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Newest first, 600 records across 1 days. Additions list the fields the new record carries; edits show each changed field. Values are the source text, trimmed. Generated 2026-09-09 from the last 200 commits to src/data/.
2026-09-09
Field Before After tldrThe payload class behind Enhertu, Trodelvy and Dato-DXd: poisons that trap the enzyme that untwists DNA, so dividing cells break their own DNA. Topoisomerase-I inhibitor payloads are the payload class behind Enhertu, Trodelvy and Dato-DXd: poisons that trap the enzyme that untwists DNA, so dividing cells break their own DNA. Field Before After tldrThe first generation of modern ADC payloads: drugs that jam the cell's scaffolding so it cannot divide. Nerve and eye side effects are typical. Tubulin inhibitor payloads were the first generation of modern ADC payloads: drugs that jam the cell's scaffolding so it cannot divide. Nerve and eye side effects are typical. Field Before After tldrPicomolar DNA crosslinkers: enormously potent, so ADCs carry very little, but the narrow safety margin has sunk most programmes. PBD dimers are picomolar DNA crosslinkers: enormously potent, so ADCs carry very little, but the narrow safety margin has sunk most programmes. Field Before After tldrNatural products that cut both strands of DNA. Used in the two oldest approved ADCs, both for leukaemias. DNA cleaver payloads are natural products that cut both strands of DNA. They are used in the two oldest approved ADCs, both for leukaemias. Field Before After tldrPayloads that chemically damage DNA regardless of whether the cell is dividing, aimed at slow-growing and resistant tumours. DNA alkylator payloads chemically damage DNA regardless of whether the cell is dividing, and are aimed at slow-growing and resistant tumours. Field Before After burdenAbout 10-15% of breast cancers, ~200,000 cases per year worldwide; more common in younger women, Black women, and BRCA1 carriers. TNBC accounts for about 10-15% of breast cancers, roughly 200,000 cases per year worldwide, and is more common in younger women, Black women, and BRCA1 carriers. Field Before After tldrThe most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. Treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs. HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs. Field Before After tldrOnce the most aggressive subtype, now one of the most treatable thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu. HER2-positive breast cancer was once the most aggressive subtype and is now one of the most treatable, thanks to trastuzumab and, more recently, Enhertu. Field Before After tldrThe biggest cancer killer, and the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Non-small-cell lung cancer is the biggest cancer killer, and the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Field Before After burden~500,000 cases per year; 5-year survival ~13%; projected second-leading cancer killer in the US by 2030. Pancreatic cancer causes about 500,000 cases per year with 5-year survival of about 13%, and is projected to be the second-leading cancer killer in the US by 2030. tldrThe deadliest common cancer. Almost every tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it are in pivotal trials. Pancreatic cancer is the deadliest common cancer. Almost every tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it are in pivotal trials. Field Before After tldrTwo different diseases sharing an organ. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026. "Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now ... Field Before After tldrThe home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype. Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype. Field Before After burden~330,000 cases per year; incidence rising in fair-skinned populations. Melanoma causes about 330,000 cases per year, and incidence is rising in fair-skinned populations. Field Before After burden~300,000 CNS tumours per year; glioblastoma median survival ~15 months. About 300,000 CNS tumours occur per year; glioblastoma median survival is about 15 months. tldrThe most lethal brain tumour, barely improved since 2005. Low-grade IDH-mutant gliomas, by contrast, got their first targeted drug in 2024. Glioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumour, barely improved since 2005. Low-grade IDH-mutant gliomas, by contrast, got their first targeted drug in 2024. Field Before After tldrDozens of rare cancers of bone and connective tissue. GIST was the first solid tumour cured-in-practice by a targeted pill; synovial sarcoma got the first TCR-T therapy. Sarcomas are dozens of rare cancers of bone and connective tissue. GIST was the first solid tumour cured-in-practice by a targeted pill; synovial sarcoma got the first TCR-T therapy. Field Before After tldrUsually curable with surgery and radioactive iodine, the original theranostic. Rare aggressive forms respond to RET and BRAF inhibitors. Thyroid cancer is usually curable with surgery and radioactive iodine, the original theranostic. Rare aggressive forms respond to RET and BRAF inhibitors. Field Before After tldrA childhood nerve-cell cancer where anti-GD2 antibodies and, recently, GD2 CAR-T have improved survival in high-risk disease. Neuroblastoma is a childhood nerve-cell cancer where anti-GD2 antibodies and, recently, GD2 CAR-T have improved survival in high-risk disease. Field Before After tldrAn aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived. Acute myeloid leukaemia is an aggressive blood cancer where, after 40 years of the same chemotherapy, a wave of targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, BCL-2, menin) arrived. Field Before After tldrThe childhood cancer success story, and the first disease treated with CAR-T and with a T-cell engager. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the childhood cancer success story, and was the first disease treated with CAR-T and with a T-cell engager. Field Before After tldrAn aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved. Field Before After tldrA plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC. Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC. Field Before After tldrOne of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab. Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab. Field Before After tldrThe master list of clinical trials. Every trial on this site links to its record. ClinicalTrials.gov is the master list of clinical trials. Every trial on this site links to its record. Field Before After tldrAn open, Wikipedia-style database of what cancer mutations mean for treatment. CIViC is an open, Wikipedia-style database of what cancer mutations mean for treatment. Field Before After tldrBrowse the mutations, copy number, and expression of tens of thousands of tumours without writing code. cBioPortal lets you browse the mutations, copy number, and expression of tens of thousands of tumours without writing code. Field Before After tldrScores how strongly each gene is linked to each disease, with the evidence behind it. Open Targets scores how strongly each gene is linked to each disease, with the evidence behind it. Field Before After tldrThe encyclopaedia of cancer mutations, including the definitive list of cancer genes. COSMIC is the encyclopaedia of cancer mutations, including the definitive list of cancer genes. summaryCancer Gene Census (~750 genes), mutational signatures, cell line project. COSMIC includes the Cancer Gene Census (~750 genes), mutational signatures and the cell line project. Field Before After tldrChemistry and mechanism for every drug and most tool compounds. DrugBank and ChEMBL hold the chemistry and mechanism of every drug and most tool compounds. Field Before After tldrEvery protein anyone has tried to drug, and what they tried. The Therapeutic Target Database lists every protein anyone has tried to drug, and what they tried. Field Before After tldrWhere to track the hundreds of ADCs in trials, with target, payload, and linker. ADCdb and ADC Review are where to track the hundreds of ADCs in trials, with target, payload, and linker. Field Before After summaryCategory of evidence and preference rankings; patient versions available. NCCN Guidelines give a category of evidence and preference ranking for each option; patient versions are available. Field Before After tldrEurope's treatment algorithms plus a score for how much each new drug actually helps. The ESMO guidelines are Europe's treatment algorithms, and the ESMO-MCBS scores how much each new drug actually helps. Field Before After tldrThe official record of what is approved for what. The FDA's oncology approval notifications are the official record of what is approved for what. Field Before After tldrHow many people get each cancer and how long they live, by stage, age, race, and year. SEER records how many people in the US get each cancer and how long they live, by stage, age, race, and year. Field Before After tldrThe world's cancer numbers. GLOBOCAN is the world's cancer numbers: incidence and mortality estimates for 185 countries and 36 cancers. summaryCancer Today, Cancer Tomorrow (projections), Cancer Over Time. GLOBOCAN offers Cancer Today, Cancer Tomorrow (projections) and Cancer Over Time. Field Before After tldrThe most reliable free, plain-language explanation of each cancer's treatment. The NCI's PDQ summaries are the most reliable free, plain-language explanation of each cancer's treatment. Field Before After tldrReal-world tumour sequencing data shared by leading cancer centres. AACR Project GENIE is real-world tumour sequencing data shared by leading cancer centres. Field Before After tldrWhere in the body each protein is found, which tells you whether an ADC target is safe. The Human Protein Atlas shows where in the body each protein is found, which tells you whether an ADC target is safe. Field Before After tldrThe proteins, not just the genes, of thousands of tumours. CPTAC measures the proteins, not just the genes, of thousands of tumours. Field Before After tldrSingle-cell data from healthy and diseased tissue, browsable and downloadable. CELLxGENE and the Human Cell Atlas hold single-cell data from healthy and diseased tissue, browsable and downloadable. Field Before After tldrThe searchable index of the biomedical literature; every claim here should trace back to something in it. PubMed and Europe PMC together form the searchable index of the biomedical literature; every claim here should trace back to something in them. Field Before After tldrEurope's trial registry. The EU Clinical Trials Register and CTIS are Europe's trial registry, complementing ClinicalTrials.gov for EU-only studies. Field Before After tldrThe most-cited global hospital ranking for cancer care. Used as one input to OnCo's institution table. The Newsweek/Statista ranking is the most-cited global hospital ranking for cancer care. OnCo uses it as one input to its institution table. Field Before After tldrWhich institutions publish the most top-tier research; the best public proxy for university output in cancer science. The Nature Index shows which institutions publish the most top-tier research. It is the best public proxy for university output in cancer science. Field Before After tldrA bibliometric ranking of institutions specifically in oncology. SCImago publishes a bibliometric ranking of institutions specifically in oncology. Field Before After tldrThe US government's list of the cancer centres that meet its research and care standards. NCI-designated cancer centres are the US government's list of the cancer centres that meet its research and care standards. Field Before After tldrMaker of Keytruda, the world's best-selling cancer drug, now building the next act around TROP2 ADCs and personalised vaccines. Merck & Co. (MSD) makes Keytruda, the world's best-selling cancer drug, and is now building the next act around TROP2 ADCs and personalised vaccines. Field Before After tldrThe most ADC-committed large pharma, co-owner of Enhertu and Datroway, with deep targeted-therapy and radiopharma bets. AstraZeneca is the most ADC-committed large pharma, co-owner of Enhertu and Datroway, with deep targeted-therapy and radiopharma bets. summary"Oncology revenue >$20B. ADCs (T-DXd, Dato-DXd with Daiichi Sankyo; AZD0901 CLDN18.2; puxitatug samrotecan B7-H4; tilatamig samrotecan EGFR×MET bsADC), osimertinib, olaparib, capivasertib, durvalumab, camizestrant, sa... "AstraZeneca's oncology revenue exceeds $20B. ADCs (T-DXd, Dato-DXd with Daiichi Sankyo; AZD0901 CLDN18.2; puxitatug samrotecan B7-H4; tilatamig samrotecan EGFR×MET bsADC), osimertinib, olaparib, capivasertib, durvalu... Field Before After tldrThe Japanese company whose DXd payload technology created the best ADC platform in the industry. Daiichi Sankyo is the Japanese company whose DXd payload technology created the best ADC platform in the industry. Field Before After tldrOwner of Trodelvy (via the $21B Immunomedics deal) and the Kite CAR-T franchise. Gilead owns Trodelvy (via the $21B Immunomedics deal) and the Kite CAR-T franchise. Field Before After tldrLeader in multiple myeloma (Darzalex, Carvykti, Tecvayli, Talvey) and in bispecific antibodies for lung cancer (Rybrevant). Johnson & Johnson leads in multiple myeloma (Darzalex, Carvykti, Tecvayli, Talvey) and in bispecific antibodies for lung cancer (Rybrevant). Field Before After tldrOwner of Venclexta and Elahere, and the buyer of Capstan, the leading in vivo CAR-T company. AbbVie owns Venclexta and Elahere, and bought Capstan, the leading in vivo CAR-T company. Field Before After tldrInventor of the BiTE T-cell engager format and the first KRAS inhibitor. Amgen invented the BiTE T-cell engager format and the first KRAS inhibitor. Field Before After tldrMaker of Verzenio and Retevmo, and of the oral SERD imlunestrant and the BTK inhibitor pirtobrutinib. Eli Lilly makes Verzenio and Retevmo, as well as the oral SERD imlunestrant and the BTK inhibitor pirtobrutinib. Field Before After tldrMaker of Jemperli, Zejula, and the twice-approved myeloma ADC Blenrep. GSK makes Jemperli, Zejula, and the twice-approved myeloma ADC Blenrep. Field Before After tldrOwner of Xofigo, the only approved alpha emitter, and developer of next-generation actinium PSMA agents. Bayer owns Xofigo, the only approved alpha emitter, and is developing next-generation actinium PSMA agents. Field Before After tldrCo-owner of Padcev and maker of Vyloy, the first Claudin 18.2 drug. Astellas co-owns Padcev and makes Vyloy, the first Claudin 18.2 drug. Field Before After tldrCo-owner of Adcetris outside the US and developer of STING-agonist conjugates and CAR-NK cells. Takeda co-owns Adcetris outside the US and is developing STING-agonist conjugates and CAR-NK cells. Field Before After tldrMaker of Sarclisa (isatuximab), now in a subcutaneous form approved July 2026. Sanofi makes Sarclisa (isatuximab), now in a subcutaneous form approved in July 2026. Field Before After tldrMaker of Libtayo and a large portfolio of CD3 bispecifics (odronextamab, linvoseltamab). Regeneron makes Libtayo and has a large portfolio of CD3 bispecifics (odronextamab, linvoseltamab). Field Before After tldrPrivate French pharma that brought vorasidenib, the first low-grade glioma drug, to market. Servier is the private French pharma that brought vorasidenib, the first low-grade glioma drug, to market. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of iza-bren, the first bispecific ADC to win a phase 3 trial. SystImmune developed iza-bren, the first bispecific ADC to win a phase 3 trial. Field Before After tldrHolds Western rights to ivonescimab and is running the global HARMONi trials. Summit Therapeutics holds Western rights to ivonescimab and is running the global HARMONi trials. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of Zynlonta and the PBD-payload ADC platform. ADC Therapeutics developed Zynlonta and the PBD-payload ADC platform. Field Before After tldrInventor of zanidatamab and a hydrophilic TOP1 ADC platform (ZW191 FRα, ZW251 GPC3). Zymeworks invented zanidatamab and a hydrophilic TOP1 ADC platform (ZW191 FRα, ZW251 GPC3). Field Before After tldrCommercialises zanidatamab (Ziihera) outside Asia. Jazz Pharmaceuticals commercialises zanidatamab (Ziihera) outside Asia. Field Before After tldrMaker of Brukinsa, the leading BTK inhibitor, and of tislelizumab; Asia partner for zanidatamab. BeOne Medicines makes Brukinsa, the leading BTK inhibitor, and tislelizumab, and is the Asia partner for zanidatamab. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of disitamab vedotin, China's first domestic ADC. RemeGen developed disitamab vedotin, China's first domestic ADC. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of the TMALIN ADC linker platform licensed to Zai Lab, BioNTech, and Roche. MediLink developed the TMALIN ADC linker platform, licensed to Zai Lab, BioNTech, and Roche. Field Before After tldrIn-licenser of Chinese assets including the Nectin-4×TROP2 bispecific ADC AVZO-103 and a CDK2 inhibitor. Avenzo in-licenses Chinese assets, including the Nectin-4×TROP2 bispecific ADC AVZO-103 and a CDK2 inhibitor. Field Before After tldrDanish antibody engineering company behind the DuoBody platform, Tivdak, Epkinly, and (via ProfoundBio) rinatabart sesutecan. Genmab is the Danish antibody engineering company behind the DuoBody platform, Tivdak, Epkinly, and (via ProfoundBio) rinatabart sesutecan. Field Before After tldrThe leading RAS company, with daraxonrasib in phase 3 for pancreatic cancer. Revolution Medicines is the leading RAS company, with daraxonrasib in phase 3 for pancreatic cancer. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of gedatolisib, approved July 2026 for hormone-positive breast cancer. Celcuity developed gedatolisib, approved in July 2026 for hormone-positive breast cancer. Field Before After tldrPrivate Italian pharma that commercialises the first oral SERD, elacestrant. Menarini is the private Italian pharma that commercialises the first oral SERD, elacestrant. Field Before After tldrCortisol-modulation company whose relacorilant was approved in ovarian cancer in 2026. Corcept is a cortisol-modulation company whose relacorilant was approved in ovarian cancer in 2026. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of the first menin inhibitor, revumenib. Syndax developed the first menin inhibitor, revumenib. Field Before After tldrmRNA company whose personalised cancer vaccine intismeran won the first phase 3 in the class (August 2026). Moderna is the mRNA company whose personalised cancer vaccine intismeran won the first phase 3 in the class (August 2026). Field Before After tldrMaker of Amtagvi, the first approved TIL therapy. Iovance makes Amtagvi, the first approved TIL therapy. Field Before After tldrChinese-origin developer of Carvykti, the most effective myeloma CAR-T, with J&J. Legend Biotech is the Chinese-origin developer of Carvykti, the most effective myeloma CAR-T, with J&J. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of satri-cel, the first CAR-T approved for a solid tumour (gastric cancer, China). CARsgen Therapeutics developed satri-cel, the first CAR-T approved for a solid tumour (gastric cancer, China). Field Before After tldrDeveloper of Tecelra, the first TCR-T for a solid tumour; sold US rights to US WorldMeds in 2025 amid financial distress. Adaptimmune developed Tecelra, the first TCR-T for a solid tumour, and sold the US rights to US WorldMeds in 2025 amid financial distress. Field Before After tldrMaker of Pylarify, the leading PSMA PET agent, with a new TruVu formulation approved March 2026. Lantheus makes Pylarify, the leading PSMA PET agent, with a new TruVu formulation approved in March 2026. Field Before After tldrAustralian theranostics company behind Illuccix and Gozellix PSMA imaging and a broad therapeutic pipeline. Telix is the Australian theranostics company behind Illuccix and Gozellix PSMA imaging and a broad therapeutic pipeline. Field Before After tldrActinium-225 radiopharma company bought by BMS for $4.1B; RYZ101 in phase 3. RayzeBio is the actinium-225 radiopharma company that BMS bought for $4.1B; its RYZ101 is in phase 3. Field Before After tldrThe largest non-carrier-added lutetium-177 supplier and developer of ITM-11 (177Lu-edotreotide). ITM is the largest non-carrier-added lutetium-177 supplier and the developer of ITM-11 (177Lu-edotreotide). summaryn.c.a. 177Lu (EndolucinBeta), ITM-11 (COMPETE phase 3 positive in GEP-NETs, 2025), 225Ac supply investments. ITM supplies non-carrier-added 177Lu (EndolucinBeta), developed ITM-11 (COMPETE phase 3 positive in GEP-NETs, 2025), and is investing in 225Ac supply. Field Before After tldrThe leading lead-212 producer and developer of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE (AlphaMedix). Orano Med is the leading lead-212 producer and the developer of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE (AlphaMedix). Field Before After tldrMaker of Signatera, the dominant tumour-informed MRD test. Natera makes Signatera, the dominant tumour-informed MRD test. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of Galleri, the multi-cancer blood test awaiting an FDA decision after a September 2026 advisory committee. GRAIL developed Galleri, the multi-cancer blood test awaiting an FDA decision after a September 2026 advisory committee. Field Before After tldrMaker of Cologuard and Oncotype DX, launching Cancerguard MCED and Oncodetect MRD; being acquired by Abbott for $21B. Exact Sciences makes Cologuard and Oncotype DX and is launching Cancerguard MCED and Oncodetect MRD; it is being acquired by Abbott for $21B. Field Before After summaryxT (648-gene), xR (RNA), xF/xM (liquid, MRD), TIME trial matching, Tempus ECG-AF and other algorithms; Ambry Genetics (germline). Tempus sells xT (648-gene), xR (RNA), xF/xM (liquid, MRD), TIME trial matching, Tempus ECG-AF and other algorithms, and owns Ambry Genetics (germline). Field Before After tldrIntegrates genomic, transcriptomic, and immune microenvironment analysis into a 'Tumor Portrait'. BostonGene integrates genomic, transcriptomic, and immune microenvironment analysis into a 'Tumor Portrait'. Field Before After tldrThe dominant DNA sequencing platform underneath nearly every genomic test in oncology. Illumina is the dominant DNA sequencing platform underneath nearly every genomic test in oncology. Field Before After tldrAI pathology platform (AISight) and biomarker quantification for pharma trials. PathAI runs the AISight AI pathology platform and quantifies biomarkers for pharma trials. Field Before After tldrMaker of Optune tumour treating fields, approved in glioblastoma, lung, mesothelioma, and (2026) pancreatic cancer. Novocure makes Optune tumour treating fields, approved in glioblastoma, lung, mesothelioma, and (2026) pancreatic cancer. Field Before After tldrMaker of the da Vinci robot, used in most robotic cancer surgeries worldwide. Intuitive Surgical makes the da Vinci robot, used in most robotic cancer surgeries worldwide. summaryda Vinci 5, SP single-port, Ion bronchoscopy for lung nodule biopsy; >10,000 systems installed. Intuitive's systems are da Vinci 5, the SP single-port robot, and Ion bronchoscopy for lung nodule biopsy, with more than 10,000 systems installed. Field Before After tldrThe largest radiotherapy equipment maker, running the first human FLASH proton trials. Varian is the largest radiotherapy equipment maker and is running the first human FLASH proton trials. Field Before After tldrSwedish radiotherapy company behind Unity, the leading MR-linac, and Gamma Knife. Elekta is the Swedish radiotherapy company behind Unity, the leading MR-linac, and Gamma Knife. Field Before After tldrMaker of the first PET-guided radiotherapy system, using the tumour's own emissions to steer the beam. RefleXion Medical makes the first PET-guided radiotherapy system, which uses the tumour's own emissions to steer the beam. Field Before After tldrThe largest proton therapy equipment supplier. IBA is the largest supplier of proton therapy equipment. Field Before After tldrMaker of compact single-room proton therapy systems. Mevion makes compact single-room proton therapy systems. Field Before After tldrMajor maker of PET/CT, MRI, and CT scanners, and of PET tracers via Pharmaceutical Diagnostics. GE HealthCare is a major maker of PET/CT, MRI, and CT scanners, and of PET tracers via Pharmaceutical Diagnostics. Field Before After tldrMaker of the Biograph Vision Quadra total-body PET, photon-counting CT, and owner of Varian. Siemens Healthineers makes the Biograph Vision Quadra total-body PET and photon-counting CT, and owns Varian. Field Before After summaryuEXPLORER (194 cm axial FOV, 40x sensitivity), uMI Panorama, growing US presence. United Imaging makes the uEXPLORER (194 cm axial FOV, 40x sensitivity) and uMI Panorama PET scanners and has a growing US presence. Field Before After tldrPrivate Swiss developer of the WEE1 inhibitor zedoresertib (Debio 0123) and dual-payload ADC research. Debiopharm is the private Swiss developer of the WEE1 inhibitor zedoresertib (Debio 0123) and of dual-payload ADC research. Field Before After tldrEarly-stage company building a personalised cancer vaccine platform that redesigns the vaccine as the tumour evolves. Serova is an early-stage company building a personalised cancer vaccine platform that redesigns the vaccine as the tumour evolves. Field Before After tldr2025 start-up focused on precise p53-pathway activation for solid tumours. Bulsara Bioworks is a 2025 start-up focused on precise p53-pathway activation for solid tumours. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of CID-078, the first oral cyclin A/B RxL inhibitor, aimed at cancers with a broken G1/S checkpoint such as small-cell lung and triple-negative breast cancer. Circle Pharma is developing CID-078, the first oral cyclin A/B RxL inhibitor, aimed at cancers with a broken G1/S checkpoint such as small-cell lung and triple-negative breast cancer. Field Before After tldrPatient-centred multi-omic profiling service: whole genome, bulk and single-cell RNA, spatial transcriptomics, high-plex protein, and ctDNA on one tumour. Valius is a patient-centred multi-omic profiling service that runs whole genome, bulk and single-cell RNA, spatial transcriptomics, high-plex protein, and ctDNA on one tumour. Field Before After tldrCross-border telemedicine company delivering expert second opinions from leading specialists for serious illness including cancer. MORE Health is a cross-border telemedicine company delivering expert second opinions from leading specialists for serious illness including cancer. Field Before After summary"Founded by three Oxford PhDs (Jeff Liu, Li-Yao Huang, Steven Lin). The pitch: swap the guide sequence and the same drug becomes a new drug, unlocking 'undruggable' drivers such as MYC, TP53, and APC at the DNA level ... "Founded by three Oxford PhDs (Jeff Liu, Li-Yao Huang, Steven Lin). The pitch: swap the guide sequence and the same drug becomes a new drug, unlocking 'undruggable' drivers such as MYC, TP53, and APC at the DNA level ... Field Before After summary"Largest Hong Kong biotech IPO of 2025 (HKD 2.28B). Pipeline of 31 nominated candidates with 13 IND clearances; oncology assets include ISM6166 (pan-KRAS) and ISM6331 (pan-TEAD, phase 1 data at ESMO 2026 in mesothelio... "Insilico's 2025 listing was the largest Hong Kong biotech IPO of the year (HKD 2.28B). Pipeline of 31 nominated candidates with 13 IND clearances; oncology assets include ISM6166 (pan-KRAS) and ISM6331 (pan-TEAD, pha... Field Before After tldrAI-first biotech (merged with Exscientia in 2024) with a clinical oncology pipeline including an RBM39 degrader and a MEK inhibitor for familial adenomatous polyposis. Recursion is an AI-first biotech (merged with Exscientia in 2024) with a clinical oncology pipeline that includes an RBM39 degrader and a MEK inhibitor for familial adenomatous polyposis. Field Before After summary"IPO in early 2026 (~$400M). Oncology programmes: GB-4362, an MMAE neutraliser with FDA Fast Track for enfortumab vedotin toxicity in urothelial cancer (trial-in-progress at ESMO 2026), and GB-5267, a MUC16 CAR-T with... "Generate:Biomedicines went public in early 2026 (~$400M IPO). Oncology programmes: GB-4362, an MMAE neutraliser with FDA Fast Track for enfortumab vedotin toxicity in urothelial cancer (trial-in-progress at ESMO 2026... Field Before After tldrDeveloper, with Orano Med, of AlphaMedix (212Pb-DOTAMTATE), the first targeted alpha therapy to receive FDA Breakthrough designation. RadioMedix is developing AlphaMedix (212Pb-DOTAMTATE) with Orano Med, the first targeted alpha therapy to receive FDA Breakthrough designation. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of bexobrutideg, a brain-penetrant BTK degrader in pivotal trials for CLL, co-developed with Roche from June 2026. Nurix Therapeutics is developing bexobrutideg, a brain-penetrant BTK degrader in pivotal trials for CLL, co-developed with Roche from June 2026. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of oral multi-KRAS inhibitors biased to G12D (QTX3034) and G12V (QTX3544), with responses in pancreatic, colorectal, and endometrial cancer. Quanta Therapeutics develops oral multi-KRAS inhibitors biased to G12D (QTX3034) and G12V (QTX3544), with responses in pancreatic, colorectal, and endometrial cancer. Field Before After tldrHypoimmune cell-therapy company that suspended its oncology allogeneic CAR-T (SC262) in late 2025 and pivoted to type 1 diabetes and in vivo CAR-T (SG293). Sana Biotechnology is a hypoimmune cell-therapy company that suspended its oncology allogeneic CAR-T (SC262) in late 2025 and pivoted to type 1 diabetes and in vivo CAR-T (SG293). Field Before After tldriPSC-derived off-the-shelf CAR-T and CAR-NK company (FT819, FT522) with cancer and autoimmune programmes. Fate Therapeutics builds iPSC-derived off-the-shelf CAR-T and CAR-NK cells (FT819, FT522) for cancer and autoimmune disease. Field Before After tldrMaker of SimpleScreen CRC, the second FDA-approved blood test for colorectal cancer screening (July 2026), commercialised by Abbott. Freenome makes SimpleScreen CRC, the second FDA-approved blood test for colorectal cancer screening (July 2026), commercialised by Abbott. Field Before After tldrAntibody-engineering company (XmAb Fc technology) developing 2+1 T-cell engagers for kidney cancer (ENPP3) and ovarian/germ-cell tumours (CLDN6). Xencor is an antibody-engineering company (XmAb Fc technology) developing 2+1 T-cell engagers for kidney cancer (ENPP3) and ovarian/germ-cell tumours (CLDN6). Field Before After tldrUS radiopharmacy network running two phase 3 trials of the FAP PET tracer [18F]FAPI-74 in pancreatic and gastro-oesophageal cancer. SOFIE Biosciences is a US radiopharmacy network running two phase 3 trials of the FAP PET tracer [18F]FAPI-74 in pancreatic and gastro-oesophageal cancer. Field Before After tldrDeveloper of Nous-209, an off-the-shelf viral-vector vaccine encoding 209 shared frameshift neoantigens to intercept cancer in Lynch syndrome carriers. Nouscom is developing Nous-209, an off-the-shelf viral-vector vaccine encoding 209 shared frameshift neoantigens to intercept cancer in Lynch syndrome carriers. Field Before After tldrThe most successful ADC ever. It redefined HER2 by working in tumours with only tiny amounts of the protein, and in 2026 moved into early-stage breast cancer. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu) is the most successful ADC ever. It redefined HER2 by working in tumours with only tiny amounts of the protein, and in 2026 moved into early-stage breast cancer. Field Before After tldrThe second TROP2 ADC, sharing Enhertu's payload. In 2026 it became a first-line option for triple-negative breast cancer patients who cannot receive immunotherapy. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Datroway) is the second TROP2 ADC and shares Enhertu's payload. In 2026 it became a first-line option for triple-negative breast cancer patients who cannot receive immunotherapy. Field Before After tldrA third TROP2 ADC from China, licensed to Merck for a very large global programme. Approved in China; in the US it has a priority voucher but not yet approval. Sacituzumab tirumotecan is a third TROP2 ADC from China, licensed to Merck for a very large global programme. It is approved in China; in the US it has a priority voucher but not yet approval. Field Before After tldrThe first ADC for a solid tumour (2013). Still standard after surgery for HER2+ breast cancer patients whose tumour did not fully respond to pre-surgery treatment. Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla, T-DM1) was the first ADC for a solid tumour (2013). It is still standard after surgery for HER2+ breast cancer patients whose tumour did not fully respond to pre-surgery treatment. Field Before After tldrAn ADC against Nectin-4 that, combined with pembrolizumab, nearly doubled survival in advanced bladder cancer. Enfortumab vedotin is an ADC against Nectin-4 that, combined with pembrolizumab, nearly doubled survival in advanced bladder cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first ADC for ovarian cancer, for tumours with high folate receptor alpha. Mirvetuximab soravtansine (Elahere) is the first ADC for ovarian cancer, for tumours with high folate receptor alpha. Field Before After tldrAn ADC against tissue factor, the first to show a survival benefit in recurrent cervical cancer. Tisotumab vedotin is an ADC against tissue factor, the first to show a survival benefit in recurrent cervical cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first c-MET-directed ADC, approved in 2025 for lung cancer with high c-MET protein. Telisotuzumab vedotin (Emrelis) is the first c-MET-directed ADC, approved in 2025 for lung cancer with high c-MET protein. Field Before After tldrA CD19 ADC with a DNA-crosslinking payload for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. Loncastuximab tesirine (Zynlonta) is a CD19 ADC with a DNA-crosslinking payload for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma. Field Before After tldrThe very first ADC, approved in 2000, withdrawn in 2010 for toxicity, and re-approved in 2017 at a lower fractionated dose. A cautionary and instructive history. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) was the very first ADC: approved in 2000, withdrawn in 2010 for toxicity, and re-approved in 2017 at a lower fractionated dose. Its history is cautionary and instructive. Field Before After tldrThe first bispecific ADC to succeed in a phase 3 trial, hitting two growth receptors at once in triple-negative breast cancer. Izalontamab brengitecan is the first bispecific ADC to succeed in a phase 3 trial, hitting two growth receptors at once in triple-negative breast cancer. Field Before After tldrA B7-H3 ADC showing some of the best response rates ever seen in relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Ifinatamab deruxtecan is a B7-H3 ADC showing some of the best response rates ever seen in relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Field Before After tldrA CDH6 ADC in phase 3 for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Raludotatug deruxtecan is a CDH6 ADC in phase 3 for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Field Before After tldrAkeso's Nectin-4 × TROP2 bispecific ADC, combining the two most validated ADC addresses in one molecule. AK146D1 is Akeso's Nectin-4 × TROP2 bispecific ADC, combining the two most validated ADC addresses in one molecule. Field Before After tldrA Chinese HER2 ADC approved for gastric and bladder cancer, now in global trials with Pfizer. Disitamab vedotin is a Chinese HER2 ADC approved for gastric and bladder cancer, now in global trials with Pfizer. Field Before After tldrA ROR1-directed ADC in phase 3 for large B-cell lymphoma. Zilovertamab vedotin is a ROR1-directed ADC in phase 3 for large B-cell lymphoma. Field Before After tldrA Claudin 18.2 ADC in phase 3 for gastric cancer, licensed by AstraZeneca from KYM Biosciences. Sonesitatug vedotin is a Claudin 18.2 ADC in phase 3 for gastric cancer, licensed by AstraZeneca from KYM Biosciences. Field Before After tldrA B7-H4 ADC targeting a checkpoint-like protein enriched in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Puxitatug samrotecan is a B7-H4 ADC targeting a checkpoint-like protein enriched in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Field Before After tldrThe second PD-1 blocker, often combined with ipilimumab. Long-term data show about half of advanced melanoma patients alive at 10 years on the combination. Nivolumab was the second PD-1 blocker and is often combined with ipilimumab. Long-term data show about half of advanced melanoma patients alive at 10 years on the combination. Field Before After tldrThe first checkpoint inhibitor (2011), which proved the immune system could be unleashed against cancer. Ipilimumab was the first checkpoint inhibitor (2011), and proved the immune system could be unleashed against cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first drug targeting the LAG-3 immune brake, given with nivolumab for melanoma. Opdualag combines relatlimab, the first drug targeting the LAG-3 immune brake, with nivolumab for melanoma. Field Before After tldrA PD-1 blocker famous for making rectal cancer disappear without surgery in every patient with a mismatch-repair-deficient tumour. Dostarlimab is a PD-1 blocker famous for making rectal cancer disappear without surgery in every patient with a mismatch-repair-deficient tumour. Field Before After tldrThe first off-the-shelf bispecific for multiple myeloma, now approved after just one prior line of therapy. Teclistamab was the first off-the-shelf bispecific for multiple myeloma, and is now approved after just one prior line of therapy. Field Before After tldrA fixed-duration bispecific for large B-cell lymphoma, with OS benefit when combined with chemotherapy. Glofitamab is a fixed-duration bispecific for large B-cell lymphoma, with OS benefit when combined with chemotherapy. Field Before After tldrThe first T-cell engager (2014), now given to children and adults with leukaemia even when in remission, because it improves survival. Blinatumomab was the first T-cell engager (2014), and is now given to children and adults with leukaemia even when in remission, because it improves survival. Field Before After tldrAn antibody that grabs HER2 at two different spots, approved for HER2+ bile duct cancer. Zanidatamab (Ziihera) is an antibody that grabs HER2 at two different spots, approved for HER2+ bile duct cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first drug for cancers driven by NRG1 gene fusions, working by blocking HER3 from receiving its growth signal. Zenocutuzumab is the first drug for cancers driven by NRG1 gene fusions, working by blocking HER3 from receiving its growth signal. Field Before After tldrA one-time BCMA CAR-T for myeloma that, in CARTITUDE-4, cut the risk of death by about 45% compared with standard regimens. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel is a one-time BCMA CAR-T for myeloma that, in CARTITUDE-4, cut the risk of death by about 45% compared with standard regimens. Field Before After tldrThe first CAR-T therapy approved for a solid tumour (gastric cancer), in China. Satricabtagene autoleucel (satri-cel) is the first CAR-T therapy approved for a solid tumour (gastric cancer), in China. Field Before After tldrThe first approved TIL therapy: the patient's own tumour-fighting immune cells, expanded to billions and given back. Lifileucel was the first approved TIL therapy: the patient's own tumour-fighting immune cells are expanded to billions and given back. Field Before After tldrThe first engineered T-cell receptor therapy approved for a solid tumour, synovial sarcoma. Afamitresgene autoleucel was the first engineered T-cell receptor therapy approved for a solid tumour, synovial sarcoma. Field Before After tldrThe first modern radioligand therapy (2018), for neuroendocrine tumours, now used in first line. Lutetium-177 dotatate was the first modern radioligand therapy (2018), for neuroendocrine tumours, and is now used in first line. Field Before After tldrThe leading PSMA PET tracer for prostate cancer, with a new formulation approved in March 2026. Piflufolastat F-18 (Pylarify) is the leading PSMA PET tracer for prostate cancer, with a new formulation approved in March 2026. Field Before After tldrThe standard pill for EGFR-mutant lung cancer, now also given after surgery and with chemotherapy or after chemoradiation. Osimertinib (Tagrisso) is the standard pill for EGFR-mutant lung cancer, now also given after surgery and with chemotherapy or after chemoradiation. Field Before After tldrThe first drug to hit KRAS, approved in 2021 after four decades of failure. Sotorasib (Lumakras) was the first drug to hit KRAS, approved in 2021 after four decades of failure. Field Before After tldrThe second KRAS G12C inhibitor, with a long half-life and brain penetration, approved in lung and colorectal cancer. Adagrasib was the second KRAS G12C inhibitor, with a long half-life and brain penetration, and is approved in lung and colorectal cancer. Field Before After summary"Revolution Medicines' tri-complex inhibitor. Phase 1/2: median OS ~14.5 months in second-line pancreatic cancer versus historical ~6 months. RASolute 302 (second-line PDAC) supported FDA approval on 26 August 2026 as... "Daraxonrasib is Revolution Medicines' tri-complex inhibitor. Phase 1/2: median OS ~14.5 months in second-line pancreatic cancer versus historical ~6 months. RASolute 302 (second-line PDAC) supported FDA approval on 2... Field Before After tldrA BRAF inhibitor that, with cetuximab and chemotherapy, became first-line standard for BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer in 2026. Encorafenib is a BRAF inhibitor that, with cetuximab and chemotherapy, became first-line standard for BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer in 2026. Field Before After tldrA selective RET inhibitor approved for any tumour with a RET fusion, with a further label update in July 2026. Selpercatinib is a selective RET inhibitor approved for any tumour with a RET fusion, with a further label update in July 2026. Field Before After tldrThe first oral HER2 inhibitor for lung cancer with HER2 mutations, approved in 2025 and moved to first line in 2026. Zongertinib was the first oral HER2 inhibitor for lung cancer with HER2 mutations, approved in 2025 and moved to first line in 2026. Field Before After tldrThe first PARP inhibitor, which turned an inherited BRCA mutation from a risk factor into a drug target, including after surgery in breast cancer. Olaparib was the first PARP inhibitor, and turned an inherited BRCA mutation from a risk factor into a drug target, including after surgery in breast cancer. Field Before After tldrA PARP inhibitor approved as maintenance for ovarian cancer regardless of BRCA status, and in prostate cancer with abiraterone. Niraparib is a PARP inhibitor approved as maintenance for ovarian cancer regardless of BRCA status, and in prostate cancer with abiraterone. Field Before After tldrThe most potent PARP trapper, approved in BRCA breast cancer and with enzalutamide in prostate cancer. Talazoparib is the most potent PARP trapper, approved in BRCA breast cancer and with enzalutamide in prostate cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first CDK4/6 inhibitor (2015), and in 2026 the first approved as maintenance in HER2-positive, hormone-positive breast cancer. Palbociclib was the first CDK4/6 inhibitor (2015), and in 2026 became the first approved as maintenance in HER2-positive, hormone-positive breast cancer. Field Before After tldrThe CDK4/6 inhibitor with the most consistent survival benefit, approved for a broad population of early breast cancer patients since 2024. Ribociclib is the CDK4/6 inhibitor with the most consistent survival benefit, approved for a broad population of early breast cancer patients since 2024. Field Before After tldrThe first CDK4/6 inhibitor approved after surgery for high-risk hormone-positive breast cancer. Abemaciclib was the first CDK4/6 inhibitor approved after surgery for high-risk hormone-positive breast cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first AKT inhibitor, for breast cancer with PI3K-pathway mutations and, since 2026, for prostate cancer with PTEN loss. Capivasertib (Truqap) is the first AKT inhibitor, for breast cancer with PI3K-pathway mutations and, since 2026, for prostate cancer with PTEN loss. Field Before After tldrThe first PROTAC ever approved (2026): a pill that tags the oestrogen receptor for destruction, for breast cancers with ESR1 mutations. Vepdegestrant is the first PROTAC ever approved (2026): a pill that tags the oestrogen receptor for destruction, for breast cancers with ESR1 mutations. Field Before After tldrThe first oral oestrogen-receptor degrader (2023), for ESR1-mutant breast cancer detected by blood test. Elacestrant was the first oral oestrogen-receptor degrader (2023), for ESR1-mutant breast cancer detected by blood test. Field Before After tldrThe first HIF-2α inhibitor, born from Nobel-winning biology, now approved after kidney cancer surgery with pembrolizumab. Belzutifan is the first HIF-2α inhibitor, born from Nobel-winning biology, and is now approved after kidney cancer surgery with pembrolizumab. Field Before After tldrThe first menin inhibitor (2024), for acute leukaemias with KMT2A rearrangements or NPM1 mutations. Revumenib (Revuforj) is the first menin inhibitor (2024), for acute leukaemias with KMT2A rearrangements or NPM1 mutations. Field Before After summary"Moderna/Merck. Phase 2b KEYNOTE-942 showed 49% reduction in recurrence or death with pembrolizumab in resected melanoma. Phase 3 INTerpath-001 (1,137 patients, stage IIB-IV resected melanoma) met RFS and DMFS endpoin... "Intismeran is developed by Moderna and Merck. Phase 2b KEYNOTE-942 showed 49% reduction in recurrence or death with pembrolizumab in resected melanoma. Phase 3 INTerpath-001 (1,137 patients, stage IIB-IV resected mel... Field Before After tldrAn engineered herpes virus injected into melanoma tumours, approved in August 2026 with nivolumab after immunotherapy failure. Vusolimogene oderparepvec is an engineered herpes virus injected into melanoma tumours, approved in August 2026 with nivolumab after immunotherapy failure. Field Before After tldrThe first approved oncolytic virus (2015), injected into melanoma skin lesions. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC, Imlygic) was the first approved oncolytic virus (2015), injected into melanoma skin lesions. Field Before After tldrA wearable device delivering electric fields that disrupt cell division. Approved for glioblastoma and, in 2026, pancreatic cancer. Optune is a wearable device delivering electric fields that disrupt cell division. It is approved for glioblastoma and, in 2026, pancreatic cancer. Field Before After summary"GRAIL's methylation-based MCED. Available as an LDT since 2021 (~$949). PATHFINDER 2 (25,000+ participants) and NHS-Galleri (140,000 randomised) underpin the PMA submitted January 2026; FDA advisory committee 23 Sept... "Galleri is GRAIL's methylation-based MCED. Available as an LDT since 2021 (~$949). PATHFINDER 2 (25,000+ participants) and NHS-Galleri (140,000 randomised) underpin the PMA submitted January 2026; FDA advisory commit... Field Before After summaryGuardant Health. ECLIPSE: 83% sensitivity for CRC, 13% for advanced adenomas, 90% specificity. Medicare coverage. Shield MCD (multi-cancer) option added 2025 with Breakthrough designation. "Shield is Guardant Health's blood-based colorectal cancer screening test. ECLIPSE: 83% sensitivity for CRC, 13% for advanced adenomas, 90% specificity. Medicare coverage. Shield MCD (multi-cancer) option added 2025 w... Field Before After summary"Natera. Tracks 16 patient-specific variants. Medicare-covered in colorectal, breast, bladder, lung, ovarian, and immunotherapy monitoring. Used in interventional trials (CIRCULATE-US, ZEST in TNBC with niraparib, neg... "Signatera is Natera's tumour-informed MRD test and tracks 16 patient-specific variants. Medicare-covered in colorectal, breast, bladder, lung, ovarian, and immunotherapy monitoring. Used in interventional trials (CIR... Field Before After summaryFoundation Medicine (Roche). Reports mutations, CNVs, fusions, TMB, MSI, and (tissue) HRD-LOH. Companion diagnostic for >30 therapies including olaparib, capivasertib, T-DXd (HER2 in NSCLC), and selpercatinib. "FoundationOne CDx and Liquid CDx are Foundation Medicine's (Roche) comprehensive genomic profiling tests. They report mutations, CNVs, fusions, TMB, MSI, and (tissue) HRD-LOH. Companion diagnostic for >30 therapies i... Field Before After tldrA platinum chemotherapy that crosslinks DNA; part of the standard pre-surgery regimen for triple-negative breast cancer. Carboplatin is a platinum chemotherapy that crosslinks DNA; it is part of the standard pre-surgery regimen for triple-negative breast cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first drug against DLL3 in small-cell lung cancer. AbbVie bought it for $5.8B and abandoned it after two failed phase 3 trials. The target later worked with a different weapon. Rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T) was the first drug against DLL3 in small-cell lung cancer. AbbVie bought it for $5.8B and abandoned it after two failed phase 3 trials. The target later worked with a different weapon. Field Before After tldrA re-engineered interleukin-2 meant to be a safer version of a famous old immunotherapy. It added nothing to nivolumab in three phase 3 trials. Bempegaldesleukin was a re-engineered interleukin-2 meant to be a safer version of a famous old immunotherapy. It added nothing to nivolumab in three phase 3 trials. Field Before After tldrThe first STING agonist in the clinic. Injected directly into tumours, it produced almost no responses, alone or with checkpoint blockade. ADU-S100 was the first STING agonist in the clinic. Injected directly into tumours, it produced almost no responses, alone or with checkpoint blockade. Field Before After tldrA drug meant to refold mutant p53, the most common broken protein in cancer. Its phase 3 in blood cancer failed in 2020. Eprenetapopt (APR-246) was a drug meant to refold mutant p53, the most common broken protein in cancer. Its phase 3 in blood cancer failed in 2020. Field Before After tldrSanofi's ADC against the classic CEA tumour marker, stopped for futility in lung cancer in 2023. Tusamitamab ravtansine was Sanofi's ADC against the classic CEA tumour marker, stopped for futility in lung cancer in 2023. Field Before After tldrThe sister trial to the first immunotherapy success in breast cancer. It failed, and the approval it was meant to confirm was withdrawn. IMpassion131 was the sister trial to the first immunotherapy success in breast cancer. It failed, and the approval it was meant to confirm was withdrawn. Field Before After tldrA well-funded nonprofit research institute building 'virtual cell' AI models and the datasets to train them. The Arc Institute is a well-funded nonprofit research institute building 'virtual cell' AI models and the datasets to train them. Field Before After tldrA 51-hospital US health system whose 1.3 billion pathology tiles trained Prov-GigaPath with Microsoft. Providence is a 51-hospital US health system whose 1.3 billion pathology tiles trained Prov-GigaPath with Microsoft. Field Before After tldrBuilder of AlphaFold, AlphaMissense, AlphaGenome and Med-Gemini, the reference models for structure, variants, and medical multimodal reasoning. Google DeepMind built AlphaFold, AlphaMissense, AlphaGenome and Med-Gemini, the reference models for structure, variants, and medical multimodal reasoning. Field Before After tldrCo-developer of Prov-GigaPath, BiomedCLIP, and the Virchow2 compute partnership with Paige. Microsoft co-developed Prov-GigaPath and BiomedCLIP and is the compute partner for Paige's Virchow2. Field Before After tldrBerlin pathology AI company that built the Atlas foundation model with Mayo Clinic. Aignostics is the Berlin pathology AI company that built the Atlas foundation model with Mayo Clinic. Field Before After tldrReleased the open Hibou pathology foundation models. HistAI released the open Hibou pathology foundation models. Field Before After tldrFlagship Pioneering's 'scientific superintelligence' company: AI plus autonomous labs, with life science as a first domain. Lila Sciences is Flagship Pioneering's 'scientific superintelligence' company, combining AI with autonomous labs, with life science as a first domain. Field Before After tldrProtein-engineering AI platform used by pharma to optimise antibodies and enzymes. Cradle is a protein-engineering AI platform used by pharma to optimise antibodies and enzymes. Field Before After tldrUses protein language models to design new gene editors (OpenCRISPR-1) and antibodies. Profluent uses protein language models to design new gene editors (OpenCRISPR-1) and antibodies. Field Before After tldrSmall-molecule discovery on the GEMS platform combining physics and deep learning; oncology programmes in the clinic pipeline. Genesis Molecular AI does small-molecule discovery on its GEMS platform, which combines physics and deep learning, with oncology programmes in the clinic pipeline. summaryPartnerships with Genentech, Lilly, Gilead and Incyte; rebranded 2025. Genesis has partnerships with Genentech, Lilly, Gilead and Incyte, and rebranded in 2025. Field Before After tldrTCIA in the cloud, ready for large-scale model training. The Imaging Data Commons is TCIA in the cloud, ready for large-scale model training. Field Before After tldrThe richest population cohort for linking genes, blood and imaging to who later develops cancer. UK Biobank is the richest population cohort for linking genes, blood and imaging to who later develops cancer. Field Before After tldrThe lung screening trial images that trained Sybil and most lung-nodule AI. NCI CDAS holds the lung screening trial images that trained Sybil and most lung-nodule AI. Field Before After tldrThe biggest single-cell dataset ever released, built to teach AI how cancer cells respond to drugs. Tahoe-100M is the biggest single-cell dataset ever released, built to teach AI how cancer cells respond to drugs. Field Before After principleDINOv2 self-supervision (UNI); contrastive image-text alignment (CONCH). UNI is trained with DINOv2 self-supervision; CONCH uses contrastive image-text alignment. Field Before After tldrA model that summarises a whole slide, not just tiles, and can write a draft pathology report. TITAN is a model that summarises a whole slide, not just tiles, and can write a draft pathology report. Field Before After summaryNature 2024. Trained on 171,189 slides from 30,000+ Providence patients; uses LongNet dilated attention to model entire slides. Open weights; strong on mutation prediction and cancer subtyping. "Published in Nature in 2024, Prov-GigaPath was trained on 171,189 slides from 30,000+ Providence patients; uses LongNet dilated attention to model entire slides. Open weights; strong on mutation prediction and cancer... Field Before After principleMasked multimodal pretraining unifying image and text tokens. MUSK uses masked multimodal pretraining that unifies image and text tokens. Field Before After principleViT-giant with DINOv2 pretraining. H-optimus is a ViT-giant pretrained with DINOv2. Field Before After principleMulti-resolution ViT pretraining (DINOv2 plus masked autoencoding). PLUTO is a ViT pretrained at multiple resolutions with DINOv2 plus masked autoencoding. Field Before After tldrOpen pathology foundation models under a permissive licence. Hibou is a family of open pathology foundation models under a permissive licence. principleDINOv2 ViT pretraining. Hibou is a ViT pretrained with DINOv2. Field Before After tldrA pathology model that matched the leaders while training on far fewer slides. Midnight is a pathology model that matched the leaders while training on far fewer slides. Field Before After tldrA pathology foundation model trained on 1.2 million slides from two of the world's largest hospitals. Atlas is a pathology foundation model trained on 1.2 million slides from two of the world's largest hospitals. principleViT-H with RudolfV-style self-supervision. Atlas is a ViT-H trained with RudolfV-style self-supervision. Field Before After principleiBOT/DINOv2 self-supervision. Phikon is trained with iBOT/DINOv2 self-supervision. Field Before After tldrA model trained on 15,000 CT scans with their reports that can find and describe hundreds of findings. Merlin is a model trained on 15,000 CT scans with their reports that can find and describe hundreds of findings. Field Before After principleVisual encoder plus LLM with interleaved image-text. RadFM pairs a visual encoder with an LLM trained on interleaved image-text. Field Before After principlePromptable segmentation transformer fine-tuned on medical masks. MedSAM is a promptable segmentation transformer fine-tuned on medical masks. Field Before After principleDeep learning on mammograms with device-conditional adversarial training. Mirai applies deep learning to mammograms with device-conditional adversarial training. Field Before After principleLarge multimodal transformer fine-tuned on medical data with web search integration. Med-Gemini is a large multimodal transformer fine-tuned on medical data, with web search integration. Field Before After tldrA single foundation model behind many FDA-cleared triage alerts in emergency radiology. Aidoc CARE is a single foundation model behind many FDA-cleared triage alerts in emergency radiology. Field Before After principleGenerative transformer over gene tokens and expression bins. scGPT is a generative transformer over gene tokens and expression bins. Field Before After tldrMaps any cell from any species into one shared space without retraining. Universal Cell Embedding maps any cell from any species into one shared space without retraining. Field Before After tldrA 100-million-parameter model trained on 50 million cells, from China's BioMap. scFoundation is a 100-million-parameter model trained on 50 million cells, from China's BioMap. principleMasked expression modelling with full gene vocabulary. scFoundation uses masked expression modelling with a full gene vocabulary. Field Before After tldrA model trained on both dissociated and spatial data so it learns how a cell's neighbourhood shapes it. Nicheformer is a model trained on both dissociated and spatial data so it learns how a cell's neighbourhood shapes it. principleTransformer with spatial context tokens. Nicheformer is a transformer with spatial context tokens. Field Before After tldrAn 800-million-parameter single-cell model trained on 100 million human cells. CellFM is an 800-million-parameter single-cell model trained on 100 million human cells. principleTransformer with efficient attention over gene tokens. CellFM is a transformer with efficient attention over gene tokens. Field Before After principleAggregate LLM gene-description embeddings weighted by expression. GenePT aggregates LLM gene-description embeddings weighted by expression. Field Before After principleGenerative transformer over cells; distillation into LLM. TranscriptFormer is a generative transformer over cells, distilled into an LLM. Field Before After tldrA graph model predicting the effect of gene knockouts, and the benchmarks that showed how hard the problem is. GEARS is a graph model predicting the effect of gene knockouts; the perturbation benchmarks around it showed how hard the problem is. principleGraph neural network over gene relationships. GEARS is a graph neural network over gene relationships. Field Before After principlePairformer plus diffusion module over all biomolecular types. AlphaFold 3 combines a Pairformer with a diffusion module over all biomolecular types. Field Before After tldrA generative protein model that designed a working fluorescent protein far from any natural sequence. ESM3 is a generative protein model that designed a working fluorescent protein far from any natural sequence. principleMasked multimodal transformer over protein tokens. ESM3 is a masked multimodal transformer over protein tokens. Field Before After principleMasked language modelling over 6-mer tokens. Nucleotide Transformer uses masked language modelling over 6-mer tokens. Field Before After principleConvolution plus transformer over long DNA windows. Enformer and Borzoi combine convolution with a transformer over long DNA windows. Field Before After summaryPreview API June 2025; Nature paper January 2026. Unifies many regulatory prediction tasks at single-base resolution; relevant to non-coding driver interpretation. AlphaGenome launched as a preview API in June 2025, with the Nature paper following in January 2026. It unifies many regulatory prediction tasks at single-base resolution; relevant to non-coding driver interpretation. Field Before After principleSupervised and self-supervised multimodal learning on a proprietary clinico-genomic corpus. Tempus trains supervised and self-supervised multimodal models on a proprietary clinico-genomic corpus. Field Before After tldrThe software stack many biology foundation models are trained and served with. BioNeMo is the software stack many biology foundation models are trained and served with. principleOptimised training and inference libraries on GPUs. BioNeMo provides optimised training and inference libraries on GPUs. Field Before After principleMasked autoencoder ViT over Cell Painting images. Phenom-2 is a masked autoencoder ViT over Cell Painting images. Field Before After tldrA horizon map of the wilder ideas in cancer, sorted by how close they are to mattering, with the reason each one might never arrive. Radical oncology is a horizon map of the wilder ideas in cancer, sorted by how close they are to mattering, with the reason each one might never arrive. Field Before After tldrAn experimental idea: a drug that reads a cell's DNA, recognises a cancer-specific sequence, and kills only cells that carry it. Change the guide, and the same drug becomes a new drug. "Programmable DNA-targeting therapeutics are an experimental idea: a drug that reads a cell's DNA, recognises a cancer-specific sequence, and kills only cells that carry it. Change the guide, and the same drug becomes... summary"Sequence-programmable therapeutics aim to act at the DNA level rather than the protein level, in principle reaching drivers with no druggable protein pocket (MYC, TP53 loss, APC loss). Conceptual relatives include CR... "Sequence-programmable therapeutics aim to act at the DNA level rather than the protein level, in principle reaching drivers with no druggable protein pocket (MYC, TP53 loss, APC loss). Conceptual relatives include CR... limitations["No human data as of 2026", "Delivery to solid tumours is unsolved for nucleic-acid therapeutics", "Off-target cutting or recognition; immunogenicity of bacterial proteins", "Tumour heterogeneity means a single seque... ["No human data yet (2026)", "Delivery to solid tumours is unsolved for nucleic-acid therapeutics", "Off-target cutting or recognition; immunogenicity of bacterial proteins", "Tumour heterogeneity means a single seque... Field Before After tldrReading the sizes and positions of DNA fragments in blood, not the mutations. Cancer cells die messily and leave a recognisable fragmentation pattern. Fragmentomics reads the sizes and positions of DNA fragments in blood, not the mutations. Cancer cells die messily and leave a recognisable fragmentation pattern. principleWhole-genome sequencing of plasma cfDNA at ~1-2x depth; machine learning on fragment-size distributions across genomic windows distinguishes tumour-derived from haematopoietic DNA. Plasma cfDNA is whole-genome sequenced at ~1-2x depth; machine learning on fragment-size distributions across genomic windows distinguishes tumour-derived from haematopoietic DNA. Field Before After tldrAn antibody given alongside an ADC that mops up the poison once it leaks into the bloodstream, so the ADC can hit the tumour with fewer side effects. An ADC payload neutraliser is an antibody given alongside an ADC that mops up the poison once it leaks into the bloodstream, so the ADC can hit the tumour with fewer side effects. Field Before After tldrRewriting a cancer's DNA letter by letter inside the body. It works in the liver for inherited disease; nobody has yet corrected a cancer this way in a person. In vivo base and prime editing would rewrite a cancer's DNA letter by letter inside the body. It works in the liver for inherited disease; nobody has yet corrected a cancer this way in a person. summary"Base editors change a single DNA letter without cutting; prime editors write short new sequences. Both are in the clinic for inherited liver and blood disease, and base editing is used ex vivo to build allogeneic CAR... "Base editors change a single DNA letter without cutting; prime editors write short new sequences. Both are in the clinic for inherited liver and blood disease, and base editing is used ex vivo to build allogeneic CAR... limitations["No in vivo oncology trial as of 2026", "Delivery reaches liver far better than solid tumours", "Editing a fraction of cells may not change tumour behaviour", "Off-target edits are permanent"] ["No in vivo oncology trial yet (2026)", "Delivery reaches liver far better than solid tumours", "Editing a fraction of cells may not change tumour behaviour", "Off-target edits are permanent"] Field Before After summary"CRISPRoff-style effectors fuse a dead Cas protein to DNA methyltransferase and repressor domains, imposing heritable silencing that survives cell division. Tune Therapeutics and Chroma Medicine took the approach into... "CRISPRoff-style effectors fuse a dead Cas protein to DNA methyltransferase and repressor domains, imposing heritable silencing that survives cell division. Tune Therapeutics and Chroma Medicine took the approach into... limitations["No oncology trial as of 2026", "Delivery to solid tumours unsolved", "Escape by cells that lose the mark or the dependency"] ["No oncology trial yet (2026)", "Delivery to solid tumours unsolved", "Escape by cells that lose the mark or the dependency"] Field Before After summary"Phage particles are cheap, cannot replicate in human cells, and their coat proteins can be engineered to display tumour-homing peptides or antigens; phage display already underpins several approved antibodies. As a d... "Phage particles are cheap, cannot replicate in human cells, and their coat proteins can be engineered to display tumour-homing peptides or antigens; phage display already underpins several approved antibodies. As a d... Field Before After tldrInjecting iron-oxide nanoparticles into a tumour and heating them from outside with an alternating magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia injects iron-oxide nanoparticles into a tumour and heats them from outside with an alternating magnetic field. Field Before After summary"Electrons in the 100-250 MeV range penetrate deeply, are steerable by magnets, and can be delivered at the ultra-high dose rates associated with the FLASH effect, in principle for a fraction of the cost of a proton f... "Electrons in the 100-250 MeV range penetrate deeply, are steerable by magnets, and can be delivered at the ultra-high dose rates associated with the FLASH effect, in principle for a fraction of the cost of a proton f... Field Before After summary"The therapeutic power of actinium-225 comes from its decay chain, but recoil energy ejects daughter nuclides from any chelator, causing off-target dose. Nanoparticle carriers (lanthanum phosphate, titanium dioxide, l... "The therapeutic power of actinium-225 comes from its decay chain, but recoil energy ejects daughter nuclides from any chelator, causing off-target dose. Nanoparticle carriers (lanthanum phosphate, titanium dioxide, l... Field Before After summary"Radioligand therapy kills by DNA damage, so blocking repair should amplify it. Early-phase studies combine 177Lu-PSMA with olaparib in prostate cancer and 177Lu-DOTATATE with PARP inhibitors in neuroendocrine tumours... "Radioligand therapy kills by DNA damage, so blocking repair should amplify it. Early-phase studies combine 177Lu-PSMA with olaparib in prostate cancer and 177Lu-DOTATATE with PARP inhibitors in neuroendocrine tumours... Field Before After tldrSmall molecules that stick two proteins together so the cell destroys one of them. Smaller and more drug-like than bifunctional degraders. Molecular glues are small molecules that stick two proteins together so the cell destroys one of them. They are smaller and more drug-like than bifunctional degraders. Field Before After summary"MRD testing already detects relapse months before imaging, but sampling is episodic. Work on implantable and wearable sampling, microneedle interstitial-fluid collection, and at-home dried blood spots aims to shorten... "MRD testing already detects relapse months before imaging, but sampling is episodic. Work on implantable and wearable sampling, microneedle interstitial-fluid collection, and at-home dried blood spots aims to shorten... Field Before After tldrRoutinely growing a piece of each patient's tumour and testing drugs on it before choosing, rather than relying on genetics alone. Organoid-guided therapy means routinely growing a piece of each patient's tumour and testing drugs on it before choosing, rather than relying on genetics alone. Field Before After tldrA second-generation CML pill that produces deeper responses faster than imatinib, at the cost of cardiovascular and metabolic side effects. Nilotinib is a second-generation CML pill that produces deeper responses faster than imatinib, at the cost of cardiovascular and metabolic side effects. Field Before After tldrA CML pill with less cardiovascular and pleural toxicity than its rivals; its main side effect is diarrhoea. Bosutinib is a CML pill with less cardiovascular and pleural toxicity than its rivals; its main side effect is diarrhoea. Field Before After tldrThe first telomerase-blocking drug approved for any cancer; it frees many lower-risk MDS patients from transfusions after growth factors have failed. Imetelstat is the first telomerase-blocking drug approved for any cancer; it frees many lower-risk MDS patients from transfusions after growth factors have failed. Field Before After tldrThe first JAK inhibitor: it shrinks the spleen and relieves symptoms in myelofibrosis and controls blood counts in polycythaemia vera, without eliminating the disease clone. Ruxolitinib was the first JAK inhibitor: it shrinks the spleen and relieves symptoms in myelofibrosis and controls blood counts in polycythaemia vera, without eliminating the disease clone. Field Before After tldrThe JAK inhibitor designed for anaemic myelofibrosis patients: it can improve haemoglobin while shrinking the spleen. Momelotinib is the JAK inhibitor designed for anaemic myelofibrosis patients: it can improve haemoglobin while shrinking the spleen. Field Before After tldrA cheap, decades-old pill that lowers high blood counts in polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia and is also the main drug for sickle cell disease. Hydroxyurea is a cheap, decades-old pill that lowers high blood counts in polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia and is also the main drug for sickle cell disease. Field Before After tldrA long-acting interferon for polycythaemia vera that, unlike hydroxyurea, can shrink the mutant clone over years. Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is a long-acting interferon for polycythaemia vera that, unlike hydroxyurea, can shrink the mutant clone over years. Field Before After tldrThe first drug to control polycythaemia vera's excess red cells by restricting iron, sparing patients repeated blood removal. Rusfertide is the first drug to control polycythaemia vera's excess red cells by restricting iron, sparing patients repeated blood removal. Field Before After tldrA hedgehog-pathway pill that, with low-dose chemotherapy, extends survival in older AML patients who cannot have intensive treatment; largely displaced by venetoclax combinations. Glasdegib is a hedgehog-pathway pill that, with low-dose chemotherapy, extends survival in older AML patients who cannot have intensive treatment; it has largely been displaced by venetoclax combinations. Field Before After tldrThe first EZH2 inhibitor, approved for epithelioid sarcoma and follicular lymphoma in 2020 and withdrawn worldwide in 2026 after secondary blood cancers. Tazemetostat was the first EZH2 inhibitor, approved for epithelioid sarcoma and follicular lymphoma in 2020 and withdrawn worldwide in 2026 after secondary blood cancers. Field Before After tldrThe CAR-T therapy for mantle cell lymphoma and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, giving long remissions after BTK inhibitors fail. Brexucabtagene autoleucel is the CAR-T therapy for mantle cell lymphoma and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, giving long remissions after BTK inhibitors fail. Field Before After tldrThe first drug approved specifically for relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma; about a third of patients respond. Pralatrexate was the first drug approved specifically for relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma; about a third of patients respond. Field Before After tldrAn epigenetic drug for T-cell lymphomas of the skin and lymph nodes; its US lymph-node indication was withdrawn when a confirmatory trial failed. Romidepsin is an epigenetic drug for T-cell lymphomas of the skin and lymph nodes; its US lymph-node indication was withdrawn when a confirmatory trial failed. Field Before After tldrAn HDAC inhibitor for relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma with response in about a quarter of patients and usable in patients with low platelets. Belinostat is an HDAC inhibitor for relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma; about a quarter of patients respond, and it can be used in patients with low platelets. Field Before After tldrAn antibody that clears cancerous T cells from the blood in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, the leukaemic form of skin lymphoma. Mogamulizumab is an antibody that clears cancerous T cells from the blood in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, the leukaemic form of skin lymphoma. Field Before After tldrThe first biologic cancer drug (1986). It treated hairy cell leukaemia, CML, melanoma, kidney cancer and Kaposi sarcoma, and has been replaced almost everywhere by better-tolerated agents. Interferon alfa was the first biologic cancer drug (1986). It treated hairy cell leukaemia, CML, melanoma, kidney cancer and Kaposi sarcoma, and has been replaced almost everywhere by better-tolerated agents. Field Before After tldrAn antibody-drug conjugate against CD123 approved in 2026 for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, the second targeted drug for this rare cancer. Pivekimab sunirine is an antibody-drug conjugate against CD123, approved in 2026 for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm as the second targeted drug for this rare cancer. Field Before After tldrThe first PI3K inhibitor for blood cancers; effective in CLL with rituximab but so toxic (colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, infections) that the class has largely been abandoned. Idelalisib was the first PI3K inhibitor for blood cancers; it is effective in CLL with rituximab but so toxic (colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, infections) that the class has largely been abandoned. Field Before After tldrAn intravenous PI3K inhibitor for relapsed follicular lymphoma, approved in 2017 and withdrawn in 2023 when its confirmatory trial failed. Copanlisib is an intravenous PI3K inhibitor for relapsed follicular lymphoma, approved in 2017 and withdrawn in 2023 when its confirmatory trial failed. Field Before After tldrThe first oral proteasome inhibitor for multiple myeloma, enabling an all-oral triplet with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Ixazomib (Ninlaro) is the first oral proteasome inhibitor for multiple myeloma, enabling an all-oral triplet with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Field Before After tldrThe drug behind the 1960s birth-defect tragedy, rehabilitated as the first immunomodulatory myeloma drug and the parent of lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Thalidomide is the drug behind the 1960s birth-defect tragedy, rehabilitated as the first immunomodulatory myeloma drug and the parent of lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Field Before After tldrA pill for chronic graft-versus-host disease, the long-term immune complication of donor stem-cell transplants used to cure blood cancers. Belumosudil is a pill for chronic graft-versus-host disease, the long-term immune complication of donor stem-cell transplants used to cure blood cancers. Field Before After tldrA PD-1 antibody approved for Merkel cell carcinoma and, with chemotherapy, as the first immunotherapy standard for advanced anal cancer. Retifanlimab is a PD-1 antibody approved for Merkel cell carcinoma and, with chemotherapy, as the first immunotherapy standard for advanced anal cancer. Field Before After tldrA PD-L1 antibody approved in December 2024 for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, offering a third immunotherapy choice. Cosibelimab is a PD-L1 antibody approved in December 2024 for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, offering a third immunotherapy choice. Field Before After tldrA Chinese PD-1 antibody approved in the US in 2025 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the second after toripalimab. Penpulimab is a Chinese PD-1 antibody approved in the US in 2025 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the second after toripalimab. Field Before After tldrThe first hedgehog-pathway drug, for basal cell carcinomas too advanced for surgery; it shrinks most tumours but muscle cramps, taste loss and hair loss make long-term use hard. Vismodegib was the first hedgehog-pathway drug, for basal cell carcinomas too advanced for surgery; it shrinks most tumours but muscle cramps, taste loss and hair loss make long-term use hard. Field Before After tldrThe second hedgehog inhibitor for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma, similar in effect and side effects to vismodegib. Sonidegib (Odomzo) is the second hedgehog inhibitor for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma, similar in effect and side effects to vismodegib. Field Before After tldrOne of the first EGFR pills for lung cancer; approved before anyone knew EGFR mutations predicted who would respond, then redefined by them. Erlotinib was one of the first EGFR pills for lung cancer; it was approved before anyone knew EGFR mutations predicted who would respond, then redefined by them. Field Before After tldrAn irreversible EGFR pill for lung cancer, notable for activity against uncommon EGFR mutations (G719X, L861Q, S768I). Afatinib (Gilotrif) is an irreversible EGFR pill for lung cancer, notable for activity against uncommon EGFR mutations (G719X, L861Q, S768I). Field Before After tldrThe first oral drug for EGFR exon 20 insertion lung cancer, approved in 2021 and withdrawn in 2023-24 after its confirmatory trial failed. Mobocertinib was the first oral drug for EGFR exon 20 insertion lung cancer, approved in 2021 and withdrawn in 2023-24 after its confirmatory trial failed. Field Before After tldrThe first ALK inhibitor, approved four years after ALK fusions were found in lung cancer; also the first drug for ROS1 lung cancer and for ALK-positive lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in children. "Crizotinib was the first ALK inhibitor, approved four years after ALK fusions were found in lung cancer; it was also the first drug for ROS1 lung cancer and for ALK-positive lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic ... Field Before After tldrA second-generation ALK pill for lung cancer, effective after crizotinib but with gastrointestinal toxicity that limited uptake. Ceritinib is a second-generation ALK pill for lung cancer, effective after crizotinib but with gastrointestinal toxicity that limited uptake. Field Before After tldrAn ALK pill with strong brain activity, approved first after crizotinib and then first line after beating it in ALTA-1L. Brigatinib is an ALK pill with strong brain activity, approved first after crizotinib and then first line after beating it in ALTA-1L. Field Before After tldrA pill for NTRK-fusion cancers and ROS1 lung cancer that reaches brain metastases. Entrectinib (Rozlytrek) is a pill for NTRK-fusion cancers and ROS1 lung cancer that reaches brain metastases. Field Before After tldrThe first drug for tenosynovial giant cell tumour, a benign but destructive joint tumour; effective but with liver toxicity that requires a restricted programme. Pexidartinib is the first drug for tenosynovial giant cell tumour, a benign but destructive joint tumour; it is effective but has liver toxicity that requires a restricted programme. Field Before After tldrThe first therapeutic cancer vaccine approved (2010): it lengthened survival in metastatic prostate cancer by about four months without shrinking tumours or lowering PSA. Sipuleucel-T was the first therapeutic cancer vaccine approved (2010): it lengthened survival in metastatic prostate cancer by about four months without shrinking tumours or lowering PSA. Field Before After tldrThe injectable that shuts off testosterone production, the foundation of hormone therapy for prostate cancer since the 1980s; also used for ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancer. Leuprolide is the injectable that shuts off testosterone production, the foundation of hormone therapy for prostate cancer since the 1980s; it is also used for ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancer. Field Before After tldrThe vinca alkaloid in ABVD, the standard Hodgkin lymphoma regimen, and formerly in the cisplatin combinations that first cured testicular cancer. Vinblastine is the vinca alkaloid in ABVD, the standard Hodgkin lymphoma regimen, and was formerly in the cisplatin combinations that first cured testicular cancer. Field Before After tldrA vinca chemotherapy for lung and breast cancer, available orally, and now part of maintenance therapy that improved survival in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Vinorelbine is a vinca chemotherapy for lung and breast cancer, available orally, and is now part of maintenance therapy that improved survival in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Field Before After tldrA topoisomerase-blocking chemotherapy central to bowel and pancreatic cancer regimens (FOLFIRI, FOLFIRINOX, NALIRIFOX) and to salvage therapy in childhood sarcomas; the same warhead as the deruxtecan ADC payloads. "Irinotecan is a topoisomerase-blocking chemotherapy central to bowel and pancreatic cancer regimens (FOLFIRI, FOLFIRINOX, NALIRIFOX) and to salvage therapy in childhood sarcomas; it carries the same warhead as the de... Field Before After tldrA chemotherapy from the mayapple plant essential to curing testicular cancer (BEP), treating small-cell lung cancer, lymphomas, childhood sarcomas and leukaemias, and in transplant conditioning. Etoposide is a chemotherapy from the mayapple plant, essential to curing testicular cancer (BEP), treating small-cell lung cancer, lymphomas, childhood sarcomas and leukaemias, and used in transplant conditioning. Field Before After tldrThe 'B' in BEP for testicular cancer and ABVD for Hodgkin lymphoma; its unique danger is scarring of the lungs, so lung function is monitored and it is often dropped when safe. Bleomycin is the 'B' in BEP for testicular cancer and ABVD for Hodgkin lymphoma; its unique danger is scarring of the lungs, so lung function is monitored and it is often dropped when safe. Field Before After tldrThe first PET tracer approved for finding recurrent prostate cancer after treatment (2016), largely superseded since 2020 by PSMA PET. Fluciclovine F-18 was the first PET tracer approved for finding recurrent prostate cancer after treatment (2016), and has been largely superseded since 2020 by PSMA PET. Field Before After biology"Non-receptor tyrosine kinase with a pseudokinase (JH2) domain that normally restrains the kinase (JH1); V617F in JH2 relieves autoinhibition, causing cytokine-independent STAT5/MAPK/PI3K signalling and erythroid/mega... "JAK2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase with a pseudokinase (JH2) domain that normally restrains the kinase (JH1); V617F in JH2 relieves autoinhibition, causing cytokine-independent STAT5/MAPK/PI3K signalling and eryt... Field Before After tldrA chemokine receptor on skin-homing and regulatory T cells, and on the malignant cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukaemia; mogamulizumab removes those cells. CCR4 is a chemokine receptor on skin-homing and regulatory T cells, and on the malignant cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukaemia; mogamulizumab removes those cells. Field Before After tldrA growth-factor receptor mutated in about 10% of GISTs, including the D842V mutation that resists imatinib but responds to avapritinib. PDGFRA is a growth-factor receptor mutated in about 10% of GISTs, including the D842V mutation that resists imatinib but responds to avapritinib. Field Before After biology"Fusion oncoprotein; the EWSR1 domain drives phase separation and recruits BAF, while the FLI1 ETS domain binds GGAA repeats to activate (e.g. NR0B1, NKX2-2) and, at canonical ETS sites, repress (e.g. TGFBR2, IGFBP3) ... "EWSR1-FLI1 is a fusion oncoprotein; the EWSR1 domain drives phase separation and recruits BAF, while the FLI1 ETS domain binds GGAA repeats to activate (e.g. NR0B1, NKX2-2) and, at canonical ETS sites, repress (e.g. ... Field Before After tldrAn enzyme on tumour and immune cells that converts ATP breakdown products into adenosine, a powerful immune-suppressant; blocking it or the adenosine receptors was a major immunotherapy hope that has not yet delivered. "CD73 is an enzyme on tumour and immune cells that converts ATP breakdown products into adenosine, a powerful immune-suppressant; blocking it or the adenosine receptors was a major immunotherapy hope that has not yet ... Field Before After tldrAn oestrogen-regulated zinc transporter on most breast cancers; the ADC against it (ladiratuzumab vedotin) showed activity in triple-negative disease but was discontinued in 2024. LIV-1 is an oestrogen-regulated zinc transporter on most breast cancers; the ADC against it (ladiratuzumab vedotin) showed activity in triple-negative disease but was discontinued in 2024. Field Before After tldrThe protein that degrades p53; blocking it reactivates p53 in tumours where the gene is intact, especially the liposarcomas that carry extra copies of MDM2. MDM2 is the protein that degrades p53; blocking it reactivates p53 in tumours where the gene is intact, especially the liposarcomas that carry extra copies of MDM2. Field Before After tldrA small protein on nearly all lymphocytes, the target of alemtuzumab, a profoundly immunosuppressive antibody once used in CLL and now mostly in transplant conditioning, T-cell leukaemia and multiple sclerosis. "CD52 is a small protein on nearly all lymphocytes and the target of alemtuzumab, a profoundly immunosuppressive antibody once used in CLL and now mostly in transplant conditioning, T-cell leukaemia and multiple scler... Field Before After tldrRecognising and treating the anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence and existential distress that affect a third of people with cancer, using screening, psychotherapy adapted to cancer, and medication. Psycho-oncology recognises and treats the anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence and existential distress that affect a third of people with cancer, using screening, psychotherapy adapted to cancer, and medication. Field Before After tldrA few weeks of structured exercise, nutrition and psychological preparation between diagnosis and surgery to make patients fitter for the operation and speed recovery. Prehabilitation is a few weeks of structured exercise, nutrition and psychological preparation between diagnosis and surgery to make patients fitter for the operation and speed recovery. Field Before After tldr"Cancers with fewer than about 6 new cases per 100,000 people per year. Individually rare, together they are a quarter of all cancers and have worse survival because of late diagnosis, few trials and scattered experti... "Rare cancers are those with fewer than about 6 new cases per 100,000 people per year. Individually rare, together they are a quarter of all cancers and have worse survival because of late diagnosis, few trials and sc... Field Before After tldr"An inherited fault in the TP53 gene giving a lifetime cancer risk near 100% in women and ~75% in men, with sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumours, adrenal cancer and leukaemias often in childhood. Whole-body MRI surv... "Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an inherited fault in the TP53 gene giving a lifetime cancer risk near 100% in women and ~75% in men, with sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumours, adrenal cancer and leukaemias often in childh... Field Before After tldr"An inherited condition causing kidney cancers, adrenal tumours, and blood-vessel tumours of the brain, spine, eye and pancreas from early adulthood. It taught us how cells sense oxygen and gave rise to the drug belzu... "Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an inherited condition causing kidney cancers, adrenal tumours, and blood-vessel tumours of the brain, spine, eye and pancreas from early adulthood. It taught us how cells sense oxygen an... Field Before After tldrThe American oncology society's guidelines, strongest on supportive care, survivorship, biomarker testing and resource-stratified recommendations for lower-income settings, complementing NCCN's algorithms. "ASCO guidelines are the American oncology society's guidelines, strongest on supportive care, survivorship, biomarker testing and resource-stratified recommendations for lower-income settings, complementing NCCN's al... Field Before After tldr"China's national oncology guidelines, notable for grading recommendations by both evidence and affordability, and for covering Chinese-developed drugs (PD-1 inhibitors, ADCs) and cancers common in China (nasopharynge... "CSCO guidelines are China's national oncology guidelines, notable for grading recommendations by both evidence and affordability, and for covering Chinese-developed drugs (PD-1 inhibitors, ADCs) and cancers common in... Field Before After tldrJapan's guidelines, especially strong for gastric, oesophageal, liver and biliary cancers where Japanese trials set global standards (D2 gastrectomy, S-1, endoscopic resection), and for its own approvals through PMDA. "The JSMO and JSCO guidelines are Japan's oncology guidelines, especially strong for gastric, oesophageal, liver and biliary cancers where Japanese trials set global standards (D2 gastrectomy, S-1, endoscopic resectio... Field Before After tldrThe largest US cancer charity: the source of the widely quoted annual US cancer statistics, screening recommendations that differ from the USPSTF in places, and plain-language patient guides for every cancer. "The American Cancer Society is the largest US cancer charity: the source of the widely quoted annual US cancer statistics, screening recommendations that differ from the USPSTF in places, and plain-language patient g... Field Before After tldrThe main US blood-cancer charity, unusual for running its own precision-medicine trials (Beat AML, PedAL) and investing directly in biotech, alongside co-pay assistance and one-to-one information specialists. "The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society is the main US blood-cancer charity, unusual for running its own precision-medicine trials (Beat AML, PedAL) and investing directly in biotech, alongside co-pay assistance and one-to-o... Field Before After tldrThe leading pancreatic cancer patient organisation, which pioneered free tumour molecular profiling for patients (Know Your Tumor) and runs an adaptive platform trial for a disease with few options. PanCAN is the leading pancreatic cancer patient organisation; it pioneered free tumour molecular profiling for patients (Know Your Tumor) and runs an adaptive platform trial for a disease with few options. Field Before After tldrThe largest US lymphoma-specific charity, with plain-language guides for over 20 lymphoma subtypes and a research programme focused on mantle cell and adolescent/young adult lymphoma. "The Lymphoma Research Foundation is the largest US lymphoma-specific charity, with plain-language guides for over 20 lymphoma subtypes and a research programme focused on mantle cell and adolescent/young adult lympho... Field Before After tldrThe largest US brain tumour nonprofit, notable for helping create GBM AGILE, the adaptive platform trial that tests many glioblastoma drugs at once, and for its advocacy on FDA endpoints for brain tumours. "The National Brain Tumor Society is the largest US brain tumour nonprofit, notable for helping create GBM AGILE, the adaptive platform trial that tests many glioblastoma drugs at once, and for its advocacy on FDA end... Field Before After tldrThe largest US colorectal cancer patient organisation, focused on screening uptake from age 45, young-onset disease and connecting patients with biomarker-matched trials. The Colorectal Cancer Alliance is the largest US colorectal cancer patient organisation, focused on screening uptake from age 45, young-onset disease and connecting patients with biomarker-matched trials. Field Before After tldrThe largest US lung cancer charity, focused on making sure every patient gets comprehensive biomarker testing and access to targeted therapy and trials, with a screening-advocacy partner in GO2. LUNGevity is the largest US lung cancer charity, focused on making sure every patient gets comprehensive biomarker testing and access to targeted therapy and trials, with a screening-advocacy partner in GO2. Field Before After tldr"The largest US ovarian cancer organisation, born from the merger of research and patient-support charities, which funds research and campaigns for universal genetic testing and prevention by salpingectomy given that ... "The Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance is the largest US ovarian cancer organisation, born from the merger of research and patient-support charities; it funds research and campaigns for universal genetic testing and pr... Field Before After tldr"The best-known breast cancer charity, a major funder of research and a large provider of patient navigation and financial assistance, with a patient-driven research registry that shares data for metastatic breast can... "Susan G. Komen is the best-known breast cancer charity, a major funder of research and a large provider of patient navigation and financial assistance, with a patient-driven research registry that shares data for met... Field Before After tldrOne of the US National Cancer Institute's cooperative groups: thousands of community and academic sites running practice-changing trials, including the 2026 first-line Hodgkin lymphoma result. SWOG is one of the US National Cancer Institute's cooperative groups: thousands of community and academic sites running practice-changing trials, including the 2026 first-line Hodgkin lymphoma result. Field Before After tldrThe world's largest paediatric cancer trials organisation; most children with cancer in North America are treated on or according to a COG protocol. The Children's Oncology Group is the world's largest paediatric cancer trials organisation; most children with cancer in North America are treated on or according to a COG protocol. Field Before After summary"Based at Queen's University. CHALLENGE (CO.21, NEJM 2025) showed a structured exercise programme improves survival in colon cancer; MA.17 (extended letrozole) and PA.3 (erlotinib in pancreatic cancer) were earlier la... "CCTG is based at Queen's University. CHALLENGE (CO.21, NEJM 2025) showed a structured exercise programme improves survival in colon cancer; MA.17 (extended letrozole) and PA.3 (erlotinib in pancreatic cancer) were ea... Field Before After tldrThe umbrella for 50+ academic breast cancer groups worldwide, co-sponsor of OlympiA, APHINITY, and HERA. The Breast International Group is the umbrella for 50+ academic breast cancer groups worldwide and co-sponsor of OlympiA, APHINITY, and HERA. Field Before After tldrJapan's national cooperative group, defining surgical and perioperative standards in gastric and oesophageal cancer. JCOG is Japan's national cooperative group and defines surgical and perioperative standards in gastric and oesophageal cancer. Field Before After tldrThe network of France's comprehensive cancer centres and its academic trials sponsor. UNICANCER is the network of France's comprehensive cancer centres and its academic trials sponsor. Field Before After tldrThe alliance of 33 US cancer centres whose guidelines decide, in practice, what US oncologists do and what insurers pay for. The NCCN is an alliance of 33 US cancer centres whose guidelines decide, in practice, what US oncologists do and what insurers pay for. - changedA platform trial of very-low-cost metronomic chemotherapy in LMIC common cancersideaall changes
Field Before After testA phase 3 platform across the National Cancer Grid and African partner sites with overall survival and quality of life as endpoints, with pre-specified futility stopping per arm. Run a phase 3 platform across the National Cancer Grid and African partner sites with overall survival and quality of life as endpoints, with pre-specified futility stopping per arm. - changedOne medical physicist covering many radiotherapy machines through remote quality assuranceideaall changes
Field Before After testA two-year pilot in a network of six machines with two physicists, using independent external dosimetry audits and incident reporting as safety endpoints. Run a two-year pilot in a network of six machines with two physicists, using independent external dosimetry audits and incident reporting as safety endpoints. Field Before After tldrA weekly video class where district doctors and nurses present real cases to a specialist team, learn by doing, and build a network. It worked for hepatitis C and could work for cancer. Project ECHO is a weekly video class where district doctors and nurses present real cases to a specialist team, learn by doing, and build a network. It worked for hepatitis C and could work for cancer. - changedRetention packages so trained oncology staff stay: bonds, top-ups, working equipmentideaall changes
Field Before After testA prospective cohort of 200 scholarship trainees across several countries with package versus standard scholarship, tracking retention, productivity, and job satisfaction. Follow a prospective cohort of 200 scholarship trainees across several countries with package versus standard scholarship, tracking retention, productivity, and job satisfaction. Field Before After testNationwide implementation with a registry comparison of concordance, resection quality, and survival before and after the mandate. Implement nationwide with a registry comparison of concordance, resection quality, and survival before and after the mandate. - changedA standard handoff with medication reconciliation at every cancer care transitionideaall changes
Field Before After testA stepped implementation across a cancer network with discrepancy audits, adverse drug events, and readmissions as endpoints. Run a stepped implementation across a cancer network with discrepancy audits, adverse drug events, and readmissions as endpoints. - changedDefault fertility preservation referral for every patient under 40 before treatmentideaall changes
Field Before After testA stepped-wedge implementation across ten centres with counselling documentation, preservation uptake, treatment delay, and regret at two years. Run a stepped-wedge implementation across ten centres with counselling documentation, preservation uptake, treatment delay, and regret at two years. Field Before After tldrCells have an enzyme that removes the growth signals cancer relies on. Cancers switch it off. Drugs that switch it back on are an unusual and largely untried approach. Cells have an enzyme, PP2A, that removes the growth signals cancer relies on. Cancers switch it off. Drugs that switch it back on are an unusual and largely untried approach. Field Before After rationaleThis is an indirect route to MYC that requires no MYC binder; the dependency is well supported in models, but trials to date have largely been unselected, which is a common reason such drugs fail. Blocking translation is an indirect route to MYC that requires no MYC binder; the dependency is well supported in models, but trials to date have largely been unselected, which is a common reason such drugs fail. Field Before After rationaleThis is one of the few reproducibility problems with a cheap, definitive test and an existing reference database; the failure is purely one of enforcement. Cell-line misidentification is one of the few reproducibility problems with a cheap, definitive test and an existing reference database; the failure is purely one of enforcement. Field Before After rationaleThis provides the missing test that turns payload-class switching from a rule of thumb into a biomarker-directed decision; the assay is a standard immunohistochemistry stain. SLFN11 status provides the missing test that turns payload-class switching from a rule of thumb into a biomarker-directed decision; the assay is a standard immunohistochemistry stain. Field Before After tldrSome cancers reach the brain in up to a quarter of patients. Trials could aim specifically at preventing that, instead of treating it once it has happened. Some cancers reach the brain in up to a quarter of patients. Prevention trials could aim specifically at stopping that, instead of treating it once it has happened. Field Before After tldrWhen cancer coats the lining of the abdomen or chest, drugs given by drip barely reach it. Delivering immunotherapy straight into the cavity gives far higher local doses. Intracavitary immunotherapy targets cancer that coats the lining of the abdomen or chest, which drugs given by drip barely reach. Delivering it straight into the cavity gives far higher local doses. Field Before After tldrBrain tumours shed very little DNA into blood. Briefly opening the brain's barrier with focused ultrasound releases enough to read from a blood sample. Brain tumours shed very little DNA into blood, so a sonobiopsy briefly opens the brain's barrier with focused ultrasound to release enough to read from a blood sample. Field Before After test"Primate brain pharmacokinetics of shuttle versus parent conjugate, then a phase 1 in HER2-positive brain metastasis with intracranial response and, where feasible, cerebrospinal fluid or resected-tissue drug measurem... "Measure primate brain pharmacokinetics of shuttle versus parent conjugate, then run a phase 1 in HER2-positive brain metastasis with intracranial response and, where feasible, cerebrospinal fluid or resected-tissue d... Field Before After tldrEngineered immune cells given by drip rarely reach brain tumours. Briefly opening the barrier with ultrasound at the right moment may let them in. Engineered immune cells given by drip rarely reach brain tumours. Briefly opening the barrier with focused ultrasound at the right moment may let them in. Field Before After testA pragmatic multi-country replication trial, particularly in low- and middle-income settings, with appetite, weight, quality of life and metabolic adverse events as endpoints; then guideline adoption. Run a pragmatic multi-country replication trial, particularly in low- and middle-income settings, with appetite, weight, quality of life and metabolic adverse events as endpoints; then guideline adoption. Field Before After tldrA free, ready-to-run cancer registry system, working on phones and without constant internet, so any hospital anywhere can start counting and following its cancer patients. A registry-in-a-box would be a free, ready-to-run cancer registry system, working on phones and without constant internet, so any hospital anywhere can start counting and following its cancer patients. Field Before After tldrA fund that decides within two days on small grants for quick, decisive experiments in cancers or questions that mainstream funders neglect, modelled on the pandemic-era Fast Grants. Fast grants for oncology would be a fund that decides within two days on small grants for quick, decisive experiments in cancers or questions that mainstream funders neglect, modelled on the pandemic-era Fast Grants. Field Before After testEconomic modelling with historical approvals to calibrate the schedule, then a legislated pilot in one jurisdiction for new oncology approvals over five years, tracking endpoint choice and benefit magnitude of filings. "Use economic modelling with historical approvals to calibrate the schedule, then run a legislated pilot in one jurisdiction for new oncology approvals over five years, tracking endpoint choice and benefit magnitude o... Field Before After tldrA well-funded, milestone-driven agency that develops drugs for nausea, nerve damage, mouth sores, fatigue and brain fog from cancer treatment, which the market has largely ignored. A supportive-care ARPA would be a well-funded, milestone-driven agency that develops drugs for nausea, nerve damage, mouth sores, fatigue and brain fog from cancer treatment, which the market has largely ignored. - changedGeriatric assessment by default for every older patient, and trials that admit themideaall changes
Field Before After testHealth-system rollout with toxicity and treatment completion as endpoints; regulatory audit of age distribution in pivotal trials before and after the requirement. Roll out across a health system with toxicity and treatment completion as endpoints, and audit the age distribution in pivotal trials before and after the requirement. Field Before After tldrRandomise people through the national health system, post the blood kit, and read cancer deaths off the registry. Ten times cheaper per participant than a classic trial. Randomise people through the national health system, post the blood kit, and read cancer deaths off the registry. That is ten times cheaper per participant than a classic trial. Field Before After testThree-year stepped-wedge across about ten regions of a national programme; pre-registered analysis. Run a three-year stepped-wedge across about ten regions of a national programme with a pre-registered analysis. Field Before After test3,000-patient RCT with a pre-agreed non-inferiority margin. Run a 3,000-patient RCT with a pre-agreed non-inferiority margin. - changedSmart scales and health records flag unexplained weight loss for a cancer checkideaall changes
Field Before After testCluster RCT of the alert in primary care networks; endpoints route to diagnosis and stage. Run a cluster RCT of the alert in primary care networks; the endpoints are route to diagnosis and stage. Field Before After testRetrospective linkage in a large CGM database with cancer registry outcomes (small cost); then a prospective alert pilot. Start with retrospective linkage in a large CGM database with cancer registry outcomes (small cost); then run a prospective alert pilot. - changedMulti-cancer blood test as the first step for patients with non-specific symptomsideaall changes
Field Before After test6,000-patient RCT across ten NHS Rapid Diagnostic Centres. Run a 6,000-patient RCT across ten NHS Rapid Diagnostic Centres. - changedOffer the blood test for bowel cancer only to people who refuse stool tests or colonoscopyideaall changes
Field Before After test20,000-person RCT in a programme with good registry linkage. Run a 20,000-person RCT in a programme with good registry linkage. - changedReplace six-monthly ultrasound with a blood test for liver cancer in cirrhosisideaall changes
Field Before After test3,000-patient RCT in cirrhosis clinics with a three-year endpoint. Run a 3,000-patient RCT in cirrhosis clinics with a three-year endpoint. - changedCommunity health workers with smartphone AI screen for mouth cancer in South Asiaideaall changes
Field Before After testStepped-wedge rollout across districts in India with registry linkage. Run a stepped-wedge rollout across districts in India with registry linkage. - changedCheap DNA fragment-pattern blood test as a first sieve before expensive cancer testsideaall changes
Field Before After testRe-analysis of banked plasma from a prospective MCED cohort with both assays; then a prospective tiered pilot. Re-analyse banked plasma from a prospective MCED cohort with both assays; then run a prospective tiered pilot. - changedA cancer blood test for older people arriving at A&E with unexplained symptomsideaall changes
Field Before After rationaleThis population has high pre-test probability and is already having blood drawn; the missed opportunity is documented in linked-data studies. Emergency-department patients have high pre-test probability and are already having blood drawn; the missed opportunity is documented in linked-data studies. Field Before After testRegional stepped-wedge rollout with registry linkage. Run a regional stepped-wedge rollout with registry linkage. Field Before After testMulticentre RCT of 5,000 nodules. Run a multicentre RCT of 5,000 nodules. Field Before After tldrBlood tests increasingly find precursor conditions like MGUS and smouldering myeloma. Most never progress. A registry with clear rules would stop early treatment outside trials. Blood tests increasingly find precursor conditions like MGUS and smouldering myeloma, but most never progress. A registry with clear rules would stop early treatment outside trials. Field Before After testCluster RCT in primary care. Run a cluster RCT in primary care. Field Before After test2,000-person RCT in a screening-age population. Run a 2,000-person RCT in a screening-age population. Field Before After testNational programme switch with stepped-wedge evaluation. Switch the national programme with a stepped-wedge evaluation. Field Before After testPhase 2b RCT of 400 women with a regression endpoint. Run a phase 2b RCT of 400 women with a regression endpoint. - changedCure hepatitis C in prisons and drug services, and enrol the cured in liver cancer surveillanceideaall changes
Field Before After testRegional programme with registry evaluation. Run a regional programme with registry evaluation. Field Before After testRCT of 5,000 patients within a population programme. Run an RCT of 5,000 patients within a population programme. - changedPut cytisine, a cheap plant-based quit-smoking pill, on every essential medicines listideaall changes
Field Before After testProcurement pilot in three countries with quit-attempt monitoring. Run a procurement pilot in three countries with quit-attempt monitoring. Field Before After testPre-registered evaluation across adopting and non-adopting EU states. Run a pre-registered evaluation across adopting and non-adopting EU states. Field Before After test20,000-person RCT or pooled analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials with prospective cancer adjudication. Run a 20,000-person RCT or a pooled analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials with prospective cancer adjudication. Field Before After testCluster RCT in breast units. Run a cluster RCT in breast units. - changedRemove the fallopian tubes during any pelvic surgery once childbearing is finishedideaall changes
Field Before After testRegistry-based cohort comparisons across adopting jurisdictions. Run registry-based cohort comparisons across adopting jurisdictions. Field Before After testInterrupted time series versus non-adopting comparators. Run an interrupted time series against non-adopting comparators. Field Before After testPhase 2 infection-prevention trial in EBV-seronegative adolescents. Run a phase 2 infection-prevention trial in EBV-seronegative adolescents. Field Before After tldrAspirin roughly halves bowel cancer in Lynch syndrome, and a dose trial is defining how little is needed. Most carriers are still not prescribed it. Fix prescribing. Aspirin roughly halves bowel cancer in Lynch syndrome, and a dose trial is defining how little is needed. Most carriers are still not prescribed it; the task is to fix prescribing. testRegistry-based before/after with regional stepped rollout. Run a registry-based before/after study with regional stepped rollout. - changedGo back to families of women who died of ovarian cancer and offer BRCA testingideaall changes
Field Before After testRegional traceback pilot on 2,000 archived cases. Run a regional traceback pilot on 2,000 archived cases. - changedWhole-body MRI plus blood DNA surveillance for people with Li-Fraumeni syndromeideaall changes
Field Before After test1,000-carrier prospective cohort over five years. Follow a 1,000-carrier prospective cohort over five years. - changedA chatbot for pre-test genetic counselling so counsellors see only who needs themideaall changes
Field Before After testNon-inferiority RCT in 2,000 patients. Run a non-inferiority RCT in 2,000 patients. Field Before After testCluster RCT in primary care networks. Run a cluster RCT in primary care networks. - changedOne structured global dossier: submit the cancer drug file once, to a shared cloudideaall changes
Field Before After tldrCompanies currently reformat the same evidence for every country. A single machine-readable file that every regulator reads from would save years of work. Companies currently reformat the same evidence for every country; a single machine-readable dossier that every regulator reads from would save years of work. - changedUse tumour DNA in blood to decide when to pause treatment in metastatic cancerideaall changes
Field Before After testA phase 2/3 trial in a ctDNA-shedding cancer (colorectal or lung) randomising sustained-clearance patients to holiday vs continuation, with pre-specified non-inferiority on OS at two years. Run a phase 2/3 trial in a ctDNA-shedding cancer (colorectal or lung) randomising sustained-clearance patients to holiday vs continuation, with pre-specified non-inferiority on OS at two years. Field Before After tldrSmall triple-negative tumours packed with immune cells almost never come back. Skip chemotherapy for those patients. Small triple-negative tumours packed with immune cells almost never come back. The idea is to skip chemotherapy for those patients. testSingle-arm prospective trial with a non-inferiority boundary (e.g., 5-year iDFS >90%), central AI-assisted TIL scoring, and ctDNA surveillance as a safety net. Run a single-arm prospective trial with a non-inferiority boundary (e.g., 5-year iDFS >90%), central AI-assisted TIL scoring, and ctDNA surveillance as a safety net. Field Before After testRetrospective analysis of DESTINY-Breast04/06 slides with an AI scorer; prospective companion-diagnostic validation. Run a retrospective analysis of DESTINY-Breast04/06 slides with an AI scorer, then prospective companion-diagnostic validation. Field Before After testPhase 1 of a HER2 or TROP2 radioimmunoconjugate in ADC-refractory breast cancer with antigen PET selection and dosimetry. Run a phase 1 of a HER2 or TROP2 radioimmunoconjugate in ADC-refractory breast cancer with antigen PET selection and dosimetry. Field Before After testProspective trial in NSCLC or melanoma with week-4 CD8 PET; randomise PET-non-responders to continue vs switch. Run a prospective trial in NSCLC or melanoma with week-4 CD8 PET; randomise PET-non-responders to continue vs switch. Field Before After testCHALLENGE-design trials in TNBC and prostate cancer; health-economic analysis; digital delivery arms. Run CHALLENGE-design trials in TNBC and prostate cancer with health-economic analysis and digital delivery arms. Field Before After tldrThe largest cancer centre in the world by patient volume, with the biggest phase 1 programme and a leading CAR-NK effort. MD Anderson is the largest cancer centre in the world by patient volume, with the biggest phase 1 programme and a leading CAR-NK effort. Field Before After tldrKorea's largest hospital, a global leader in liver transplantation and gastric cancer surgery. Asan Medical Center is Korea's largest hospital and a global leader in liver transplantation and gastric cancer surgery. Field Before After tldrEurope's leading cancer centre, home of the ESMO-MCBS scale and major ADC and immunotherapy trial leadership. Gustave Roussy is Europe's leading cancer centre, home of the ESMO-MCBS scale and major ADC and immunotherapy trial leadership. Field Before After tldrThe world's first hospital dedicated to cancer (1851), paired with the Institute of Cancer Research. The Royal Marsden was the world's first hospital dedicated to cancer (1851) and is paired with the Institute of Cancer Research. Field Before After tldrKorea's national university hospital and a top global enroller for gastric and lung cancer trials. Seoul National University Hospital is Korea's national university hospital and a top global enroller for gastric and lung cancer trials. Field Before After tldrCanada's leading cancer centre, a pioneer in immunotherapy and cancer stem cell research. Princess Margaret is Canada's leading cancer centre and a pioneer in immunotherapy and cancer stem cell research. Field Before After tldrBirthplace of cancer genomics (Vogelstein), MSI-high immunotherapy (Le, Diaz), and liquid biopsy and MCED science (CancerSEEK). Johns Hopkins is the birthplace of cancer genomics (Vogelstein), MSI-high immunotherapy (Le, Diaz), and liquid biopsy and MCED science (CancerSEEK). Field Before After tldrEurope's largest university hospital, with a Comprehensive Cancer Center and Berlin Institute of Health. Charité is Europe's largest university hospital, with a Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Berlin Institute of Health. Field Before After tldrJapan's national cancer centre, the leading site for Daiichi Sankyo's DXd ADC trials. The National Cancer Center Hospital is Japan's national cancer centre and the leading site for Daiichi Sankyo's DXd ADC trials. Field Before After tldrAustralia's only dedicated cancer hospital, a leader in theranostics, CAR-T, and radiation oncology. Peter Mac is Australia's only dedicated cancer hospital and a leader in theranostics, CAR-T, and radiation oncology. Field Before After tldrLatin America's top-ranked hospital and cancer programme. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein is Latin America's top-ranked hospital and cancer programme. Field Before After tldrGermany's cancer research capital: the DKFZ (largest cancer research institute in Germany), NCT, and the birthplace of FAPI PET and the brain tumour methylation classifier. Heidelberg is Germany's cancer research capital, home to the DKFZ (largest cancer research institute in Germany) and the NCT, and the birthplace of FAPI PET and the brain tumour methylation classifier. Field Before After tldrTop US hospital with a Comprehensive Cancer Center (with Case Western) and a TNBC preventive vaccine programme. Cleveland Clinic is a top US hospital with a Comprehensive Cancer Center (with Case Western) and a TNBC preventive vaccine programme. Field Before After tldrYonsei Cancer Center, with Korea's first heavy-ion (carbon) therapy centre (2023). Severance Hospital houses Yonsei Cancer Center and Korea's first heavy-ion (carbon) therapy centre (2023). Field Before After tldrEurope's largest single-site cancer centre and the UK's first NHS proton therapy centre. The Christie is Europe's largest single-site cancer centre and the UK's first NHS proton therapy centre. Field Before After tldrGerman university cancer centre with strengths in prostate cancer surgery (Martini-Klinik) and haematology. UKE Hamburg is a German university cancer centre with strengths in prostate cancer surgery (Martini-Klinik) and haematology. Field Before After tldrJapan's oldest cancer institute (1908), strong in gastric cancer surgery and breast oncology. The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR is Japan's oldest cancer institute (1908), strong in gastric cancer surgery and breast oncology. Field Before After tldrItaly's national cancer institute; a leader in sarcoma, thoracic oncology, and immunotherapy. The Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori is Italy's national cancer institute and a leader in sarcoma, thoracic oncology, and immunotherapy. Field Before After tldrSpain's leading cancer research hospital, a global leader in phase 1 and breast cancer ADC trials. Vall d'Hebron is Spain's leading cancer research hospital and a global leader in phase 1 and breast cancer ADC trials. Field Before After tldrRome's Catholic university hospital, a leader in gynaecologic oncology. Gemelli is Rome's Catholic university hospital and a leader in gynaecologic oncology. Field Before After tldrHome of CAR-T innovation (Mackall, Majzner), CD47 discovery (Weissman), and AI in medicine. Stanford is home to CAR-T innovation (Mackall, Majzner), the CD47 discovery (Weissman), and AI in medicine. Field Before After tldrMunich's university cancer centre with strengths in PSMA theranostics and haematology. LMU Klinikum is Munich's university cancer centre, with strengths in PSMA theranostics and haematology. Field Before After tldrCentre for Integrated Oncology; leader in lung cancer genomics via the Network Genomic Medicine. Uniklinik Köln runs the Centre for Integrated Oncology and leads lung cancer genomics via the Network Genomic Medicine. Field Before After tldrBirthplace of oncogene biology (Bishop, Varmus) and KRAS G12C drugging (Shokat), and a leader in I-SPY adaptive breast trials. UCSF is the birthplace of oncogene biology (Bishop, Varmus) and KRAS G12C drugging (Shokat), and a leader in I-SPY adaptive breast trials. Field Before After tldrNew York academic centre with strengths in myeloma and cancer immunology. Mount Sinai is a New York academic centre with strengths in myeloma and cancer immunology. Field Before After tldrMadrid's flagship public hospital with a large oncology programme. La Paz is Madrid's flagship public hospital, with a large oncology programme. summaryComprehensive oncology services and clinical trials. La Paz offers comprehensive oncology services and runs clinical trials. Field Before After tldrMadrid public hospital with a leading breast cancer research group (GEICAM). Gregorio Marañón is a Madrid public hospital with a leading breast cancer research group (GEICAM). Field Before After tldrThe US government's cancer research agency: ~$7B a year, the Cancer Centers Program, TCGA, and Rosenberg's cell therapy lab. The NCI is the US government's cancer research agency, spending ~$7B a year and running the Cancer Centers Program, TCGA, and Rosenberg's cell therapy lab. Field Before After tldrFlorida's cancer centre and the leading US site for TIL therapy and evolutionary ('adaptive') therapy research. Moffitt is Florida's cancer centre and the leading US site for TIL therapy and evolutionary ('adaptive') therapy research. Field Before After tldrHome of the TMPRSS2-ERG discovery, MI-ONCOSEQ, and pioneering degrader chemistry (Wang). Michigan's Rogel Cancer Center is home to the TMPRSS2-ERG discovery, MI-ONCOSEQ, and pioneering degrader chemistry (Wang). Field Before After tldrAmerica's first cancer centre (1898), with strengths in immunotherapy and cell therapy manufacturing. Roswell Park is America's first cancer centre (1898), with strengths in immunotherapy and cell therapy manufacturing. Field Before After tldrGenomics powerhouse behind DepMap, cBioPortal co-development, and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. The Broad Institute is the genomics powerhouse behind DepMap, cBioPortal co-development, and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Field Before After tldrEurope's largest biomedical research institute, home of TRACERx tumour evolution studies (Swanton). The Francis Crick Institute is Europe's largest biomedical research institute, home of the TRACERx tumour evolution studies (Swanton). Field Before After tldrThe world's largest independent cancer research charity, funding the Crick, ICR, Manchester, Cambridge, and the STAMPEDE and TRACERx trials. Cancer Research UK is the world's largest independent cancer research charity, funding the Crick, ICR, Manchester, Cambridge, and the STAMPEDE and TRACERx trials. Field Before After tldrGermany's largest cancer research institute, where Harald zur Hausen linked HPV to cervical cancer (Nobel 2008). The DKFZ is Germany's largest cancer research institute, where Harald zur Hausen linked HPV to cervical cancer (Nobel 2008). Field Before After tldrOne of China's largest cancer centres, global leader in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a top enroller for Chinese ADC and PD-1 trials. Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center is one of China's largest cancer centres, the global leader in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a top enroller for Chinese ADC and PD-1 trials. Field Before After tldrChina's leading breast cancer centre and the site of first-in-human TROP2 PET imaging. Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center is China's leading breast cancer centre and the site of first-in-human TROP2 PET imaging. Field Before After tldrOne of the largest hospitals in the world and a top-4 Nature Index healthcare institution, strong in oncology and biotherapy. West China Hospital is one of the largest hospitals in the world and a top-4 Nature Index healthcare institution, strong in oncology and biotherapy. Field Before After tldrChina's national cancer centre, leading regulatory-grade trials of domestic ADCs and PD-1 antibodies. The CAMS Cancer Hospital is China's national cancer centre, leading regulatory-grade trials of domestic ADCs and PD-1 antibodies. Field Before After tldrEurope's academic cancer trials organisation, running practice-changing trials since 1962. EORTC is Europe's academic cancer trials organisation and has run practice-changing trials since 1962. Field Before After tldrThe world's largest oncology professional society; its annual meeting each June is where most practice-changing trials are first presented. ASCO is the world's largest oncology professional society; its annual meeting each June is where most practice-changing trials are first presented. Field Before After tldrEurope's oncology society; its Congress each autumn and the ESMO-MCBS scale for grading the value of new drugs. ESMO is Europe's oncology society, known for its Congress each autumn and the ESMO-MCBS scale for grading the value of new drugs. Field Before After tldrThe oldest and largest cancer research society; its April meeting is where early-stage science and first-in-human data appear. The AACR is the oldest and largest cancer research society; its April meeting is where early-stage science and first-in-human data appear. Field Before After tldrThe WHO's cancer agency: global cancer statistics (GLOBOCAN), carcinogen classification, and prevention research. IARC is the WHO's cancer agency, responsible for global cancer statistics (GLOBOCAN), carcinogen classification, and prevention research. Field Before After tldrThe most influential medical journal. When a cancer drug trial changes how patients are treated, the paper is usually here, often published the same day it is presented at ASCO, ESMO or ASH. NEJM is the most influential medical journal. When a cancer drug trial changes how patients are treated, the paper is usually here, often published the same day it is presented at ASCO, ESMO or ASH. Field Before After tldrBritain's leading general medical journal and the other main home of practice-changing cancer trials, with a stronger global-health and policy voice than NEJM. The Lancet is Britain's leading general medical journal and the other main home of practice-changing cancer trials, with a stronger global-health and policy voice than NEJM. summary"Weekly. Publishes major oncology phase 3 trials (CheckMate 649, KEYNOTE-048, CARTITUDE-1, TRANSFORM), the Global Burden of Disease series, and Lancet Commissions that shape cancer policy. Elsevier hybrid model: subsc... "The Lancet appears weekly and publishes major oncology phase 3 trials (CheckMate 649, KEYNOTE-048, CARTITUDE-1, TRANSFORM), the Global Burden of Disease series, and Lancet Commissions that shape cancer policy. Elsevi... Field Before After tldrThe American Medical Association's flagship journal. Strong on cancer screening, prevention, health-services and patient-reported-outcome research, and on the USPSTF recommendations. JAMA is the American Medical Association's flagship journal. It is strong on cancer screening, prevention, health-services and patient-reported-outcome research, and on the USPSTF recommendations. summary"Weekly general-medicine journal. In oncology it carries screening and prevention trials, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statements, health-policy and drug-pricing analyses, and landmark care-del... "JAMA is a weekly general-medicine journal. In oncology it carries screening and prevention trials, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statements, health-policy and drug-pricing analyses, and landmar... Field Before After tldrThe JAMA Network's internal-medicine journal, known for sceptical, evidence-based analyses of overdiagnosis, surrogate endpoints and low-value care in cancer. JAMA Internal Medicine is the JAMA Network's internal-medicine journal, known for sceptical, evidence-based analyses of overdiagnosis, surrogate endpoints and low-value care in cancer. summary"Formerly Archives of Internal Medicine (renamed 2013). Home of the 'Less Is More' series and of influential critiques of oncology evidence, including Prasad and colleagues' 2015 review of surrogate endpoints in cance... "JAMA Internal Medicine was formerly Archives of Internal Medicine (renamed 2013). It is home to the 'Less Is More' series and of influential critiques of oncology evidence, including Prasad and colleagues' 2015 revie... Field Before After tldrThe British Medical Association's journal. Published Doll and Hill's 1950 smoking and lung cancer study and remains a leading critic of weak cancer-drug evidence and a champion of open data. The BMJ is the British Medical Association's journal. It published Doll and Hill's 1950 smoking and lung cancer study and remains a leading critic of weak cancer-drug evidence and a champion of open data. Field Before After tldrThe American College of Physicians' journal, important in cancer for screening guidance, modelling studies and systematic reviews that inform primary care. Annals of Internal Medicine is the American College of Physicians' journal, important in cancer for screening guidance, modelling studies and systematic reviews that inform primary care. Field Before After tldrThe leading specialist cancer journal for clinical trials. Publishes phase 2 and 3 trials, long-term follow-up, quality-of-life analyses and global-oncology policy Commissions. The Lancet Oncology is the leading specialist cancer journal for clinical trials. It publishes phase 2 and 3 trials, long-term follow-up, quality-of-life analyses and global-oncology policy Commissions. summary"Monthly plus online-first. Publishes a large share of randomised oncology trials that do not go to NEJM, with particular strength in radiotherapy, surgery, supportive care and health-system studies (IBIS-I tamoxifen ... "The Lancet Oncology appears monthly plus online-first and publishes a large share of randomised oncology trials that do not go to NEJM, with particular strength in radiotherapy, surgery, supportive care and health-sy... Field Before After tldrASCO's flagship journal and the workhorse of clinical oncology: trials, ASCO guidelines, and the abstract supplements for the ASCO Annual Meeting. The Journal of Clinical Oncology is ASCO's flagship journal and the workhorse of clinical oncology, publishing trials, ASCO guidelines, and the abstract supplements for the ASCO Annual Meeting. summary"Three issues a month. Publishes phase 2 and 3 trials across all tumour types, ASCO clinical practice guidelines (for example on immune-related adverse events), health-services and survivorship research, and the annua... "JCO publishes three issues a month, carrying phase 2 and 3 trials across all tumour types, ASCO clinical practice guidelines (for example on immune-related adverse events), health-services and survivorship research, ... Field Before After summary"Online-only. Publishes analyses of large clinico-genomic datasets (AACR Project GENIE, Flatiron), basket and umbrella trial results, circulating tumour DNA studies and reports on rare fusions and resistance mutations... "JCO Precision Oncology is online-only and publishes analyses of large clinico-genomic datasets (AACR Project GENIE, Flatiron), basket and umbrella trial results, circulating tumour DNA studies and reports on rare fus... Field Before After summary"Formerly Journal of Oncology Practice (renamed 2020). Publishes health-services research, quality-improvement studies, cost and financial-toxicity analyses, and policy pieces on the US oncology payment system. The ma... "JCO Oncology Practice was formerly Journal of Oncology Practice (renamed 2020). It publishes health-services research, quality-improvement studies, cost and financial-toxicity analyses, and policy pieces on the US on... Field Before After tldrESMO's flagship journal: European phase 3 trials, the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines and the abstract books for the ESMO Congress. Annals of Oncology is ESMO's flagship journal, publishing European phase 3 trials, the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines and the abstract books for the ESMO Congress. summary"Monthly. Publishes the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines (free to read), ESMO-MCBS benefit scores, trial results often presented at ESMO Congress, translational biomarker studies and the ESMO congress abstract supple... "Annals of Oncology appears monthly and publishes the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines (free to read), ESMO-MCBS benefit scores, trial results often presented at ESMO Congress, translational biomarker studies and the... Field Before After tldrThe JAMA Network's cancer journal: phase 2 trials, secondary analyses of big trials, epidemiology, health policy and drug-pricing research. JAMA Oncology is the JAMA Network's cancer journal, publishing phase 2 trials, secondary analyses of big trials, epidemiology, health policy and drug-pricing research. summary"Monthly since 2015. Strong on population-based and health-services research (the Global Burden of Disease cancer updates, cost and value analyses of new drugs, disparities), single-arm phase 2 studies, and pooled or ... "JAMA Oncology has appeared monthly since 2015 and is strong on population-based and health-services research (the Global Burden of Disease cancer updates, cost and value analyses of new drugs, disparities), single-ar... Field Before After tldrThe long-running journal that began as the US National Cancer Institute's own, now independent. Strong on cancer epidemiology, screening, trial methodology and health disparities. JNCI began as the US National Cancer Institute's own journal and is now independent. It is strong on cancer epidemiology, screening, trial methodology and health disparities. Field Before After tldrThe American Cancer Society's peer-reviewed clinical journal, publishing across all cancers since 1948 with a focus on epidemiology, survivorship and outcomes. Cancer is the American Cancer Society's peer-reviewed clinical journal, publishing across all cancers since 1948 with a focus on epidemiology, survivorship and outcomes. Field Before After tldrThe journal with the highest impact factor of any, because it publishes the annual US and global cancer statistics that almost every cancer paper cites. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians has the highest impact factor of any journal, because it publishes the annual US and global cancer statistics that almost every cancer paper cites. Field Before After tldrThe EORTC-affiliated European journal for clinical and translational cancer research, notable for melanoma, sarcoma, quality-of-life and European guideline work. The European Journal of Cancer is the EORTC-affiliated European journal for clinical and translational cancer research, notable for melanoma, sarcoma, quality-of-life and European guideline work. Field Before After tldrThe NCCN's journal: where the US treatment guidelines are published in article form, alongside real-world practice and cost studies. JNCCN is the NCCN's journal, where the US treatment guidelines are published in article form alongside real-world practice and cost studies. summary"Monthly. Publishes NCCN Guidelines Insights explaining panel changes, guideline-concordance and real-world outcome studies, and health-policy and economics research from US cancer centres. The bridge between the NCCN... "JNCCN appears monthly and publishes NCCN Guidelines Insights explaining panel changes, guideline-concordance and real-world outcome studies, and health-policy and economics research from US cancer centres. The bridge... Field Before After tldrThe IASLC's journal and the leading specialist venue for lung cancer and mesothelioma: staging, biomarkers, targeted-therapy and screening research. The Journal of Thoracic Oncology is the IASLC's journal and the leading specialist venue for lung cancer and mesothelioma: staging, biomarkers, targeted-therapy and screening research. Field Before After tldrThe Society of Gynecologic Oncology's journal for ovarian, endometrial, cervical and vulvar cancer research, surgery and PARP-inhibitor and immunotherapy trials. Gynecologic Oncology is the Society of Gynecologic Oncology's journal for ovarian, endometrial, cervical and vulvar cancer research, surgery and PARP-inhibitor and immunotherapy trials. summary"Monthly. Publishes phase 2 trials, surgical outcome studies, HPV and cervical screening research, PARP-inhibitor maintenance follow-up and SGO clinical practice statements. Hybrid access via Elsevier; the SGO annual ... "Gynecologic Oncology appears monthly and publishes phase 2 trials, surgical outcome studies, HPV and cervical screening research, PARP-inhibitor maintenance follow-up and SGO clinical practice statements. Hybrid acce... Field Before After tldrThe European Association of Urology's journal and the most cited urology title: prostate, bladder and kidney cancer trials, the EAU guidelines and PSMA imaging studies. European Urology is the European Association of Urology's journal and the most cited urology title, publishing prostate, bladder and kidney cancer trials, the EAU guidelines and PSMA imaging studies. Field Before After tldrThe European Association of Urology's dedicated cancer journal for prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer research. European Urology Oncology is the European Association of Urology's dedicated cancer journal for prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer research. Field Before After tldrThe Society for Neuro-Oncology's journal: glioma, brain metastasis and paediatric brain tumour research, response criteria and the CBTRUS statistical reports. Neuro-Oncology is the Society for Neuro-Oncology's journal, publishing glioma, brain metastasis and paediatric brain tumour research, response criteria and the CBTRUS statistical reports. Field Before After tldrThe SNMMI's journal and the core venue for PET tracers and radioligand therapy: PSMA and somatostatin imaging, lutetium and actinium dosimetry, and theranostics trials. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine is the SNMMI's journal and the core venue for PET tracers and radioligand therapy: PSMA and somatostatin imaging, lutetium and actinium dosimetry, and theranostics trials. summary"Monthly. Publishes first-in-human tracer studies, PSMA PET diagnostic accuracy trials, radioligand-therapy dosimetry and outcomes (lutetium-177 PSMA and DOTATATE, actinium-225), and SNMMI procedure standards. Article... "The Journal of Nuclear Medicine appears monthly and publishes first-in-human tracer studies, PSMA PET diagnostic accuracy trials, radioligand-therapy dosimetry and outcomes (lutetium-177 PSMA and DOTATATE, actinium-2... Field Before After tldrThe RSNA's flagship journal: imaging research including cancer screening performance, AI image analysis and response assessment. Radiology is the RSNA's flagship journal, publishing imaging research including cancer screening performance, AI image analysis and response assessment. summary"Monthly. In oncology it publishes mammography and lung CT screening performance studies, AI reader studies, contrast and radiation-dose research and imaging-based response and prognosis work. Hybrid access via RSNA; ... "Radiology appears monthly. In oncology it publishes mammography and lung CT screening performance studies, AI reader studies, contrast and radiation-dose research and imaging-based response and prognosis work. Hybrid... Field Before After tldrThe joint ASPHO and SIOP journal for childhood cancer and blood disorders: cooperative-group trial reports, late effects and supportive care. Pediatric Blood & Cancer is the joint ASPHO and SIOP journal for childhood cancer and blood disorders, publishing cooperative-group trial reports, late effects and supportive care. summary"Monthly. Publishes Children's Oncology Group and SIOP trial analyses, survivorship and late-effects cohorts, supportive-care guidelines and global paediatric oncology research. Formed in 2004 from Medical and Pediatr... "Pediatric Blood & Cancer appears monthly and publishes Children's Oncology Group and SIOP trial analyses, survivorship and late-effects cohorts, supportive-care guidelines and global paediatric oncology research. For... Field Before After tldrThe American Society of Hematology's flagship journal: leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma and transplant biology and trials, plus the ASH annual meeting abstracts. Blood is the American Society of Hematology's flagship journal, covering leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma and transplant biology and trials, plus the ASH annual meeting abstracts. summary"Weekly. Publishes the science and phase 2 trials of blood cancers (venetoclax, CAR-T, bispecifics, MRD methods), the ASH abstract supplement each November, and 'How I Treat' expert reviews that shape practice. Hybrid... "Blood appears weekly and publishes the science and phase 2 trials of blood cancers (venetoclax, CAR-T, bispecifics, MRD methods), the ASH abstract supplement each November, and 'How I Treat' expert reviews that shape... Field Before After tldrA Springer Nature haematology journal covering leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma biology and clinical research, including the International Myeloma Working Group consensus papers. Leukemia is a Springer Nature haematology journal covering leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma biology and clinical research, including the International Myeloma Working Group consensus papers. summary"Monthly. Publishes genomic and clonal-evolution studies of leukaemia, myeloma and MDS, phase 2 trials and long-term follow-up, and the International Myeloma Working Group and European LeukemiaNet consensus and respon... "Leukemia appears monthly and publishes genomic and clonal-evolution studies of leukaemia, myeloma and MDS, phase 2 trials and long-term follow-up, and the International Myeloma Working Group and European LeukemiaNet ... Field Before After tldrThe Lancet's haematology journal: phase 2 and 3 trials in leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma, transplant studies and global-access commentary on blood cancers. The Lancet Haematology is the Lancet's haematology journal, publishing phase 2 and 3 trials in leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma, transplant studies and global-access commentary on blood cancers. summary"Monthly since 2014. Publishes randomised and single-arm trials in blood cancers (CAR-T and bispecific follow-up, MDS and myelofibrosis studies), long-term outcomes, and Commissions on haematological care in low-incom... "The Lancet Haematology has appeared monthly since 2014 and publishes randomised and single-arm trials in blood cancers (CAR-T and bispecific follow-up, MDS and myelofibrosis studies), long-term outcomes, and Commissi... Field Before After tldrThe world's leading multidisciplinary science journal. The big cancer biology discoveries land here: cancer genome atlases, tumour evolution, new drug targets and early first-in-human results. Nature is the world's leading multidisciplinary science journal. The big cancer biology discoveries land here: cancer genome atlases, tumour evolution, new drug targets and early first-in-human results. summary"Weekly. In cancer it publishes the discovery papers that later become drugs and tests (KRAS G12C inhibition, Ostrem 2013), large sequencing consortia (TCGA, PCAWG, TRACERx), the mRNA neoantigen vaccine and menin-inhi... "Nature appears weekly. In cancer it publishes the discovery papers that later become drugs and tests (KRAS G12C inhibition, Ostrem 2013), large sequencing consortia (TCGA, PCAWG, TRACERx), the mRNA neoantigen vaccine... Field Before After tldrThe AAAS flagship and Nature's main rival. Home of landmark cancer papers on mismatch repair and immunotherapy, cancer genome sequencing, liquid biopsy and the microbiome. Science is the AAAS flagship and Nature's main rival. It is home to landmark cancer papers on mismatch repair and immunotherapy, cancer genome sequencing, liquid biopsy and the microbiome. summary"Weekly multidisciplinary journal. Cancer landmarks include the Vogelstein group's tumour sequencing and CancerSEEK papers, the mismatch-repair deficiency and PD-1 tumour-agnostic work, gut microbiome and immunotherap... "Science is a weekly multidisciplinary journal. Cancer landmarks include the Vogelstein group's tumour sequencing and CancerSEEK papers, the mismatch-repair deficiency and PD-1 tumour-agnostic work, gut microbiome and... Field Before After tldrThe leading molecular and cell biology journal. Published the Hallmarks of Cancer and much of the mechanistic biology behind today's cancer drugs. Cell is the leading molecular and cell biology journal. It published the Hallmarks of Cancer and much of the mechanistic biology behind today's cancer drugs. summary"Biweekly. Hanahan and Weinberg's Hallmarks of Cancer (2000, 2011) appeared here, as did many TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas papers, single-cell tumour microenvironment atlases, CRISPR screening resources and the mechanistic w... "Cell appears every two weeks. Hanahan and Weinberg's Hallmarks of Cancer (2000, 2011) appeared here, as did many TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas papers, single-cell tumour microenvironment atlases, CRISPR screening resources a... Field Before After tldrCell Press's dedicated cancer journal: mechanism-rich papers on tumour biology, the microenvironment, resistance and biomarkers, plus the CPTAC proteogenomic atlases. Cancer Cell is Cell Press's dedicated cancer journal, publishing mechanism-rich papers on tumour biology, the microenvironment, resistance and biomarkers, plus the CPTAC proteogenomic atlases. summary"Monthly. Publishes integrative multi-omic tumour studies (CPTAC proteogenomics, TCGA subtype papers), mechanisms of drug resistance, tumour-immune interactions and translational biomarker work that often accompanies ... "Cancer Cell appears monthly and publishes integrative multi-omic tumour studies (CPTAC proteogenomics, TCGA subtype papers), mechanisms of drug resistance, tumour-immune interactions and translational biomarker work ... Field Before After summary"Monthly. Publishes haematopoietic and cancer stem cell biology, patient-derived organoid biobanks used for drug testing, and induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived immune cells for allogeneic cell therapy. Elsevier hy... "Cell Stem Cell appears monthly and publishes haematopoietic and cancer stem cell biology, patient-derived organoid biobanks used for drug testing, and induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived immune cells for allogeneic... Field Before After tldrNature's clinical journal and now a top venue for early-phase and biomarker-rich cancer trials, medical AI studies and cell-therapy reports. Nature Medicine is Nature's clinical journal and now a top venue for early-phase and biomarker-rich cancer trials, medical AI studies and cell-therapy reports. summary"Monthly. Publishes phase 1 and 2 trials with deep translational analysis (MagnetisMM-3 elranatamab in this corpus), circulating tumour DNA and multi-cancer early-detection studies, large medical-AI validations and co... "Nature Medicine appears monthly and publishes phase 1 and 2 trials with deep translational analysis (MagnetisMM-3 elranatamab in this corpus), circulating tumour DNA and multi-cancer early-detection studies, large me... Field Before After tldrNature's cancer-specific research journal, launched in 2020, spanning basic biology to translational and clinical cancer studies. Nature Cancer is Nature's cancer-specific research journal, launched in 2020, spanning basic biology to translational and clinical cancer studies. summary"Monthly. Publishes tumour biology, immuno-oncology, computational and AI methods for cancer, and early-phase trial correlative science, with a deliberate remit to cover health-policy and access issues as well. Hybrid... "Nature Cancer appears monthly and publishes tumour biology, immuno-oncology, computational and AI methods for cancer, and early-phase trial correlative science, with a deliberate remit to cover health-policy and acce... Field Before After tldrThe top genetics journal: cancer genome-wide association studies, polygenic risk scores, cancer gene discovery and mutational-signature work. Nature Genetics is the top genetics journal, publishing cancer genome-wide association studies, polygenic risk scores, cancer gene discovery and mutational-signature work. summaryMonthly. Publishes germline cancer susceptibility GWAS and polygenic risk models, somatic driver-gene discovery and mutational-signature analyses, tumour evolution and single-cell genomics methods. Hybrid access. "Nature Genetics appears monthly and publishes germline cancer susceptibility GWAS and polygenic risk models, somatic driver-gene discovery and mutational-signature analyses, tumour evolution and single-cell genomics ... Field Before After tldrThe leading biotechnology journal: new sequencing and single-cell methods, CAR-T and gene-editing engineering, ADC and protein design, plus biotech industry analysis. Nature Biotechnology is the leading biotechnology journal, covering new sequencing and single-cell methods, CAR-T and gene-editing engineering, ADC and protein design, plus biotech industry analysis. summary"Monthly. Publishes methods and tools (single-cell and spatial omics, base and prime editing, protein design) and engineered therapeutics such as next-generation CAR-T and bispecifics, with a news section tracking the... "Nature Biotechnology appears monthly and publishes methods and tools (single-cell and spatial omics, base and prime editing, protein design) and engineered therapeutics such as next-generation CAR-T and bispecifics, ... Field Before After tldrAAAS's translational journal: the bench-to-bedside cancer papers on liquid biopsy, CAR-T engineering, tumour-immune biology and new imaging agents. Science Translational Medicine is AAAS's translational journal, publishing the bench-to-bedside cancer papers on liquid biopsy, CAR-T engineering, tumour-immune biology and new imaging agents. summary"Weekly. Publishes preclinical-to-early-clinical studies with strong mechanistic grounding, including early circulating tumour DNA detection methods, CAR-T design and toxicity work and PET tracer development. Subscrip... "Science Translational Medicine appears weekly and publishes preclinical-to-early-clinical studies with strong mechanistic grounding, including early circulating tumour DNA detection methods, CAR-T design and toxicity... Field Before After summary"Monthly since 2011. Publishes early clinical results with deep correlative science (KRAS, menin, and other targeted agents' first reports), mechanisms of acquired resistance, and the AACR Cancer Progress Report cover... "Cancer Discovery has appeared monthly since 2011 and publishes early clinical results with deep correlative science (KRAS, menin, and other targeted agents' first reports), mechanisms of acquired resistance, and the ... Field Before After tldrAACR's original journal, publishing since 1941: broad basic and preclinical cancer biology, tumour immunology and the AACR annual meeting abstracts. Cancer Research is AACR's original journal, publishing since 1941: broad basic and preclinical cancer biology, tumour immunology and the AACR annual meeting abstracts. summary"Twice-monthly. Covers molecular and cellular cancer biology, tumour microenvironment, preclinical therapeutics and computational cancer biology, and publishes the AACR annual meeting abstract supplement. Hybrid acces... "Cancer Research appears twice a month and covers molecular and cellular cancer biology, tumour microenvironment, preclinical therapeutics and computational cancer biology, and publishes the AACR annual meeting abstra... Field Before After summary"Twice-monthly. The main venue for phase 1 trials of new oncology drugs, translational biomarker and pharmacokinetic analyses, and the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence approval summaries that explain the evidence beh... "Clinical Cancer Research appears twice a month and is the main venue for phase 1 trials of new oncology drugs, translational biomarker and pharmacokinetic analyses, and the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence approval ... Field Before After summary"Monthly since 2013. Publishes basic and translational tumour immunology, T-cell and myeloid biology in the microenvironment, neoantigen and vaccine research and correlative studies from immunotherapy trials. Hybrid a... "Cancer Immunology Research has appeared monthly since 2013 and publishes basic and translational tumour immunology, T-cell and myeloid biology in the microenvironment, neoantigen and vaccine research and correlative ... Field Before After summaryMonthly. Publishes preclinical pharmacology of new agents (including many ADC payload and linker studies), mechanism-of-action and resistance work, and companion-biomarker development. Hybrid access. "Molecular Cancer Therapeutics appears monthly and publishes preclinical pharmacology of new agents (including many ADC payload and linker studies), mechanism-of-action and resistance work, and companion-biomarker dev... Field Before After summary"Monthly. Publishes cohort and case-control studies of cancer risk, biomarker validation for early detection, screening uptake and disparities research, and the AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report coverage. Hybrid... "CEBP appears monthly and publishes cohort and case-control studies of cancer risk, biomarker validation for early detection, screening uptake and disparities research, and the AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report ... Field Before After tldrA century-old physician-scientist journal, free to read, publishing mechanistic disease biology including tumour immunology, metabolism and early CAR-T science. The Journal of Clinical Investigation is a century-old physician-scientist journal, free to read, publishing mechanistic disease biology including tumour immunology, metabolism and early CAR-T science. Field Before After summary"Twice-monthly. Covers molecular genetics, chromatin and transcription, cell cycle and development, with a strong cancer biology strand (p53, Myc, Ras signalling, senescence, epigenetic regulators). Hybrid access with... "Genes & Development appears twice a month and covers molecular genetics, chromatin and transcription, cell cycle and development, with a strong cancer biology strand (p53, Myc, Ras signalling, senescence, epigenetic ... Field Before After tldrThe US National Academy of Sciences' multidisciplinary journal, home to many foundational cancer biology and cancer-modelling papers. PNAS is the US National Academy of Sciences' multidisciplinary journal, home to many foundational cancer biology and cancer-modelling papers. summary"Weekly. Publishes across all sciences; cancer landmarks include early oncogene, tumour-suppressor and cancer-evolution modelling papers, mutational-signature methods and statistical work on cancer risk and screening.... "PNAS appears weekly and publishes across all sciences; cancer landmarks include early oncogene, tumour-suppressor and cancer-evolution modelling papers, mutational-signature methods and statistical work on cancer ris... Field Before After tldrThe ASCPT journal: dose optimisation, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and pharmacogenomics, increasingly central to how oncology doses are chosen after FDA's Project Optimus. "Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics is the ASCPT journal for dose optimisation, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and pharmacogenomics, increasingly central to how oncology doses are chosen after FDA's Project Opt... summary"Monthly. Publishes clinical pharmacology of anticancer drugs, exposure-response and model-informed dosing, drug-interaction and pharmacogenomic (CPIC) guidelines and regulatory science commentary from FDA and EMA sci... "Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics appears monthly and publishes clinical pharmacology of anticancer drugs, exposure-response and model-informed dosing, drug-interaction and pharmacogenomic (CPIC) guidelines and re... Field Before After summary"Monthly since 2022. Publishes randomised trials, pragmatic and adaptive designs, and methods pieces (Stats, STAT! and trial-design tutorials), including oncology studies on dosing, de-escalation and screening. Subscr... "NEJM Evidence has appeared monthly since 2022 and publishes randomised trials, pragmatic and adaptive designs, and methods pieces (Stats, STAT! and trial-design tutorials), including oncology studies on dosing, de-es... Field Before After tldrThe preprint server for medicine and health sciences. Clinical cancer studies appear here weeks or months before journal publication, unreviewed. medRxiv is the preprint server for medicine and health sciences. Clinical cancer studies appear here weeks or months before journal publication, unreviewed. Field Before After tldrThe preprint server for biology. Most cancer genomics, immunology and computational papers now appear here before the journal version. bioRxiv is the preprint server for biology. Most cancer genomics, immunology and computational papers now appear here before the journal version. - changedFirst imatinib trial: a pill that switched off the enzyme driving chronic myeloid leukaemiapaperall changes
Field Before After whatItMeans"This is the paper that turned the idea of hitting a cancer's specific molecular engine into a working medicine. For people with CML it began the shift from a fatal disease treated with interferon or transplant to one... "Druker's 2001 imatinib paper turned the idea of hitting a cancer's specific molecular engine into a working medicine. For people with CML it began the shift from a fatal disease treated with interferon or transplant ... - changedELEVATE-TN: acalabrutinib, alone or with obinutuzumab, against chemo-immunotherapy in untreated CLLpaperall changes
Field Before After tldrA second-generation BTK inhibitor, with or without an antibody, cut the risk of progression by 80-90% compared with chlorambucil-obinutuzumab in older or unfit patients with CLL. In ELEVATE-TN, acalabrutinib, a second-generation BTK inhibitor, with or without an antibody, cut the risk of progression by 80-90% compared with chlorambucil-obinutuzumab in older or unfit patients with CLL. - changedAMPLIFY: fixed-duration acalabrutinib plus venetoclax, with or without obinutuzumab, versus chemo-immunotherapy in fit CLL patientspaperall changes
Field Before After tldrAn all-oral, 14-month course of a BTK inhibitor plus venetoclax beat FCR or BR chemo-immunotherapy in fit patients, offering a time-limited alternative to indefinite pills. In AMPLIFY, an all-oral, 14-month course of acalabrutinib plus venetoclax beat FCR or BR chemo-immunotherapy in fit CLL patients, offering a time-limited alternative to indefinite pills. - changedTRANSFORM: liso-cel CAR-T versus salvage chemotherapy and transplant in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphomapaperall changes
Field Before After tldrA second CD19 CAR-T, lisocabtagene maraleucel, also beat chemotherapy-plus-transplant as second-line treatment, with a low rate of severe side effects. In TRANSFORM, a second CD19 CAR-T, lisocabtagene maraleucel, also beat chemotherapy-plus-transplant as second-line treatment, with a low rate of severe side effects. - changedEPCORE NHL-1: epcoritamab, a subcutaneous CD20 x CD3 bispecific, in relapsed large B-cell lymphoma including after CAR-Tpaperall changes
Field Before After tldrAn off-the-shelf bispecific antibody produced responses in 63% of patients with relapsed aggressive lymphoma, including many whose CAR-T had failed. In EPCORE NHL-1, the off-the-shelf bispecific antibody epcoritamab produced responses in 63% of patients with relapsed aggressive lymphoma, including many whose CAR-T had failed. - changedCOMMANDS: luspatercept versus epoetin alfa as first treatment for anaemia in lower-risk MDS needing transfusionspaperall changes
Field Before After tldr"A drug that frees late-stage red cell production from TGF-beta-family braking freed 59% of transfusion-dependent MDS patients from transfusions for at least 12 weeks, against 31% with the standard erythropoietin inje... "In COMMANDS, luspatercept, a drug that frees late-stage red cell production from TGF-beta-family braking, freed 59% of transfusion-dependent MDS patients from transfusions for at least 12 weeks, against 31% with the ... - changedIMerge: imetelstat, a telomerase inhibitor, for transfusion-dependent lower-risk MDS after erythropoietin has failedpaperall changes
Field Before After tldrThe first telomerase inhibitor to reach approval freed about 40% of heavily transfused MDS patients from transfusions for eight weeks and 28% for six months, versus 15% and 3% with placebo. In IMerge, imetelstat, the first telomerase inhibitor to reach approval, freed about 40% of heavily transfused MDS patients from transfusions for eight weeks and 28% for six months, versus 15% and 3% with placebo. - changedUCART19: the first gene-edited, donor-derived CAR-T cells in children and adults with relapsed B-cell ALLpaperall changes
Field Before After whatItMeans"This was the first clinical evidence that a universal, pre-manufactured CAR-T made from a donor can work, avoiding the weeks of autologous manufacturing and the problem of patients whose own T cells are too damaged. ... "The UCART19 report was the first clinical evidence that a universal, pre-manufactured CAR-T made from a donor can work, avoiding the weeks of autologous manufacturing and the problem of patients whose own T cells are... - changedNICHE-2: a single dose of ipilimumab and two of nivolumab before surgery clears dMMR colon cancer in most patientspaperall changes
Field Before After tldrFour weeks of checkpoint blockade before surgery eliminated nearly all tumour in 95% of patients with mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancer, and none had relapsed at three years. In NICHE-2, four weeks of checkpoint blockade before surgery eliminated nearly all tumour in 95% of patients with mismatch-repair-deficient colon cancer, and none had relapsed at three years. - changedCercek 2022: six months of dostarlimab alone made rectal cancer disappear in every patient with mismatch-repair deficiencypaperall changes
Field Before After whatItMeans"This is the clearest demonstration that immunotherapy can replace surgery in a solid tumour: patients with dMMR rectal cancer can keep their rectum and avoid the permanent effects of pelvic radiotherapy and surgery. ... "Cercek's dostarlimab study is the clearest demonstration that immunotherapy can replace surgery in a solid tumour: patients with dMMR rectal cancer can keep their rectum and avoid the permanent effects of pelvic radi... - changedASCO 2021 guideline: how to recognise and manage the immune-related side effects of checkpoint inhibitorspaperall changes
Field Before After tldrThe consensus rulebook for checkpoint-inhibitor toxicity: grade the problem, hold or stop the drug, give steroids early, escalate to other immunosuppressants if they fail, and involve specialists. "The ASCO 2021 guideline is the consensus rulebook for checkpoint-inhibitor toxicity: grade the problem, hold or stop the drug, give steroids early, escalate to other immunosuppressants if they fail, and involve speci... - changedNHS-Galleri: design of the largest randomised trial of a multi-cancer blood testpaperall changes
Field Before After tldrThe protocol for a 140,000-person randomised trial in England testing whether three annual Galleri blood tests reduce late-stage (III-IV) cancer diagnoses, the first MCED trial powered for a stage-shift endpoint. "The NHS-Galleri design paper is the protocol for a 140,000-person randomised trial in England testing whether three annual Galleri blood tests reduce late-stage (III-IV) cancer diagnoses, the first MCED trial powered... whatItMeans"This is the trial that will decide whether a blood test for many cancers at once should be offered by a health system. Its endpoint is a reduction in late-stage cancer rather than deaths, so even a positive result le... "NHS-Galleri is the trial that will decide whether a blood test for many cancers at once should be offered by a health system. Its endpoint is a reduction in late-stage cancer rather than deaths, so even a positive re... - changedCHALLENGE: a structured exercise programme after chemotherapy improves survival in colon cancerpaperall changes
Field Before After tldr"Three years of supervised, goal-based exercise after adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer reduced recurrence or death by 28% and deaths by 37%, the first randomised proof that exercise itself improves cancer surviv... "In CHALLENGE, three years of supervised, goal-based exercise after adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer reduced recurrence or death by 28% and deaths by 37%, the first randomised proof that exercise itself improves... Field Before After whatItMeansThis is where the evidence that smoking causes cancer begins. Everything from cigarette warnings and tax to smoke-free laws and lung screening eligibility descends from this study and the cohort that followed it. "Doll and Hill's 1950 study is where the evidence that smoking causes cancer begins. Everything from cigarette warnings and tax to smoke-free laws and lung screening eligibility descends from this study and the cohort... - changedSTAMPEDE: adding abiraterone to hormone therapy at diagnosis of advanced prostate cancerpaperall changes
Field Before After summary"Multi-arm, multi-stage platform trial. This comparison randomised 1,917 men with newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer starting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to ADT alone or ADT plus abi... "STAMPEDE is a multi-arm, multi-stage platform trial. This comparison randomised 1,917 men with newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer starting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to ADT alone o... Field Before After analogy"A library that reshuffles and duplicates random shelves every night. Most rearrangements are useless, some ruin the building, but occasionally one yields a book the librarian needs to survive a new rule, and the mess... "Chromosomal instability is a library that reshuffles and duplicates random shelves every night. Most rearrangements are useless, some ruin the building, but occasionally one yields a book the librarian needs to survi... Field Before After tldr"The cell's recycling programme. Cancer cells, especially pancreatic and RAS-driven tumours, use it to survive starvation and drug stress, which is why hydroxychloroquine, an old malaria drug that blocks it, keeps app... "Autophagy is the cell's recycling programme. Cancer cells, especially pancreatic and RAS-driven tumours, use it to survive starvation and drug stress, which is why hydroxychloroquine, an old malaria drug that blocks ... Field Before After analogyRust. Iron plus oxygen eats through the cell's membranes unless an antioxidant crew (GPX4) keeps repainting them. Cells that changed shape to dodge chemotherapy have thinner paint. Ferroptosis is rust. Iron plus oxygen eats through the cell's membranes unless an antioxidant crew (GPX4) keeps repainting them. Cells that changed shape to dodge chemotherapy have thinner paint. Field Before After analogy"Weeding a field with one herbicide year after year: the field fills with the one weed that shrugs it off. Rotating herbicides and leaving some susceptible weeds to crowd out the resistant ones is the evolutionary alt... "Clonal evolution is like weeding a field with one herbicide year after year: the field fills with the one weed that shrugs it off. Rotating herbicides and leaving some susceptible weeds to crowd out the resistant one... Field Before After analogy"A doorbell wired to the house lights. Cytokines ring, JAK flips the switch, STAT turns on the lights. Cancers either jam the switch on (JAK2 mutation) or cut the wire so interferon cannot turn on the 'I am infected' ... "JAK–STAT is a doorbell wired to the house lights. Cytokines ring, JAK flips the switch, STAT turns on the lights. Cancers either jam the switch on (JAK2 mutation) or cut the wire so interferon cannot turn on the 'I a... Field Before After tldr"The most commonly amplified cancer gene, a master switch that turns on thousands of growth genes. It has no pocket for a conventional drug, so it remained 'undruggable' for 40 years; the first direct MYC drugs finall... "MYC is the most commonly amplified cancer gene, a master switch that turns on thousands of growth genes. It has no pocket for a conventional drug, so it remained 'undruggable' for 40 years; the first direct MYC drugs... Field Before After tldrThe cell's antioxidant defence switch. Lung cancers often break the off-switch (KEAP1), leaving NRF2 permanently on, which detoxifies chemotherapy and radiation and makes these tumours resistant to almost everything. "KEAP1–NRF2 is the cell's antioxidant defence switch. Lung cancers often break the off-switch (KEAP1), leaving NRF2 permanently on, which detoxifies chemotherapy and radiation and makes these tumours resistant to almo... analogyA smoke detector wired to a sprinkler system. Cancers jam the detector on, so the sprinklers run constantly and wash away every poison you throw at them. KEAP1–NRF2 is a smoke detector wired to a sprinkler system. Cancers jam the detector on, so the sprinklers run constantly and wash away every poison you throw at them. Field Before After analogy"Film editing. The raw footage (pre-mRNA) is cut into a final movie. Cancer's editor makes odd cuts: some create villains (AR-V7), some create scenes no one has seen before (neoantigens), and the editing room itself b... "Splicing is film editing. The raw footage (pre-mRNA) is cut into a final movie. Cancer's editor makes odd cuts: some create villains (AR-V7), some create scenes no one has seen before (neoantigens), and the editing r... Field Before After tldrTumours talk to nerves. Nerves grow into tumours and feed them signals; brain tumours even wire themselves into neural circuits. Cutting the conversation with common drugs such as beta-blockers is now being tested. "Cancer neuroscience is the study of how tumours talk to nerves. Nerves grow into tumours and feed them signals; brain tumours even wire themselves into neural circuits. Cutting the conversation with common drugs such... Field Before After tldr"The most-cited framework in cancer biology: a short list of the capabilities every cancer must acquire, from unlimited growth to hiding from the immune system. The 2022 update lists eight hallmarks, two enabling char... "The Hallmarks of Cancer is the most-cited framework in cancer biology: a short list of the capabilities every cancer must acquire, from unlimited growth to hiding from the immune system. The 2022 update lists eight h... Field Before After tldrThe brakes that normally stop division, p53 and RB above all, are cut. Evading growth suppressors means cutting the brakes that normally stop division, p53 and RB above all. Field Before After tldrCancer cells disable their self-destruct programmes, chiefly apoptosis. Resisting cell death is the hallmark by which cancer cells disable their self-destruct programmes, chiefly apoptosis. Field Before After summaryThe Warburg effect and its relatives. Exploited by FDG PET for imaging, antimetabolite chemotherapy, and IDH inhibitors; broader metabolic drugs have struggled against metabolic plasticity. The Warburg effect and its relatives define this hallmark. It is exploited by FDG PET for imaging, antimetabolite chemotherapy, and IDH inhibitors; broader metabolic drugs have struggled against metabolic plasticity. Field Before After tldrImmune cells that should eat cancer cells but are re-educated by the tumour to protect it instead. Often the most abundant immune cell in a tumour. Tumour-associated macrophages are immune cells that should eat cancer cells but are re-educated by the tumour to protect it instead. They are often the most abundant immune cell in a tumour. Field Before After tldrA single event in which a cancer cell duplicates its entire genome, becoming tetraploid. It happens in about a third of cancers and buffers the chaos that follows. Whole-genome doubling is a single event in which a cancer cell duplicates its entire genome, becoming tetraploid. It happens in about a third of cancers and buffers the chaos that follows. Field Before After rationaleBolton 2020 fitness landscapes; growing populations on long-term PARP inhibitors and 177Lu therapies. Bolton 2020 described the fitness landscapes of these clones under therapy, and the populations on long-term PARP inhibitors and 177Lu therapies are growing. Field Before After tldrWeighing every patient, asking a few screening questions, and referring those at risk to a dietitian. Simple, guideline-endorsed, and still not done routinely. Nutrition screening means weighing every patient, asking a few screening questions, and referring those at risk to a dietitian. It is simple, guideline-endorsed, and still not done routinely. Field Before After tldrTube feeding into the gut, or nutrition into a vein when the gut cannot be used. Life-saving in the right patient, harmful or futile in the wrong one. Nutrition support means tube feeding into the gut, or nutrition into a vein when the gut cannot be used. It is life-saving in the right patient, harmful or futile in the wrong one. Field Before After tldrA very-low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet that makes the body run on ketones. The idea is to starve brain tumours of glucose. It is safe and feasible for a few months, but no trial has shown it makes people live longer. "A ketogenic diet is a very-low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet that makes the body run on ketones. The idea is to starve brain tumours of glucose. It is safe and feasible for a few months, but no trial has shown it makes... Field Before After tldrEating within a window of 8-12 hours a day and fasting overnight. It improves blood sugar and weight a little; whether it changes cancer risk or recurrence is unknown. Time-restricted eating means eating within a window of 8-12 hours a day and fasting overnight. It improves blood sugar and weight a little; whether it changes cancer risk or recurrence is unknown. Field Before After tldrThe new weight-loss injections lower weight by 15-20%. Early observational data suggest fewer obesity-related cancers in people who take them, but no trial has yet tested cancer as an outcome. GLP-1 agonists, the new weight-loss injections, lower weight by 15-20%. Early observational data suggest fewer obesity-related cancers in people who take them, but no trial has yet tested cancer as an outcome. Field Before After tldrHalf of people with cancer sleep badly. Talking therapy for insomnia works well and is under-used; whether fixing sleep or body-clock disruption changes the cancer itself is unproven. "Half of people with cancer sleep badly, so sleep and body-clock interventions matter. Talking therapy for insomnia works well and is under-used; whether fixing sleep or body-clock disruption changes the cancer itself... Field Before After tldr"Three drug approaches to cancer wasting: a new antibody that blocks the hormone suppressing appetite, an appetite hormone mimic approved only in Japan, and a very cheap old tablet. None is yet standard everywhere; al... "Cachexia pharmacotherapy covers three drug approaches to cancer wasting: a new antibody that blocks the hormone suppressing appetite, an appetite hormone mimic approved only in Japan, and a very cheap old tablet. Non... Field Before After tldrLoss of muscle mass and strength. In cancer it predicts worse chemotherapy side-effects, more surgical complications and shorter survival, and it can hide in people who look a normal weight or overweight. Sarcopenia is loss of muscle mass and strength. In cancer it predicts worse chemotherapy side-effects, more surgical complications and shorter survival, and it can hide in people who look a normal weight or overweight. Field Before After tldrNutritional drinks enriched with specific nutrients (arginine, omega-3 fats, nucleotides) meant to strengthen immune function, mostly given before major surgery. Immunonutrition means nutritional drinks enriched with specific nutrients (arginine, omega-3 fats, nucleotides) meant to strengthen immune function, mostly given before major surgery. Field Before After tldrA cluster of central obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and abnormal blood fats. It raises the risk of several cancers and worsens outcomes after diagnosis, largely through high insulin levels. "Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of central obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and abnormal blood fats. It raises the risk of several cancers and worsens outcomes after diagnosis, largely through high insu... Field Before After tldrA trial of more than 3,000 women testing whether losing weight after breast cancer treatment reduces recurrence. The programme achieved weight loss; the effect on recurrence was not clearly shown at the first analysis. "BWEL is a trial of more than 3,000 women testing whether losing weight after breast cancer treatment reduces recurrence. The programme achieved weight loss; the effect on recurrence was not clearly shown at the first... Field Before After tldrAn 11,000-patient trial across four common cancers in the UK, Ireland and India asking whether cheap daily aspirin after curative treatment stops cancer coming back. Add-Aspirin is an 11,000-patient trial across four common cancers in the UK, Ireland and India asking whether cheap daily aspirin after curative treatment stops cancer coming back. Field Before After tldrTwo phase 3 trials of an appetite-hormone mimic in lung cancer patients with wasting. Patients gained muscle but not grip strength, which split regulators: approved in Japan, rejected in Europe. ROMANA 1 and 2 were two phase 3 trials of an appetite-hormone mimic in lung cancer patients with wasting. Patients gained muscle but not grip strength, which split regulators: approved in Japan, rejected in Europe. Field Before After tldrFifteen melanoma patients whose immunotherapy had failed received a stool transplant from someone whose immunotherapy had worked, then restarted the drug. Six benefited, including three lasting responses. Fifteen melanoma patients whose immunotherapy had failed received a stool transplant from someone whose immunotherapy had worked, then restarted the drug. Six of them benefited, including three with lasting responses. Field Before After tldrFour weeks of supervised training, protein and support before bowel cancer surgery cut severe complications and sped recovery, in an international randomised trial of 251 patients. PREHAB showed that four weeks of supervised training, protein and support before bowel cancer surgery cut severe complications and sped recovery, in an international randomised trial of 251 patients. Field Before After tldrThe virus blows up tumour cells and inflames the tumour; PD-1 blockade exploits the inflammation. An oncolytic virus blows up tumour cells and inflames the tumour; PD-1 blockade then exploits the inflammation. Field Before After tldrA blood test after surgery decides who gets more treatment and who is spared it. A ctDNA MRD blood test after surgery decides who gets more treatment and who is spared it. Field Before After tldrThe cell's 'divide' relay. A signal at the surface flips RAS on, which passes to RAF, MEK, and ERK, which tell the nucleus to make the cell divide. KRAS and BRAF mutations jam it in the on position. "The RAS-MAPK pathway is the cell's 'divide' relay. A signal at the surface flips RAS on, which passes to RAF, MEK, and ERK, which tell the nucleus to make the cell divide. KRAS and BRAF mutations jam it in the on pos... Field Before After tldrThe brakes. p53 senses damage and stops the cell from copying itself; RB holds the cell at the G1 gate until CDK4/6 unlocks it. Cancers cut these brakes. The p53 and RB checkpoints are the cell's brakes. p53 senses damage and stops the cell from copying itself; RB holds the cell at the G1 gate until CDK4/6 unlocks it. Cancers cut these brakes. Field Before After tldrThe repair crews. Single-strand breaks are patched by PARP; double-strand breaks by BRCA-dependent homologous recombination. Lose one crew and the cell survives; lose both and it dies. That is how PARP inhibitors work. "The DNA damage response is the cell's set of repair crews. Single-strand breaks are patched by PARP; double-strand breaks by BRCA-dependent homologous recombination. Lose one crew and the cell survives; lose both and... Field Before After tldrThe cell's alarm for DNA in the wrong place. Radiation, chemotherapy, and ADCs spill DNA into the cytoplasm; cGAS detects it, STING sounds the alarm, and interferon calls in the immune system. cGAS-STING is the cell's alarm for DNA in the wrong place. Radiation, chemotherapy, and ADCs spill DNA into the cytoplasm; cGAS detects it, STING sounds the alarm, and interferon calls in the immune system. Field Before After tldrProstate cancer's engine. Testosterone becomes DHT, binds the androgen receptor, and drives growth genes. Castration removes the fuel; newer pills block the receptor or the enzyme that makes fuel inside the tumour. "Androgen receptor signalling is prostate cancer's engine. Testosterone becomes DHT, binds the androgen receptor, and drives growth genes. Castration removes the fuel; newer pills block the receptor or the enzyme that... Field Before After tldrThe cell's self-destruct switch. BCL-2 holds it shut; BAX and BAK pull it open. Venetoclax pries BCL-2 off so the switch can fire. Intrinsic apoptosis is the cell's self-destruct switch. BCL-2 holds it shut; BAX and BAK pull it open. Venetoclax pries BCL-2 off so the switch can fire. Field Before After tldrHow cells sense oxygen (the 2019 Nobel Prize). VHL destroys HIF when oxygen is present. Kidney cancers lose VHL, so HIF-2α is permanently on and drives blood vessel growth and proliferation. The VHL/HIF pathway is how cells sense oxygen (the 2019 Nobel Prize). VHL destroys HIF when oxygen is present. Kidney cancers lose VHL, so HIF-2α is permanently on and drives blood vessel growth and proliferation. Field Before After tldrA developmental pathway hijacked by colorectal cancer. Normally a destruction complex keeps β-catenin low; losing APC lets it flood the nucleus and drive growth genes. Wnt/β-catenin is a developmental pathway hijacked by colorectal cancer. Normally a destruction complex keeps β-catenin low; losing APC lets it flood the nucleus and drive growth genes. Field Before After tldrOne of Asia's most prolific lung cancer trialists, a steady presence on the steering committees of the EGFR, ALK, and immunotherapy trials that set today's standards. Myung-Ju Ahn is one of Asia's most prolific lung cancer trialists, a steady presence on the steering committees of the EGFR, ALK, and immunotherapy trials that set today's standards. Field Before After tldrA leading Korean breast oncologist on the steering committees of the trastuzumab emtansine and deruxtecan trials. Sung-Bae Kim is a leading Korean breast oncologist on the steering committees of the trastuzumab emtansine and deruxtecan trials. Field Before After tldrA gastric cancer and GIST trialist central to the Asian arms of ramucirumab, pembrolizumab, and zolbetuximab studies. Min-Hee Ryu is a gastric cancer and GIST trialist central to the Asian arms of ramucirumab, pembrolizumab, and zolbetuximab studies. Field Before After tldrKorea's leading colorectal cancer trialist, an investigator on the fruquintinib, trifluridine/tipiracil, and anti-EGFR studies used worldwide. Tae Won Kim is Korea's leading colorectal cancer trialist, an investigator on the fruquintinib, trifluridine/tipiracil, and anti-EGFR studies used worldwide. Field Before After tldrA genitourinary oncologist who brought Korean cohorts into the enfortumab, pembrolizumab, and PARP-inhibitor GU trials. Jae Lyun Lee is a genitourinary oncologist who brought Korean cohorts into the enfortumab, pembrolizumab, and PARP-inhibitor GU trials. Field Before After tldrA thoracic oncologist behind Korean participation in the EGFR, ALK, and MET inhibitor trials that shaped lung cancer care. Dae Ho Lee is a thoracic oncologist behind Korean participation in the EGFR, ALK, and MET inhibitor trials that shaped lung cancer care. Field Before After tldrA thoracic oncologist central to the ALK and ROS1 inhibitor trials, from crizotinib to brigatinib and beyond. Dong-Wan Kim is a thoracic oncologist central to the ALK and ROS1 inhibitor trials, from crizotinib to brigatinib and beyond. Field Before After tldrA Yonsei medical oncologist active in colorectal cancer and melanoma immunotherapy trials. Sang Joon Shin is a Yonsei medical oncologist active in colorectal cancer and melanoma immunotherapy trials. Field Before After tldrA Yonsei breast oncologist and investigator on the DESTINY-Breast and TROPION trials. Joohyuk Sohn is a Yonsei breast oncologist and investigator on the DESTINY-Breast and TROPION trials. Field Before After tldrOne of the world's authorities on gastric cancer surgery and the Japanese staging and treatment guidelines. Takeshi Sano is one of the world's authorities on gastric cancer surgery and the Japanese staging and treatment guidelines. Field Before After tldrLeads medical oncology and early-phase trials at Japan's oldest cancer institute. Shunji Takahashi leads medical oncology and early-phase trials at Japan's oldest cancer institute. Field Before After tldrBreast surgeon whose translational work links tumour biology to neoadjuvant response. Takayuki Ueno is a breast surgeon whose translational work links tumour biology to neoadjuvant response. Field Before After tldrA leading oesophageal surgeon in the JCOG network, whose trials define perioperative treatment for oesophageal cancer in Japan. Yuko Kitagawa is a leading oesophageal surgeon in the JCOG network, whose trials define perioperative treatment for oesophageal cancer in Japan. Field Before After tldrA senior São Paulo oncologist and long-time leader of the Sírio-Libanês oncology centre. Artur Katz is a senior São Paulo oncologist and long-time leader of the Sírio-Libanês oncology centre. Field Before After tldrThe most visible Latin American voice in global breast cancer trials and a founder of the region's cooperative group LACOG. Carlos Barrios is the most visible Latin American voice in global breast cancer trials and a founder of the region's cooperative group LACOG. Field Before After tldrThe world's leading nasopharyngeal carcinoma trialist, whose randomised studies define induction chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the disease. Jun Ma is the world's leading nasopharyngeal carcinoma trialist, whose randomised studies define induction chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the disease. Field Before After tldrA lung cancer oncologist at the centre of China's PD-1 and bispecific antibody trials, including ivonescimab in EGFR-mutant disease. Wenfeng Fang is a lung cancer oncologist at the centre of China's PD-1 and bispecific antibody trials, including ivonescimab in EGFR-mutant disease. Field Before After tldrChina's leading uro-oncologist, whose department runs the Chinese arms of major prostate and bladder cancer trials. Dingwei Ye is China's leading uro-oncologist, whose department runs the Chinese arms of major prostate and bladder cancer trials. Field Before After tldrLeads India's largest cancer centre and its programme of pragmatic, affordable trials. Sudeep Gupta leads India's largest cancer centre and its programme of pragmatic, affordable trials. Field Before After tldrThe statistician behind decades of CCTG trials, including the erlotinib and cetuximab studies that changed lung and colorectal cancer care. Dongsheng Tu is the statistician behind decades of CCTG trials, including the erlotinib and cetuximab studies that changed lung and colorectal cancer care. Field Before After tldrRuns GLOBOCAN, the source of the world's cancer incidence and mortality figures. Freddie Bray runs GLOBOCAN, the source of the world's cancer incidence and mortality figures. Field Before After tldrEdits the WHO 'Blue Books', the classification every pathologist uses to name a cancer. Ian Cree edits the WHO 'Blue Books', the classification every pathologist uses to name a cancer. Field Before After tldrRuns Europe's largest cancer centre and is a leading lung cancer trialist. Fabrice Barlesi runs Europe's largest cancer centre and is a leading lung cancer trialist. Field Before After tldrLung cancer trialist central to the Dato-DXd and HER3-DXd lung programmes. Benjamin Besse is a lung cancer trialist central to the Dato-DXd and HER3-DXd lung programmes. Field Before After tldrImmunotherapy investigator behind the tumour-agnostic pembrolizumab data in MSI-high cancers. Aurélien Marabelle is the immunotherapy investigator behind the tumour-agnostic pembrolizumab data in MSI-high cancers. Field Before After tldrLed the trials that brought abiraterone and olaparib to prostate cancer patients. Johann de Bono led the trials that brought abiraterone and olaparib to prostate cancer patients. Field Before After tldrChief investigator of STAMPEDE, the platform trial that reshaped treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Nicholas James is chief investigator of STAMPEDE, the platform trial that reshaped treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Field Before After tldrRadiotherapy physicist behind the Marsden's pioneering MR-linac programme. Uwe Oelfke is the radiotherapy physicist behind the Marsden's pioneering MR-linac programme. Field Before After tldrHead and neck oncologist and oncolytic virus pioneer who led the OPTiM trial of T-VEC. Kevin Harrington is a head and neck oncologist and oncolytic virus pioneer who led the OPTiM trial of T-VEC. Field Before After tldrChief executive of the world's largest independent cancer research charity. Michelle Mitchell is chief executive of the world's largest independent cancer research charity. Field Before After tldrDirects the research portfolio of Cancer Research UK. Iain Foulkes directs the research portfolio of Cancer Research UK. Field Before After tldrEarly-phase trialist who ran the first-in-human study of a PARP inhibitor. Ruth Plummer is an early-phase trialist who ran the first-in-human study of a PARP inhibitor. Field Before After tldrThoracic oncologist leading small-cell lung cancer trials and biomarker research at The Christie. Fiona Blackhall is a thoracic oncologist leading small-cell lung cancer trials and biomarker research at The Christie. Field Before After tldrBreast oncologist involved in the PERSEPHONE trial of shorter trastuzumab. Andrew Wardley is a breast oncologist involved in the PERSEPHONE trial of shorter trastuzumab. Field Before After tldrClinical oncologist developing biomarker-guided radiotherapy for bladder cancer. Ananya Choudhury is a clinical oncologist developing biomarker-guided radiotherapy for bladder cancer. Field Before After tldrCo-developer of FAPI PET imaging, now leading nuclear medicine in Düsseldorf. Frederik Giesel co-developed FAPI PET imaging and now leads nuclear medicine in Düsseldorf. Field Before After tldrReported the first patients treated with actinium-225 PSMA therapy. Clemens Kratochwil reported the first patients treated with actinium-225 PSMA therapy. Field Before After tldrLeads Europe's pioneering heavy-ion therapy centre. Jürgen Debus leads Europe's pioneering heavy-ion therapy centre. Field Before After tldrRadiation oncologist who leads Germany's national cancer research centre. Michael Baumann is a radiation oncologist who leads Germany's national cancer research centre. Field Before After tldrStem cell biologist studying how dormant cancer cells seed metastases and resist therapy. Andreas Trumpp is a stem cell biologist studying how dormant cancer cells seed metastases and resist therapy. Field Before After tldrLymphoma specialist who leads the Institut Curie hospitals. Steven Le Gouill is a lymphoma specialist who leads the Institut Curie hospitals. Field Before After tldrDiscovered the EWS-FLI1 fusion that defines Ewing sarcoma. Olivier Delattre discovered the EWS-FLI1 fusion that defines Ewing sarcoma. Field Before After tldrImmunologist studying regulatory T cells and immune profiling to guide immunotherapy. Eliane Piaggio is an immunologist studying regulatory T cells and immune profiling to guide immunotherapy. Field Before After tldrHeads medical oncology and the phase 1 programme at Italy's national cancer institute. Filippo de Braud heads medical oncology and the phase 1 programme at Italy's national cancer institute. Field Before After tldrHead and neck surgeon at INT Milan. Marco Guzzo is a head and neck surgeon at INT Milan. Field Before After tldrLeads one of Europe's largest phase 1 units. Elena Garralda leads one of Europe's largest phase 1 units. Field Before After tldrColorectal cancer investigator who led the BREAKWATER trial's clinical programme. Elena Élez is a colorectal cancer investigator who led the BREAKWATER trial's clinical programme. Field Before After tldrMedical oncologist who directs the Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center. Ulrich Keilholz is a medical oncologist who directs the Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center. Field Before After tldrHaematologist and AML genomics researcher leading Charité's haematology department. Lars Bullinger is a haematologist and AML genomics researcher leading Charité's haematology department. Field Before After tldrPaediatric oncologist and neuroblastoma researcher. Angelika Eggert is a paediatric oncologist and neuroblastoma researcher. Field Before After tldrLeads the Martini-Klinik, the world's highest-volume prostate surgery centre. Markus Graefen leads the Martini-Klinik, the world's highest-volume prostate surgery centre. Field Before After tldrPioneer of circulating tumour cell research and the liquid biopsy field. Klaus Pantel is a pioneer of circulating tumour cell research and the liquid biopsy field. Field Before After tldrNuclear medicine head whose department is a leading European PSMA theranostics centre. Peter Bartenstein is a nuclear medicine head whose department is a leading European PSMA theranostics centre. Field Before After tldrHaematologist who leads LMU's cell therapy and immuno-oncology programme. Michael von Bergwelt is a haematologist who leads LMU's cell therapy and immuno-oncology programme. Field Before After tldrRadiation oncologist leading MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy research in Munich. Claus Belka is a radiation oncologist leading MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy research in Munich. Field Before After tldrCancer genomicist who mapped the genomes of small-cell lung cancer. Roman Thomas is a cancer genomicist who mapped the genomes of small-cell lung cancer. Field Before After tldrGynaecologic oncologist who leads research at the Gemelli hospital. Giovanni Scambia is a gynaecologic oncologist who leads research at the Gemelli hospital. Field Before After tldrMedical oncologist who directs the Gemelli comprehensive cancer centre. Giampaolo Tortora is a medical oncologist who directs the Gemelli comprehensive cancer centre. Field Before After tldrRadiation oncologist known for rectal cancer chemoradiation and outcome modelling. Vincenzo Valentini is a radiation oncologist known for rectal cancer chemoradiation and outcome modelling. Field Before After tldrBreast oncologist and long-standing leader of Swedish and European breast cancer trials. Jonas Bergh is a breast oncologist and long-standing leader of Swedish and European breast cancer trials. Field Before After tldrEpidemiologist behind KARMA and the risk-based breast screening programme. Per Hall is the epidemiologist behind KARMA and the risk-based breast screening programme. Field Before After tldrImmunologist who first described natural killer cells. Rolf Kiessling is the immunologist who first described natural killer cells. Field Before After tldrProposed the missing-self hypothesis of NK cell recognition. Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren proposed the missing-self hypothesis of NK cell recognition.
Data: history/index.json, one file per record at /history/<id>.json. See also changelog, corrections, audit.