Making microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer immunotherapy-responsive
Ninety-five percent of bowel cancers ignore immunotherapy. Combinations that heat the tumour up (targeted drugs, radiation, new checkpoints) are the main hope.
MSS CRC has few neoantigens, TGF-β-rich stroma, and liver metastases that induce systemic tolerance. Approaches: botensilimab + balstilimab (Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4; ~20% ORR in liver-metastasis-free MSS CRC), KRAS G12C inhibitor + PD-1, anti-EGFR + PD-1 in RAS wild-type (AVETUX), radiation to liver metastases, CEA-directed T-cell engagers.
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not linked directly; found by shared links- TrialKEYNOTE-177
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Shares CTLA-4, PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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