OnCo

Funding flows

Who pays for cancer research and care innovation. Figures are as published by each funder, in their own currency and fiscal year, each with a source link. Unsourced figures are omitted. This is a starting map, not an audit.

Two facts frame everything else. The US National Cancer Institute is the largest single funder of cancer research, at roughly seven billion dollars a year, and it pays for the infrastructure the rest of the field depends on: the designated centres, the cooperative groups, and the registries. Industry spending on cancer medicines is an order of magnitude larger and is what pays for late-stage trials; that is why the products on this site cluster where the market is, and why cooperative groups and charities matter for the questions industry will not fund, such as de-escalation, exercise, and comparisons between approved drugs.

Government

FunderAmountWhatYearLinkedSource
US National Cancer Institute (NCI)
US
US$7.22 billionTotal NCI appropriation, FY2024 (FY2025 continued at roughly the same level under continuing resolutions; FY2026 proposals include cuts)
The single largest cancer research funder in the world. Funds the 74 NCI-designated centres, the NCTN cooperative groups, SEER, and intramural research.
FY2024source
US National Institutes of Health (all institutes)
US
≈US$47 billionTotal NIH appropriation, of which NCI is the largest instituteFY2024source
Cancer Moonshot (21st Century Cures Act)
US
US$1.8 billion over 7 yearsDedicated Moonshot funding to NCI, FY2017–FY2023, for immunotherapy, data sharing, early detection, and paediatric cancer2017–2023source
ARPA-H (Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health)
US
US$1.5 billionTotal agency appropriation (all diseases); cancer programmes include ADAPT (adaptive cancer therapy) and early-detection efforts
Not cancer-specific; a meaningful share goes to oncology programmes.
FY2024source
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
DE
≈€400 millionAnnual budget, 90% federal and 10% Baden-Württemberg, plus third-party funds2024source

European Union

FunderAmountWhatYearLinkedSource
EU Mission on Cancer (Horizon Europe)
EU
€378 million (2021–2023 work programme)Horizon Europe research funding under the Cancer Mission; part of Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (≈€4 billion across EU instruments)2021–2023source

Charities and foundations

FunderAmountWhatYearLinkedSource
Cancer Research UK
GB
≈£440 millionAnnual research expenditure of the world's largest independent cancer charity2023/24source
Breast Cancer Research Foundation
US
≈US$60 million per yearAnnual research grants; the largest private funder of breast cancer research2024–25source
Stand Up To Cancer
US
>US$800 million raised since 2008Cumulative funds for collaborative 'Dream Team' translational research2008–2025source
Ludwig Cancer Research
CH
≈US$3 billion committed since 1971Cumulative funding of Ludwig Institute branches and Ludwig Centers at six US universities1971–2025source

Industry

FunderAmountWhatYearLinkedSource
Pharmaceutical industry (oncology medicines spending)
Global
≈US$250 billion (2024) → ≈US$440 billion (2029, projected)Global spending on cancer medicines per IQVIA Global Oncology Trends; the revenue base that funds most late-stage oncology R&D
Spending, not R&D. Oncology is the largest therapeutic area in industry pipelines by number of programmes.
2024source

Missing a funder? Add a sourced row to src/data/funding.ts. See gaps for other places to help, and the NCI page for what its budget buys.