OnCo
ideasIdea

Pay per course of radiotherapy, not per session, so short courses are not penalised

Hospitals are paid for each radiotherapy session, so a proven five-session course earns less than an unproven twenty-five-session one. Paying per course removes the reason to give more treatment than needed.

Payers move from per-fraction to episode-based or per-course payment for radiotherapy, with the price set by indication and independent of fraction number, and with a quality bonus for adherence to evidence-based fractionation guidelines. Randomised trials (FAST-Forward, CHHiP, PACE-B, the Dutch and Canadian hypofractionation trials) have shown that shorter courses are equivalent for breast and prostate cancer, yet uptake lags for years in fee-for-service systems. The US Radiation Oncology Model was designed on this principle; implementing it widely, and in other countries, aligns payment with evidence and frees capacity.

Hypothesis
Course-based payment raises the use of guideline-concordant hypofractionation for breast and prostate cancer by at least 20 percentage points within two years in affected systems, with no measurable change in outcomes or toxicity.
Rationale
Uptake of hypofractionation is far higher in capitated or salaried systems (UK, Canada) than in fee-for-service settings, indicating payment, not evidence, drives practice. Episode payment is a standard tool for aligning incentives and requires no new evidence.
What would test it
Compare hypofractionation rates and outcomes before and after episode-based payment in a payer region against a matched fee-for-service region.
Maturity
being tested at scale
Who has to act
payer
Cost to try
Small (under $1M)
Years to first evidence
2
Bottlenecks it attacks

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