Cancer of unknown primary (CUP)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/cancer-of-unknown-primary/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
15 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Immunohistochemistry panel, Comprehensive genomic profiling, MSI, TMB, PD-L1, Tissue-of-origin classifiers, AFP, hCG, PSA, CA-125), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (favourable subsets), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.For my situation (unfavourable, first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.Am I a candidate for Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Gemcitabine + cisplatin, and what side effects should I expect?
- 9.For my situation (molecularly directed), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.Am I a candidate for Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 11.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Comprehensive genomic profiling, Liquid biopsy (ctDNA), DNA methylation profiling, Pembrolizumab?
- 12.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 13.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 14.I read that “Whether finding the primary matters, or only finding the target”. How does that affect my plan?
- 15.I read that “Median survival under a year for unfavourable CUP despite decades of trials”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Staining a tissue slice with antibodies so a protein shows up in colour under the microscope.
- Tumour mutational burden (TMB): How many mutations a tumour has.
- Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR): Microsatellite instability is the mark of a broken DNA spell-checker (loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2) that leaves thousands of mutations, so the tumour displays abnormal proteins that T cells can recognise.
- Tumour-agnostic (tissue-agnostic) approval: A tumour-agnostic approval lets a drug be used for any cancer carrying a specific molecular feature, regardless of where it started.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Immunohistochemistry panel (CK7/CK20, TTF-1, CDX2, GATA3, PAX8, NKX3.1, SOX10, p16), Comprehensive genomic profiling (targetable alterations in ~30%), MSI, TMB, PD-L1 (tumour-agnostic immunotherapy), Tissue-of-origin classifiers (gene expression, methylation), AFP, hCG (germ cell), PSA (men), CA-125, ctDNA.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Comprehensive genomic profiling, Histopathology & immunohistochemistry, Liquid biopsy (ctDNA), PET/CT, DNA methylation profiling.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Favourable subsets: Treat as the presumed primary: e.g. axillary node-only adenocarcinoma in women as breast cancer (mastectomy or axillary dissection + radiotherapy, systemic therapy); cervical node SCC with chemoradiation; peritoneal serous carcinoma as ovarian. (Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam))
- Unfavourable, first line: Empiric carboplatin-paclitaxel or cisplatin-gemcitabine ×4-6; comprehensive genomic profiling at diagnosis to find targetable alterations or immunotherapy biomarkers. (Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Gemcitabine + cisplatin, Comprehensive genomic profiling)
- Molecularly directed: Targeted therapy for actionable alterations (e.g. NTRK, BRAF V600E, HER2, ALK) and pembrolizumab for MSI-H/TMB-H; CUPISCO supports molecular-guided therapy after induction chemotherapy. (Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Comprehensive genomic profiling, Liquid biopsy (ctDNA))
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.