Secondary and therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/aml-secondary/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
17 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example TP53 mutation and allelic state, Complex or monosomal karyotype, Myelodysplasia-related mutations, KMT2A rearrangement, Prior clonal haematopoiesis), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (newly diagnosed, fit for intensive chemotherapy, age 60 to 75), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for CPX-351 (liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine), Cytarabine + anthracycline ('7+3'), and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of CPX-351 Study 301 apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (newly diagnosed, unfit for intensive chemotherapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Venetoclax, Azacitidine, Decitabine, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.How do the results of VIALE-A apply to someone like me?
- 11.For my situation (consolidation and relapse), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Gilteritinib, Ivosidenib, Revumenib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of CPX-351 (liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine), Venetoclax, myeloMATCH, Which patients' blood clones will become leukaemia after treatment??
- 14.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 15.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 16.I read that “No regimen produces durable remissions in TP53-mutated AML”. How does that affect my plan?
- 17.I read that “Whether CPX-351 helps patients under 60 or those fit enough for transplant regardless of induction”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Secondary malignancy (therapy-related cancer): A new, different cancer caused by the treatment of the first one: leukaemia after alkylating chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors, solid tumours in irradiated tissue decades later, and rarely T-cell lymphoma after CAR-T.
- Hypomethylating agents (azacitidine, decitabine): Low-intensity chemotherapy that strips chemical 'off' switches (methyl groups) from DNA so silenced genes can be read again.
- ELN 2022 risk classification: The three-tier system (favourable, intermediate, adverse) that decides how aggressively an adult with AML is treated and whether a transplant is recommended.
- TP53-mutated (p53-abnormal): Loss of the p53 'guardian of the genome', the most commonly mutated gene in cancer.
Tests and results to bring
Newly diagnosed, fit for intensive chemotherapy, age 60 to 75: CPX-351 induction (Study 301) followed by allogeneic transplant in remission; 7+3 where CPX-351 is unavailable.
Newly diagnosed, unfit for intensive chemotherapy: Venetoclax plus azacitidine or decitabine; hypomethylating agent alone for TP53-mutated disease where venetoclax adds little; trials.
Biomarker results to ask for: TP53 mutation and allelic state, Complex or monosomal karyotype, Myelodysplasia-related mutations (SRSF2, SF3B1, ASXL1, RUNX1, U2AF1, EZH2, BCOR, STAG2), KMT2A rearrangement, Prior clonal haematopoiesis, ELN 2022 risk group.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Consolidation and relapse: Allogeneic transplant is the only curative option; genotype-directed drugs where a FLT3, IDH or KMT2A target exists. (Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Gilteritinib, Ivosidenib, Revumenib)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.