OnCo
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Cytarabine + anthracycline ('7+3')

The intensive chemotherapy that has induced remission in fit AML patients since 1973: seven days of one drug, three of another. Still the backbone that targeted drugs are added to.

Cytarabine 100-200 mg/m² continuous infusion for 7 days with daunorubicin 60-90 mg/m² or idarubicin 12 mg/m² for 3 days. Induces CR in 60-80% of younger adults. Modern practice adds midostaurin or quizartinib (FLT3), gemtuzumab (CD33+ favourable/intermediate risk), or uses CPX-351 (secondary AML). High-dose cytarabine consolidation follows. Five decades of incremental optimisation rather than replacement.

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Cytarabine
PubChem
Mechanism, step by step
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1.Cytarabine is converted to ara-CTP inside blasts

Modality
Cytotoxic regimen
Mechanism
Cytarabine is a pyrimidine analogue that terminates DNA chain elongation; anthracyclines intercalate DNA and poison topoisomerase II.
Dosing & schedule
Route
IV
Schedule
Cytarabine 100-200 mg/m²/day continuous infusion days 1-7; daunorubicin 60-90 mg/m² or idarubicin 12 mg/m² days 1-3
Monitoring
Daily counts, infection prophylaxis, cardiac function (anthracycline cumulative dose)

Source: US prescribing information (DailyMed). Doses are for orientation; the current label governs.

Regulatory

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Approvals

RegionYearIndication
US1969Cytarabine approved for acute leukaemia; 7+3 established 1973

Safety

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Toxicity profile
Adverse eventAny gradeGrade 3+
Profound myelosuppression
Expected; 2-4 weeks aplasia
100%
Febrile neutropenia / infection
80%
Induction mortality
~5% in younger fit adults, higher over 60
Anthracycline cardiotoxicity
Cumulative-dose dependent

Events listed without rates were not read from a primary source; see the label. Blank cells mean the figure was not sourced, not that it is zero.

Trials

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ClinicalTrials.gov · phase 2/3
refreshed 2026-09-09
1283 studies14 recruiting76 Phase 230 Phase 3
Search “Cytarabine” on ClinicalTrials.gov →
Counts are from a name search and may include unrelated studies; up to 100 studies are summarised.

Recruiting now (live from ClinicalTrials.gov)

Recruiting trials near you · live from ClinicalTrials.gov
Cytarabine + anthracycline ('7+3')
intervention: Cytarabine
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov →

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Landmark trials in OnCo

Key papers

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Latest papers

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Literature trend994 papers in the last 12 months+15% vs prior 12How this is computed
Latest papers · live from Europe PMC
Open in Europe PMC

Query for this drug: (TITLE:"Cytarabine + anthracycline" OR ABSTRACT:"Cytarabine + anthracycline" OR TITLE:"'7+3'" OR ABSTRACT:"'7+3'") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Cytarabine + anthracycline ('7+3'), not a curated reading list.

Connected

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