Adolescent and young adult cancers (ages 15 to 39)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/aya-cancers/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
17 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Germline testingin young-onset cancers, Ph-like signature screening in AYA acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Mismatch repair status in early-onset colorectal cancer, Ovarian reservebefore gonadotoxic therapy), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 15 to 39), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Asparaginase (pegaspargase, calaspargase pegol, Erwinia asparaginase), Vincristine, Dexamethasone or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of ECOG-ACRIN E1910 apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (before any gonadotoxic treatment), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.For my situation (psychosocial and financial), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.For my situation (survivorship), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.How do the results of Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) apply to someone like me?
- 12.For my situation (hereditary risk), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 13.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Blinatumomab, ECOG-ACRIN E1910, A survivorship passport app for adolescent and young adult survivors, Default fertility preservation referral for every patient under 40 before treatment?
- 14.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 15.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 16.I read that “Trial enrolment in AYA remains far below that of children”. How does that affect my plan?
- 17.I read that “Fertility preservation is offered unevenly and paid for inconsistently”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Financial toxicity: The harm caused to patients by the cost of cancer care: depleted savings, debt, skipped medication and worse survival.
- Cancer during pregnancy: About 1 in 1,000 pregnancies is complicated by cancer, most often breast, cervical, lymphoma, melanoma or leukaemia.
- Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology: Cancer in people aged 15-39, about 90,000 US cases a year, with a distinct mix of cancers, slower survival improvement than children or older adults, and specific needs: fertility, education and work, psychosocial support and trial access.
- Late effects and survivorship toxicity: Health problems appearing months or decades after treatment ends: heart damage, infertility, second cancers, lymphoedema, dry mouth, memory problems, weak bones.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Germline testing (BRCA1/2, Lynch syndrome, TP53) in young-onset cancers, Ph-like signature screening in AYA acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Mismatch repair status in early-onset colorectal cancer, Ovarian reserve (anti-Mullerian hormone) before gonadotoxic therapy.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Germline (hereditary) testing, NGS-based MRD (clonoSEQ and molecular MRD).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 15 to 39: Paediatric-inspired regimen with asparaginase (CALGB 10403 model) and blinatumomab consolidation for MRD-negative B-ALL (E1910); Ph-like screening at diagnosis. (Asparaginase (pegaspargase, calaspargase pegol, Erwinia asparaginase), Vincristine, Dexamethasone, Methotrexate, Blinatumomab, ECOG-ACRIN E1910, NGS-based MRD (clonoSEQ and molecular MRD), ECOG-ACRIN E1910: adding blinatumomab to chemotherapy for adults with B-cell ALL already in MRD-negative remission)
- Before any gonadotoxic treatment: Fertility preservation referral (sperm banking, oocyte or embryo cryopreservation, ovarian tissue) as a default step. (Oncofertility and fertility preservation)
- Psychosocial and financial: Age-specific units or teams, distress screening, education and employment support, financial navigation. (Psycho-oncology and distress screening, Financial toxicity, Teenage Cancer Trust)
- Hereditary risk: Germline testing in young-onset breast, colorectal, sarcoma and other cancers, with cascade testing of relatives. (Germline (hereditary) testing)
- Survivorship: Treatment summary and risk-based follow-up for cardiac, second-cancer, endocrine and fertility late effects over decades. (Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance, Late effects and survivorship toxicity, Cardio-oncology, A survivorship passport app for adolescent and young adult survivors, Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS))
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.