OnCo
ideasIdea

Multi-arm, multi-stage trials to answer which order to give approved drugs

Several drugs are approved for the same cancer, but nobody tests which order works best because no company benefits from the answer. Public multi-arm trials could settle these questions efficiently.

Cooperative groups run multi-arm multi-stage (MAMS) trials comparing sequences of already-approved agents (e.g., ADC then checkpoint inhibitor versus the reverse; endocrine-CDK4/6 sequencing; TKI order in RCC), with interim futility dropping of arms and OS or TTF across the sequence as the primary endpoint. Drug supply comes from companies under a neutral-access agreement; funding from payers and public agencies who bear the cost of wrong sequences.

Hypothesis
Sequencing MAMS trials will identify orderings that improve OS or reduce cost by a clinically meaningful margin in at least half of the indications tested.
Rationale
Sequencing decisions currently rest on cross-trial inference and marketing. STAMPEDE showed MAMS can answer several questions in one structure; payers have a direct incentive to fund it.
What would test it
Launch one sequencing MAMS in a cancer with three or more approved second-line options and report the first interim arm decisions within three years.
Maturity
early clinical
Who has to act
research
Cost to try
Large (over $50M)
Years to first evidence
5
Bottlenecks it attacks

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