OnCo
technologiesTechnologyPhase 2

Metabolic therapy: starving the tumour of a nutrient

Removing an amino acid or nutrient that certain tumours cannot make for themselves, while normal cells can.

Arginine deprivation with pegargiminase (ADI-PEG 20) exploits ASS1 loss; the phase 2/3 ATOMIC-Meso study in mesothelioma completed (NCT02709512), while the phase 3 leiomyosarcoma study (NCT05712694) and a lung study were terminated. Glutaminase inhibition failed in renal cancer, asparaginase remains standard in ALL, and dietary approaches such as ketogenic or fasting-mimicking regimens have only small randomised trials with mixed results. The lesson so far is that metabolic dependencies are real but narrow.

Generic schematic · not to scale · placeholder for the targeted therapy front
ATP pocket · Inhibitor blocks phosphotransfer · Kinase domain

How it works

Enzymatic depletion of a circulating nutrient (arginine, asparagine, methionine) kills tumour cells that have lost the biosynthetic enzyme, while normal cells resynthesise it.

Strengths
  • Genotype-defined patient selection, for example ASS1 loss
  • Precedent: asparaginase cures a share of ALL
  • Combines with chemotherapy
Limitations
  • Repeated failures outside narrow settings
  • Antibody responses to pegylated enzymes
  • Diet-based approaches lack rigorous evidence

Latest papers

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Latest papers · live from Europe PMC
Open in Europe PMC

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