affects most patients with advanced pancreatic, gastric and lung cancer, and treatment-limiting toxicities decide what dose a patient can receive. Only Japan has an approved cachexia drug, and supportive care research gets a small share of funding relative to its effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-cachexia-supportive.md - Cold tumours and the immunosuppressive microenvironment (bottleneck): Most tumours keep the immune system out or asleep, so immunotherapy helps only a minority. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-tme-immunosuppression.md - Data silos (bottleneck): Records, scans, genomes and outcomes sit in separate systems that cannot talk. Every patient's experience is lost to the next. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-data-silos.md - Dormant cells and minimal residual disease (bottleneck): After a 'successful' treatment, cells can sleep for years then relapse. We can barely detect them and cannot target them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-dormancy-mrd.md - Failures are hidden (bottleneck): Negative trials, failed drugs and abandoned programmes are rarely published, so the same mistakes are repeated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-negative-results.md - Fragmented care and guideline gaps (bottleneck): Patients fall between specialists, wait for referrals and often do not get the treatment guidelines say they should. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-care-fragmentation.md - Funding follows fashion, not burden (bottleneck): Research money follows visibility, not burden: breast, prostate and leukaemia receive far more funding per death or year of life lost than lung, pancreatic, liver, oesophageal, gastric, bladder and uterine cancers, and metastasis research gets an estimated 5% of funding despite causing most deaths. Advocacy strength and peer review that rewards mechanism explain the skew. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-funding-allocation.md - Incentives reward me-too drugs and marginal gains (bottleneck): The system pays the same for a drug that adds two months as for a cure, so companies race to copy rather than to cure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-incentive-misalignment.md - Inherited risk is mostly unidentified (bottleneck): Most people who carry a high-risk cancer gene do not know it until they or a relative gets cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-hereditary-risk.md - Knowledge reaches practice too slowly (bottleneck): Knowledge diffusion is slow: it takes years for a proven result to change what most patients receive, and no one can keep up with the literature. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-knowledge-diffusion.md - Lab models that fail to predict what happens in patients (bottleneck): Nine in ten cancer drugs that work in mice fail in humans. Our models are the reason. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-preclinical-models.md - Manufacturing cost and time for living and radioactive medicines (bottleneck): Cell therapies take weeks to make for one patient and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Isotopes run short. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-manufacturing-cell-therapy.md - Metastasis is understood least and studied last (bottleneck): Metastasis causes about nine in ten cancer deaths but gets a small fraction of research money and almost no trials of its own. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-metastasis-biology.md - Misinformation and unproven therapies (bottleneck): Patients are sold unproven treatments and frightened away from proven ones. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-misinformation.md - Most of the world has almost no cancer care (bottleneck): Seven in ten cancer deaths happen in low- and middle-income countries, where radiotherapy, pathology, surgery and drugs are scarce. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-global-access.md - No incentive to repurpose cheap drugs (bottleneck): Old, cheap drugs with anti-cancer signals never get the trials they need because no one profits from the result. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-generic-repurposing.md - No one can predict who responds to immunotherapy (bottleneck): Checkpoint drugs cure some patients and do nothing for most. We still cannot tell the two apart before treating. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-immunotherapy-response.md - Not enough oncologists, nurses, pathologists, physicists (bottleneck): The number of people with cancer is rising faster than the workforce trained to treat them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-workforce.md - Older and multimorbid patients are excluded and undertreated (bottleneck): Most people with cancer are over 65 but most trial patients are younger and fitter. We guess how to treat the majority. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-aging-comorbidity.md - Overdiagnosis and false alarms (bottleneck): Finding more cancer is not the same as saving lives. Screening also finds cancers that would never have hurt anyone, and treats them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-overdiagnosis.md - Pain relief and palliative care are unavailable to most (bottleneck): Most people who die of cancer worldwide do so without adequate pain relief. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-palliative.md - Patients lack understanding, navigation and agency (bottleneck): Most patients cannot understand their options, find trials, or push back, so decisions are made for them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-patient-voice.md - Preclinical results do not reproduce (bottleneck): Fewer than half of landmark cancer biology findings reproduce when someone else tries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-reproducibility.md - Prevention we already have is not deployed (bottleneck): Around four in ten cancers are preventable with tools we already own: vaccines, tobacco control, weight, alcohol, sun and infection control. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-prevention-adoption.md - Prices and value (bottleneck): New cancer drugs routinely cost over $150,000 a year, often for months of benefit. Systems cannot afford them and patients go bankrupt. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-drug-pricing.md - Rare and paediatric cancers without markets (bottleneck): Taken together rare cancers are a fifth of all cancers, but each one alone is too small for a company to invest in. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-rare-cancers.md - Regulatory divergence between regions (bottleneck): Regulatory divergence means a drug approved in one country can take years to reach another, or never arrive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-regulatory-fragmentation.md - Secrecy and intellectual property block collaboration (bottleneck): Companies with complementary drugs rarely test them together, and data that could answer questions stays locked up. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-ip-collaboration.md - Surgery and radiotherapy cure most, get least (bottleneck): Surgery and radiotherapy cure more people than drugs do, but attract a fraction of the research investment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-surgery-radiation-innovation.md - Survivorship and late effects are neglected (bottleneck): Tens of millions of people live after cancer with heart damage, infertility, second cancers and fear, and few services. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-survivorship.md - The brain: barrier and sanctuary (bottleneck): The blood-brain barrier's tight junctions and efflux pumps keep antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and most kinase inhibitors out of the brain, so glioblastoma treatment has barely changed since 2005 and brain metastases, which develop in about a fifth of adults with cancer, are usually left to radiotherapy alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-brain-delivery.md - The hardest cancers are found late (bottleneck): Screening exists for only a few cancers. Pancreatic, ovarian, liver, oesophageal and most lung cancers are found when cure is unlikely. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-early-detection.md - The undruggable drivers (bottleneck): The proteins that drive most cancers, such as MYC, mutant p53 and most RAS variants, still have no good drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-undruggable-targets.md - The valley of death between lab and product (bottleneck): Most academic discoveries die before anyone tests them in people because nobody funds the middle step. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-translational-valley.md - Too many combinations to test (bottleneck): There are thousands of possible drug pairs and sequences. Trials can test a few dozen a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-combination-space.md - Toxicity and quality of life are undervalued (bottleneck): Trials measure how long people live, not how they live. Side-effects are under-reported and under-treated. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-toxicity-qol.md - Trial design, endpoints and cost (bottleneck): A phase 3 trial takes years and hundreds of millions of dollars, and often answers a question that has already moved on. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-trial-design.md - Trials do not represent the people who get cancer (bottleneck): Older, Black, Hispanic, Asian, rural, poor and multimorbid patients are under-represented, so results may not apply to them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-trial-diversity.md - Trials enrol too few, too slowly (bottleneck): Fewer than one in ten adults with cancer joins a trial. Trials close for lack of patients, not lack of ideas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-trial-enrolment.md - Tumour heterogeneity and clonal evolution (bottleneck): Every tumour is a population of genetically distinct clones: in multi-region sequencing of kidney tumours, roughly two thirds of mutations were missing from at least one region. Treatment kills the dominant clones and leaves resistant minor clones to grow back, yet a single diagnostic biopsy is still treated as the whole disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-tumor-heterogeneity.md - Weak real-world evidence and registries (bottleneck): We do not reliably know what happens to patients after approval, so we cannot tell which drugs deliver in practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-real-world-evidence.md - Wrong doses (bottleneck): Most drug doses were chosen as the highest a person can tolerate, which is often more than they need. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/b-dose-optimisation.md ## Key papers (239) The papers that changed practice or thinking, each explained: what it found, what it means, and what to be careful about. - A National Cancer Grid pooled procurement initiative, India (key paper): When 23 Indian cancer centres bought 40 cancer drugs together instead of separately, prices fell by a median of 82%, saving about 13 billion rupees against list prices. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-pramesh-ncg-pooled-procurement-2023.md - Aaronson 1993: the EORTC QLQ-C30 quality of life questionnaire (key paper): The 30-question form that lets cancer trials measure how patients feel and function, tested first in lung cancer patients across 13 countries and now used in thousands of studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-aaronson-eortc-qlq-c30-jnci-1993.md - ADAURA: three years of osimertinib after surgery for EGFR-mutated lung cancer (key paper): After surgery for early-stage EGFR-mutated lung cancer, three years of osimertinib cut recurrences by about 80% and later reduced deaths by half. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-adaura-nejm-2020.md - ADMIRAL: gilteritinib pills versus chemotherapy for relapsed FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (key paper): An oral FLT3 inhibitor extended survival compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapsed AML with a FLT3 mutation, doubling the remission rate. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-admiral-gilteritinib-flt3-nejm-2019.md - ADRIATIC: durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (key paper): For small-cell lung cancer confined to the chest, adding two years of durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy extended median survival from under three years to over four and a half, the first advance in this setting in decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-adriatic-nejm-2024.md - AGILE: ivosidenib plus azacitidine for newly diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy (key paper): Adding the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib to azacitidine tripled median survival, from 7.9 to 24 months, in older patients with IDH1-mutated AML. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-agile-ivosidenib-azacitidine-nejm-2022.md - Al-Hajj 2003: prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells (key paper): The first demonstration in a solid tumour that only a small, marker-defined fraction of breast cancer cells can regrow the cancer: a few hundred cells with one surface profile formed tumours in mice while tens of thousands of the other cells did not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-al-hajj-breast-cancer-stem-cells-pnas-2003.md - Alcohol caused an estimated 741,000 cancers worldwide in 2020 (key paper): Building on the IARC classification of alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen, this global modelling study attributed 4.1% of all new cancers in 2020 to drinking, three-quarters of them in men and the largest numbers in oesophageal, liver and breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-alcohol-cancer-burden-lancet-oncol-2021.md - Allemani 2018: CONCORD-3, global surveillance of cancer survival 2000 to 2014 (key paper): The largest comparison of cancer survival between countries, covering 37.5 million patients in 71 countries, found survival rising for most cancers but with very wide gaps between countries, especially for children's cancers and cancers that depend on early diagnosis and good treatment access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-allemani-concord-3-lancet-2018.md - AlphaFold 2: predicting protein structures to near-experimental accuracy (key paper): DeepMind's neural network predicted protein structures at CASP14 with a median backbone error of under 1 angstrom, comparable to experimental methods, and the team released predicted structures for essentially every human protein within a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-alphafold2-jumper-nature-2021.md - AMPLIFY: fixed-duration acalabrutinib plus venetoclax, with or without obinutuzumab, versus chemo-immunotherapy in fit CLL patients (key paper): In AMPLIFY, an all-oral, 14-month course of acalabrutinib plus venetoclax beat FCR or BR chemo-immunotherapy in fit CLL patients, offering a time-limited alternative to indefinite pills. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-amplify-acalabrutinib-venetoclax-nejm-2025.md - ASCENT: sacituzumab govitecan doubles survival in heavily pretreated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (key paper): In triple-negative breast cancer that had already been through at least two treatments, the TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate sacituzumab govitecan roughly doubled the time patients lived compared with standard chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ascent-nejm-2021.md - ASCO 2021 guideline: how to recognise and manage the immune-related side effects of checkpoint inhibitors (key paper): The ASCO 2021 guideline is the consensus rulebook for checkpoint-inhibitor toxicity: grade the problem, hold or stop the drug, give steroids early, escalate to other immunosuppressants if they fail, and involve specialists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-asco-irae-guideline-jco-2021.md - AUGMENT-101: revumenib, the first menin inhibitor, in relapsed leukaemias driven by KMT2A rearrangement or NPM1 mutation (key paper): Blocking menin, a scaffold protein the leukaemia depends on, produced remissions in heavily pretreated patients with KMT2A-rearranged or NPM1-mutated acute leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-augment-101-revumenib-menin-nature-2023.md - Balkwill and Mantovani 2001: inflammation and cancer, back to Virchow? (key paper): A short, widely cited essay reviving Virchow's 1863 observation that tumours are full of white blood cells, arguing that the inflammatory cells and cytokines in tumours help them grow rather than fight them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-balkwill-mantovani-inflammation-virchow-lancet-2001.md - Bao 2006: glioma stem cells resist radiotherapy by activating the DNA damage response (key paper): The glioblastoma cells with stem-like features survive radiotherapy better than the rest of the tumour because they repair DNA damage more efficiently, which helps explain why the cancer returns after treatment and points to checkpoint inhibitors as a way to sensitise it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-bao-glioma-stem-cells-radioresistance-nature-2006.md - Basch: asking patients to report symptoms online during chemotherapy improved survival (key paper): Patients on chemotherapy for advanced cancer who reported 12 symptoms weekly through a web tool, with nurse alerts for severe symptoms, lived a median 5 months longer than those receiving usual care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-basch-epro-survival-jama-2017.md - Binnewies 2018: understanding the tumour immune microenvironment for effective therapy (key paper): A review that sorted tumours by where their immune cells sit, inflamed and infiltrated, infiltrated but excluded, or immune-poor, and argued that this classification should guide which immunotherapy a patient receives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-binnewies-tumor-immune-microenvironment-natmed-2018.md - Bray 2018: GLOBOCAN 2018, worldwide incidence and mortality for 36 cancers (key paper): The IARC count for 2018: about 18.1 million new cancer cases worldwide, with lung cancer the most commonly diagnosed and most lethal, and about one in five men and one in six women developing cancer during their lifetime. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-bray-globocan-2018-cacancer-2018.md - Bray 2024: GLOBOCAN 2022, the world's cancer count for 36 cancers in 185 countries (key paper): The IARC estimate that about 20 million people were diagnosed with cancer in 2022 and 9.7 million died of it, with lung cancer the most common and most lethal, breast cancer second, and the total expected to rise by about three quarters by 2050 as populations grow and age. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-bray-globocan-2022-cacancer-2024.md - BREAKWATER: encorafenib plus cetuximab with chemotherapy as first treatment for BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer (key paper): Adding a BRAF inhibitor and an EGFR antibody to first-line chemotherapy roughly doubled survival in BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic bowel cancer, one of the worst-prognosis subtypes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-breakwater-nejm-2025.md - Burris 1997: gemcitabine becomes the first standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer (key paper): A small trial that made gemcitabine the standard chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer for the next fifteen years, on the strength of more patients feeling better on treatment and a modest gain in survival over fluorouracil. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-burris-gemcitabine-pancreatic-jco-1997.md - C-144-01: lifileucel, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes grown from a patient's own tumour, in melanoma after checkpoint inhibitors have failed (key paper): Immune cells harvested from a patient's tumour, expanded in the lab and reinfused shrank melanoma in 36% of patients whose disease had progressed on PD-1 blockade, with responses that mostly lasted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-c-144-01-lifileucel-melanoma-jco-2021.md - Calle 2003: overweight, obesity and death from cancer in 900,000 US adults (key paper): Following more than 900,000 American adults for 16 years, this study linked higher body weight to death from a wide range of cancers and estimated that excess weight could account for roughly one in seven cancer deaths in men and one in five in women in the United States. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-calle-obesity-cancer-mortality-nejm-2003.md - Cancer genome landscapes: about 140 driver genes, and each tumour needs only a handful (key paper): Synthesising the first generation of cancer genome sequencing, Vogelstein and colleagues concluded that about 140 genes can drive cancer when mutated, that a typical solid tumour has 2 to 8 driver mutations among tens of passengers, and that all drivers act through a dozen signalling pathways. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-vogelstein-cancer-genome-landscapes-science-2013.md - Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report from National Cancer Registry Programme, India (key paper): India's official cancer count: about 1.39 million new cancers in 2020, led by breast, lung, mouth, cervix and tongue, with most breast, cervical and head and neck cancers found only once locally advanced. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-mathur-ncrp-cancer-statistics-2020.md - CAPP2: two years of aspirin cuts bowel cancer in Lynch syndrome by more than a third over 10 years (key paper): In carriers of Lynch syndrome, 600 mg of aspirin a day for about two years reduced colorectal cancer over the following decade (HR 0.65 by intention to treat; 0.56 in those who took it for at least two years). https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-capp2-aspirin-lynch-lancet-2020.md - CARTITUDE-1: cilta-cel, a BCMA CAR-T, in heavily pretreated myeloma (key paper): A single infusion of BCMA-directed CAR-T cells produced responses in 97% of patients whose myeloma had failed a median of six prior lines, with two-thirds reaching stringent complete response. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-cartitude-1-cilta-cel-lancet-2021.md - CARTITUDE-4: cilta-cel CAR-T versus standard combinations after one to three prior lines of myeloma therapy (key paper): Moving BCMA CAR-T to the second line cut the risk of progression or death by 74% compared with standard triplets, and later improved overall survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-cartitude-4-cilta-cel-nejm-2023.md - Cella 1993: the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G) quality of life scale (key paper): The other widely used cancer quality of life questionnaire, developed in the United States alongside the EORTC QLQ-C30, covering physical, social and family, emotional and functional wellbeing and extended by cancer-specific modules. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-cella-fact-g-jco-1993.md - CEPHEUS: daratumumab quadruplet for newly diagnosed myeloma patients not having a transplant, with MRD-negativity as the main endpoint (key paper): In patients who were transplant-ineligible or deferred transplant, the daratumumab quadruplet raised deep-remission rates from about 39% to 61% and cut progression risk by 43%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-cepheus-dara-vrd-natmed-2025.md - Cercek 2022: six months of dostarlimab alone made rectal cancer disappear in every patient with mismatch-repair deficiency (key paper): All 12 patients with locally advanced dMMR rectal cancer had a complete clinical response to a PD-1 antibody alone, avoiding chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-cercek-dostarlimab-rectal-nejm-2022.md - CHALLENGE: a structured exercise programme after chemotherapy improves survival in colon cancer (key paper): In CHALLENGE, three years of supervised, goal-based exercise after adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer reduced recurrence or death by 28% and deaths by 37%, the first randomised proof that exercise itself improves cancer survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-challenge-exercise-nejm-2025.md - CheckMate 017: nivolumab beats docetaxel in squamous lung cancer after chemotherapy (key paper): In squamous non-small-cell lung cancer that had progressed after platinum chemotherapy, the PD-1 antibody nivolumab prolonged life compared with docetaxel with far fewer severe side effects, regardless of PD-L1 status. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-checkmate-017-nejm-2015.md - CheckMate 057: nivolumab beats docetaxel after chemotherapy in non-squamous lung cancer (key paper): After platinum chemotherapy had failed, the PD-1 antibody nivolumab prolonged life compared with docetaxel in non-squamous lung cancer with far fewer severe side effects, and the benefit was largest in tumours expressing PD-L1. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-checkmate-057-nejm-2015.md - CheckMate 067 at ten years: half of melanoma patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab were alive a decade later (key paper): Ten-year follow-up of the trial that established combination checkpoint blockade shows median survival over six years with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and a plateau in the survival curve consistent with cure. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-checkmate-067-ten-year-nejm-2025.md - CheckMate 067 at ten years: nivolumab plus ipilimumab produces long-term survival in half of patients with advanced melanoma (key paper): Ten years after starting treatment, about half of patients with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab were still alive, most without any further treatment, showing that immunotherapy can cure a disease that once killed most patients within a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-checkmate-067-10-year-nejm-2025.md - CheckMate 649: nivolumab plus chemotherapy as first treatment for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (key paper): Adding the immunotherapy nivolumab to first-line chemotherapy helped patients with advanced stomach and oesophageal adenocarcinoma live longer, especially when the tumour showed PD-L1, making chemo-immunotherapy the new standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-checkmate-649-lancet-2021.md - CheckMate 816: three cycles of nivolumab plus chemotherapy before lung cancer surgery (key paper): Just three cycles of chemotherapy with the immunotherapy nivolumab before surgery wiped out all viable tumour in a quarter of patients and reduced relapse or death by about a third, without making surgery harder. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-checkmate-816-nejm-2022.md - Chen 2016: Cancer statistics in China, 2015 (key paper): The first national cancer estimate for China built from population registries, projecting about 4.3 million new cancer cases in 2015, with lung cancer the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer death, and stomach, oesophageal and liver cancers far more prominent than in Western countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-chen-cancer-statistics-china-2015-cacancer-2016.md - Chen and Mellman 2013: the cancer-immunity cycle (key paper): The seven-step diagram of how the immune system should destroy a cancer, from releasing tumour antigens to killing tumour cells, and the idea that each patient's cancer breaks the cycle at a different step, which tells you which immunotherapies to combine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-chen-mellman-cancer-immunity-cycle-immunity-2013.md - Children's Oncology Group AALL1731: blinatumomab added to chemotherapy for children with standard-risk B-cell ALL (key paper): Two courses of blinatumomab added to standard chemotherapy cut relapses in children with average- or higher-risk standard-risk leukaemia, raising three-year disease-free survival from 88% to 96%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-aall1731-blinatumomab-children-nejm-2025.md - CLEAR: lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib as first treatment for advanced kidney cancer (key paper): Combining the multi-kinase inhibitor lenvatinib with pembrolizumab more than doubled the time to progression compared with sunitinib in advanced clear-cell kidney cancer and improved survival, with 71% of patients responding. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-clear-nejm-2021.md - CLL14: one year of venetoclax plus obinutuzumab instead of chemo-immunotherapy in older, less fit CLL patients (key paper): A fixed one-year course of two targeted drugs kept CLL under control far longer than chemo-immunotherapy, and most patients had no detectable disease when treatment stopped. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-cll14-venetoclax-obinutuzumab-nejm-2019.md - CodeBreaK 200: sotorasib versus docetaxel in KRAS G12C-mutated lung cancer, a modest win for the first KRAS drug (key paper): The first drug to directly block mutant KRAS beat docetaxel chemotherapy on delaying progression in KRAS G12C lung cancer, but only by about a month, and did not improve survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-codebreak-200-lancet-2023.md - CodeBreaK 300: sotorasib plus panitumumab in chemotherapy-refractory KRAS G12C colorectal cancer (key paper): Combining a KRAS G12C inhibitor with an EGFR antibody produced responses in about a quarter of patients with heavily pretreated KRAS G12C bowel cancer, versus none with standard chemotherapy, and more than doubled the time to progression. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-codebreak-300-nejm-2023.md - COMFORT-I: ruxolitinib, the first JAK inhibitor, versus placebo for myelofibrosis (key paper): Ruxolitinib shrank the enlarged spleen by more than a third in 42% of myelofibrosis patients versus under 1% on placebo, and halved symptom scores in nearly half. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-comfort-1-ruxolitinib-myelofibrosis-nejm-2012.md - COMMANDS: luspatercept versus epoetin alfa as first treatment for anaemia in lower-risk MDS needing transfusions (key paper): In COMMANDS, luspatercept, a drug that frees late-stage red cell production from TGF-beta-family braking, freed 59% of transfusion-dependent MDS patients from transfusions for at least 12 weeks, against 31% with the standard erythropoietin injection. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-commands-luspatercept-mds-lancet-2023.md - Conroy 2011: FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer (PRODIGE 4/ACCORD 11) (key paper): A four-drug chemotherapy combination gave fit patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer clearly longer survival than the standard gemcitabine, the first real improvement in the disease in over a decade, at the cost of more side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-conroy-folfirinox-pancreatic-nejm-2011.md - Coussens and Werb 2002: inflammation and cancer (key paper): The review that made the immune cells inside a tumour part of the disease: long-running inflammation, whether from infection, irritation or the tumour's own signals, supplies growth factors, blood vessels and DNA damage that help cancers start and spread. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-coussens-werb-inflammation-cancer-nature-2002.md - CROWN: lorlatinib versus crizotinib as first treatment for ALK-positive lung cancer (key paper): The third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib kept ALK-positive lung cancer under control for years longer than crizotinib and largely prevented brain metastases; at five years most patients on lorlatinib had still not progressed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-crown-nejm-2020.md - Darnell, Kerr and Stark 1994: JAK-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation by interferons (key paper): The review that defined the JAK-STAT pathway, the direct route by which interferons and many other cytokines tell a cell's genes to respond, and which is now the target of JAK inhibitors used in blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-darnell-jak-stat-science-1994.md - Defining a Cancer Dependency Map: which genes each cancer cell line cannot live without (key paper): Genome-scale RNAi screens across 501 cancer cell lines, analysed with the DEMETER algorithm to remove off-target noise, identified 769 genes on which subsets of cancers depend and showed that most dependencies can be predicted from the cell's molecular features. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-depmap-tsherniak-cell-2017.md - DeLLphi-301: tarlatamab, a DLL3-targeting T-cell engager, in previously treated small-cell lung cancer (key paper): A bispecific antibody that pulls T cells onto small-cell lung cancer cells produced responses in 40% of patients whose cancer had come back after chemotherapy, lasting far longer than any previous drug in this setting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-dellphi-301-nejm-2023.md - DESTINY-Breast03: trastuzumab deruxtecan beats T-DM1 as second-line treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (key paper): A newer antibody-drug conjugate, trastuzumab deruxtecan, kept HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer under control roughly four times longer than the previous standard, T-DM1, and later lengthened survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-destiny-breast03-nejm-2022.md - DESTINY-Breast04: trastuzumab deruxtecan works in HER2-low breast cancer, creating a new treatable group (key paper): Breast cancers with only a little HER2 on their surface, long called HER2-negative, responded to trastuzumab deruxtecan and patients lived about six months longer than on chemotherapy. It created the HER2-low category. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-destiny-breast04-nejm-2022.md - DESTINY-Breast06: trastuzumab deruxtecan before any chemotherapy in hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-low or ultralow breast cancer (key paper): Given as the first chemotherapy-type treatment after hormone therapy stopped working, trastuzumab deruxtecan delayed progression by about five months compared with standard chemotherapy, including in tumours with barely detectable HER2. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-destiny-breast06-nejm-2024.md - DETECT-A: a blood test plus PET-CT found treatable cancers in 10,000 women with no symptoms (key paper): The first prospective interventional study of a multi-analyte blood test (CancerSEEK) in asymptomatic people: 26 cancers were first detected by the blood test, most of them localised, and the test roughly doubled the number of cancers caught by standard screening. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-detect-a-science-2020.md - Doll and Hill 1950: the case-control study that tied smoking to lung cancer (key paper): Comparing 649 men with lung cancer to matched hospital controls in London, Doll and Hill found that almost none of the cancer patients were non-smokers and that risk rose steeply with the amount smoked. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-doll-hill-smoking-lung-cancer-bmj-1950.md - Dostarlimab alone cures mismatch-repair-deficient rectal cancer without surgery or radiotherapy (key paper): Six months of the PD-1 antibody dostarlimab made every tumour disappear in a small group of patients with mismatch-repair-deficient rectal cancer, allowing them to avoid chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-cercek-dmmr-rectal-nejm-2022.md - DYNAMIC: a blood test safely halved chemotherapy use after surgery for stage II colon cancer (key paper): Giving chemotherapy only to patients with tumour DNA in their blood after surgery cut chemotherapy use from 28% to 15% with no loss in recurrence-free survival at two years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-dynamic-nejm-2022.md - ECHELON-1: brentuximab vedotin replacing bleomycin in first-line chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (key paper): Swapping bleomycin for the CD30 antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin modestly improved disease control in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma and, at six years, improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-echelon-1-brentuximab-avd-nejm-2018.md - ECOG-ACRIN E1910: adding blinatumomab to chemotherapy for adults with B-cell ALL already in MRD-negative remission (key paper): Giving the bispecific blinatumomab to adults whose leukaemia was already undetectable after chemotherapy raised three-year survival from 68% to 85%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-e1910-blinatumomab-mrd-negative-all-nejm-2024.md - Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India (key paper): Visual examination of the mouth by trained health workers reduced oral cancer deaths by a third among tobacco and alcohol users in Kerala, the only randomised evidence that oral cancer screening works. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-sankaranarayanan-oral-screening-lancet-2005.md - El-Deiry 1993: WAF1, the gene through which p53 stops cell division (key paper): The discovery of p21, the gene p53 switches on to halt cell division, which explained for the first time how the most commonly mutated cancer gene actually stops damaged cells from growing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-el-deiry-waf1-p21-cell-1993.md - Elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer (key paper): Removing the neck lymph nodes at the first operation for early mouth cancer, rather than waiting to see if they become involved, raised three-year survival from 67.5% to 80%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-dcruz-elective-neck-dissection-nejm-2015.md - ELEVATE-TN: acalabrutinib, alone or with obinutuzumab, against chemo-immunotherapy in untreated CLL (key paper): In ELEVATE-TN, acalabrutinib, a second-generation BTK inhibitor, with or without an antibody, cut the risk of progression by 80-90% compared with chlorambucil-obinutuzumab in older or unfit patients with CLL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-elevate-tn-acalabrutinib-lancet-2020.md - ELIANA: the global trial that made tisagenlecleucel the first approved CAR-T therapy for children and young adults with relapsed ALL (key paper): Across 25 centres, 81% of children and young adults with relapsed or refractory ALL went into remission after a single tisagenlecleucel infusion, and half were still event-free a year later. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-eliana-tisagenlecleucel-nejm-2018.md - England's HPV programme: cervical cancer down 87% in the first cohort vaccinated at 12-13 (key paper): Ten years after England began vaccinating 12- to 13-year-olds with the bivalent HPV vaccine, cervical cancer in that cohort had fallen by 87% and severe precancer (CIN3) by 97%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hpv-vaccine-england-lancet-2021.md - EPCORE NHL-1: epcoritamab, a subcutaneous CD20 x CD3 bispecific, in relapsed large B-cell lymphoma including after CAR-T (key paper): In EPCORE NHL-1, the off-the-shelf bispecific antibody epcoritamab, injected under the skin, produced responses in 63% of 157 patients with relapsed large B-cell lymphoma, including the 39% whose CAR-T had failed. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in half, mostly mild, and the drug won accelerated approval in 2023. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-epcore-nhl-1-epcoritamab-jco-2023.md - Esteva 2017: a deep neural network classifies skin cancer at dermatologist level (key paper): A single image-recognition network, trained on about 130,000 clinical photographs, told cancerous skin lesions from benign ones as accurately as 21 dermatologists, the first widely cited demonstration that deep learning could match specialists at a cancer diagnosis task. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-esteva-skin-cancer-deep-learning-nature-2017.md - EV-302: enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab replaces chemotherapy as first treatment for advanced bladder cancer (key paper): Combining the Nectin-4 antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin with pembrolizumab nearly doubled survival compared with platinum chemotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer, the biggest advance in this disease in 40 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ev-302-nejm-2024.md - FDA's Project Optimus manifesto: cancer drugs are approved at doses that are too high (key paper): FDA oncology leaders argued that the maximum tolerated dose paradigm inherited from chemotherapy produces targeted drugs and immunotherapies dosed far above what is needed, using sotorasib (960 mg vs 240 mg) as the case study, and launched Project Optimus to require dose optimisation before approval. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-drug-dosing-conundrum-nejm-2021.md - Ferlay 2015: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 (key paper): The methods paper behind the 2012 world cancer estimates, explaining how IARC builds country figures from registries of very different quality, and reporting about 14.1 million new cases and 32.6 million people living within five years of a diagnosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ferlay-globocan-2012-methods-ijc-2015.md - Ferlay 2019: GLOBOCAN 2018 sources and methods (key paper): The methods paper for the 2018 world cancer estimates, describing the registry and mortality data behind the figure of about 18.1 million new cases in 185 countries and how countries without good data were handled. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ferlay-globocan-2018-methods-ijc-2019.md - Ferlay 2021: cancer statistics for the year 2020, an overview (key paper): IARC's overview of the 2020 world cancer estimates, about 19.3 million new cases, presented by cancer type, sex and world region, alongside the methods and data used and a note that the figures predate the effects of the pandemic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ferlay-cancer-statistics-2020-overview-ijc-2021.md - Fifty years of the British Doctors Study: smokers lose ten years of life, quitting gives most of it back (key paper): After following 34,439 male doctors for 50 years, lifelong smokers died on average about 10 years earlier than never-smokers, and stopping at 60, 50, 40 or 30 recovered about 3, 6, 9 or the full 10 years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-doll-peto-50-year-doctors-bmj-2004.md - First imatinib trial: a pill that switched off the enzyme driving chronic myeloid leukaemia (key paper): In the first human study of imatinib, almost every patient with chronic-phase CML who had failed interferon regained normal blood counts, with mild side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-druker-imatinib-phase1-nejm-2001.md - First trial of a vaccine against the shared neoantigens of mismatch-repair-deficient cancers (key paper): A vaccine of three frameshift peptides shared by almost all microsatellite-unstable tumours was safe and induced immune responses in every patient with MSI colorectal cancer, opening the path to cancer interception vaccines for Lynch syndrome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-ccr-2020.md - Fitzmaurice 2017: the Global Burden of Disease estimate of cancer in 2015 (key paper): The Global Burden of Disease collaboration's count for 2015: about 17.5 million new cancer cases worldwide, with cases rising by a third over the previous decade mostly because populations were growing and ageing, and lung cancer the largest cause of years of life lost to cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-fitzmaurice-gbd-cancer-2015-jamaoncol-2017.md - FLAURA: osimertinib as first treatment for EGFR-mutated lung cancer (key paper): Starting with the third-generation EGFR drug osimertinib, rather than saving it for later, kept EGFR-mutated lung cancer under control for almost twice as long and later helped patients live longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-flaura-nejm-2018.md - GALAXY: tumour DNA in blood four weeks after bowel cancer surgery predicts relapse tenfold (key paper): In 1,039 Japanese patients with resected colorectal cancer, a positive Signatera test at week 4 carried a tenfold higher recurrence risk, and only ctDNA-positive patients appeared to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-galaxy-signatera-nat-med-2023.md - Galon 2006: the type, density and location of immune cells in colorectal tumours predict outcome (key paper): Counting the T cells inside a bowel cancer and at its edge predicted whether the cancer would return better than the traditional stage did, the discovery behind the Immunoscore test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-galon-immune-contexture-colorectal-science-2006.md - GAP70+: a geriatric assessment before chemotherapy cut serious toxicity in older adults by a fifth (key paper): When oncologists received a geriatric assessment summary with management recommendations for patients aged 70 or over, grade 3-5 toxicity fell from 71% to 51% with no loss in survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-gap70-geriatric-assessment-lancet-2021.md - Gerlinger: a single biopsy misses most of the mutations in a kidney tumour (key paper): Sequencing multiple regions of four kidney cancers and their metastases showed that around two-thirds of mutations were not shared across the whole tumour, that good- and poor-prognosis gene signatures coexisted in the same tumour, and that different regions had independently hit the same genes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-gerlinger-intratumour-heterogeneity-nejm-2012.md - Grivennikov, Greten and Karin 2010: immunity, inflammation and cancer (key paper): The review that laid out how inflammation contributes at every stage of cancer, from the DNA damage that starts it to the signals that help it grow and spread, and named the molecular switches, such as NF-kB and STAT3, that connect immune cells to tumour cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-grivennikov-immunity-inflammation-cancer-cell-2010.md - Hallmarks of Cancer 2022: adding phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, microbiomes and senescent cells (key paper): The third hallmarks paper proposed two new hallmarks (unlocking phenotypic plasticity, senescent cells) and two new enabling characteristics (non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes), bringing the framework to fourteen elements. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hallmarks-new-dimensions-cancer-discov-2022.md - HARMONi-2: ivonescimab, a PD-1 x VEGF bispecific, beats pembrolizumab head-to-head in PD-L1-positive lung cancer (key paper): In the first randomised trial to beat pembrolizumab directly, a single antibody that blocks both PD-1 and VEGF nearly doubled the time to progression in PD-L1-positive lung cancer, though survival data were still immature. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-harmoni-2-lancet-2025.md - Hodi 2010: ipilimumab, the first checkpoint inhibitor, extends survival in metastatic melanoma (key paper): Blocking the immune brake CTLA-4 was the first treatment ever to prolong life in metastatic melanoma, with about one in five patients alive at two years and a new class of autoimmune side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hodi-ipilimumab-melanoma-nejm-2010.md - Hollstein 1991: p53 mutations in human cancers (key paper): The survey that showed p53 is the most commonly altered gene in human cancer and that the pattern of its mutations differs by cancer type and by cause, such as tobacco smoke in lung cancer and a dietary toxin in liver cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hollstein-p53-mutations-science-1991.md - HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India (Osmanabad) (key paper): In 131,746 rural Indian women, a single round of HPV testing roughly halved deaths from cervical cancer within eight years, while Pap smears and visual inspection did not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-sankaranarayanan-hpv-screening-nejm-2009.md - Hurwitz 2004: bevacizumab with chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, the first anti-angiogenic drug to extend life (key paper): Adding the VEGF antibody bevacizumab to irinotecan-based chemotherapy prolonged survival in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer, the first time blocking a tumour's blood supply had been shown to help patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hurwitz-bevacizumab-crc-nejm-2004.md - IARC verdict: excess body fat causes 13 cancers (key paper): An IARC working group reviewed over 1,000 studies and concluded there is sufficient evidence that absence of excess body fat lowers the risk of 13 cancers, up from 5 in the 2002 evaluation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-body-fatness-iarc-nejm-2016.md - IBIS-I: five years of tamoxifen keeps preventing breast cancer for at least 20 years (key paper): In women at increased risk, 5 years of tamoxifen reduced breast cancer by 29% over a median 16 years of follow-up, with the benefit continuing long after the pills stopped, but no reduction in breast cancer deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ibis-i-tamoxifen-lancet-oncol-2015.md - IMbrave150: atezolizumab plus bevacizumab replaces sorafenib as first treatment for advanced liver cancer (key paper): Combining the immunotherapy atezolizumab with the anti-blood-vessel antibody bevacizumab helped patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma live longer than sorafenib, ending a decade in which nothing had beaten that drug. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-imbrave150-nejm-2020.md - IMerge: imetelstat, a telomerase inhibitor, for transfusion-dependent lower-risk MDS after erythropoietin has failed (key paper): In IMerge, imetelstat, the first telomerase inhibitor to reach approval, freed about 40% of heavily transfused MDS patients from transfusions for eight weeks and 28% for six months, versus 15% and 3% with placebo. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-imerge-imetelstat-mds-lancet-2024.md - IMvigor011: using a blood test for leftover cancer to decide who gets immunotherapy after bladder surgery (key paper): Patients whose blood turned positive for tumour DNA after cystectomy lived longer with atezolizumab than placebo; patients who stayed ctDNA-negative did well without any treatment. It is the first ctDNA-guided adjuvant trial to improve survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-imvigor011-nejm-2025.md - INDIGO: vorasidenib, the first targeted drug for IDH-mutant low-grade glioma (key paper): An oral drug that blocks the mutant IDH enzyme more than doubled the time before slow-growing IDH-mutant brain tumours progressed, letting patients postpone radiotherapy and chemotherapy for years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-indigo-nejm-2023.md - INO-VATE: inotuzumab ozogamicin, a CD22 antibody-drug conjugate, versus chemotherapy for relapsed adult B-cell ALL (key paper): A CD22 antibody-drug conjugate produced complete remission in 81% of adults with relapsed ALL compared with 29% on chemotherapy, at the cost of liver toxicity in about one in ten. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ino-vate-inotuzumab-all-nejm-2016.md - IRIS: imatinib versus interferon plus cytarabine as first treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia (key paper): Imatinib beat the previous standard by a wide margin in newly diagnosed CML, and the long-term follow-up showed most patients alive at ten years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-iris-imatinib-nejm-2003.md - Iwai and Honjo: tumours use PD-L1 to escape T cells, and blocking it restores attack (key paper): A decade after Honjo's group cloned PD-1 (1992), this study showed that tumour cells expressing PD-L1 resist killing by cytotoxic T cells in mice, and that anti-PD-L1 antibody or PD-1 deficiency restores tumour rejection, the foundation of PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-iwai-pdl1-tumour-escape-pnas-2002.md - Jaiswal: clonal haematopoiesis, the pre-leukaemic clones in most people over 70 (key paper): Blood DNA from 17,182 people showed that clones carrying leukaemia-associated mutations (mostly DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1) are present in about 10% of people over 70, raising the risk of blood cancer 11-fold and, unexpectedly, of heart attack and stroke. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-jaiswal-chip-nejm-2014.md - Jemal 2007: Cancer statistics, 2007 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's 2007 report projected about 1.44 million new US cancer cases and recorded a 13.6 percent fall in the overall cancer death rate between 1991 and 2004, even though the absolute number of deaths had only just begun to fall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-jemal-cancer-statistics-2007-cacancer-2007.md - Jemal 2008: Cancer statistics, 2008 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's 2008 report projected about 1.44 million new US cancer cases and estimated that falling death rates since the early 1990s had already avoided more than half a million cancer deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-jemal-cancer-statistics-2008-cacancer-2008.md - Jemal 2009: Cancer statistics, 2009 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's 2009 report projected about 1.48 million new US cancer cases and showed incidence now falling in both sexes, with lung, prostate, colorectal and breast cancers driving most of the decline in deaths. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-jemal-cancer-statistics-2009-cacancer-2009.md - Jemal 2010: Cancer statistics, 2010 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's 2010 report projected about 1.53 million new US cancer cases and a 21 percent fall in the male cancer death rate since 1990, with declines seen in every racial and ethnic group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-jemal-cancer-statistics-2010-cacancer-2010.md - Jemal 2011: Global cancer statistics (GLOBOCAN 2008) (key paper): The world cancer count for 2008: about 12.7 million new cases, with more than half of cases and almost two thirds of deaths already occurring in the economically developing world, breast cancer the most common cancer in women and lung cancer in men. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-jemal-global-cancer-statistics-2011-cacancer.md - JULIET: tisagenlecleucel for adults with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (key paper): In adults with aggressive lymphoma after at least two prior treatments, tisagenlecleucel produced responses in 52% and complete responses in 40%, most of which lasted. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-juliet-tisagenlecleucel-dlbcl-nejm-2019.md - Kalluri and Weinberg 2009: the basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (key paper): The standard primer on how cancer cells borrow a programme from embryonic development to loosen their attachments, become mobile and invade, and how the same programme also drives wound healing and organ scarring. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-kalluri-weinberg-emt-basics-jci-2009.md - KarMMa-3: ide-cel CAR-T versus standard regimens in triple-class-exposed relapsed myeloma (key paper): The first randomised CAR-T trial in myeloma tripled median progression-free survival (13.3 versus 4.4 months) compared with standard combinations after two to four prior lines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-karmma-3-ide-cel-nejm-2023.md - KATHERINE: switching to T-DM1 when HER2-positive breast cancer survives pre-surgery treatment (key paper): Women whose HER2-positive breast cancer was still present at surgery after chemotherapy and trastuzumab had half the risk of relapse if their post-surgery treatment was switched to the antibody-drug conjugate T-DM1 instead of continuing trastuzumab. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-katherine-nejm-2019.md - KEYNOTE-001 (Garon 2015): pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and the 50% PD-L1 cut-off (key paper): The large early trial that showed pembrolizumab shrinks about a fifth of advanced lung cancers, with responses that last, and that identified a PD-L1 score of 50% or more as the group most likely to benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-001-pembrolizumab-nsclc-nejm-2015.md - KEYNOTE-006 (Robert 2015): pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma (key paper): Head to head, the PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab held melanoma back longer, prolonged life and caused fewer severe side effects than ipilimumab, the CTLA-4 antibody that had been the first immunotherapy to extend survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-006-pembrolizumab-ipilimumab-melanoma-nejm-2015.md - KEYNOTE-010 (Herbst 2016): pembrolizumab versus docetaxel in previously treated PD-L1-positive lung cancer (key paper): After chemotherapy had failed, pembrolizumab prolonged life compared with docetaxel in lung cancers expressing any PD-L1, with the largest gain in tumours where at least half the cells were positive, and caused fewer severe side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-010-lancet-2016.md - KEYNOTE-024: pembrolizumab alone beats chemotherapy in PD-L1-high lung cancer (key paper): In patients whose lung tumours carried PD-L1 on at least half their cells, pembrolizumab alone held the cancer back longer than chemotherapy and caused fewer serious side effects, making immunotherapy the first treatment for this group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-024-nejm-2016.md - KEYNOTE-048: pembrolizumab, alone or with chemotherapy, as first treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (key paper): Pembrolizumab, either alone in PD-L1-positive tumours or combined with chemotherapy, helped patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer live longer than the previous cetuximab-based standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-048-lancet-2019.md - KEYNOTE-177: pembrolizumab instead of chemotherapy as first treatment for mismatch-repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer (key paper): For the roughly 5% of metastatic bowel cancers with defective DNA mismatch repair, pembrolizumab alone lengthened the time without progression compared with chemotherapy, with far fewer severe side effects, and 83% of responses lasted two years or more. It made first-line pembrolizumab the standard for this group. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-177-nejm-2020.md - KEYNOTE-189: pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as first treatment for non-squamous lung cancer without a driver mutation (key paper): Adding pembrolizumab to standard chemotherapy roughly halved the risk of death in newly diagnosed non-squamous lung cancer, whatever the PD-L1 level, making chemo-immunotherapy the default first treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-189-nejm-2018.md - KEYNOTE-522: adding pembrolizumab before and after surgery in early triple-negative breast cancer (key paper): Adding the immunotherapy pembrolizumab to chemotherapy before surgery, then continuing it afterwards, cut the risk of relapse or death by about a third in stage II-III triple-negative breast cancer and later improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-522-nejm-2022.md - KEYNOTE-564: a year of pembrolizumab after kidney cancer surgery (key paper): One year of pembrolizumab after surgery for high-risk kidney cancer reduced relapses by about a third and, in later follow-up, became the first adjuvant treatment to help kidney cancer patients live longer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-564-nejm-2021.md - KEYNOTE-942: a personalised mRNA cancer vaccine plus pembrolizumab after melanoma surgery (key paper): A vaccine custom-made from each patient's own tumour mutations, given with pembrolizumab after surgery for high-risk melanoma, reduced recurrence by about 44% compared with pembrolizumab alone in a mid-sized randomised trial, the first sign that personalised cancer vaccines can work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-942-lancet-2024.md - KEYNOTE-A18: pembrolizumab with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (key paper): Adding pembrolizumab to standard chemoradiotherapy for high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer reduced progression by 30% and later improved survival, the first systemic advance in this setting since cisplatin was added to radiotherapy in 1999. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-keynote-a18-lancet-2024.md - Lamouille 2014: molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (key paper): The detailed molecular account of how cells switch from a fixed epithelial state to a mobile mesenchymal one, from the TGF-beta signals that start it to the transcription factors, microRNAs and cytoskeletal changes that carry it out. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-lamouille-emt-molecular-mechanisms-nrmcb-2014.md - Le 2015: PD-1 blockade works in tumours with mismatch-repair deficiency, whatever the organ (key paper): Pembrolizumab shrank tumours in 40% of colorectal and 71% of other cancers with faulty DNA mismatch repair, but in none with intact repair, tying immunotherapy response to mutation burden. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-le-mmr-deficiency-pd1-nejm-2015.md - Le 2017: mismatch-repair deficiency predicts response to PD-1 blockade across twelve tumour types, leading to the first tissue-agnostic drug approval (key paper): Across 86 patients with 12 different dMMR cancers, pembrolizumab produced responses in 53% and complete responses in 21%, prompting the first approval of a cancer drug based on a genetic marker rather than tumour site. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-le-mmr-deficiency-science-2017.md - Leach, Krummel and Allison: releasing the CTLA-4 brake makes mice reject tumours (key paper): Injecting mice with an antibody that blocks the T-cell inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 caused established colon carcinomas and fibrosarcomas to be rejected and protected against re-challenge, the experiment that founded checkpoint immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-leach-allison-ctla4-blockade-science-1996.md - Lemmon and Schlessinger 2010: cell signalling by receptor tyrosine kinases (key paper): The standard review of the receptor family behind many cancer drugs, explaining how growth factor receptors such as EGFR and HER2 switch on when they pair up, how mutations lock them on in cancer, and how inhibitors turn them off. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-lemmon-schlessinger-rtk-signalling-cell-2010.md - Levine 1997: p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division (key paper): The classic account of how the p53 protein senses DNA damage and other stress and then stops a cell dividing or makes it die, and why losing p53, as about half of cancers do, removes a central safeguard against cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-levine-p53-gatekeeper-cell-1997.md - Li 2017: TIMER, a web server for estimating immune cells in tumour genomic data (key paper): A free online tool that estimates how many of six kinds of immune cell are present in a tumour from its gene expression data, applied to more than ten thousand tumours in The Cancer Genome Atlas and used in thousands of studies since. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-li-timer-tumour-infiltrating-immune-cells-cancerres-2017.md - Li 2020: TIMER2.0 for analysis of tumour-infiltrating immune cells (key paper): The updated version of the TIMER web tool, which estimates immune cell content in tumour gene expression data using six different algorithms side by side so users can see where they agree. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-li-timer2-nar-2020.md - Low-dose immunotherapy in head and neck cancer: a randomised study (Tata Memorial) (key paper): Giving about one-twentieth of the standard dose of nivolumab alongside cheap oral chemotherapy nearly tripled one-year survival in advanced head and neck cancer, showing that immunotherapy can be made affordable without losing its effect. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-patil-low-dose-nivolumab-jco-2023.md - MagnetisMM-3: elranatamab, a second BCMA bispecific, with a switch to fortnightly dosing after response (key paper): Elranatamab produced responses in 61% of heavily pretreated myeloma patients and showed that dosing can be thinned to every two weeks once patients respond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-magnetismm-3-elranatamab-natmed-2023.md - MAIA: adding daratumumab to lenalidomide-dexamethasone for older patients with newly diagnosed myeloma who cannot have a transplant (key paper): Adding the CD38 antibody daratumumab to standard lenalidomide-dexamethasone cut the risk of progression or death by about 44% in older myeloma patients, and later extended survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-maia-daratumumab-rd-nejm-2019.md - MajesTEC-1: teclistamab, an off-the-shelf BCMA bispecific antibody, in heavily pretreated myeloma (key paper): A ready-made antibody that pulls T cells onto myeloma cells produced responses in 63% of patients after a median of five prior therapies, without the wait for cell manufacturing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-majestec-1-teclistamab-nejm-2022.md - Mani 2008: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells (key paper): Switching on the invasion programme in normal breast cells also gave them stem cell properties, linking two ideas about how cancers spread and resist treatment, and suggesting that the mobile cells that seed metastases are the same ones that can regrow a tumour. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-mani-emt-stem-cell-properties-cell-2008.md - MARIPOSA: amivantamab plus lazertinib versus osimertinib as first treatment for EGFR-mutated lung cancer (key paper): Combining an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with a third-generation EGFR pill beat osimertinib alone, delaying progression by about seven months and later improving survival, at the cost of more side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-mariposa-nejm-2024.md - Martincorena: normal sun-exposed skin is a patchwork of cancer-mutation clones (key paper): Deep sequencing of 234 tiny biopsies of normal eyelid skin from four people found thousands of clones carrying cancer driver mutations, with about a fifth to a third of cells carrying NOTCH1 mutations, showing that driver mutations are common in healthy tissue. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-martincorena-somatic-mutations-normal-skin-science-2015.md - MASAI: AI-supported mammography screening finds more cancers with half the radiologist workload (key paper): In the first randomised trial of AI in population mammography, AI-supported reading detected 20% more cancers than standard double reading without increasing false positives, and cut screen-reading work by 44%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-masai-lancet-oncol-2023.md - Maude 2014: CD19 CAR-T cells produce complete remission in 27 of 30 children and adults with relapsed ALL (key paper): The first sizeable series of CD19 CAR-T therapy showed complete remission in 90% of patients with leukaemia that had failed everything else, with persistent engineered cells and a new, treatable toxicity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-maude-ctl019-all-nejm-2014.md - Minnesota trial: a yearly stool blood test cuts bowel cancer deaths by a third (key paper): Annual faecal occult blood testing followed by colonoscopy for positives reduced colorectal cancer deaths by 33% over 13 years, the first proof that bowel cancer screening saves lives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-minnesota-fobt-nejm-1993.md - MOMENTUM: momelotinib versus danazol for myelofibrosis patients with anaemia after a prior JAK inhibitor (key paper): A JAK inhibitor that also blocks the anaemia-driving ACVR1 pathway improved symptoms and spleen size without worsening, and often improving, anaemia in previously treated patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-momentum-momelotinib-lancet-2023.md - monarchE: two years of abemaciclib after surgery in high-risk, hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer (key paper): Adding two years of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib to standard hormone therapy after surgery cut the risk of the cancer coming back by a quarter in women with node-positive, high-risk disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-monarche-jco-2020.md - MPACT (Von Hoff 2013): nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer (key paper): Adding albumin-bound paclitaxel to gemcitabine prolonged survival in metastatic pancreatic cancer in a large international trial, giving patients who are not fit enough for FOLFIRINOX a second effective first-line option. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-mpact-nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine-nejm-2013.md - MURANO: two years of venetoclax plus rituximab versus chemo-immunotherapy in relapsed CLL (key paper): In relapsed CLL, a time-limited venetoclax-rituximab course cut progression risk by more than 80% compared with bendamustine-rituximab and later improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-murano-venetoclax-rituximab-nejm-2018.md - NADINA: two doses of ipilimumab plus nivolumab before surgery beat a year of nivolumab after surgery in stage III melanoma (key paper): Giving just two cycles of combination immunotherapy before removing melanoma lymph nodes cut relapses by more than two-thirds compared with a year of standard immunotherapy after surgery, and most patients needed no further treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-nadina-nejm-2024.md - NAPOLI-3: NALIRIFOX versus gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as first treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer (key paper): NAPOLI-3 randomised 770 patients with untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer to NALIRIFOX, a four-drug regimen built on liposomal irinotecan, or to gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, the doublet most patients receive. NALIRIFOX lengthened life and delayed progression, the first positive first-line trial in a decade, though conventional FOLFIRINOX remains the usual choice where affordable. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-napoli-3-lancet-2023.md - NATALEE: three years of ribociclib after surgery in a broad population of hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer (key paper): Three years of the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib added to hormone therapy reduced relapses in stage II-III hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, including some node-negative patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-natalee-nejm-2024.md - NELSON: volume-based CT screening reduces lung cancer deaths with fewer false alarms (key paper): In a Dutch-Belgian trial, CT screening using nodule volume rather than diameter cut lung cancer deaths in men by about a quarter at 10 years, with a far lower false-positive rate than NLST. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-nelson-nejm-2020.md - NETTER-2: lutetium-177 dotatate as first treatment for higher-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (key paper): Using the radioactive drug lutetium dotatate as the first treatment for faster-growing neuroendocrine tumours, rather than saving it for later, nearly tripled the time without progression compared with high-dose octreotide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-netter-2-lancet-2024.md - NHS-Galleri: design of the largest randomised trial of a multi-cancer blood test (key paper): The NHS-Galleri design paper is the protocol for a 140,000-person randomised trial in England testing whether three annual Galleri blood tests reduce late-stage (III-IV) cancer diagnoses, the first MCED trial powered for a stage-shift endpoint. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-nhs-galleri-design-cancers-2022.md - NIAGARA: durvalumab before and after cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (key paper): Adding the immunotherapy durvalumab to chemotherapy before bladder removal, and continuing it afterwards, reduced relapse and death in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, the first improvement on neoadjuvant chemotherapy in two decades. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-niagara-nejm-2024.md - NICHE-2: a month of nivolumab and ipilimumab before surgery clears mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancer in most patients (key paper): Two doses of immunotherapy over four weeks before surgery left little or no living tumour in 95% of patients with mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancer, and none had relapsed at three years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-niche-2-nejm-2024.md - NICHE-2: a single dose of ipilimumab and two of nivolumab before surgery clears dMMR colon cancer in most patients (key paper): In NICHE-2, four weeks of checkpoint blockade before surgery eliminated nearly all tumour in 95% of patients with mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancer, and none had relapsed at three years. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-niche-2-neoadjuvant-colon-nejm-2024.md - NLST: yearly low-dose CT scans cut lung cancer deaths in heavy smokers (key paper): Three annual low-dose CT scans reduced lung cancer deaths by a fifth compared with chest X-rays in current and former heavy smokers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-nlst-nejm-2011.md - NordICC: inviting people to a screening colonoscopy reduced bowel cancer, but less than expected (key paper): NordICC, the first randomised trial of colonoscopy screening, invited 84,585 people aged 55 to 64 to a single colonoscopy or to no screening. Bowel cancer incidence fell 18% over ten years among those invited, but only 42% attended, and the fall in bowel cancer deaths did not reach statistical significance, fuelling debate over colonoscopy versus stool-test programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-nordicc-nejm-2022.md - OlympiA: a year of olaparib after surgery for BRCA-mutated, high-risk early breast cancer (key paper): In women born with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation whose early breast cancer was high risk, a year of the PARP inhibitor olaparib after standard treatment cut relapses by more than 40% and later improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-olympia-nejm-2021.md - Ostrem and Shokat: the hidden pocket that made KRAS G12C druggable (key paper): Using disulfide-tethering screens, Shokat's laboratory found small molecules that bind covalently to the mutant cysteine of KRAS G12C in a previously unknown pocket beneath switch II, locking the oncoprotein in its inactive GDP-bound state. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ostrem-kras-g12c-nature-2013.md - PACIFIC: a year of durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy for stage III lung cancer (key paper): Giving the immunotherapy durvalumab for a year after chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage III lung cancer tripled the time to progression and raised five-year survival from about a third to over 40%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-pacific-nejm-2017.md - PAOLA-1: olaparib added to bevacizumab maintenance in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, with benefit confined to HRD-positive tumours (key paper): Adding the PARP inhibitor olaparib to bevacizumab after first-line chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer roughly doubled the time without progression in women whose tumours had defective DNA repair, but did nothing for those without it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-paola-1-nejm-2019.md - Pardoll 2012: the blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy (key paper): The review that named and organised the field of checkpoint blockade: tumours switch off attacking T cells through brakes such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, and antibodies that release those brakes can produce lasting responses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-pardoll-immune-checkpoint-blockade-nrc-2012.md - Parkin 2005: Global cancer statistics, 2002 (key paper): The world cancer count for 2002: about 10.9 million new cases and about 24.6 million people living within three years of a cancer diagnosis, with lung, breast and colorectal cancers the three most common. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-parkin-global-cancer-statistics-2002-cacancer-2005.md - PATHFINDER: the first prospective test of a multi-cancer blood test in people without symptoms (key paper): In 6,621 adults over 50, the Galleri test flagged a cancer signal in 1.4%, of whom 38% turned out to have cancer; diagnostic work-up took about two months for true positives and over five months for false positives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-pathfinder-lancet-2023.md - PERSEUS: daratumumab added to bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone around autologous transplant in newly diagnosed myeloma (key paper): Adding daratumumab to the standard three-drug induction, transplant and maintenance cut progression or death by 58% and pushed MRD-negativity to three-quarters of patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-perseus-dara-vrd-transplant-nejm-2024.md - POLARIX: swapping vincristine for the antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin in first-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (key paper): Replacing one chemotherapy drug in R-CHOP with a CD79b antibody-drug conjugate modestly reduced progression (2-year PFS 76.7% versus 70.2%) without changing survival or side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-polarix-polatuzumab-rchp-nejm-2022.md - Prasad: most surrogate endpoints in cancer trials correlate poorly with survival (key paper): A systematic review of 36 trial-level meta-analyses found that in over half the surrogate endpoint (response rate, progression-free survival) had a low correlation with overall survival, and only about a quarter showed a strong correlation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-prasad-surrogate-endpoints-jama-im-2015.md - PREDIMED: a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil and fewer breast cancers (key paper): In a Spanish cardiovascular prevention trial, women assigned to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil had about two-thirds fewer invasive breast cancers than a low-fat control group, although the number of cases was small. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-predimed-breast-jama-im-2015.md - PROSE consortium: preventive surgery lowers cancer and death in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers (key paper): Among 2,482 women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes was associated with 60% lower all-cause mortality, and no breast cancers occurred in the women who had preventive mastectomy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-brca-risk-reducing-surgery-jama-2010.md - Quail and Joyce 2013: microenvironmental regulation of tumour progression and metastasis (key paper): A review of how the normal cells around a tumour, including fibroblasts, immune cells and blood vessels, are recruited to help it grow and spread, and how distant organs are prepared to receive metastases before the cancer cells arrive. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-quail-joyce-microenvironment-metastasis-natmed-2013.md - QuANTUM-First: quizartinib added to intensive chemotherapy and continued as maintenance in newly diagnosed FLT3-ITD AML (key paper): Adding the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib to standard chemotherapy, and continuing it for up to three years, roughly doubled median survival in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukaemia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-quantum-first-quizartinib-lancet-2023.md - Rahib 2014: projecting US cancer incidence and deaths to 2030 (key paper): A projection that by 2030 pancreatic and liver cancers would overtake breast, prostate and colorectal cancers to become the second and third leading causes of cancer death in the United States, because progress against the common cancers was not being matched in these two. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-rahib-projecting-cancer-deaths-2030-cancerres-2014.md - RELATIVITY-047: relatlimab plus nivolumab, the first LAG-3 checkpoint combination, in untreated advanced melanoma (key paper): Adding an antibody against a second immune brake, LAG-3, to nivolumab delayed progression in advanced melanoma compared with nivolumab alone, with far fewer serious side effects than the ipilimumab combination. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-relativity-047-nejm-2022.md - Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology found that landmark preclinical results mostly shrank or vanished on replication (key paper): An eight-year effort to repeat 50 experiments from 23 high-impact cancer biology papers found that replication effect sizes were on average 85% smaller than the originals, and fewer than half of the effects replicated by most criteria. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-reproducibility-project-cancer-biology-elife-2021.md - Reya 2001: stem cells, cancer and cancer stem cells (key paper): The review that framed the cancer stem cell idea: only a small subset of cells in a tumour may be able to renew it, so treatments that shrink a tumour without removing those cells let it grow back. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-reya-cancer-stem-cells-nature-2001.md - Ribas and Wolchok 2018: cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade (key paper): A review by two of the field's leading trialists, written as checkpoint inhibitors reached a dozen cancers, explaining how CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade work, why only some patients respond, and how resistance arises. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ribas-wolchok-checkpoint-blockade-science-2018.md - Rizvi 2015: the mutational landscape determines who responds to PD-1 blockade in lung cancer (key paper): Lung cancers with more mutations, typically those caused by smoking, were more likely to respond to pembrolizumab, the study that established tumour mutational burden as a biomarker for immunotherapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-rizvi-mutational-landscape-pd1-science-2015.md - Rohaas 2022: the first randomised trial of TIL therapy, against ipilimumab, in advanced melanoma (key paper): In a head-to-head trial, tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy halved the risk of progression compared with ipilimumab in melanoma that had mostly already failed PD-1 blockade. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-rohaas-til-vs-ipilimumab-nejm-2022.md - Rojas 2023: a personalised mRNA vaccine trained T cells against each patient's pancreatic cancer, and those who responded stayed cancer-free longer (key paper): Individualised mRNA vaccines encoding up to 20 of each patient's tumour mutations generated strong T-cell responses in half of pancreatic cancer patients after surgery, and those responders had far fewer relapses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-rojas-mrna-neoantigen-vaccine-pancreatic-nature-2023.md - RUBY: dostarlimab with chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (key paper): Adding the PD-1 antibody dostarlimab to first-line chemotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer cut progression by 72% in tumours with defective mismatch repair and by about a third overall, and later improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ruby-nejm-2023.md - Sato 2009: single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus organoids (key paper): The experiment that invented organoids: a single intestinal stem cell, given three growth factors in a gel, grew into a miniature gut lining that could be kept alive indefinitely, a method since extended to tumours from individual patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-sato-lgr5-organoids-nature-2009.md - Sauer 2004: chemoradiotherapy before rather than after surgery for rectal cancer (CAO/ARO/AIO-94) (key paper): Giving chemotherapy and radiotherapy before surgery rather than after halved local recurrences of rectal cancer, caused less toxicity and let more patients keep their anal sphincter, without changing overall survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-sauer-preoperative-chemoradiotherapy-rectal-nejm-2004.md - SCALP: scalp cooling to prevent hair loss during chemotherapy for early breast cancer (key paper): In the first randomised trial of a modern scalp cooling system, half the women who used the Paxman device during taxane or anthracycline chemotherapy for early breast cancer kept most of their hair, compared with none of those who did not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-scalp-trial-jama-2017.md - Schreiber, Old and Smyth 2011: cancer immunoediting (key paper): The review that set out the three Es of how the immune system shapes a cancer: elimination of many early tumours, an equilibrium in which growth is held in check, and escape when the tumour evolves ways to evade attack. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-schreiber-cancer-immunoediting-science-2011.md - Self-collected HPV samples are as accurate as clinician samples and reach women who never attend screening (key paper): A meta-analysis of 56 accuracy studies and 25 randomised trials found that self-sampled swabs tested with PCR detect precancer as well as clinician-taken samples, and mailing kits to under-screened women roughly doubles participation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hpv-self-sampling-bmj-2018.md - Sherr and Roberts 1999: CDK inhibitors as regulators of the G1 phase (key paper): The classic review of the brakes on the cell cycle, the proteins that hold back the cyclin-dependent kinases which commit a cell to dividing, and how cancers lose them, the biology behind today's CDK4/6 inhibitors. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-sherr-roberts-cdk-inhibitors-genesdev-1999.md - Siegel 2012: Cancer statistics, 2012 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2012 projected about 1.64 million new cancer cases and reported that death rates had fallen steadily since the early 1990s in both men and women, sparing more than a million lives. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2012-cacancer-2012.md - Siegel 2013: Cancer statistics, 2013 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's 2013 report projected about 1.66 million new US cancer cases and put the overall cancer death rate 20 percent below its 1991 peak, with chronic myeloid leukaemia showing the fastest fall in deaths of any cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2013-cacancer-2013.md - Siegel 2014: Cancer statistics, 2014 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's 2014 report projected about 1.67 million new US cancer cases and estimated that two decades of falling death rates had avoided about 1.34 million cancer deaths, with the gains very unevenly spread by age, race and sex. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2014-cacancer-2014.md - Siegel 2015: Cancer statistics, 2015 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2015 projected about 1.66 million new cancer cases and recorded a cancer death rate 22% below its 1991 peak, the year the series began reporting deaths averted in the millions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2015-cacancer-2015.md - Siegel 2016: Cancer statistics, 2016 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2016 projected about 1.69 million new cancer cases and recorded a cancer death rate 23% below its 1991 peak, with the report noting that cancer had overtaken heart disease as the leading cause of death in many US states. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2016-cacancer-2016.md - Siegel 2017: Cancer statistics, 2017 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2017 projected about 1.69 million new cancer cases and recorded a cancer death rate 25% below its 1991 peak. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2017-cacancer-2017.md - Siegel 2018: Cancer statistics, 2018 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2018 projected about 1.74 million new cancer cases and recorded a cancer death rate 26% below its 1991 peak. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2018-cacancer-2018.md - Siegel 2019: Cancer statistics, 2019 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2019 projected about 1.76 million new cancer cases, recorded a quarter-century of falling cancer death rates, and drew attention to widening gaps between rich and poor counties. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2019-cacancer-2019.md - Siegel 2021: Cancer statistics, 2021 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2021 projected about 1.9 million new cancer cases and recorded a cancer death rate 31% below its 1991 peak, with the largest single-year drop yet recorded, driven by lung cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2021-cacancer-2021.md - Siegel 2022: Cancer statistics, 2022 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2022 projected about 1.9 million new cancer cases and reported that the cancer death rate had fallen by about a third since 1991, with declines in lung cancer deaths accelerating as treatment improved. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2022-cacancer-2022.md - Siegel 2023: Cancer statistics, 2023 (key paper): The American Cancer Society's annual US report for 2023 projected about 1.96 million new cancer cases, reported a continued fall in the cancer death rate, and flagged rising prostate cancer diagnoses at advanced stage alongside a steep fall in cervical cancer among young women vaccinated against HPV. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2023-cacancer-2023.md - Siegel 2024: Cancer statistics, 2024, the American Cancer Society's annual US report (key paper): The American Cancer Society's yearly count projected that the United States would pass two million new cancer diagnoses in 2024 for the first time, while the cancer death rate kept falling and colorectal cancer rose to become the leading cause of cancer death in men under 50. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2024-cacancer-2024.md - Singh 2004: identification of human brain tumour initiating cells (key paper): The first proof that human brain tumours are driven by a small population of stem-like cells: a hundred cells carrying the CD133 marker could regrow a patient's tumour in a mouse brain while a hundred thousand cells without it could not. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-singh-brain-tumour-initiating-cells-nature-2004.md - Single-injection depot progesterone before surgery and survival in operable breast cancer (key paper): A single cheap hormone injection given days before breast surgery did not help every patient, but among women whose cancer had spread to lymph nodes it improved five-year survival, a result that seeded twenty years of low-cost perioperative trials in India. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-badwe-progesterone-jco-2011.md - Slamon 1987: HER2 gene amplification marks an aggressive form of breast cancer (key paper): Extra copies of the HER2 gene were found in about a quarter to a third of breast cancers and picked out the patients most likely to relapse, the discovery that made HER2 a drug target and a test. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-slamon-her2-amplification-science-1987.md - Slamon 1989: HER2/neu in human breast and ovarian cancer (key paper): The follow-up to the 1987 discovery: extra copies of the HER2 gene were found in about a quarter to a third of breast cancers and also in ovarian cancers, they led to overproduction of the HER2 protein, and they marked patients with worse outcomes in both diseases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-slamon-her2-breast-ovarian-science-1989.md - Slamon 2001: adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (key paper): The trial that made trastuzumab standard: adding the HER2 antibody to chemotherapy slowed progression and prolonged life in women whose breast cancers overexpressed HER2, at the cost of heart weakening when it was paired with anthracyclines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-slamon-trastuzumab-nejm-2001.md - SOLO-1: two years of olaparib maintenance after first-line chemotherapy for BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer (key paper): In women with newly diagnosed advanced BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer who had responded to chemotherapy, two years of the PARP inhibitor olaparib kept far more of them free of progression than placebo, and the effect persisted for years after the tablets stopped. It moved PARP inhibitors into first-line maintenance and made BRCA testing at diagnosis routine. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-solo-1-nejm-2018.md - SPEARHEAD-1: afami-cel, the first engineered T-cell receptor therapy approved for a solid tumour, in synovial sarcoma (key paper): T cells engineered with a receptor recognising the MAGE-A4 cancer antigen shrank tumours in 37% of patients with advanced synovial sarcoma or myxoid liposarcoma, leading to the first approval of a TCR-T therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-spearhead-1-afami-cel-sarcoma-lancet-2024.md - SPEARHEAD-1: afamitresgene autoleucel, the first engineered T-cell receptor therapy approved for a solid tumour, in synovial sarcoma (key paper): T cells taken from patients and engineered to recognise the MAGE-A4 protein shrank tumours in about four in ten patients with advanced synovial sarcoma, leading to the first approval of a TCR T-cell therapy for any solid cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-spearhead-1-lancet-2024.md - SPOTLIGHT: zolbetuximab, the first Claudin 18.2 antibody, added to chemotherapy in gastric cancer (key paper): In stomach cancers that express the protein Claudin 18.2, adding the antibody zolbetuximab to chemotherapy extended survival by nearly three months, making Claudin 18.2 a new biomarker to test for. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-spotlight-lancet-2023.md - STAMPEDE: adding abiraterone to hormone therapy at diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer (key paper): Giving the hormone-pathway drug abiraterone from the start, alongside standard testosterone suppression, cut deaths by more than a third in men newly diagnosed with high-risk or metastatic prostate cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-stampede-abiraterone-nejm-2017.md - Stupp 2005: temozolomide added to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (key paper): Adding the oral chemotherapy temozolomide during and after radiotherapy extended median survival in glioblastoma by about two and a half months and more than doubled the number of patients alive at two years; twenty years later it is still the standard. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-stupp-temozolomide-nejm-2005.md - Sung 2021: GLOBOCAN 2020, the year breast cancer overtook lung cancer as the most diagnosed cancer (key paper): The IARC count for 2020: about 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide, with female breast cancer overtaking lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer for the first time, and a projected rise to about 28 million cases a year by 2040. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-sung-globocan-2020-cacancer-2021.md - SunRISe-1: TAR-200, a gemcitabine-releasing device placed in the bladder, for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (key paper): A small pretzel-shaped device that slowly releases gemcitabine inside the bladder cleared carcinoma in situ in about four out of five patients whose cancer had stopped responding to BCG, offering an alternative to bladder removal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-sunrise-1-jco-2025.md - Swedish registry study: HPV vaccination almost eliminates cervical cancer when given before 17 (key paper): Among 1.7 million Swedish girls and women, quadrivalent HPV vaccination cut invasive cervical cancer by 88% when given before age 17 and by about half when given at 17-30. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hpv-vaccine-sweden-nejm-2020.md - SWOG S1826: nivolumab plus AVD chemotherapy versus brentuximab-AVD for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and adults (key paper): Adding a PD-1 antibody to chemotherapy beat the brentuximab-based standard, with 92% of patients progression-free at two years and less nerve damage. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-swog-s1826-nivolumab-avd-nejm-2024.md - Talicabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies: an open-label, multicentre, phase 1/2 study (key paper): The trial report behind India's first CAR-T therapy: about three in four heavily pretreated patients with lymphoma or leukaemia responded to cells engineered and made in Mumbai. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-jain-talicabtagene-lancet-haem-2025.md - TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas: 10,000 tumours across 33 cancer types, classified by molecular features (key paper): The capstone of The Cancer Genome Atlas integrated DNA, RNA, protein and methylation data on about 10,000 tumours, showing that cell of origin dominates molecular classification but that some cancers regroup across organs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-tcga-pancancer-atlas-cell-2018.md - Temel: early palliative care alongside chemotherapy improved quality of life, mood and survival in lung cancer (key paper): Patients newly diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer who saw a palliative care team from diagnosis had better quality of life, less depression, less aggressive end-of-life care and lived a median 2.7 months longer than those receiving oncology care alone. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-temel-early-palliative-care-nejm-2010.md - The first PROTAC: a chimeric molecule that tags a protein for destruction (key paper): Crews and Deshaies built a two-headed molecule linking a ligand for the target protein MetAP-2 to a peptide recognised by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and showed it induced ubiquitination and degradation of the target, founding targeted protein degradation. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-protac-concept-sakamoto-pnas-2001.md - The Hallmarks of Cancer: six capabilities every tumour must acquire (key paper): Hanahan and Weinberg distilled decades of cancer biology into six acquired capabilities shared by all cancers, giving the field a common organising framework that has been cited more than any other cancer paper. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-hallmarks-of-cancer-cell-2000.md - Therasse 2000: RECIST, the standard rules for measuring whether a tumour responds (key paper): The guideline that defined how trials decide a tumour has shrunk, stayed stable or grown, using the longest diameter of a few measured lesions, so results from different trials can be compared. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-therasse-recist-jnci-2000.md - Thiery 2002: epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression (key paper): The review that brought the developmental idea of epithelial-mesenchymal transition into cancer biology, proposing it as the mechanism by which carcinoma cells detach, invade and travel to distant sites. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-thiery-emt-tumour-progression-nrc-2002.md - Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours (key paper): An analysis of more than 10,000 tumours from 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas that sorted cancers into six immune subtypes, showing that the immune environment of a tumour cuts across its tissue of origin and affects prognosis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-thorsson-immune-landscape-of-cancer-immunity-2018.md - ToGA (Bang 2010): trastuzumab with chemotherapy for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (key paper): The trial that brought HER2 testing and trastuzumab to stomach cancer: adding the antibody to chemotherapy prolonged survival in patients whose gastric or junction cancers overexpressed HER2, about a fifth of those screened. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-toga-trastuzumab-gastric-lancet-2010.md - Topalian 2012: the first large trial of a PD-1 antibody shows durable responses across melanoma, lung and kidney cancer (key paper): Nivolumab shrank tumours in roughly a fifth to a quarter of patients with three different advanced cancers, with responses that lasted more than a year and a hint that PD-L1 on the tumour predicted benefit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-topalian-anti-pd1-nejm-2012.md - Torre 2015: Global cancer statistics, 2012 (key paper): The GLOBOCAN-based world count for 2012: about 14.1 million new cancer cases, with more than half of cases and almost two thirds of deaths occurring in less developed regions, and lung cancer leading in men while breast cancer led in women. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-torre-global-cancer-statistics-2012-cacancer-2015.md - TRACERx 421: the full-cohort picture of how lung cancer evolves and which subclones drive relapse (key paper): Analysis of 1,644 tumour regions from 421 patients confirmed that subclonal expansions and whole-genome doubling predict relapse, mapped which drivers are selected late, and showed that the metastasising subclone is often a minor population in the primary. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-tracerx-evolution-nature-2023.md - TRACERx first 100: tracking how lung cancers evolve, and how chromosomal chaos predicts relapse (key paper): Multi-region sequencing of 327 regions from the first 100 TRACERx lung cancers showed that most driver mutations are early and shared while copy-number chaos continues to evolve, and that tumours with high copy-number heterogeneity were nearly five times more likely to relapse or kill the patient. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-tracerx-100-nejm-2017.md - TRANSFORM: liso-cel CAR-T versus salvage chemotherapy and transplant in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma (key paper): In TRANSFORM, a second CD19 CAR-T, lisocabtagene maraleucel, also beat chemotherapy-plus-transplant as second-line treatment, with a low rate of severe side effects. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-transform-liso-cel-lancet-2022.md - TROPION-Breast01: datopotamab deruxtecan versus chemotherapy in pretreated hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, and why a PFS win did not translate to survival (key paper): The TROP2-directed antibody-drug conjugate Dato-DXd delayed progression by about two months compared with chemotherapy, but patients did not live longer, which stalled its approval in breast cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-tropion-breast01-jco-2024.md - Tumeh 2014: PD-1 blockade works by releasing T cells already present at the tumour edge (key paper): Melanomas that responded to pembrolizumab already contained killer T cells pressed up against tumour cells expressing PD-L1, showing that the drug works by releasing an immune attack that is already there rather than creating a new one. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-tumeh-pd1-adaptive-immune-resistance-nature-2014.md - UCART19: the first gene-edited, donor-derived CAR-T cells in children and adults with relapsed B-cell ALL (key paper): Off-the-shelf CAR-T cells made from a healthy donor, gene-edited to avoid rejection and graft-versus-host disease, produced remission in 14 of 21 patients with relapsed ALL. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-ucart19-allogeneic-car-t-lancet-2020.md - Unger: most patients never get the chance to join a cancer trial, and when offered, half say yes (key paper): Pooling 13 studies of 8,883 patients, 56% had no trial available at their site and a further 22% were ineligible for the trials that existed; among patients actually offered a trial, roughly half enrolled, so overall participation was about 8%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-unger-trial-participation-barriers-jnci-2019.md - Use of alternative medicine for cancer and its impact on survival (key paper): People with curable breast, lung or bowel cancer who chose alternative medicine instead of conventional treatment were two and a half times as likely to die during follow-up as matched patients who had standard treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-johnson-alternative-medicine-jnci-2018.md - Vaccine efficacy against persistent HPV 16/18 infection at 10 years after one, two and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India (key paper): Ten years after vaccination, Indian girls who had received a single dose of HPV vaccine were as well protected against the cancer-causing HPV types as those who had two or three doses, which let the world switch to one-dose programmes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-basu-single-dose-hpv-lancet-oncol-2021.md - Veber 2002: molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates (key paper): An analysis of over a thousand experimental drug candidates that found molecules with few rotatable bonds and a modest polar surface area were far more likely to be absorbed when swallowed, giving medicinal chemists two simple rules that shaped the design of oral cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-veber-oral-bioavailability-jmedchem-2002.md - VIALE-A: venetoclax plus azacitidine for older adults with acute myeloid leukaemia who cannot have intensive chemotherapy (key paper): Adding the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax to azacitidine more than doubled remission rates and extended median survival from 9.6 to 14.7 months in unfit AML patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-viale-a-venetoclax-azacitidine-nejm-2020.md - VISION: lutetium-177 PSMA-617 radioligand therapy extends survival in advanced prostate cancer (key paper): A radioactive drug that homes to the PSMA protein on prostate cancer cells helped men with heavily pretreated metastatic prostate cancer live about four months longer, launching radioligand therapy as a mainstream treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-vision-nejm-2021.md - Vogelstein, Lane and Levine 2000: surfing the p53 network (key paper): A concise map of the p53 system as a network: the stresses that activate it, the many genes it controls, and the feedback loops that keep it in check, explaining why a single gene sits at the centre of so much of cancer biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-vogelstein-surfing-p53-network-nature-2000.md - Yarden and Sliwkowski 2001: untangling the ErbB signalling network (key paper): The classic account of the HER family of receptors, explaining why HER2 is such a powerful cancer driver: it is the preferred partner for the other three receptors and turns their signals up, which is what trastuzumab and later HER2 drugs exploit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-yarden-sliwkowski-erbb-network-nrmcb-2001.md - ZUMA-1: axicabtagene ciloleucel for refractory large B-cell lymphoma, the first CAR-T approved for lymphoma (key paper): In lymphoma refractory to chemotherapy, where expected survival was around six months, a single CAR-T infusion produced responses in 82% of patients and long-term remission in about 40%. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-zuma-1-axi-cel-nejm-2017.md - ZUMA-2: brexu-cel CAR-T for mantle cell lymphoma that has failed BTK inhibitors (key paper): In mantle cell lymphoma that had stopped responding to BTK inhibitors, a single CAR-T infusion produced responses in 93% of patients and complete remissions in two-thirds. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-zuma-2-brexu-cel-mantle-cell-nejm-2020.md - ZUMA-7: axi-cel CAR-T instead of salvage chemotherapy and transplant for large B-cell lymphoma that relapses early (key paper): For lymphoma that came back within a year, going straight to CAR-T beat the decades-old chemotherapy-then-transplant approach, and later improved survival. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/paper-zuma-7-axi-cel-second-line-nejm-2022.md ## Journals (259) Where the evidence is published: the journals, their scope and access model, and the key papers each one carried. - Acta oncologica (journal): Acta Oncologica is a Nordic clinical oncology journal, now fully open access, read by medical and radiation oncologists and cancer epidemiologists, especially in Scandinavia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/acta-oncologica.md - Advances in cancer research (journal): Advances in Cancer Research is a long-running review series of invited, in-depth chapters on cancer biology, read by laboratory scientists and trainees who want an authoritative overview of a topic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/advances-in-cancer-research.md - American journal of clinical oncology (journal): The American Journal of Clinical Oncology is a general clinical cancer journal from Wolters Kluwer covering medical and radiation oncology, read by practising oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/american-journal-of-clinical-oncology.md - American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book (journal): The ASCO Educational Book is the American Society of Clinical Oncology's annual educational publication tied to its Annual Meeting, giving clinicians readable summaries of each year's main topics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asco-educational-book.md - Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) (journal): Analytical Cellular Pathology is an open access pathology journal on cytology, biomarkers and diagnostic and immunopathology, read by pathologists and laboratory researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/analytical-cellular-pathology.md - Annals of Internal Medicine (journal): Annals of Internal Medicine is the American College of Physicians' journal. In cancer it carries the US Preventive Services Task Force evidence reviews and modelling studies that set screening ages and intervals, so primary care doctors read it for screening guidance rather than treatment trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/annals-internal-medicine.md - Annals of Oncology (journal): Annals of Oncology is ESMO's flagship journal, publishing European phase 3 trials, the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines and the abstract books for the ESMO Congress. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/annals-of-oncology.md - Annals of surgical oncology (journal): Annals of Surgical Oncology is the main journal of the Society of Surgical Oncology and the leading venue for surgical cancer research, read by surgical oncologists worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/annals-of-surgical-oncology.md - Anticancer research (journal): Anticancer Research is a monthly journal from the International Institute of Anticancer Research in Greece that has published experimental and clinical cancer papers with fast turnaround since 1981. It is indexed in MEDLINE, but its access model is mixed and it is not listed in DOAJ, so check individual articles. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/anticancer-research.md - Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology (journal): The Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology is a Wiley clinical oncology journal focused on cancer treatment and care across the Asia-Pacific region, read by oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists and nurses there. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asia-pacific-journal-of-clinical-oncology.md - Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention (journal): APJCP is a monthly open access journal on cancer prevention and epidemiology in Asia and the Pacific, read by public health researchers and clinicians across the region. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/asian-pacific-journal-of-cancer-prevention.md - Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer (journal): BBA Reviews on Cancer is the cancer review section of the Biochimica et Biophysica Acta family, publishing in-depth reviews on the molecular and cellular biology of cancer for laboratory scientists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bba-reviews-on-cancer.md - bioRxiv (journal): bioRxiv is the preprint server for biology. Most cancer genomics, immunology and computational papers now appear here before the journal version. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/biorxiv.md - Blood (journal): Blood is the American Society of Hematology's flagship journal, covering leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma and transplant biology and trials, plus the ASH annual meeting abstracts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blood.md - Blood Advances (journal): ASH's fully open-access journal for haematology, including real-world outcomes, phase 1 and 2 trials and the ASH clinical practice guidelines. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blood-advances.md - Blood cancer discovery (journal): Blood Cancer Discovery is the American Association for Cancer Research's journal, launched in 2020, for basic, translational and clinical research in leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma. Authors pay publication charges and can pay extra to make articles open access; haematologists and cancer biologists working on blood cancers read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blood-cancer-discovery.md - Blood cancer journal (journal): Blood Cancer Journal is a fully open access Nature Portfolio journal on leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma and related disorders, read by clinical and laboratory haematologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/blood-cancer-journal.md - BMC cancer (journal): BMC Cancer is a large open access journal that takes sound research on any aspect of cancer, including study protocols, and is read by clinicians and researchers worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bmc-cancer.md - BMJ (journal): The BMJ is the British Medical Association's journal. It published Doll and Hill's 1950 smoking and lung cancer study and remains a leading critic of weak cancer-drug evidence and a champion of open data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bmj.md - Brain tumor pathology (journal): A Japanese neuropathology journal covering the diagnosis, classification and biology of brain and spinal cord tumours, read by neuropathologists and neuro-oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/brain-tumor-pathology.md - Breast cancer (journal): Breast Cancer is the official journal of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society, publishing clinical and translational breast cancer research for surgeons, oncologists and pathologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-cancer-jbcs.md - Breast cancer research (journal): Breast Cancer Research is an open access journal for laboratory, translational and clinical breast cancer science, read by breast cancer researchers and specialist clinicians. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-cancer-research.md - Breast cancer research and treatment (journal): Breast Cancer Research and Treatment is a long-established Springer journal spanning breast cancer biology, epidemiology and clinical management, read by breast oncologists and researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/breast-cancer-research-and-treatment.md - British Journal of Cancer (journal): The British Journal of Cancer is Cancer Research UK's journal, published by Springer Nature, covering translational and clinical research and the UK registry epidemiology on risk factors, attributable fractions and deprivation gaps. Its Cancer Research UK epidemiology reports are usually free to read. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/british-journal-of-cancer.md - Bulletin du cancer (journal): Bulletin du Cancer is the French-language journal of the Société Française du Cancer, publishing original and review articles across oncology for French-speaking clinicians and researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/bulletin-du-cancer.md - CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (journal): CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians has the highest impact factor of any journal, because it publishes the annual US and global cancer statistics that almost every cancer paper cites. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ca-cancer-journal.md - Cancer (journal): Cancer is the American Cancer Society's peer-reviewed clinical journal, publishing across all cancers since 1948 with a focus on epidemiology, survivorship and outcomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-wiley.md - Cancer biology & medicine (journal): Cancer Biology & Medicine is a monthly open access journal from the China Anti-Cancer Association covering cancer biology through clinical research, read by Chinese and international oncology researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-biology-and-medicine.md - Cancer biology & therapy (journal): Cancer Biology & Therapy is an open access journal on the molecular basis of cancer and its translation into diagnosis and treatment, read by translational cancer researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-biology-and-therapy.md - Cancer biomarkers (journal): Cancer Biomarkers publishes research on molecular markers for cancer detection, prognosis and treatment response, read by laboratory medicine and translational oncology researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-biomarkers.md - Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals (journal): Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals covers immunotherapy, targeted biological agents and radiolabelled drugs for cancer imaging and treatment, read by nuclear medicine and biotherapy researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-biotherapy-and-radiopharmaceuticals.md - Cancer causes & control (journal): Cancer Causes & Control is a Springer journal of cancer epidemiology, publishing studies of cancer risk factors, screening and prevention for epidemiologists and public health researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-causes-and-control.md - Cancer Cell (journal): Cancer Cell is Cell Press's dedicated cancer journal, publishing mechanism-rich papers on tumour biology, the microenvironment, resistance and biomarkers, plus the CPTAC proteogenomic atlases. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-cell.md - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology (journal): Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology publishes the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dosing and early clinical evaluation of anticancer drugs, read by clinical pharmacologists and medical oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-chemotherapy-and-pharmacology.md - Cancer communications (journal): Cancer Communications is the open-access English-language journal of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, covering basic, translational and clinical cancer research. Read by oncologists and cancer researchers, particularly those following work from China. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-communications.md - Cancer control (journal): Cancer Control is the open-access journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida, covering cancer prevention, detection, treatment, survivorship and palliative care. Read by clinicians and cancer-control researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-control.md - Cancer cytopathology (journal): Cancer Cytopathology is the American Cancer Society's journal for cytopathology, the diagnosis of cancer from cells rather than tissue blocks. Read by cytopathologists, cytotechnologists and pathologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-cytopathology.md - Cancer Discovery (journal): AACR's high-profile journal bridging discovery and the clinic: first-in-human targeted-therapy data, resistance mechanisms and translational biology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-discovery.md - Cancer epidemiology (journal): Cancer Epidemiology is an Elsevier journal about what causes cancer, how it can be prevented and how outcomes vary across populations. Read by epidemiologists, public-health researchers and cancer registries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-epidemiology.md - Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention (journal): AACR's epidemiology and prevention journal: risk factors, screening, early-detection biomarkers and cancer disparities. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-epidemiology-biomarkers-prevention.md - Cancer gene therapy (journal): Cancer Gene Therapy covers gene and cell therapies for cancer, from CAR-T cells to oncolytic viruses and gene editing. Read by translational researchers and clinicians developing these treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-gene-therapy.md - Cancer genetics (journal): Cancer Genetics is an Elsevier journal on the genetic and genomic changes that drive cancer, in both tumours and inherited predisposition. Read by cancer geneticists, cytogeneticists and molecular pathologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-genetics.md - Cancer genomics & proteomics (journal): Cancer Genomics & Proteomics is a Greek-published journal on the genes, transcripts and proteins that mark and drive cancers. Read by molecular oncology researchers, especially those working on prognostic markers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-genomics-and-proteomics.md - Cancer imaging (journal): Cancer Imaging is the open-access journal of the International Cancer Imaging Society, covering CT, MRI, PET and other imaging of cancer. Read by radiologists and nuclear medicine specialists working in oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-imaging.md - Cancer Immunology Research (journal): AACR's tumour immunology journal: mechanisms of immune response and escape, checkpoint and cell-therapy biology and immune biomarkers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-immunology-research.md - Cancer immunology, immunotherapy (journal): Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy (CII) is a long-running Springer journal on how the immune system recognises cancer and how that can be turned into treatment. Read by tumour immunologists and immunotherapy clinicians. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-immunology-immunotherapy.md - Cancer investigation (journal): Cancer Investigation is a Taylor & Francis journal of translational and clinical oncology with fast publication. Read by medical oncologists and clinical researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-investigation.md - Cancer letters (journal): Cancer Letters is a high-volume Elsevier journal for basic and translational cancer biology, with an emphasis on experimental targeted therapies. Read by laboratory cancer researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-letters.md - Cancer medicine (journal): Cancer Medicine is a large open-access Wiley journal, launched in 2012, that takes research from every part of oncology, from laboratory biology to clinical trials and prevention, and also accepts papers referred from other Wiley journals. All articles are CC BY, with an article processing charge. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-medicine.md - Cancer metastasis reviews (journal): Cancer and Metastasis Reviews is a Springer review journal on how cancers grow, spread and resist treatment, and on the biology behind new therapies. Read by researchers who want authoritative overviews rather than primary data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-metastasis-reviews.md - Cancer nursing (journal): Cancer Nursing is the international journal for research on nursing care of people with cancer, from symptom management to survivorship and end-of-life care. Read by oncology nurses, nurse researchers and educators. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-nursing.md - Cancer prevention research (journal): Cancer Prevention Research is the AACR's journal for stopping cancer before it starts or catching it early: chemoprevention, risk factors, screening and interception. Read by prevention scientists, epidemiologists and clinicians running early-detection studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-prevention-research.md - Cancer radiothérapie (journal): Cancer/Radiothérapie is the journal of the French society of radiation oncologists, published mostly in French with English abstracts. Read by radiation oncologists and medical physicists in France and francophone countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-radiotherapie.md - Cancer reports (journal): Cancer Reports is a broad open-access Wiley journal for basic, translational and clinical cancer research, including sound studies that are not headline results. Read by researchers across oncology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-reports.md - Cancer Research (journal): Cancer Research is AACR's original journal, publishing since 1941: broad basic and preclinical cancer biology, tumour immunology and the AACR annual meeting abstracts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-research.md - Cancer research and treatment (journal): Cancer Research and Treatment is the open-access journal of the Korean Cancer Association, publishing experimental and clinical cancer research. Read by oncologists in Korea and internationally, and it is a common home for Korean clinical trial reports. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-research-and-treatment.md - Cancer research communications (journal): Cancer Research Communications is the AACR's fully open-access journal for rapid publication across all of cancer research, including confirmatory and null results. Read by researchers who want AACR peer review without a paywall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-research-communications.md - Cancer science (journal): Cancer Science is the open-access journal of the Japanese Cancer Association, publishing basic, translational and clinical cancer research. Read by oncologists and cancer biologists, and a principal outlet for Japanese cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-science.md - Cancer treatment and research (journal): Cancer Treatment and Research is a Springer book series, not a conventional journal, in which each volume reviews current treatment of one cancer or one area of oncology, from basic science to safety and efficacy. Its chapters are indexed in MEDLINE, which is why it appears among journals. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-treatment-and-research.md - Cancer treatment and research communications (journal): Cancer Treatment and Research Communications is an open-access Elsevier journal for clinical and translational oncology papers, including smaller studies and case series. Read by practising oncologists and clinical researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-treatment-and-research-communications.md - Cancer treatment reviews (journal): Cancer Treatment Reviews is an Elsevier review journal, published six times a year since 1974, that gives oncologists overviews of drugs, combinations and treatment strategies across systemic therapy, radiotherapy, surgery and supportive care. It is read by clinicians rather than laboratory scientists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancer-treatment-reviews.md - Cancers (journal): A high-volume open-access oncology journal from MDPI publishing thousands of papers a year across basic, translational and clinical cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cancers-mdpi.md - Carcinogenesis (journal): Carcinogenesis is an Oxford University Press journal on how cancers arise: chemical and environmental carcinogens, DNA damage, genetics and epigenetics, inflammation and prevention. Read by cancer biologists, toxicologists and molecular epidemiologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/carcinogenesis.md - Cell (journal): Cell is the leading molecular and cell biology journal. It published the Hallmarks of Cancer and much of the mechanistic biology behind today's cancer drugs. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell.md - Cell Stem Cell (journal): Cell Stem Cell is Cell Press's stem-cell journal. Cancer readers go to it for leukaemia stem cell and clonal haematopoiesis biology, patient-derived organoid biobanks used for drug testing, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells for off-the-shelf cell therapies; access is hybrid. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cell-stem-cell.md - Cellular oncology (journal): Cellular Oncology is an online-only, open access Springer journal for basic and translational cancer research at the level of the cell and the tissue. Its readers are molecular biologists, geneticists, pathologists and oncologists working on how cell biology translates into the clinic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cellular-oncology.md - Chinese clinical oncology (journal): Chinese Clinical Oncology is an open access, peer-reviewed bimonthly journal from AME Publishing in Hong Kong, the official journal of the Society for Translational Medicine, publishing diagnosis, prevention and treatment studies with a large share of authors from China and Asia. It is indexed in MEDLINE but not listed in DOAJ. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chinese-clinical-oncology.md - Clinical & experimental metastasis (journal): Clinical & Experimental Metastasis is the official journal of the Metastasis Research Society and the main specialist venue for laboratory and clinical research on how cancer spreads. It is read by metastasis biologists and by clinicians who treat advanced disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-and-experimental-metastasis.md - Clinical & translational oncology (journal): Clinical and Translational Oncology is the official journal of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies, bridging laboratory cancer biology and clinical practice. It is read by Spanish and international medical oncologists and translational researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-and-translational-oncology.md - Clinical advances in hematology & oncology (journal): Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology is a monthly US clinical review magazine that reaches practising haematologists and oncologists with expert interviews, review articles and case commentary rather than original trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-advances-in-hematology-and-oncology.md - Clinical breast cancer (journal): Clinical Breast Cancer is an Elsevier specialty journal for clinical and translational breast cancer research, from detection and prevention to treatment. Breast oncologists, surgeons and translational researchers read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-breast-cancer.md - Clinical Cancer Research (journal): AACR's clinical journal: phase 1 dose-escalation trials, biomarker studies, pharmacodynamics and the FDA approval summaries written by agency reviewers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-cancer-research.md - Clinical colorectal cancer (journal): Clinical Colorectal Cancer is an Elsevier journal for clinical and translational research in colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers. Gastrointestinal oncologists and trialists read it for original reports tied to clinical practice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-colorectal-cancer.md - Clinical genitourinary cancer (journal): Clinical Genitourinary Cancer is an Elsevier journal for clinical and translational research in prostate, kidney, bladder and other genitourinary cancers. Urologic oncologists and medical oncologists treating these tumours read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-genitourinary-cancer.md - Clinical journal of oncology nursing (journal): The Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing is the Oncology Nursing Society's practice-focused journal, giving cancer nurses evidence-based articles, case reports and continuing education on day-to-day patient care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-journal-of-oncology-nursing.md - Clinical lung cancer (journal): Clinical Lung Cancer is an Elsevier journal for clinical and translational lung cancer research, from screening and diagnosis to drug resistance and multimodality treatment. Thoracic oncologists and lung cancer researchers read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-lung-cancer.md - Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia (journal): This Elsevier journal covers clinical and translational research in lymphoma, myeloma, leukaemia and related plasma cell disorders. Haematologist-oncologists read it for treatment, biomarker and resistance studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-lymphoma-myeloma-and-leukemia.md - Clinical oncology (journal): Clinical Oncology is the Royal College of Radiologists' journal, with a strong radiotherapy and multidisciplinary cancer management focus. UK and international clinical oncologists read it for original research, editorials and reviews. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-oncology-rcr.md - Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (journal): Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics is the ASCPT journal for dose optimisation, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and pharmacogenomics, increasingly central to how oncology doses are chosen after FDA's Project Optimus. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics.md - CNS oncology (journal): CNS Oncology is a fully open access neuro-oncology journal, now published by Taylor & Francis, covering diagnosis, staging and treatment of brain and spinal tumours in practice-oriented formats for oncologists and other clinicians. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/cns-oncology.md - Critical reviews in oncogenesis (journal): Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis is a quarterly review journal from Begell House covering the mechanisms by which cancers arise. Cancer biologists read it for thematic review issues rather than original data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/critical-reviews-in-oncogenesis.md - Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (journal): This Elsevier journal publishes expert critical reviews across all of oncology and haematology and is the official journal of the European School of Oncology. Clinicians and trainees read it for structured overviews of a field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/critical-reviews-in-oncology-hematology.md - Current cancer drug targets (journal): Current Cancer Drug Targets is a Bentham Science journal on molecular targets for cancer drugs and the agents aimed at them. Pharmacologists and translational cancer researchers read it for reviews and research on targeted therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/current-cancer-drug-targets.md - Current hematologic malignancy reports (journal): Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports is a Springer review journal in which invited experts summarise recent papers on leukaemias, lymphomas, myeloma and related blood cancers, with annotated reference lists. Haematologist-oncologists and trainees use it to keep up; it is online only with hybrid access. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/current-hematologic-malignancy-reports.md - Current oncology (journal): Current Oncology is a Canadian-rooted, open access clinical oncology journal now published by MDPI, with several Canadian oncology associations affiliated. Clinical oncologists read it for original research, reviews and practice guidance. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/current-oncology-mdpi.md - Current oncology reports (journal): Current Oncology Reports is a Springer review journal in which section editors commission experts to review recent clinical findings across oncology, with annotated reference lists that mark which papers change practice. Busy clinicians read it for summaries rather than primary data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/current-oncology-reports.md - Current opinion in oncology (journal): Current Opinion in Oncology is a bimonthly Wolters Kluwer review journal whose structured reviews (purpose of review, recent findings, summary) survey each area of oncology in turn. Clinicians read it to catch up on a topic quickly. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/current-opinion-in-oncology.md - Current problems in cancer (journal): Current Problems in Cancer is an Elsevier journal for patient-oriented cancer research that changes or challenges practice, with occasional curated topic overviews. Clinical oncologists and trialists read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/current-problems-in-cancer.md - Current treatment options in oncology (journal): Current Treatment Options in Oncology is a Springer review journal in which experts set out current and emerging approaches to treating each cancer. Practising oncologists read it for treatment-focused overviews. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/current-treatment-options-in-oncology.md - eLife (journal): A non-profit open-access life-science journal backed by HHMI, Wellcome and the Max Planck Society, known for its reviewed-preprint publishing model. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/elife.md - Endocrine-related cancer (journal): Endocrine-Related Cancer is the Society for Endocrinology's cancer journal, covering endocrine tumours and hormone-dependent cancers such as breast, prostate, thyroid and neuroendocrine tumours. Endocrinologists and cancer biologists read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/endocrine-related-cancer.md - ESMO Open (journal): ESMO's fully open-access journal: trials, real-world studies, ESMO position papers and the Living Guidelines updates, all free to read. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esmo-open.md - Esophagus (journal): Esophagus is the official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society, publishing studies of benign and malignant oesophageal disease. Oesophageal surgeons, gastroenterologists and oncologists read it, especially for squamous cell carcinoma research from Japan and Asia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/esophagus-journal.md - European Journal of Cancer (journal): The European Journal of Cancer is the Elsevier journal affiliated with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, publishing phase 2 and 3 trials, EORTC quality-of-life questionnaire work, European guidelines on melanoma and skin cancers, and EUROCARE registry epidemiology. It is the place to look for European trial reports and consensus statements. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/european-journal-of-cancer.md - European journal of cancer prevention (journal): The official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation, publishing epidemiology, screening and risk-factor research. Read by epidemiologists, public-health specialists and clinicians working on cancer prevention. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/european-journal-of-cancer-prevention.md - European journal of oncology nursing (journal): The official journal of the European Oncology Nursing Society. It publishes nursing research on patient care, education, management and policy, and is read mainly by cancer nurses and allied health researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/european-journal-of-oncology-nursing.md - European journal of surgical oncology (journal): EJSO is the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and of BASO. It publishes clinical and translational research on cancer surgery and is read by surgical oncologists across Europe and beyond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/european-journal-of-surgical-oncology.md - European thyroid journal (journal): The European Thyroid Association's open-access journal covering all thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer. Read by endocrinologists, thyroid surgeons and nuclear medicine specialists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/european-thyroid-journal.md - European Urology (journal): European Urology is the European Association of Urology's journal and the most cited urology title, publishing prostate, bladder and kidney cancer trials, the EAU guidelines and PSMA imaging studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/european-urology.md - European Urology Oncology (journal): European Urology Oncology is the European Association of Urology's dedicated cancer journal for prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/european-urology-oncology.md - Experimental oncology (journal): A Ukrainian English-language quarterly of experimental and clinical cancer research, published for the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Kavetsky Institute. Read by laboratory cancer researchers, particularly in Eastern Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/experimental-oncology.md - Expert review of anticancer therapy (journal): A monthly review journal on cancer treatment, part of the Expert Review series. It is read by oncologists and pharmacologists wanting commissioned overviews of drugs, regimens and treatment strategies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/expert-review-of-anticancer-therapy.md - Familial cancer (journal): A Springer journal devoted to inherited cancer risk: hereditary cancer syndromes, genetic testing, counselling and prevention. Read by clinical geneticists, genetic counsellors and oncologists running family cancer clinics. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/familial-cancer.md - Future oncology (journal): A high-frequency clinical oncology journal formerly from Future Medicine and now published by Taylor & Francis. It carries trial protocols, reviews and original research and is read by clinical oncologists and industry researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/future-oncology.md - Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy (journal): Gan to Kagaku Ryoho is a Japanese-language journal of cancer treatment and chemotherapy, published sixteen times a year with English summaries and indexed in MEDLINE since 1982. Japanese oncologists and surgeons read it, and it carries a large share of case reports and proceedings of Japanese meetings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gan-to-kagaku-ryoho.md - Gastric cancer (journal): The joint official journal of the International and Japanese Gastric Cancer Associations, devoted to stomach cancer. Read by gastrointestinal surgeons, oncologists and pathologists, particularly in East Asia where the disease is common. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gastric-cancer.md - Genes & Development (journal): A Cold Spring Harbor molecular biology journal where much of the foundational work on oncogenes, tumour suppressors, senescence and cancer gene regulation was published. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genes-and-development.md - Genes, chromosomes & cancer (journal): A Wiley journal on the genetic and chromosomal changes that drive cancer, from cytogenetics to genomic profiling. Read by cancer geneticists, molecular pathologists and cytogeneticists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/genes-chromosomes-and-cancer.md - Gynecologic Oncology (journal): Gynecologic Oncology is the Society of Gynecologic Oncology's journal for ovarian, endometrial, cervical and vulvar cancer research, surgery and PARP-inhibitor and immunotherapy trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gynecologic-oncology.md - Haematologica (journal): The European Hematology Association's open-access journal, publishing haematological malignancy research from Europe and worldwide with no paywall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/haematologica.md - Head & neck (journal): A Wiley journal for head and neck surgery and oncology, covering cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, salivary glands and thyroid. Read by head and neck surgeons, radiation and medical oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/head-and-neck-journal.md - Head and neck pathology (journal): A Springer journal for pathologists who diagnose tumours and other disease of the mouth, sinuses, larynx, salivary glands, ear and neck. Read by surgical pathologists, cytologists and head and neck surgeons. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/head-and-neck-pathology.md - Hematological oncology (journal): A Wiley journal on blood cancers such as lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloma. Read by haematologists and haemato-oncologists; it also publishes the abstracts of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma in supplement form. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hematological-oncology.md - Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy (journal): An open-access journal from King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh covering blood disorders, cancer and stem cell transplantation, with no author fees. Read by haematologists and transplant physicians, particularly in the Middle East. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hematology-oncology-and-stem-cell-therapy.md - Hematology/oncology clinics of North America (journal): One of Elsevier's Clinics series: each issue is a guest-edited set of review articles on a single topic in blood disease or cancer. Read by clinicians and trainees wanting an up-to-date overview rather than primary research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/hematology-oncology-clinics-of-north-america.md - In vivo (journal): A Greek-published bimonthly of experimental and clinical research from the International Institute of Anticancer Research, sister to Anticancer Research. Much of its content is cancer biology, animal models and clinical prognostic studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/in-vivo.md - Indian journal of cancer (journal): India's longest-running cancer journal, publishing clinical studies, case series and health-system papers from Indian centres. Read by oncologists and cancer-care planners in India and other low- and middle-income settings. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/indian-journal-of-cancer.md - Integrative cancer therapies (journal): An open-access SAGE journal on integrative and complementary approaches in cancer care, such as exercise, nutrition, mind-body therapies and acupuncture alongside standard treatment. Read by integrative oncology clinicians, nurses and supportive-care researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/integrative-cancer-therapies.md - International journal of cancer (journal): A long-established general cancer research journal founded by the International Union Against Cancer, spanning cancer biology, epidemiology and clinical research. Read by cancer researchers worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/international-journal-of-cancer.md - International journal of clinical oncology (journal): The official journal of the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, publishing clinical trials and other clinical cancer research in English. Read by oncologists in Japan and internationally. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/international-journal-of-clinical-oncology.md - International journal of gynecological cancer (journal): The official journal of the International Gynecologic Cancer Society and ESGO, covering cancers of the ovary, uterus, cervix, vulva and vagina. Read by gynaecological oncologists, medical and radiation oncologists and pathologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/international-journal-of-gynecological-cancer.md - International journal of hyperthermia (journal): An open-access journal on the use of heat in medicine, especially hyperthermia and thermal ablation for cancer. Read by radiation oncologists, interventional radiologists, medical physicists and engineers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/international-journal-of-hyperthermia.md - International journal of oncology (journal): A monthly cancer research journal from the Athens-based publisher Spandidos, covering laboratory oncology and cancer treatment. Read by molecular and cellular cancer biologists, with a large share of authors from East Asia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/international-journal-of-oncology.md - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics (journal): The International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, known as the Red Journal, is the American Society for Radiation Oncology's journal and the main US venue for radiotherapy trials, dose and fractionation evidence, physics and toxicity research, including NRG and RTOG cooperative-group results. Access is hybrid. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/ijrobp.md - JAMA (journal): JAMA is the American Medical Association's flagship journal. It is strong on cancer screening, prevention, health-services and patient-reported-outcome research, and on the USPSTF recommendations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jama.md - JAMA Internal Medicine (journal): JAMA Internal Medicine is the JAMA Network's internal-medicine journal, known for sceptical, evidence-based analyses of overdiagnosis, surrogate endpoints and low-value care in cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jama-internal-medicine.md - JAMA Oncology (journal): JAMA Oncology is the JAMA Network's cancer journal, publishing phase 2 trials, secondary analyses of big trials, epidemiology, health policy and drug-pricing research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jama-oncology.md - Japanese journal of clinical oncology (journal): Japan's English-language clinical cancer journal, covering trials, surgery, radiology, epidemiology and palliative care with a focus on Asia. Read by clinical oncologists in Japan and across the region. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/japanese-journal-of-clinical-oncology.md - JCO clinical cancer informatics (journal): ASCO's journal for the data side of cancer care: electronic health records, real-world data, machine learning, clinical decision support and data sharing. Read by oncologists, informaticians and health-data scientists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jco-clinical-cancer-informatics.md - JCO global oncology (journal): ASCO's open access journal for cancer care and research in low- and middle-income countries and other resource-limited settings. Read by oncologists and public-health researchers working on cancer worldwide. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jco-global-oncology.md - JCO Oncology Practice (journal): ASCO's journal about how cancer care is actually delivered and paid for: financial toxicity, workforce, quality measures, telehealth and payment reform. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jco-oncology-practice.md - JCO Precision Oncology (journal): ASCO's journal for genomics-guided cancer care: tumour sequencing studies, biomarker-selected trials, molecular tumour board case series and real-world genomic data. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jco-precision-oncology.md - JMIR cancer (journal): An open access journal about technology, apps, online tools and patient-centred innovation in cancer care and survivorship. Read by digital-health researchers, oncology clinicians and patient advocates. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jmir-cancer.md - JNCI cancer spectrum (journal): The open access sister journal of JNCI, publishing clinical, translational, epidemiological and policy research across the whole of cancer. Read by cancer researchers and clinicians who want peer-reviewed findings without a paywall. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnci-cancer-spectrum.md - JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute (journal): JNCI began as the US National Cancer Institute's own journal and is now independent. It is strong on cancer epidemiology, screening, trial methodology and health disparities. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnci.md - Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (journal): SITC's fully open-access journal: checkpoint-inhibitor and cell-therapy trials, immune-related toxicity management guidelines and immunotherapy biomarkers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jitc.md - Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology (journal): The journal devoted to cancer in teenagers and young adults, a group whose tumours, treatment needs and life circumstances differ from both children and older adults. Read by paediatric and adult oncologists, nurses and psycho-oncology researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-adolescent-and-young-adult-oncology.md - Journal of breast imaging (journal): The Society of Breast Imaging's journal on mammography, ultrasound, MRI and image-guided procedures for finding and managing breast cancer. Read by breast radiologists, technologists and screening researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-breast-imaging.md - Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle (journal): The open access journal for wasting syndromes: the muscle and weight loss that accompanies advanced cancer and other chronic diseases. Read by oncologists, geriatricians, nutrition scientists and muscle biologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-cachexia-sarcopenia-and-muscle.md - Journal of cancer education (journal): The journal about teaching cancer: how to train clinicians, students and the public about prevention, screening and care. Read by medical educators, public-health workers and oncology training leads. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-cancer-education.md - Journal of cancer policy (journal): A journal about the politics and economics of cancer: national cancer plans, drug pricing, access to care and health-system decisions. Read by policy makers, health economists and cancer-control researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-cancer-policy.md - Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology (journal): The German Cancer Society's long-running journal covering both laboratory cancer research and clinical oncology. Read by oncologists and cancer researchers, especially in Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-cancer-research-and-clinical-oncology.md - Journal of cancer research and therapeutics (journal): An Indian clinical oncology journal, edited from AIIMS in New Delhi, that publishes research and case reports on cancer treatment with a strong radiotherapy presence. Read by oncologists in India and other Asian countries. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-cancer-research-and-therapeutics.md - Journal of cancer survivorship (journal): The journal about life after a cancer diagnosis: late effects, quality of life, follow-up care and health policy for people living with and beyond cancer. Read by survivorship clinicians, nurses, psychologists and health-services researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-cancer-survivorship.md - Journal of Clinical Investigation (journal): The Journal of Clinical Investigation is a century-old physician-scientist journal, free to read, publishing mechanistic disease biology including tumour immunology, metabolism and early CAR-T science. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jci.md - Journal of Clinical Oncology (journal): The Journal of Clinical Oncology is ASCO's flagship journal and the workhorse of clinical oncology, publishing trials, ASCO guidelines, and the abstract supplements for the ASCO Annual Meeting. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jco.md - Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology (journal): A journal on how chemicals, pollutants and other environmental exposures damage tissues and cause cancer. Read by toxicologists, pathologists and experimental cancer researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-environmental-pathology-toxicology-and-oncology.md - Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research (journal): An Italian-rooted open access journal for bench-to-bedside cancer research, from tumour models to early clinical studies. Read by translational cancer biologists and clinician scientists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-experimental-and-clinical-cancer-research.md - Journal of gastric cancer (journal): The Korean Gastric Cancer Association's open access journal on stomach cancer, from prevention and screening to surgery and drug treatment. Read by gastric surgeons, gastroenterologists and oncologists, especially in East Asia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-gastric-cancer.md - Journal of gastrointestinal cancer (journal): A clinical journal for cancers of the digestive tract: oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bowel and rectum. Read by GI oncologists, surgeons and gastroenterologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-gastrointestinal-cancer.md - Journal of geriatric oncology (journal): The journal for cancer in older people: frailty assessment, treatment tolerance, care of patients with several conditions and clinical trials in the over-65s. Read by geriatric oncologists, geriatricians and oncology nurses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-geriatric-oncology.md - Journal of gynecologic oncology (journal): An open access Asian journal on cancers of the cervix, womb, ovaries, vulva and vagina, run by the Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology with its Korean and Japanese partner societies. Read by gynaecological oncologists and surgeons, especially in Asia. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-gynecologic-oncology.md - Journal of hematology & oncology (journal): A large open access journal spanning blood cancers and solid tumours, from laboratory mechanisms to clinical trials. Read by haematologists, oncologists and translational researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-hematology-and-oncology.md - Journal of immunotherapy (journal): A long-established journal on using the immune system against cancer, edited by Steven Rosenberg of the US National Cancer Institute. Read by tumour immunologists and clinicians working on checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines and cell therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-immunotherapy.md - Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia (journal): A specialist journal on how the breast develops, lactates and turns cancerous, bringing together mammary gland biology and breast cancer research. Read by developmental biologists, breast cancer researchers and lactation scientists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-mammary-gland-biology-and-neoplasia.md - Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology (journal): The journal of the Australian and New Zealand college for radiologists and radiation oncologists, covering diagnostic imaging, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. Read by radiologists and radiation oncologists in Australasia and beyond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-medical-imaging-and-radiation-oncology.md - Journal of neuro-oncology (journal): A high-volume journal on brain and spinal cord tumours, from glioma biology to surgery, radiotherapy and drug trials. Read by neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons and brain tumour researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-neuro-oncology.md - Journal of Nuclear Medicine (journal): The Journal of Nuclear Medicine is the SNMMI's journal and the core venue for PET tracers and radioligand therapy: PSMA and somatostatin imaging, lutetium and actinium dosimetry, and theranostics trials. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-nuclear-medicine.md - Journal of oncology pharmacy practice (journal): The official journal of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, covering how cancer medicines are prepared, dosed, handled and used safely. Read by oncology pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-oncology-pharmacy-practice.md - Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology (journal): A clinical journal for doctors and nurses who treat children with cancer and blood disorders, carrying case reports, cohort studies and treatment series. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-pediatric-hematology-oncology.md - Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology nursing (journal): The nursing journal of the Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses, publishing research and reviews on caring for children with cancer and blood disorders. Read by paediatric oncology nurses, social workers and child life specialists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-pediatric-hematology-oncology-nursing.md - Journal of psychosocial oncology (journal): A journal about the emotional, social and practical side of cancer: counselling, family support, coping and survivorship. Read by oncology social workers, psychologists and nurses. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-psychosocial-oncology.md - Journal of radiation research (journal): A fully open access Japanese journal on radiation science, from radiobiology and physics to radiotherapy for cancer. Read by radiation oncologists, medical physicists and radiation biologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-radiation-research.md - Journal of registry management (journal): The journal of the US cancer registrars' association, about how cancer and other health registries collect, manage and use their data. Read by registrars, epidemiologists and public health staff. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-registry-management.md - Journal of surgical oncology (journal): A long-running surgical journal for cancer surgeons, covering operations, multimodality treatment and the laboratory science behind them, with themed Seminars issues. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-surgical-oncology.md - Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute (journal): The open access journal of Egypt's National Cancer Institute in Cairo, publishing cancer research with a focus on applied work from developing countries. No fee to publish. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-the-egyptian-national-cancer-institute.md - Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs (journal): The monograph series of the JNCI family: each issue is a set of papers on one cancer topic or from one conference, such as cervical screening in HPV-vaccinated populations. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnci-monographs.md - Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (journal): JNCCN is the NCCN's journal, where the US treatment guidelines are published in article form alongside real-world practice and cost studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/jnccn.md - Journal of Thoracic Oncology (journal): The Journal of Thoracic Oncology is the IASLC's journal and the leading specialist venue for lung cancer and mesothelioma: staging, biomarkers, targeted-therapy and screening research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/journal-of-thoracic-oncology.md - Klinická onkologie (journal): The journal of the Czech and Slovak oncology societies, publishing clinical research, reviews and case reports in Czech, Slovak and English. Read by oncologists and radiotherapists in central Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/klinicka-onkologie.md - Leukemia (journal): Leukemia is a Springer Nature haematology journal covering leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma biology and clinical research, including the International Myeloma Working Group consensus papers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leukemia.md - Leukemia & lymphoma (journal): A journal for haematologists and scientists working on blood cancers, from leukaemia and lymphoma biology to new drugs and clinical outcomes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leukemia-and-lymphoma.md - Leukemia research (journal): An Elsevier journal on leukaemia and related blood cancers, and the official journal of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes Foundation. Read by haematologists and laboratory researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/leukemia-research.md - Lung cancer (journal): The main specialist journal for lung cancer and other chest tumours, publishing trials, translational studies and reviews. Read by thoracic oncologists, surgeons and pulmonologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lung-cancer-journal.md - Magyar onkologia (journal): The official journal of the Hungarian Society of Oncologists, publishing reviews, recommendations, original papers and case reports in Hungarian and English, plus Hungarian congress abstracts. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/magyar-onkologia.md - Medical oncology (journal): A broad Springer journal reporting clinical and preclinical research in cancer and blood disorders, with reviews and perspective pieces. Read by medical oncologists and translational researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medical-oncology.md - medRxiv (journal): medRxiv is the preprint server for medicine and health sciences. Clinical cancer studies appear here weeks or months before journal publication, unreviewed. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/medrxiv.md - Melanoma research (journal): A specialist journal devoted to melanoma, from tumour genetics and immunology to case reports and clinical studies of targeted and immune therapies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/melanoma-research.md - Molecular cancer (journal): A large open access journal for laboratory cancer research, from tumour signalling and the microenvironment to biomarkers and new therapeutic approaches. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-cancer.md - Molecular cancer research (journal): The AACR's basic-science journal for discoveries about how cancer cells work: cell cycle, DNA repair, gene regulation, oncogenes and signalling. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-cancer-research.md - Molecular Cancer Therapeutics (journal): AACR's preclinical therapeutics journal: where new small molecules, ADCs and combination strategies are first characterised in cells and mice. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-cancer-therapeutics.md - Molecular carcinogenesis (journal): A Wiley laboratory journal on the molecular mechanisms by which cancers arise and progress. Read by cancer biologists and toxicologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-carcinogenesis.md - Molecular oncology (journal): An open access FEBS journal spanning basic, translational and clinical cancer research plus policy pieces on prevention and care. Read by cancer researchers across Europe and beyond. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/molecular-oncology.md - NAR cancer (journal): The cancer sister journal of Nucleic Acids Research: fully open access papers on DNA, RNA and genomics in cancer, including data resource articles. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nar-cancer.md - Nature (journal): Nature is the world's leading multidisciplinary science journal. The big cancer biology discoveries land here: cancer genome atlases, tumour evolution, new drug targets and early first-in-human results. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature.md - Nature Biotechnology (journal): Nature Biotechnology is the leading biotechnology journal, covering new sequencing and single-cell methods, CAR-T and gene-editing engineering, ADC and protein design, plus biotech industry analysis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-biotechnology.md - Nature Cancer (journal): Nature Cancer is Nature's cancer-specific research journal, launched in 2020, spanning basic biology to translational and clinical cancer studies. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-cancer.md - Nature Communications (journal): Springer Nature's large fully open-access multidisciplinary journal, carrying a high volume of cancer genomics, immunology, AI and translational papers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-communications.md - Nature Genetics (journal): Nature Genetics is the top genetics journal, publishing cancer genome-wide association studies, polygenic risk scores, cancer gene discovery and mutational-signature work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-genetics.md - Nature Medicine (journal): Nature Medicine is Nature's clinical journal and now a top venue for early-phase and biomarker-rich cancer trials, medical AI studies and cell-therapy reports. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-medicine.md - Nature Reviews Cancer (journal): Commissioned expert reviews on cancer biology. The place to start when learning a new area of tumour biology, from metabolism to metastasis. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-reviews-cancer.md - Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (journal): Commissioned clinical reviews for oncologists: treatment landscapes, biomarker strategies and trial-design critique, with the highest impact factor of any oncology journal. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-reviews-clinical-oncology.md - Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (journal): Nature Reviews Drug Discovery is Springer Nature's monthly review journal on how drugs are discovered and developed. Its News and Analysis pieces are the usual source for the pipeline, clinical success-rate and attrition statistics quoted about oncology development, so investors and policy analysts read it as much as scientists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nature-reviews-drug-discovery.md - NEJM Evidence (journal): NEJM Group's newer journal for clinical trials and trial methodology, publishing rigorous randomised studies that fall just outside the parent journal's remit. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nejm-evidence.md - Neoplasia (journal): An open access Elsevier journal for laboratory and translational cancer research across all tumour types, with a policy of sharing the cell lines and reagents it describes. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neoplasia.md - Neoplasma (journal): A Slovak English-language cancer journal, edited by the Cancer Research Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, covering experimental oncology, clinical oncology and epidemiology. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neoplasma.md - Neuro-Oncology (journal): Neuro-Oncology is the Society for Neuro-Oncology's journal, publishing glioma, brain metastasis and paediatric brain tumour research, response criteria and the CBTRUS statistical reports. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/neuro-oncology.md - New England Journal of Medicine (journal): NEJM is the most influential medical journal. When a cancer drug trial changes how patients are treated, the paper is usually here, often published the same day it is presented at ASCO, ESMO or ASH. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nejm.md - Nutrition and cancer (journal): A journal on how diet and nutrients affect cancer risk, treatment and prevention, from laboratory carcinogenesis studies to dietetics and food policy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/nutrition-and-cancer.md - Oncogene (journal): Oncogene is a long-running cancer biology journal from the Nature stable. It publishes molecular and cellular research on how cancers arise, spread and resist treatment, and is read mainly by laboratory cancer researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncogene-journal.md - Oncoimmunology (journal): OncoImmunology is an open access journal devoted to the immune system's role in cancer and to immunotherapy. It is read by tumour immunologists and by clinicians developing immune-based treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncoimmunology.md - Oncology (journal): Oncology is a Swiss clinical cancer journal from Karger that has been running since 1967. It carries clinical studies, translational research and short trial reports for oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-karger.md - Oncology (Williston Park) (journal): ONCOLOGY, known in PubMed as Oncology (Williston Park), is an American clinical review journal for practising cancer doctors. It is now part of the CancerNetwork site run by MJH Life Sciences. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-williston-park.md - Oncology nursing forum (journal): The Oncology Nursing Forum is the research journal of the Oncology Nursing Society in the United States. Cancer nurses read it for studies on symptom management, care delivery and health equity. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-nursing-forum.md - Oncology reports (journal): Oncology Reports is a Greek-based monthly journal of basic and applied cancer research, with a focus on how cancers start and spread. It is read by laboratory cancer researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-reports.md - Oncology research (journal): Oncology Research is a monthly journal of basic, translational and clinical cancer research with a particular interest in new treatments. It is now published by Tech Science Press. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-research.md - Oncology research and treatment (journal): Oncology Research and Treatment is the German-speaking haematology and oncology societies' journal, published in English by Karger. Clinicians read it for clinical and translational studies across the cancer specialties. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncology-research-and-treatment.md - Oncotarget (journal): Oncotarget is a large online cancer research journal that publishes on anything that can be viewed as a target relevant to cancer, from molecules and pathways to cell types. It is read by basic and translational cancer researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oncotarget.md - Oral oncology (journal): Oral Oncology is Elsevier's monthly journal on cancers of the mouth, throat and head and neck region. It is read by head and neck surgeons, oncologists and oral pathologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/oral-oncology.md - Pathology oncology research (journal): Pathology and Oncology Research (POR) is a Hungarian-founded, fully open access journal spanning tumour pathology, molecular diagnostics and clinical oncology. It is read by pathologists and experimental and clinical oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pathology-and-oncology-research.md - Pediatric Blood & Cancer (journal): Pediatric Blood & Cancer is the joint ASPHO and SIOP journal for childhood cancer and blood disorders, publishing cooperative-group trial reports, late effects and supportive care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pediatric-blood-and-cancer.md - Pediatric hematology and oncology (journal): Pediatric Hematology and Oncology is a Taylor & Francis journal on blood disorders and cancers in children. It is read by paediatric oncologists and haematologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pediatric-hematology-and-oncology.md - Pigment cell & melanoma research (journal): Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research is a Wiley journal covering the biology of pigment cells and melanoma. Its readers are melanoma researchers, dermatologists and pigment cell biologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pigment-cell-and-melanoma-research.md - PLOS Medicine (journal): A fully open-access general medical journal that favours studies with global public-health impact, including cancer epidemiology, screening and health-policy work. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/plos-medicine.md - Practical radiation oncology (journal): Practical Radiation Oncology is a clinically oriented radiotherapy journal published by Elsevier. Radiation oncologists read it for guidance on day-to-day treatment practice and quality. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/practical-radiation-oncology.md - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (journal): PNAS is the US National Academy of Sciences' weekly multidisciplinary journal, free to read six months after publication. Its cancer landmarks include the early oncogene and tumour-suppressor papers, the first PROTAC concept paper and the Iwai and Honjo paper showing that tumours use PD-L1 to escape T cells. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/pnas.md - Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases (journal): Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases is a Nature-family journal covering prostate cancer together with benign prostate conditions. Urologists, oncologists and prostate researchers read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/prostate-cancer-and-prostatic-diseases.md - Psycho-oncology (journal): Psycho-Oncology is the main journal for research on the psychological, social and behavioural side of cancer. Psychologists, nurses, social workers and oncologists read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/psycho-oncology-journal.md - Radiation and environmental biophysics (journal): Radiation and Environmental Biophysics is a German-based Springer journal on the biological effects of radiation and environmental agents. Radiation biologists, dosimetrists and epidemiologists of radiation-induced cancer read it. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiation-and-environmental-biophysics.md - Radiation oncology (journal): Radiation Oncology is a fully open access radiotherapy journal from BMC. Radiation oncologists and medical physicists read it for clinical and technical studies on radiation treatment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiation-oncology.md - Radiology (journal): Radiology is the RSNA's flagship journal, publishing imaging research including cancer screening performance, AI image analysis and response assessment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiology.md - Radiology and oncology (journal): Radiology and Oncology is a Slovenian open access journal covering cancer imaging, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and clinical and experimental oncology. It is read by radiologists and oncologists, particularly in central and south-east Europe. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiology-and-oncology.md - Radiology. Imaging cancer (journal): Radiology: Imaging Cancer is the Radiological Society of North America's journal dedicated to imaging in cancer. Radiologists and oncologists read it for work on detection, staging and response assessment. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiology-imaging-cancer.md - Radiotherapy and Oncology (journal): ESTRO's journal, known as the Green Journal: European radiotherapy trials, contouring guidelines, physics and the evidence base for hypofractionation and proton therapy. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/radiotherapy-and-oncology.md - Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery (journal): Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery is a Bentham Science review journal that tracks patented advances in cancer drug development. It is read by medicinal chemists and pharmacologists working on new cancer treatments. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/recent-patents-on-anti-cancer-drug-discovery.md - Recent results in cancer research (journal): Recent Results in Cancer Research is a Springer book series, indexed like a journal, in which each volume is a monograph or edited collection on one cancer topic. Clinicians and researchers use it for in-depth reviews. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/recent-results-in-cancer-research.md - Science (journal): Science is the AAAS flagship and Nature's main rival. It is home to landmark cancer papers on mismatch repair and immunotherapy, cancer genome sequencing, liquid biopsy and the microbiome. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/science.md - Science Translational Medicine (journal): Science Translational Medicine is AAAS's translational journal, publishing the bench-to-bedside cancer papers on liquid biopsy, CAR-T engineering, tumour-immune biology and new imaging agents. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/science-translational-medicine.md - Seminars in cancer biology (journal): Seminars in Cancer Biology is an Elsevier review journal in which each issue is a themed collection of expert reviews on one area of cancer biology. Cancer researchers use it to get up to speed on a field. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seminars-in-cancer-biology.md - Seminars in oncology (journal): Seminars in Oncology is a long-established American review journal that publishes themed issues on clinical cancer topics. Oncologists read it for expert overviews of treatment areas. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seminars-in-oncology.md - Seminars in oncology nursing (journal): Seminars in Oncology Nursing is an Elsevier review journal for cancer nurses. Each issue gathers articles on one theme in the nursing care of people with cancer. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seminars-in-oncology-nursing.md - Seminars in radiation oncology (journal): Seminars in Radiation Oncology is a quarterly Elsevier review journal for radiation oncologists, medical physicists and radiobiologists. Every issue is devoted to a single topic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/seminars-in-radiation-oncology.md - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie (journal): Strahlentherapie und Onkologie is the German radiation oncology journal, now published in English by Springer. It carries original research, reviews and society communications for radiation oncologists, radiobiologists and physicists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/strahlentherapie-und-onkologie.md - Supportive care in cancer (journal): Supportive Care in Cancer is the MASCC journal on managing symptoms and side effects across the cancer journey. It is read by oncologists, nurses, palliative care teams and researchers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/supportive-care-in-cancer.md - Surgical oncology (journal): Surgical Oncology is an Elsevier journal of cancer surgery research, read by surgical oncologists and the multidisciplinary teams they work with. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surgical-oncology.md - Surgical oncology clinics of North America (journal): Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America is one of Elsevier's Clinics review series. Each quarterly issue is a guest-edited set of reviews on one surgical oncology topic. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/surgical-oncology-clinics-of-north-america.md - Targeted oncology (journal): Targeted Oncology is a Springer (Adis) journal about drugs aimed at specific molecular targets, including checkpoint inhibitors. It is read by oncologists and pharmacologists following new agents and pathways. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/targeted-oncology.md - Technology in cancer research & treatment (journal): Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment is an open access SAGE journal on technologies used to diagnose and treat cancer, from imaging and radiotherapy physics to computational methods. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/technology-in-cancer-research-and-treatment.md - The Breast (journal): The Breast is the European Society of Mastology's open access journal on breast disease and breast cancer, covering surgery, oncology, screening and survivorship. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/the-breast.md - The breast journal (journal): The Breast Journal is a US-founded journal on breast disease and breast cancer, now a fully open access Wiley title, read by breast surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and pathologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/the-breast-journal.md - The cancer journal (journal): The Cancer Journal is a bimonthly review journal from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, edited by Vincent DeVita, Theodore Lawrence and Steven Rosenberg, with each issue focused on one clinical theme. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/the-cancer-journal.md - The Gulf journal of oncology (journal): The Gulf Journal of Oncology is the journal of the Gulf Federation for Cancer Control in Kuwait, publishing cancer research and news from the Gulf and wider Arab region three times a year. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/gulf-journal-of-oncology.md - The International journal of biological markers (journal): The International Journal of Biological Markers is an open access SAGE journal on tumour markers and other biomarkers used in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/international-journal-of-biological-markers.md - The Lancet (journal): The Lancet is Britain's leading general medical journal and the other main home of practice-changing cancer trials, with a stronger global-health and policy voice than NEJM. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lancet.md - The Lancet Digital Health (journal): The Lancet's open-access digital-health journal: AI diagnostics, pathology and radiology algorithms, prediction models and the reporting standards for them. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lancet-digital-health.md - The Lancet Global Health (journal): The Lancet's open-access global-health journal: where the numbers on cancer burden, survival gaps and treatment access in low- and middle-income countries are published. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lancet-global-health.md - The Lancet Haematology (journal): The Lancet Haematology is the Lancet's haematology journal, publishing phase 2 and 3 trials in leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma, transplant studies and global-access commentary on blood cancers. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lancet-haematology.md - The Lancet Oncology (journal): The Lancet Oncology is the leading specialist cancer journal for clinical trials. It publishes phase 2 and 3 trials, long-term follow-up, quality-of-life analyses and global-oncology policy Commissions. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/lancet-oncology.md - The oncologist (journal): The Oncologist is a fully open access monthly journal from Oxford University Press and the Society for Translational Oncology, aimed at translating research into better multidimensional care for cancer patients. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/the-oncologist.md - Thoracic cancer (journal): Thoracic Cancer is an open access Wiley journal on lung and other chest cancers, produced with the Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute and the China Lung Oncology Group since 2010. It is indexed in MEDLINE, online only since 2014, and its authors and readers are mainly Chinese and Asia-Pacific thoracic oncologists. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/thoracic-cancer.md - Trends in cancer (journal): Trends in Cancer is the Cell Press Trends-series title for cancer, a monthly online journal read by cancer biologists and translational researchers who want an overview of where the field is moving. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/trends-in-cancer.md - Tumori (journal): Tumori Journal is Italy's long-running oncology journal, founded in 1911 in Milan and now published in English by SAGE for the Italian cancer research community. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumori.md - Tumour biology (journal): Tumour Biology is the open access journal of the International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers, covering tumour markers, cancer biology and their clinical use. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-biology.md - Tumour virus research (journal): Tumour Virus Research is an open access Elsevier journal on viruses that cause cancer, such as HPV, EBV, hepatitis viruses and KSHV. It grew out of Papillomavirus Research in 2021. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/tumour-virus-research.md - Urologic oncology (journal): Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations is an Elsevier journal on prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular and penile cancers, mixing topical seminar sections with original research. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/urologic-oncology.md - Veterinary and comparative oncology (journal): Veterinary and Comparative Oncology is the Wiley journal of the veterinary cancer societies, covering cancer in companion animals and what it can teach about human disease. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/veterinary-and-comparative-oncology.md - World journal of surgical oncology (journal): World Journal of Surgical Oncology is a fully open access BMC journal for surgical oncologists, publishing original research, case reports and reviews across the whole continuum of cancer care. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/world-journal-of-surgical-oncology.md - Zhongguo fei ai za zhi (journal): The Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is a monthly open access journal from Tianjin publishing Chinese and English research on lung cancer, from basic biology to surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and nursing. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chinese-journal-of-lung-cancer.md - Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi (journal): The Chinese Journal of Oncology is the Chinese Medical Association's oncology journal, published in Chinese from Beijing since 1979 and indexed in MEDLINE. https://onco.cc/api/v1/context/chinese-journal-of-oncology.md