Progestins (megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD)
Progesterone-like hormones that can reverse early endometrial cancer in women who want to keep their uterus, and control advanced hormone-sensitive disease.
Fertility-sparing therapy for grade 1, stage IA endometrioid cancer or atypical hyperplasia (oral progestin or levonorgestrel IUD; complete response ~70-80% within 12 months, relapse ~30%). In advanced ER/PR-positive low-grade disease, progestins, alternating with tamoxifen (GOG-119), or aromatase inhibitors with CDK4/6 inhibitors (PALEO, NRG-GY019) give durable control with minimal toxicity.
- Route
- Oral or intrauterine
- Schedule
- Megestrol 160 mg daily; levonorgestrel 52 mg IUD; re-biopsy every 3-6 months in fertility-sparing use
- Monitoring
- Endometrial sampling, weight, thrombosis risk
- Medicare
- Part D (self-administered)
Oral, self-administered, so it is a Part D drug: covered through a stand-alone Part D plan or Medicare Advantage drug benefit, usually on the specialty tier with 25 to 33% coinsurance until the annual cap ($2,000 in 2025, $2,100 in 2026). Megestrol and medroxyprogesterone are generic Part D drugs. The levonorgestrel IUD is placed by a clinician and billed under Part B, and is a $0 preventive benefit in most commercial plans under the ACA when used for contraception.
- Commercial insurance
- covered on label
Multi-source generic on low-cost tiers; usually no prior authorisation. Cash prices without insurance are modest.
Sources: Medicare.gov: Drug coverage (Part D) · Medicare.gov: Costs for Medicare drug coverage (annual out-of-pocket cap). Not medical or financial advice; verify with your plan.
- Notes
- Generic progestins and the levonorgestrel IUD; funded routinely, no TA.
- NHS England
- Routinely funded for the appraised indication (or via managed access)
Sources: NICE search: progestins. Funding decisions are indication-specific and change monthly; verify with NICE and your treating team.
Approvals
| Region | Year | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| US | 1971 | Palliative treatment of advanced endometrial and breast cancer (megestrol) |
| Adverse event | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Weight gain | 30% | — |
| Venous thromboembolism | — | — |
Increased risk with high-dose oral progestins. Events listed without rates were not read from a primary source; see the label. Blank cells mean the figure was not sourced, not that it is zero.
Trials
topRecruiting now (live from ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Latest papers
topQuery for this drug: (TITLE:"Progestins" OR ABSTRACT:"Progestins" OR TITLE:"megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD" OR ABSTRACT:"megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD" OR TITLE:"Megace; Mirena" OR ABSTRACT:"Megace; Mirena") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Progestins (megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD), not a curated reading list.
Pages like this
not linked directly; found by shared links- TrialPORTEC-3
Shares Molecular-class-directed adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer, Endometrial cancer.
- TermEndometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)
Shares Molecular-class-directed adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer, Endometrial cancer.
- InstitutionBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
Shares Estrogen receptor (ERα), Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs).
- ProductLetrozole (and other aromatase inhibitors)
Shares Oestrogen receptor signalling, Estrogen receptor (ERα), Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs), Endometrial cancer.
- ProductGoserelin / leuprolide (ovarian function suppression)
Shares Estrogen receptor (ERα), Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs).
- IdeaLow-dose tamoxifen for high-risk women, prescribed by pharmacists and nurses
Shares Estrogen receptor (ERα), Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs).
- PairingCDK4/6 inhibitor + endocrine therapy
Shares Oestrogen receptor signalling, Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs).
- ProductVepdegestrant
Shares Oestrogen receptor signalling, Estrogen receptor (ERα), Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs).